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id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Indice" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">GRB 970228</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 21 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-21" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">21 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%81%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D8%B4%D8%B9%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7_970228" title="انفجار أشعة غاما 970228 - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="انفجار أشعة غاما 970228" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voce in vetrina"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A2%D8%B1%D8%A8%DB%8C_%DB%B9%DB%B7%DB%B0%DB%B2%DB%B2%DB%B8" title="جی‌آربی ۹۷۰۲۲۸ - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جی‌آربی ۹۷۰۲۲۸" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="voce di qualità"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB_970228" title="GRB 970228 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="GRB 970228" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1987201#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GRB_970228" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:GRB_970228&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina (la pagina non esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GRB_970228"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/GRB_970228"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/GRB_970228" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/GRB_970228" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&oldid=141736454" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=GRB_970228&id=141736454&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGRB_970228"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FGRB_970228"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=GRB+970228"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=GRB_970228&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In altri progetti </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GRB_970228" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1987201" title="Collegamento all'elemento connesso dell'archivio dati [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Elemento Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspetto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion" id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Coordinate_celesti" title="Coordinate celesti">Coordinate</a>: <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Carta celeste"><img alt="Carta celeste" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/20px-Jupiter_and_moon.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/30px-Jupiter_and_moon.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Jupiter_and_moon.png/40px-Jupiter_and_moon.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wikisky.org/?ra=5.0296388888889&de=11.781388888889&zoom=6&show_grid=1&show_constellation_lines=1&show_constellation_boundaries=1&show_const_names=1&show_galaxies=1&img_source=IMG_all">05<sup>h</sup> 01<sup>m</sup> 46.7<sup>s</sup>, +11° 46′ 53″</a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r143074810">.mw-parser-output .sinottico{background-color:#f8f9fa;border:1px solid #c8ccd1;border-spacing:0;clear:right;float:right;font-size:95%;line-height:1.4em;margin:0 0 1em 1.5em;width:280px}.mw-parser-output .sinottico caption{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){background-color:#f3f3f3;border-right:1px solid #e5e5e8;text-align:left;vertical-align:top}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr:not(:last-child)>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th{border-bottom:1px solid #e0e0e0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child),.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>th:not(:only-child){padding:.25em .4em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata>tbody>tr>td{vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .sinottico>tbody>tr>td>hr:only-child{margin:0.4em 0.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico ul{margin:0 0 0 1em;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata{border-spacing:0;margin:0 -.4em;width:calc(100% + calc(.4em*2))}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child{margin-bottom:-.2em}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>td,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_annidata:last-child>tbody>tr:last-child>th{border-bottom:none}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione+.sinottico_divisione>th,.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata+.sinottico_divisione>th{border-top:2px solid #f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_divisione th{background-color:#eeeeee;padding:.15em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede{text-align:center;font-size:90%;background:#EFEFEF}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_piede2{background-color:white;font-size:xx-small;padding-bottom:0;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_sottotitolo{font-size:80%}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testata th{background-color:#dedede;font-size:116%;padding:.2em .4em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sinottico_testo_centrale{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" style="width:300px"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background: #E0C090; color: black">GRB 970228<br /><span class="sinottico_sottotitolo"><a href="/wiki/Lampo_gamma" title="Lampo gamma">Lampo gamma</a></span></th></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background: #E0C090; color: black">Dati osservativi<br /><small>(<a href="/wiki/Epoca_(astronomia)" title="Epoca (astronomia)">epoca</a> <a href="/wiki/J2000" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000">J2000</a>)</small></th></tr><tr><th style="width:45%"><a href="/wiki/Costellazione" title="Costellazione">Costellazione</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Orione_(costellazione)" title="Orione (costellazione)">Orione</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:45%"><a href="/wiki/Ascensione_retta" title="Ascensione retta">Ascensione retta</a></th><td>05<sup>h</sup> 01<sup>m</sup> 46,7<sup>s</sup> </td></tr><tr><th style="width:45%"><a href="/wiki/Declinazione_(astronomia)" title="Declinazione (astronomia)">Declinazione</a></th><td>+11° 46′ 53,0″ </td></tr><tr><th style="width:45%"><a href="/wiki/Distanza_astronomica" title="Distanza astronomica">Distanza</a></th><td>8123000000 <a href="/wiki/Anno_luce" title="Anno luce">a.l.</a> <br /> (2490190067 <a href="/wiki/Parsec" title="Parsec">pc</a>) </td></tr><tr><th style="width:45%"><a href="/wiki/Spostamento_verso_il_rosso" title="Spostamento verso il rosso">Redshift</a></th><td>0,695 </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background: #E0C090; color: black">Caratteristiche fisiche</th></tr><tr><th style="width:45%">Tipo</th><td><a href="/wiki/Lampo_gamma" title="Lampo gamma">Lampo gamma</a> </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background: #E0C090; color: black">Mappa di localizzazione</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><div style="position: relative; width: 260px; margin: auto; float: {{{allineamento}}}; clear: {{{allineamento}}};"><div style="position: absolute; left: 155px; top: 111px; padding: 0;"><span class="mw-valign-top" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cercle_rouge_100%25.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="GRB 970228"><img alt="GRB 970228" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cercle_rouge_100%25.svg/15px-Cercle_rouge_100%25.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cercle_rouge_100%25.svg/23px-Cercle_rouge_100%25.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Cercle_rouge_100%25.svg/30px-Cercle_rouge_100%25.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Orion_IAU.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orion_IAU.svg/260px-Orion_IAU.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="323" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orion_IAU.svg/390px-Orion_IAU.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Orion_IAU.svg/520px-Orion_IAU.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="606" data-file-height="752" /></a></span></div> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="sinottico_piede" style="background: #E0C090; color: black"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Lampi_gamma" title="Categoria:Lampi gamma">Categoria di lampi gamma</a> </td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r139486644">body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output #coordinates{font-size:85%;line-height:1.5em;white-space:nowrap}</style> <p><b>GRB 970228</b><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> è stato il primo <a href="/wiki/Lampo_gamma" title="Lampo gamma">lampo gamma</a><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in cui è stato possibile osservare un bagliore residuo (afterglow).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> È stato rilevato il 28 Febbraio 1997 alle 2:58 <a href="/wiki/Tempo_coordinato_universale" title="Tempo coordinato universale">UTC</a>. </p><p>Sin dal 1993 i fisici avevano previsto che i lampi gamma sarebbero stati seguiti da un bagliore residuo a energia inferiore rispetto al lampo iniziale (nelle <a href="/wiki/Lunghezza_d%27onda" title="Lunghezza d'onda">lunghezze d'onda</a> delle <a href="/wiki/Onde_radio" title="Onde radio">onde radio</a>, dei <a href="/wiki/Raggi_X" title="Raggi X">raggi-x</a> e anche della <a href="/wiki/Spettro_visibile" title="Spettro visibile">luce visibile</a>), tuttavia, prima di questo evento, erano stati osservati solo lampi gamma altamente <a href="/wiki/Luminosit%C3%A0_(astronomia)" title="Luminosità (astronomia)">luminosi</a> ed energetici che non permettevano di localizzarli con accuratezza. </p><p>Il lampo gamma in questione ebbe diversi picchi nella sua <a href="/wiki/Curva_di_luce" title="Curva di luce">curva di luce</a> e durò intorno agli 80 secondi.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le peculiarità della curva di luce di GRB 970228 suggerirono che sia anche avvenuta una <a href="/wiki/Supernova" title="Supernova">supernova</a>. La posizione del lampo gamma coincise con una <a href="/wiki/Galassia" title="Galassia">galassia</a> ad una distanza di circa 8,1 miliardi di <a href="/wiki/Anno_luce" title="Anno luce">anni luce</a> (con <a href="/wiki/Spostamento_verso_il_rosso" title="Spostamento verso il rosso">spostamento verso il rosso</a> pari a z = 0.695), fornendo le prime prove che i lampi gamma si verificano ben oltre la <a href="/wiki/Via_Lattea" title="Via Lattea">Via Lattea</a>; ciò venne dimostrato in maniera decisiva due mesi dopo con l'osservazione di un altro lampo gamma <a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970508&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GRB 970508 (la pagina non esiste)">GRB 970508</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Osservazioni">Osservazioni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Osservazioni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Osservazioni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>GRB 970228 è stato rilevato il 28 Febbraio 1997 alle 2:58 UTC dal rilevatore di lampi gamma (GRBM) e da una delle Wide Field Camera (WFC) a bordo del <a href="/wiki/Beppo-SAX" title="Beppo-SAX">BeppoSAX</a>, un satellite italo-olandese originariamente progettato per studiare <a href="/wiki/Raggi_X" title="Raggi X">raggi-X</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Il lampo durò circa 80 secondi ed ebbe molteplici picchi nella sua <a href="/wiki/Curva_di_luce" title="Curva di luce">curva di luce</a>. I lampi gamma hanno profili temporali molto diversi e non è del tutto chiaro il motivo per cui alcuni lampi hanno più picchi e altri ne hanno solamente uno. Una possibile spiegazione è che si formino più picchi quando la sorgente del lampo gamma subisce una <a href="/wiki/Precessione" title="Precessione">precessione</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Entro poche ore, il team del BeppoSAX utilizzò il rilevamento di raggi-X per determinare la posizione del lampo con un margine di errore di 3 <a href="/wiki/Minuto_d%27arco" class="mw-redirect" title="Minuto d'arco">minuti d'arco</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Circa uno e nove giorni dopo, furono scattate immagini ottiche della posizione del lampo (tenendo conto del margine d'errore) con il <a href="/wiki/Telescopio_William_Herschel" title="Telescopio William Herschel">telescopio William Herschel</a> a <a href="/wiki/La_Palma" title="La Palma">La Palma</a>; il confronto delle immagini ha rivelato una sorgente puntiforme in dissolvenza situata ad un'<a href="/wiki/Ascensione_retta" title="Ascensione retta">ascensione retta</a> di 05h 01m 46.7s e una <a href="/wiki/Declinazione_(astronomia)" title="Declinazione (astronomia)">declinazione</a> di +11° 46′ 53.0″, fornendo la prima localizzazione con precisione al <a href="/wiki/Secondo_d%27arco" class="mw-redirect" title="Secondo d'arco">secondo d'arco</a> di qualsiasi lampo gamma.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">I numeri indicano la data in cui è stato rilevato il lampo gamma in formato YYMMDD</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">abbreviato in GRB (dall'inglese <i>gamma-ray burst)</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation libro" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) Govert Schilling, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flashhuntforbigg0000schi"><span style="font-style:italic;">"Flash!: The Hunt for the Biggest Explosions in the Universe"</span></a>, Cambridge University Press, 2002, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/flashhuntforbigg0000schi/page/101">101</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-521-80053-6" title="Speciale:RicercaISBN/0-521-80053-6">0-521-80053-6</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b>^</b> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-0">a</a></i></sup> <sup><i><a href="#cite_ref-:0_4-1">b</a></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpe.mpg.de/~jcg/grb970228.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">Gamma-ray Burst 970228: Score !</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Max-Planck Institute for Extraterrestrial Physics</span>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> Simon Portegies Zwart e Tomonori Totani, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/328/3/951/1246684?login=false"><span style="font-style:italic;">"Precessing jets interacting with interstellar material as the origin for the light curves of gamma-ray bursts"</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society</span>, vol. 328, n. 3, pp. 951-957, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001MNRAS.328..951P">2001MNRAS.328..951P</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1046%2Fj.1365-8711.2001.04913.x">10.1046/j.1365-8711.2001.04913.x</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation pubblicazione" style="font-style:normal"> E. Costa, F. Frontera, J. Heise, M. Feroci, J. in 't Zand, F. Fiore, M.N. Cinti, D. Dal Fiume, L. Nicastro, M. Orlandini, E. Palazzi, M. Rapisarda, G. Zavattini, R. Jager, A. Parmar, A. Owens, S. Molendi, G. Cusumano, M.C. Maccarone, S. Giarrusso, A. Coletta, L.A. Antonelli, P. Giomi, J.M. Muller, L. Piro, R.C. Butler, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oadoi.org/10.1038/42885"><span style="font-style:italic;">"Discovery of an X-ray afterglow associated with the γ-ray burst of 28 February 1997"</span></a>, in <span style="font-style:italic;">Nature</span>, vol. 387, n. 6635, Giugno 1997, pp. 783-785, <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1997Natur.387..783C">1997Natur.387..783C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1038%2F42885">10.1038/42885</a>.</cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web" style="font-style:normal"> P. J. Groot e T. J. Galama et al., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iauc/06500/06588.html"><span style="font-style:italic;">IAUC 6588: GRB 970228</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">cbat.eps.harvard.edu</span>, 14 Marzo 1997.</cite></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:GRB 970228"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GRB_970228?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:GRB_970228?uselang=it">GRB 970228</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=GRB_970228&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mpe.mpg.de/~jcg/grb970228.html">Gamma-ray Burst 970228</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110303114630/http://www.asdc.asi.it/bepposax/first/grb970228.html">BeppoSAX follow-up observations of the region of the Gamma-ray burst GRB 970228</a></li></ul> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; 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