Front Matter | Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024

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I’ll keep reading <span class="icon" data-icon="&#xe89b"></span></a></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="site-overlay"></div> <div class="click-overlay"></div> <ul> <li class="tools-contents"> <a href="#" class="tools-toc menu-btn button"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text"> Contents</span> </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <li class="tools-chapter"> <span title="Previous Chapter" class="tools-chapter-previous button disabled"><span data-icon=""></span></span> <span class="tools-label">Chapter</span> <a title="Next Chapter" href="/read/27875/chapter/2" class="tools-chapter-next button"><span data-icon=""></span></a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <li class="tools-page"> <a title="Previous Page" href="#" class="tools-page-previous button"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> <form class="go-to-page" action=""> <span class="tools-label">Page</span> <input type="text" name="go-to-page" class="go-to-page-number" placeholder="#" min="1" max="280" value=""> <span class="tools-label">of 280</span> </form> <a title="Next Page" href="#" class="tools-page-next button"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <li class="tools-view"> <a href="#" class="toggle-image button "><span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Original Pages</span></a> <a href="#" class="toggle-html button hide"><span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Text Pages</span></a> </li> <li class="divider"></li> <li class="tools-search"> <form class="search" action="/booksearch.php"> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="text" name="term" placeholder="Search this book..." tabindex="-1" value="" autocomplete="off"> <span class="search-icon" data-icon=""></span> <span class="search-matches-count"></span> </form> </li> <li class="get-this-book"> <a href="" class="button" title="Buy or download a copy of this book."> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Get This Book</span> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav> <div class="content"> <div id="openbook-html" > <div class="page" data-page="R1" data-display="i" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page i <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R1" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R1"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <span id="page_i" epub:type="pagebreak" title="i"></span> <p class="title"><img role="presentation" alt="" src="/openbook/27875/xhtml/images/img-1-1.jpg" width="945" height="181"></p> <aside> <h1>Progress Toward<br> Restoring the Everglades</h1> <p class="title-1"><b>The Tenth Biennial Review—2024</b></p> <p class="title-2">__________</p> <p class="title-2">Committee on Independent Scientific Review of<br> Everglades Restoration Progress</p> <p class="title-2">Water Science and Technology Board</p> <p class="title-2">Division on Earth and Life Studies</p> </aside> <p class="title-3"><b>Consensus Study Report</b></p> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R2" data-display="ii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page ii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R2" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R2"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_ii" epub:type="pagebreak" title="ii"></span> <p class="crt-1"><b>NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001</b></p> <p class="crt">This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the United States Department of the Army under Cooperative Agreement No. W912EP-15-2-0002 and by the South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Department of the Interior. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.</p> <p class="crt">International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-72305-3<br> International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-72305-1<br> Digital Object Identifier: <a href="https://doi.org/10.17226/27875">https://doi.org/10.17226/27875</a></p> <p class="crt">This publication is available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; <a href="http://www.nap.edu">http://www.nap.edu</a>.</p> <p class="crt">Copyright 2024 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academies Press and the graphical logos for each are all trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</p> <p class="crt">Printed in the United States of America.</p> <p class="crt">Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <i>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review—2024</i>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. <a href="https://doi.org/10.17226/27875">https://doi.org/10.17226/27875</a>.</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R3" data-display="iii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page iii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R3" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R3"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_iii" epub:type="pagebreak" title="iii"></span> <p class="tx1-2">The <b>National Academy of Sciences</b> was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.</p> <p class="tx1-1">The <b>National Academy of Engineering</b> was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.</p> <p class="tx1-1">The <b>National Academy of Medicine</b> (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.</p> <p class="tx1-1">The three Academies work together as the <b>National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine</b> to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.</p> <p class="tx1-1">Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at <b><a href="http://www.nationalacademies.org">www.nationalacademies.org</a></b>.</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R4" data-display="iv" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page iv <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R4" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R4"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_iv" epub:type="pagebreak" title="iv"></span> <p class="tx1-2"><b>Consensus Study Reports</b> published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.</p> <p class="tx1-1"><b>Proceedings</b> published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.</p> <p class="tx1-1"><b>Rapid Expert Consultations</b> published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are authored by subject-matter experts on narrowly focused topics that can be supported by a body of evidence. The discussions contained in rapid expert consultations are considered those of the authors and do not contain policy recommendations. Rapid expert consultations are reviewed by the institution before release.</p> <p class="tx1-1">For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit <a href="http://www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo">www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo</a>.</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R5" data-display="v" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page v <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R5" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R5"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_v" epub:type="pagebreak" title="v"></span> <h2 class="fm">COMMITTEE ON INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF EVERGLADES RESTORATION PROGRESS</h2> <p class="hang"><b>JAMES SAIERS</b> (<i>Chair</i>), Yale University, New Haven, CT</p> <p class="hang"><b>CASEY BROWN,</b> University of Massachusetts Amherst</p> <p class="hang"><b>JOHN CALLAWAY,</b> University of San Francisco, CA</p> <p class="hang"><b>PHILIP M. DIXON,</b> Iowa State University, Ames</p> <p class="hang"><b>CHARLES T. DRISCOLL, JR. (NAE),</b> Syracuse University, NY</p> <p class="hang"><b>MARLA R. EMERY,</b> Norwegian Institute for Nature Research</p> <p class="hang"><b>MARGARET W. GITAU,</b> Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN</p> <p class="hang"><b>WENDY D. GRAHAM,</b> University of Florida, Gainesville (<i>resigned November 2023</i>)</p> <p class="hang"><b>MATTHEW C. HARWELL,</b> U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Newport, OR</p> <p class="hang"><b>WILLIAM A. HOPKINS III,</b> Virginia Tech, Blacksburg</p> <p class="hang"><b>TRACY QUIRK,</b> Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge</p> <p class="hang"><b>K. RAMESH REDDY,</b> University of Florida, Gainesville</p> <p class="hang"><b>HELEN M. REGAN,</b> University of California, Riverside</p> <p class="hang"><b>ALAN D. STEINMAN,</b> Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI</p> <p class="hang"><b>JEFFREY R. WALTERS,</b> Virginia Tech, Blacksburg</p> <p class="hang"><b>DAVID L. WEGNER,</b> Woolpert Engineering, Tucson, AZ</p> <h3 class="fm" id="frontmatter03_pz5-19">Staff of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine</h3> <p class="hang"><b>STEPHANIE E. JOHNSON,</b> Study Director</p> <p class="hang"><b>NOEL WALTERS,</b> Associate Program Officer</p> <p class="hang"><b>EMILY BERMUDEZ,</b> Senior Program Assistant <i>(until September 2024)</i></p> <p class="hang"><b>SAMUEL KRAFT,</b> Senior Program Assistant (<i>as of April 2024</i>)</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R6" data-display="vi" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page vi <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R6" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R6"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_vi" epub:type="pagebreak" title="vi"></span> <h2 class="fm">WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD</h2> <p class="hang"><b>DAVID L. SEDLAK (NAE)</b> (<i>Chair</i>), University of California, Berkeley</p> <p class="hang"><b>NEWSHA AJAMI,</b> Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA</p> <p class="hang"><b>PEDRO J. ALVAREZ (NAE),</b> Rice University, Houston, TX</p> <p class="hang"><b>MARTIN DOYLE,</b> Duke University, Durham, NC</p> <p class="hang"><b>JORDAN R. FISCHBACH,</b> The Water Institute, Baton Rouge, LA</p> <p class="hang"><b>SHEMIN GE,</b> University of Colorado Boulder</p> <p class="hang"><b>ELLEN GILINSKY,</b> Ellen Gilinsky, LLC, Richmond, VA</p> <p class="hang"><b>ROBERT M. HIRSCH,</b> U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA</p> <p class="hang"><b>BRANKO KERKEZ,</b> University of Michigan, Ann Arbor</p> <p class="hang"><b>YUSUKE KUWAYAMA,</b> University of Maryland, Baltimore County</p> <p class="hang"><b>VENKATARAMAN LAKSHMI,</b> University of Virginia, Charlottesville</p> <p class="hang"><b>CAMILLE PANNU,</b> Columbia University, New York, NY</p> <p class="hang"><b>AMY PRUDEN,</b> Virginia Tech, Blacksburg</p> <p class="hang"><b>JENNIFER TANK,</b> University of Notre Dame, IN</p> <p class="hang"><b>CRYSTAL L. TULLEY-CORDOVA,</b> Navajo Nation Department of Water Resources, Window Rock, AZ</p> <h3 class="fm" id="frontmatter04_pz6-18">Staff of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine</h3> <p class="hang"><b>DEBORAH GLICKSON,</b> Director</p> <p class="hang"><b>LAURA J. EHLERS,</b> Senior Program Officer</p> <p class="hang"><b>STEPHANIE E. JOHNSON,</b> Senior Program Officer</p> <p class="hang"><b>M. JEANNE AQUILINO,</b> Financial Business Partner</p> <p class="hang"><b>CHARLES BURGIS,</b> Program Officer</p> <p class="hang"><b>MARGO REGIER,</b> Program Officer</p> <p class="hang"><b>JONATHAN M. TUCKER,</b> Program Officer</p> <p class="hang"><b>NOEL WALTERS,</b> Associate Program Officer</p> <p class="hang"><b>MAYA FREY,</b> Senior Program Assistant</p> <p class="hang"><b>SAMUEL KRAFT,</b> Senior Program Assistant</p> <p class="hang"><b>MILES LANSING,</b> Senior Program Assistant</p> <p class="hang"><b>BRYAN RUFF,</b> Senior Program Assistant</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R7" data-display="vii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page vii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R7" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R7"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_vii" epub:type="pagebreak" title="vii"></span> <h2>Reviewers</h2> <p class="tx">This Consensus Study Report was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.</p> <p class="tx">We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:</p> <aside> <p class="hang"><b>MICHELLE BAUMFLEK,</b> U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service</p> <p class="hang"><b>BILL BOGGESS,</b> Oregon State University</p> <p class="hang"><b>KATE BUENAU,</b> Pacific Northwest National Laboratory</p> <p class="hang"><b>DAWN D. DAVIS,</b> Idaho National Laboratory</p> <p class="hang"><b>FRANK W. DAVIS,</b> University of California, Santa Barbara</p> <p class="hang"><b>BENJAMIN KIRTMAN,</b> University of Miami</p> <p class="hang"><b>JOHN KOMINOSKI,</b> Florida International University</p> <p class="hang"><b>BETH ROSE MIDDLETON MANNING,</b> University of California, Davis</p> <p class="hang"><b>DENISE J. REED,</b> University of New Orleans</p> <p class="hang"><b>CHADWIN B. SMITH,</b> Headwaters Corporation</p> <p class="hang"><b>DENICE WARDROP,</b> The Pennsylvania State University</p> <p class="hang"><b>JOHN WIENS,</b> Colorado State University</p> </aside> <p class="tx">Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations of this report nor did they see the final draft before its release.</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R8" data-display="viii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page viii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R8" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R8"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <p class="tx1"><span id="page_viii" epub:type="pagebreak" title="viii"></span>The review of this report was overseen by <b>CHRIS T. HENDRICKSON (NAE),</b> Carnegie Mellon University, and <b>CATHERINE L. KLING (NAS),</b> Cornell University. They were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies.</p> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R9" data-display="ix" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page ix <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R9" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R9"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_ix" epub:type="pagebreak" title="ix"></span> <h2>Acknowledgments</h2> <p class="tx">The study committee and staff would like to respectfully acknowledge the Miccosukee and the Seminole Peoples, past and present, and the Calusa, Tequesta, Jeaga, Ais, and Mayaimi Peoples before them—the original and current caretakers of Everglades’ land, water, and air. The study committee and staff would also like to gratefully acknowledge the Native peoples on whose ancestral homelands they live and work. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are physically housed on the traditional land of the Nacotchtank (Anacostan) and Piscataway Peoples, past and present. The committee and staff honor and respect the enduring relationship that exists between Native peoples and nations and this land. The committee and staff thank these peoples for their resilience in protecting this land and aspire to uphold our responsibilities to their example.</p> <p class="tx">Many individuals assisted the committee and staff in their task to create this report. We would like to express our appreciation to Robert Johnson, U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI); Gina Ralph, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); and Amanda Kahn, South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), who served as agency liaisons to the committee. We would also like to thank the following people who gave presentations, participated in panel discussions, provided public comment to the committee, or served as field trip guides.</p> <aside> <p class="hang">Andrea Atkinson, National Park Service (NPS)</p> <p class="hang">Nick Aumen, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)</p> <p class="hang">Steve Baisden, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Bill Baker, MacVicar Consulting</p> <p class="hang">Marcel Bozas, Florida International University (FIU)</p> <p class="hang">Ken Bradshaw, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Laura Brandt, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)</p> <p class="hang">Liz Caneja, SFWMD</p> </aside> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R10" data-display="x" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page x <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R10" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R10"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <aside> <span id="page_x" epub:type="pagebreak" title="x"></span> <p class="hang">Amy Castaneda, Miccosukee Tribe</p> <p class="hang">Eric Cline, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Carlos Coronado, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Kelly Cox, Everglades Coalition</p> <p class="hang">Dan Crawford, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Kevin Cunniff, Miccosukee Tribe</p> <p class="hang">Reverend Houston Cypress, Miccosukee Tribe</p> <p class="hang">Laura D’Acunto, USGS</p> <p class="hang">Steve Davis, Everglades Foundation</p> <p class="hang">Tylan Dean, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Kevin Donaldson, Miccosukee Tribe</p> <p class="hang">Angie Dunn, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Mikhael Elfenbein, Cypress Chapter Izaak Walton League of America</p> <p class="hang">Tabitha Elkington, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Gretchen Ehlinger, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Morgan Elmer, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Jason Engle, USACE</p> <p class="hang">James Erskine, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)</p> <p class="hang">Chrissie Figueroa, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Tom Forsyth, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Michael Frank, Miccosukee Tribe Everglades Advisory Committee</p> <p class="hang">Tom Frazer, University of South Florida</p> <p class="hang">Cristina Gauthier-Hernandez, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Adam Gelber, DOI</p> <p class="hang">Nicholas Gonzalez, Miccosukee Tribe</p> <p class="hang">Timothy Gysan, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Officer Holland, Wildlife Police Officer</p> <p class="hang">Bonnie Irving, FWS</p> <p class="hang">Marci Jackson, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Jennifer John, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Jennifer Jurado, Broward Co.</p> <p class="hang">Amanda Kahn, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Fahmida Khatun, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Phyllis Klarman, RECOVER</p> <p class="hang">Corporal Rusty Lacy, Wildlife Police Officer</p> <p class="hang">Jacob Larsson, FWC</p> <p class="hang">Jennifer Leeds, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Tom MacVicar, MacVicar Consulting</p> <p class="hang">Carolina Maran, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Jenna May, USACE</p> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R11" data-display="xi" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xi <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R11" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R11"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <aside> <span id="page_xi" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xi"></span> <p class="hang">Amanda McKenzie, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Miles Meyer, FWS</p> <p class="hang">Brenda Mills, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Kristen Mills, Miccosukee Tribe</p> <p class="hang">Melodie Naja, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Sergeant Sergio Najera, Wildlife Police Officer</p> <p class="hang">Melissa Nasuti, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Sue Newman, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Nicole Niemeyer, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Thomas Oates</p> <p class="hang">Jayantha Obeysekera, FIU</p> <p class="hang">Edward Ornstein, Miccosukee Tribe</p> <p class="hang">Betty Osceola, Miccosukee Tribe Everglades Advisory Committee</p> <p class="hang">Mindy Parrott, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Rajendra Paudel, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Mark Perry, Everglades Coalition</p> <p class="hang">Armando Ramirez, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Stephanie Romañach, USGS</p> <p class="hang">Eve Samples, Friends of the Everglades</p> <p class="hang">Colin Saunders, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Debby Scerno, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Matthew Schwartz, University of West Florida</p> <p class="hang">Fred Sklar, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Ed Smith, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP)</p> <p class="hang">Mailin Sotolongo-Lopez, FDEP</p> <p class="hang">Erik Stabenau, NPS</p> <p class="hang">John Stamm, USGS</p> <p class="hang">Donatto Surratt, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Jordan Tedio, FDEP</p> <p class="hang">Cindy Thomas, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Michael Tompkins, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Craig van der Heiden, Miccosukee Tribe</p> <p class="hang">Zulamet Vega-Liriano, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Eva Velez, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Kim Vitek, USACE</p> <p class="hang">Leslye Waugh, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Erin White, NPS</p> <p class="hang">Walter Wilcox, SFWMD</p> <p class="hang">Larry Williams, FWS</p> <p class="hang">Chris Wittman, Captains for Clean Water</p> </aside> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R12" data-display="xii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R12" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R12"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <p class="h44">This page intentionally left blank.</p> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R13" data-display="xiii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xiii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R13" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R13"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_xiii" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xiii"></span> <h2>Contents</h2> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz13-2" href="/read/27875/chapter/1#frontmatter07_pz13-2_1">PREFACE</a></p> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz13-3" href="/read/27875/chapter/1#frontmatter08_pz13-3_1">ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS</a></p> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz13-4" href="/read/27875/chapter/2#frontmatter09_pz13-4_1">SUMMARY</a></p> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz13-5" href="/read/27875/chapter/3#chapter01_pz13-5_1">1 INTRODUCTION</a></p> <p class="tx"><a id="content-toc_pz13-6" href="/read/27875/chapter/3#chapter01_pz38-5">The National Academies and Everglades Restoration</a></p> <p class="tx"><a id="content-toc_pz13-7" href="/read/27875/chapter/3#chapter01_pz43-3">Report Organization</a></p> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz13-8" href="/read/27875/chapter/4#chapter02_pz13-8_1">2 RESTORATION PROGRESS</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-9" href="/read/27875/chapter/4#chapter02_pz45-4">Programmatic Progress</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-10" href="/read/27875/chapter/4#chapter02_pz48-4">Natural System Restoration Progress</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-11" href="/read/27875/chapter/4#chapter02_pz106-2">Issues That May Impact Progress: Water Quality</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-12" href="/read/27875/chapter/4#chapter02_pz125-4">Conclusions and Recommendations</a></p> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz13-13" href="/read/27875/chapter/5#chapter03_pz13-13_1">3 APPLYING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN THE COMPREHENSIVE EVERGLADES RESTORATION PLAN</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-15" href="/read/27875/chapter/5#chapter03_pz130-2">Place of Miccosukee and Seminole Tribes in the Everglades and Its Significance to Their Livelihoods and Cultures</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-17" href="/read/27875/chapter/5#chapter03_pz135-5">Collaboration with Everglades Tribes</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-18" href="/read/27875/chapter/5#chapter03_pz138-3">Assessment of CERP Tribal Consultation and Collaboration Over Time</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-20" href="/read/27875/chapter/5#chapter03_pz148-3">Indigenous Knowledge and the Scientific Process</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-21" href="/read/27875/chapter/5#chapter03_pz148-4">Best Practices for Integration of Indigenous Knowledge in Florida Everglades Restoration</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-23" href="/read/27875/chapter/5#chapter03_pz165-5">CERP-Specific Examples of Ways to Improve Application of Indigenous Knowledge</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz13-25" href="/read/27875/chapter/5#chapter03_pz171-3">Conclusions and Recommendations</a></p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R14" data-display="xiv" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xiv <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R14" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R14"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_xiv" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xiv"></span> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz14-1" href="/read/27875/chapter/6#chapter04_pz14-1_1">4 APPLICATION OF TOOLS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-3" href="/read/27875/chapter/6#chapter04_pz176-8">Climate Scenarios for Restoration Planning and Management</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-4" href="/read/27875/chapter/6#chapter04_pz180-2">Sediment Accretion Modeling for Restoration Decision Making in Light of Sea-Level Rise</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-6" href="/read/27875/chapter/6#chapter04_pz187-2">Models for Assessing Ecological Responses to Climate Change</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-7" href="/read/27875/chapter/6#chapter04_pz191-2">Integration</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-8" href="/read/27875/chapter/6#chapter04_pz194-4">Application of Climate Tools for Adaptation of Operations</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-9" href="/read/27875/chapter/6#chapter04_pz195-3">Conclusions and Recommendations</a></p> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz14-10" href="/read/27875/chapter/7#chapter05_pz14-10_1">5 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND USE OF NEW INFORMATION IN DECISION MAKING</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-12" href="/read/27875/chapter/7#chapter05_pz202-5">Adaptive Management Process Guidance from RECOVER</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-13" href="/read/27875/chapter/7#chapter05_pz206-3">Evaluation of CERP Adaptive Management and Incorporating New Information into CERP Decision Making</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-15" href="/read/27875/chapter/7#chapter05_pz229-4">Revisiting the Building Blocks of Adaptive Management</a></p> <p class="toc-1"><a id="content-toc_pz14-16" href="/read/27875/chapter/7#chapter05_pz236-1">Conclusions and Recommendations</a></p> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz14-17" href="/read/27875/chapter/8#backmatter01_pz14-17_1">REFERENCES</a></p> <p class="toc"><a href="247.xhtml">APPENDIXES</a></p> <p class="toc"><a id="content-toc_pz14-19" href="/read/27875/chapter/9#backmatter02_pz14-19_1">A The Restoration Plan in Context</a></p> <p class="toc0"><a id="content-toc_Ar_D" href="/read/27875/chapter/10#backmatter03_Ar_D_1">B The National Academies of Sciences</a></p> <p class="toc0"><a id="content-toc_Aqx" href="/read/27875/chapter/11#backmatter04_Aqx_1">C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff</a></p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R15" data-display="xv" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xv <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R15" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R15"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_xv" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xv"></span> <h2 id="frontmatter07_pz13-2_1"><a href="/read/27875/chapter/1#content-toc_pz13-2">Preface</a></h2> <p class="tx">The Everglades is a treasure. It supports a remarkable diversity of birds, fish, reptiles, and mammals and encompasses landscapes unlike those anywhere else on the planet. As the homeland of the Seminole and Miccosukee, the Everglades has provided sustenance and shelter essential to their lives and serves as a center of cultural activities and sacred traditions that have been passed down through the generations. The Everglades also benefits the burgeoning population along South Florida’s coastline by providing storm-surge protection, recharging drinking-water aquifers, attracting tourism that contributes to local economies, and offering recreational opportunities that enrich the lives of the region’s residents.</p> <p class="tx">That this natural wonder was once regarded as a nuisance and impediment to progress now seems unfathomable, but this was the undeserved reputation that the Everglades endured through much of the 20th century as it was replumbed to accommodate agriculture and development. Nearly every part of the Everglades was affected. At the top of the watershed, the once-meandering Kissimmee River was straightened and channelized, cutting off its connection with the floodplain. Lake Okeechobee, the so-called liquid heart of the Everglades, was isolated from the surrounding marsh by an earthen levee, and the lion’s share of sheet flow that once sustained the ridge-and-slough landscape and fed the southern estuaries was short-circuited through a maze of canals to the Atlantic Ocean. With drainage enabling the expansion of agriculture, excess phosphorus runoff from poorly managed fertilizer applications caused water quality impairments that propagated throughout much of the system, from Lake Okeechobee and the coastal estuaries to the freshwater marshes of the central and western Everglades. The loss of water storage and hydrologic connectivity, coupled with water quality degradation, led to widespread habitat loss and left ecosystems throughout the Everglades struggling to support their wildlife and sustain ecosystem services upon which South Florida residents rely.</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R16" data-display="xvi" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xvi <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R16" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R16"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_xvi" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xvi"></span> <p class="tx">Marjory Stoneman Douglas and other visionaries recognized that the Everglades was in trouble even before large-scale drainage began in 1948 with the launch of the Central and Southern Florida Project for Flood Control. Unfortunately, more than half the original Everglades was gone and much of the remaining fraction impacted by the time a plan to halt Everglades degradation was conceived. In 2000, Congress authorized the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), the world’s largest ecosystem restoration effort intended to restore, preserve, and protect the South Florida ecosystem by addressing the quantity, quality, timing, and distribution of water while providing for water supply and flood protection.</p> <p class="tx">The CERP is daring and ambitious, originally consisting of 68 projects outlined in the Yellow Book that were projected to take 30 years to complete. Recognizing the scale of the challenge, Congress recommended that an independent scientific review be conducted on progress toward restoration on a regular basis. In response, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine formed the Committee on Independent Scientific Review of Everglades Restoration Progress (CISRERP) in 2004. This report represents the tenth biennial review of the CERP by this committee.</p> <p class="tx">CISRERP is comprised of natural scientists, social scientists, and engineers specializing in ecosystem restoration; wetland ecology; water resources; climate change; environmental policy; adaptive management; program administration; and ecological, water quality, and hydrological modeling. These experts were selected for their eminence in their fields and for their record of accomplishment in addressing issues relevant to Everglades restoration. Over a 12-month period, the committee met in-person on four occasions and in many additional virtual meetings, when it heard oral presentations on the various dimensions of Everglades restoration and had discussions with federal and state personnel, Tribal representatives, academic scientists, interest groups, members of nongovernmental organizations, and the public. Outside of these meetings, the committee read thousands of pages of reports and peer-reviewed literature, synthesized and drafted its findings, and made revisions based on committee-wide feedback. I am extremely grateful for the energy and thoughtful efforts that this distinguished group dedicated to these important tasks and have been inspired by the respectful way the members engaged with one another and worked collegially to produce this document. The 2024 CISRERP report represents the consensus assessment of the committee on restoration accomplishments and challenges that have emerged primarily over the past 2 years but also over the 24 years since the CERP was authorized.</p> <p class="tx">CISRERP could not have completed its work without Stephanie Johnson, Emily Bermudez, and Noel Walters, talented staff of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This is the tenth iteration of CISRERP,</p> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R17" data-display="xvii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xvii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R17" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R17"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <p class="tx1"><span id="page_xvii" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xvii"></span>and Stephanie Johnson has served as study director for every one of them. It is a great fortune to this committee and, more generally, to the quality of the review process that Stephanie is able to reprise this important role. Stephanie has an extraordinary command of the science, engineering, and policy that underpin the CERP, and she has built a well-respected reputation that enables her to convene members across the Everglades community to familiarize CISRERP of the latest developments and unaddressed challenges. The information that Stephanie is uniquely able to provide was essential to mapping the course of this report, and her leadership, analytical thinking, and determination were critical in assisting the committee to develop its ideas and insights into a coherent narrative. Emily Bermudez provided key technical and logistical support before, during, and after each meeting, and Noel Walters provided support for production of the report. On behalf of the entire committee, I wish to express our gratitude and admiration for the exceptional abilities and valuable contributions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine staff. The task would have been impossible without them.</p> <p class="tx">The committee is indebted to many people for information and resources they provided. The committee’s technical liaisons—Gina Ralph, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Robert Johnson, U.S. Department of the Interior; and Amanda Kahn, South Florida Water Management District—responded to numerous information requests and facilitated the committee’s access to agency resources and expertise. The committee also wishes to thank the numerous individuals who shared their views on Everglades restoration through presentations, field trips, and public comments (see Acknowledgments).</p> <p class="txr-1">James Saiers, <i>Chair</i></p> <p class="txr-2">Committee on Independent Scientific</p> <p class="txr-2">Review of Everglades Restoration Progress</p> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R18" data-display="xviii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xviii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R18" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R18"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <p class="h44">This page intentionally left blank.</p> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R19" data-display="xix" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xix <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R19" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R19"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_xix" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xix"></span> <h2 id="frontmatter08_pz13-3_1"><a href="/read/27875/chapter/1#content-toc_pz13-3">Acronyms and Abbreviations</a></h2> <table style="width: 100%;" class="table0"> <colgroup> <col style="width: 20%;"> <col style="width: 80%;"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td>AF</td> <td>acre-foot</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AFR</td> <td>Adaptive Foundational Resilience</td> </tr> <tr> <td>AMI</td> <td>Active Marsh Improvement</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ASR</td> <td>aquifer storage and recovery</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">BBCW</td> <td class="tdt">Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BBSEER</td> <td>Biscayne Bay and Southeastern Everglades Ecosystem Restoration</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BISECT</td> <td>Biscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport</td> </tr> <tr> <td>BMP</td> <td>best management practice</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">CEM</td> <td class="tdt">conceptual ecological model</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CEPP</td> <td>Central Everglades Planning Project</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CEQ</td> <td>Council on Environmental Quality</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CERP</td> <td>Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CFR</td> <td>Code of Federal Regulations</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CISRERP</td> <td>Committee on Independent Scientific Review of Everglades Restoration Progress</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CMIP</td> <td>Coupled Model Intercomparison Project</td> </tr> <tr> <td>COP</td> <td>Combined Operational Plan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>CROGEE</td> <td>Committee on the Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">DOI</td> <td class="tdt">U.S. Department of the Interior</td> </tr> <tr> <td>DPM</td> <td>Decomp Physical Model</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">EAA</td> <td class="tdt">Everglades Agricultural Area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EAV</td> <td>emergent aquatic vegetation</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R20" data-display="xx" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xx <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R20" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R20"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_xx" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xx"></span> <table style="width: 100%;" class="table0"> <colgroup> <col style="width: 20%;"> <col style="width: 80%;"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td>ECB</td> <td>existing conditions baseline</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EDEN</td> <td>Everglades Depth Estimation Network</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ENSO</td> <td>El Niño–Southern Oscillation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EDR</td> <td>Engineering Documentation Report</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EIS</td> <td>environmental impact statement</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EPA</td> <td>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ERTP</td> <td>Everglades Restoration Transition Plan</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ESA</td> <td>Endangered Species Act</td> </tr> <tr> <td>EVA</td> <td>Everglades Vulnerability Analysis</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">FCE</td> <td class="tdt">Florida Coastal Everglades</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FDEP</td> <td>Florida Department of Environmental Protection</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FEB</td> <td>flow equalization basin</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FWC</td> <td>Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FWM</td> <td>flow-weighted mean</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FWO</td> <td>future without</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FWS</td> <td>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service</td> </tr> <tr> <td>FY</td> <td>fiscal year</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">GCM</td> <td class="tdt">General Circulation Model</td> </tr> <tr> <td>GRR</td> <td>General Reevaluation Report</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">IDS</td> <td class="tdt">Integrated Delivery Schedule</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IPRL</td> <td>Invasive Plant Research Laboratory</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IQA</td> <td>Information Quality Act</td> </tr> <tr> <td>IRL-South</td> <td>Indian River Lagoon-South</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">JEM</td> <td class="tdt">Joint Ecosystem Modeling</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">LILA</td> <td class="tdt">Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LNWR</td> <td>Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LOCAR</td> <td>Lake Okeechobee Component A Reservoir</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LORS</td> <td>Lake Okeechobee Regulation Schedule</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LOSOM</td> <td>Lake Okeechobee System Operating Manual</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LOWRP</td> <td>Lake Okeechobee Watershed Restoration Project</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LRR</td> <td>Limited Reevaluation Report</td> </tr> <tr> <td>LTER</td> <td>Long-Term Ecological Research</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">MGD</td> <td class="tdt">million gallons per day</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R21" data-display="xxi" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xxi <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R21" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R21"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <section> <span id="page_xxi" epub:type="pagebreak" title="xxi"></span> <table style="width: 100%;" class="table0"> <colgroup> <col style="width: 20%;"> <col style="width: 80%;"> </colgroup> <tbody> <tr> <td class="tdt">NEPA</td> <td class="tdt">National Environmental Policy Act</td> </tr> <tr> <td>NGVD</td> <td>National Geodetic Vertical Datum</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">OSTP</td> <td class="tdt">Office of Science and Technology Policy</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">PACR</td> <td class="tdt">Post-Authorization Change Report</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PED</td> <td>Preconstruction Engineering and Design</td> </tr> <tr> <td>PIR</td> <td>Project Implementation Report</td> </tr> <tr> <td>POM</td> <td>Project Operating Manual</td> </tr> <tr> <td>ppb</td> <td>parts per billion</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">RCW</td> <td class="tdt">red-cockaded woodpecker</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RECOVER</td> <td>Restoration, Coordination, and Verification</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RSM</td> <td>Regional Simulation Model</td> </tr> <tr> <td>RSM-GL</td> <td>Regional Simulation Model for the Glades and Lower East Coast Service Areas</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">SAV</td> <td class="tdt">submerged aquatic vegetation</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SFWMD</td> <td>South Florida Water Management District</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SOM</td> <td>System Operating Manual</td> </tr> <tr> <td>SOP</td> <td>Standard Operating Procedure</td> </tr> <tr> <td>STA</td> <td>stormwater treatment area</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">TBD</td> <td class="tdt">to be determined</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TMDL</td> <td>total maximum daily load</td> </tr> <tr> <td>TP</td> <td>total phosphorus</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">USACE</td> <td class="tdt">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USDA</td> <td>U.S. Department of Agriculture</td> </tr> <tr> <td>USGS</td> <td>U.S. Geological Survey</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="tdt">WCA</td> <td class="tdt">Water Conservation Area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WERP</td> <td>Western Everglades Restoration Project</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WIIN Act</td> <td>Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WPA</td> <td>Water Preserve Area</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WQBEL</td> <td>water quality–based effluent limit</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WRDA</td> <td>Water Resources Development Act</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WRRDA</td> <td>Water Resources Reform and Development Act</td> </tr> <tr> <td>WY</td> <td>water year</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </section> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R22" data-display="xxii" data-format="html"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xxii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R22" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R22"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-html"> <p class="h44">This page intentionally left blank.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="openbook-image" class="hide"> <div class="page" data-page="R1" data-display="i" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page i <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R1" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R1"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R1.gif" alt="Page R1" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R2" data-display="ii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page ii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R2" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R2"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R2.gif" alt="Page R2" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R3" data-display="iii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page iii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R3" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R3"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R3.gif" alt="Page R3" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R4" data-display="iv" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page iv <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R4" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R4"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R4.gif" alt="Page R4" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R5" data-display="v" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page v <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R5" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R5"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R5.gif" alt="Page R5" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R6" data-display="vi" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page vi <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R6" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R6"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R6.gif" alt="Page R6" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R7" data-display="vii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page vii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R7" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R7"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R7.gif" alt="Page R7" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R8" data-display="viii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page viii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R8" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R8"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R8.gif" alt="Page R8" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R9" data-display="ix" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page ix <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R9" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R9"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R9.gif" alt="Page R9" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R10" data-display="x" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page x <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R10" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R10"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R10.gif" alt="Page R10" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R11" data-display="xi" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xi <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R11" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R11"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R11.gif" alt="Page R11" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R12" data-display="xii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R12" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R12"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R12.gif" alt="Page R12" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R13" data-display="xiii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xiii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R13" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R13"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R13.gif" alt="Page R13" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R14" data-display="xiv" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xiv <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R14" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R14"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R14.gif" alt="Page R14" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R15" data-display="xv" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xv <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R15" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R15"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R15.gif" alt="Page R15" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R16" data-display="xvi" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xvi <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R16" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R16"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R16.gif" alt="Page R16" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R17" data-display="xvii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xvii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R17" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R17"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R17.gif" alt="Page R17" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R18" data-display="xviii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xviii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R18" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R18"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R18.gif" alt="Page R18" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R19" data-display="xix" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xix <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R19" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R19"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R19.gif" alt="Page R19" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R20" data-display="xx" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xx <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R20" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R20"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R20.gif" alt="Page R20" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R21" data-display="xxi" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xxi <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R21" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R21"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R21.gif" alt="Page R21" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> <div class="page" data-page="R22" data-display="xxii" data-format="image"> <div class="page-image"> <div class="page-tools"> <div class="page-tools-inner"> <span class="page-number">Page xxii <span class="page-status-text"></span></span> <span class="page-actions"> <span class="page-actions-inner"> <a href="#" class="page-action share addthis_button" title="Share this page" addthis:url="http://www.nap.edu/read/27875/page/R22" id="atic"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Share</span> </a> <a href="#" class="page-action cite" title="Cite this page"> <span data-icon=""></span> <span class="icon-text">Cite</span> </a> </span> </span> </div> <div class="page-tools-panel"> <div class="panel-citation"> <strong>Suggested Citation:</strong>"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024</em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/27875. <div href="#" class="panel-close">×</div> </div> <div class="panel-bookmark"> <form action="" class="bookmark-form"> <input type="hidden" name="id" value=""> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="hidden" name="page" value="R22"> <input type="hidden" name="chapter" value="1"> <div class="input-wrapper"> <input class="bookmark-note" type="text" name="note" placeholder="Add a note to your bookmark" value="" tabindex="-1"> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-save button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Save</span></a> </div> <div class="button-wrapper"> <a class="bookmark-button-delete button"><span data-icon=""></span><span class="icon-text">Cancel</span></a> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/books/27875/gif/R22.gif" alt="Page R22" width="1200" height="1714"> </div> </div> </div> <a href="2" title="Next Chapter" class="chapter-nav chapter-nav-next">Next: <span class="chapter-nav-title">Summary</span> »</a> </div> <footer> <a href="http://www.nas.edu" title="The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine" target="_blank"> <img src="/images/hdr/logo-nasem-wht-lg.png" border="0" alt="The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine" style="max-width: 20%; padding: 10px;"></a> <address> <span class="nasem-name">The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine <br></span> 500 Fifth Street, NW | Washington, DC 20001 </address> <div class="copyright-info"><br> <a href="https://www.nationalacademies.org/legal" target=_blank style="color: white;">Copyright © 2025 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.</a> <a class="legal" href="https://www.nationalacademies.org/legal/terms" style="color: white;" target=_blank>Terms of Use and Privacy Statement</a> </div> </footer> </div> <div id="info-overlay" class="info-overlay"> <div class="info-heading"> <span class="info-heading-title"> Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024 </span> <span class="info-heading-static"> Get This Book </span> <div class="info-close">×</div> </div> <div class="info-body"> <div class="info-cover-image"> <a href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/catalog/27875/progress-toward-restoring-the-everglades-the-tenth-biennial-review-2024"><img src="data:image/png;base64,iVBORw0KGgoAAAANSUhEUgAAAAEAAAABCAYAAAAfFcSJAAAAAXNSR0IArs4c6QAAAARnQU1BAACxjwv8YQUAAAAJcEhZcwAADsQAAA7EAZUrDhsAAAANSURBVBhXYzh8+PB/AAffA0nNPuCLAAAAAElFTkSuQmCC" data-original="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/cover/27875/450" width="450" alt=" Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024"></a> </div> <div class="info-buttons"> <a href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/cart/cart.php?list=fs&action=buy%20it&record_id=27875&isbn=0-309-72305-1" class="button buy-button" id="paperback-button"><span data-icon=""></span>Buy Paperback | $50.00</a> <a href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/cart/cart.php?list=fs&action=buy%20it&record_id=27875&isbn=0-309-72308-6" class="button buy-button" id="ebook-button"><span data-icon=""></span>Buy Ebook | $40.99</a> <div class="mynap-info"> MyNAP members save 10% online. <br> <a href="https://www.nap.edu/login.php?page=https%3A%2F%2Fnap.nationalacademies.org%2Fread%2F27875%2Fchapter%2F1">Login</a> or <a href="https://www.nap.edu/login.php?action=new&page=https%3A%2F%2Fnap.nationalacademies.org%2Fread%2F27875%2Fchapter%2F1">Register</a> to save! </div> <a href="https://nap.nationalacademies.org/download/27875" class="button download-button">Download Free PDF</a> </div> <div class="info-description"> <p>The Florida Everglades is a treasured ecosystem, but the water quality, quantity, flow, and distribution have been dramatically degraded by drainage and infrastructure development during the past century. A joint effort launched by the State and federal government in 2000, the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP) seeks to reverse the decline of the ecosystem. The National Academies have provided a biennial review of CERP since 2004. This tenth biennial report in the series highlights significant recent restoration progress and offers guidance in three areas: applying Indigenous Knowledge in project planning, using modeling tools for understanding the effects of climate change on the CERP, and strengthening adaptive management for CERP decision making.</p> <p>Thanks to record state and federal investments in recent years, the pace of restoration implementation has reached historic levels and sizeable restoration benefits have been achieved. However, information on natural system restoration progress relative to CERP expectations continues to be difficult to find and interpret. The report recommends modeling tools be applied to anticipate the effects of climate change, including temperature and precipitation, on CERP outcomes and to inform planning and management. Moving forward, consistent and meaningful engagement between CERP agencies and tribal nations is necessary to create a partnership where Indigenous Knowledge can be considered and applied in restoration decision-making. Building expertise and a culture of adaptive management can help ensure continued restoration progress amid uncertainties and improve restoration outcomes through the incorporation of new information.</p> <p class="info-overlay-btn info-close">READ FREE ONLINE</p> </div> </div> </div> <nav id="toc-menu" class="toc-menu"> <div class="toc-inner"> <h2>Contents</h2> <a href="#" class="toc-close"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> <ul> <li class="toc-search"> <form class="search" action="/booksearch.php"> <input type="hidden" name="record_id" value="27875"> <input type="text" name="term" placeholder="Search this book..." tabindex="-1" value=""> <span class="search-icon" data-icon=""></span> </form> </li> <li class="active"> <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/1">Front Matter</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">i–xxii</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=i–xxii"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/2">Summary</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">1–14</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=1–14"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/3">1 Introduction</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">15–22</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=15–22"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/4">2 Restoration Progress</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">23–106</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=23–106"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/5">3 Applying Indigenous Knowledge in the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">107–152</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=107–152"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/6">4 Application of Tools to Evaluate the Effects of Climate Change</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">153–176</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=153–176"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/7">5 Adaptive Management and Use of New Information in Decision Making</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">177–218</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=177–218"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/8">References</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">219–246</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=219–246"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/9">Appendix A: The Restoration Plan in Context</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">247–262</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=247–262"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/10">Appendix B: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Everglades Reports</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">263–272</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=263–272"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> <li > <span class="chapter-name"> <a href="/read/27875/chapter/11">Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff</a> </span> <span class="chapter-page-range">273–280</span> <span class="chapter-skim"> <a href="/nap-cgi/skimchap.cgi?recid=27875&chap=273–280"> <span data-icon=""></span> </a> </span> </li> </ul> </div> </nav> <ol id="openbook-tour" class="tourbus-legs"> <li data-orientation="centered" data-scroll-to="0" data-width="450"> <a href="javascript:void(0);" class="tour-close">×</a> <h2>Welcome to OpenBook!</h2> <p>You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. 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Making"},"price":{},"free":{"0":"on"},"page_range":"177\u2013218","type":"pdf_chapter","binding":"pdfc","bind_type":"electronic","pages":["177","178","179","180","181","182","183","184","185","186","187","188","189","190","191","192","193","194","195","196","197","198","199","200","201","202","203","204","205","206","207","208","209","210","211","212","213","214","215","216","217","218"]},"8":{"sequence":"8","title":{"0":"References"},"price":{},"free":{"0":"on"},"page_range":"219\u2013246","type":"pdf_chapter","binding":"pdfc","bind_type":"electronic","pages":["219","220","221","222","223","224","225","226","227","228","229","230","231","232","233","234","235","236","237","238","239","240","241","242","243","244","245","246"]},"9":{"sequence":"9","title":{"0":"Appendix A: The Restoration Plan in Context"},"price":{},"free":{"0":"on"},"page_range":"247\u2013262","type":"pdf_chapter","binding":"pdfc","bind_type":"electronic","pages":["247","248","249","250","251","252","253","254","255","256","257","258","259","260","261","262"]},"10":{"sequence":"10","title":{"0":"Appendix B: The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Everglades Reports"},"price":{},"free":{"0":"on"},"page_range":"263\u2013272","type":"pdf_chapter","binding":"pdfc","bind_type":"electronic","pages":["263","264","265","266","267","268","269","270","271","272"]},"11":{"sequence":"11","title":{"0":"Appendix C: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff"},"price":{},"free":{"0":"on"},"page_range":"273\u2013280","type":"pdf_chapter","binding":"pdfc","bind_type":"electronic","pages":["273","274","275","276","277","278","279","280"]}},"citation":{"string":"National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <em>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024<\/em>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.","formats":{"bibtex":{"title":"Bibtex","url":"\/citation.php?type=bibtex&record_id=27875"},"endnote":{"title":"EndNote","url":"\/citation.php?type=enw&record_id=27875"},"ris":{"title":"Reference Manager","url":"\/citation.php?type=ris&record_id=27875"}}},"last_modified":"Tue, 07 Jan 2025 08:25:36 EST"}, myChapter: {"sequence":"1","title":{"0":"Front Matter"},"price":{},"free":{"0":"on"},"page_range":"i\u2013xxii","type":"pdf_chapter","binding":"pdfc","bind_type":"electronic","pages":["R1","R2","R3","R4","R5","R6","R7","R8","R9","R10","R11","R12","R13","R14","R15","R16","R17","R18","R19","R20","R21","R22"],"html":{"R1":"\n <span id=\"page_i\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"i\"><\/span>\n <p class=\"title\"><img role=\"presentation\" alt=\"\" src=\"\/openbook\/27875\/xhtml\/images\/img-1-1.jpg\" width=\"945\" height=\"181\"><\/p>\n <aside>\n <h1>Progress Toward<br>\n Restoring the Everglades<\/h1>\n <p class=\"title-1\"><b>The Tenth Biennial Review—2024<\/b><\/p>\n <p class=\"title-2\">__________<\/p>\n <p class=\"title-2\">Committee on Independent Scientific Review of<br>\n Everglades Restoration Progress<\/p>\n <p class=\"title-2\">Water Science and Technology Board<\/p>\n <p class=\"title-2\">Division on Earth and Life Studies<\/p>\n <\/aside>\n <p class=\"title-3\"><b>Consensus Study Report<\/b><\/p>\n\n","R2":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_ii\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"ii\"><\/span>\n <p class=\"crt-1\"><b>NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001<\/b><\/p>\n <p class=\"crt\">This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and the United States Department of the Army under Cooperative Agreement No. W912EP-15-2-0002 and by the South Florida Water Management District and the U.S. Department of the Interior. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.<\/p>\n <p class=\"crt\">International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-72305-3<br>\n International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-72305-1<br>\n Digital Object Identifier: <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/27875\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/27875<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"crt\">This publication is available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nap.edu\">http:\/\/www.nap.edu<\/a>.<\/p>\n <p class=\"crt\">Copyright 2024 by the National Academy of Sciences. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and National Academies Press and the graphical logos for each are all trademarks of the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.<\/p>\n <p class=\"crt\">Printed in the United States of America.<\/p>\n <p class=\"crt\">Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2024. <i>Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review—2024<\/i>. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/27875\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.17226\/27875<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R3":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_iii\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"iii\"><\/span>\n <p class=\"tx1-2\">The <b>National Academy of Sciences<\/b> was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx1-1\">The <b>National Academy of Engineering<\/b> was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx1-1\">The <b>National Academy of Medicine<\/b> (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx1-1\">The three Academies work together as the <b>National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine<\/b> to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx1-1\">Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at <b><a href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalacademies.org\">www.nationalacademies.org<\/a><\/b>.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R4":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_iv\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"iv\"><\/span>\n <p class=\"tx1-2\"><b>Consensus Study Reports<\/b> published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx1-1\"><b>Proceedings<\/b> published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx1-1\"><b>Rapid Expert Consultations<\/b> published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are authored by subject-matter experts on narrowly focused topics that can be supported by a body of evidence. The discussions contained in rapid expert consultations are considered those of the authors and do not contain policy recommendations. Rapid expert consultations are reviewed by the institution before release.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx1-1\">For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nationalacademies.org\/about\/whatwedo\">www.nationalacademies.org\/about\/whatwedo<\/a>.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R5":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_v\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"v\"><\/span>\n <h2 class=\"fm\">COMMITTEE ON INDEPENDENT SCIENTIFIC REVIEW OF EVERGLADES RESTORATION PROGRESS<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>JAMES SAIERS<\/b> (<i>Chair<\/i>), Yale University, New Haven, CT<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>CASEY BROWN,<\/b> University of Massachusetts Amherst<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>JOHN CALLAWAY,<\/b> University of San Francisco, CA<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>PHILIP M. DIXON,<\/b> Iowa State University, Ames<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>CHARLES T. DRISCOLL, JR. (NAE),<\/b> Syracuse University, NY<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>MARLA R. EMERY,<\/b> Norwegian Institute for Nature Research<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>MARGARET W. GITAU,<\/b> Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>WENDY D. GRAHAM,<\/b> University of Florida, Gainesville (<i>resigned November 2023<\/i>)<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>MATTHEW C. HARWELL,<\/b> U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Newport, OR<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>WILLIAM A. HOPKINS III,<\/b> Virginia Tech, Blacksburg<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>TRACY QUIRK,<\/b> Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>K. RAMESH REDDY,<\/b> University of Florida, Gainesville<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>HELEN M. REGAN,<\/b> University of California, Riverside<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>ALAN D. STEINMAN,<\/b> Grand Valley State University, Allendale, MI<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>JEFFREY R. WALTERS,<\/b> Virginia Tech, Blacksburg<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>DAVID L. WEGNER,<\/b> Woolpert Engineering, Tucson, AZ<\/p>\n <h3 class=\"fm\" id=\"frontmatter03_pz5-19\">Staff of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine<\/h3>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>STEPHANIE E. JOHNSON,<\/b> Study Director<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>NOEL WALTERS,<\/b> Associate Program Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>EMILY BERMUDEZ,<\/b> Senior Program Assistant <i>(until September 2024)<\/i><\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>SAMUEL KRAFT,<\/b> Senior Program Assistant (<i>as of April 2024<\/i>)<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R6":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_vi\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"vi\"><\/span>\n <h2 class=\"fm\">WATER SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY BOARD<\/h2>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>DAVID L. SEDLAK (NAE)<\/b> (<i>Chair<\/i>), University of California, Berkeley<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>NEWSHA AJAMI,<\/b> Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, CA<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>PEDRO J. ALVAREZ (NAE),<\/b> Rice University, Houston, TX<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>MARTIN DOYLE,<\/b> Duke University, Durham, NC<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>JORDAN R. FISCHBACH,<\/b> The Water Institute, Baton Rouge, LA<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>SHEMIN GE,<\/b> University of Colorado Boulder<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>ELLEN GILINSKY,<\/b> Ellen Gilinsky, LLC, Richmond, VA<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>ROBERT M. HIRSCH,<\/b> U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, VA<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>BRANKO KERKEZ,<\/b> University of Michigan, Ann Arbor<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>YUSUKE KUWAYAMA,<\/b> University of Maryland, Baltimore County<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>VENKATARAMAN LAKSHMI,<\/b> University of Virginia, Charlottesville<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>CAMILLE PANNU,<\/b> Columbia University, New York, NY<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>AMY PRUDEN,<\/b> Virginia Tech, Blacksburg<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>JENNIFER TANK,<\/b> University of Notre Dame, IN<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>CRYSTAL L. TULLEY-CORDOVA,<\/b> Navajo Nation Department of Water Resources, Window Rock, AZ<\/p>\n <h3 class=\"fm\" id=\"frontmatter04_pz6-18\">Staff of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine<\/h3>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>DEBORAH GLICKSON,<\/b> Director<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>LAURA J. EHLERS,<\/b> Senior Program Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>STEPHANIE E. JOHNSON,<\/b> Senior Program Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>M. JEANNE AQUILINO,<\/b> Financial Business Partner<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>CHARLES BURGIS,<\/b> Program Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>MARGO REGIER,<\/b> Program Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>JONATHAN M. TUCKER,<\/b> Program Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>NOEL WALTERS,<\/b> Associate Program Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>MAYA FREY,<\/b> Senior Program Assistant<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>SAMUEL KRAFT,<\/b> Senior Program Assistant<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>MILES LANSING,<\/b> Senior Program Assistant<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>BRYAN RUFF,<\/b> Senior Program Assistant<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R7":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_vii\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"vii\"><\/span>\n <h2>Reviewers<\/h2>\n <p class=\"tx\">This Consensus Study Report was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\">We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:<\/p>\n <aside>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>MICHELLE BAUMFLEK,<\/b> U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>BILL BOGGESS,<\/b> Oregon State University<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>KATE BUENAU,<\/b> Pacific Northwest National Laboratory<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>DAWN D. DAVIS,<\/b> Idaho National Laboratory<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>FRANK W. DAVIS,<\/b> University of California, Santa Barbara<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>BENJAMIN KIRTMAN,<\/b> University of Miami<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>JOHN KOMINOSKI,<\/b> Florida International University<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>BETH ROSE MIDDLETON MANNING,<\/b> University of California, Davis<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>DENISE J. REED,<\/b> University of New Orleans<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>CHADWIN B. SMITH,<\/b> Headwaters Corporation<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>DENICE WARDROP,<\/b> The Pennsylvania State University<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\"><b>JOHN WIENS,<\/b> Colorado State University<\/p>\n <\/aside>\n <p class=\"tx\">Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations of this report nor did they see the final draft before its release.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R8":"\n <p class=\"tx1\"><span id=\"page_viii\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"viii\"><\/span>The review of this report was overseen by <b>CHRIS T. HENDRICKSON (NAE),<\/b> Carnegie Mellon University, and <b>CATHERINE L. KLING (NAS),<\/b> Cornell University. They were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies.<\/p>\n\n","R9":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_ix\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"ix\"><\/span>\n <h2>Acknowledgments<\/h2>\n <p class=\"tx\">The study committee and staff would like to respectfully acknowledge the Miccosukee and the Seminole Peoples, past and present, and the Calusa, Tequesta, Jeaga, Ais, and Mayaimi Peoples before them—the original and current caretakers of Everglades’ land, water, and air. The study committee and staff would also like to gratefully acknowledge the Native peoples on whose ancestral homelands they live and work. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine are physically housed on the traditional land of the Nacotchtank (Anacostan) and Piscataway Peoples, past and present. The committee and staff honor and respect the enduring relationship that exists between Native peoples and nations and this land. The committee and staff thank these peoples for their resilience in protecting this land and aspire to uphold our responsibilities to their example.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\">Many individuals assisted the committee and staff in their task to create this report. We would like to express our appreciation to Robert Johnson, U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI); Gina Ralph, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE); and Amanda Kahn, South Florida Water Management District (SFWMD), who served as agency liaisons to the committee. We would also like to thank the following people who gave presentations, participated in panel discussions, provided public comment to the committee, or served as field trip guides.<\/p>\n <aside>\n <p class=\"hang\">Andrea Atkinson, National Park Service (NPS)<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Nick Aumen, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Steve Baisden, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Bill Baker, MacVicar Consulting<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Marcel Bozas, Florida International University (FIU)<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Ken Bradshaw, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Laura Brandt, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS)<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Liz Caneja, SFWMD<\/p>\n <\/aside>\n <\/section>\n\n","R10":"\n <aside>\n <span id=\"page_x\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"x\"><\/span>\n <p class=\"hang\">Amy Castaneda, Miccosukee Tribe<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Eric Cline, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Carlos Coronado, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Kelly Cox, Everglades Coalition<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Dan Crawford, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Kevin Cunniff, Miccosukee Tribe<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Reverend Houston Cypress, Miccosukee Tribe<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Laura D’Acunto, USGS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Steve Davis, Everglades Foundation<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Tylan Dean, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Kevin Donaldson, Miccosukee Tribe<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Angie Dunn, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Mikhael Elfenbein, Cypress Chapter Izaak Walton League of America<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Tabitha Elkington, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Gretchen Ehlinger, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Morgan Elmer, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Jason Engle, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">James Erskine, Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC)<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Chrissie Figueroa, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Tom Forsyth, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Michael Frank, Miccosukee Tribe Everglades Advisory Committee<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Tom Frazer, University of South Florida<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Cristina Gauthier-Hernandez, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Adam Gelber, DOI<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Nicholas Gonzalez, Miccosukee Tribe<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Timothy Gysan, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Officer Holland, Wildlife Police Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Bonnie Irving, FWS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Marci Jackson, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Jennifer John, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Jennifer Jurado, Broward Co.<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Amanda Kahn, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Fahmida Khatun, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Phyllis Klarman, RECOVER<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Corporal Rusty Lacy, Wildlife Police Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Jacob Larsson, FWC<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Jennifer Leeds, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Tom MacVicar, MacVicar Consulting<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Carolina Maran, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Jenna May, USACE<\/p>\n <\/aside>\n\n","R11":"\n <aside>\n <span id=\"page_xi\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xi\"><\/span>\n <p class=\"hang\">Amanda McKenzie, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Miles Meyer, FWS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Brenda Mills, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Kristen Mills, Miccosukee Tribe<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Melodie Naja, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Sergeant Sergio Najera, Wildlife Police Officer<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Melissa Nasuti, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Sue Newman, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Nicole Niemeyer, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Thomas Oates<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Jayantha Obeysekera, FIU<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Edward Ornstein, Miccosukee Tribe<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Betty Osceola, Miccosukee Tribe Everglades Advisory Committee<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Mindy Parrott, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Rajendra Paudel, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Mark Perry, Everglades Coalition<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Armando Ramirez, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Stephanie Romañach, USGS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Eve Samples, Friends of the Everglades<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Colin Saunders, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Debby Scerno, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Matthew Schwartz, University of West Florida<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Fred Sklar, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Ed Smith, Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP)<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Mailin Sotolongo-Lopez, FDEP<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Erik Stabenau, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">John Stamm, USGS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Donatto Surratt, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Jordan Tedio, FDEP<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Cindy Thomas, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Michael Tompkins, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Craig van der Heiden, Miccosukee Tribe<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Zulamet Vega-Liriano, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Eva Velez, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Kim Vitek, USACE<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Leslye Waugh, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Erin White, NPS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Walter Wilcox, SFWMD<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Larry Williams, FWS<\/p>\n <p class=\"hang\">Chris Wittman, Captains for Clean Water<\/p>\n <\/aside>\n\n","R12":"\n <p class=\"h44\">This page intentionally left blank.<\/p>\n\n","R13":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_xiii\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xiii\"><\/span>\n <h2>Contents<\/h2>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-2\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/1#frontmatter07_pz13-2_1\">PREFACE<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-3\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/1#frontmatter08_pz13-3_1\">ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-4\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/2#frontmatter09_pz13-4_1\">SUMMARY<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-5\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/3#chapter01_pz13-5_1\">1 INTRODUCTION<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-6\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/3#chapter01_pz38-5\">The National Academies and Everglades Restoration<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-7\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/3#chapter01_pz43-3\">Report Organization<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-8\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/4#chapter02_pz13-8_1\">2 RESTORATION PROGRESS<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-9\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/4#chapter02_pz45-4\">Programmatic Progress<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-10\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/4#chapter02_pz48-4\">Natural System Restoration Progress<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-11\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/4#chapter02_pz106-2\">Issues That May Impact Progress: Water Quality<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-12\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/4#chapter02_pz125-4\">Conclusions and Recommendations<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-13\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/5#chapter03_pz13-13_1\">3 APPLYING INDIGENOUS KNOWLEDGE IN THE COMPREHENSIVE EVERGLADES RESTORATION PLAN<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-15\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/5#chapter03_pz130-2\">Place of Miccosukee and Seminole Tribes in the Everglades and Its Significance to Their Livelihoods and Cultures<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-17\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/5#chapter03_pz135-5\">Collaboration with Everglades Tribes<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-18\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/5#chapter03_pz138-3\">Assessment of CERP Tribal Consultation and Collaboration Over Time<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-20\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/5#chapter03_pz148-3\">Indigenous Knowledge and the Scientific Process<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-21\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/5#chapter03_pz148-4\">Best Practices for Integration of Indigenous Knowledge in Florida Everglades Restoration<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-23\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/5#chapter03_pz165-5\">CERP-Specific Examples of Ways to Improve Application of Indigenous Knowledge<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz13-25\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/5#chapter03_pz171-3\">Conclusions and Recommendations<\/a><\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R14":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_xiv\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xiv\"><\/span>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-1\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/6#chapter04_pz14-1_1\">4 APPLICATION OF TOOLS TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-3\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/6#chapter04_pz176-8\">Climate Scenarios for Restoration Planning and Management<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-4\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/6#chapter04_pz180-2\">Sediment Accretion Modeling for Restoration Decision Making in Light of Sea-Level Rise<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-6\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/6#chapter04_pz187-2\">Models for Assessing Ecological Responses to Climate Change<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-7\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/6#chapter04_pz191-2\">Integration<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-8\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/6#chapter04_pz194-4\">Application of Climate Tools for Adaptation of Operations<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-9\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/6#chapter04_pz195-3\">Conclusions and Recommendations<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-10\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/7#chapter05_pz14-10_1\">5 ADAPTIVE MANAGEMENT AND USE OF NEW INFORMATION IN DECISION MAKING<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-12\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/7#chapter05_pz202-5\">Adaptive Management Process Guidance from RECOVER<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-13\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/7#chapter05_pz206-3\">Evaluation of CERP Adaptive Management and Incorporating New Information into CERP Decision Making<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-15\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/7#chapter05_pz229-4\">Revisiting the Building Blocks of Adaptive Management<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc-1\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-16\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/7#chapter05_pz236-1\">Conclusions and Recommendations<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-17\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/8#backmatter01_pz14-17_1\">REFERENCES<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a href=\"247.xhtml\">APPENDIXES<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc\"><a id=\"content-toc_pz14-19\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/9#backmatter02_pz14-19_1\">A The Restoration Plan in Context<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc0\"><a id=\"content-toc_Ar_D\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/10#backmatter03_Ar_D_1\">B The National Academies of Sciences<\/a><\/p>\n <p class=\"toc0\"><a id=\"content-toc_Aqx\" href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/11#backmatter04_Aqx_1\">C Biographical Sketches of Committee Members and Staff<\/a><\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R15":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_xv\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xv\"><\/span>\n <h2 id=\"frontmatter07_pz13-2_1\"><a href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/1#content-toc_pz13-2\">Preface<\/a><\/h2>\n <p class=\"tx\">The Everglades is a treasure. It supports a remarkable diversity of birds, fish, reptiles, and mammals and encompasses landscapes unlike those anywhere else on the planet. As the homeland of the Seminole and Miccosukee, the Everglades has provided sustenance and shelter essential to their lives and serves as a center of cultural activities and sacred traditions that have been passed down through the generations. The Everglades also benefits the burgeoning population along South Florida’s coastline by providing storm-surge protection, recharging drinking-water aquifers, attracting tourism that contributes to local economies, and offering recreational opportunities that enrich the lives of the region’s residents.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\">That this natural wonder was once regarded as a nuisance and impediment to progress now seems unfathomable, but this was the undeserved reputation that the Everglades endured through much of the 20th century as it was replumbed to accommodate agriculture and development. Nearly every part of the Everglades was affected. At the top of the watershed, the once-meandering Kissimmee River was straightened and channelized, cutting off its connection with the floodplain. Lake Okeechobee, the so-called liquid heart of the Everglades, was isolated from the surrounding marsh by an earthen levee, and the lion’s share of sheet flow that once sustained the ridge-and-slough landscape and fed the southern estuaries was short-circuited through a maze of canals to the Atlantic Ocean. With drainage enabling the expansion of agriculture, excess phosphorus runoff from poorly managed fertilizer applications caused water quality impairments that propagated throughout much of the system, from Lake Okeechobee and the coastal estuaries to the freshwater marshes of the central and western Everglades. The loss of water storage and hydrologic connectivity, coupled with water quality degradation, led to widespread habitat loss and left ecosystems throughout the Everglades struggling to support their wildlife and sustain ecosystem services upon which South Florida residents rely.<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R16":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_xvi\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xvi\"><\/span>\n <p class=\"tx\">Marjory Stoneman Douglas and other visionaries recognized that the Everglades was in trouble even before large-scale drainage began in 1948 with the launch of the Central and Southern Florida Project for Flood Control. Unfortunately, more than half the original Everglades was gone and much of the remaining fraction impacted by the time a plan to halt Everglades degradation was conceived. In 2000, Congress authorized the Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan (CERP), the world’s largest ecosystem restoration effort intended to restore, preserve, and protect the South Florida ecosystem by addressing the quantity, quality, timing, and distribution of water while providing for water supply and flood protection.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\">The CERP is daring and ambitious, originally consisting of 68 projects outlined in the Yellow Book that were projected to take 30 years to complete. Recognizing the scale of the challenge, Congress recommended that an independent scientific review be conducted on progress toward restoration on a regular basis. In response, the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine formed the Committee on Independent Scientific Review of Everglades Restoration Progress (CISRERP) in 2004. This report represents the tenth biennial review of the CERP by this committee.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\">CISRERP is comprised of natural scientists, social scientists, and engineers specializing in ecosystem restoration; wetland ecology; water resources; climate change; environmental policy; adaptive management; program administration; and ecological, water quality, and hydrological modeling. These experts were selected for their eminence in their fields and for their record of accomplishment in addressing issues relevant to Everglades restoration. Over a 12-month period, the committee met in-person on four occasions and in many additional virtual meetings, when it heard oral presentations on the various dimensions of Everglades restoration and had discussions with federal and state personnel, Tribal representatives, academic scientists, interest groups, members of nongovernmental organizations, and the public. Outside of these meetings, the committee read thousands of pages of reports and peer-reviewed literature, synthesized and drafted its findings, and made revisions based on committee-wide feedback. I am extremely grateful for the energy and thoughtful efforts that this distinguished group dedicated to these important tasks and have been inspired by the respectful way the members engaged with one another and worked collegially to produce this document. The 2024 CISRERP report represents the consensus assessment of the committee on restoration accomplishments and challenges that have emerged primarily over the past 2 years but also over the 24 years since the CERP was authorized.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\">CISRERP could not have completed its work without Stephanie Johnson, Emily Bermudez, and Noel Walters, talented staff of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. This is the tenth iteration of CISRERP,<\/p>\n <\/section>\n\n","R17":"\n <p class=\"tx1\"><span id=\"page_xvii\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xvii\"><\/span>and Stephanie Johnson has served as study director for every one of them. It is a great fortune to this committee and, more generally, to the quality of the review process that Stephanie is able to reprise this important role. Stephanie has an extraordinary command of the science, engineering, and policy that underpin the CERP, and she has built a well-respected reputation that enables her to convene members across the Everglades community to familiarize CISRERP of the latest developments and unaddressed challenges. The information that Stephanie is uniquely able to provide was essential to mapping the course of this report, and her leadership, analytical thinking, and determination were critical in assisting the committee to develop its ideas and insights into a coherent narrative. Emily Bermudez provided key technical and logistical support before, during, and after each meeting, and Noel Walters provided support for production of the report. On behalf of the entire committee, I wish to express our gratitude and admiration for the exceptional abilities and valuable contributions of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine staff. The task would have been impossible without them.<\/p>\n <p class=\"tx\">The committee is indebted to many people for information and resources they provided. The committee’s technical liaisons—Gina Ralph, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers; Robert Johnson, U.S. Department of the Interior; and Amanda Kahn, South Florida Water Management District—responded to numerous information requests and facilitated the committee’s access to agency resources and expertise. The committee also wishes to thank the numerous individuals who shared their views on Everglades restoration through presentations, field trips, and public comments (see Acknowledgments).<\/p>\n <p class=\"txr-1\">James Saiers, <i>Chair<\/i><\/p>\n <p class=\"txr-2\">Committee on Independent Scientific<\/p>\n <p class=\"txr-2\">Review of Everglades Restoration Progress<\/p>\n\n","R18":"\n <p class=\"h44\">This page intentionally left blank.<\/p>\n\n","R19":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_xix\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xix\"><\/span>\n <h2 id=\"frontmatter08_pz13-3_1\"><a href=\"\/read\/27875\/chapter\/1#content-toc_pz13-3\">Acronyms and Abbreviations<\/a><\/h2>\n <table style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"table0\">\n <colgroup>\n <col style=\"width: 20%;\">\n <col style=\"width: 80%;\">\n <\/colgroup>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>AF<\/td>\n <td>acre-foot<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>AFR<\/td>\n <td>Adaptive Foundational Resilience<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>AMI<\/td>\n <td>Active Marsh Improvement<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>ASR<\/td>\n <td>aquifer storage and recovery<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">BBCW<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Biscayne Bay Coastal Wetlands<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>BBSEER<\/td>\n <td>Biscayne Bay and Southeastern Everglades Ecosystem Restoration<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>BISECT<\/td>\n <td>Biscayne and Southern Everglades Coastal Transport<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>BMP<\/td>\n <td>best management practice<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">CEM<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">conceptual ecological model<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>CEPP<\/td>\n <td>Central Everglades Planning Project<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>CEQ<\/td>\n <td>Council on Environmental Quality<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>CERP<\/td>\n <td>Comprehensive Everglades Restoration Plan<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>CFR<\/td>\n <td>Code of Federal Regulations<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>CISRERP<\/td>\n <td>Committee on Independent Scientific Review of Everglades Restoration Progress<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>CMIP<\/td>\n <td>Coupled Model Intercomparison Project<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>COP<\/td>\n <td>Combined Operational Plan<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>CROGEE<\/td>\n <td>Committee on the Restoration of the Greater Everglades Ecosystem<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">DOI<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">U.S. Department of the Interior<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>DPM<\/td>\n <td>Decomp Physical Model<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">EAA<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Everglades Agricultural Area<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>EAV<\/td>\n <td>emergent aquatic vegetation<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/section>\n\n","R20":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_xx\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xx\"><\/span>\n <table style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"table0\">\n <colgroup>\n <col style=\"width: 20%;\">\n <col style=\"width: 80%;\">\n <\/colgroup>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td>ECB<\/td>\n <td>existing conditions baseline<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>EDEN<\/td>\n <td>Everglades Depth Estimation Network<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>ENSO<\/td>\n <td>El Niño–Southern Oscillation<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>EDR<\/td>\n <td>Engineering Documentation Report<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>EIS<\/td>\n <td>environmental impact statement<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>EPA<\/td>\n <td>U.S. Environmental Protection Agency<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>ERTP<\/td>\n <td>Everglades Restoration Transition Plan<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>ESA<\/td>\n <td>Endangered Species Act<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>EVA<\/td>\n <td>Everglades Vulnerability Analysis<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">FCE<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Florida Coastal Everglades<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FDEP<\/td>\n <td>Florida Department of Environmental Protection<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FEB<\/td>\n <td>flow equalization basin<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FWC<\/td>\n <td>Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FWM<\/td>\n <td>flow-weighted mean<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FWO<\/td>\n <td>future without<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FWS<\/td>\n <td>U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>FY<\/td>\n <td>fiscal year<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">GCM<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">General Circulation Model<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>GRR<\/td>\n <td>General Reevaluation Report<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">IDS<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Integrated Delivery Schedule<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>IPRL<\/td>\n <td>Invasive Plant Research Laboratory<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>IQA<\/td>\n <td>Information Quality Act<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>IRL-South<\/td>\n <td>Indian River Lagoon-South<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">JEM<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Joint Ecosystem Modeling<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">LILA<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Loxahatchee Impoundment Landscape Assessment<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>LNWR<\/td>\n <td>Arthur R. Marshall Loxahatchee National Wildlife Refuge<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>LOCAR<\/td>\n <td>Lake Okeechobee Component A Reservoir<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>LORS<\/td>\n <td>Lake Okeechobee Regulation Schedule<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>LOSOM<\/td>\n <td>Lake Okeechobee System Operating Manual<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>LOWRP<\/td>\n <td>Lake Okeechobee Watershed Restoration Project<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>LRR<\/td>\n <td>Limited Reevaluation Report<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>LTER<\/td>\n <td>Long-Term Ecological Research<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">MGD<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">million gallons per day<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/section>\n\n","R21":"\n <section>\n <span id=\"page_xxi\" epub:type=\"pagebreak\" title=\"xxi\"><\/span>\n <table style=\"width: 100%;\" class=\"table0\">\n <colgroup>\n <col style=\"width: 20%;\">\n <col style=\"width: 80%;\">\n <\/colgroup>\n <tbody>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">NEPA<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">National Environmental Policy Act<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>NGVD<\/td>\n <td>National Geodetic Vertical Datum<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">OSTP<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Office of Science and Technology Policy<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">PACR<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Post-Authorization Change Report<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>PED<\/td>\n <td>Preconstruction Engineering and Design<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>PIR<\/td>\n <td>Project Implementation Report<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>POM<\/td>\n <td>Project Operating Manual<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>ppb<\/td>\n <td>parts per billion<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">RCW<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">red-cockaded woodpecker<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>RECOVER<\/td>\n <td>Restoration, Coordination, and Verification<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>RSM<\/td>\n <td>Regional Simulation Model<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>RSM-GL<\/td>\n <td>Regional Simulation Model for the Glades and Lower East Coast Service Areas<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">SAV<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">submerged aquatic vegetation<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>SFWMD<\/td>\n <td>South Florida Water Management District<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>SOM<\/td>\n <td>System Operating Manual<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>SOP<\/td>\n <td>Standard Operating Procedure<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>STA<\/td>\n <td>stormwater treatment area<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">TBD<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">to be determined<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>TMDL<\/td>\n <td>total maximum daily load<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>TP<\/td>\n <td>total phosphorus<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">USACE<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">U.S. Army Corps of Engineers<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>USDA<\/td>\n <td>U.S. Department of Agriculture<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>USGS<\/td>\n <td>U.S. Geological Survey<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td class=\"tdt\">WCA<\/td>\n <td class=\"tdt\">Water Conservation Area<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>WERP<\/td>\n <td>Western Everglades Restoration Project<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>WIIN Act<\/td>\n <td>Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>WPA<\/td>\n <td>Water Preserve Area<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>WQBEL<\/td>\n <td>water quality–based effluent limit<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>WRDA<\/td>\n <td>Water Resources Development Act<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>WRRDA<\/td>\n <td>Water Resources Reform and Development Act<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <tr>\n <td>WY<\/td>\n <td>water year<\/td>\n <\/tr>\n <\/tbody>\n <\/table>\n <\/section>\n\n","R22":"\n <p class=\"h44\">This page intentionally left blank.<\/p>\n\n"}}, user: null, formats: {"image":"gif","html":"xhtml","dimensions":{"width":1200,"height":1714}}, directory: "27875", currentPage: 'R1', firstPage: 'R1', lastPage: '280', pagesRead: [] }; </script> <script src="/read/js/clipboard.js"></script> <script src="/read/js/vendor.min.js"></script> <script src="/read/js/jquery.highlight.js"></script> <script src="/read/js/openbook.js"></script> <script language="javascript"> /* var $overlay = $('.info-overlay'); if(! docCookies.hasItem("overlay")){ document.cookie="overlay=1; path=/"; window.setTimeout(function(){ $overlay.addClass('active').css('zIndex', '1200'); $overlay.find('img').attr('src', function() { return $(this).data('original'); }); }, 1000); } */ </script>  </body> </html>

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Front Matter | Progress Toward Restoring the Everglades: The Tenth Biennial Review - 2024 | The National Academies Press