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Warum verdienen Frauen weniger als Männer? | kununu News
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noch) weniger Geld als Männer?" /> --> </div> </div> </section> <div class="singleContent__Category"> <a href="https://news.kununu.com/gehalt/" class="content_category"> <h6>Gehalt</h6> </a> </div> <div class="singleContent__Title"> <h1>Warum verdienen Frauen (immer noch) weniger Geld als Männer?</h1> </div> <div class="singleContent__MobileToc js-mobile-toc"> <h2>Inhaltsverzeichnis</h2> <ul> <li> <a href="#Gründe,-warum-Frauen-im-Durchschnitt-weniger-verdienen-als-Männer" class="blockArticle active-state"> Gründe, warum Frauen im Durchschnitt weniger verdienen als Männer </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Rechtsstreit-2023:-Gehalt-ist-keine-Verhandlungssache" class="blockArticle "> Gehalt ist keine Verhandlungssache </a> </li> <li> <a href="#Was-kann-gegen-die-Lohnungleichheit-getan-werden?" class="blockArticle "> Was kann gegen die Lohnungleichheit getan werden? </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="singleContent__Content"> <div id="bsf_rt_marker"></div> <p class="newsUsabilla" style="font-size:18px">Es ist ein Fakt: Überall in Europa verdienen Frauen im Schnitt weniger als Männer, auch noch im Jahr 2023. Insbesondere Deutschland und Österreich zählen zu den Ländern, in denen die Lohnungleichheit besonders hoch ausfällt. 2023 lag der Gehaltsunterschied zwischen den Geschlechtern (auch <a href="https://news.kununu.com/was-ist-der-gender-pay-gap-warum-sollten-wir-mehr-uber-ihn-reden/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gender Pay Gap</a> genannt) in der EU durchschnittlich bei rund <a href="https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Gender_pay_gap_statistics" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">13 Prozent</a>. Das bedeutet, dass Frauen im Schnitt 13 Prozent weniger Gehalt bekommen haben als Männer. Laut einer <a href="https://campaigns.kununu.com/gender-pay-gap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Analyse von kununu von mehr als 1,6 Millionen Gehaltsdaten</a>, liegt der Gender Pay Gap in Deutschland im Jahr 2023 bei 17 Prozent. </p> <p><strong>Die gute Nachricht ist:</strong> Der Gender Pay Gap <a href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Themen/Arbeit/Verdienste/Verdienste-GenderPayGap/_inhalt.html#" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">sinkt langfristig</a>, die Gehaltsunterschiede zwischen Mann und Frau werden also kleiner. Dennoch besteht die Lohnlücke weiterhin. In unserem Artikel analysieren wir die Gründe für die Gehaltsunterschiede und zeigen auf, was getan werden kann.</p> <p>Du möchtest mehr über die Entwicklung des Gender Pay Gap erfahren? Das und vieles mehr kannst du jetzt interaktiv <a href="https://campaigns.kununu.com/gender-pay-gap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">hier</a> entdecken. </p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-large"><a href="https://campaigns.kununu.com/gender-pay-gap/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" width="1024" height="257" src="https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MicrosoftTeams-image-11-1024x257.png" alt="" class="wp-image-10883" srcset="https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MicrosoftTeams-image-11-1024x257.png 1024w, https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MicrosoftTeams-image-11-300x75.png 300w, https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MicrosoftTeams-image-11-768x192.png 768w, https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MicrosoftTeams-image-11-1536x385.png 1536w, https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/MicrosoftTeams-image-11.png 2012w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></a></figure> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="Gründe,-warum-Frauen-im-Durchschnitt-weniger-verdienen-als-Männer">Gründe, warum Frauen im Durchschnitt weniger verdienen als Männer</h2> <p><meta charset="utf-8">Frauen mit vergleichbarer Qualifikation verdienen in vergleichbaren Positionen weniger - das ist bekannt. <meta charset="utf-8">In vielen Unternehmen wächst das Bewusstsein für geschlechtergerechte Bezahlung. In der Praxis ist diese jedoch noch bei Weitem nicht in allen Unternehmen umgesetzt. Doch ist das nicht der einzige Grund, warum Frauen im Durchschnitt weniger verdienen als Männer.</p> <p>Die Ursachen für die Lohnungleichheit zwischen Mann und Frau sind vielfältig. Es war in den westeuropäischen Ländern lange Zeit üblich, dass der Mann der Hauptverdiener war, während Frauen sich um Haushalt und Familie kümmerten. So war es in der Vergangenheit der Normalfall, dass bei Jungen mehr Wert auf eine gute Ausbildung mit Aussicht auf Karriere und gute Bezahlung gelegt wurde als bei Mädchen. Diese Zeiten haben sich zum Glück geändert! Dennoch liegt in der historischen Rollenverteilung einer der Hauptgründe, weshalb Männer im Schnitt mehr verdienen als Frauen.</p> <p><meta charset="utf-8"><a href="https://news.kununu.com/eine-frau-ist-nicht-durchsetzungsstark-sondern-zickig-fpi-gruenderin-henrike-von-platen/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Henrike von Platen, Fairpay- und Finanzexpertin</a> fasst die Gründe zusammen: </p> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"> <p>„Wer zu Hause bleibt, verdient weniger, wer weniger verdient, bleibt zu Hause. Und am Ende sind Frauen seltener in Führungspositionen zu finden, arbeiten oft in weniger gut bezahlten Berufen und überdurchschnittlich oft in Teilzeit. Sie bekommen seltener eine Beförderung, übernehmen seltener Verantwortung und haben eine andere Verhandlungskultur. Männer werden eher nach Potenzial, Frauen nach erbrachter Leistung bezahlt. Und zu Hause sind es die Frauen, die den Löwenanteil an unbezahlter Care Arbeit und Hausarbeit übernehmen – sogar bei kinderlosen Paaren.“</p> <cite><strong>Henrike von Platen</strong>, im Interview mit kununu </cite></blockquote> <p><strong>1.</strong> <strong>Frauen arbeiten häufiger in sozialen Berufen beziehungsweise üben personennahe Dienstleistungen aus.</strong></p> <p>Frauen wählen andere Berufe als Männer, häufig solche, die eher <a href="https://news.kununu.com/bestbezahlte-berufe-in-deutschland/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">schlecht bezahlt </a>sind. Gemeint sind hier Berufe wie <a href="https://www.kununu.com/de/gehalt/gesundheits-und-krankenpfleger-in-14279" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Krankenschwester</a>, <a href="https://www.kununu.com/de/gehalt/gesundheits-und-krankenpfleger-in-14279" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Krankenpflegerin</a>, <a href="https://www.kununu.com/de/gehalt/erzieher-in-25385" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Erzieherin</a>, <a href="https://www.kununu.com/de/gehalt/verkaufskraft-im-einzelhandel-4224" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Verkäuferin</a> oder <a href="https://www.kununu.com/de/gehalt/friseur-1543" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Friseurin</a>. Ein Blick in den <a href="https://www.kununu.com/de/gehalt" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">kununu Gehaltscheck</a> zeigt, dass die Gehaltsaussichten für diese Berufe eher am unteren Ende liegen.</p> <p>Vier von fünf Beschäftigten im Einzelhandel für Lebensmittel sind <a href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2021/03/PD21_N017_13.html#:~:text=Kitas%20und%20Schulen%20werden%20ebenfalls,Schulen%20bei%2072%2C8%20%25." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frauen</a>. Im Bereich Erziehung und Sozialarbeit lag der Anteil von Frauen 2019 bei 83,5 Prozent.</p> <p><strong>2. Frauen haben häufigere und längere Unterbrechungen ihrer erwerbstätigen Zeit.</strong></p> <p>In Deutschland wurde 2007 die <a href="https://www.elterngeld.net/elternzeit.html#:~:text=Durch%20die%20Einf%C3%BChrung%20des%20Bundeselterngeld,Erziehungsgeld%20mehr%2C%20sondern%20das%20Elterngeld." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Elternzeit</a> eingeführt. Das Gesetz unterstützt eine geteilte Elternzeit. Familien, in denen sich die Eltern die Elternzeit aufteilen, werden gefördert. Seitdem gibt es immer mehr Väter, die nach der Geburt eines Kindes auch in Elternzeit gehen. Das Elternzeitgesetz war ein wichtiger Schritt in die richtige Richtung. Dennoch ist es auch heute noch so, dass Frauen familienbedingt längere Zeiten keinen Beruf ausführen. Gründe sind nicht nur die Betreuung der Kinder, sondern auch die Pflege älterer Familienangehöriger. So sind <a href="https://www.aerzteblatt.de/nachrichten/107014/Haeusliche-Pflege-fuehrt-Frauen-in-die-Altersarmut#:~:text=Das%20Profil%20pflegender%20Angeh%C3%B6riger%20l%C3%A4sst,55%20und%2064%20Jahre%20alt." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">68 Prozent der Personen</a>, die Familienmitglieder daheim pflegen, weiblich.</p> <figure class="wp-block-embed is-type-rich is-provider-spotify wp-block-embed-spotify wp-embed-aspect-21-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio"><div class="wp-block-embed__wrapper"> <iframe title="Spotify Embed: Wut zur Lücke: Wie schließen wir den Gender-Pay-Gap, Nicole Körndl & Jessica Güngör?" style="border-radius: 12px" width="100%" height="152" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen allow="autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; fullscreen; picture-in-picture" loading="lazy" src="https://open.spotify.com/embed/episode/6lpKprGAFtEHLYg002MCJt?si=BGq8z-CoS6yYwf7L5pj7Aw&utm_source=oembed"></iframe> </div><figcaption class="wp-element-caption"><em>Über den Gender-Pay Gap sprechen wir auch in unserem kununu Podcast <a href="https://open.spotify.com/show/3kWny6WJxwbMMcck1ML4Fm" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">The Fit</a>. Jetzt reinhören:</em></figcaption></figure> <p><strong>3. Frauen arbeiten oft in Teilzeit beziehungsweise in Mini-Jobs.</strong></p> <p>47 Prozent der beschäftigten Frauen arbeiten in <a href="https://www.bmfsfj.de/bmfsfj/themen/gleichstellung/frauen-und-arbeitswelt/lohngerechtigkeit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Teilzeit</a>. Knapp 62 Prozent aller sogenannten Minijobs werden von Frauen ausgeübt. Da liegt es auf der Hand, dass Frauen im Schnitt weniger verdienen. Blickt man auf Mütter, mit mindestens einem Kind unter 18 Jahren, arbeiteten im Jahr 2019 rund <a href="https://www.destatis.de/DE/Presse/Pressemitteilungen/2021/03/PD21_N017_13.html#:~:text=Kitas%20und%20Schulen%20werden%20ebenfalls,Schulen%20bei%2072%2C8%20%25." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">66 Prozent</a> der erwerbstätigen Mütter in Teilzeit. Bei Vätern in derselben Situation sind es hingegen nur 6,4 Prozent. </p> <p><strong>4. Frauen lassen Männern eher den Vortritt</strong></p> <p>Frauen zeigen sich häufig bescheiden und zurückhaltend, wenn es darum geht, auf der Karriereleiter aufzusteigen oder eine Gehaltserhöhung einzufordern. Diese "Zurückhaltung" wird als "<a href="https://infotrust.com/articles/entitlement-gap-close/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Entitlement Gap</a>" beschrieben. Frauen fehlt es nicht an beruflichem Ehrgeiz oder Zielstrebigkeit, eher verspüren sie in Verhandlungssituationen ein gewisses "Unwohlsein" und stehen weniger für sich und ihre Ansprüche ein. Zurückzuführen ist das auf tradierte Rollenbilder und fehlendem Austausch mit anderen beruflich engagierten Frauen.</p> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"> <p>"Frauen in Führung sind selten, es fehlt an Vorbildern und an Unterstützung auf dem Weg nach oben."</p> <cite> <strong>Henrike von Platen,</strong> im Interview mit kununu </cite></blockquote> <p><strong>5. Frauen verhandeln anders als Männer</strong></p> <p>Frauen fordern Gehaltserhöhungen nicht so aktiv ein wie Männer. Und sie verhandeln anders. Diese Erfahrungen hat Ljubow Strobel - Verhandlungstrainerin und Gründerin von <a href="https://frauverhandelt.de/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Frau Verhandelt</a> - gemacht. Lese in unserem Ratgeber, welche Tipps sie Frauen für die Gehaltsverhandlung gibt. Rechtlich gesehen, darf das Verhandlungsgeschick jedoch keinen Einfluss auf das Einstiegsgehalt haben. </p> <section id="block_dd3683f4043a7041531498f001d47763" class="blockTwo related_articles relatedInText related_articles--slider "> <div class="blockTwo__Inner"> <div class="relatedInText__Title">Verwandte Beiträge</div> <div class="blockTwo__Grid blockTwo__Grid--single"> <div class="blockArticle"> <a href="https://news.kununu.com/so-verhandelst-du-dein-gehalt-als-frau/" target="_blank"> <div class="blockArticle__Image" style="background-image: url('https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/Gehaltsverhandlung-Frau-scaled-1.jpg');"></div> </a> <div class="blockArticle__Content"> <a href="https://news.kununu.com/gehalt/" class="content_category" target="_blank"> <h6>Gehalt</h6> </a> <a href="https://news.kununu.com/so-verhandelst-du-dein-gehalt-als-frau/" target="_blank"> <h3>So verhandelst du dein Gehalt als Frau: Tipps & Tricks</h3> </a> <a href="https://news.kununu.com/so-verhandelst-du-dein-gehalt-als-frau/" target="_blank"> <p> Frauen verhandeln ihr Gehalt weniger als Männer. Das muss nicht sein! Wir haben speziell für… </p> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="slideInfo2"></div> </div> </section> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="Rechtsstreit-2023:-Gehalt-ist-keine-Verhandlungssache">Rechtsstreit 2023: Gehalt ist keine Verhandlungssache</h2> <p>Im <a href="https://www.tagesschau.de/wirtschaft/unternehmen/arbeitsgericht-diskriminierung-gehalt-101.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Februar 2023</a> hat das Bundesarbeitsgericht in Erfurt entschieden, dass Arbeitgeber bei der Einstellung von Männern und Frauen für gleiche Arbeit den gleichen Lohn zahlen müssen, unabhängig von der Gehaltsverhandlung. Damit wird oft genannten Argumenten widersprochen, dass Männer aufgrund ihres besseren Verhandlungsgeschicks ein höheres Gehalt verdienen. </p> <p>Anlass des Urteils war eine Klage einer Mitarbeiterin eines Metallunternehmens aufgrund ungleicher Bezahlung bei Arbeitsantritt. Obwohl ihr zu Beginn des Arbeitsverhältnisses ein monatliches Gehalt von 3500 Euro angeboten wurde, erhielten zwei männliche Kollegen deutlich höhere Gehälter. Der Arbeitgeber begründete den Unterschied mit dem besseren Verhandlungsgeschick des Mannes. Das Gericht entschied jedoch, dass dies eine Benachteiligung aufgrund des Geschlechts sei, und sprach der Klägerin einen entgangenen Lohn in Höhe von 14.500 Euro sowie eine Diskriminierungsentschädigung in Höhe von 2000 Euro zu.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading" id="Was-kann-gegen-die-Lohnungleichheit-getan-werden?">Was kann gegen die Lohnungleichheit getan werden?</h2> <p>Damit sich etwas ändert, an der Lohn- und Gehaltsungleichheit, ist vor allem eines wichtig: Die Ungleichheiten <a href="https://news.kununu.com/pro-contra-das-spricht-fuer-und-gegen-gehaltstransparenz/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">transparent</a> machen. Die Regierungen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz haben entsprechende Gesetze auf den Weg gebracht. In Deutschland wurde 2017 das <a href="https://news.kununu.com/entgelttransparenzgesetz/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Entgelttransparenzgesetz</a> eingeführt, in Österreich gibt es bereits seit 2011 eine <a href="https://www.bundeskanzleramt.gv.at/agenda/frauen-und-gleichstellung/gleichbehandlung/rechtliche-grundlagen-der-gleichbehandlung/gleichbehandlungsgesetz-privatwirtschaft.html#:~:text=Die%20Novelle%20zum%20Gleichbehandlungsgesetz%20ist,Einkommensberichten%20Vorreiter%20in%20der%20EU%20." target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Gleichstellungsnovelle</a> und in der Schweiz die <a href="https://www.ebg.admin.ch/ebg/de/home/themen/arbeit/lohngleichheit/engagement-des-oeffentlichen-sektors/charta-der-lohngleichheit-im-oeffentlichen-sektor.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Charta für Equal Pay</a>.</p> <p>Doch nicht nur die Politik ist in der Pflicht, auch die Wirtschaft, glaubt Henrike von Platen: </p> <blockquote class="wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow"> <p>„Die Politik ist gefragt, Lohngerechtigkeit in der Wirtschaft durchzusetzen, und die Unternehmen sind gefragt, diese – ob mit oder ohne Gesetz - auch umzusetzen. Gerechte Bezahlung ist eine Frage der Unternehmenskultur. Zum Glück setzt sich langsam die Erkenntnis durch, dass klüger wirtschaftet, wer fair führt. Diverse Teams sind erwiesenermaßen wirtschaftlich erfolgreicher, und angesichts des Fachkräftemangels kann es sich in Zukunft kein Unternehmen mehr leisten, auf weibliche Talente zu verzichten.“</p> <cite><strong>Henrike von Platen</strong>, im Interview mit kununu </cite></blockquote> <p>Für junge Frauen hat Henrike von Platen <a href="https://news.kununu.com/theoretisch-ist-lohngerechtigkeit-ueber-nacht-moeglich/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">drei Tipps</a>, um der Lohnungleichheit zu entkommen:</p> <p><strong>1. Augen auf bei der Berufswahl</strong></p> <p>Natürlich sollte man sich für einen Beruf entscheiden, der einem liegt und der einen interessiert. Es schadet jedoch nicht, sich im Vorfeld auch über die Gehaltsaussichten des Traumjobs zu informieren, zum Beispiel mithilfe des <a href="https://www.kununu.com/de/gehalt" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">kununu Gehaltschecks</a>. Denn: Je nach Branche zeigt der Gender Pay Gap erhebliche Unterschiede. Während zum Beispiel im "Finanzwesen" Frauen in den ersten drei Berufsjahren 21 Prozent weniger verdienen als Männer, liegt der Gehaltsunterschied in der "öffentlichen Verwaltung" nur bei knapp einem Prozent. </p> <p><strong>2. Augen auf bei der Partnerwahl</strong></p> <p>Es ist sehr hilfreich, die Wünsche an die eigene Karriere miteinander abzugleichen, bevor man sich fest bindet. Häufig ist es schwierig die Arbeit und das Privatleben "unter einen Hut" zu bekommen. Bei unterschiedlichen Bedürfnissen nach Zweisamkeit oder in der Familienplanung leidet entweder die Beziehung oder der Karrierewunsch! </p> <p><strong>3. Augen auf bei der Arbeitgeberwahl</strong></p> <p>Es gibt immer mehr Unternehmen, die erkannt haben, wie wichtig Gehaltstransparenz und eine gendergerechte Bezahlung sind. Es lohnt sich, das neue Unternehmen vor diesem Gesichtspunkt abzuklopfen, bevor man sich für einen Job entscheidet.</p> <figure class="wp-block-image size-full"><a href="https://www.kununu.com/de/gehalt" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer nofollow"><img decoding="async" width="1006" height="251" src="https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kununu-News-1006-x-251-Wording-1.png" alt="" class="wp-image-7326" srcset="https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kununu-News-1006-x-251-Wording-1.png 1006w, https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kununu-News-1006-x-251-Wording-1-300x75.png 300w, https://news.kununu.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/02/kununu-News-1006-x-251-Wording-1-768x192.png 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1006px) 100vw, 1006px" /></a></figure> <p class="has-text-align-right"><strong>letztes Update: 4. 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