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<li id="toc-Mushroom_ketchup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mushroom_ketchup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Mushroom ketchup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mushroom_ketchup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tomato_ketchup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tomato_ketchup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Tomato ketchup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tomato_ketchup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_innovations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_innovations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Later innovations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_innovations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Terminology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Terminology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Terminology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Terminology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Etymology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Etymology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Etymology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Etymology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Etymology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Amoy_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amoy_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Amoy theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amoy_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malay_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malay_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Malay theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malay_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European-Arabic_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European-Arabic_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>European-Arabic theory</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European-Arabic_theory-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_uses_in_English" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_uses_in_English"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Early uses in English</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_uses_in_English-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Composition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Composition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Composition</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Composition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Composition subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Composition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-"Fancy"_ketchup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#"Fancy"_ketchup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>"Fancy" ketchup</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-"Fancy"_ketchup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nutrition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nutrition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Nutrition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nutrition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viscosity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viscosity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Viscosity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viscosity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Separation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Separation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Separation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Separation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ketchup</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 77 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamatiesous" title="Tamatiesous – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tamatiesous" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D8%A8" title="كتشب – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="كتشب" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9tchup" title="Kétchup – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Kétchup" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ket%C3%A7up" title="Ketçup – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Ketçup" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khe-chi%C3%A1-puh" title="Khe-chiá-puh – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khe-chiá-puh" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Кетчуп – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Кетчуп" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Кетчуп – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Кетчуп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Кетчуп – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Кетчуп" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketsap" title="Ketsap – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Ketsap" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Кетчуп – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Кетчуп" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%C3%A8txup" title="Quètxup – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Quètxup" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Dup" title="Kečup – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Kečup" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sos_coch" title="Sos coch – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Sos coch" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ket%C5%A1up" title="Ketšup – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ketšup" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9A%CE%AD%CF%84%CF%83%CE%B1%CF%80" title="Κέτσαπ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Κέτσαπ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A9tchup" title="Kétchup – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Kétchup" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%89upo" title="Keĉupo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Keĉupo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%BE" title="کچاپ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کچاپ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citseap" title="Citseap – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Citseap" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%A9-jiab-p%C3%BA" title="Kié-jiab-pú – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kié-jiab-pú" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BC%80%EC%B2%A9" title="케첩 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="케첩" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B9%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BA" title="Կետչուպ – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կետչուպ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Dap" title="Kečap – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kečap" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kechupo" title="Kechupo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kechupo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saus_tomat" title="Saus tomat – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Saus tomat" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3mats%C3%B3sa" title="Tómatsósa – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Tómatsósa" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%A4" title="קטשופ – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קטשופ" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saos_tomat" title="Saos tomat – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Saos tomat" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%8D" title="ಕೆಚಪ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕೆಚಪ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%99%E1%83%94%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A9%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9E%E1%83%98" title="კეტჩუპი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="კეტჩუპი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Кетчуп – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Кетчуп" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ket%C3%A7ap" title="Ketçap – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Ketçap" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liquamen_lycopersici" title="Liquamen lycopersici – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Liquamen lycopersici" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C4%81tu_m%C4%93rce" title="Tomātu mērce – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tomātu mērce" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Dupas" title="Kečupas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kečupas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cetxap" title="Cetxap – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cetxap" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Кечап – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кечап" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%B4%D9%BE" title="كتشپ – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="كتشپ" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sos_tomato" title="Sos tomato – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sos tomato" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%81%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%83%97" title="ケチャップ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケチャップ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketsjup" title="Ketsjup – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Ketsjup" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%BE" title="کیچپ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کیچپ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keczup" title="Keczup – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Keczup" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Кетчуп – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кетчуп" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D9%8A%DA%86%D9%BE" title="ڪيچپ – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪيچپ" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Dup" title="Kečup – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kečup" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ke%C4%8Dap" title="Kečap – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kečap" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%BF" title="Кечап – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Кечап" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketsuppi" title="Ketsuppi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Ketsuppi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketsap" title="Ketsap – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Ketsap" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="கெட்ச்அப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கெட்ச்அப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%82%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8" title="ซอสมะเขือเทศ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ซอสมะเขือเทศ" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ket%C3%A7ap" title="Ketçap – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Ketçap" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%87%D1%83%D0%BF" title="Кетчуп – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кетчуп" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%BE" title="کیچپ – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیچپ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_x%E1%BB%91t_c%C3%A0_chua" title="Nước xốt cà chua – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nước xốt cà chua" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" title="Ketchup – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ketchup" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%8C%84%E6%B2%99%E5%8F%B8" title="番茄沙司 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="番茄沙司" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%98%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A4" title="קעטשאפ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קעטשאפ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%8C%84%E9%86%AC" title="番茄醬 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="番茄醬" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%95%AA%E8%8C%84%E9%86%AC" title="番茄醬 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="番茄醬" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caos_tomat" title="Caos tomat – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Caos tomat" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tomato_ketchup&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomato ketchup">Tomato ketchup</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Sauce used as a condiment</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ketchup_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ketchup (disambiguation)">Ketchup (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Catchup" redirects here. For catchup television, see <a href="/wiki/Streaming_television" title="Streaming television">Streaming television</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox hrecipe adr"><caption class="infobox-title fn"><span>Ketchup</span></caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Ketchup_20160918_181342_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ketchup_20160918_181342_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Ketchup_20160918_181342_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ketchup_20160918_181342_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Ketchup_20160918_181342_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Ketchup_20160918_181342_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Ketchup_20160918_181342_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5552" data-file-height="4752" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding-bottom:0.25em;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;">A typical dish of tomato ketchup</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">Condiment</a></td></tr><tr class="note"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Place of origin</th><td class="infobox-data country-name"><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (mushroom variant), <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (tomato variant)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;">Main ingredients</th><td class="infobox-data ingredient"><a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">Tomatoes</a> (or other main ingredients), <a href="/wiki/Sugar" title="Sugar">sugar</a> (or <a href="/wiki/High_fructose_corn_syrup" class="mw-redirect" title="High fructose corn syrup">high fructose corn syrup</a>), <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a>, salt, <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">seasonings</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="line-height:1.15em; padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Food energy</a><br /><span style="font-size:90%;font-weight:normal;">(per serving)</span></div></th><td class="infobox-data nutrition">100 per serving (serving size 1 tbsp) <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">kcal</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:0.25em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Cookbook:Ketchup" class="extiw" title="b:Cookbook:Ketchup">Cookbook: Ketchup</a></li><li> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Ketchup" class="extiw" title="commons:Ketchup">Media: Ketchup</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Ketchup</b> or <b>catsup</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/u/: 'u' in 'influence'">u</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/tʃ/: 'ch' in 'China'">tʃ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span></span>/</a></span></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Table_condiment" class="mw-redirect" title="Table condiment">table condiment</a> with a sweet and sour flavor. "Ketchup" now typically refers to <b>tomato ketchup</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-npr-sept-2019_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-npr-sept-2019-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although early recipes for various different varieties of ketchup contained <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_ketchup" title="Mushroom ketchup">mushrooms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oyster" title="Oyster">oysters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mussel" title="Mussel">mussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egg_white" title="Egg white">egg whites</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grape" title="Grape">grapes</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Walnut" title="Walnut">walnuts</a>, among other ingredients.<sup id="cite_ref-Smith1996_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Smith1996-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tomato ketchup is made from <a href="/wiki/Tomato" title="Tomato">tomatoes</a>, sugar, and <a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">vinegar</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Seasoning" title="Seasoning">seasonings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Spice" title="Spice">spices</a>. The spices and flavors vary but commonly include <a href="/wiki/Onion" title="Onion">onions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Allspice" title="Allspice">allspice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coriander_seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Coriander seed">coriander</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cloves" class="mw-redirect" title="Cloves">cloves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cumin" title="Cumin">cumin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Garlic" title="Garlic">garlic</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Mustard_seed" title="Mustard seed">mustard</a> and sometimes include <a href="/wiki/Celery" title="Celery">celery</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cinnamon" title="Cinnamon">cinnamon</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Ginger" title="Ginger">ginger</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The market leader in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> (60% market share) and the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a> (82%) is <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Tomato_Ketchup" title="Heinz Tomato Ketchup">Heinz Tomato Ketchup</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ecologist_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ecologist-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tomato ketchup is often used as a condiment for dishes that are usually served hot and are fried or greasy: <a href="/wiki/French_fries" title="French fries">french fries</a> and other <a href="/wiki/List_of_potato_dishes" title="List of potato dishes">potato dishes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hamburger" title="Hamburger">hamburgers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hot_dog" title="Hot dog">hot dogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicken_tender" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicken tender">chicken tenders</a>, hot <a href="/wiki/Sandwich" title="Sandwich">sandwiches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meat_pie" title="Meat pie">meat pies</a>, cooked <a href="/wiki/Egg_as_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Egg as food">eggs</a>, and grilled or fried meat. Ketchup is sometimes used as the basis for, or as one ingredient in, other sauces and dressings, and the flavor may be replicated as an <a href="/wiki/Flavoring" title="Flavoring">additive flavoring</a> for snacks, such as <a href="/wiki/Ketchup_potato_chip" class="mw-redirect" title="Ketchup potato chip">potato chips</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mushroom_ketchup">Mushroom ketchup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Mushroom ketchup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_ketchup" title="Mushroom ketchup">Mushroom ketchup</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mushroom_ketchup_(homemade)_-_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mushroom_ketchup_%28homemade%29_-_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Mushroom_ketchup_%28homemade%29_-_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mushroom_ketchup_%28homemade%29_-_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Mushroom_ketchup_%28homemade%29_-_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Mushroom_ketchup_%28homemade%29_-_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Mushroom_ketchup_%28homemade%29_-_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2358" data-file-height="2097" /></a><figcaption>Homemade <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_ketchup" title="Mushroom ketchup">mushroom ketchup</a> in a plastic tub</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United Kingdom, ketchup was historically prepared with <a href="/wiki/Edible_mushroom" title="Edible mushroom">mushrooms</a> as a primary ingredient, rather than tomatoes.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooke_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooke-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bell_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bell-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Branston_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Branston-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the United States, <a href="/wiki/Mushroom_ketchup" title="Mushroom ketchup">mushroom ketchup</a> dates back to at least 1770, and was prepared by British colonists in the <a href="/wiki/Thirteen_Colonies" title="Thirteen Colonies">Thirteen Colonies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tomato_ketchup">Tomato ketchup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Tomato ketchup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/220px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/330px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/440px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>Tomato ketchup and other <a href="/wiki/Condiment" title="Condiment">condiments</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomato_Casual.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Tomato_Casual.jpg/220px-Tomato_Casual.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/96/Tomato_Casual.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="272" data-file-height="181" /></a><figcaption>Tomato ketchup next to raw tomatoes</figcaption></figure> <p>Many variations of ketchup were created, but the tomato-based version did not appear until around a century after other types. An early recipe for "Tomato Catsup" from 1817 includes <a href="/wiki/Anchovies" class="mw-redirect" title="Anchovies">anchovies</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-The_Cosmopolitan_Condiment_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Cosmopolitan_Condiment-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <blockquote> <ol><li>Gather a gallon of fine, red, and full ripe tomatas; mash them with one pound of salt.</li> <li>Let them rest for three days, press off the juice, and to each quart add a quarter of a pound of anchovies, two ounces of shallots, and an ounce of ground black pepper.</li> <li>Boil up together for half an hour, strain through a sieve, and put to it the following spices; a quarter of an ounce of <a href="/wiki/Nutmeg#Mace" title="Nutmeg">mace</a>, the same of allspice and ginger, half an ounce of nutmeg, a <a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">drachm</a> of coriander seed, and half a drachm of <a href="/wiki/Cochineal" title="Cochineal">cochineal</a>.</li> <li>Pound all together; let them simmer gently for twenty minutes, and strain through a bag: when cold, bottle it, adding to each bottle a wineglass of brandy. It will keep for seven years.</li></ol></blockquote> <p>By the mid-1850s, the anchovies had been dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Cosmopolitan_Condiment_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Cosmopolitan_Condiment-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term ketchup first appeared in 1682.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ketchup recipes began to appear in British and then American cookbooks in the 18th century. <a href="/wiki/James_Mease" title="James Mease">James Mease</a> published the first known tomato ketchup recipe in 1812. In 1824, a ketchup recipe using tomatoes appeared in <i>The Virginia Housewife</i> (an influential 19th-century cookbook written by Mary Randolph, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a>'s cousin). Tomato ketchup was sold locally by farmers. Jonas Yerkes is credited as the first American to sell it in a bottle.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1837, he had produced and distributed the condiment nationally.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shortly thereafter, other companies followed suit. <a href="/wiki/Heinz" title="Heinz">F. & J. Heinz</a> launched their tomato ketchup in 1876.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> American cooks also began to sweeten ketchup in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i><a href="/wiki/Webster%27s_Dictionary" title="Webster's Dictionary">Webster's Dictionary</a></i> of 1913 defined "catsup" as: "table sauce made from mushrooms, tomatoes, walnuts, etc. [Also written as ketchup]." As the century progressed, tomato ketchup began its ascent in popularity in the United States. Tomato ketchup was popular long before fresh tomatoes were. People were less hesitant to eat tomatoes as part of a highly processed product that had been cooked and infused with vinegar and spices.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Tomato_Ketchup" title="Heinz Tomato Ketchup">Heinz Tomato Ketchup</a> was advertised: "Blessed relief for Mother and the other women in the household!", a slogan which alluded to the lengthy process required to produce tomato ketchup in the home.<sup id="cite_ref-Retro_Food_Fiascos:_A_Collection_of_Curious_Concoctions_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Retro_Food_Fiascos:_A_Collection_of_Curious_Concoctions-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With industrial ketchup production and a need for better preservation there was a great increase of sugar in ketchup, leading to the typically sweet and sour formula of today.<sup id="cite_ref-The_Cosmopolitan_Condiment_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Cosmopolitan_Condiment-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Australia, it was not until the late 19th century that sugar was added to <i>tomato sauce</i>, initially in small quantities, but today it contains just as much as American ketchup and only differed in the proportions of tomatoes, salt and vinegar in early recipes.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While ketchup and tomato sauce are both sold in Australia, Australian ketchup is sweeter and thicker whereas Australian tomato sauce is more sour and runny.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Modern ketchup emerged in the early years of the 20th century, out of a debate over the use of <a href="/wiki/Sodium_benzoate" title="Sodium benzoate">sodium benzoate</a> as a preservative in condiments. <a href="/wiki/Harvey_W._Wiley" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvey W. Wiley">Harvey W. Wiley</a>, the "father" of the <a href="/wiki/Food_and_Drug_Administration" title="Food and Drug Administration">US Food and Drug Administration</a>, challenged the safety of benzoate which was banned in the 1906 <a href="/wiki/Pure_Food_and_Drug_Act" title="Pure Food and Drug Act">Pure Food and Drug Act</a>. In response, entrepreneurs including <a href="/wiki/Henry_J._Heinz" title="Henry J. Heinz">Henry J. Heinz</a>, pursued an alternative recipe that eliminated the need for that preservative.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Bitting" title="Katherine Bitting">Katherine Bitting</a>, a bacteriologist working for the U.S. Department of Agriculture, carried out research in 1909 that proved increasing the sugar and vinegar content of the product would prevent spoilage without use of artificial preservatives. She was assisted by her husband, Arvil Bitting, an official at that agency.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to Heinz (and his fellow innovators), commercial tomato ketchups of that time were watery and thin, in part because they used unripe tomatoes, which were low in <a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">pectin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They had less vinegar than modern ketchups; by <a href="/wiki/Pickling" title="Pickling">pickling</a> ripe tomatoes, the need for benzoate was eliminated without spoilage or degradation in flavor. But the changes driven by the desire to eliminate benzoate also produced changes<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What changes? (January 2013)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> that some experts (such as Andrew F. Smith<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) believe were key to the establishment of tomato ketchup as the dominant American condiment. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Later_innovations">Later innovations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Later innovations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In fast food outlets, ketchup is often dispensed in small sachets or tubs. Diners tear the side or top of <a href="/wiki/Condiment_sachet" class="mw-redirect" title="Condiment sachet">ketchup packets</a> and squeeze ketchup out of them or peel the foil lid off tubs for dipping. In 2011, Heinz began offering a new measured-portion package, called the <a href="/wiki/Dip_%26_Squeeze" title="Dip & Squeeze">"Dip and Squeeze"</a> packet, which can be opened in either way.<sup id="cite_ref-Nassauer_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nassauer-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some fast food outlets previously dispensed ketchup from hand-operated pumps into paper cups. This method has made a comeback in the first decades of the 21st century, as cost and environmental concerns over the increasing use of individual plastic ketchup tubs were taken into account. </p><p>In October 2000, Heinz introduced colored ketchup products called EZ Squirt, which eventually included green (2000), purple (2001), mystery (pink, orange, or <a href="/wiki/Teal_(color)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teal (color)">teal</a>, 2002), and blue (2003).<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These products were made by adding <a href="/wiki/Food_coloring" title="Food coloring">food coloring</a> to the traditional ketchup. By January 2006, these products were discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Terminology">Terminology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Terminology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term used for the sauce varies. <i>Ketchup</i> is the dominant term in <a href="/wiki/American_English_regional_vocabulary" title="American English regional vocabulary">American English</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_English" title="Canadian English">Canadian English</a>, although <i>catsup</i> is commonly used in some southern US states and <a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Canada and the US, <i><a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">tomato sauce</a></i> is not a synonym for ketchup but is a sauce made from tomatoes and commonly used in making sauce for pasta.<sup id="cite_ref-De_Kleine_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-De_Kleine-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/ketchup" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/ketchup">ketchup</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <p>The etymology of the word <i>ketchup</i> is unclear; there are multiple competing theories:<sup id="cite_ref-pureketchup_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pureketchup-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amoy_theory">Amoy theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Amoy theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A popular <a href="/wiki/Folk_etymology" title="Folk etymology">folk etymology</a> is that the word came to English from the <a href="/wiki/Cantonese" title="Cantonese">Cantonese</a> <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%8C%84%E6%B1%81" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:茄汁">茄汁</a> (<i><span lang="zh-Latn-wadegile">ke<sup>2</sup> zap<sup>1</sup></span></i>, literally meaning 'tomato sauce' in Cantonese).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The character <span title="Yue Chinese-language text"><span lang="yue">茄</span></span> means 'eggplant'; <i>tomato</i> in Cantonese is <span title="Yue Chinese-language text"><span lang="yue">番茄</span></span>, which literally translates to 'foreign eggplant'. </p><p>Another theory among academics is that the word derives from one of two words from <a href="/wiki/Hokkien" title="Hokkien">Hokkien</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Fujian" title="Fujian">Fujian</a> region of coastal southern China: <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%86%8E%E6%B1%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:膎汁"><i>kôe-chiap</i></a> (in the <a href="/wiki/Amoy_dialect" title="Amoy dialect">Amoy/Xiamen dialect</a> and <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou_dialects" title="Quanzhou dialects">Quanzhou dialect</a>) or <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E8%86%8E%E6%B1%81#Chinese" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:膎汁"><i>kê-chiap</i></a><sup id="cite_ref-Jurafsky_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jurafsky-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ahd_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ahd-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (in the <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou_dialects" title="Zhangzhou dialects">Zhangzhou dialect</a>). Both of these pronunciations of the same word (<span title="Min Nan Chinese-language text"><span lang="nan">膎汁</span></span>, <span title="Min Nan Chinese-language text"><i lang="nan-Latn">kôe-chiap</i></span> / <span title="Min Nan Chinese-language text"><i lang="nan-Latn">kê-chiap</i></span>) come from the <a href="/wiki/Quanzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Quanzhou dialect">Quanzhou dialect</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amoy_dialect" title="Amoy dialect">Amoy dialect</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Zhangzhou_dialect" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhangzhou dialect">Zhangzhou dialect</a> of Hokkien, respectively, where it meant the <a href="/wiki/Brine" title="Brine">brine</a> of pickled fish or shellfish (<span title="Min Nan Chinese-language text"><span lang="nan">膎</span></span>, 'pickled food' (usually seafood) + <span title="Min Nan Chinese-language text"><span lang="nan">汁</span></span>, 'juice'). There are citations of <span title="Min Nan Chinese-language text"><i lang="nan-Latn">koe-chiap</i></span> in the <i>Chinese-English Dictionary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of <a href="/wiki/Amoy" class="mw-redirect" title="Amoy">Amoy</a></i> (1873) by <a href="/wiki/Carstairs_Douglas" title="Carstairs Douglas">Carstairs Douglas</a>, defined as "brine of pickled fish or shell-fish."<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malay_theory">Malay theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Malay theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ketchup</i> may have entered the English language from the <a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> word <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">kicap</i></span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">pronounced</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="ms-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Malay" title="Help:IPA/Malay">[kitʃap]</a></span>, sometimes spelled <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">kecap</i></span> or <span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">ketjap</i></span>). Originally meaning "soy sauce", the word itself derives from Chinese.<sup id="cite_ref-oed_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-oed-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_cuisine" title="Indonesian cuisine">Indonesian cuisine</a>, which is similar to <a href="/wiki/Malay_cuisine" title="Malay cuisine">Malay</a>, the term <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kecap</i></span> refers to fermented savory sauces. Two main types are well known in their cuisine: <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kecap asin</i></span>, which translates to "salty <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kecap</i></span>" in <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> (a salty soy sauce) and <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kecap manis</i></span> or "sweet <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kecap</i></span>" in Indonesian. <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">Kecap manis</i></span> is a <a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">sweet soy sauce</a> that is a mixture of soy sauce with brown sugar, molasses, garlic, ginger, anise, coriander and a bay leaf reduced over medium heat until rather syrupy. A third type, <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kecap ikan</i></span>, meaning "fish <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kecap</i></span>" is <a href="/wiki/Fish_sauce" title="Fish sauce">fish sauce</a> similar to the <a href="/wiki/Thai_cuisine" title="Thai cuisine">Thai</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Nam_pla" class="mw-redirect" title="Nam pla">nam pla</a></i> or the <a href="/wiki/Philippine_cuisine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philippine cuisine">Philippine</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Patis_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patis (sauce)">patis</a></i>. It is not, however, soy-based. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European-Arabic_theory">European-Arabic theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: European-Arabic theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>American anthropologist E. N. Anderson relies on Elizabeth David to claim that <i>ketchup</i> is a <a href="/wiki/Cognate" title="Cognate">cognate</a> of the French <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">escaveche</i></span>, meaning "food in sauce".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The word also exists in Spanish and Portuguese forms as <i><a href="/wiki/Escabeche" title="Escabeche">escabeche</a></i>, "a sauce for pickling", which culinary historian Karen Hess traced back to Arabic <span title="Arabic-language text"><i lang="ar-Latn">kabees</i></span>, or "pickling with vinegar". The term was anglicized to <i>caveach</i>, a word first attested in the late 17th century, at the same time as <i>ketchup</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-pureketchup_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pureketchup-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_uses_in_English">Early uses in English</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Early uses in English"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blue_Label_Ketchup,_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Blue_Label_Ketchup%2C_1898.jpg/170px-Blue_Label_Ketchup%2C_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Blue_Label_Ketchup%2C_1898.jpg/255px-Blue_Label_Ketchup%2C_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Blue_Label_Ketchup%2C_1898.jpg/340px-Blue_Label_Ketchup%2C_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Blue Label Tomato Ketchup advertisement, Curtice Brothers, 1898</figcaption></figure> <p>The word entered the <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English language</a> in Britain during the late 17th century, appearing in print as <i>catchup</i> (1690) and later as <i>ketchup</i> (1711). The following is a list of early quotations collected by the <i><a href="/wiki/Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="Oxford English Dictionary">Oxford English Dictionary</a></i>. </p> <ul><li>1690, B. E., <i><a href="/wiki/A_New_Dictionary_of_the_Terms_Ancient_and_Modern_of_the_Canting_Crew" title="A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew">A New Dictionary of the Terms Ancient and Modern of the Canting Crew</a></i> <ul><li>"Catchup: a high East-India Sauce."</li></ul></li> <li>1711, Charles Lockyer, <i>An Account of the Trade in India</i> 128 <ul><li>"Soy comes in Tubbs from Japan, and the best Ketchup from <a href="/wiki/Tonkin" title="Tonkin">Tonquin</a>; yet good of both sorts are made and sold very cheap in China."</li></ul></li> <li>1727, <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Smith_(writer)" title="Eliza Smith (writer)">Eliza Smith</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Compleat_Housewife,_or,_Accomplish%27d_Gentlewoman%27s_Companion" class="mw-redirect" title="The Compleat Housewife, or, Accomplish'd Gentlewoman's Companion">The Compleat Housewife, or, Accomplish'd Gentlewoman's Companion</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-JASNA_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JASNA-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>The first published recipe: it included mushrooms, anchovies and horseradish.</li></ul></li> <li>1730, <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Swift" title="Jonathan Swift">Jonathan Swift</a>, <i>A Panegyrick on the Dean</i> Wks. 1755 IV. I. 142 <ul><li>"And, for our home-bred British cheer, Botargo, catsup, and caveer."</li></ul></li> <li>1748, Sarah Harrison, <i>The Housekeeper's Pocket-Book and Compleat Family Cook</i>. i. (ed. 4) 2, <ul><li>"I therefore advise you to lay in a Store of Spices, ... neither ought you to be without ... Kitchup, or Mushroom Juice."</li></ul></li> <li>1751, Mrs. Hannah Glasse, <i>Cookery Bk</i>. 309 <ul><li>"It will taste like foreign Catchup."</li></ul></li> <li>1817, <a href="/wiki/Lord_Byron" title="Lord Byron">Lord Byron</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Beppo_(poem)" title="Beppo (poem)">Beppo</a></i> viii, <ul><li>"Walk or ride to the Strand, and buy in gross ... Ketchup, Soy, Chili-vinegar, and Harvey ..."</li></ul></li> <li>1832, <i>Vegetable Substances Used for the Food of Man</i> 333 <ul><li>"One ... application of mushrooms is ... converting them into the sauce called Catsup."</li></ul></li> <li>1840, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Barnaby_Rudge" title="Barnaby Rudge">Barnaby Rudge</a></i> (1849) 91/1 <ul><li>"Some lamb chops (breaded, with plenty of ketchup)."</li></ul></li> <li>1845, <a href="/wiki/Eliza_Acton" title="Eliza Acton">Eliza Acton</a>, <i>Modern Cookery</i> v. (1850) 136 (L.) <ul><li>"Walnut catsup."</li></ul></li> <li>1862, <i>Macmillan's Magazine</i>. Oct. 466 <ul><li>"He found in mothery catsup a number of yellowish globular bodies."</li></ul></li> <li>1874, Mordecai C. Cooke, <i>Fungi; Their Nature, Influence and Uses</i> 89 <ul><li>"One important use to which several ... fungi can be applied, is the manufacture of ketchup."</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Composition">Composition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Composition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>U.S. Heinz tomato ketchup's ingredients (listed from highest to lowest percentage weight) are: <a href="/wiki/Tomato_paste" title="Tomato paste">tomato concentrate</a> from red ripe tomatoes, <a href="/wiki/Vinegar#Spirits" title="Vinegar">distilled vinegar</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-fructose_corn_syrup" title="High-fructose corn syrup">high-fructose corn syrup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corn_syrup" title="Corn syrup">corn syrup</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salt" title="Salt">salt</a>, spice, onion powder, and natural flavoring.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""Fancy"_ketchup"><span id=".22Fancy.22_ketchup"></span>"Fancy" ketchup</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: "Fancy" ketchup"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Some ketchup in the U.S. is labeled "Fancy", a <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a> grade related to <a href="/wiki/Specific_gravity" class="mw-redirect" title="Specific gravity">specific gravity</a>. Fancy ketchup has a higher tomato solid concentration than other USDA grades.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>USDA ketchup grades </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Grade </th> <th>Specific gravity </th> <th>Total solids </th></tr> <tr> <td>Fancy </td> <td>1.15 </td> <td>33% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Extra Standard </td> <td>1.13 </td> <td>29% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Standard </td> <td>1.11 </td> <td>25% </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nutrition">Nutrition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Nutrition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The following table compares the nutritional value of ketchup with raw ripe tomatoes and <a href="/wiki/Salsa_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (sauce)">salsa</a>, based on information from the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Agriculture" title="United States Department of Agriculture">USDA</a> Food Nutrient Database.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nutrient<br />(per 100 g) </th> <th>Ketchup </th> <th>Low-<a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">sodium</a><br />ketchup </th> <th>Tomatoes,<br />year-round </th> <th>USDA commodity<br />salsa </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Food_energy" title="Food energy">Energy</a> </td> <td>419 kJ<br />100 <a href="/wiki/Calorie" title="Calorie">kcal</a> </td> <td>435 kJ<br />104 kcal </td> <td>75 kJ<br />18 kcal </td> <td>150 kJ<br />36 kcal </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Water_(molecule)" class="mw-redirect" title="Water (molecule)">Water</a> </td> <td>68.33 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a> </td> <td>66.58 g </td> <td>94.50 g </td> <td>89.70 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Protein_(nutrient)" title="Protein (nutrient)">Protein</a> </td> <td>1.74 g </td> <td>1.52 g </td> <td>0.88 g </td> <td>1.50 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Fat" title="Fat">Fats</a> </td> <td>0.49 g </td> <td>0.36 g </td> <td>0.20 g </td> <td>0.20 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Carbohydrates" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbohydrates">Carbohydrates</a> </td> <td>25.78 g </td> <td>27.28 g </td> <td>3.92 g </td> <td>7.00 g </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sodium" title="Sodium">Sodium</a> </td> <td>1110 <a href="/wiki/Milligram" class="mw-redirect" title="Milligram">mg</a> </td> <td>20 mg </td> <td>5 mg </td> <td>430 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_C" title="Vitamin C">Vitamin C</a> </td> <td>15.1 mg </td> <td>15.1 mg </td> <td>12.7 mg </td> <td>4 mg </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Lycopene" title="Lycopene">Lycopene</a> </td> <td>17.0 mg </td> <td>19.0 mg </td> <td>2.6 mg </td> <td>n/a </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Viscosity">Viscosity</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Viscosity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2008-11-12_Russell_pouring_ketchup_at_Elmo%27s_Diner.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/2008-11-12_Russell_pouring_ketchup_at_Elmo%27s_Diner.jpg/170px-2008-11-12_Russell_pouring_ketchup_at_Elmo%27s_Diner.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/2008-11-12_Russell_pouring_ketchup_at_Elmo%27s_Diner.jpg/255px-2008-11-12_Russell_pouring_ketchup_at_Elmo%27s_Diner.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d8/2008-11-12_Russell_pouring_ketchup_at_Elmo%27s_Diner.jpg 2x" data-file-width="296" data-file-height="384" /></a><figcaption>Transferring ketchup between plastic bottles</figcaption></figure> <p>Commercial tomato ketchup has an additive, usually <a href="/wiki/Xanthan_gum" title="Xanthan gum">xanthan gum</a>, which gives the condiment a <a href="/wiki/Non-Newtonian" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-Newtonian">non-Newtonian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudoplastic" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudoplastic">pseudoplastic</a> or "shear thinning" property—more commonly known as <a href="/wiki/Thixotropy" title="Thixotropy">thixotropy</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This increases the viscosity of the ketchup considerably with a relatively small amount added—usually 0.5%—which can make it difficult to pour from a container. However, the shear thinning property of the gum ensures that when a force is applied to the ketchup, it will lower the viscosity, enabling the sauce to flow. A common method of getting ketchup out of the bottle involves inverting the bottle and shaking it or hitting the bottom with the heel of the hand, which causes the ketchup to flow rapidly. Ketchup in plastic bottles can be additionally manipulated by squeezing the bottle, which also decreases the viscosity of the ketchup inside. Another technique involves inverting the bottle and forcefully tapping its upper neck with two fingers (index and middle finger together). Specifically, with a <a href="/wiki/Heinz_Tomato_Ketchup" title="Heinz Tomato Ketchup">Heinz ketchup</a> glass bottle, one taps the 57 circle on the neck. This helps the ketchup flow by applying the correct shearing force.<sup id="cite_ref-HowToPourKetchup_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HowToPourKetchup-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These techniques work because of how pseudoplastic fluids behave: their <a href="/wiki/Viscosity" title="Viscosity">viscosity</a> (resistance to flow) decreases with increasing shear rate. The faster the ketchup is sheared (by shaking or tapping the bottle), the more fluid it becomes. After the shear is removed, the ketchup thickens to its original viscosity. </p><p>Ketchup is a <a href="/wiki/Non-Newtonian_fluid" title="Non-Newtonian fluid">non-Newtonian fluid</a>, meaning that its viscosity changes under stress and is not constant. It is a shear thinning fluid, which means its viscosity decreases with increased shear stress.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The equation used to designate a non-Newtonian fluid is as follows: <span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \eta =\tau /{\dot {y}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>η</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>τ</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>/</mo> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mover> <mi>y</mi> <mo>˙</mo> </mover> </mrow> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \eta =\tau /{\dot {y}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1f65f3eef4877cd3cd2ad5da3fb6f0b9318e8dcf" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; width:7.934ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \eta =\tau /{\dot {y}}}"></span>. This equation represents <a href="/wiki/Apparent_viscosity" title="Apparent viscosity">apparent viscosity</a> where apparent viscosity is the <a href="/wiki/Shear_stress" title="Shear stress">shear stress</a> divided by <a href="/wiki/Shear_rate" title="Shear rate">shear rate</a>. Viscosity is dependent on stress. This is apparent when you shake a bottle of tomato sauce/ketchup so it becomes liquid enough to squirt out. Its viscosity decreases with stress.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dilatant-pseudoplastic.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6e/Dilatant-pseudoplastic.svg/220px-Dilatant-pseudoplastic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6e/Dilatant-pseudoplastic.svg/330px-Dilatant-pseudoplastic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/6e/Dilatant-pseudoplastic.svg/440px-Dilatant-pseudoplastic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="270" /></a><figcaption>Graph representation of the three main fluid viscosity categories</figcaption></figure> <p>The molecular composition of ketchup is what creates its <a href="/wiki/Shear_thinning" title="Shear thinning">pseudoplastic</a> characteristics. Small polysaccharides, sugars, acids, and water make up the majority of the metastable ketchup product, and these small structures are able to move more easily throughout a matrix because of their low mass. While exposed to shear stress, the molecules within the suspension are able to respond quickly and create an alignment within the product.<sup id="cite_ref-Coupland_2014_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coupland_2014-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bonds between the molecules are mostly hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, and electrostatic interactions, all of which can be broken when subject to stress. <a href="/wiki/Hydrogen_bond" title="Hydrogen bond">Hydrogen bonds</a> are constantly rearranging within a product due to their need to be in the lowest energy state, which further confirms that the bonds between the molecules will be easily disrupted. This alignment only lasts for as long as shear stress is applied. The molecules return to their original disorganized state once the shear stress dissipates.<sup id="cite_ref-Coupland_2014_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coupland_2014-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2017, researchers at the <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts_Institute_of_Technology" title="Massachusetts Institute of Technology">Massachusetts Institute of Technology</a> reported the development of a bottle coating that allowed all the product to slip out without leaving a residue.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, researchers at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> found that splatter from a near-empty bottle can be prevented by squeezing more slowly and doubling the diameter of the nozzle.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Separation">Separation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Separation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ketchup is one of the many products that are leachable, meaning that the water within the product migrates together as the larger molecules within the product sediment, ultimately causing water to separate out. This forms a layer of water on top of the ketchup due to the molecular instability within the product.<sup id="cite_ref-Vilgis1893_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilgis1893-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This instability is caused by interactions between hydrophobic molecules and charged molecules within the ketchup suspension. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Pectin" title="Pectin">Pectin</a> is a polysaccharide within tomatoes that has the ability to bind to itself and to other molecules, especially water, around it. This enables it to create a gel-like matrix, dependent on the amount within the solution. Water is a large part of ketchup, due to it being 80% of the composition of distilled vinegar. In order for the water within the ketchup to be at the lowest possible energy state, all of the hydrogen bonds that are able to be made within the matrix must be made.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The water bound to the polysaccharide moves more slowly within the matrix, which is unfavorable with respect to <a href="/wiki/Entropy" title="Entropy">entropy</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vilgis1893_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vilgis1893-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The increased order within the polysaccharide-water complex gives rise to a high-energy state, in which the water will want to be relieved. This concept implies that water will more favorably bind with itself because of the increased disorder between water molecules. This is partially the cause for water leaching out of solution when left undisturbed for a short period of time. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Foodlogo2.svg/64px-Foodlogo2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="146" data-file-height="106" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Food" title="Portal:Food">Food portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_ketchup" title="Banana ketchup">Banana ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_ketchup" title="Curry ketchup">Curry ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_ketchup" title="Fruit ketchup">Fruit ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heinz_Tomato_Ketchup" title="Heinz Tomato Ketchup">Heinz Tomato Ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketchup_as_a_vegetable" title="Ketchup as a vegetable">Ketchup as a vegetable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dip_(food)#List_of_common_dips" class="mw-redirect" title="Dip (food)">List of dips</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_condiments" title="List of condiments">List of condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_tomato_dishes" title="List of tomato dishes">List of tomato dishes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustard (condiment)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkemali" title="Tkemali">Tkemali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelf_stable_food" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelf stable food">Shelf stable food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_jam" title="Tomato jam">Tomato jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_paste" title="Tomato paste">Tomato paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_pur%C3%A9e" title="Tomato purée">Tomato purée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">Tomato sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fry_sauce" title="Fry sauce">Fry sauce</a></li></ul> </div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-npr-sept-2019-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-npr-sept-2019_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFCharles2019" class="citation web cs1">Charles, Dan (2 September 2019). <a 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Ketchup%3A+A+Saucy+History&rft.date=2012-07-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fnews%2Fhungry-history%2Fketchup-a-saucy-history&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ecologist-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ecologist_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomas2010" class="citation web cs1">Thomas, Pat (23 November 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140714111029/http://www.theecologist.org/green_green_living/behind_the_label/686422/behind_the_label_tomato_ketchup.html">"Behind the Label: Tomato Ketchup"</a>. <i>The Ecologist</i>. 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Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. p. 56. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-78645332-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-78645332-0"><bdi>978-0-78645332-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.+J.+Heinz%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-78645332-0&rft.aulast=Skrabec&rft.aufirst=Quentin+R.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPxqCy0R-VzAC%26pg%3DPA56&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSkrabec2009" class="citation book cs1">Skrabec, Quentin R. 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Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Co. p. 57. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-78645332-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-78645332-0"><bdi>978-0-78645332-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=H.+J.+Heinz%3A+A+Biography&rft.place=Jefferson%2C+NC&rft.pages=57&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Co.&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-78645332-0&rft.aulast=Skrabec&rft.aufirst=Quentin+R.+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPxqCy0R-VzAC%26pg%3DPA57&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110720090200/http://www.heinz.com/our-company/about-heinz/history.aspx">"Heinz - History"</a>. <i>Heinz</i>. 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New York: Penguin Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-017843-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-017843-2"><bdi>978-0-14-017843-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Primal+Cheeseburger&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-14-017843-2&rft.aulast=Rozin&rft.aufirst=Elisabeth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df8HfAAAAMAAJ%26q%3DThe%2BPrimal%2BCheeseburger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110613041908/http://www.tomatogardeningguru.com/history.html">"Tomato History: From Poison to Obsession"</a>. <i>TomatoGardeningGuru.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tomatogardeningguru.com/history.html">the original</a> on 13 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 May</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=TomatoGardeningGuru.com&rft.atitle=Tomato+History%3A+From+Poison+to+Obsession&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tomatogardeningguru.com%2Fhistory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Retro_Food_Fiascos:_A_Collection_of_Curious_Concoctions-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Retro_Food_Fiascos:_A_Collection_of_Curious_Concoctions_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCasey2004" class="citation book cs1">Casey, Kathy (2004). <i>Retro Food Fiascos: A Collection of Curious Concoctions</i>. Portland: Collectors Press. p. 128. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-888054-88-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-888054-88-0"><bdi>978-1-888054-88-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Retro+Food+Fiascos%3A+A+Collection+of+Curious+Concoctions&rft.place=Portland&rft.pages=128&rft.pub=Collectors+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-888054-88-0&rft.aulast=Casey&rft.aufirst=Kathy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantich2012" class="citation book cs1">Santich, Barbara (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RkHKFAzc_5AC&pg=PA245"><i>Bold Palates: Australia's Gastronomic Heritage</i></a>. Kent Town, South Australia: Wakefield Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-74305-094-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-74305-094-1"><bdi>978-1-74305-094-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bold+Palates%3A+Australia%27s+Gastronomic+Heritage&rft.place=Kent+Town%2C+South+Australia&rft.pub=Wakefield+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-74305-094-1&rft.aulast=Santich&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRkHKFAzc_5AC%26pg%3DPA245&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.steric.com.au/the-difference-between-tomato-ketchup-and-tomato-sauce/">"The difference between tomato ketchup and tomato sauce"</a>. <i>Steric</i>. 6 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Steric&rft.atitle=The+difference+between+tomato+ketchup+and+tomato+sauce&rft.date=2022-01-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.steric.com.au%2Fthe-difference-between-tomato-ketchup-and-tomato-sauce%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2013" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Andrew F. (2013). <i>The Oxford Encyclopedia of Food and Drink in America</i> (2nd ed.). New York, New York: Oxford University Press. p. 54. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973496-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973496-2"><bdi>978-0-19-973496-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Encyclopedia+of+Food+and+Drink+in+America&rft.place=New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=54&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-19-973496-2&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGladwell2009" class="citation book cs1">Gladwell, Malcolm (2009). <i>What the Dog Saw and Other Adventure Stories</i>. New York: Little, Brown & Co. p. 41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+the+Dog+Saw+and+Other+Adventure+Stories&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=41&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+%26+Co.&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Gladwell&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Andrew F. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=e82QWB89_sIC"><i>The Tomato in America: Early History, Culture, and Cookery</i></a>. Urbana: University of Illinois Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-252-07009-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-252-07009-7"><bdi>0-252-07009-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tomato+in+America%3A+Early+History%2C+Culture%2C+and+Cookery&rft.place=Urbana&rft.pub=University+of+Illinois+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0-252-07009-7&rft.aulast=Smith&rft.aufirst=Andrew+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3De82QWB89_sIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nassauer-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Nassauer_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNassauer2011" class="citation web cs1">Nassauer, Sarah (19 September 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424053111904194604576578691502178606">"Old Ketchup Packet Heads for Trash"</a>. <i>The Wall Street Journal</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 October</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=Old+Ketchup+Packet+Heads+for+Trash&rft.date=2011-09-19&rft.aulast=Nassauer&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2FSB10001424053111904194604576578691502178606&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230417184639/https://usatoday30.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2003-04-07-blue-ketchup_x.htm">"Heinz Unveils New Blue Ketchup"</a>. <i>USAToday.com</i>. Associated Press. 7 April 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/money/industries/food/2003-04-07-blue-ketchup_x.htm">the original</a> on 17 April 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=USAToday.com&rft.atitle=Heinz+Unveils+New+Blue+Ketchup&rft.date=2003-04-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fmoney%2Findustries%2Ffood%2F2003-04-07-blue-ketchup_x.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081120231953/http://www.heinz.com/Consumer_faq.aspx">"Consumer FAQs"</a>. <i>Heinz</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.heinz.com/Consumer_faq.aspx">the original</a> on 20 November 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Heinz&rft.atitle=Consumer+FAQs&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.heinz.com%2FConsumer_faq.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diffen.com/difference/Catsup_vs_Ketchup">"Catsup vs Ketchup"</a>. <i>Diffen</i>. July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Diffen&rft.atitle=Catsup+vs+Ketchup&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diffen.com%2Fdifference%2FCatsup_vs_Ketchup&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-De_Kleine-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-De_Kleine_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDe_Kleine2009" class="citation book cs1">De Kleine, John (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gKL_QKDfK84C&pg=PA477"><i>Lots of Fat and Taste Recipes</i></a>. Xlibris Corporation. p. 477. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4415-3096-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4415-3096-7"><bdi>978-1-4415-3096-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lots+of+Fat+and+Taste+Recipes&rft.pages=477&rft.pub=Xlibris+Corporation&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-4415-3096-7&rft.aulast=De+Kleine&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgKL_QKDfK84C%26pg%3DPA477&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pureketchup-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pureketchup_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-pureketchup_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith2001" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Andrew F. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 March</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Slippery+Bottle+Solves+Ketchup+Problem&rft.date=2017-02-22&rft.aulast=Ghosh&rft.aufirst=Pallab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fscience-environment-39030055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/science/2022/11/the-physics-of-keeping-those-last-bits-of-ketchup-from-splattering/">"Oxford scientists crack case of why ketchup splatters from near-empty bottle"</a>. 24 November 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Oxford+scientists+crack+case+of+why+ketchup+splatters+from+near-empty+bottle&rft.date=2022-11-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fscience%2F2022%2F11%2Fthe-physics-of-keeping-those-last-bits-of-ketchup-from-splattering%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vilgis1893-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vilgis1893_46-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vilgis1893_46-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVilgis1893" class="citation book cs1">Vilgis, T. (1893). "Nineteen: "Ketchup as Tasty Soft Matter"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>The Kitchen as Laboratory: Reflections on the Science of Food and Cooking</i>. New York: Columbia University Press. pp. 142–145.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nineteen%3A+%22Ketchup+as+Tasty+Soft+Matter%22&rft.btitle=The+Kitchen+as+Laboratory%3A+Reflections+on+the+Science+of+Food+and+Cooking&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=142-145&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1893&rft.aulast=Vilgis&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJournelDeutsch1993" class="citation journal cs1">Journel, André G.; Deutsch, Clayton V. (1993). "Entropy and Spatial Disorder". <i>Mathematical Geology</i>. <b>25</b> (3): 329–355. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1993MatGe..25..329J">1993MatGe..25..329J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2FBF00901422">10.1007/BF00901422</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:122572917">122572917</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mathematical+Geology&rft.atitle=Entropy+and+Spatial+Disorder&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=329-355&rft.date=1993&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A122572917%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2FBF00901422&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1993MatGe..25..329J&rft.aulast=Journel&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9+G.&rft.au=Deutsch%2C+Clayton+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeissmann2015" class="citation news cs1">Weissmann, Dan (11 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marketplace.org/topics/business/ive-always-wondered/why-are-ketchup-packets-so-unsatisfying">"Why Are Ketchup Packets So… Unsatisfying?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Marketplace_(radio_program)" title="Marketplace (radio program)">Marketplace</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">American Public Media</a>. I've Always Wondered… (story series)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Marketplace&rft.atitle=Why+Are+Ketchup+Packets+So%E2%80%A6+Unsatisfying%3F&rft.date=2015-05-11&rft.aulast=Weissmann&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.marketplace.org%2Ftopics%2Fbusiness%2Five-always-wondered%2Fwhy-are-ketchup-packets-so-unsatisfying&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AKetchup" class="Z3988"></span> On the origin of the 9 <a href="/wiki/Gram" title="Gram">g</a> ketchup packet.</li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ketchup&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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class="extiw" title="wiktionary:Special:Search/ketchup">ketchup</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikiquote-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/13px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="13" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/20px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/27px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span> Quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Ketchup" class="extiw" title="wikiquote:Special:Search/Ketchup">Ketchup</a> at Wikiquote</li></ul> <p><br /> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kewpie_(mayonnaise)" title="Kewpie (mayonnaise)">Kewpie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kielecki_Mayonnaise" title="Kielecki Mayonnaise">Kielecki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracle_Whip" title="Miracle Whip">Miracle Whip</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mignonette_sauce" title="Mignonette sauce">Mignonette sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_sauce" title="Mild sauce">Mild sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkey_gland_sauce" title="Monkey gland sauce">Monkey gland sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mumbo_sauce" title="Mumbo sauce">Mumbo sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oyster_sauce" title="Oyster sauce">Oyster sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peanut_sauce" title="Peanut sauce">Peanut sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pear%C3%A0" title="Pearà">Pearà</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pesto" title="Pesto">Pesto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pistou" title="Pistou">Pistou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Remoulade" title="Remoulade">Remoulade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_golf" title="Salsa golf">Salsa golf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_verde" title="Salsa verde">Salsa verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsivi" title="Satsivi">Satsivi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steak_sauce" title="Steak sauce">Steak sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartar_sauce" title="Tartar sauce">Tartar sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tatbila" title="Tatbila">Tatbila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teriyaki" title="Teriyaki">Teriyaki sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiparos" title="Tiparos">Tiparos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tkemali" title="Tkemali">Tkemali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_sauce" title="Tomato sauce">Tomato sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincotto" title="Vincotto">Vincotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XO_sauce" title="XO sauce">XO sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%80_la_zingara" title="À la zingara">Zingara sauce</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="13" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Condiments"><img alt="Condiments" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/128px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg" decoding="async" width="128" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/192px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg/256px-Different_ketchup_in_a_plate_122425.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dipping_sauce" title="Dipping sauce">Dips</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajika" title="Ajika">Ajika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baba_ghanoush" title="Baba ghanoush">Baba ghanoush</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile_con_queso" title="Chile con queso">Chile con queso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duck_sauce" title="Duck sauce">Duck sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duqqa" title="Duqqa">Duqqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garlic_chive_flower_sauce" title="Garlic chive flower sauce">Garlic chive flower sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guacamole" title="Guacamole">Guacamole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogao" title="Hogao">Hogao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_dill" title="Honey dill">Honey dill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hummus" title="Hummus">Hummus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammara" title="Muhammara">Muhammara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_chim" title="Nam chim">Nam chim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nam_phrik" title="Nam phrik">Nam phrik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Bc_ch%E1%BA%A5m" title="Nước chấm">Nước chấm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyronnes" title="Skyronnes">Skyronnes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_chili_sauce" title="Sweet chili sauce">Sweet chili sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toum" title="Toum">Toum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzatziki" title="Tzatziki">Tzatziki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zhug" class="mw-redirect" title="Zhug">Zhug</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pickles and <br />preserves</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amba_(condiment)" title="Amba (condiment)">Amba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atchara" title="Atchara">Atchara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheong_(food)" title="Cheong (food)">Cheong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chutney" title="Chutney">Chutney</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Green_mango_chutney" title="Green mango chutney">Green mango chutney</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtido" title="Curtido">Curtido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Encurtido" title="Encurtido">Encurtido</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_preserves" title="Fruit preserves">Fruit preserves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gari_(ginger)" title="Gari (ginger)">Gari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horseradish" title="Horseradish">Horseradish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ljutenica" class="mw-redirect" title="Ljutenica">Ljutenica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepper_jelly" title="Pepper jelly">Pepper jelly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piccalilli" title="Piccalilli">Piccalilli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_cucumber" title="Pickled cucumber">Pickled cucumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickled_fruit" title="Pickled fruit">Pickled fruit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relish" title="Relish">Relish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chicago-style_relish" title="Chicago-style relish">Chicago-style relish</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">Sauerkraut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kimchi" title="Kimchi">Kimchi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sumbala" class="mw-redirect" title="Sumbala">Sumbala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taba_ng_talangka" title="Taba ng talangka">Taba ng talangka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tomato_jam" title="Tomato jam">Tomato jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watermelon_rind_preserves" title="Watermelon rind preserves">Watermelon rind preserves</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spreads and pastes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ajvar" title="Ajvar">Ajvar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anchovy_paste" title="Anchovy paste">Anchovy paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bagoong" title="Bagoong">Bagoong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sal%C3%A7a" title="Salça">Biber salçası</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beurre_Ma%C3%AEtre_d%27H%C3%B4tel" title="Beurre Maître d'Hôtel">Beurre Maître d'Hôtel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chili_paste" class="mw-redirect" title="Chili paste">Chili paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrain" title="Chrain">Chrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coconut_jam" title="Coconut jam">Coconut jam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste" title="Fish paste">Fish paste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gochujang" title="Gochujang">Gochujang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liver_spread" title="Liver spread">Liver spread</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kyopolou" title="Kyopolou">Kyopolou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maafe" class="mw-redirect" title="Maafe">Maafe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malidzano" title="Malidzano">Malidzano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meat_extract" title="Meat extract">Meat extract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bovril" title="Bovril">Bovril</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murri_(condiment)" title="Murri (condiment)">Murri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nut_butter" title="Nut butter">Nut butter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palapa_(condiment)" title="Palapa (condiment)">Palapa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pindjur" title="Pindjur">Pindjur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roe" title="Roe">Roe</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caviar" title="Caviar">Caviar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahawiq" title="Sahawiq">Sahawiq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tapai" title="Tapai">Tapai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wasabi#As_condiment" title="Wasabi">Wasabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeast_extract" title="Yeast extract">Yeast extract</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marmite" title="Marmite">Marmite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vegemite" title="Vegemite">Vegemite</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacusc%C4%83" title="Zacuscă">Zacuscă</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oils and liquids</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chili_oil" title="Chili oil">Chili oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halford_Leicestershire_Table_Sauce" title="Halford Leicestershire Table Sauce">Halford Leicestershire Table Sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_oil" title="Mustard oil">Mustard oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olive_oil" title="Olive oil">Olive oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patis_(sauce)" class="mw-redirect" title="Patis (sauce)">Patis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perilla_oil" title="Perilla oil">Perilla oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ponzu" title="Ponzu">Ponzu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmoriglio" title="Salmoriglio">Salmoriglio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sesame_oil" title="Sesame oil">Sesame oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soy_sauce" title="Soy sauce">Soy sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soup_soy_sauce" title="Soup soy sauce">Soup soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sweet_soy_sauce" title="Sweet soy sauce">Sweet soy sauce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyomansi" class="mw-redirect" title="Toyomansi">Toyomansi</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrup" title="Syrup">Syrup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worcestershire_sauce" title="Worcestershire sauce">Worcestershire sauce</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tonkatsu_sauce" title="Tonkatsu sauce">Tonkatsu sauce</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Spices and powders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/As%C3%ADn_tibuok" title="Asín tibuok">Asín tibuok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipotle" title="Chipotle">Chipotle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crushed_red_pepper" title="Crushed red pepper">Crushed red pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gomashio" title="Gomashio">Gomashio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSG" class="mw-redirect" title="MSG">MSG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nutritional_yeast" title="Nutritional yeast">Nutritional yeast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paprika" title="Paprika">Paprika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Popcorn_seasoning" title="Popcorn seasoning">Popcorn seasoning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_pepper" title="Salt and pepper">Salt and pepper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tekka" title="Tekka">Tekka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Za%27atar" title="Za'atar">Za'atar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Salads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carolina_style" title="Carolina style">Carolina style</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleslaw" title="Coleslaw">Coleslaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachumbari" title="Kachumbari">Kachumbari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kachumber" title="Kachumber">Kachumber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_(Mexican_cuisine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salsa (Mexican cuisine)">Salsa</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pico_de_gallo" title="Pico de gallo">Pico de gallo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salsa_criolla" title="Salsa criolla">Salsa criolla</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Salad_dressing" title="Salad dressing">Dressings</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blue_cheese_dressing" title="Blue cheese dressing">Blue cheese dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_dressing" title="French dressing">French dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginger_dressing" title="Ginger dressing">Ginger dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_goddess_dressing" title="Green goddess dressing">Green goddess dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_dressing" title="Italian dressing">Italian dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_dressing" title="Louis dressing">Louis dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayfair_salad_dressing" title="Mayfair salad dressing">Mayfair salad dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranch_dressing" title="Ranch dressing">Ranch dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_dressing" title="Russian dressing">Russian dressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salad_cream" title="Salad cream">Salad cream</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tahini_sauce" class="mw-redirect" title="Tahini sauce">Tahini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousand_Island_dressing" title="Thousand Island dressing">Thousand Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vinaigrette" title="Vinaigrette">Vinaigrette</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wafu_dressing" title="Wafu dressing">Wafu dressing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Ketchups</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_ketchup" title="Banana ketchup">Banana ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curry_ketchup" title="Curry ketchup">Curry ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_ketchup" title="Fruit ketchup">Fruit ketchup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mushroom_ketchup" title="Mushroom ketchup">Mushroom ketchup</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)" title="Mustard (condiment)">Mustards</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dijon_mustard" title="Dijon mustard">Dijon mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honey_mustard" class="mw-redirect" title="Honey mustard">Honey mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karashi" title="Karashi">Karashi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kasundi" title="Kasundi">Kasundi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mostarda" title="Mostarda">Mostarda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Spicy_brown/deli-style_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Spicy brown mustard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Creole_mustard" title="Creole mustard">Creole mustard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#Sweet_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Sweet mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tecuci" title="Tecuci">Tecuci mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tewkesbury_mustard" title="Tewkesbury mustard">Tewkesbury mustard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turun_sinappi" title="Turun sinappi">Turun sinappi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mustard_(condiment)#American/yellow_mustard" title="Mustard (condiment)">Yellow mustard</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vinegar" title="Vinegar">Vinegars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apple_cider_vinegar" title="Apple cider vinegar">Apple cider vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar" title="Balsamic vinegar">Balsamic vinegar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balsamic_vinegar_of_Modena" title="Balsamic vinegar of Modena">Balsamic vinegar of Modena</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_vinegar" title="Black vinegar">Black vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaong_palm_vinegar" title="Kaong palm vinegar">Kaong palm vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_vinegar" class="mw-redirect" title="Malt vinegar">Malt vinegar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nipa_palm_vinegar" title="Nipa palm vinegar">Nipa palm vinegar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">List articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_accompaniments_to_french_fries" title="List of accompaniments to french fries">Accompaniments to french fries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_brand_name_condiments" title="List of brand name condiments">Brand name condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_chutneys" title="List of chutneys">Chutneys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_paste#Traditional_pastes" title="Fish paste">Fish pastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_fish_sauces" title="List of fish sauces">Fish sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indian_condiments" title="List of Indian condiments">Indian condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Indonesian_condiments" title="List of Indonesian condiments">Indonesian condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_condiments" title="List of Japanese condiments">Japanese condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mayonnaises" title="List of mayonnaises">Mayonnaises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mustard_brands" title="List of mustard brands">Mustard brands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hot_sauces" title="List of hot sauces">Hot sauces</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Pakistani_condiments" title="List of Pakistani condiments">Pakistani condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_condiments" title="Philippine condiments">Philippine condiments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pickled_foods" title="List of pickled foods">Pickled foods</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Accoutrements</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cruet-stand" title="Cruet-stand">Cruet-stand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sachet_(scented_bag)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sachet (scented bag)">Sachet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salt_and_pepper_shakers" title="Salt and pepper shakers">Salt and pepper shakers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squeeze_bottle" title="Squeeze bottle">Squeeze bottle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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