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Lumbricina — Wikipèdia
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vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Classificacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Classificacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Classificacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Biologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Biologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Biologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Biologia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Biologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Anatomia_e_descripcion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anatomia_e_descripcion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Anatomia e descripcion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anatomia_e_descripcion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduccion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduccion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Reproduccion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reproduccion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Respiracion_e_sistèma_circulatòri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Respiracion_e_sistèma_circulatòri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Respiracion e sistèma circulatòri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Respiracion_e_sistèma_circulatòri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Digestion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Digestion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Digestion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Digestion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Taxonomia_e_principalas_originas_geograficas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Taxonomia_e_principalas_originas_geograficas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Taxonomia e principalas originas geograficas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Taxonomia_e_principalas_originas_geograficas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Taxonomia e principalas originas geograficas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Taxonomia_e_principalas_originas_geograficas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Espècias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Espècias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Espècias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Espècias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetica_dels_Lumbricinae" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetica_dels_Lumbricinae"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Genetica dels Lumbricinae</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetica_dels_Lumbricinae-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ecologia</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ecologia-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Ecologia</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ecologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Categorias_ecologicas_dels_lombricians" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Categorias_ecologicas_dels_lombricians"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Categorias ecologicas dels lombricians</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Categorias_ecologicas_dels_lombricians-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ròtle_ecologic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ròtle_ecologic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Ròtle ecologic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ròtle_ecologic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Activitat_biologica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Activitat_biologica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2.1</span> <span>Activitat biologica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Activitat_biologica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Menaças_pesant_suls_vèrms_de_tèrra" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Menaças_pesant_suls_vèrms_de_tèrra"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Menaças pesant suls vèrms de tèrra</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Menaças_pesant_suls_vèrms_de_tèrra-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Menaças pesant suls vèrms de tèrra</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Menaças_pesant_suls_vèrms_de_tèrra-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ecotoxicologia,_bioindicacion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecotoxicologia,_bioindicacion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Ecotoxicologia, bioindicacion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ecotoxicologia,_bioindicacion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consequéncias_economicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consequéncias_economicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Consequéncias economicas</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Consequéncias_economicas-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Consequéncias economicas</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Consequéncias_economicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Usatge_economic" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Usatge_economic"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Usatge economic</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Usatge_economic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Los_principals_especialistas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Los_principals_especialistas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Los principals especialistas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Los_principals_especialistas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lista_de_las_familhas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lista_de_las_familhas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Lista de las familhas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lista_de_las_familhas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nòtas_e_referéncias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Nòtas e referéncias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nòtas_e_referéncias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vejatz_tanben" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vejatz_tanben"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Vejatz tanben</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Commuta la subsecció Vejatz tanben</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Vejatz_tanben-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Articles_connèxes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Articles_connèxes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.1</span> <span>Articles connèxes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Articles_connèxes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.2</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referéncias_taxinomicas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referéncias_taxinomicas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.3</span> <span>Referéncias taxinomicas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referéncias_taxinomicas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ligam_extèrne" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligam_extèrne"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12.4</span> <span>Ligam extèrne</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligam_extèrne-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Somari" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span style="font-style: normal">Lumbricina</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 97 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-97" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">97 lengas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erdwurm" title="Erdwurm - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Erdwurm" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnwyrm" title="Regnwyrm - anglès antic" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Regnwyrm" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="anglès antic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="دودة الأرض - arabi" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دودة الأرض" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%B6" title="دودة الارض - àrab egipci" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="دودة الارض" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="àrab egipci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%81" title="কেঁচু - assamès" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="কেঁচু" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="assamès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-atj mw-list-item"><a href="https://atj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kinepikocic" title="Kinepikocic - atacama" lang="atj" hreflang="atj" data-title="Kinepikocic" data-language-autonym="Atikamekw" data-language-local-name="atacama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Atikamekw</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sillq%27u" title="Sillq'u - aimara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Sillq'u" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="aimara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1%D9%82%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D9%88" title="یئرقوردو - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="یئرقوردو" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyulati" title="Nyulati - balinés" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Nyulati" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="balinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alolonti" title="Alolonti - Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Alolonti" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%87%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%96" title="Дажджавыя чэрві - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Дажджавыя чэрві" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%8F_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%BA%D1%96" title="Дажджавыя чарвякі - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Дажджавыя чарвякі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Дъждовни червеи - bulgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Дъждовни червеи" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8B" title="কেঁচো - bengalin" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="কেঁচো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzhug" title="Buzhug - breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Buzhug" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cucs_de_terra" title="Cucs de terra - catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cucs de terra" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0u-%C5%ABng" title="Gàu-ūng - Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gàu-ūng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="ДогӀанан нӀаьний - chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="ДогӀанан нӀаьний" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chy mw-list-item"><a href="https://chy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ho%27%C3%A9m%C3%A9hne" title="Ho'éméhne - xeiene" lang="chy" hreflang="chy" data-title="Ho'éméhne" data-language-autonym="Tsetsêhestâhese" data-language-local-name="xeiene" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tsetsêhestâhese</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DA%B5%D8%AE%DB%86%D8%B1%DA%A9%DB%95" title="گڵخۆرکە - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="گڵخۆرکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD%C3%AD%C5%BEaly" title="Žížaly - chèc" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Žížaly" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="chèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%90%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ӑман - chovash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ӑман" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chovash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abwydyn" title="Abwydyn - gal·lès" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Abwydyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="gal·lès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbricina" title="Lumbricina - alemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Lumbricina" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonggiluang" title="Tonggiluang - dusun central" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Tonggiluang" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="dusun central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गँड्यौला - Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="गँड्यौला" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%93%CE%B5%CF%89%CF%83%CE%BA%CF%8E%CE%BB%CE%B7%CE%BA%CE%B1%CF%82" title="Γεωσκώληκας - grèc" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Γεωσκώληκας" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm" title="Earthworm - anglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Earthworm" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tervermo" title="Tervermo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tervermo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zizare" title="Zizare - basc" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zizare" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D8%B1%D9%85_%D8%AE%D8%A7%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="کرم خاکی - perse" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="کرم خاکی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="perse" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbricina" title="Lumbricina - francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Lumbricina" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuiteog" title="Cuiteog - irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Cuiteog" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%AF%92%E8%9E%BC%E5%AD%90" title="寒螼子 - xinès gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="寒螼子" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="xinès gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mi%C3%B1oca" title="Miñoca - galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Miñoca" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sevo%27i" title="Sevo'i - guaraní" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Sevo'i" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="guaraní" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%C3%B9ng-hi%C3%A8n" title="Chhùng-hièn - xinès hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhùng-hièn" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="xinès hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%A2%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%93%D7%9E%D7%94" title="תולעי אדמה - ebrèu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תולעי אדמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebrèu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%86" title="केंचुआ - Indi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="केंचुआ" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Indi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbricina" title="Lumbricina - ongrés" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Lumbricina" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ongrés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B6%D5%B1%D6%80%D6%87%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A4%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Անձրևորդեր - armèni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Անձրևորդեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armèni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacing_tanah" title="Cacing tanah - indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Cacing tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lombriko" title="Lombriko - ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Lombriko" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81nama%C3%B0kur" title="Ánamaðkur - islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ánamaðkur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%9F%E3%82%BA" title="ミミズ - japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミミズ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacing_lemah" title="Cacing lemah - javanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Cacing lemah" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="javanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuniat" title="Kuniat - tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Kuniat" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munsyobo" title="Munsyobo - kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Munsyobo" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kongo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D2%9B%D2%B1%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8B" title="Жауын құрты - cazac" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жауын құрты" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="cazac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಎರೆಹುಳು - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎರೆಹುಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EB%A0%81%EC%9D%B4" title="지렁이 - corean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지렁이" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="corean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-koi mw-list-item"><a href="https://koi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Нидзыв - komi-permiac" lang="koi" hreflang="koi" data-title="Нидзыв" data-language-autonym="Перем коми" data-language-local-name="komi-permiac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Перем коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%86%D9%85_%D8%B3%D9%90%D9%86" title="بۆم سِن - cashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="بۆم سِن" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="cashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sliekas" title="Sliekas - leton" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Sliekas" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="leton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%A3%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B0" title="മണ്ണിര - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="മണ്ണിര" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B3" title="गांडूळ - marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="गांडूळ" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%99%D3%B9%D0%BB" title="Йӹл - mari occidental" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Йӹл" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacing_tanah" title="Cacing tanah - malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Cacing tanah" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="တီကောင် - birman" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="တီကောင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%84_%D8%A7%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="گل اجیک - mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گل اجیک" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%BE" title="गँड्यौला - nepalés" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="गँड्यौला" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="nepalés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elewazi" title="Elewazi - nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Elewazi" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="nias" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Li Niha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbricina" title="Lumbricina - neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lumbricina" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitemarker" title="Meitemarker - norvegian bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Meitemarker" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegian bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nv mw-list-item"><a href="https://nv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81eeyi%CA%BC_ch%CA%BCosh" title="Łeeyiʼ chʼosh - navaho" lang="nv" hreflang="nv" data-title="Łeeyiʼ chʼosh" data-language-autonym="Diné bizaad" data-language-local-name="navaho" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Diné bizaad</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Уаллон - osseta" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Уаллон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="osseta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6" title="ਗੰਡੋਇਆ ਖਾਦ - punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਗੰਡੋਇਆ ਖਾਦ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumbricina" title="Lumbricina - polonés" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Lumbricina" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%D9%86%DA%88%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="گنڈویا - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="گنڈویا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minhoca" title="Minhoca - portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Minhoca" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llawq%27a" title="Llawq'a - quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Llawq'a" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A2m%C4%83" title="Râmă - romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Râmă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D1%8F%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Земляные черви - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Земляные черви" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%BA_%D1%87%D0%B8%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B1%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%8D" title="Балык чиэрбэтэ - iacut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Балык чиэрбэтэ" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="iacut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9E%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%B1%E1%B1%B0%E1%B1%AE%E1%B1%AB" title="ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱮᱫ - santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱞᱮᱱᱰᱮᱫ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="santali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cas%C3%A8ntula" title="Casèntula - sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Casèntula" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glista" title="Glista - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Glista" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm" title="Earthworm - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Earthworm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1%C5%BE%C4%8Fovky" title="Dážďovky - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dážďovky" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Глиста - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Глиста" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cacing" title="Cacing - sondanès" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Cacing" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sondanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyungunyungu" title="Nyungunyungu - swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Nyungunyungu" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/atikak" title="atikak - Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="atikak" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%81" title="மண்புழு - tamol" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மண்புழு" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%81" title="ನಕ್ಕುರು - toulou" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ನಕ್ಕುರು" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="toulou" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ತುಳು</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%AA%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%81" title="వానపాము - telogó" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="వానపాము" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telogó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%89%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99" title="ไส้เดือนดิน - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไส้เดือนดิน" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulating-lupa" title="Bulating-lupa - tagal" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Bulating-lupa" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%A7%DA%AD_(%D9%82%DB%87%D8%B1%D8%AA)" title="سازاڭ (قۇرت) - oigor" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="سازاڭ (قۇرت)" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="oigor" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%BE%D1%89%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%96_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B2%D0%B8" title="Дощові черви - ucrainés" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Дощові черви" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucrainés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%DB%8C%DA%86%D9%88%D8%A7" title="کیچوا - ordó" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="کیچوا" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="ordó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yomg%CA%BBir_chuvalchanglari" title="Yomgʻir chuvalchanglari - ozbèc" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Yomgʻir chuvalchanglari" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ozbèc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giun_%C4%91%E1%BA%A5t" title="Giun đất - vietnamian" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Giun đất" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wati" title="Wati - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Wati" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%9A%AF%E8%9A%93" title="蚯蚓 - chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="蚯蚓" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C5%8D%CD%98-k%C3%BAn" title="Tō͘-kún - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tō͘-kún" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E4%98%86" title="黃䘆 - cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="黃䘆" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q124378#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modificar los ligams interlenga" class="wbc-editpage">Modificar los ligams</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espacis de noms"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lumbricina" title="Veire l’article [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discutir:Lumbricina&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Discussion a prepaus d'aquesta pagina (la pagina existís pas) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussion</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Canvia la variant de llengua" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">occitan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Afichatges"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Lumbricina"><span>Legir</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit" title="Modificar aquela pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modificar</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit" title="Modificar lo còdi font d'aquela pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=history" title="Los autors e versions precedentas d'aquesta pagina. 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article de Wikipèdia, l'enciclopèdia liura.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="oc" dir="ltr"><div class="infobox_v3 large taxobox_v3 zoologia animal bordered" style="width:20em"> <div class="entete" style=""> <div>Lumbricina </div> </div><div class="images"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Earthworm.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Descripcion d'aqueste imatge, tanben comentat çaiaprèp" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Earthworm.jpg/290px-Earthworm.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Earthworm.jpg/435px-Earthworm.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Earthworm.jpg/580px-Earthworm.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1067" /></a></span> </div> <p class="legend">Un vèrm de tèrra (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricidae (la pagina existís pas)">Lumbricidae</a> europèu)</p><table class="taxobox_classificacion"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Classificacion_scientifica_de_las_esp%C3%A8cias" class="mw-redirect" title="Classificacion scientifica de las espècias">Classificacion</a></caption><tbody><tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A8gne_(biologia)" title="Règne (biologia)">Règne</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/wiki/Animal" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal">Animalia</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Embrancament_(biologia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Embrancament (biologia)">Embrancament</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Annelida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Annelida (la pagina existís pas)">Annelida</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Classa_(biologia)" title="Classa (biologia)">Classa</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clitellata (la pagina existís pas)">Clitellata</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/Sosclassa_(biologia)" title="Sosclassa (biologia)">Sosclassa</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligochaeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligochaeta (la pagina existís pas)">Oligochaeta</a></span></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" style="width:8em;"><a href="/wiki/%C3%92rdre_(biologia)" title="Òrdre (biologia)">Òrdre</a></th> <td> <span class="normal"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Haplotaxida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haplotaxida (la pagina existís pas)">Haplotaxida</a></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="bloc"><a href="/wiki/Sos%C3%B2rdre" class="mw-redirect" title="Sosòrdre">Sosòrdre</a></p><p class="center taxobox_classificacion"><b><span class="normal"><span style="font-style: normal">Lumbricina</span></span></b><br /><span class="rnormal"><small><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Henri-Marie_Ducrotay_de_Blainville&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Henri-Marie Ducrotay de Blainville (la pagina existís pas)">De Blainville</a>, <a href="/wiki/1830" class="mw-redirect" title="1830">1830</a></b></small></span></p> <p>! style=";" colspan="2" | <a href="/wiki/Classificacion_filogenetica" title="Classificacion filogenetica">Classificacion filogenetica</a> |----- </p> <b>Posicion :</b><br />{{{2}}} <p>|----- </p> </div> <p><br /> Lo <a href="/wiki/Sos%C3%B2rdre_(biologia)" title="Sosòrdre (biologia)">sosòrdre</a> dels <b>Lumbricina</b>, regropa l'ensemble dels <b>vèrmes de tèrra</b> o <b>lombric</b> siá tretze <a href="/wiki/Familha_(biologia)" title="Familha (biologia)">familhas</a> e mai 6 000 <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_(biologia)" title="Espècia (biologia)">espècias</a> descrichas (e de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haplotaxida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haplotaxida (la pagina existís pas)">Haplotaxida</a> fòrça nombrosas non encara conegudas, subretot dins las regions tropicalas). </p><p>Los vèrms de tèrra son d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_ecavaire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Animal ecavaire (la pagina existís pas)">animals ecavaires</a> que contribuisson a la mescla de contunh de las jaças del sòl (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bioturbacion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bioturbacion (la pagina existís pas)">bioturbacion</a>). </p><p>Lor diversitat especifica e genetica, lor activitat e lor ecologia ne fan d'actors màger dins l'estructuracion e l'entreten de las proprietats fisicas dels sòls, que lor capacitats e gardar e de purificar l'aiga<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e dins la qualitat del foncionament dels agroecosistèmas<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Existís pel mond unas espècias semiaquaticas (que respiran periodicament d'aire en superfícia amb un sifon) o subaquaticas (una sola en Euròpa: <i>Criodrilus lacuum</i>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Densitat_e_biomassa">Densitat e biomassa</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modificar la seccion : Densitat e biomassa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=1" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Densitat e biomassa"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los vèrms de tèrra son omnipresents dins los sòls tropicals o temperats (levat quand son fòrçat acids). Al sen de la diversitat del organismes poblant lo sòl, son lo grop animal que la biomassa es mai importanta (60 a 80 % de la biomassa animala dels sòls): lor densitat va de 50 a 400 individús al mètre carrat (passant a vegada los 1 000 au m<sup>2</sup>), siá una biomassa viventa entre 30 e 100 g au m<sup>2</sup>. Lor biomassa es de 1 a 3 tonas per ectara dins les pradariás temperadas. Al total sus tèrra, representan un pes vint còp superior a aqueste dels umans. Lor diversitat taxonomica es fòrça importanta (3 627 espècias de lombric recensadas en 1994; 700 genres e 7 000 espècias documentadas en 2015). </p><p>Lor preséncia varia segon los mitans. Atal se pòt trobar 10 individús/m² dins un bosc de <a href="/wiki/Picea" title="Picea">picèas</a> temperat, 30 individús/m² dins une <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pradari%C3%A1,_savana,_garriga_temperats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pradariá, savana, garriga temperats (la pagina existís pas)">pradariá</a> magra, 250 individús/m² dins un bosc de <a href="/wiki/Fuelhut" title="Fuelhut">fuelhuts</a> o un camp e fins a 500 individús/m² dins una pastura. L’espandiment de fums solides de bovids, dins una proporcion de 50 tonas a l’ectara per annada, aumenta lo nombre de <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricus_terrestris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricus terrestris (la pagina existís pas)">Lumbricus terrestris</a></i> (anecics) de près de 250 %, lor nombre passant 1000 individús/m², çò que representa 5 tonas de vèrms de tèrra a l'ectara<sup id="cite_ref-pedofaune_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pedofaune-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Des recensaments mòstran mai sovent qu'aquesta abondança es fòrça mai redusida al sen de las parcelas agricòlas lauradas e monoculturalas o en preséncia de pesticidas. En efièch, dempuèi un sègle, unes terrens passèron de 2 tonas de vèrms de tèrra a l'ectara a 50 kg o mens. </p><p>Segon los sòls, lo climat e las espècias de lombrics, es estimat entre 40 e 600 tonas de turriculs que son excretats per an e per ectara, autrament dich tota la tèrra d'un jardin o d'un camp passa dins lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tub_digestiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tub digestiu (la pagina existís pas)">tub digestiu</a> dels lombrics dins un cinquantena d'annadas. Lor biomassa es tala que dins un camp cultivat, los cercaires estiman que tot lo sol sus l'espessor d'una relha es passat al mens un còp dins lor tub digestiu en mens de 5 ans. </p><p>Existís d'espècias aquaticas, per a çò nòstre <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criodrilus_lacuum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criodrilus lacuum (la pagina existís pas)">Criodrilus lacuum</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Classificacion">Classificacion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modificar la seccion : Classificacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=2" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Classificacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los vèrms de tèrra apartenon al grop <a href="/wiki/Coelomata" title="Coelomata">coelomata</a>, tripoblastic <a href="/wiki/Protostomia" title="Protostomia">protostomian</a>, a la sosclassa dels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Oligochaeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Oligochaeta (la pagina existís pas)">Oligoquètas</a> (literalament: <i>qu'an pauc de pels</i>), a l'òrdre dels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Haplotaxida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Haplotaxida (la pagina existís pas)">Haplotaxida</a> e al sosòrdre de las <b>Lumbricina</b>. </p><p>Las caracteristicas de morfologia son utilizadas pels sistematicians per classificar los vèrms de tèrra. Aquestas caracteristicas son<span></span>: la posicion segmentala del clitellum sul còrs, la longor del còrs, sa forma (cilindrica o aplatiat), lo nombre de segments corporals, lo tipe e la posicion de la sedas, la descripcion del prostomium, lo peristomium, la posicion extèrna e la morfologia dels orificis genitals, lo tipe de conflament glandulars sul <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clitellum (la pagina existís pas)">clitellum</a><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biologia">Biologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modificar la seccion : Biologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=3" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Biologia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anatomia_e_descripcion">Anatomia e descripcion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modificar la seccion : Anatomia e descripcion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=4" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Anatomia e descripcion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Wormanatomy.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wormanatomy.png/200px-Wormanatomy.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wormanatomy.png/300px-Wormanatomy.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Wormanatomy.png/400px-Wormanatomy.png 2x" data-file-width="507" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Anatomia d'un vèrm de tèrra</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Earthworm_head.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Earthworm_head.svg/220px-Earthworm_head.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Earthworm_head.svg/330px-Earthworm_head.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Earthworm_head.svg/440px-Earthworm_head.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="306" /></a><figcaption>Anatomia de la partida abans del vèrm.</figcaption></figure> <p>La cavitat coelomica es <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metameria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metameria (la pagina existís pas)">metamerizada</a>. Aquestas cavitats son omonòmas, donc regularas amb repeticion de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nefridia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nefridia (la pagina existís pas)">nefridias</a> e dels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganglion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ganglion (la pagina existís pas)">ganglions</a>, son mejançadas al nivèl de cada <a href="/w/index.php?title=Metam%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metamèra (la pagina existís pas)">metamèra</a> per un dissepiment e emplidas d’un liquid coelomic que pòt rajar a l’exterior per un pòr dorsal median. Lo còrs es atal constituit d'anèls successius nomenats <i>segments</i>. Aquestes son enrodats d'un musculatura longitudinala e d'una musculatura circulària. Cada segment es mai sovent garnit de quatre parelhs de cortas sedas sus la fàcia ventrala (vèrms temperats) o d'un reng de sedas tot lo torn (nombrosas espècias tropicalas). Aquesta sedas an de talhas e formas variadas segon lo mòde de vida e de locomocion. Los dos primièrs segments e lo darrièr an pas de sejas e an un ròtle particular: punta pel primièr, boca pel segond e <a href="/wiki/Anus" title="Anus">anus</a> pel darrièr. Lo primièr segment es nomenat prostomium (tèsta redusida per evolucion regressiva), lo segond peristomium, e lo darrièr pygidium. Es mai aprimat al nivèl del cap e leugièrament aplatat a son tèrme posterior. </p><p>De vèrms de tèrra d'America centrala e del Sud pòdon aténher 3 mètres. </p><p>Lo vèrm de tèrra possedís una <i>cadena nerviosa</i> ventrala (iponeurian), e un sistèma circulatòria tancat. </p><p>Lo tub digestiu es plan elaborat e compren una boca, un <a href="/wiki/Faringe" title="Faringe">faringe</a> que pòt servir de ventosa per tirar los aliments dins las galariás e de trissador. Los aliments passan enseguida dins lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Papach&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Papach (la pagina existís pas)">papach</a>, recebon un apòrt de <a href="/wiki/Carbonat_de_calci" title="Carbonat de calci">carbonat de calci</a> de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glandula_de_Morren&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glandula de Morren (la pagina existís pas)">glandulas de Morren</a>, passan dins lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gresi%C3%A8r&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gresièr (la pagina existís pas)">gresièr</a> que contunha lo trissatge e atenh fin finala l'<a href="/wiki/Intestin" title="Intestin">intestin</a>. Es là que se realiza lo complèxe argiloumic. La fòrta activitat microbiana de son tub digestiu permet al lombric de consomar 20 a 30 còps son volum de tèrra cada jorn<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>La color del còrs es mai sovent ròse a marron, a vegada irizat amb de rebat violets. Unas espècias son plan colorats (irange o turquesa, subretot per unes <i>Trigaster</i> d'America centrala). </p><p>Lo vèrm de tèrra se desplaça dins un <a href="/w/index.php?title=Peristaltisme&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Peristaltisme (la pagina existís pas)">movement peristaltic</a>, per contraccions asincrònas dels muscles longitudinals e circulars de segments que prenon pièja sus las cavitats coelomicas. Aquestas deformacions dels segments de l'idroesqueleta permeton la mobilitat de l'animal. </p><p>Segon una cresença populara, un vèrm de tèrra trencat en tres donariá naissença à tres vèrms de tèrra. En realitat, copa en dos, una sola partida pòt eventualament subreviure segon la posicion del talh al respècte dels organs vitals que son la tèsta e los organs sexuals. Dins aquesta cas, la partida anteriora pòt reconstituir en partida dels annèls posteriors mancants: aqueste fenomèn d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Autotomia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Autotomia (la pagina existís pas)">autotomia</a> seguit de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regeneracion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regeneracion (la pagina existís pas)">regeneracion</a>, limitat pel vèrm de tèrra, es en efièch sovent confondut amb lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=V%C3%A8rm_marin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vèrm marin (la pagina existís pas)">vèrm marin</a> al poder de reneraracion mai important<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reproduccion">Reproduccion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modificar la seccion : Reproduccion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=5" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Reproduccion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Earthworm_klitellum_copulation_beentree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Earthworm_klitellum_copulation_beentree.jpg/220px-Earthworm_klitellum_copulation_beentree.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Earthworm_klitellum_copulation_beentree.jpg/330px-Earthworm_klitellum_copulation_beentree.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Earthworm_klitellum_copulation_beentree.jpg/440px-Earthworm_klitellum_copulation_beentree.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1525" data-file-height="1141" /></a><figcaption>Acoblament en posicion ventrala e tèstas opausada (<a href="/wiki/69_(posicion)" title="69 (posicion)">cap e cuol</a>), estrechament units per la secrecion mucosa duel <a href="/w/index.php?title=Clitellum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Clitellum (la pagina existís pas)">clitellum</a>, mas per fòrça espècias la reproduccion clonala parteenogenetica es possible<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Earthworm_-_L._terrestris_cocoons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Earthworm_-_L._terrestris_cocoons.jpg/200px-Earthworm_-_L._terrestris_cocoons.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Earthworm_-_L._terrestris_cocoons.jpg/300px-Earthworm_-_L._terrestris_cocoons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Earthworm_-_L._terrestris_cocoons.jpg/400px-Earthworm_-_L._terrestris_cocoons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="479" /></a><figcaption>Cocons de vèrm de tèrra (<i>Lumbricus terrestris</i>)</figcaption></figure> <p>Los vèrms de tèrra son totes <a href="/wiki/Ermafrodisme" title="Ermafrodisme">ermafroditas</a>. Unas espècias son obligatòriament biparentalas, coma lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricus_terrestris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricus terrestris (la pagina existís pas)">vèrm de tèrra comun</a> alara que d’autres pòdon se reproduire sens acoblament, per auto-fertilizacion o <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partenogen%C3%A8si&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partenogenèsi (la pagina existís pas)">partenogenèsi</a>. </p><p>An un o dos parelhs de <a href="/wiki/Testicul" title="Testicul">testiculs</a> ont dos o quatre parelh de vesiculas seminalas produson los <a href="/wiki/Espermatozo%C3%AFde" title="Espermatozoïde">espermatozoïdes</a> que son recampats per d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Espermat%C3%A8ca&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espermatèca (la pagina existís pas)">espermatècas</a> abans d'èsser liberats pels pòrs genitals mascles pendent de la fecondacion extèrna. Lo parelh unic d’ovaris, localizat unes segments mai alunhats dels testiculs, emet d'uòus recampats pels pabalhons dels oviductes puèi liberats pels pòrs genitals femes. L'ermaphrodisme successiu disjunch la copulacion de la reproduccion. La copulacion se realiza mai sovent a la superfícia del sòl o dins lo sòl quand las condicions son favorablas. Los dos vèrms s’acoblan en posicion cap e cuol, estrechament units per la secrecion mucosa del clitellum: aqueste coissinet tegumentari apareguèt a la maturitat sexuala permet de manténer estrechament lo partenari pendent de la copulacion. L'acoblament dura una oras et consistís en un escambi d'espermes emeses pels orificis genitals masles cap a las espermatècas del partenari. Un còp los partenaris separats, aqueste coissinet forma un cocon qu'a una foncion importanta pendent que lo vèrm pren sos caractèrs sexuals femes. Lo vèrm se desengatja en efièch d'aqueste manchon, limpa e passa davans los pòrs genitals femes que recampa los ovules puèi los pòrs genitals mascles contenent los espermatozoïdes del partenari dins las espermatècas. Un còp que le vèrm se desengatgèt completament, aqueste cocon se tampa al nivèl de las doas extremitats. La fecondacion extèrna se realiza dins lo cocon que conten fins a un vintenat d'uòus. Sols un a tres pichona vermets ne sortisson après unas setmanas<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Respiracion_e_sistèma_circulatòri"><span id="Respiracion_e_sist.C3.A8ma_circulat.C3.B2ri"></span>Respiracion e sistèma circulatòri</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modificar la seccion : Respiracion e sistèma circulatòri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=6" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Respiracion e sistèma circulatòri"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A causa d'una respiracion exclusivament tegumentària (los vèrms de tèrra ne possedisson pas de palmons), lo còrs deu demorar umid per permetre la respiracion e evitar la desidratacion: se son tegument seca, pèrd sa permeabilitat als gases respiratòris. Aquesta respiracion cutanèa explica que son tegument secrèta una sisa de mucus idrofil que reten l'aiga a son contacte. </p><p>Lo sistèma circulatòri compren un gros vaissèl dorsal contractil ont la sang es propulsat cap l'avant. Cinc a set parelhs de còrs laterals tornan prene la sang e l'envian cap enrè dins un vaissèl ventral. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Digestion">Digestion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modificar la seccion : Digestion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=7" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Digestion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los lombrics ingerisson de la tèrra lo degalhs organics d'origina variada (bacteriana, fongica, animala e vegetala). Trissant los degalhs animals e subretot vegetals, facilitan l'ataca de la <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ria_organica" title="Matèria organica">matèria organica</a> per la comunautat de <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungis</a> e <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A8ri" title="Bactèri">bactèris</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bact%C3%A8rti_simbiotic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bactèrti simbiotic (la pagina existís pas)">simbiotics</a> dins lor <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tube_digestif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tube digestif (la pagina existís pas)">tub digestiu</a> que sol dispausa d'un equipament enzimatic que permet de decompausar la <a href="/wiki/Cellul%C3%B2sa" title="Cellulòsa">cellulòsa</a> e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lignina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lignina (la pagina existís pas)">lignina</a> de las plantas. Los lombrics benefician a lor torn d'aquesta digestion parciala que lor procura d'aliments mai accessibles à lors enzimas digestivas mas tiran tanben lor energia de la digestion de lo lors micròbis simbiotics. </p><p>Secrètan dins lor tub digestiu de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Drilodefensina&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drilodefensina (la pagina existís pas)">drilodefensinas</a> qu'agisson coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tensioactiu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tensioactiu (la pagina existís pas)">tensioactius</a> empachant los <a href="/wiki/Tanin" title="Tanin">tanins</a> de las fuèlhas que rosegan de se complexar amb las proteïnas enzimaticas. Sens aquestas drilodefensinas, las fuèlhas mòrtas serián pas digeridas e demorarián sus la superfícia de la tèrra plan de temps, fins a la construccion d'una sisa espesa. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Taxonomia_e_principalas_originas_geograficas">Taxonomia e principalas originas geograficas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Modificar la seccion : Taxonomia e principalas originas geograficas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=8" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Taxonomia e principalas originas geograficas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Ver_de_terre_tropical.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ver_de_terre_tropical.jpg/220px-Ver_de_terre_tropical.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ver_de_terre_tropical.jpg/330px-Ver_de_terre_tropical.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Ver_de_terre_tropical.jpg/440px-Ver_de_terre_tropical.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1804" data-file-height="1227" /></a><figcaption>Vèrm tropical (Índia)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Lumbricidae-bristles.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lumbricidae-bristles.jpg/220px-Lumbricidae-bristles.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lumbricidae-bristles.jpg/330px-Lumbricidae-bristles.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Lumbricidae-bristles.jpg/440px-Lumbricidae-bristles.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Segmentacion vista al microscòpi</figcaption></figure> <p>Òrdre: Haplotaxida; Sosórdre: Lumbricina </p><p><b>Principalas familhas:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricidae (la pagina existís pas)">Lumbricidae</a> (zonas temperadas de l'emisfèri Nòrd)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hormogastridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hormogastridae (la pagina existís pas)">Hormogastridae</a> (Euròpa)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sparganophilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sparganophilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Sparganophilidae</a> (America del Nòrd)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almidae (la pagina existís pas)">Almidae</a> (Africa, America del Sud)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthodrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acanthodrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Acanthodrilidae</a> (Africa, America centrala e del Sud)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocnerodrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocnerodrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Ocnerodrilidae</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Octochaetidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octochaetidae (la pagina existís pas)">Octochaetidae</a> (America Centrala, Índia, Nòva Zelanda, Austràlia)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megascolecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megascolecidae (la pagina existís pas)">Megascolecidae</a> (Asia, Africa, Oceania, Austràlia, America del Nòrd)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossoscolecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossoscolecidae (la pagina existís pas)">Glossoscolecidae</a> (America Centrala e del Sud)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Eudrilidae</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutodrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutodrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Lutodrilidae</a> (EUA)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microchaetidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microchaetidae (la pagina existís pas)">Microchaetidae</a> (Africa)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Criodrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Criodrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Biwadrilidae</a> (Japon)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ailoscolecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ailoscolecidae (la pagina existís pas)">Ailoscolecidae</a> (França)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Moniligastridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Moniligastridae (la pagina existís pas)">Moniligastridae</a> (Índia, Asia)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Espècias"><span id="Esp.C3.A8cias"></span>Espècias</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Modificar la seccion : Espècias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=9" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Espècias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Microchaeta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Microchaeta.jpg/220px-Microchaeta.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Microchaeta.jpg/330px-Microchaeta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Microchaeta.jpg/440px-Microchaeta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2995" data-file-height="2132" /></a><figcaption><i>Microchaeta</i> sp.</figcaption></figure> <p>En 2015, existissiá 7 000 espècias de lombrics documentadas. Repartits sus tota la superfícia de la planeta, los mai grands, coma <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Megascolides_australis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megascolides australis (la pagina existís pas)">Megascolides australis</a></i> o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Driloleirus_macelfreshi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Driloleirus macelfreshi (la pagina existís pas)">Driloleirus macelfreshi</a></i> vivon dins gaireben totes en zona tropicala. </p><p>En França 150 espècias son repertoriadas<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Las espècias <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricus_terrestris&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricus terrestris (la pagina existís pas)">Lumbricus terrestris</a></i> (<i>vèrm de tèrra comun</i>), <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricus_rubellus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricus rubellus (la pagina existís pas)">Lumbricus rubellus</a></i> o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eisenia_fetida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eisenia fetida (la pagina existís pas)">Eisenia fetida</a></i> (<i>vèrm del fems</i>) son los mai frequents. </p><p>Unas espècias vivon dins la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fusta_m%C3%B2rta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fusta mòrta (la pagina existís pas)">fusta mòrta</a> e la matèria en decomposicion. D'autres circulan dins lo sòl essencialament orizontalament, e d'autras encara verticalament (son aquestas que daissan de turriculs caracteristicas en superfícia). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetica_dels_Lumbricinae">Genetica dels Lumbricinae</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Modificar la seccion : Genetica dels Lumbricinae" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=10" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Genetica dels Lumbricinae"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>La <a href="/w/index.php?title=Plo%C3%AFdia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ploïdia (la pagina existís pas)">ploïdia</a> variabla al sen de cada espècia e entre las espècias alentiguèt longtemps los estudis sus la genetica dels vèrms de tèrra. Las tecnicas modèrnas de biologia moleculara foguèron aplicadas sonque recentaent aplicadas a aquestes animals, malgrat l'interés ecologic e agroecologic reconegut a aquestas espècias. E al començament del sègle XXI, sols los allozimes èran utilizats coma <a href="/w/index.php?title=Marcaire_molecular&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Marcaire molecular (la pagina existís pas)">marcaires moleculars</a> d'aquestes organismes, amb lors limitas. </p><p>Dempuèi pauc, los progreses del sequenciatge de l'ADN e del <i>Barcoding molecular</i><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> menèron a prepausar de novèls marcaires utils per, per exemple, estudiar la <a href="/wiki/Genetica_de_las_populacions" title="Genetica de las populacions">genetica de las populacions</a> de vèrms de tèrra. De marcaires moleculars <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microsatellit_(biologia)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microsatellit (biologia) (la pagina existís pas)">microsatellits</a> son atal ara disponibles per una espècias de vèrms de tèrra, coma <i>Allolobophora chlorotica</i><sup id="cite_ref-Dupont2011_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dupont2011-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> o <i>Aporrectodea icterica</i><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aquestas aisinas mostrèron d'aspèctes insopçonats de la diversitat genetica d'unes grops o espècias (coma <i>Lumbricus terrestris</i><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) e permeton d'explorar melhor l'estructura genetica e lo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Polimorfisme_genetic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polimorfisme genetic (la pagina existís pas)">polimorfisme genetic</a> d'espècias encara mal conegudas coma <i>Allolobophora chlorotica</i> en Euròpa. Deurián tanben permetre de prendre melhor en compte los juvenils (dificils d'identificar dins lo sòl)<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecologia">Ecologia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Modificar la seccion : Ecologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=11" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ecologia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Tail_tips_of_Glyphidrilus_chaophraya_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g023-B.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tail_tips_of_Glyphidrilus_chaophraya_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g023-B.jpg/220px-Tail_tips_of_Glyphidrilus_chaophraya_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g023-B.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tail_tips_of_Glyphidrilus_chaophraya_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g023-B.jpg/330px-Tail_tips_of_Glyphidrilus_chaophraya_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g023-B.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Tail_tips_of_Glyphidrilus_chaophraya_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g023-B.jpg/440px-Tail_tips_of_Glyphidrilus_chaophraya_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g023-B.jpg 2x" data-file-width="828" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>D'entre unas espècias semiaquaticas d’oligoquètas lumbricidats dep genre <i>Glyphidrilus</i>, <i>Glyphidrilus chaophraya</i> utiliza lo tèrme de sa coa, modificada per prene l’oxgèn atmosferic (Asia)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Glyphidrilus_cocoons_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g001-C.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Glyphidrilus_cocoons_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g001-C.jpeg/220px-Glyphidrilus_cocoons_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g001-C.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Glyphidrilus_cocoons_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g001-C.jpeg/330px-Glyphidrilus_cocoons_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g001-C.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Glyphidrilus_cocoons_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g001-C.jpeg/440px-Glyphidrilus_cocoons_-_ZooKeys-265-001-g001-C.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="830" data-file-height="741" /></a><figcaption>Cocon d’un vèrms semiaquatic del genre <i>Glyphidrilus</i> (Asia)</figcaption></figure> <p>Los vèrms de tèrra jògan un ròtle fondamental dins la produccion, l'estructuracion<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, l'entreten e la productivitat dels sols, boscoses, pradarials<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e agricòls per exemple, amb de foncions diferentas segon lo compartiment ocupats e lors desplaçaments quotidians o sasonièrs. Participan a la mineralizacion e <a href="/wiki/Um%C3%BAs" title="Umús">umificacion</a> del sòl en descompausa la <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ria_organica" title="Matèria organica">matèria organica</a>, favorisant la biodisponibilitat dels nutriments per las <a href="/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae">plantas</a> e los <a href="/wiki/Micr%C3%B2bi" title="Micròbi">microorganismes</a>. Son considerats coma d'espècia clau<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Lors capacitats de colonizacion d'abitats novèls<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e d'espandiment<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> dins lo païsatge e los « pedopaïsatges », los fan presentar coma particularament important en matèria de resiliéncia ecologica dels sòls e l'ecologia del païsatge mas aquestas son encara mal conegudas. Fan l'objècte d'estudis en mesocosma<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, utilizant de <i>vèrms marcats</i> <sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, o se pièjant (dempuèi pauc) sus d'analisis genetics per exemple<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dispersion2012_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dispersion2012-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, amb d'òbras que permeton comprene melhor los besonhs dels vèrms de tèrra en tèrmes de connectivitat ecologica<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e que confirmèron de facilitacions conspecificas<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e que se unes axes (canals) son fòrça fragmentant per aquestas espècias, los desplaçaments de sòls son tanben venguts de fonts d'<i>espandiment passiu</i>, amb possibilitat qu'unas espècias venon invasivas fòra de lor ecosistèma original<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Categorias_ecologicas_dels_lombricians">Categorias ecologicas dels lombricians</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Modificar la seccion : Categorias ecologicas dels lombricians" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=12" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Categorias ecologicas dels lombricians"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cada espècia a un preferendum marcat per un mitan o de condicions <a href="/w/index.php?title=Edafic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Edafic (la pagina existís pas)">edaficas</a> particularas<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. En França, Marcel Bouché recensèt 140 espècias de lombricians<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Los classiquèt en tres categorias ecologicas, fondadas sus de critèris morfologics (pigmentacion, talha), comportementals (alimentacion, construccion de galariás, mobilitat) e ecologicas (longevitat, temps de generacion, predacion, subrevida a la secada). </p> <ul><li>Los <i>anecics</i> (del grèc <i>anesis</i>, « elasticitat ») son de vèrms pigmentats de granda talha que vivon dins de galariás mai sovent verticalas e permanentas (fins a tres mètres de prigondor) e se noirisson de matèria organica subretot en superfícia (espècia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Saprofag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saprofag (la pagina existís pas)">fitosaprofaga</a>), mai rarament aquesta contenguda dins lo sòl<sup id="cite_ref-terre_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-terre-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Los <i>endogèus</i> son de vèrms non pigmentats, de talha mejana, vivent mai sovent dins los primièrs centimètres de sòl ont construissson un ret de galariás suborizontal. Se noirisson de la matèria organica contenguda dins lo sòl (espècia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geofag&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geofag (la pagina existís pas)">geofaga</a>). Existís tres soscategorias d’endogèus: poliumics, mesoumics e oligoumics, segon lor posicion al sen del perfil donc del tipe e del taus en matèria organica del sòl qu’ingerisson. Mai los vèrms vivon prigondament, mens lo sòl que consoman es ric en matèria organica. Los endogèus qu'ingerisson lo sòl mai paure en matèria organica son d'oligoumics, alara que los poliumics consoman del sòl dels orizonts superficials, rics en matèrias organicas en via de decomposicion.</li> <li>Enfin, los <i>epigèus</i> son de vèrms pigmentats de talha pichona que vivon dins la jaça de superfícia e se noirisson de las matèrias organicas en decomposicion dins aquesta jaça. Escavan pas, quitament se unas espècias intermediàrias pòdon crear de pichonas galariás plan superficialas. Las espècias epigèas, vivent a la superfícia del sòl, son los mai expausats a las escasenças climaticas, a la predacion e a la operacions culturalas (trabalh del sòl, <a href="/wiki/Pesticida" title="Pesticida">pesticida</a>); aquestas espècias son per consequent pro rares en mitan cultivat.</li></ul> <p>Los epigèus, los endogèus e los anecics representan respectivament unes 1, 20 e 80 % de la biomassa lombriciana del sol en mitan temperats. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ròtle_ecologic"><span id="R.C3.B2tle_ecologic"></span>Ròtle ecologic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Modificar la seccion : Ròtle ecologic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=13" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ròtle ecologic"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los vèrms de tèrra espandisson de metals, de bactèris e fòrça autres microorganismes e propaguls o reputats indesirables pel compostatge (coma lo bactèri <i><a href="/wiki/Escherichia_coli" title="Escherichia coli">Escherichia coli</a></i> 0157<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) o l'agricultura (ex : <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fusarium_oxysporum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fusarium oxysporum (la pagina existís pas)">Fusarium oxysporum</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) neutres o utils (coma los <a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">nematodas</a> coma <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Steinernema&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Steinernema (la pagina existís pas)">Steinernema</a></i> spp.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> e espòras de fungis micorizators <sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Per aquò mercé a lor aeracion e trabalh del sòl, interferisson positivament tanben amb l'activitat e la competicion sosterranha de las plantas pels nutriments. Tenon un ròtle ecologic màger en tèrmes d'aeracion e de microdrenatge del sòl. Dins la restauracion de sòls degradats o contaminats, tenon un ròtle important de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esp%C3%A8cia_pioni%C3%A8ra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Espècia pionièra (la pagina existís pas)">pionièras</a><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, amb d'efièchs de bioturbacion que pòdon modificar la cinetica environnementale de certains polluants (Cf. bioaccumulation). </p><p>Pasmens, influençarián pauc la diversitat de las espècias presentas mas influéncian de biais diferent la productivitat d'unes tipes o comunautats de plantas. En pradariá de zona temperada, favorizan netament las <a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">Fabacèas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fabaceae" title="Fabaceae">leguminosas</a>) que ganhan (+ 35 %) en productivitat en lor preséncia<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Activitat_biologica">Activitat biologica</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Modificar la seccion : Activitat biologica" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=14" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Activitat biologica"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Lumbricus_terrestris.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lumbricus_terrestris.JPG/200px-Lumbricus_terrestris.JPG" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lumbricus_terrestris.JPG/300px-Lumbricus_terrestris.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Lumbricus_terrestris.JPG/400px-Lumbricus_terrestris.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a><figcaption><i>Lumbricus terrestris</i>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:PlantLitterEarthwormsPlatanusLeaves.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PlantLitterEarthwormsPlatanusLeaves.jpg/200px-PlantLitterEarthwormsPlatanusLeaves.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PlantLitterEarthwormsPlatanusLeaves.jpg/300px-PlantLitterEarthwormsPlatanusLeaves.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/PlantLitterEarthwormsPlatanusLeaves.jpg/400px-PlantLitterEarthwormsPlatanusLeaves.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2220" data-file-height="1410" /></a><figcaption>Turriculs de vèrm de tèrra.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Megascolecidae_India.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Megascolecidae_India.jpg/220px-Megascolecidae_India.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Megascolecidae_India.jpg/330px-Megascolecidae_India.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Megascolecidae_India.jpg/440px-Megascolecidae_India.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1826" data-file-height="1245" /></a><figcaption>Turriculs de superfícia (Índia).</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:R%C3%B4le_des_vers_de_terre_Darwin_Charles_15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/R%C3%B4le_des_vers_de_terre_Darwin_Charles_15.jpg/220px-R%C3%B4le_des_vers_de_terre_Darwin_Charles_15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="368" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/R%C3%B4le_des_vers_de_terre_Darwin_Charles_15.jpg/330px-R%C3%B4le_des_vers_de_terre_Darwin_Charles_15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/R%C3%B4le_des_vers_de_terre_Darwin_Charles_15.jpg/440px-R%C3%B4le_des_vers_de_terre_Darwin_Charles_15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="692" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption><center>Rôle des vers de terre, Charles Darwin</center></figcaption></figure> <p>Lo filosòf grèc <a href="/wiki/Arist%C3%B2tel" title="Aristòtel">Aristòtel</a> reconeis jà als vèrms de tèrra una activitat biologica essenciala, los nomenava los « intestins de la tèrra ». </p><p><a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> es fòrça interessat al sòl coma supòrt de vida e produch de la vida. Foguèt un dels primièrs a reabilitar lo vèrm de tèrra, alara considerat coma noisible a l'agricultura. Darwin aviá observat que los rèstes arqueologics essent sovent protegits per lor aclapament pro rapid sota la tèrra producha a partir de la vegetacion mòrta e pes organismes del sòl. Contribuiguèt a far conéisser l'importança dels organismes escavaires coma lo vèrm de tèrra pels sòls<sup id="cite_ref-DarwinPrecurseur2001_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DarwinPrecurseur2001-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Dins un obratge publicat lo 10 d'octobre de 1881 e titulat « <span class="italique">The formation of vegetable mould through the action of worms with observations on their habits</span> », « <a href="/wiki/L%27origina_de_las_esp%C3%A8cias" title="L'origina de las espècias">L'Origina des espècias</a> »), tractèt de l'importança del trabalh de bioturbacion dels vèrms de tèrra sus la genèsi, l’erosion e la fertilitat del sòl. Un critica ne fa lo comentari seguent:  « Al vejaire de gaireben totas las gents… lo vèrm de tèrra es simplament un annelid cec, sord, desprovesit de sensacions, desagrablament viscós. M. Darwin entrepren de reabilitar son caractèr, e lo vèrm s’avança subte coma un personatge intelligent e benfasent, que realiza de vasts cambiaments geologics, un nivelaire de monts… un amic de l’Òme… e un aliat de la Societat per la conservacion dels monuments ancians ». La novèla edition en 1945 d'aqueste libre, amb una Introduccion per <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sir_Albert_Howard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sir Albert Howard (la pagina existís pas)">Sir Albert Howard</a> aurà un succès encara mai important, confirmant lo ròtle de Darwin coma davancièr dins l'istòria de la pedologia<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Mostrèt l'importança globala de l'activitat dels vèrms de tèrra dins la fertilitat dels sòls; « L'araire es una de las invencions mai ancianas e mia preciosas de l'Òme, mas longtemps abans qu'existiguèsse, lo sòl èra de fa laurat pels vèrms de tèrra e jamai acabarà de l'èsser encora. Es permés de dobtar qu'i aja fòrça autres animals qu'ajan jogat dins l'istòria de la planeta tant important qu'aquestas creaturas d'una organizacion si inferiora »<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tot coma lo <a href="/wiki/Clima" title="Clima">climat</a>, la natura de la <a href="/w/index.php?title=R%C3%B2ca_maire&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ròca maire (la pagina existís pas)">ròca maire</a> sus que se desvolopa lo quita sòl, e lo tipe de jaça portat al sòl. </p><p>Aquestes animals modifican lo sòl <i>via</i> de procediments fisics, quimics e biologics, aquesteq que se dich a vegada <i>engenhaires de sòl</i><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, tot coma las <a href="/wiki/Isoptera" title="Isoptera">termitas</a>, las <a href="/wiki/Formiga" title="Formiga">formigas</a>, uns bactèris,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Etc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:Etc. (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:Etc.</a> Se pòt nomenar <i>engenhaire del sol</i> tot organisme que per son activitat modifica son abitat dins un sens que li es <i>favorable</i> mas tanben favorable als autres organismes infeudats a aqueste abitat (en l'escasença los <a href="/wiki/Bact%C3%A8ri" title="Bactèri">bactèris</a> o los <a href="/wiki/Fungi" class="mw-redirect" title="Fungi">fungis</a> del sòl,<a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Etc.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:Etc. (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:Etc.</a>). </p><p>Los vèrms de tèrra influéncian l'estructura e la <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fertilitat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fertilitat (la pagina existís pas)">fertilitat</a> del sòl amb lors activitats d’excavacion, d’excrecion de macroagregats, d’ingestion de <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ria_organica" title="Matèria organica">matèria organica</a>, etc. mas tanben per lors rets de galariás qie la forma, talha e prigondor diferís segon la sason, lo mitan e las espècias consideradas. Aquestes vèrms, segon que son anecics, endogèus o epiendogèus agisson surs l'estructuracion dels sòls e lor capacitat d'absorbir l'aiga<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, mercé a lors galariás que sont de camins preferencials favorizant l’infiltracion, l'epuracion e lo cicle de l’aiga. La circulacion dels solutats e dels gases se'n trapa facilitada. De mucus, d’<a href="/wiki/Urina" title="Urina">urina</a> e de <a href="/wiki/Mat%C3%A8ria_fecala" title="Matèria fecala">matèria fecalas</a> son pausadas sus las parets de las galeriás e lor conferisson de proprietats biogeoquimicas particuliaras (enriquiment en <a href="/wiki/Sucre" title="Sucre">sucres</a>, etc). Unas espècias de vèrms de tèrra produson tanben de dejeccions (« turriculs ») que constituisson de macroagregats de sòl de proprietats organomineralas modificadas al respècte del sòl a l'entorn (<a href="/wiki/PH" title="PH">pH</a> neutralizat, mai granda estabilitat dels agregats, etc). </p><p>Agissent sus lor abitat, aquestes animals regulan indirèctament l’activitat, la diversitat e la distribucion espatiala de las comunautats de <a href="/wiki/Micr%C3%B2bi" title="Micròbi">microorganismes</a> del sòl. Aquesta influéncia es capitala que los microorganismes del sòl son responsables, en darrièr recors, </p> <ol><li>de la mineralizacion de la matèria organica en nutriments tornat a la disposicion de las raiças de las plantas tampan lo cicle de la vida (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Cicle_biogeoquimic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cicle biogeoquimic (la pagina existís pas)">cicle biogeoquimic</a>)</li> <li>de la formacion de l'<a href="/wiki/Um%C3%BAs" title="Umús">umús</a> (forma de sequestracion del carbòni dins los sòls).</li></ol> <p>Los vèrms de tèrra n'influéncian pasmens totas del mèsme biais las proprietats del sòl e los procediments que ne ven. En efièch, unes se noirisson exclusivament de la jaça a la superfícia del sòl e i vivon en permanéncia (los epigèus, del grèc <i>epi</i> "sus" e <i>gèa</i> "tèrra"), d'autres se noirissent de la jaça de superfícia que s'entarran dins de galariá mai sovent vertcalas (los anecics, del grèc <i>anesis</i> elasticitat), d'autres enfin se noirisson exclusivament de l'umús del sòl qu'ingerisson sus lor passatge, creant de vasts rets de galarias sens jamas tornar a la superfícia del sòl (los endogèus, du grèc <i>endo</i> a l'interior). </p><p>Aqueste tres tipes ecologics constituisson tant d'estrategias d'expleitacion de fonts seleccionadas pendent l'<a href="/wiki/Evolucion_(biologia)" title="Evolucion (biologia)">evolucion</a> dels vèrms de tèrra. Las limitas entre aquestes tipes semblan pasmens pas pro francas e demora a explicar lors determinismes. Que que siá, aquesta eterogeneïtat de comportament induch de segur d'influéncias distinctas dins lor contribucion a la fertilitat del sòl. Dins l'ideal, los epigèus, los endogèus e los anecics agirián ensems dins la formacion e lo manten de la fertilitat dels sòls. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Carabus_auratus_with_prey.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Carabus_auratus_with_prey.jpg/200px-Carabus_auratus_with_prey.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Carabus_auratus_with_prey.jpg/300px-Carabus_auratus_with_prey.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Carabus_auratus_with_prey.jpg/400px-Carabus_auratus_with_prey.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1372" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Quitament se vivon subretot dins lo sòl, lo lombric a de predators coma d'aucèls, la <a href="/wiki/Talpa" title="Talpa">talpa</a>, lo <a href="/wiki/Singlar" title="Singlar">singlar</a> o encara d'insèctes coma l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Escarabat_daurat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Escarabat daurat (la pagina existís pas)">escarabat daurat</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>La presa de consciéncia recenta de l’impacte creissent de las activitats umanas suls sistèmas ecologics es a l’origina de fòrça òbrras estudiant la relacion entre la diversitat del vivent e lo foncionament global d'aquestes sistèmas (veire <a href="/wiki/Ecologia" title="Ecologia">ecologia</a>). Pels sòls agricòls, unas practicas culturalas coma la laurada, l’utilizacion de produchs fitosanitaris (veire <a href="/wiki/Engrais" title="Engrais">engrais</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pesticida" title="Pesticida">pesticidas</a>), etc an consequéncia una diminucion de la diversitat dels vèrms de tèrra e poirián induire una alteracion del foncionament dels sòls dels agroecosistèmas. Dins la perspectiva de la conservacion e de la reabilitacion dels sòls, l’identificacion d’espècias jogant un ròtle màger (« espècias claus ») dins lo sòl apareis coma un tèma de recerca incontornabla en ecologia del sòl. </p><p>Contribuisson positivament a la bioturbacion queenriquís l'umús<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, mas que - dins los <a href="/wiki/Pollucion_del_s%C3%B2l" title="Pollucion del sòl">sòls polluits</a> - contribuís al transferiment vertical e orizontal d'unes polluents<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p><p>Malgrat fòrça òbras de recerca sus l’ecologia dels vèrms de tèrra e sus lors comportaments, d'informacions quantitativas sus d'aspèctes claus coma la formacion de las galariás e las activitats associadas, o lo biais que s'orientan dins lo sòl<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> mancan encara. Es mai sovement supausat que lo ròtle foncional de las diferentas espècias lombricianas pòt èsser induch a partir de las caracteristicas dels tipes ecologics que son ligadas (anecic, epigèu, endogèu). Pasmens, aquesta ipotèsi foguèt fòrça pauc testada experimentalament. Las recercas sus las activitats dels vèrms de tèrra son dificils a menar del fach de la natura opaca del sòl ont vivon. Pasmens, d'avançadas metodologicas recentas utilizant de tecnicas coma la tomografia amb <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rais_X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rais X (la pagina existís pas)">rais X</a>, lo radiomarcatge dels individús e la modelizacion de las activitats constituisson de novèlas tecnicas poderosas per conprene los vèrms de tèrra e los rets de galariás qu'escavan sotas la superfícia del sòl. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Menaças_pesant_suls_vèrms_de_tèrra"><span id="Mena.C3.A7as_pesant_suls_v.C3.A8rms_de_t.C3.A8rra"></span>Menaças pesant suls vèrms de tèrra</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Modificar la seccion : Menaças pesant suls vèrms de tèrra" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=15" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Menaças pesant suls vèrms de tèrra"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichi%C3%A8r:Planaria_Geoplanidae,_3_cm_(02).JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Planaria_Geoplanidae%2C_3_cm_%2802%29.JPG/220px-Planaria_Geoplanidae%2C_3_cm_%2802%29.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Planaria_Geoplanidae%2C_3_cm_%2802%29.JPG/330px-Planaria_Geoplanidae%2C_3_cm_%2802%29.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Planaria_Geoplanidae%2C_3_cm_%2802%29.JPG/440px-Planaria_Geoplanidae%2C_3_cm_%2802%29.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Vèrm plan (<a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes">Platelmint</a> Geoplanidae) invasiu non identificat, trobat en França (París) en 2013, predator de vèrms de tèrra.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>Èran autrescòps, a tort de segur, segon las donadas ara disponiblas, consideradas coma noisibles per l'agricultura.</li> <li>Lo nombre de vèrms de tèrra par m³ de sòl merma fòrça dins las zonas d'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultura_intensiva&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agricultura intensiva (la pagina existís pas)">agricultura intensiva</a> amb lo trabalh de sòl e l'abséncia de cobertura vegetala en decomposicion al sòl.<br />Es aparat melhor per l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Agricultura_biologica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agricultura biologica (la pagina existís pas)">agricultura biologica</a> que se'n fa un aliat, e a vegada encara mai present dins l'agricultura en <i>semenada dirècta</i> (sens trabalh del sòl), e encara mai present dinss <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pradari%C3%A1,_savana,_garriga_temperats&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pradariá, savana, garriga temperats (la pagina existís pas)">pradariás, savanas e garrigas temperadas</a>. Mas quitament en agricultura biologica l'utilisacion de tractaments contenents du coivre a un efièch negatiu suls lombrics.</li> <li>De <a href="/wiki/Pesticida" title="Pesticida">pesticidas</a> son concebut per especialament tuar los lombrics (per exemple pels terrens de gòlf, fotbal, rugbi, oquèi sus palenc, etc); son los <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lombricida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lombricida (la pagina existís pas)">lombricidas</a>.</li> <li>La <a href="/wiki/Barr%C3%A8ra_ecologica" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrèra ecologica">fragmentacion dels ecosistèmas</a>, per de rets modèrnes de carrièras e canals, e tanben en region d'agricultura intensiva pels pesticidas es tanben una font de preoccupacion. Los lombriducs poirián contribuir localament a melhorar los escambis a l'avenir.</li> <li>Las vèrms de tèrra d'Euròpa començan tanben à èsser menaçats per d'espècias de grands vèrms plans (<a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Esp%C3%A8cia_invasiva" title="Espècia invasiva">invasius o susceptible de lo venir</a>) importadas accidentalament de <a href="/wiki/N%C3%B2va_Zelanda" class="mw-redirect" title="Nòva Zelanda">Nòva Zalanda</a>, d'Austràlia e d'Asia del Sud-Èst. Una de las espècias d'origina neozelandesa es <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Arthurdendyus_triangulatus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arthurdendyus triangulatus (la pagina existís pas)">Arthurdendyus triangulatus</a></i>, predator gaireben exclusiu de vèrms de tèrra<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, mas fins alara non repertoriats en França. Unas espècias (non identificadas fins ara), probablament de la familha dels <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geoplanidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geoplanidae (la pagina existís pas)">Geoplanidae</a> foguèron observadas en França, dins tres departements (<a href="/wiki/Finist%C3%A8rra" title="Finistèrra">Finistèrra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aups_Maritims" title="Aups Maritims">Aups Maritims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corsega" title="Corsega">Corsega</a>).<br /></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ecotoxicologia,_bioindicacion"><span id="Ecotoxicologia.2C_bioindicacion"></span>Ecotoxicologia, bioindicacion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Modificar la seccion : Ecotoxicologia, bioindicacion" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=16" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ecotoxicologia, bioindicacion"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Los vèrms de èrra son considerats coma d'espècias engenhairas e de bons biointegrators d'un cèrt nombre de polluents o contaminants (qu'accumulan en partida après los aver ingerits). Se los considèra tanben dins una escasenças coma bioindicators (dins los sòls ont son naturalament presents o deurián l'èsser). De linhas directriças foguèron emesas per l'<a href="/wiki/Organizacion_de_cooperacion_e_de_desvolopament_economics" title="Organizacion de cooperacion e de desvolopament economics">OCDE</a> pels enasags de produchs quimics « <i>Vèrm de Tèrra, Ensag de Toxicitat Aguda</i> » permeton d'emetre la CL<sub>50</sub> dels produchs testats. Dempuèi las annadas 1980, un trabalh d'estudi e de normalizacion dels protocòls de tèsts ecotoxicologics es en cors, amb partetja d'informacion pendent de talhièrs internacionals d'ecotoxicologia del vèrm de tèrra<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> per aclarir los sabers e saber-far dins la matèria e identificar las prioritats futuras. Los protocòls d'ensag (en laboratòri, sul terren) an estat melhorats e diversificats, çò que permèt d'espandre las utilizacions retengudas per l'OCDE (1984). Mai, se compren sempre mai de factors que modifican los efièchs dels produchs quimics dins los ecosistèmas e donc sus l'exposicion reala dels vèrms de tèrra, e tanben sus la mecanica de la toxicòsi e dels fenomèns de detoxicacion pels vèrms de tèrra e d'autres invertebrats. Los progrès foguèron mai lents per l'establiment de basas de donnadas complètas e partejadas (encara indisponibles al començament de las <span class="nowrap">annadas 2000</span>)<sup id="cite_ref-Spurgeon2002_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Spurgeon2002-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Radioecologia<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span></span>: Un cas particular es dins las zonas concernidas per de pollucions o recasudas radioactivas, aqueste de la bioconcentracion de radionucleids pels vèrms de tèrra que pòdon enseguida lo tornar en superfícia (bioturbacion<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) o contaminar d'animals qu'agradan los vèrms tcoma per exemple la <a href="/wiki/Becada" title="Becada">becada</a> o lo <a href="/wiki/Singlar" title="Singlar">singlar</a><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Consequéncias_economicas"><span id="Consequ.C3.A9ncias_economicas"></span>Consequéncias economicas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Modificar la seccion : Consequéncias economicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=17" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Consequéncias economicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>En tèrmes de <a href="/w/index.php?title=Servici_ecosistemic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Servici ecosistemic (la pagina existís pas)">servicis ecosistemics</a>, l'estudi <i>Costs e beneficis de la biodiversitat en Irlanda</i><sup id="cite_ref-Libe2009_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Libe2009-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, los vèrms de tèrra fan ganhar 700 milions d'èuros cada annada a l'<a href="/wiki/Republica_d%27Irlanda" title="Republica d'Irlanda">Irlanda</a> per lor trabalh d'enterrament dels fems de set milions de bovids. Tanben participan a la laurada, l'utilitat economica dels vèrms poiriá mèsme passar lo miliard d'èuros. </p><p>Apondre de vèrms de tèrra dins lo sòl d'una cultura de <a href="/wiki/S%C3%B2ja" title="Sòja">sòja</a> o de <a href="/wiki/Milh" title="Milh">milh</a> en aumenta la produccion<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Usatge_economic">Usatge economic</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Modificar la seccion : Usatge economic" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=18" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Usatge economic"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segon <a href="/wiki/Charles_Darwin" title="Charles Darwin">Charles Darwin</a> que qualifica los vèrms de tèrra de « primièrs lauraires del sòl », unes lombrics èran utilizats dins l'alimentacion en Índia o per la preparacion de <a href="/wiki/Medicament" title="Medicament">medicaments</a>. </p><p>Unas espècias de lombrics son elevats (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vermicultura&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vermicultura (la pagina existís pas)">vermicultura</a>) e vendudas per la produccion de <a href="/wiki/Compostatge" title="Compostatge">compòst</a>, o per la <a href="/wiki/Pesca" title="Pesca">pesca</a>. Los vèrms de ferms son utilizats per produire de vermicompòst. Lor usatge es possible en apartament, qu'aquestes vèrms devòran gaireben sul còp totas las fraccions de degalhs en via de decomposicion. Los bactèris de la decomposicion aerobia (aquestas del compòst) secretan d'enzymes que depolimerizan (idrolizan) las proteïnas e polisacarids de las plantas e dels rèstes d'animals, servisson de noiritura als vèrms que los devòran e transforman aquestes aliments ramolits dins una massa negra inodora qu'es un concentrat de carbòni e d'azòt per amendar lo sòl del <a href="/wiki/Jardin" title="Jardin">jardin</a> o dels pòts. </p><p>De vèrms son tanben testats per epurar los fems agricòls, e las aigas solhadas al Chile e dempuèi <a href="/wiki/2004" title="2004">2004</a> dins le vilatge de <a href="/wiki/Combalh%C3%B2us" title="Combalhòus">Combalhòus</a><span></span>: una de las cubas de l'estacion d’epuracion ee una jaça bacteriana e l'autre es un lombrifiltre compausat d'un tapís de rusca de pin pausada sus una sisa de riban de fusta e de gravas (ont se desvelopa <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eisenia_andrei&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eisenia andrei (la pagina existís pas)">Eisenia andrei</a></i> amb 25000 vèrms/m² ) ; periodicament asagat d'aiga solhada. Las galariás dels vèrms servisson d'abitats als bactèris que contribuisson a apurar l'aiga<sup id="cite_ref-CNRS_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CNRS-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. Aquesta forma d'apuracion implica pasmens una aiga neta de produchs toxics pels vèrms (metals pesucs, fòrta carga en cèrts pesticidas o biocidas...). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Los_principals_especialistas">Los principals especialistas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Modificar la seccion : Los principals especialistas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=19" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Los principals especialistas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table style="border: 1px solid #; background-color: #" class="" width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td width="32%" valign="top"> <ul><li>Clive A Edwards</li> <li>Daniel Cluzeau</li> <li>Rob Blakemore</li> <li>Marcel Bouché</li> <li>Luigi Cognetti de Martiis</li> <li>Csaba Csuzdi</li> <li>Samuel James</li> <li>Barrie G.M. Jamieson</li></ul> </td> <td width="30%" valign="top"> <ul><li>Patrick Lavelle</li> <li>Wilhelm Michaelsen</li> <li>Narcis MRSIC<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Pietro Omodeo</li> <li>Guénola Perez</li> <li>Gilberto Righi</li></ul> </td> <td width="30%" valign="top"> <ul><li>Gordon E. Gates</li> <li>John W. Reynolds<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Daniele Rosa</li> <li>Reginald Sims</li> <li>John Stephenson</li> <li>András Zicsi</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lista_de_las_familhas">Lista de las familhas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Modificar la seccion : Lista de las familhas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=20" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Lista de las familhas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Segon NCBI<a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information (la pagina existís pas)">NCBI</a> <small>(4 avr. 2011)</small><sup id="cite_ref-NCBI4_avr._2011_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NCBI4_avr._2011-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><span></span>: </p> <ul><li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acanthodrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acanthodrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Acanthodrilidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aeolosomatidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aeolosomatidae (la pagina existís pas)">Aeolosomatidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Almidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Almidae (la pagina existís pas)">Almidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Eudrilidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossoscolecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossoscolecidae (la pagina existís pas)">Glossoscolecidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hormogastridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hormogastridae (la pagina existís pas)">Hormogastridae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricidae (la pagina existís pas)">Lumbricidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megascolecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megascolecidae (la pagina existís pas)">Megascolecidae</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unclassified_Megascolecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unclassified Megascolecidae (la pagina existís pas)">unclassified Megascolecidae</a></li></ul></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Microchaetidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microchaetidae (la pagina existís pas)">Microchaetidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ocnerodrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ocnerodrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Ocnerodrilidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Octochaetidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Octochaetidae (la pagina existís pas)">Octochaetidae</a></li></ul> <p>Segon World Register of Marine Species<a href="/w/index.php?title=World_Register_of_Marine_Species&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="World Register of Marine Species (la pagina existís pas)">World Register of Marine Species</a> <small>(4 avr. 2011)</small><sup id="cite_ref-WRMS4_avr._2011_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WRMS4_avr._2011-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricidae (la pagina existís pas)">Lumbricidae</a></li></ul> <p>Segon <a href="/w/index.php?title=Syst%C3%A8me_d%27information_taxonomique_int%C3%A9gr%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Système d'information taxonomique intégré (la pagina existís pas)">ITIS</a> <small>(4 avr. 2011)</small><sup id="cite_ref-ITIS4_avr._2011_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ITIS4_avr._2011-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> : </p> <ul><li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alluroididae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alluroididae (la pagina existís pas)">Alluroididae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eudrilidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eudrilidae (la pagina existís pas)">Eudrilidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Glossoscolecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glossoscolecidae (la pagina existís pas)">Glossoscolecidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbricidae (la pagina existís pas)">Lumbricidae</a></li> <li>familha de las <a href="/w/index.php?title=Megascolecidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Megascolecidae (la pagina existís pas)">Megascolecidae</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nòtas_e_referéncias"><span id="N.C3.B2tas_e_refer.C3.A9ncias"></span>Nòtas e referéncias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Modificar la seccion : Nòtas e referéncias" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=21" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Nòtas e referéncias"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blanchart, E., A. Albrecht, <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (e d’autres)">et al.</abbr></i> (1999). <i>Effects of earthworms on soil structure and physical properties. Earthworms Management in Tropical Agro-Ecosystems</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:Lire_en_ligne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:Lire en ligne (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:Lire en ligne</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="2001"><span class="indicador-lenga">(<abbr class="abbr" title="Lenga : anglés">en</abbr>)</span> K.Y. Chan, <span lang="en">« <cite style="font-style:normal;">An overview of some tillage impacts on earthworm population abundance and diversity — implications for functioning in soils</cite> »</span>, <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Soil and Tillage Research</span></i>, <abbr class="abbr" title="volum">vol.</abbr> 57, <abbr class="abbr" title="numèro">n<sup>o</sup></abbr> 4,‎ janvier 2001, <abbr class="abbr" title="pagina(s)">p.</abbr> 179-191 <small style="line-height:1em;">(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Digital_Object_Identifier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Digital Object Identifier (la pagina existís pas)">DOI</a> <span class="plainlinks noarchive nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2FS0167-1987%2800%2900173-2">10.1016/S0167-1987(00)00173-2</a></span>)</small><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=An+overview+of+some+tillage+impacts+on+earthworm+population+abundance+and+diversity+%E2%80%94+implications+for+functioning+in+soils&rft.jtitle=Soil+and+Tillage+Research&rft.eissida=4&rft.date=2001&rft.volume=57&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2FS0167-1987%2800%2900173-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Foc.wikipedia.org%3ALumbricina" id="COinS_36533"></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pedofaune-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-pedofaune_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pedofauma o fauna del sòl]</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150422123302/http://verdeterre.fr/zoologie/87-zoologie/classification/14-classification">Classificacion</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Patrick Lavelle, « <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.franceculture.fr/emission-continent-sciences-les-vers-de-terre-acteurs-majeurs-de-la-vie-2012-10-22">Les vers de terre, acteurs majeurs de la vie</a> » émission <i>Continent sciences</i> sur <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/France_Culture">France Culture</a>, 22 octobre 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130207000141/http://www.inra.fr/la_science_et_vous/apprendre_experimenter/questions_d_actu/2009/histoire_de_vers_de_terre">L'incroyable histoire des vers de terre</a>, <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut_national_de_la_recherche_agronomique">INRA</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Terhivuo, J., Saura, A., 1993a ; <i>Clonal and morphological variation inmarginal populations of Parthenogenetic Earthworms Octolasion tyrtaeum and O. cyaneum (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae) from Eastern Fennoscan</i> - dia. B.Zool.60,87–96.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Terhivuo, J., Saura, A., 1996. <i>Clone pool structure and morphometric variation in endogeic and epigeic north- European parthenogenetic earthworms (Oligochaeta: Lumbricidae)</i>. Pedobiologia 40,226–239.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/dosbiodiv/index.php?pid=decouv_chapC_p5&zoom_id=zoom_c1_8">Le ver de terre, star du sol</a>, fiche du CNRS.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dupont2011-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dupont2011_12-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Torres-Leguizamon M, Mathieu J, Livet A, Dupont L (2012). <i>Isolation of polymorphic microsatellite markers in Aporrectodea icterica (Savigny 1826)</i>. Soil Biol. Biochem. 51: 16-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Quénéa, K., Caro, G., Alexis, M., Mathieu J., ISMOM, <i>Dynamic of soil structuration by earthworms - Influence of earthworms on soil organic matter composition and bacterial communities</i>, Soil Interfaces in a Changing World, Montpellier, France, 2011</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Richard B., Legras M., Mathieu J., Decaëns T., <i>Spatial distribution of earthworm species assemblages in pasture of northwestern France.</i> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:9th&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:9th (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:9th</a> International Symposium on Earthworm Ecology, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Edwards, C.A., 2004.The importance of earth wors as key representatives of the soil fauna. In : Edwards, C.A. (Ed.), Earthworm Ecology. CRCP ress, Boca Raton, FL, <abbr class="abbr" title="pagina(s)">p.</abbr> 3–11</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-19">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Marinissen, J.C.Y., Vandenbosch, F., 1992. <i>Colonization of new habitats by earthworms</i>. Oecologia 91, 371e376</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-20">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Tiunov, A.V., Hale, C.M., Holdsworth, A.R., Vsevolodova-Perel, T.S., 2006. <i>Invasion patterns of Lumbricidae into previously earthworm-free areas of northeastern Europe and the western great lakes region of North America</i>. Biological Invasions 8, 1223e1234</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-21">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathieu J., Barot S., Blouin M, Caro G., Decaëns T., Dubs F., Dupont L., Jouquet P., Nai P., <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072430/http://www.jerome-mathieu.com/pdf/publis/mathieu_10_sbb.pdf">Habitat quality, conspecific density, and habitat pre-use affect the dispersal behaviour of two earthworm species, <i>Aporrectodea icterica</i> and <i>Dendrobaena veneta</i>, in a mesocosm experiment</a>, <i>Soil Biology and Biochemistry</i>, 2010. 42: 203-209 pdf</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-22">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mazaud, D., Bouchée, M.B., 1980. <i>Introduction en surpopulations et migrations de lombriciens marquées.</i> In: Proc. VII International Colloquium of Soil Zoology. EPA, Washington, pp. 687e701</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-23">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathieu J., Dupont D., Decaëns T., Barot S., Blouin S., Dubs F., Loeuille N., Margerie P., Projet Edisp : <i>combiner génétique des populations, écologie et modélisation pour inférer les modalités de dispersion des vers de terre</i> ; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:XXXe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:XXXe (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:XXXe</a> Colloque Petit Pois Déridé, Rennes, August 2008</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dispersion2012-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Dispersion2012_24-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">UPMC Biologie, <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150522075231/http://www.biologie.upmc.fr/contributor/resources/download/ufr927/Recherche/seminaires/documents/programme_ANR_Edisp_14-15_juin-2012.pdf">Programme du Séminaire de clôture du Projet ANR Jeune Chercheur "Edisp" ; Capacité de dispersion des vers de terre</a></i>, 14 & 15 juin 2012 ; avec <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agence_nationale_de_la_recherche">ANR</a>, campus de Jussieu</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-25">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathieu J., <i>Some basic aspects of conditional dependent dispersal of earthworms, Organisms on the move: On the ecology and evolution of dispersal</i> ; <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:4th&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:4th (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:4th</a> meeting of the International Dispersal workgroup, Ghent, September 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-26">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Mathieu J., Edisp project: <i>Earthworm's dispersal capacities</i>, Journées Scientifiques de Bioemco, May 2009, AgroparisTech, Grignon</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-27">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Caro, G., Abourachid, A., Rouland-Lefbvre C., Decaëns T., Mathieu J., <i>Evidences of conspecific facilitation of earthworms’ dispersal</i> ; SERL, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:7th&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:7th (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:7th</a> Ecology & Behaviour Meeting, Rennes, France, May 2001</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-28">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cameron E.K., Bayne E.M., Clapperton M.J., 2007, Human-facilitated nvasion of exotic earthworms into northern boreal forests. <i>Ecoscience</i> 14,482–490</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-29">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Cameron E.K., Bayne E.M., Coltman D.W., 2008, Genetic structure of invasivee arthworms Dendrobaena octaedra in the boreal forest of Alberta : insights into introduction mechanisms. <i>Mol.Ecol</i>.17, 1189–1197</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-30">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-31">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation book" style="font-style:normal" id="CITEREF"> {{{títol}}}.</span><span style="display: none;"> </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-terre-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-terre_32-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130213114104/http://www.terrenature.ch/jardin/16062011-1214-le-lombric-sort-de-lombre">Le lombric sort de l’ombre</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-33">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Williams A.P., Roberts P., Avery L.M., Killham K., Jones D.L., 2006, Earthworms as vectors of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 in soil and vermicomposts. <i>FEMS Microbiology Ecology</i> 58, 54e64</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-34">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Toyota K., Kimura M., 1994. <i>Earthworms disseminate a soil-borne plant pathogen, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. raphani</i>. Biology and Fertility of Soils 18, 32e36.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-35">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-36">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">P. Reddell et A.V. Spain, 1991, Earthworms as vectors of viable propagules of mycorrhizal fungi. <i>Soil Biology & Biochemistry</i>, 23, 767e774</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-37">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-38">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-39">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eisenhauer N., Milcu A., Nitschke N., Sabais A. C.W., Scherber C., Scheu S., 2009, Earthworm and belowground competition effects on plant productivity in aplant diversity gradient .<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.is/20130630091525/http://www.springerlink.com/content/1432-1939/">Oecologia</a> 161(2) : 291- 301 (11 p., 2 fig., 4 tab., 47 réf.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DarwinPrecurseur2001-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-DarwinPrecurseur2001_40-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-41">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Boulaine J., 1989 - Histoire des pédologues et de la science des sols. Inra Éditions, Paris, 285 <abbr class="abbr" title="pages">p.</abbr><span class="nowrap">285 <abbr class="abbr" title="paginas">p.</abbr></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-42">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">- Charles Darwin - 1881</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-43">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones <i><abbr class="abbr" title="et alii (e d’autres)">et al.</abbr></i> (1994).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-44">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-45">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span>Bernier N (1998) <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Earthworm feeding activity and development of the humus profile</span></i>. <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Biology & Fertility of Soils</span> 26, 215-223</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-46">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Source : Plomb et lombrics boues <i>Impacts des activités lombriciennes sur la disponibilité des métaux issus de boues de step</i>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mod%C3%A8l:4e&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Modèl:4e (la pagina existís pas)">Modèl:4e</a> d’Écologie Fonctionnelle Gourdon 5-8 mars 2002, F. Ablain, C. Sahut, D. Cluzeau (Présenté par : Ablain - Session : Écotoxicologie).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-47">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span>Westernarcher, E., Graff, O., 1987. <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">Orientation behaviour of earthworms (Lumbricidae) towards different crops</span></i>. <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Biology and Fertility of Soils</span> 3, 131e133.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-48">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Jones, H. D. 2005: <span class="lang-en" lang="en">Identification: British land flatworms</span>. <span class="lang-en" lang="en">British Wildlife</span>, 16, 189-194. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131014174537/http://each.uspnet.usp.br/planarias/Artigos/Metodos/5-2005%20-%20jones%20-%20british%20land%20flatworms.pdf">Texte intégral<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2394085">.mw-parser-output span.PDFlink a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif/15px-Icons-mini-file_acrobat.gif")center right no-repeat!important;padding-right:17px!important}</style><span class="PDFlink"><span class="noarchive"></span></span> <small></small></a><small><a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a> </small>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-49">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sheffield en 1991, Amsterdam en 1997 et Aarhus, en 2001.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Spurgeon2002-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Spurgeon2002_50-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Spurgeon DJ, Weeks JM, van Gestel CAM (2003). <i><span class="lang-en" lang="en">A summary of eleven years progress in earthworm ecotoxicology</span></i>. 47: 588-606 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0031405604702437">Résumé</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-51">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Barescut, J. C., Gariel, J. C., Péres, J. M., Yoshida, S., Muramatsu, Y., & Peijnenburg, W. J. G. M. (2005). Multi-element analyses of earthworms for radioecology and ecotoxicology. Radioprotection, 40(S1), S491-S495 |<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/radioprotection/article/div-classtitlemulti-element-analyses-of-earthworms-for-radioecology-and-ecotoxicologydiv/29FE72AD6C29D043D368F670AB0A9EE7">résumé</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-52">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bunzl, K. (2002). Transport of fallout radiocesium in the soil by bioturbation: a random walk model and application to a forest soil with a high abundance of earthworms. Science of the Total environment, 293(1), 191-200|<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0048969702000141">résumé</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-53">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Rudge, S. A., Johnson, M. S., Leah, R. T., & Jones, S. R. (1993). <i>Biological transport of radiocaesium in a semi-natural grassland ecosystem. 1. Soils, vegetation and invertebrates</i>. Journal of environmental radioactivity, 19(3), 173-198 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0265931X9390002O">résumé</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-54">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Hasegawa, M., Ito, M. T., Kaneko, S., Kiyono, Y., Ikeda, S., & Makino, S. I. (2013). Radiocesium concentrations in epigeic earthworms at various distances from the Fukushima Nuclear Power Plant 6 months after the 2011 accident. Journal of environmental radioactivity, 126, 8-13<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0265931X13001446">résumé</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-55">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Janssen, M. P. M., Glastra, P., & Lembrechts, J. F. M. M. (1996). Uptake of 134Cs from a sandy soil by two earthworm species: The effects of temperature. Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology, 31(2), 184-191.(<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.springerlink.com/index/W51271K46NJGP842.pdf">résumé</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-56">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Janssen, M. P., Glastra, P., & Lembrechts, J. F. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171201035658/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/aac4/49d67dcae0270eee662912bba2290f2659fd.pdf">Uptake of cesium‐134 by the earthworm species Eisenia foetida and Lumbricus rubellus</a>. Environmental toxicology and chemistry, 15(6), 873-877.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-57">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, S. L., & Bell, J. N. B. (1995). Earthworms and radionuclides, with experimental investigations on the uptake and exchangeability of radiocaesium. Environmental pollution, 88(1), 27-39 (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/026974919591045M">résumé</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Libe2009-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Libe2009_58-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">citée en mai 2009 par le gouvernement irlandais, repris par le journal <i>Libération</i> du 15 mai 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-59">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite style="font-style:normal" class="ouvrage" id="CITEREF"> </cite></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CNRS-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-CNRS_60-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">CNRS <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cnrs.fr/cw/dossiers/dosbiodiv/index.php?pid=decouv_chapC_p5_c1&savoir_id=savoir_c1_z8_2">Des vers de terre pour nettoyer l'eau</a></i>, et <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recyclaqua.agropolis.fr/dossier_presse/lom01.html">Fiche <i>Épuration des eaux usées : le lombrifiltre, procédé expérimenté avec succès dans un village de l'Hérault </i></a> par Agropolis</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-61">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071208213913/http://www.mnhn.fr/assoc/myriapoda/MRSIC.HTM">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-62">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140708001544/http://www.inhs.uiuc.edu/~mjwetzel/Megadrilogica.home.html">[2]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NCBI4_avr._2011-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-NCBI4_avr._2011_63-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#NCBI">NCBI, consultat lo 4 avr. 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-WRMS4_avr._2011-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WRMS4_avr._2011_64-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#WRMS">World Register of Marine Species, consultat lo 4 avr. 2011</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ITIS4_avr._2011-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-ITIS4_avr._2011_65-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#ITIS">ITIS, consultat lo 4 avr. 2011</a></span> </li> </ol> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vejatz_tanben">Vejatz tanben</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Modificar la seccion : Vejatz tanben" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=22" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Vejatz tanben"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Articles_connèxes"><span id="Articles_conn.C3.A8xes"></span>Articles connèxes</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Modificar la seccion : Articles connèxes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=23" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Articles connèxes"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Modificar la seccion : Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=24" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Bibliografia"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Referéncias_taxinomicas"><span id="Refer.C3.A9ncias_taxinomicas"></span>Referéncias taxinomicas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=25" title="Modificar la seccion : Referéncias taxinomicas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=25" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Referéncias taxinomicas"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Référence Fauna Europaea : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304034246/http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=11870"><i>Lumbricina</i></a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr><span class="obratge" id="Faunaeur">Referéncia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fauna_Europaea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fauna Europaea (la pagina existís pas)">Fauna Europaea</a> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.faunaeur.org/full_results.php?id=11870"><i>Lumbricina</i></a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span></span></li> <li>Référence <a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cbif.gc.ca/acp/fra/siti/regarder?tsn=69069"><i>Lumbricina</i></a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : français">(fr)</abbr> (<span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><small>+ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=69069">version anglaise</a></small></span> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr>)</li> <li>Référence World Register of Marine Species : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=14164"><small>taxon</small> <i>Lumbricina</i> </a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> (<small><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxlist&rComp==&tRank=220&vOnly=yes&marine=no&pid=14164">+ liste espèces</a></small>)</li> <li><span class="obratge" id="ADW">Referéncia <a href="/w/index.php?title=Animal_Diversity_Web&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Animal Diversity Web (la pagina existís pas)">Animal Diversity Web</a> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animaldiversity.org/accounts/Lumbricina/"><i>Lumbricina</i></a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span></span></li> <li>Référence NCBI : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=6391"><i>Lumbricina</i></a> <abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr><span class="obratge" id="NCBI">Referéncia <a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information (la pagina existís pas)">NCBI</a> : <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?lin=s&p=has_linkout&id=6391"><i>Lumbricina</i></a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:var(--color-subtle, #54595d);" title="En anglés">(<abbr title="">en</abbr>)</span></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligam_extèrne"><span id="Ligam_ext.C3.A8rne"></span>Ligam extèrne</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&veaction=edit&section=26" title="Modificar la seccion : Ligam extèrne" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbricina&action=edit&section=26" title="Edita el codi de la secció: Ligam extèrne"><span>Modificar lo còdi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210123104744/https://ecobiosoil.univ-rennes1.fr/e107_files/downloads/OPVT_Determiner_les_Vers_de_Terre.pdf">Déterminer les vers de terre</a> (pdf), site de l'<a href="/wiki/Universitat_de_Rennes_I" title="Universitat de Rennes I">université de Rennes-I</a>.</li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐api‐int.codfw.main‐65c957f8cf‐s495x Cached time: 20241209125316 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.295 seconds Real time usage: 0.458 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 4164/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 19840/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 3608/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 19/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 1/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 34972/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.041/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 2575125/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 0/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 246.663 1 -total 49.16% 121.266 1 Modèl:Reflist 15.97% 39.390 1 Modèl:Taxobox_debuta 15.79% 38.937 1 Modèl:Article 15.09% 37.230 5 Modèl:Taxobox 14.33% 35.336 5 Modèl:Infobox_V3/Tablèu_Linha_mixta 11.41% 28.155 1 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