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Wikipedia </a> </li> <li class="toggle-list-item "> <a class="toggle-list-item__anchor menu__item--disclaimers" href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer" data-mw="interface"> Disclaimers </a> </li> </ul> </div> <label class="main-menu-mask" for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet 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title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> Language </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=RELX" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> Watch </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Edit </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=PopVerse&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="PopVerse">PopVerse</a>)</div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the employment agency, see <a href="/wiki/Reed_(company)" title="Reed (company)">Reed (company)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1242257876">.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-label{padding-right:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-company .infobox-below{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-logo img{background-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .ib-company-locality,.mw-parser-output .ib-company-country{display:inline}</style>RELX plc (pronounced "Rel-ex") is a British<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> <a href="/wiki/Multinational_corporation" title="Multinational corporation">multinational</a> information and analytics company headquartered in <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England. Its businesses provide <a href="/wiki/Scientific" class="mw-redirect" title="Scientific">scientific</a>, technical and <a href="/wiki/Medical" class="mw-redirect" title="Medical">medical</a> information and analytics; legal information and analytics; decision-making tools; and organise exhibitions. It operates in 40 countries and serves customers in over 180 nations.<a href="#cite_note-20F2017-3">[3]</a> It was previously known as Reed Elsevier, and came into being in 1993 as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and Elsevier, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher. <table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">RELX plc</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image ib-company-logo logo"><a href="/wiki/File:RELX_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/RELX_logo.svg/220px-RELX_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="57" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/RELX_logo.svg/330px-RELX_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/RELX_logo.svg/440px-RELX_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="171" data-file-height="44"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Company type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Public_limited_company" title="Public limited company">Public</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Ticker_symbol" title="Ticker symbol">Traded as</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">LSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.londonstockexchange.com/stock/REL//">REL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Euronext_Amsterdam" title="Euronext Amsterdam">Euronext Amsterdam</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://euronext.com/products/equities/GB00B2B0DG97-XAMS/quotes">REN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">NYSE</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nyse.com/quote/XNYS:RELX">RELX</a> (<a href="/wiki/American_Depositary_Receipt" class="mw-redirect" title="American Depositary Receipt">ADR</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100</a> component</li><li><a href="/wiki/AEX_index" title="AEX index">AEX</a> component</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Securities_Identification_Number" title="International Securities Identification Number">ISIN</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a class="external text" href="https://isin.toolforge.org/?language=en&isin=GB00B2B0DG97">GB00B2B0DG97</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Industry</th><td class="infobox-data category">Information and analytics</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li><li>Reed International PLC</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">August 1993; 31 years ago (1993-08) (by merger)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, England, UK</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data agent"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Walker_(businessman)" title="Paul Walker (businessman)">Paul Ashton Walker</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chairperson" class="mw-redirect" title="Chairperson">chairperson</a>)</li><li><a href="/wiki/Erik_Engstr%C3%B6m" title="Erik Engström">Erik Engström</a> (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a>)</li><li>Nick Luff (<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CFO</a>)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Products</th><td class="infobox-data">Information and data analytics, <a href="/wiki/Academic_publishing" title="Academic publishing">academic</a> and business publishing, exhibitions</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> £9.161 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Earnings_before_interest_and_taxes" title="Earnings before interest and taxes">Operating income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> £2.682 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Net_income" title="Net income">Net income</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> £1.788 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Asset" title="Asset">Total assets</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> £14.917 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Equity_(finance)" title="Equity (finance)">Total equity</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Decrease" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/11px-Decrease2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/17px-Decrease2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/Decrease2.svg/22px-Decrease2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300"> £3.439 billion (2023)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Number of employees</div></th><td class="infobox-data"> 36,500 (2023)<a href="#cite_note-results-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Subsidiary" title="Subsidiary">Subsidiaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist nowrap"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a></li><li>RX</li><li><a href="/wiki/LexisNexis_Risk_Solutions" title="LexisNexis Risk Solutions">LexisNexis Risk Solutions</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://relx.com">relx.com</a></td></tr></tbody></table> The company is publicly listed, with shares traded on the <a href="/wiki/London_Stock_Exchange" title="London Stock Exchange">London Stock Exchange</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam_Stock_Exchange" class="mw-redirect" title="Amsterdam Stock Exchange">Amsterdam Stock Exchange</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stock_Exchange" title="New York Stock Exchange">New York Stock Exchange</a> (ticker symbols: London: REL, Amsterdam: REN, New York: RELX). The company is one of the constituents of the <a href="/wiki/FTSE_100_Index" title="FTSE 100 Index">FTSE 100 Index</a>, <a href="/wiki/AEX_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="AEX Index">AEX Index</a>, <a href="/wiki/Financial_Times_Global_500" title="Financial Times Global 500">Financial Times Global 500</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euronext_100" title="Euronext 100">Euronext 100</a> Index. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="#Reed_International">1.1 Reed International</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Elsevier_NV">1.2 Elsevier NV</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Cahners_Publishing">1.3 Cahners Publishing</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Reed_Elsevier_and_RELX">1.4 Reed Elsevier and RELX</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-6"><a href="#Significant_acquisitions">1.4.1 Significant acquisitions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-7"><a href="#Significant_divestments">1.4.2 Significant divestments</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Operations_and_market_segments">2 Operations and market segments</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Scientific,_Technical_&_Medical">2.1 Scientific, Technical & Medical</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Risk_Management">2.2 Risk Management</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="#Accuity_Inc.">2.2.1 Accuity Inc.</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-12"><a href="#Cirium">2.2.2 Cirium</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="#Legal">2.3 Legal</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="#Exhibitions">2.4 Exhibitions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="#Governance">3 Governance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="#Corporate_affairs">4 Corporate affairs</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="#Corporate_strategy">4.1 Corporate strategy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-18"><a href="#Financial_performance">4.2 Financial performance</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-19"><a href="#Social_responsibility">4.3 Social responsibility</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="#Controversy">5 Controversy</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="#Mercury_contamination_in_Grassy_Narrows">5.1 Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="#Academic_journal_prices">5.2 Academic journal prices</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-23"><a href="#2019_UC_system_negotiations">5.3 2019 UC system negotiations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-24"><a href="#Privacy">5.4 Privacy</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-25"><a href="#Defence_exhibitions">5.5 Defence exhibitions</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-26"><a href="#Collaboration_with_U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_(ICE)">5.6 Collaboration with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-27"><a href="#Support_for_fossil_fuel_expansion">5.7 Support for fossil fuel expansion</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-28"><a href="#See_also">6 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-29"><a href="#References">7 References</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-30"><a href="#Citations">7.1 Citations</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-31"><a href="#Sources">7.2 Sources</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-32"><a href="#External_links">8 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> The company, which was previously known as Reed Elsevier, came into being in 1993, as a result of the merger of Reed International, a British trade book and magazine publisher, and <a href="/wiki/Elsevier" title="Elsevier">Elsevier</a>, a Netherlands-based scientific publisher.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The company re-branded itself as RELX in February 2015.<a href="#cite_note-rename-5">[5]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reed_International">Reed International</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Reed International" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1895, <a href="/wiki/Albert_Edwin_Reed" title="Albert Edwin Reed">Albert E. Reed</a> established a <a href="/wiki/Newsprint" title="Newsprint">newsprint</a> manufacturing operation at <a href="/wiki/Loose_Stream" title="Loose Stream">Tovil Mill</a> near <a href="/wiki/Maidstone" title="Maidstone">Maidstone</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> The Reed family were <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodists</a> and encouraged good working conditions for their staff in the then-dangerous print trade.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> In 1965, Reed Group, as it was then known, became a <a href="/wiki/Conglomerate_(company)" title="Conglomerate (company)">conglomerate</a>, creating its Decorative Products Division with the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Crown_Paints" title="Crown Paints">Crown Paints</a>, <a href="/wiki/Polycell_Kingston" class="mw-redirect" title="Polycell Kingston">Polycell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Sanderson_%26_Sons" title="Arthur Sanderson & Sons">Sanderson</a>'s wallpaper and <a href="/wiki/Do_it_yourself" title="Do it yourself">DIY</a> decorating interests.<a href="#cite_note-sand-8">[8]</a> In 1970, Reed Group merged with the <a href="/wiki/Time_Inc._UK" class="mw-redirect" title="Time Inc. UK">International Publishing Corporation</a> and the company name was changed to Reed International Limited.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> The company continued to grow by merging with other publishers and produced high quality trade journals as IPC Business Press Ltd and women's and other consumer magazines as IPC magazines Ltd.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> Reed entered the United States in 1977 by acquiring Cahners Publications, founded by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cahners" title="Norman Cahners">Norman Cahners</a>.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> In 1985, the company decided to rationalise its operations, focusing on publishing and selling off its other interests. Sanderson was sold to <a href="/wiki/WestPoint_Home" title="WestPoint Home">WestPoint Pepperell, Inc.</a> of <a href="/wiki/Georgia_(U.S._state)" title="Georgia (U.S. state)">Georgia</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, that year,<a href="#cite_note-sand-8">[8]</a> while <a href="/wiki/Crown_Paints" title="Crown Paints">Crown Paint</a> and Polycell were sold to <a href="/wiki/Williams_Holdings" title="Williams Holdings">Williams Holdings</a> in 1987.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a> The company's paper and packaging production operations were bundled together to form Reedpack and sold to <a href="/wiki/Private_equity" title="Private equity">private equity</a> firm <a href="/wiki/Cinven" title="Cinven">Cinven</a> in 1988.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Reed expanded its publishing by acquiring <a href="/wiki/Control_Engineering_(magazine)" title="Control Engineering (magazine)">Technical Publishing</a> from <a href="/wiki/Dun_%26_Bradstreet" title="Dun & Bradstreet">Dun & Bradstreet</a>.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG/230px-Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG" decoding="async" width="230" height="307" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2448" data-file-height="3264"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 230px;height: 307px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG/230px-Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG" data-width="230" data-height="307" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG/345px-Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG/460px-Millennium_Tower_Amsterdam_Westpoort_Reed_Elsevier_20140622.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption>Amsterdam headquarters of Elsevier</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Elsevier_NV">Elsevier NV</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Elsevier NV" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In 1880, Jacobus George Robbers started a publishing company called NV Uitgeversmaatschappij Elsevier (Elsevier Publishing Company NV) to publish literary classics and the encyclopedia <a href="/wiki/Winkler_Prins" title="Winkler Prins">Winkler Prins</a>.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> Robbers named the company after the old Dutch printers family <a href="/wiki/House_of_Elzevir" title="House of Elzevir">Elzevir</a>,<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> which, for example, published the works of <a href="/wiki/Erasmus" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> in 1587. Elsevier NV originally was based in <a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a> but moved to <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> in the late 1880s.<a href="#cite_note-history-6">[6]</a> Up to the 1930s, Elsevier remained a small family-owned publisher, with no more than ten employees. After the war it launched the weekly <a href="/wiki/Elsevier_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elsevier (magazine)">Elsevier</a> magazine, which turned out to be very profitable. A rapid expansion followed. Elsevier Press Inc. started in 1951 in <a href="/wiki/Houston" title="Houston">Houston</a>, Texas, USA, and in 1962 publishing offices were opened in London and New York. Multiple mergers in the 1970s led to name changes, settling at "Elsevier Scientific Publishers" in 1979. In 1991, two years before the merger with Reed, Elsevier acquired <a href="/wiki/Pergamon_Press" title="Pergamon Press">Pergamon Press</a> in the UK.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cahners_Publishing">Cahners Publishing</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Cahners Publishing" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Cahners Publishing, founded by <a href="/wiki/Norman_Cahners" title="Norman Cahners">Norman Cahners</a>, was the largest U.S. publisher of trade<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> or business magazines as of his death in 1986. Reed International acquired the company in 1977.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reed_Elsevier_and_RELX">Reed Elsevier and RELX</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reed Elsevier and RELX" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Significant_acquisitions">Significant acquisitions</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Significant acquisitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Division or subsidiary of RELX </th> <th style="width: 8em">Date </th> <th>Acquisition </th> <th>Value </th></tr> <tr> <td>Cahners Publishing </td> <td>1986-09 </td> <td>Technical Publishing Inc, a publisher of industrial, medical and technology trade magazines, from <a href="/wiki/Dun_%26_Bradstreet" title="Dun & Bradstreet">Dun & Bradstreet</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>250 million<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>1993-08 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Official_Airline_Guides" class="mw-redirect" title="Official Airline Guides">Official Airline Guides</a> Inc, a publisher of airline schedules </td> <td><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">$</a>425 million<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>1994-10 </td> <td>LexisNexis, an on-line information business </td> <td>$1.5 billion<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>1997-03 </td> <td>MDL Information Systems Inc, a US software systems and information database developer </td> <td>$320M<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>1997-06 </td> <td>Chilton Business Group, a US business information publishing company </td> <td>$447M<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>1998-04 </td> <td>Matthew Bender & Company Inc, a US publisher of legal information </td> <td>$1.65bn<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>2000-10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Harcourt_(publisher)" title="Harcourt (publisher)">Harcourt</a>, an education publishing business </td> <td>$4.5bn plus debt<a href="#cite_note-23">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis </td> <td>2004-07 </td> <td>Seisint of <a href="/wiki/Boca_Raton,_Florida" title="Boca Raton, Florida">Boca Raton, Florida</a>, which provided the company with access to HPCC Systems for the first time </td> <td>$775M<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>2005-05 </td> <td>Medimedia, a medical publisher whose imprints included <a href="/wiki/Medicine_Publishing" title="Medicine Publishing">Medicine Publishing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Masson_(publisher)" title="Masson (publisher)">Masson</a> </td> <td>$270M<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>2008-02 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Choicepoint" class="mw-redirect" title="Choicepoint">Choicepoint</a>, which had been a spinoff of <a href="/wiki/Equifax" title="Equifax">Equifax</a>'s Insurance Services Group in August 1997. The acquisition was completed in September 2008. </td> <td>$4.1bn<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Business Information </td> <td>2011-06 </td> <td>Ascend, a London-based civil aviation data analytics company<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Elsevier </td> <td>2011-11 </td> <td>US online-data business Accuity Holdings Inc. from investment firm <a href="/wiki/Investcorp" title="Investcorp">Investcorp</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Pound_sterling" title="Pound sterling">£</a>343M ($530.1M)<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Legal & Professional </td> <td>2012-03 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Law360" title="Law360">Law360</a>, a US-based online provider of legal information and analysis<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elsevier </td> <td>2013-04 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a>, a London-based desktop and web program for managing and sharing research papers, discovering research data and collaborating online<a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed but up to $100M </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2013-09 </td> <td>Mapflow, a Dublin-based group that helps insurance companies assess geographic risk, in particular in relation to flooding<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2014-04 </td> <td>Tracesmart, a UK-based provider of tracing, identity verification, fraud prevention and anti-money laundering software<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2014-05 </td> <td>Wunelli, a telematics data business which uses driving data for insurers, enabling them to reduce risk exposure and deliver discounts to safer drivers<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> </td> <td>£25m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Accuity </td> <td>2014-09 </td> <td>Fircosoft, a Paris-based anti-money laundering company<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-35">[35]</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>150M </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2014-11 </td> <td>Health Market Science (HMS), a supplier of high quality data about US healthcare professionals<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2015-01 </td> <td>BAIR Analytics, a US-based law enforcement data company<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Legal & Professional </td> <td>2015-07 </td> <td>MLex, a media organization providing exclusive analysis and commentary on regulatory risk<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Business Information </td> <td>2015-10 </td> <td>Adaptris, a fast-growing supply chain integration business<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Legal & Professional </td> <td>2015-11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lex_Machina" title="Lex Machina">Lex Machina</a>, a US-based online provider of legal analytics<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2016-07 </td> <td>Insurance Initiatives, Ltd. (IIL), a business which provides a data distribution platform that extracts, hosts and processes large quantities of data to deliver information predominantly into the point-of-quote in the UK's Property & Casualty Insurance industry.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Legal & Professional </td> <td>2017-06 </td> <td>Ravel Law, a San Francisco-based legal analytics company<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2018-01 </td> <td>ThreatMetrix, one of the largest repositories of online digital identities in the world </td> <td>£580M ($830M)<a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Reed Exhibitions </td> <td>2018-02 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Gamer Network</a>, a mass media video game journalism company<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2020-01 </td> <td>ID Analytics <a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> </td> <td>$375m </td></tr> <tr> <td>LexisNexis Risk Solutions </td> <td>2020-02 </td> <td>Emailage<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> </td> <td>$480m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elsevier </td> <td>2020-08 </td> <td>Scibite<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> </td> <td>£65m </td></tr> <tr> <td>Elsevier </td> <td>2022-06 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Interfolio" title="Interfolio">Interfolio</a><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr> <tr> <td>RX </td> <td>2023-07 </td> <td>Corp Events<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> </td> <td>Undisclosed </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Significant_divestments">Significant divestments</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Significant divestments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In February 1997, Reed Elsevier divested its trade publishing group (including <a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a>, <a href="/wiki/Methuen_Publishing" title="Methuen Publishing">Methuen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harvill_Secker" title="Harvill Secker">Secker & Warburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sinclair-Stevenson" title="Sinclair-Stevenson">Sinclair-Stevenson</a>, Mandarin, Minerva and Cedar) to <a href="/wiki/Random_House" title="Random House">Random House</a>.<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> In 1998, Reed Elsevier sold the children's divisions of Heinemann, Methuen, <a href="/wiki/Hamlyn_(publishers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamlyn (publishers)">Hamlyn</a> and Mammoth to the <a href="/wiki/Egmont_Group" title="Egmont Group">Egmont Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In February 2007, the company announced its intention to sell Harcourt, its educational publishing division.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> On 4 May 2007 <a href="/wiki/Pearson_PLC" class="mw-redirect" title="Pearson PLC">Pearson</a>, the international education and information company, announced that it had agreed to acquire <a href="/wiki/Harcourt_Assessment" title="Harcourt Assessment">Harcourt Assessment</a> and Harcourt Education International from Reed Elsevier for $950m in cash.<a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a> In July 2007, Reed Elsevier announced its agreement to sell the remaining Harcourt Education business, including international imprint <a href="/wiki/Heinemann_(publisher)" title="Heinemann (publisher)">Heinemann</a>, to <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a> for $4 billion in cash and stock.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> Between 2006 and 2019, in 65 separate deals, the company systematically sold its 300 print, business to business magazine titles, reducing the proportion of print revenues from 51% to 9%.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> Advertising, which had been the largest source of revenues when RELX was founded, represented just 1% of sales in 2018.<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> In July 2009, Reed Elsevier announced its intention to sell most of its North American trade publications, including <a href="/wiki/Publishers_Weekly" title="Publishers Weekly">Publishers Weekly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadcasting_%26_Cable" title="Broadcasting & Cable">Broadcasting & Cable</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Multichannel_News" title="Multichannel News">Multichannel News</a>, although it planned to retain <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> In April 2010, Reed Elsevier announced that it had sold 21 US magazines to other owners in recent months, and that an additional 23 US trade magazines, including Restaurants & Institutions, Hotels, and Trade Show Week would cease publication. The closures were mostly due to the weak economy including an advertising slump.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a> Variety, the company's last remaining North American title, was sold in October 2012.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> In 2014, Reed Business Information sold BuyerZone, an online marketplace; emedia, an American provider of research for IT buyers and vendors; and a majority stake in <a href="/wiki/Reed_Construction_Data" class="mw-redirect" title="Reed Construction Data">Reed Construction Data</a>, a provider of construction data.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a> In 2016, RELX sold Elsevier Weekly and BeleggersBelangen in the Netherlands.<a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In 2017, the company sold <a href="/wiki/New_Scientist" title="New Scientist">New Scientist</a> magazine.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> In January 2019, RBI sold its Dutch agricultural media and selected international agricultural media portfolio (including <a href="/wiki/Poultry_World" title="Poultry World">Poultry World</a>) to Doorakkeren BV.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> In August 2019, <a href="/wiki/Flight_International" title="Flight International">Flight International</a> and <a href="/wiki/FlightGlobal" title="FlightGlobal">FlightGlobal</a> were sold to <a href="/wiki/DVV_Media_Group" title="DVV Media Group">DVV Media Group</a>.<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> In December 2019, RBI announced plans to sell the <a href="/wiki/Farmers_Weekly" title="Farmers Weekly">Farmers Weekly</a> magazine title, website and related platforms, events and awards to MA Agriculture Limited, part of the Mark Allen Group.<a href="#cite_note-Cotton-02Jan2020-67">[67]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Operations_and_market_segments">Operations and market segments</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Operations and market segments" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scientific,_Technical_&_Medical">Scientific, Technical & Medical</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Scientific, Technical & Medical" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> RELX's Scientific, Technical & Medical business provides information, analytics and tools that help investors make decisions that improve scientific and healthcare outcomes. It operates under the name of Elsevier: <a href="/wiki/ScienceDirect" title="ScienceDirect">ScienceDirect</a>, an online database of primary research, contains 18 million documents.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> <a href="/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a> is a bibliographic database containing abstracts and citations for academic journal articles. It contains more than 50 million items in more 20,000 titles from 5,000 publishers worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <a href="/wiki/Mendeley" title="Mendeley">Mendeley</a> is a desktop and web program for managing and sharing research papers, discovering research data and collaborating online.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> Elsevier is the world's largest publisher of academic articles. It published 600,000 articles in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Its best-known titles are <a href="/wiki/The_Lancet" title="The Lancet">The Lancet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cell_(journal)" title="Cell (journal)">Cell</a>. In 1995, Forbes magazine (wrongly) predicted Elsevier would be "the first victim of the internet" as it was disrupted and disintermediated by the World Wide Web.<a href="#cite_note-ftnov15-72">[72]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Risk_Management">Risk Management</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Risk Management" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> LexisNexis Risk Solutions provide decision-making tools which help banks spot money launderers and insurance companies weed out fraudulent claims.<a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a> The business claims to have saved the state of Florida more than $60 million a year by preventing benefit fraud.<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Accuity_Inc.">Accuity Inc.</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Accuity Inc." class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Accuity provides financial crime compliance software<a href="#cite_note-Vasagar-75">[75]</a> which allows institutions to comply with sanctions and anti-money laundering compliance programmes.<a href="#cite_note-O%E2%80%99Murchu-76">[76]</a> It offers Know Your Customer, <a href="/wiki/Know_your_customer" title="Know your customer">KYC</a>, online subscription-based data and software for the financial services industry.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-77">[77]</a> The company's services include helping banks and financial institutions screen for high risk customers and transactions,<a href="#cite_note-Cutter-78">[78]</a> and providing databases such as Bankers Almanac which allows clients to find and validate bank payment routing data.<a href="#cite_note-O%E2%80%99Murchu-76">[76]</a> Accuity serves financial services clients worldwide.<a href="#cite_note-bloomberg-77">[77]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cirium">Cirium</h4> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Cirium" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Cirium (previously known as FlightGlobal) provides data and aviation analytics products to the aviation, finance and travel industries.<a href="#cite_note-79">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legal">Legal</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Legal" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> RELX's legal business operates under the <a href="/wiki/LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a> brand. Many of LexisNexis' brands date back to the nineteenth century or earlier. These include <a href="/wiki/LexisNexis#LexisNexis_UK" title="LexisNexis">Butterworths</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tolley_(company)" title="Tolley (company)">Tolley</a> in the UK and JurisClasseur in France.<a href="#cite_note-80">[80]</a> In 2019, 85% of its revenues were electronic. The LexisNexis legal and news database contains 119bn documents and records.<a href="#cite_note-:0-81">[81]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Exhibitions">Exhibitions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Exhibitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> RELX's exhibitions business is called RX, formerly Reed Exhibitions until 2021.<a href="#cite_note-82">[82]</a> It is the world's largest exhibitions company, running 500 shows for 140,000 exhibitors and 7m visitors.<a href="#cite_note-83">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-FD-dec15-84">[84]</a> ReedPop, part of RX, organises <a href="/wiki/Popular_culture" title="Popular culture">popular culture</a> events including <a href="/wiki/New_York_Comic_Con" title="New York Comic Con">New York Comic Con</a> and <a href="/wiki/PAX_(event)" title="PAX (event)">PAX</a>.<a href="#cite_note-85">[85]</a> In February 2018, ReedPop acquired <a href="/wiki/Gamer_Network" title="Gamer Network">Gamer Network</a>,<a href="#cite_note-86">[86]</a> a British <a href="/wiki/Mass_media" title="Mass media">Mass Media</a> company that owns a number of <a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">video game journalism</a> sites including <a href="/wiki/Eurogamer" title="Eurogamer">Eurogamer</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rock_Paper_Shotgun" title="Rock Paper Shotgun">Rock Paper Shotgun</a> and <a href="/wiki/VG247" class="mw-redirect" title="VG247">VG247</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[87]</a> Ecommerce store The Haul focused on <a href="/wiki/Pop_culture" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop culture">pop culture</a> <a href="/wiki/Souvenir" title="Souvenir">memorabilia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Merchandising" title="Merchandising">merchandise</a> was launched in 2021.<a href="#cite_note-88">[88]</a> Popverse, a popular culture website, was founded in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-89">[89]</a> It sold the Gamer Network to <a href="/wiki/IGN_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="IGN Entertainment">IGN Entertainment</a>, division of <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>, in May 2024. However, it retained the Popverse outlet.<a href="#cite_note-90">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-91">[91]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Governance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> As of 2021,<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit">[update]</a> the board of directors consisted of:<a href="#cite_note-Board-92">[92]</a> <ul><li>Chair: <a href="/wiki/Paul_Walker_(businessman)" title="Paul Walker (businessman)">Paul Walker</a></li> <li>Chief Executive: <a href="/wiki/Erik_Engstr%C3%B6m" title="Erik Engström">Erik Engström</a></li> <li>Chief Financial Officer: Nick Luff</li> <li>Non-executive directors: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wolfhart_Hauser" title="Wolfhart Hauser">Wolfhart Hauser</a></li> <li>Robert MacLeod</li> <li>Charlotte Hogg</li> <li>June Felix</li> <li>Marike van Lier Lels</li> <li>Linda Sanford</li> <li>Andrew Sukawaty</li> <li>Suzanne Wood</li></ul></li></ul> In 2019, Harvard Business Review ranked Erik Engström the world's 11th best performing CEO.<a href="#cite_note-93">[93]</a> In August 2020, RELX announced Sir Anthony Habgood would retire as Chair, to be replaced by Paul Walker in the first half of 2021.<a href="#cite_note-94">[94]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="Corporate_affairs">Corporate affairs</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Corporate affairs" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Corporate_strategy">Corporate strategy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Corporate strategy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> From 2011 to 2014, the average annual value of disposals was about $300m.<a href="#cite_note-ft.com-35">[35]</a> The predictability of the company's results in recent years has led to a re-rating of the shares.<a href="#cite_note-95">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-96">[96]</a><a href="#cite_note-97">[97]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Financial_performance">Financial performance</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Financial performance" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>RELX Combined<a href="#cite_note-20F2017-3">[3]</a></th> <th>2005</th> <th>2006</th> <th>2007</th> <th>2008</th> <th>2009</th> <th>2010</th> <th>2011</th> <th>2012</th> <th>2013</th> <th>2014</th> <th>2015</th> <th>2016</th> <th>2017</th> <th>2018</th> <th>2019</th> <th>2020</th> <th>2021</th> <th>2022</th> <th>2023 </th></tr> <tr> <td>Revenue (£m)</td> <td>5,166</td> <td>4,509</td> <td>4,584</td> <td>5,334</td> <td>6,071</td> <td>6,055</td> <td>6,002</td> <td>6,116</td> <td>6,035</td> <td>5,773</td> <td>5,971</td> <td>6,895</td> <td>7,355</td> <td>7,492</td> <td>7,874</td> <td>7,110</td> <td>7,244</td> <td>8,553</td> <td>9,161 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adjusted operating profit (£m)</td> <td>1,142</td> <td>1,081</td> <td>1,137</td> <td>1,379</td> <td>1,570</td> <td>1,555</td> <td>1,626</td> <td>1,713</td> <td>1,749</td> <td>1,739</td> <td>1,822</td> <td>2,114</td> <td>2,284</td> <td>2,346</td> <td>2,491</td> <td>2,076</td> <td>2,210</td> <td>2,683</td> <td>3,030 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Adjusted EPS (p)</td> <td>31.5p</td> <td>33.6p</td> <td>35.9p</td> <td>44.6p</td> <td>45.9p</td> <td>43.4p</td> <td>46.7p</td> <td>50.1p</td> <td>54.0p</td> <td>56.3p</td> <td>60.5p</td> <td>72.2p</td> <td>81.0p</td> <td>84.7p</td> <td>93.0p</td> <td>80.1p</td> <td>87.6p</td> <td>102.2p</td> <td>114.0p </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Social_responsibility">Social responsibility</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Social responsibility" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> The RELX Environmental Challenge awards grants to projects advancing access to safe water and sanitation.<a href="#cite_note-98">[98]</a> In 2019, Mike Walsh, CEO of LexisNexis, was honoured by the UN Foundation with a Global Leadership award for the company's work in advancing the Rule of Law - recognizing the company's commitment to strengthening equality under law, transparency of law, independent judiciaries and accessible legal remedy.<a href="#cite_note-99">[99]</a> The Elsevier Foundation supports libraries in developing countries, women scientists and nursing facilities.<a href="#cite_note-100">[100]</a> In 2016 it committed $1m a year, for 3 years, to programmes encouraging diversity in science, technology and medicine and promoting science research in developing countries.<a href="#cite_note-101">[101]</a> Programmes operated by LexisNexis Legal & Professional include: <ul><li>With the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Council" title="Atlantic Council">Atlantic Council</a>, launching the first draft of the Global Rule of Law Business Principles which will help businesses, law firms and NGOs promote and uphold the <a href="/wiki/Rule_of_law" title="Rule of law">rule of law</a>.<a href="#cite_note-102">[102]</a></li> <li>With the International Bar Association, launching an application called eyeWitness to Atrocities, designed to capture GPS coordinates, date and time stamps, sensory and movement data, and the location of nearby objects such as <a href="/wiki/Wi-Fi" title="Wi-Fi">Wi-Fi</a> networks. The technology also creates a secure chain of custody to help verify that the images and video has not been edited or digitally manipulated. The goal is to create content that can be used in a court of law to prosecute perpetrators of atrocities and human rights abuses.<a href="#cite_note-103">[103]</a></li></ul> Programmes operated by LexisNexis Risk Solutions include: <ul><li>The ADAM (Automated Delivery of Alerts on Missing Children) programme in the US, developed by employees in 2000, which assists in the recovery of missing children through a system of targeted alerts.<a href="#cite_note-104">[104]</a> As of 2017<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit">[update]</a> the programme has helped trace 177 missing children.<a href="#cite_note-20F2017-3">[3]</a></li> <li>Social Media Monitor, which assists law enforcement officials in investigating serious crimes such as drug dealing and human trafficking.<a href="#cite_note-105">[105]</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Controversy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Elsevier#Criticism_and_controversies" title="Elsevier">Elsevier § Criticism and controversies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mercury_contamination_in_Grassy_Narrows">Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Mercury contamination in Grassy Narrows" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button 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style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Dryden_mill.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dryden_mill.JPG/200px-Dryden_mill.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dryden_mill.JPG/200px-Dryden_mill.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dryden_mill.JPG/300px-Dryden_mill.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Dryden_mill.JPG/400px-Dryden_mill.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Dryden_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryden Mill">Dryden Mill</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Wabigoon_river.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wabigoon_river.JPG/200px-Wabigoon_river.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 133px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wabigoon_river.JPG/200px-Wabigoon_river.JPG" data-alt="" data-width="200" data-height="133" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wabigoon_river.JPG/300px-Wabigoon_river.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wabigoon_river.JPG/400px-Wabigoon_river.JPG 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <a href="/wiki/Wabigoon_River" title="Wabigoon River">Wabigoon River</a> as it exits the <a href="/wiki/Wabigoon_Lake" title="Wabigoon Lake">Wabigoon Lake</a>.</div></div></div></div></div> The mercury contamination of the <a href="/wiki/Wabigoon_River" title="Wabigoon River">Wabigoon River</a> in Ontario Canada by a corporate subsidiary between 1962 and 1970 was "one of the worst cases of environmental poisoning in Canadian history."<a href="#cite_note-Lancet_Philibert_20200401-106">[106]</a><a href="#cite_note-RCNE_198506282-107">[107]</a> Reed sold the <a href="/wiki/Dryden_Mill" class="mw-redirect" title="Dryden Mill">Dryden Mill</a> to Great Lakes Forest Products in 1980.<a href="#cite_note-RCNE_198506282-107">[107]</a> As of 2017, <a href="/wiki/Asubpeeschoseewagong_First_Nation" title="Asubpeeschoseewagong First Nation">Grassy Narrows First Nation</a> chief Simon Fobister stated that the river remained highly contaminated.<a href="#cite_note-Macleans_Forbes_20170228-108">[108]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Academic_journal_prices">Academic journal prices</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Academic journal prices" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Reed Elsevier has been criticised for the high prices of its journals and services, especially those published by Elsevier. It has also supported <a href="/wiki/SOPA" class="mw-redirect" title="SOPA">SOPA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Personal_Information_Protection_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Information Protection Act">PIPA</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Research_Works_Act" title="Research Works Act">Research Works Act</a>, although it no longer supports the last. Because of this, members of the scientific community have boycotted Elsevier journals. In January 2012, the boycott gained an online pledge and petition (<a href="/wiki/The_Cost_of_Knowledge" title="The Cost of Knowledge">The Cost of Knowledge</a>) initiated by mathematician and <a href="/wiki/Fields_medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Fields medal">Fields medalist</a> Sir <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Gowers" title="Timothy Gowers">Timothy Gowers</a>.<a href="#cite_note-109">[109]</a> The movement has received support from noted science bloggers, such as biologist <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Eisen" title="Jonathan Eisen">Jonathan Eisen</a>.<a href="#cite_note-110">[110]</a> Between 2012 and February 2023, about 20,500 scientists signed The Cost of Knowledge boycott.<a href="#cite_note-111">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019_UC_system_negotiations">2019 UC system negotiations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: 2019 UC system negotiations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> On 28 February 2019, following long negotiations, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California" title="University of California">University of California</a> announced it would be terminating all subscriptions with Elsevier.<a href="#cite_note-112">[112]</a> On 16 March 2021, following further negotiations and significant changes including (i) universal open access to University of California research and (ii) containing the "excessively high costs" being charged by publishers, the university renewed its subscription.<a href="#cite_note-113">[113]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Privacy">Privacy</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Privacy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> As a <a href="/wiki/Data_broker" title="Data broker">data broker</a> Reed Elsevier collected, used, and sold data on millions of consumers.<a href="#cite_note-114">[114]</a> In 2005, a <a href="/wiki/Computer_security" title="Computer security">security breach</a> occurred through a recently purchased subsidiary, Seisint, which allowed identity thieves to steal the records of at least 316,000 people.<a href="#cite_note-seisint-settlement-115">[115]</a> The database contained names, current and prior addresses, dates of birth, drivers license numbers and <a href="/wiki/Social_Security_number" title="Social Security number">Social Security numbers</a>, among other data obtained from credit reporting agencies and other sources. In 2008 the company settled an action taken against it by the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Trade_Commission" title="Federal Trade Commission">Federal Trade Commission</a> for multiple failures of security practice in how the data was stored and protected. The settlement required Reed Elsevier and Seisint to establish and maintain a comprehensive security program to protect nonpublic personal information.<a href="#cite_note-seisint-settlement-115">[115]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Defence_exhibitions">Defence exhibitions</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Defence exhibitions" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> Between 2005 and 2007, members of the medical and scientific communities, which purchase and use many journals published by Reed Elsevier, agitated for the company to cut its links to the arms trade. Two UK academics, Tom Stafford of <a href="/wiki/Sheffield_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Sheffield University">Sheffield University</a> and Nick Gill, launched petitions calling for it to stop organising arms fairs.<a href="#cite_note-116">[116]</a> A subsidiary, Spearhead, organised defence shows, including an event where it was reported that <a href="/wiki/Cluster_bombs" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster bombs">cluster bombs</a> and extremely powerful <a href="/wiki/Riot_control" title="Riot control">riot control</a> equipment were offered for sale.<a href="#cite_note-117">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[118]</a> In February 2007 <a href="/wiki/Richard_Smith_(editor)" title="Richard Smith (editor)">Richard Smith</a>, former editor of the <a href="/wiki/British_Medical_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="British Medical Journal">British Medical Journal</a>, published an editorial in the <a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_Royal_Society_of_Medicine" title="Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine">Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</a> arguing that Reed Elsevier's involvement in both the arms trade and medical publishing constituted a conflict of interest.<a href="#cite_note-119">[119]</a> Subsequently, in June the company announced that they would be exiting the defence exhibition business during the second half of the year.<a href="#cite_note-120">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Collaboration_with_U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement_(ICE)">Collaboration with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Collaboration with U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE)" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> In November 2019, legal scholars and <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_activists" class="mw-redirect" title="Human rights activists">human rights activists</a> called on RELX to cease work with <a href="/wiki/U.S._Immigration_and_Customs_Enforcement" title="U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement">U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement</a> because their product <a href="/wiki/LexisNexis" title="LexisNexis">LexisNexis</a> directly contributes to the <a href="/wiki/Deportation" title="Deportation">deportation</a> of <a href="/wiki/Illegal_immigration" title="Illegal immigration">illegal immigrants</a>.<a href="#cite_note-121">[121]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Support_for_fossil_fuel_expansion">Support for fossil fuel expansion</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Support for fossil fuel expansion" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> An article in <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> in February 2022 revealed that Elsevier products and services support expanding the production aims of the fossil fuel industry. The company disclosed that it is "not prepared to draw a line between the transition away from fossil fuels and the expansion of oil and gas extraction."<a href="#cite_note-122">[122]</a> In response, the Union of Concerned Scientists and Scientists for Global Responsibility launched a petition in 2022, and issued a response to the company's reply in 2023. UCS noted in a blog post that "Elsevier and RELX claimed to be focused on a transition to clean energy. Given the services Elsevier and RELX continue to provide, these claims are demonstrably false."<a href="#cite_note-123">[123]</a> Scientists for Global Responsibility also noted on their website that the company's "actions fall short of meeting the standards set in their own pledges"<a href="#cite_note-124">[124]</a> and pointed campaigners to the website of Climate Rights Coalition,<a href="#cite_note-125">[125]</a> which revealed such concerns had been raised by employees years prior.<a href="#cite_note-126">[126]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><noscript><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 28px;height: 28px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/28px-Industry5.svg.png" data-alt="" data-width="28" data-height="28" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/42px-Industry5.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Industry5.svg/56px-Industry5.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element">  <a href="/wiki/Portal:Companies" title="Portal:Companies">Companies portal</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"><h2 id="References">References</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Citations" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-results-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-results_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-results_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-results_1-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-results_1-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-results_1-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-results_1-5">f</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.relx.com/~/media/Files/R/RELX-Group/documents/press-releases/2024/results-2023-pressrelease.pdf">"Annual Results 2023"</a> (PDF). RELX. Retrieved 16 February 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Annual+Results+2023&rft.pub=RELX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.relx.com%2F~%2Fmedia%2FFiles%2FR%2FRELX-Group%2Fdocuments%2Fpress-releases%2F2024%2Fresults-2023-pressrelease.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/companies/relx/?sh=65307c663185">"RELX"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Forbes" title="Forbes">Forbes</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=RELX&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fcompanies%2Frelx%2F%3Fsh%3D65307c663185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20F2017-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-20F2017_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-20F2017_3-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-20F2017_3-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/929869/000119312518053616/d528576d20f.htm">"US SEC: Form 20-F Relx Group"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Securities_and_Exchange_Commission" title="U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission">U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission</a>. 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Retrieved 23 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=Reed+Elsevier+to+rename+itself+RELX+Group&rft.au=Robert+Cookson&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F0%2F4be90dbe-bd97-11e4-9d09-00144feab7de.html%23axzz3mYtWcuFI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-history-6">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_6-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_6-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_6-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_6-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_6-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_6-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151030233859/http://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/ReedElsevier.htm">"Timeline"</a>. Reed Elsevier. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ulib.niu.edu/publishers/reedelsevier.htm">the original</a> on 30 October 2015. Retrieved 19 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline&rft.pub=Reed+Elsevier&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ulib.niu.edu%2Fpublishers%2Freedelsevier.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Kirwan2008" class="citation web cs1">Peter Kirwan (3 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressgazette.co.uk/node/40427">"Reed Elsevier has no stomach for the tough trade business"</a>. Press Gazette. Retrieved 19 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Press+Gazette&rft.atitle=Reed+Elsevier+has+no+stomach+for+the+tough+trade+business&rft.date=2008-03-03&rft.au=Peter+Kirwan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pressgazette.co.uk%2Fnode%2F40427&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sand-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sand_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sand_8-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110701220057/http://www.sanderson-uk.com/sanderson-history.aspx">"History"</a>. Sanderson. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sanderson-uk.com/sanderson-history.aspx">the original</a> on 1 July 2011. 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Retrieved 18 September 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Reed+Elsevier+says+to+exit+defence+industry+shows&rft.date=2007-06-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuk.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fuk-reedelsevier-defence-idUKL0135316020070601&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot">dead link</a>‍] </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurrier2019" class="citation news cs1">Currier, Cora (14 November 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theintercept.com/2019/11/14/ice-lexisnexis-thomson-reuters-database/">"Lawyers and Scholars to LexisNexis, Thomson Reuters: Stop Helping ICE Deport People"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Intercept" title="The Intercept">The Intercept</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Intercept&rft.atitle=Lawyers+and+Scholars+to+LexisNexis%2C+Thomson+Reuters%3A+Stop+Helping+ICE+Deport+People&rft.date=2019-11-14&rft.aulast=Currier&rft.aufirst=Cora&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheintercept.com%2F2019%2F11%2F14%2Fice-lexisnexis-thomson-reuters-database%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://amp.theguardian.com/environment/2022/feb/24/elsevier-publishing-climate-science-fossil-fuels">"Revealed: leading climate research publisher helps fuel oil and gas drilling"</a>. 24 February 2022. Retrieved 1 October 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Revealed%3A+leading+climate+research+publisher+helps+fuel+oil+and+gas+drilling&rft.date=2022-02-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Famp.theguardian.com%2Fenvironment%2F2022%2Ffeb%2F24%2Felsevier-publishing-climate-science-fossil-fuels&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnion_of_Concerned_Scientists2023" class="citation web cs1">Union of Concerned Scientists (19 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926113537/https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/elsevier-and-relxs-climate-problem">"Elsevier and RELX's Climate Problem"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ucsusa.org/resources/elsevier-and-relxs-climate-problem">the original</a> on 26 September 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elsevier+and+RELX%E2%80%99s+Climate+Problem&rft.date=2023-09-19&rft.au=Union+of+Concerned+Scientists&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ucsusa.org%2Fresources%2Felsevier-and-relxs-climate-problem&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScientists_for_Global_Responsibility2023" class="citation web cs1">Scientists for Global Responsibility (19 September 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231014015047/https://www.sgr.org.uk/resources/elsevier-still-enabling-high-carbon-emitters">"Elsevier is still enabling high-carbon emitters"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sgr.org.uk/resources/elsevier-still-enabling-high-carbon-emitters">the original</a> on 14 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Elsevier+is+still+enabling+high-carbon+emitters&rft.date=2023-09-19&rft.au=Scientists+for+Global+Responsibility&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sgr.org.uk%2Fresources%2Felsevier-still-enabling-high-carbon-emitters&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimate_Rights_Coalition" class="citation web cs1">Climate Rights Coalition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231012185403/https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/">"Climate Rights Coalition homepage"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/">the original</a> on 12 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Rights+Coalition+homepage&rft.au=Climate+Rights+Coalition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climaterightscoalition.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClimate_Rights_Coalition" class="citation web cs1">Climate Rights Coalition. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231017013259/https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/advocacy">"Climate Rights Coalition advocacy page"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.climaterightscoalition.com/advocacy">the original</a> on 17 October 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Climate+Rights+Coalition+advocacy+page&rft.au=Climate+Rights+Coalition&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.climaterightscoalition.com%2Fadvocacy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARELX" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Sources" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div> <dl><dt>General references</dt></dl> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/life/badscience/story/0,,2010036,00.html">Guardian Unlimited, "Bad Science" by Ben Goldacre</a> about Open Access and DSEI arms trade</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050627025717/http://www.ketupa.net//elsevier2.htm">ketupa.net media profile: Reed Elsevier</a> historical overview</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/global/2002/1111/044.html">"Double Dutch No Longer"</a>—in-depth article about the company from 2002 (Forbes.com)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfo-insight.com/human-capital-career/executive-change/duncan-palmer-becomes-reed-elsevier-cfo/">"Duncan Palmer Becomes Reed Elsevier CFO"</a>—Online article about the new CFO of Reed Elsevier, accessed 09/17/2012</li></ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: External links" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> edit </a> </div><section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <ul><li>Business data for RELX plc London stock: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/REL:LN">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/REL.L">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000929869">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/REL.L">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li> <li>Business data for RELX plc Amsterdam stock: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist inline"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/REN:NA">Bloomberg</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/finance/quote/AMS:REN">Google</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-edgar?action=getcompany&CIK=0000929872">SEC filings</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/REN.AS">Yahoo!</a></li></ul></div></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div>    </section></div> <noscript><img src="https://login.m.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&mobile=1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RELX&oldid=1256798191#Popverse">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=RELX&oldid=1256798191#Popverse</a>"</div></div> </div> <div class="post-content" id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"> <a class="last-modified-bar" href="/w/index.php?title=RELX&action=history"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Last edited on 11 November 2024, at 16:42 </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%83%D8%B3" title="ريلكس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ريلكس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="رید الزویر – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="رید الزویر" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed_Elsevier" title="Reed Elsevier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Reed Elsevier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELX_Group" title="RELX Group – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="RELX Group" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="رید الزویر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رید الزویر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELX_Group" title="RELX Group – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="RELX Group" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%A6%AC%EB%93%9C_%EC%97%98%EC%A0%9C%EB%B9%84%EC%96%B4" title="리드 엘제비어 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="리드 엘제비어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELX" title="RELX – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="RELX" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/RELX" title="RELX – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="RELX" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%AC%E3%83%AC%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97" title="レレックス・グループ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="レレックス・グループ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a 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