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ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KITIN DARI LIMBAH UDANG | JURNAL SAINS NATURAL
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" xml:lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <title> ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KITIN DARI LIMBAH UDANG | JURNAL SAINS NATURAL </title> <link rel="icon" href="https://ejournalunb.ac.id/public/journals/2/favicon_en_US.png"> <meta name="generator" content="Open Journal Systems 3.3.0.12"> <meta name="google-site-verification" content="FnXpFP0CxoCW3kpkZuA-kC-RKV1DhgYUNPieBQ1EyOA" /> <link rel="schema.DC" href="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" /> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Mahyudin A. R"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Rahmat Yuliandri"/> <meta name="DC.Creator.PersonalName" content="Amry Syawaalz"/> <meta name="DC.Date.created" scheme="ISO8601" content="2017-11-25"/> <meta name="DC.Date.dateSubmitted" scheme="ISO8601" content="2017-11-25"/> <meta name="DC.Date.issued" scheme="ISO8601" content="2011-07-25"/> <meta name="DC.Date.modified" scheme="ISO8601" content="2023-11-29"/> <meta name="DC.Description" xml:lang="en" content="Isolation and Characterization of Chitin From Shrimp Waste          Chitin is a natural biopolymer that is widespread in nature and the second abundance only to cellulose organic compounds are available in the earth. In general, in nature chitin are not included in the free state, but binds to the protein, mineral and pigment in various animal skeletons group of arthropoda, annelida, mollusk, coelenterata, nematodes, insects, and some classes of fungi and the organic constituent part is very important. Average shrimp shell contains 25-40% protein, 40-50% CaCO3 and 15-20% chitin, but the magnitude of the component content is still dependent on species and habitats. Although chitin is widespread in nature, but the main source that can be utilized as a source of chitin is the use of shrimp waste. This is because the shrimp waste easily obtained in large quantities that can be produced commercially. The purpose of this study was to determine how the isolation of chitin from shrimp waste by chemical processes and their characterization and compare in detail the content of chitin found in the head, body and tail skin of the shrimp. In addition, to determine the effect of insulating phases of chitin to chitin produced. This study is an experimental research by isolation of chitin in the head, body and tail skin of the shrimp. In the early stages of shrimp waste preparation where the head and skin of the body and tail of each shrimp was separated, cleaned, dried, and milled. Chitin isolation process is done by two ways in which the first stage on the way deproteination done first and subsequent demineralization stages. While in the second stage of demineralization way done first, followed deproteination stage. In phase deproteinasi NaOH 1N solution with a ratio of 1: 10 (by weight of shrimp sample: NaOH 1N). This process was carried out at a temperature of 65oC for three hours. While in the process of demineralization using HCl 2N solution and soaked for 2 hours with a comparison between the shells samples with HCl used are 1: 15. After that just do the bleaching process. Each repetition of the way done twice. Research results show that the insulating phase difference of chitin used apparently affect the yield and ash content obtained, where the first way yield of chitin and ash content obtained was higher yield compared to the results obtained of the latter, while the drying process was done would affect water levels obtained. In the solubility test, partially chitin produced solved in LiCl or dimethylacetamide. Overall chitin obtained meet the requirements of the specification of commercial chitin. In addition, from the head, the skin of the body and the tail of shrimp the higest chitin content ever found was on the skin of the bodyKey words : Isolation, Characterization, Chitin, and Shrimp Waste ABSTRAK          Kitin adalah biopolimer alami yang tersebar luas di alam dan merupakan senyawa organik kedua setelah selulosa yang sangat melimpah di bumi. Pada umumnya kitin di alam tidak terdapat dalam keadaan bebas, akan tetapi berikatan dengan protein, mineral dan berbagai macam pigmen pada kerangka hewan golongan Arthropoda, Annelida, Molusca, Coelenterata, Nematoda, beberapa kelas serangga serta jamur dan merupakan bagian konstituen organik yang sangat penting. Rata-rata kulit udang mengandung 25-40% protein, 40-50% CaCO3 dan 15-20% kitin, tetapi besarnya kandungan komponen tersebut juga masih tergantung kepada spesies dan habitat. Walaupun kitin tersebar luas di alam, akan tetapi sumber utama yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kitin adalah penggunaan limbah udang. Hal ini dikarenakan limbah udang mudah diperoleh dalam jumlah banyak sehingga dapat diproduksi secara komersial.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cara isolasi kitin dari limbah udang dengan proses kimia beserta karakterisasinya dan membandingkan secara terperinci kandungan kitin yang terdapat pada bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari tahapan isolasi kitin terhadap kitin yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan melakukan isolasi kitin pada bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang. Pada tahap awal dilakukan preparasi limbah udang dimana bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang masing-masing dipisahkan dan dibersihkan, lalu dikeringkan dan digiling. Proses isolasi kitin dilakukan dengan dengan dua cara dimana pada cara pertama tahap deproteinasi dilakukan terlebih dahulu dan berikutnya tahap demineralisasi. Sementara pada cara kedua tahap demineralisasi dilakukan terlebih dahulu, lalu diikuti tahap deproteinasi. Pada tahap deproteinasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 1N dengan perbandingan 1 : 10 (berat sampel kulit udang : NaOH 1N). Proses ini dilakukan pada suhu 65oC selama tiga jam. Sementara pada proses demineralisasi menggunakan larutan HCl 2N dan direndam selama 2 jam dengan perbandingan antara sampel kulit udang dengan HCl yang digunakan adalah 1 : 15. Setelah itu baru dilakukan proses pemutihan. Masing-masing cara dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak dua kali. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tahap isolasi kitin yang digunakan ternyata berpengaruh terhadap rendemen hasil dan kadar abu yang didapatkan, dimana pada cara pertama rendemen hasil kitin dan kadar abu yang didapatkan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rendemen hasil yang didapatkan pada cara kedua, sedangkan proses pengeringan yang dilakukan akan berpengaruh terhadap kadar air yang didapatkan. Pada uji kelarutan, kitin yang dihasilkan larut sebagian dengan LiCl atau dimetilasetamida. Secara keseluruhan kitin yang diperoleh memenuhi persyaratan dari spesifikasi kitin niaga. Selain itu dari bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang kandungan kitin terbanyak terdapat pada kulit bagian badanKata kunci : Isolasi, karakterisasi, kitin, dan limbah udang"/> <meta name="DC.Format" scheme="IMT" content="application/pdf"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier" content="26"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.pageNumber" content="166-178"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.DOI" content="10.31938/jsn.v1i2.26"/> <meta name="DC.Identifier.URI" content="https://ejournalunb.ac.id/index.php/JSN/article/view/26"/> <meta name="DC.Language" scheme="ISO639-1" content="en"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="Copyright (c) 2017 Mahyudin A. R, Rahmat Yuliandri, Amry Syawaalz"/> <meta name="DC.Rights" content="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0"/> <meta name="DC.Source" content="JURNAL SAINS NATURAL"/> <meta name="DC.Source.ISSN" content="2621-508X"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Issue" content="2"/> <meta name="DC.Source.Volume" content="1"/> <meta name="DC.Source.URI" content="https://ejournalunb.ac.id/index.php/JSN"/> <meta name="DC.Title" content="ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KITIN DARI LIMBAH UDANG"/> <meta name="DC.Type" content="Text.Serial.Journal"/> <meta name="DC.Type.articleType" content="Research Articles"/> <meta name="gs_meta_revision" content="1.1"/> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="JURNAL SAINS NATURAL"/> <meta name="citation_journal_abbrev" content="J. Sains Nat."/> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2621-508X"/> <meta name="citation_author" content="Mahyudin A. 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class="wave"> <svg width="1920px" height="265px" viewBox="0 0 1920 265" version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <g id="Page-1" stroke="none" stroke-width="1" fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <g id="Apple-TV" transform="translate(0.000000, -402.000000)" fill="#FFFFFF"> <path d="M0,439.134243 C175.04074,464.89273 327.944386,477.771974 458.710937,477.771974 C654.860765,477.771974 870.645295,442.632362 1205.9828,410.192501 C1429.54114,388.565926 1667.54687,411.092417 1920,477.771974 L1920,667 L1017.15166,667 L0,667 L0,439.134243 Z" id="Path"></path> </g> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="container"> <div class="row align-items-center"> <div class="col-12"> <div class="row justify-content-center"> <div class="col-md-10 text-center hero-text"> <h1 data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="">ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KITIN DARI LIMBAH UDANG</h1> <p class="mb-5" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="100"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="page page_article"> <nav class="cmp_breadcrumbs" role="navigation" aria-label="You are here:"> <ol> <li> <a href="https://ejournalunb.ac.id/index.php/JSN/index"> Home </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://ejournalunb.ac.id/index.php/JSN/issue/archive"> Archives </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li> <a href="https://ejournalunb.ac.id/index.php/JSN/issue/view/4"> Vol. 1 No. 2 (2011): Sains Natural </a> <span class="separator">/</span> </li> <li class="current" aria-current="page"> <span aria-current="page"> Research Articles </span> </li> </ol> </nav> <article class="obj_article_details"> <div class="d-md-flex"> <div class="main_entry"> <section class="item"> <h3 class="page_title"> ISOLASI DAN KARAKTERISASI KITIN DARI LIMBAH UDANG </h3> </section> <section class="item authors"> <h2 class="pkp_screen_reader">Authors</h2> <ul class="authors"> <li> <span class="name"> Mahyudin A. R </span> <span class="affiliation"> Peneliti Teknologi Bioindustri BPPT, Jakarta </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Rahmat Yuliandri </span> </li> <li> <span class="name"> Amry Syawaalz </span> </li> </ul> </section> <section class="item doi"> <h2 class="label"> DOI: </h2> <span class="value"> <a href="https://doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v1i2.26"> https://doi.org/10.31938/jsn.v1i2.26 </a> </span> </section> <section class="item abstract"> <h4 class="_label">Abstract</h4> <p><strong><em>Isolation and</em></strong><strong><em> Characterization of Chitin From Shrimp Waste</em></strong></p><p><em>          Chitin is a natural biopolymer that is widespread in nature and the second abundance only to cellulose organic compounds are available in the earth. In general, in nature chitin are not included in the free state, but binds to the protein, mineral and pigment in various animal skeletons group of arthropoda, annelida, mollusk, coelenterata, nematodes, insects, and some classes of fungi and the organic constituent part is very important. Average shrimp shell contains 25-40% protein, 40-50% CaCO3 and 15-20% chitin, but the magnitude of the component content is still dependent on species and habitats. Although chitin is widespread in nature, but the main source that can be utilized as a source of chitin is the use of shrimp waste. This is because the shrimp waste easily obtained in large quantities that can be produced commercially. The purpose of this study was to determine how the isolation of chitin from shrimp waste by chemical processes and their characterization and compare in detail the content of chitin found in the head, body and tail skin of the shrimp. In addition, to determine the effect of insulating phases of chitin to chitin produced.</em><em> </em><em>This study is an experimental research by isolation of chitin in the head, body and tail skin of the shrimp. In the early stages of shrimp waste preparation where the head and skin of the body and tail of each shrimp was separated, cleaned, dried, and milled. Chitin isolation process is done by two ways in which the first stage on the way deproteination done first and subsequent demineralization stages. While in the second stage of demineralization way done first, followed deproteination stage. In phase deproteinasi NaOH 1N solution with a ratio of 1: 10 (by weight of shrimp sample: NaOH 1N). This process was carried out at a temperature of 65<sup>o</sup>C for three hours. While in the process of demineralization using HCl 2N solution and soaked for 2 hours with a comparison between the shells samples with HCl used are 1: 15. After that just do the bleaching process. Each repetition of the way done twice.</em><em> </em><em>Research results show that the insulating phase difference of chitin used apparently affect the yield and ash content obtained, where the first way yield of chitin and ash content obtained was higher yield compared to the results obtained of the latter, while the drying process was done would affect water levels obtained. In the solubility test, partially chitin produced solved in LiCl or dimethylacetamide. Overall chitin obtained meet the requirements of the specification of commercial chitin. In addition, from the head, the skin of the body and the tail of shrimp the higest chitin content ever found was on the skin of the body</em><em></em></p><p><em>Key words</em><em> </em><em>: Isolation, Characterization, Chitin, and Shrimp Waste</em><em></em></p><p><em> </em></p><p><strong>ABSTRAK</strong><strong></strong></p><p>          Kitin adalah biopolimer alami yang tersebar luas di alam dan merupakan senyawa organik kedua setelah selulosa yang sangat melimpah di bumi. Pada umumnya kitin di alam tidak terdapat dalam keadaan bebas, akan tetapi berikatan dengan protein, mineral dan berbagai macam pigmen pada kerangka hewan golongan <em>Arthropoda</em>, <em>Annelida</em>, <em>Molusca</em>, <em>Coelenterata</em>, <em>Nematoda</em>, beberapa kelas serangga serta jamur dan merupakan bagian konstituen organik yang sangat penting. Rata-rata kulit udang mengandung 25-40% protein, 40-50% CaCO<sub>3 </sub>dan 15-20% kitin, tetapi besarnya kandungan komponen tersebut juga masih tergantung kepada spesies dan habitat. Walaupun kitin tersebar luas di alam, akan tetapi sumber utama yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai sumber kitin adalah penggunaan limbah udang. Hal ini dikarenakan limbah udang mudah diperoleh dalam jumlah banyak sehingga dapat diproduksi secara komersial.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui cara isolasi kitin dari limbah udang dengan proses kimia beserta karakterisasinya dan membandingkan secara terperinci kandungan kitin yang terdapat pada bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang. Selain itu juga untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari tahapan isolasi kitin terhadap kitin yang dihasilkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental dengan melakukan isolasi kitin pada bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang. Pada tahap awal dilakukan preparasi limbah udang dimana bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang masing-masing dipisahkan dan dibersihkan, lalu dikeringkan dan digiling. Proses isolasi kitin dilakukan dengan dengan dua cara dimana pada cara pertama tahap deproteinasi dilakukan terlebih dahulu dan berikutnya tahap demineralisasi. Sementara pada cara kedua tahap demineralisasi dilakukan terlebih dahulu, lalu diikuti tahap deproteinasi. Pada tahap deproteinasi menggunakan larutan NaOH 1N dengan perbandingan 1 : 10 (berat sampel kulit udang : NaOH 1N). Proses ini dilakukan pada suhu 65<sup>o</sup>C selama tiga jam. Sementara pada proses demineralisasi menggunakan larutan HCl 2N dan direndam selama 2 jam dengan perbandingan antara sampel kulit udang dengan HCl yang digunakan adalah 1 : 15. Setelah itu baru dilakukan proses pemutihan. Masing-masing cara dilakukan pengulangan sebanyak dua kali. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan tahap isolasi kitin yang digunakan ternyata berpengaruh terhadap rendemen hasil dan kadar abu yang didapatkan, dimana pada cara pertama rendemen hasil kitin dan kadar abu yang didapatkan lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan rendemen hasil yang didapatkan pada cara kedua, sedangkan proses pengeringan yang dilakukan akan berpengaruh terhadap kadar air yang didapatkan. Pada uji kelarutan, kitin yang dihasilkan larut sebagian dengan LiCl atau dimetilasetamida. Secara keseluruhan kitin yang diperoleh memenuhi persyaratan dari spesifikasi kitin niaga. Selain itu dari bagian kepala, kulit bagian badan dan ekor udang kandungan kitin terbanyak terdapat pada kulit bagian badan</p>Kata kunci : Isolasi, karakterisasi, kitin, dan limbah udang </section> <div class="item downloads_chart"> <h3 class="label"> Downloads </h3> <div class="value"> <canvas class="usageStatsGraph" data-object-type="Submission" data-object-id="26"></canvas> <div class="usageStatsUnavailable" data-object-type="Submission" data-object-id="26"> Download data is not yet available. </div> </div> </div> <section class="item references"> <h2 class="label"> References </h2> <div class="value"> <p>Abdurachman, M., Zainuddin, M.S., T. Mayanti, 1996. Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Kitin dari Kulit Kepiting, Transformasi Isolat Kitin dan Upaya Penggunaannya Dalam Kromatografi Afinita Zat Warna. Bandung. </p> <p>Academic Press : New York. </p> <p>Altschul A. M., 1976. New Protein Foods. </p> <p>Anonim, 1987. Chitin. Protan Laboratories, USA. </p> <p>Austin, P. R., Brine, C. J. Castle, J. E. dan J. P. Zikakis, 1981. Chitin : New Facets of Research. Science. 212: 749. </p> <p>Bastaman, S., 1989. Studies on Degradation and Extaction of Chitin and Chitosan from Prawn Shell (Nephrops norvegicus). Thesis. The Departement of Mechanical, Manufacturing, Aeronautical and Chemical Engineering, Faculty opf Engineering The Queen’s University of Belfast. </p> <p>Bastaman, dkk., 1990. Penelitian Limbah Udang sebagai Bahan Industri Khitin dan Khitosan. BBIHP, Bogor. </p> <p>BPS., 2004. Sektor dan Komoditas Ekspor Non-Minyak dan Gas Indonesia, 2001-2002 (27 Juli 2005). </p> <p>Carroad, P. A and R. A Tom, 1978. Bioconvertion of Shellfisf Chitin Waste : Process and Selection of Microorganism. Journal Food Science. 43(4) : 1158. </p> <p>Damajanti, N., 1998. Kitin dan Kitosan: Kulit Udang Sebagai Alternatif Pemecahan Masalah Limbah. Techno No I/I-1998. </p> <p>Hartati, F. K., T. Susanto, S. Rakhmadino, L. A. Santoso, 2002. Faktor-Faktor yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Tahap Deproteinasi Menggunakan Enzim Protease Dalam Pembuatan Kitin dari Cangkang Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus). </p> <p>Hong K. No., S.P. Meyer, K.S. Lee, 1989. Isolation and Characterization of Chitin from Crawfish Shell Waste. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. </p> <p>Knorr, D., 1991. Recovery and Utilisation of Chitin and Chitosan in Food Processing waste Management. Journal Food Technology. 5 (5) : 144-121. </p> <p>Muzzarelli, RAA., 1984. New Derivatives of Chitin and Chitosan : Properties and Aplications. Dalam New Development in Industrial Polysaccharides. Garden and Breach Science Publishers : New York. </p> <p>No, H. K., S.P. Meyers dan K.S Lee, 1989. Isolation and Characterization of Chitin fronm Crawfish Shell Waste. J. Agric. Food Chem. 37(3):575-579. </p> <p>Ornum, J., 1992. Shrimp Waste Must it be Waste?. Info Fish 6/92. 48-51. </p> <p>Pujiastuti, P., 2001. Kajian Transformasi Kitin Menjadi Kitosan Secara Kimiawi dan Enzimatik. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Kimia, 169-177. </p> <p>Suhardi., M. S., 1993. Kitin dan Kitosan. Pusat Antar Universitas Pangan dan Gizi. Universitas Gajah Mada. 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