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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:AGB_Logo_Color.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/AGB_Logo_Color.png/220px-AGB_Logo_Color.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="82" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/AGB_Logo_Color.png/330px-AGB_Logo_Color.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/AGB_Logo_Color.png/440px-AGB_Logo_Color.png 2x" data-file-width="3088" data-file-height="1154" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Volta_Bureau_Washington_DC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Volta_Bureau_Washington_DC.JPG/220px-Volta_Bureau_Washington_DC.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Volta_Bureau_Washington_DC.JPG/330px-Volta_Bureau_Washington_DC.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Volta_Bureau_Washington_DC.JPG/440px-Volta_Bureau_Washington_DC.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Headquarters in Washington, DC</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">1890</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Focus</th><td class="infobox-data">Speech, cochlear implants</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data">Washington, D.C.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Area served </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Method</th><td class="infobox-data">Resources and advocacy</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Key people</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Susan Lenihan, Ph.D., Chair</li> <li>Emilio Alonso-Mendoza, CEO</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Employees</th><td class="infobox-data">8</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.agbell.org/">www<wbr />.agbell<wbr />.org</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing</b>, also known as <b>AG Bell</b>, is an organization that aims to <a href="/wiki/Oralism" title="Oralism">promote listening and spoken language</a> among people who are deaf and hard of hearing. It is headquartered in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, with chapters located throughout the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and a network of international affiliates. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Graham_Bell_Association_for_the_Deaf_and_Hard_of_Hearing&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Association was originally created as the American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf (AAPTSD). In 1908 it merged with <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Volta_Laboratory_and_Bureau" title="Volta Laboratory and Bureau">Volta Bureau</a> (founded in 1887 "for the increase and diffusion of knowledge relating to the deaf"), and was renamed as the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf in 1956 at the suggestion of Mrs. Frances Toms, the mother of a deaf son who was able to achieve high academic standings in mainstream schools with the organization's help.<sup id="cite_ref-Brantford_Expositor-1953.09.14a_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brantford_Expositor-1953.09.14a-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1999 the Association was finally renamed to the Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing.<sup id="cite_ref-AGBell_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGBell-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Controversy">Controversy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Graham_Bell_Association_for_the_Deaf_and_Hard_of_Hearing&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The foundation has been criticised for misleading and inaccurate claims made in relation to the use of <a href="/wiki/American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a> among the Deaf community after <a href="/wiki/Nyle_DiMarco" title="Nyle DiMarco">Nyle DiMarco</a> was announced as the winner of <a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model_(season_22)" class="mw-redirect" title="America's Next Top Model (season 22)">season 22</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/America%27s_Next_Top_Model" title="America's Next Top Model">America's Next Top Model</a></i>. The <a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Interpreters_for_the_Deaf" title="Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf">Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)" title="National Association of the Deaf (United States)">National Association of the Deaf</a>, the <a href="/wiki/National_Black_Deaf_Advocates" title="National Black Deaf Advocates">National Black Deaf Advocates</a> and academics accused the foundation of inaccuracy, <a href="/wiki/Bias_(statistics)" title="Bias (statistics)">bias</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pseudoscience" title="Pseudoscience">pseudoscience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">xenophobia</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eugenics" title="Eugenics">eugenics</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These are also allegations against Bell himself, who in 1884 published <i>Memoir upon the formation of a deaf variety of the human race</i>, a eugenics text that attributed sign education to more frequent marriages between deaf people, an outcome Bell recommended against on the grounds that family <a href="/wiki/Medical_history" title="Medical history">medical history</a> can be <a href="/wiki/Multifactorial_disease#History" title="Multifactorial disease">one of several</a> contributing factors towards some kinds of <a href="/wiki/Hearing_loss" title="Hearing loss">hearing loss</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template noprint noexcerpt Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Sources_that_are_usually_not_reliable" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="This claim needs references to sources which can independently confirm it. (August 2024)">needs independent confirmation</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Graham_Bell_Association_for_the_Deaf_and_Hard_of_Hearing&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Brantford_Expositor-1953.09.14a-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brantford_Expositor-1953.09.14a_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"Bell Ceremony: Give Glimpses of Life Of Telephone Inventor; "Always Loved Canada" ", <i><a href="/wiki/Brantford_Expositor" title="Brantford Expositor">Brantford Expositor</a></i>, 14 September 1953, pp. 13, 19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AGBell-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-AGBell_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agbell.org/DesktopDefault.aspx">"AGBell"</a>. Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 3,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=AGBell&rft.pub=Alexander+Graham+Bell+Association+for+the+Deaf+and+Hard+of+Hearing&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.agbell.org%2FDesktopDefault.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Graham+Bell+Association+for+the+Deaf+and+Hard+of+Hearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20210126072752/rid.org/2016/04/news-impacting-the-rid-community-nyle-dimarco-ag-bell-association">"News Impacting the RID Community: Nyle DiMarco & AG Bell Association"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Registry_of_Interpreters_for_the_Deaf" title="Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf">Registry of Interpreters for the Deaf</a>. April 5, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rid.org/2016/04/news-impacting-the-rid-community-nyle-dimarco-ag-bell-association">the original</a> on 26 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=News+Impacting+the+RID+Community%3A+Nyle+DiMarco+%26+AG+Bell+Association&rft.pub=Registry+of+Interpreters+for+the+Deaf&rft.date=2016-04-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frid.org%2F2016%2F04%2Fnews-impacting-the-rid-community-nyle-dimarco-ag-bell-association&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Graham+Bell+Association+for+the+Deaf+and+Hard+of+Hearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20181007000124/nad.org/2016/04/03/nyle-dimarco-and-language-for-your-child">"Nyle DiMarco and Language for Your Child"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_the_Deaf_(United_States)" title="National Association of the Deaf (United States)">National Association of the Deaf</a>. April 3, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nad.org/2016/04/03/nyle-dimarco-and-language-for-your-child">the original</a> on October 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyle+DiMarco+and+Language+for+Your+Child&rft.pub=National+Association+of+the+Deaf&rft.date=2016-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnad.org%2F2016%2F04%2F03%2Fnyle-dimarco-and-language-for-your-child&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Graham+Bell+Association+for+the+Deaf+and+Hard+of+Hearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20210609055326/nbda.org/news/nbda-letter-to-ag-bell-president-meredith-sugar-esq">"NBDA Letter to AG Bell President Meredith Sugar, Esq"</a>. <a href="/wiki/National_Black_Deaf_Advocates" title="National Black Deaf Advocates">National Black Deaf Advocates</a>. April 3, 2016. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nbda.org/news/nbda-letter-to-ag-bell-president-meredith-sugar-esq">the original</a> on 9 June 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=NBDA+Letter+to+AG+Bell+President+Meredith+Sugar%2C+Esq.&rft.pub=National+Black+Deaf+Advocates&rft.date=2016-04-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnbda.org%2Fnews%2Fnbda-letter-to-ag-bell-president-meredith-sugar-esq&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Graham+Bell+Association+for+the+Deaf+and+Hard+of+Hearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_C_Hauser2016" class="citation web cs1">Peter C Hauser (April 2, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.archive.org/web/20220624171555/facebook.com/notes/peter-c-hauser/nyle-is-not-the-one-spreading-myths/10209892117085992">"Nyle is not the one spreading myths"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://facebook.com/notes/peter-c-hauser/nyle-is-not-the-one-spreading-myths/10209892117085992">the original</a> on 24 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Facebook" title="Facebook">Facebook</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Nyle+is+not+the+one+spreading+myths&rft.date=2016-04-02&rft.au=Peter+C+Hauser&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffacebook.com%2Fnotes%2Fpeter-c-hauser%2Fnyle-is-not-the-one-spreading-myths%2F10209892117085992&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAlexander+Graham+Bell+Association+for+the+Deaf+and+Hard+of+Hearing" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alexander_Graham_Bell_Association_for_the_Deaf_and_Hard_of_Hearing&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A.A.P.T.S.D. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/associationrevi04deafgoog"><i>The Association Review: 1906</i></a>, Philadelphia, Penn.: American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf. Retrieved from the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>, June 7, 2012. <b>Note</b>: this review has been inadvertently listed on the Internet Archive as <i>The Association Review: 1899</i>, although some metadata correctly identifies it as from the year 1906.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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aria-labelledby="Alexander_Graham_Bell" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alexander Graham Bell"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alexander_Graham_Bell" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Alexander Graham Bell">Alexander Graham Bell</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Life and<br />family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Melville_Bell" title="Alexander Melville Bell">Alexander Melville Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beinn_Bhreagh" title="Beinn Bhreagh">Beinn Bhreagh, Nova Scotia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_House_(Colonial_Beach,_Virginia)" title="Bell House (Colonial Beach, Virginia)">Bell House (Virginia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bras_d%27Or_Lake" title="Bras d'Or Lake">Bras d'Or Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chichester_Bell" title="Chichester Bell">Chichester Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Fairchild" title="David Fairchild">David Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Fairchild" title="Graham Fairchild">Graham Fairchild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edwin_S._Grosvenor" title="Edwin S. Grosvenor">Edwin S. Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gardiner_Greene_Hubbard" title="Gardiner Greene Hubbard">Gardiner Greene Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_Hovey_Grosvenor" title="Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor">Gilbert Hovey Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilbert_M._Grosvenor" title="Gilbert M. Grosvenor">Gilbert M. Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Bell_Grossman_Pillot_Memorial" title="Hubbard Bell Grossman Pillot Memorial">Hubbard Bell Grossman Pillot Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kendall_Myers" title="Kendall Myers">Kendall Myers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_Gardiner_Hubbard" title="Mabel Gardiner Hubbard">Mabel Gardiner Hubbard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mabel_H._Grosvenor" title="Mabel H. Grosvenor">Mabel H. Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melville_Bell_Grosvenor" title="Melville Bell Grosvenor">Melville Bell Grosvenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_International_Congress_on_Education_of_the_Deaf" title="Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf">Second International Congress on Education of the Deaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Telephone_Cases" title="The Telephone Cases">Telephone Cases</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_Pollok" title="Anthony Pollok">Anthony Pollok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Williams_Jr._House" title="Charles Williams Jr. House">Charles Williams Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_Curtiss" title="Glenn Curtiss">Glenn Curtiss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcellus_Bailey" title="Marcellus Bailey">Marcellus Bailey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cowherd" title="Thomas Cowherd">Thomas Cowherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Selfridge" title="Thomas Selfridge">Thomas Selfridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_A._Watson" title="Thomas A. Watson">Thomas A. Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Seymour_Allward" title="Walter Seymour Allward">Walter Seymour Allward</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AEA_Cygnet" title="AEA Cygnet">AEA Cygnet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEA_June_Bug" title="AEA June Bug">AEA June Bug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEA_Red_Wing" title="AEA Red Wing">AEA Red Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEA_Silver_Dart" title="AEA Silver Dart">AEA Silver Dart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AEA_White_Wing" title="AEA White Wing">AEA White Wing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_Experiment_Association" title="Aerial Experiment Association">Aerial Experiment Association</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Boatyard" title="Bell Boatyard">Bell Boatyard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Oionus_I" title="Bell Oionus I">Bell Oionus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_System" title="Bell System">Bell System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Telephone_Company" title="Bell Telephone Company">Bell Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aerodrome_Baddeck_No._1_and_No._2" title="Canadian Aerodrome Baddeck No. 1 and No. 2">Canadian Aerodrome Baddeck No. 1 and No. 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Aerodrome_Company" title="Canadian Aerodrome Company">Canadian Aerodrome Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clarke_Schools_for_Hearing_and_Speech" title="Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech">Clarke Schools for Hearing and Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dictation_machine" title="Dictation machine">Dictation machine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Gower-Bell_Telephone_Company_of_Europe" title="Edison Gower-Bell Telephone Company of Europe">Edison Gower-Bell Telephone Company of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_Gray_and_Alexander_Bell_telephone_controversy" title="Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy">Elisha Gray and Alexander Bell telephone controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphophone" title="Graphophone">Graphophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HD-4" title="HD-4">HD-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubbard_Monoplane" title="Hubbard Monoplane">Hubbard Monoplane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_Extension_Institute" title="Life Extension Institute">Life Extension Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Telephone_Company" title="National Telephone Company">National Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_England_Telephone_and_Telegraph_Company" title="New England Telephone and Telegraph Company">New England Telephone and Telegraph Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Telephone_Company" title="Oriental Telephone Company">Oriental Telephone Company</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phonograph_cylinder" title="Phonograph cylinder">Phonograph cylinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photophone" title="Photophone">Photophone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Volta_Laboratory_and_Bureau" title="Volta Laboratory and Bureau">Volta Laboratory and Bureau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tributes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_National_Historic_Site" title="Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site">Alexander Graham Bell National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_School_(Chicago)" title="Alexander Graham Bell School (Chicago)">Alexander Graham Bell School (Illinois)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Graham_Bell_honors_and_tributes" title="Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes">Alexander Graham Bell honors and tributes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Homestead_National_Historic_Site" title="Bell Homestead National Historic Site">Bell Homestead National Historic Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bell_Memorial" title="Bell Memorial">Bell Telephone Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graham_Bell_Island" title="Graham Bell Island">Graham Bell Island</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMCS_Bras_d%27Or_(FHE_400)" title="HMCS Bras d'Or (FHE 400)">HMCS <i>Bras d'Or</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IEEE_Alexander_Graham_Bell_Medal" title="IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal">IEEE Alexander Graham Bell Medal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneers,_a_Volunteer_Network" title="Pioneers, a Volunteer Network">Pioneers, a Volunteer Network</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="The Story of Alexander Graham Bell">The Story of Alexander Graham Bell</a></i> (1939 film)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_and_the_Silence" title="The Sound and the Silence">The Sound and the Silence</a></i> (1992 film)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Alexander_Graham_Bell" title="Category:Alexander Graham Bell">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4718999#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="American Association to Promote the Teaching of Speech to the Deaf"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20050166220&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Alexander Graham Bell Association for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ko2009529030&CON_LNG=ENG">2</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Volta Speech Association for the Deaf (Spojené státy americké)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=nlk20050166219&CON_LNG=ENG">3</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span 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