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Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1._Father,_forgive_them;_for_they_know_not_what_they_do-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2._To_day_shalt_thou_be_with_me_in_paradise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2._To_day_shalt_thou_be_with_me_in_paradise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>2. To day shalt thou be with me in paradise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2._To_day_shalt_thou_be_with_me_in_paradise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3._Woman,_behold,_thy_son!_Behold,_thy_mother!" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3._Woman,_behold,_thy_son!_Behold,_thy_mother!"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>3. Woman, behold, thy son! Behold, thy mother!</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3._Woman,_behold,_thy_son!_Behold,_thy_mother!-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-4._My_God,_my_God,_why_hast_thou_forsaken_me?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#4._My_God,_my_God,_why_hast_thou_forsaken_me?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>4. My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-4._My_God,_my_God,_why_hast_thou_forsaken_me?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-5._I_thirst" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#5._I_thirst"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>5. I thirst</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-5._I_thirst-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-6._It_is_finished" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#6._It_is_finished"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>6. It is finished</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-6._It_is_finished-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-7._Father,_into_thy_hands_I_commend_my_spirit" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#7._Father,_into_thy_hands_I_commend_my_spirit"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>7. Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-7._Father,_into_thy_hands_I_commend_my_spirit-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sayings of Jesus on the cross</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A7_%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%95%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9A%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC" title="ক্রুশবিদ্ধ যিশুর উক্তিসমুচ্চয় – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ক্রুশবিদ্ধ যিশুর উক্তিসমুচ্চয়" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B_%D0%86%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D0%B6%D1%8B" title="Словы Ісуса на крыжы – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Словы Ісуса на крыжы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%98%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Думи на Исус на кръста – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Думи на Исус на кръста" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Set_Paraules" title="Set Paraules – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Set Paraules" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Je%C5%BE%C3%AD%C5%A1ovy_v%C3%BDroky_na_k%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BEi" title="Ježíšovy výroky na kříži – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Ježíšovy výroky na kříži" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesu_syv_ord_p%C3%A5_korset" title="Jesu syv ord på korset – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jesu syv ord på korset" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sieben_letzte_Worte" title="Sieben letzte Worte – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Sieben letzte Worte" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las_Siete_Palabras" title="Las Siete Palabras – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Las Siete Palabras" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sep_Lastaj_Eldiroj" title="Sep Lastaj Eldiroj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Sep Lastaj Eldiroj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%81%D8%AA_%D8%B3%D8%AE%D9%86_%D8%A2%D8%AE%D8%B1_%D8%B9%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هفت سخن آخر عیسی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هفت سخن آخر عیسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sept_paroles_de_J%C3%A9sus_en_croix" title="Sept paroles de Jésus en croix – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Sept paroles de Jésus en croix" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A2n_l%C3%AAste_wurden_fan_Jezus" title="Sân lêste wurden fan Jezus – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Sân lêste wurden fan Jezus" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sete_Palabras" title="Sete Palabras – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Sete Palabras" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%AD%EC%9E%90%EA%B0%80_%EC%9C%84_%EC%98%88%EC%88%98%EC%9D%98_%EB%A7%90" title="십자가 위 예수의 말 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="십자가 위 예수의 말" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isus_na_kri%C5%BEu" title="Isus na križu – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Isus na križu" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tujuh_Perkataan_Salib" title="Tujuh Perkataan Salib – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tujuh Perkataan Salib" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sette_parole_di_Cristo_in_croce" title="Sette parole di Cristo in croce – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Sette parole di 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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Seven expressions of Jesus during his crucifixion</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brooklyn_Museum_-_What_Our_Lord_Saw_from_the_Cross_(Ce_que_voyait_Notre-Seigneur_sur_la_Croix)_-_James_Tissot.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Brooklyn_Museum_-_What_Our_Lord_Saw_from_the_Cross_%28Ce_que_voyait_Notre-Seigneur_sur_la_Croix%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/300px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_What_Our_Lord_Saw_from_the_Cross_%28Ce_que_voyait_Notre-Seigneur_sur_la_Croix%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="324" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Brooklyn_Museum_-_What_Our_Lord_Saw_from_the_Cross_%28Ce_que_voyait_Notre-Seigneur_sur_la_Croix%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/450px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_What_Our_Lord_Saw_from_the_Cross_%28Ce_que_voyait_Notre-Seigneur_sur_la_Croix%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Brooklyn_Museum_-_What_Our_Lord_Saw_from_the_Cross_%28Ce_que_voyait_Notre-Seigneur_sur_la_Croix%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg/600px-Brooklyn_Museum_-_What_Our_Lord_Saw_from_the_Cross_%28Ce_que_voyait_Notre-Seigneur_sur_la_Croix%29_-_James_Tissot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1371" data-file-height="1482" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion,_seen_from_the_Cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifixion, seen from the Cross">Crucifixion, seen from the Cross</a></i> by <a href="/wiki/James_Tissot" title="James Tissot">James Tissot</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1890</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>sayings of Jesus on the cross</b> (sometimes called the <b>Seven Last Words from the Cross</b>) are seven expressions biblically attributed to <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a> during <a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">his crucifixion</a>. Traditionally, the brief sayings have been called "words". </p><p>The seven sayings are gathered from the four <a href="/wiki/Canonical_gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="Canonical gospel">canonical gospels</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, Jesus cries out to God. In <a href="/wiki/Luke_23" title="Luke 23">Luke</a>, he forgives his killers, reassures the <a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">penitent thief</a>, and commends his spirit to the Father. In <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>, he speaks to his mother, says he thirsts, and declares the end of his earthly life. This is an example of the Christian approach to the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">gospel harmony</a>, in which material from different gospels is combined, producing an account that goes beyond each gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-Houlden627_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houlden627-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-JInt_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JInt-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 16th century, these sayings have been widely used in sermons on <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>, and entire books have been written on theological analysis of them.<sup id="cite_ref-Houlden627_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houlden627-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Houlden645_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houlden645-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Seven Last Words from the Cross are an integral part of the <a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">liturgy</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Catholic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a>, and other Christian traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several composers have <a href="/wiki/Musical_settings_of_sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Musical settings of sayings of Jesus on the cross">set the sayings to music</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Overview">Overview</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Overview"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the following table, the seven sayings are arranged according to their traditional order.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, all seven sayings cannot be found in any one account of Jesus' crucifixion. The ordering is a <a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">harmonisation</a> of the texts from each of the four canonical gospels. Three of the sayings appear only in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a> and three only in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a>. One other saying appears both in <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a>, and another ("It is finished") is only directly quoted in John but alluded to in Matthew and Mark.<sup id="cite_ref-Houlden627_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houlden627-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Quotations here and throughout this article are taken from the <a href="/wiki/KJV" class="mw-redirect" title="KJV">King James translation</a>, except where otherwise noted. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Sayings of Jesus on the cross </th> <th>Matthew </th> <th>Mark </th> <th>Luke </th> <th>John </th></tr> <tr> <td>Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>23:34 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>23:43 </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Woman, behold thy son! <i>and</i> Behold thy mother! </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>19:26–27 </td></tr> <tr> <td>My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? </td> <td>27:46 </td> <td>15:34 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>I thirst. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>19:28 </td></tr> <tr> <td>It is finished. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>19:30 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit. </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>23:46 </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theological_interpretations">Theological interpretations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Theological interpretations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Traditionally, these seven sayings are called words of: </p> <ol><li>Forgiveness,</li> <li>Salvation,</li> <li>Relationship,</li> <li>Abandonment,</li> <li>Distress,</li> <li>Triumph, and</li> <li>Reunion.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>The sayings form part of the <a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a>, a Christian meditation that is often used during <a href="/wiki/Lent" title="Lent">Lent</a>, <a href="/wiki/Holy_Week" title="Holy Week">Holy Week</a> and <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a>. </p><p>The Dominican author <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Radcliffe" title="Timothy Radcliffe">Timothy Radcliffe</a> sees the number seven as significant, as the number of perfection in the Bible. He writes that as God created the world in seven days, "these seven words belong to God's completion of that creation".<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Historicity">Historicity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Historicity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/James_Dunn_(theologian)" title="James Dunn (theologian)">James Dunn</a> considers the seven sayings weakly rooted in tradition and sees them as a part of the elaborations in the diverse retellings of Jesus' final hours.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He does, however, argue in favour of the authenticity of the Mark/Matthew saying, in which Jesus seems to describe himself as forsaken by God. This would have been <a href="/wiki/Criterion_of_embarrassment" title="Criterion of embarrassment">an embarrassment</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Early_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Church">early Church</a>, and hence would likely not have been invented.<sup id="cite_ref-Dunn_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dunn-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Leslie_Houlden" title="Leslie Houlden">Leslie Houlden</a> suggests that Luke may have deliberately excluded this saying from his gospel because it did not fit in with the model of Jesus he was presenting.<sup id="cite_ref-Houlden627_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houlden627-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Houlden645_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Houlden645-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Michael_Licona" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Licona">Michael Licona</a> suggests that John has redacted Jesus' authentic statements as recorded in Matthew, Mark and Luke. Where Matthew and Mark have Jesus quote Psalm 22:1, John records that "in order that the Scripture may be fulfilled, Jesus said, 'I am thirsty'." Jesus' final words as recorded in Luke are simplified in John into "It is finished."<sup id="cite_ref-MRL_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MRL-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_seven_sayings">The seven sayings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The seven sayings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1._Father,_forgive_them;_for_they_know_not_what_they_do"><span id="1._Father.2C_forgive_them.3B_for_they_know_not_what_they_do"></span>1. <span class="anchor" id="Luke_23:34"></span>Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: 1. Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Then said Jesus, Father, forgive them; for they know not what they do.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Luke 23:34<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>This first saying of Jesus on the cross is traditionally called "The Word of Forgiveness".<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is theologically interpreted as Jesus' prayer for forgiveness for the Roman soldiers who were crucifying him and all others who were involved in his crucifixion.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some early manuscripts do not include this sentence in Luke 23:34.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Biblical scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Bart_Ehrman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bart Ehrman">Bart Ehrman</a> have argued that it was omitted by some scribes because of anti-Judaic sentiment around the second century.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2._To_day_shalt_thou_be_with_me_in_paradise">2. <span class="anchor" id="Luke_23:43"></span>To day shalt thou be with me in paradise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 2. To day shalt thou be with me in paradise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And Jesus said unto him, Verily I say unto thee, To day shalt thou be with me in paradise.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Luke 23:43<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>This saying is traditionally called "The Word of Salvation".<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the Gospel of Luke, Jesus was crucified between two thieves (traditionally named <a href="/wiki/Dismas" class="mw-redirect" title="Dismas">Dismas</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gestas" class="mw-redirect" title="Gestas">Gestas</a>), one of whom supports Jesus' innocence and asks him to remember him when he comes into his kingdom. Jesus replies, "Verily I say unto thee..." (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">ἀμήν λέγω σοί</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Amen#New_Testament" title="Amen">amēn</a> legō soi</i></span>), followed with the only appearance of the word "<a href="/wiki/Paradise" title="Paradise">Paradise</a>" in the gospels (<span title="Ancient Greek-language text"><span lang="grc">παραδείσω</span></span>, <span title="Ancient Greek-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">paradeisō</i></span>, originally from <a href="/wiki/Persian_language" title="Persian language">Persian</a> <span title="Persian-language romanization"><i lang="fa-Latn">pairidaeza</i></span>, "<a href="/wiki/Paradise_garden" title="Paradise garden">paradise garden</a>"). </p><p>A seemingly simple change in punctuation in this saying has been the subject of doctrinal differences among Christian groups, given the lack of punctuation in the original Greek texts.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley48_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley48-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholics and most Protestant Christians usually use a version which reads "today you will be with me in Paradise".<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley48_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley48-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This reading assumes a direct voyage to Heaven and has no implications of <a href="/wiki/Purgatory" title="Purgatory">purgatory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley48_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley48-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, some Protestants who believe in <a href="/wiki/Soul_sleep" class="mw-redirect" title="Soul sleep">soul sleep</a> have used a reading which emphasizes "I say to you today", leaving open the possibility that the statement was made today, but arrival in Heaven may be later.<sup id="cite_ref-Buckley48_21-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Buckley48-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3._Woman,_behold,_thy_son!_Behold,_thy_mother!"><span id="3._Woman.2C_behold.2C_thy_son.21_Behold.2C_thy_mother.21"></span>3. <span class="anchor" id="John_19:26-27"></span>Woman, behold, thy son! Behold, thy mother!</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 3. Woman, behold, thy son! Behold, thy mother!"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:N-s-dos-passos-19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/N-s-dos-passos-19.jpg/220px-N-s-dos-passos-19.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/N-s-dos-passos-19.jpg/330px-N-s-dos-passos-19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/11/N-s-dos-passos-19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="419" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Crucifixion depicted as <i><a href="/wiki/Stabat_Mater_(art)" title="Stabat Mater (art)">Stabat Mater</a></i> with the Virgin Mary, <a href="/wiki/Porto_Alegre" title="Porto Alegre">Porto Alegre</a>, Brazil, 19th century</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When Jesus therefore saw his mother, and the disciple standing by, whom he loved, he saith unto his mother, Woman, behold thy son! Then saith he to the disciple, Behold thy mother! And from that hour that disciple took her unto his own home.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John 19:26–27<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Relationship" and in it Jesus entrusts <a href="/wiki/Mary,_the_mother_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Mary, the mother of Jesus">Mary</a>, his mother, into the care of "<a href="/wiki/Disciple_whom_Jesus_loved" title="Disciple whom Jesus loved">the disciple whom Jesus loved</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jesus also addresses his mother as "woman" in John 2:4.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although this sounds dismissive in English, the Greek word is a term of respect or tenderness.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Catholic commentators, on the basis of these two passages, often connect Mary with the "woman" of <a href="/wiki/Protevangelium" class="mw-redirect" title="Protevangelium">Genesis 3:15</a>, and the "<a href="/wiki/Woman_clothed_with_the_sun" class="mw-redirect" title="Woman clothed with the sun">woman clothed with the sun</a>" in <a href="/wiki/Revelation_12" title="Revelation 12">Revelation 12</a>, and therefore see this title of "woman" as a justification for the <a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">veneration of Mary</a> as a second <a href="/wiki/Eve" title="Eve">Eve</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="4._My_God,_my_God,_why_hast_thou_forsaken_me?"><span id="4._My_God.2C_my_God.2C_why_hast_thou_forsaken_me.3F"></span>4. <span class="anchor" id="Matthew_27:46"></span><span class="anchor" id="Mark_15:34"></span>My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 4. My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/My_God,_my_God,_why_hast_Thou_forsaken_me%3F" title="My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me?">My God, my God, why hast Thou forsaken me?</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And at the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eloi, Eloi, lama sabachthani? which is, being interpreted, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Mark 15:34<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And the ninth hour Jesus cried with a loud voice, saying, Eli, Eli, lama sabachthani? that is to say, My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me?</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Matthew 27:46<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>This is the only saying which appears in more than one gospel.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In both accounts, the words spoken by Jesus have been transliterated from <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> into Greek, and there are slight differences between the two versions (Mark: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἐλωΐ, Ἐλωΐ, λαμὰ σαβαχθανί</span></span>; Matthew: <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Ἠλί, Ἠλί, λεμὰ σαβαχθανί</span></span>). In both cases, σαβαχθανί seems to be the Greek transliteration of Aramaic שבקתני <i>šəḇaqtanī,</i> meaning "forsaken me". </p><p>Both versions can be said to be in <a href="/wiki/Aramaic" title="Aramaic">Aramaic</a> rather than in closely related <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> because of the verb <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">שבק</span>‎ (<i>šbq</i>) "abandon", which exists only in Aramaic.<sup id="cite_ref-Greenspahn,_Frederick_E_2003._P.25_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Greenspahn,_Frederick_E_2003._P.25-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-critexeg_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-critexeg-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hebrew counterpart to this word, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">עזב</span>‎ (<i>zb</i>), is seen in the second line of the <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Psalm_22" title="Psalm 22">Psalm 22</a>, which the saying appears to quote. Thus, Jesus is not quoting the canonical Hebrew version (<i>ēlī ēlī lāmā 'azabtānī</i>), attributed in some Jewish interpretations to <a href="/wiki/David" title="David">King David</a> himself, but rather the version in an Aramaic <a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a> (translation of the Bible). Surviving Aramaic Targums do use the verb <i>šbq</i> in their translations of the Psalm 22.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the next verse, in both accounts, some who hear Jesus' cry imagine that he is calling for help from <a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a> (<i>Ēlīyā</i> in Aramaic). </p><p>The Aramaic word form שבקתני <i>šəḇaqtanī</i> is based on the verb <i>šǝḇaq</i>/<i>šāḇaq</i>, 'to allow, to permit, to forgive, and to forsake', with the perfect tense ending <i>-t</i> (2nd person singular: 'you'), and the object suffix <i>-anī</i> (1st person singular: 'me'). </p><p>In Hebrew, the saying would be "<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095"><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">אֵלִי אֵלִי, לָמָה עֲזַבְתָּנִי</span>‎" (<i>ēlī ēlī, lāmā 'azabtānī</i> in <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical Hebrew</a>, <i>eli eli lama azavtani</i> in <a href="/wiki/Modern_Hebrew" title="Modern Hebrew">Modern Hebrew</a> pronunciation), while the <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac-Aramaic</a> phrase according to the <a href="/wiki/Peshitta" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a> would be <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: <span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܐܝܠܝ ܐܝܠܝ ܠܡܐ ܫܒܩܬܢܝ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Syriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Syriac">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syr-Latn">ʔēl ʔēl lǝmā šǝḇaqtān</i></span> (Matthew 27:46) or <a href="/wiki/Syriac_language" title="Syriac language">Syriac</a>: <span lang="syr" dir="rtl">ܐܠܗܝ ܐܠܗܝ ܠܡܢܐ ܫܒܩܬܢܝ</span>, <small><a href="/wiki/Romanization_of_Syriac" class="mw-redirect" title="Romanization of Syriac">romanized</a>: </small><span title="Syriac-language romanization"><i lang="syr-Latn">ʾalāh ʾalāh lǝmānā šǝḇaqtān</i></span> (Mark 15:34). </p><p>This saying is taken by some as an abandonment of the Son by the Father. Another interpretation holds that at the moment when Jesus took upon himself the sins of humanity, the Father had to turn away from the Son because the Father is "of purer eyes than to see evil and cannot look at wrong" (<a href="/wiki/ESV" class="mw-redirect" title="ESV">ESV</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other theologians understand the cry as that of one who was truly human and who felt forsaken. Put to death by his foes, very largely deserted by his friends, he may have also felt deserted by God.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others see these words in the context of Psalm 22 and suggest that Jesus recited these words, perhaps even the whole psalm, "that he might show himself to be the very Being to whom the words refer; so that the Jewish scribes and people might examine and see the cause why he would not descend from the cross; namely, because this very psalm showed that it was appointed that he should suffer these things."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="5._I_thirst">5. <span class="anchor" id="John_19:28"></span>I thirst</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 5. I thirst"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>After this, Jesus knowing that all things were now accomplished, that the scripture might be fulfilled, saith, I thirst.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John 19:28<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Distress" and is compared and contrasted with the encounter of Jesus with the <a href="/wiki/Samaritan_woman_at_the_well" title="Samaritan woman at the well">Samaritan woman at the well</a> in John 4.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Only John records this saying, but all four gospels relate that Jesus was offered a drink of sour wine (possibly <a href="/wiki/Posca" title="Posca">posca</a>). In Mark and Matthew, a sponge was soaked in the wine and lifted up to Jesus on a reed; John says the same, but states that the sponge was affixed to a <a href="/wiki/Hyssop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hyssop">hyssop</a> branch. This may have been intended as symbolically significant, as hyssop branches are often mentioned in the Old Testament in the context of the use of sacrificial blood for ritual purification.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This statement of Jesus is interpreted by John as fulfilment of the prophecy given in <a href="/wiki/Psalm_69" title="Psalm 69">Psalm 69</a>:21, "in my thirst they gave me vinegar to drink";<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hence the quotation from John's gospel includes the comment "that the scripture might be fulfilled". The <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_Bible" title="Jerusalem Bible">Jerusalem Bible</a> cross-references Psalm 22:15: "my palate is drier than a potsherd, and my tongue is stuck to my jaw".<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="6._It_is_finished">6. <span class="anchor" id="John_19:30"></span>It is finished</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 6. It is finished"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miguel_Angel_Crucifixion_La_Redonda_Logrono_Spain.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Miguel_Angel_Crucifixion_La_Redonda_Logrono_Spain.jpg/220px-Miguel_Angel_Crucifixion_La_Redonda_Logrono_Spain.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="331" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Miguel_Angel_Crucifixion_La_Redonda_Logrono_Spain.jpg/330px-Miguel_Angel_Crucifixion_La_Redonda_Logrono_Spain.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a4/Miguel_Angel_Crucifixion_La_Redonda_Logrono_Spain.jpg/440px-Miguel_Angel_Crucifixion_La_Redonda_Logrono_Spain.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1010" data-file-height="1521" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>: <i>Crucifixion of Christ</i>, 1540</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When Jesus therefore had received the vinegar, he said, It is finished: and he bowed his head, and gave up the ghost.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John 19:30<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>This statement is traditionally called "The Word of Triumph" and is theologically interpreted as the announcement of the end of the earthly life of Jesus, in anticipation for the Resurrection.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Greek word translated "It is finished" is <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">tetelestai</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">τετέλεσται</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The verse has also been translated as "It is consummated."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The utterance after consuming the beverage and immediately before death is mentioned, but not explicitly quoted, in Mark 15:37 and Matthew 27:50 (both of which state that Jesus "cried with a loud voice, and gave up the ghost"). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="7._Father,_into_thy_hands_I_commend_my_spirit"><span id="7._Father.2C_into_thy_hands_I_commend_my_spirit"></span>7. <span class="anchor" id="Luke_23:46"></span>Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: 7. Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>And when Jesus had cried with a loud voice, he said, Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit: and having said thus, he gave up the ghost.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Luke 23:46<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></cite></div></blockquote> <p>From <a href="/wiki/Psalm_31" title="Psalm 31">Psalm 31</a>:5, this saying, which is an announcement and not a request, is traditionally called "The Word of Reunion" and is theologically interpreted as the proclamation of Jesus joining <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a> in Heaven.<sup id="cite_ref-Bromiley_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The words of Luke 23:46, or the fuller Psalm 31:5, have subsequently been attributed as <a href="/wiki/List_of_last_words" title="List of last words">last words of famous people</a>, especially those considered pious Christians, such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">martyrs</a> or <a href="/wiki/Christian_saint" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian saint">saints</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson1869-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These include <a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip the Apostle</a> (died AD 80),<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Basil_the_Great" class="mw-redirect" title="Basil the Great">Basil the Great</a> (AD 379),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> (died 814),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ansgar" title="Ansgar">Ansgar</a> (865),<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a> (1170),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Jan_Hus" title="Jan Hus">Jan Hus</a> (1415),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson1869-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> (1506),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Ludovica_Albertoni" title="Ludovica Albertoni">Ludovica Albertoni</a> (1533),<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martin_Luther" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> (1546),<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Wishart" title="George Wishart">George Wishart</a> (1546),<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lady_Jane_Grey" title="Lady Jane Grey">Lady Jane Grey</a> (1554),<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson1869-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> her father <a href="/wiki/Henry_Grey,_1st_Duke_of_Suffolk" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Grey, 1st Duke of Suffolk">Henry, Duke of Suffolk</a> (1555),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_of_Villanova" title="Thomas of Villanova">Thomas of Villanova</a> (1555),<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Mary,_Queen_of_Scots" title="Mary, Queen of Scots">Mary, Queen of Scots</a> (1587),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson1869-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Aloysius_Gonzaga" title="Aloysius Gonzaga">Aloysius Gonzaga</a> (1591),<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Torquato_Tasso" title="Torquato Tasso">Torquato Tasso</a> (1595),<sup id="cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thompson1869-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Turibius_of_Mogrovejo" title="Turibius of Mogrovejo">Turibius of Mogrovejo</a> (1606),<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Bruen" title="John Bruen">John Bruen</a> (1625),<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/George_Herbert" title="George Herbert">George Herbert</a> (1633),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Covenanters" title="Covenanters">Covenanters</a> including <a href="/wiki/Hugh_Mackail" title="Hugh Mackail">Hugh Mackail</a> (1666) and <a href="/wiki/James_Renwick_(Covenanter)" title="James Renwick (Covenanter)">James Renwick</a> (1688),<sup id="cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_Friedrich_Schwarz" title="Christian Friedrich Schwarz">Christian Friedrich Schwarz</a> (1798).<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Musical_settings_of_sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross" title="Musical settings of sayings of Jesus on the cross">Musical settings of sayings of Jesus on the cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stations_of_the_Cross" title="Stations of the Cross">Stations of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aramaic_of_Jesus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaic of Jesus">Aramaic of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" class="mw-redirect" title="Life of Jesus in the New Testament">Life of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Hours%27_Agony" title="Three Hours' Agony">Three Hours' Agony</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Bromiley-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bromiley_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBromiley1988" class="citation book cs1">Bromiley, Geoffrey W. (1988). <i>International Standard Bible Encyclopedia, Vol. 4</i>. Eerdmans Press. p. 426. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-3784-0"><bdi>0-8028-3784-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+Standard+Bible+Encyclopedia%2C+Vol.+4&rft.pages=426&rft.pub=Eerdmans+Press&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=0-8028-3784-0&rft.aulast=Bromiley&rft.aufirst=Geoffrey+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2006" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Joseph F. (2006). <i>An Introduction to the New Testament for Catholics</i>. Liturgical Press. p. 153. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5216-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8146-5216-9"><bdi>978-0-8146-5216-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+New+Testament+for+Catholics&rft.pages=153&rft.pub=Liturgical+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8146-5216-9&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Joseph+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houlden627-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houlden627_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houlden627_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houlden627_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houlden627_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolden2006" class="citation book cs1">Holden, Leslie (2006). <i>Jesus: The Complete Guide</i>. Continuum International Publishing Group. p. 627. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8264-8011-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-8264-8011-X"><bdi>0-8264-8011-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%3A+The+Complete+Guide&rft.pages=627&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-8264-8011-X&rft.aulast=Holden&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JInt-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JInt_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Bart_D._Ehrman" title="Bart D. Ehrman">Ehrman, Bart D.</a> (2009). <i>Jesus, Interrupted</i>. HarperCollins. pp. 69–70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-117393-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-117393-6"><bdi>978-0-06-117393-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus%2C+Interrupted&rft.pages=69-70&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-06-117393-6&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCrocklin2006" class="citation book cs1">McCrocklin, W. (2006). <i>Jesus of Nazareth</i>. Xulon Press. p. 134. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-59781-863-1" title="Special:BookSources/1-59781-863-1"><bdi>1-59781-863-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+of+Nazareth&rft.pages=134&rft.pub=Xulon+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=1-59781-863-1&rft.aulast=McCrocklin&rft.aufirst=W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Houlden645-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Houlden645_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Houlden645_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoulden2003" class="citation book cs1">Houlden, Leslie (2003). <i>Jesus in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1</i>. ABC-CLIO. p. 645. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57607-856-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-57607-856-6"><bdi>1-57607-856-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+in+History%2C+Thought%2C+and+Culture%3A+An+Encyclopedia%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=645&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=1-57607-856-6&rft.aulast=Houlden&rft.aufirst=Leslie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFYoung2005" class="citation book cs1">Young, Richard (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QHz5czNrWlYC&pg=PA191"><i>Echoes from Calvary, Volume 1</i></a>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 190–191. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0742543843" title="Special:BookSources/978-0742543843"><bdi>978-0742543843</bdi></a>. <q>Interestingly, the Methodist <i>Book of Worship</i> adopted by the General Conference of 1964 presented two services for Good Friday: a Three Hours' Service for the afternoon and a Good Friday evening service that includes the "Adoration at the Cross" (the Gospel, Deprecations, and Adoration of the Cross) but omits a communion service, which would be the Methodist equivalent of the Mass of the Presanctified.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Echoes+from+Calvary%2C+Volume+1&rft.pages=190-191&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0742543843&rft.aulast=Young&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQHz5czNrWlYC%26pg%3DPA191&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.hn52i3&view=1up&seq=67&skin=2021">"Good Friday"</a>. <i>The Encyclopedia Americana, Volume 13</i>. The Encyclopedia Americana Corporation. 1919. p. 51 – via HathiTrust Digital Library. <q>The 'Three Hours' Devotion, borrowed from Roman usage, with meditation on the 'seven last words' from the Cross, and held from 12 till 3, when our Lord hung on the Cross, is a service of Good Friday that meets with increasing acceptance among the Anglicans.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Good+Friday&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+Americana%2C+Volume+13&rft.pages=51&rft.pub=The+Encyclopedia+Americana+Corporation&rft.date=1919&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbabel.hathitrust.org%2Fcgi%2Fpt%3Fid%3Dhvd.hn52i3%26view%3D1up%26seq%3D67%26skin%3D2021&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMajernik2005" class="citation book cs1">Majernik, Jan (2005). <i>The Synoptics</i>. Emmaus Road Press. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-931018-31-6" title="Special:BookSources/1-931018-31-6"><bdi>1-931018-31-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Synoptics&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Emmaus+Road+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-931018-31-6&rft.aulast=Majernik&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRadcliffe2005" class="citation book cs1">Radcliffe, Timothy (2005). <i>Seven Last Words</i>. Burns & Oates. p. 11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86012-397-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86012-397-9"><bdi>0-86012-397-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seven+Last+Words&rft.pages=11&rft.pub=Burns+%26+Oates&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-86012-397-9&rft.aulast=Radcliffe&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dunn-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dunn_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dunn_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunn2003" class="citation book cs1">Dunn, James G. D. (2003). <i>Jesus Remembered</i>. Eerdmans. pp. 779–781. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0802839312" title="Special:BookSources/0802839312"><bdi>0802839312</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jesus+Remembered&rft.pages=779-781&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0802839312&rft.aulast=Dunn&rft.aufirst=James+G.+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MRL-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MRL_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Michael_R._Licona" title="Michael R. Licona">Michael R. Licona</a>, <i>Why Are There Differences in the Gospels? What We Can Learn from Ancient Biography</i> (Oxford University Press, 2017), pp. 165–166.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#23:34" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 23:34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobbins1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Vernon_K._Robbins" title="Vernon K. Robbins">Robbins, Vernon K.</a> (1998). "From Enthymeme to Theology in Luke 11:1–13". In Thompson, Richard P. (ed.). <i>Literary Studies in Luke-Acts</i>. Mercer University Press. pp. 200–01. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-563-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-563-4"><bdi>0-86554-563-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=From+Enthymeme+to+Theology+in+Luke+11%3A1%E2%80%9313&rft.btitle=Literary+Studies+in+Luke-Acts&rft.pages=200-01&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-86554-563-4&rft.aulast=Robbins&rft.aufirst=Vernon+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWilliams1998" class="citation book cs1">McWilliams, Warren (1998). "Passion Narrative". In Mills, W. E.; Bullard, R. A. (eds.). <i>Mercer Dictionary of the Bible</i>. Mercer University Press. p. 648. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-86554-373-9"><bdi>0-86554-373-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Passion+Narrative&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pages=648&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-86554-373-9&rft.aulast=McWilliams&rft.aufirst=Warren&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurz1993" class="citation book cs1">Kurz, William S. (1993). <i>Reading Luke-Acts: Dynamics of Biblical Narrative</i>. John Knox Press. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-664-25441-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-664-25441-1"><bdi>0-664-25441-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+Luke-Acts%3A+Dynamics+of+Biblical+Narrative&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-664-25441-1&rft.aulast=Kurz&rft.aufirst=William+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Toole2004" class="citation book cs1">O'Toole, Robert F. (2004). <i>Luke's Presentation of Jesus: A Christology</i>. Pontifical Biblical Institute. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/88-7653-625-6" title="Special:BookSources/88-7653-625-6"><bdi>88-7653-625-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Luke%27s+Presentation+of+Jesus%3A+A+Christology&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Pontifical+Biblical+Institute&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=88-7653-625-6&rft.aulast=O%27Toole&rft.aufirst=Robert+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoxEasley2007" class="citation book cs1">Cox, Steven L.; Easley, Kendell H. (2007). <i>Harmony of the Gospels</i>. Holman Bible Publishers. p. 234. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-9444-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8054-9444-0"><bdi>978-0-8054-9444-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Harmony+of+the+Gospels&rft.pages=234&rft.pub=Holman+Bible+Publishers&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8054-9444-0&rft.aulast=Cox&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft.au=Easley%2C+Kendell+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEhrman2019" class="citation web cs1">Ehrman, Bart (March 24, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ehrmanblog.org/did-jesus-pray-father-forgive-them-from-the-cross">"Did Jesus Pray 'Father Forgive Them' from the Cross?"</a>. <i>The Bart Ehrman Blog</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bart+Ehrman+Blog&rft.atitle=Did+Jesus+Pray+%27Father+Forgive+Them%27+from+the+Cross%3F&rft.date=2019-03-24&rft.aulast=Ehrman&rft.aufirst=Bart&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fehrmanblog.org%2Fdid-jesus-pray-father-forgive-them-from-the-cross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#23:43" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 23:43</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Buckley48-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley48_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley48_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley48_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Buckley48_21-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChristman2010" class="citation book cs1">Christman, A. R. (2010). "The Early Church". In Buckley, J.; Bauerschmidt, F. C.; Pomplun, T. (eds.). <i>The Blackwell Companion to Catholicism</i>. Blackwell Publishing. p. 48. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3732-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4443-3732-7"><bdi>978-1-4443-3732-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Early+Church&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+Companion+to+Catholicism&rft.pages=48&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-4443-3732-7&rft.aulast=Christman&rft.aufirst=A.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#19:26" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 19:26–27</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/john/2-4.htm">"John 2:4"</a>. Bible Hub<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+2%3A4&rft.pub=Bible+Hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fjohn%2F2-4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownrigg2005" class="citation book cs1">Brownrigg, Ronald (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jcuAAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA201"><i>Who's Who in the New Testament</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. p. 201. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134509508" title="Special:BookSources/9781134509508"><bdi>9781134509508</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who+in+the+New+Testament&rft.pages=201&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=9781134509508&rft.aulast=Brownrigg&rft.aufirst=Ronald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjcuAAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1966" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Raymond E. (1966). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/gospelaccordingt0001unse/page/98/mode/2up"><i>The Gospel According to John (i–xii)</i></a></span>. The Anchor Bible. Doubleday & Company. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0385015178" title="Special:BookSources/0385015178"><bdi>0385015178</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Gospel+According+to+John+%28i%E2%80%93xii%29&rft.series=The+Anchor+Bible&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Doubleday+%26+Company&rft.date=1966&rft.isbn=0385015178&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Raymond+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fgospelaccordingt0001unse%2Fpage%2F98%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBrown1966">Brown 1966</a>, pp. 107–109</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Mark#15:34" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Mark">Mark 15:34</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Matthew#27:46" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Matthew">Matthew 27:46</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Greenspahn,_Frederick_E_2003._P.25-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Greenspahn,_Frederick_E_2003._P.25_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Greenspahn, Frederick E. 2003. An introduction to Aramaic. P.25</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-critexeg-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-critexeg_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Davies, William D. and Dale C. Allison. 1997. <i>Critical and Exegetical Commentary on the Gospel According to Saint Matthew</i>. Vol. III. p. 624</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/index.htm">The Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100419164259/http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/index.htm">Archived</a> 2010-04-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/get_a_chapter?file=81002&sub=022&cset=H">Targum Psalms 22</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413144121/http://cal1.cn.huc.edu/get_a_chapter?file=81002&sub=022&cset=H">Archived</a> 2014-04-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Hebrew Union College –Jewish Institute of Religion</li></ul> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/habakkuk/1-13.htm">"Habakkuk 1:13"</a>. Bible Hub<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Habakkuk+1%3A13&rft.pub=Bible+Hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fhabakkuk%2F1-13.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFConner1954" class="citation book cs1">Conner, W. T. (1954). <i>The Cross in the New Testament</i>. Nashville, TN: Broadman Press. p. 34. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/2882455">2882455</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cross+in+the+New+Testament&rft.place=Nashville%2C+TN&rft.pages=34&rft.pub=Broadman+Press&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F2882455&rft.aulast=Conner&rft.aufirst=W.+T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/pulpit/mark/15.htm">"Pulpit Commentary – Mark 15:34"</a>. Bible Hub<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pulpit+Commentary+%E2%80%93+Mark+15%3A34&rft.pub=Bible+Hub&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fpulpit%2Fmark%2F15.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#19:28" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 19:28</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHamilton2009" class="citation book cs1">Hamilton, Adam (2009). <i>24 Hours That Changed the World</i>. Abingdon Press. p. 111. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-687-46555-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-687-46555-2"><bdi>978-0-687-46555-2</bdi></a>. <q>Once again we find John using a small detail to point to something of deeper significance. God had commanded that hyssop branches be used to sprinkle the blood of the Passover lamb above the doors of the dwellings of the Israelites when the firstborn of the Egyptians were killed (Exodus 12:22). It was hyssop wrapped in yarn that was used to sprinkle blood and water upon the lepers (Leviticus 14) and on the ceremonially unclean (Numbers 19) so that they might be made clean again. When David offered his prayer of confession in Psalm 51, he cried out to God, 'Purge me with hyssop, and I shall be clean' (verse 7); and the writer of Hebrews notes that after Moses gave the people the commandments, 'he took the blood of calves and goats, with water and scarlet wool and hyssop, and sprinkled both the scroll itself and all the people, saying, "This is the blood of the covenant that God has ordained for you.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">"</span>' (Hebrews 9:19–20).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=24+Hours+That+Changed+the+World&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-687-46555-2&rft.aulast=Hamilton&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicoll" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_Robertson_Nicoll" title="William Robertson Nicoll">Nicoll, W. R.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/commentaries/egt/john/19.htm">"Expositor's Greek Testament – John 19"</a>. Bible Hub<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Expositor%27s+Greek+Testament+%E2%80%93+John+19&rft.pub=Bible+Hub&rft.aulast=Nicoll&rft.aufirst=W.+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fegt%2Fjohn%2F19.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones1966" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Alexander, ed. (1966). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/thejerusalembible1966/page/n1749/mode/2up"><i>The Jerusalem Bible</i></a>. Darton, Longman & Todd. John 19:28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jerusalem+Bible&rft.pages=John+19%3A28&rft.pub=Darton%2C+Longman+%26+Todd&rft.date=1966&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthejerusalembible1966%2Fpage%2Fn1749%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/John#19:30" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/John">John 19:30</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.org/question/what-does-greek-word-tetelestai-mean">"What does the Greek word 'tetelestai' mean?"</a>. Bible.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+does+the+Greek+word+%27tetelestai%27+mean%3F&rft.pub=Bible.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbible.org%2Fquestion%2Fwhat-does-greek-word-tetelestai-mean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/drb/john/19.htm">"Douay-Rheims Bible – John 19:30"</a>. Bible Hub<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 September</span> 2021</span>. <q>Jesus therefore, when he had taken the vinegar, said: It is consummated. And bowing his head, he gave up the ghost.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Douay-Rheims+Bible+%E2%80%93+John+19%3A30&rft.pub=Bible+Hub&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fdrb%2Fjohn%2F19.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/Luke#23:46" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/Luke">Luke 23:46</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation journal cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8VZDAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA117">"A Wonderful Prayer"</a>. <i>The Christian Treasury</i>. <b>35</b>. Edinburgh: Johnstone, Hunter: 117. 1879.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Treasury&rft.atitle=A+Wonderful+Prayer&rft.volume=35&rft.pages=117&rft.date=1879&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8VZDAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thompson1869-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thompson1869_44-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1869" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, Augustus Charles (1869). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=YDdoAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA282"><i>Seeds and Sheaves: Or, Words of Scripture; Their History and Fruits</i></a>. Gould and Lincoln. pp. 282–284.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seeds+and+Sheaves%3A+Or%2C+Words+of+Scripture%3B+Their+History+and+Fruits&rft.pages=282-284&rft.pub=Gould+and+Lincoln&rft.date=1869&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Augustus+Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYDdoAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA282&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lockyer1991-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lockyer1991_45-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockyer1993" class="citation book cs1">Lockyer, Herbert (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=08MSVzXA_Z8C&pg=PA118">"Psalm 31"</a>. <i>Psalms: A Devotional Commentary</i>. Kregel Publications. pp. 118–124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-9742-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-9742-1"><bdi>978-0-8254-9742-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Psalm+31&rft.btitle=Psalms%3A+A+Devotional+Commentary&rft.pages=118-124&rft.pub=Kregel+Publications&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-9742-1&rft.aulast=Lockyer&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D08MSVzXA_Z8C%26pg%3DPA118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/50">p. 48</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler 1866, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/210/6/141.html">June 14</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/85">p. 83</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/54">p. 52</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1859" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Morris_(Jesuit)" title="John Morris (Jesuit)">Morris, John</a> (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PsQCAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA331"><i>The Life and Martyrdom of St. Thomas Becket</i></a>. London: <a href="/wiki/Longman,_Brown,_Green,_%26_Longmans" class="mw-redirect" title="Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans">Longman, Brown, Green, & Longmans</a>. p. 331.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+and+Martyrdom+of+St.+Thomas+Becket&rft.place=London&rft.pages=331&rft.pub=Longman%2C+Brown%2C+Green%2C+%26+Longmans&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Morris&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPsQCAAAAQAAJ%26pg%3DPA331&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/149">p. 147</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWratislaw1882" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Albert_Henry_Wratislaw" class="mw-redirect" title="Albert Henry Wratislaw">Wratislaw, Albert Henry</a> (1882). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=a5gDAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA332"><i>John Hus: The Commencement of Resistance to Papal Authority on the Part of the Inferior Clergy</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Society_for_Promoting_Christian_Knowledge" title="Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge">Society for Promoting Christian Knowledge</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7905-6158-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7905-6158-5"><bdi>978-0-7905-6158-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=John+Hus%3A+The+Commencement+of+Resistance+to+Papal+Authority+on+the+Part+of+the+Inferior+Clergy&rft.pub=Society+for+Promoting+Christian+Knowledge&rft.date=1882&rft.isbn=978-0-7905-6158-5&rft.aulast=Wratislaw&rft.aufirst=Albert+Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Da5gDAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAbbott1875" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Stevens_Cabot_Abbott" title="John Stevens Cabot Abbott">Abbott, John Stevens Cabot</a> (1875). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vNgZAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA344"><i>The Life of Christopher Columbus</i></a>. Dodd & Mead. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7222-8370-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7222-8370-7"><bdi>978-0-7222-8370-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Life+of+Christopher+Columbus&rft.pub=Dodd+%26+Mead&rft.date=1875&rft.isbn=978-0-7222-8370-7&rft.aulast=Abbott&rft.aufirst=John+Stevens+Cabot&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvNgZAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA344&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerlove1990" class="citation book cs1">Perlove, Shelley Karen (1990). <i>Bernini and the Idealization of Death: The Blessed Ludovica Albertoni and the Altieri Chapel</i>. Pennsylvania State University Press. p. 39. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-271-00684-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-271-00684-0"><bdi>978-0-271-00684-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bernini+and+the+Idealization+of+Death%3A+The+Blessed+Ludovica+Albertoni+and+the+Altieri+Chapel&rft.pages=39&rft.pub=Pennsylvania+State+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0-271-00684-0&rft.aulast=Perlove&rft.aufirst=Shelley+Karen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/75">p. 73</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/177">p. 175</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/87">p. 85</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler 1866, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/210/9/181.html">September 18</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarruthers1831" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Carruthers" title="James Carruthers">Carruthers, James</a> (1831). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OgT_Sx5r8nYC&pg=PA453"><i>The History of Scotland: During the Life of Queen Mary, and Until the Accession of Her Son James to the Crown of England</i></a>. Edinburgh. p. 453.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Scotland%3A+During+the+Life+of+Queen+Mary%2C+and+Until+the+Accession+of+Her+Son+James+to+the+Crown+of+England&rft.place=Edinburgh&rft.pages=453&rft.date=1831&rft.aulast=Carruthers&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOgT_Sx5r8nYC%26pg%3DPA453&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler 1866, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/210/6/211.html">June 21</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Butler 1866, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/210/3/231.html">March 23</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/168">p. 166</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lockyer 1975 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock/page/109">p. 107</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGermann1870" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Germann" title="Wilhelm Germann">Germann, Wilhelm</a> (1870). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uKBSAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA381"><i>Missionar Christian Friedrich Schwartz: sein Leben und Wirken aus Briefen des Halleschen Missionsarchivs</i></a> (in German). Erlangen: Andreas Deichert. p. 381. <q>In deine Hände befehle ich meinen Geist, du hast mich erlöset, du getreuer Gott!</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Missionar+Christian+Friedrich+Schwartz%3A+sein+Leben+und+Wirken+aus+Briefen+des+Halleschen+Missionsarchivs&rft.place=Erlangen&rft.pages=381&rft.pub=Andreas+Deichert&rft.date=1870&rft.aulast=Germann&rft.aufirst=Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuKBSAAAAcAAJ%26pg%3DPA381&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButler1866" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alban_Butler" title="Alban Butler">Butler, Alban</a> (1866). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bartleby.com/210/"><i>The Lives of the Saints</i></a>. Dublin: <a href="/wiki/James_Duffy_(Irish_publisher)" title="James Duffy (Irish publisher)">James Duffy</a> – via <a href="/wiki/Bartleby.com" title="Bartleby.com">Bartleby.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lives+of+the+Saints&rft.place=Dublin&rft.pub=James+Duffy&rft.date=1866&rft.aulast=Butler&rft.aufirst=Alban&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bartleby.com%2F210%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLockyer1975" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Lockyer" title="Herbert Lockyer">Lockyer, Herbert</a> (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lastwordsofsaint00lock"><i>Last words of saints and sinners</i></a></span>. Grand Rapids, Mich.: <a href="/wiki/Kregel_Publications" title="Kregel Publications">Kregel Publications</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-3102-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8254-3102-9"><bdi>978-0-8254-3102-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Last+words+of+saints+and+sinners&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Mich.&rft.pub=Kregel+Publications&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=978-0-8254-3102-9&rft.aulast=Lockyer&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flastwordsofsaint00lock&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sayings_of_Jesus_on_the_cross&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson-Berry1871" class="citation book cs1">Anderson-Berry, David (1871). <i>The Seven Sayings of Christ on the Cross</i>. Glasgow: Pickering & Inglis Publishers.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seven+Sayings+of+Christ+on+the+Cross&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pub=Pickering+%26+Inglis+Publishers&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Anderson-Berry&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnecht1910" class="citation book cs1">Knecht, Friedrich Justus (1910). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture/LXXVI. The Seven Last Words on the Cross and the Death of our Lord"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Practical_Commentary_on_Holy_Scripture/LXXVI._The_Seven_Last_Words_on_the_Cross_and_the_Death_of_our_Lord">"The Seven Last Words on the Cross and the Death of our Lord" </a></span>. <i>A Practical Commentary on Holy Scripture</i>. B. Herder.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Seven+Last+Words+on+the+Cross+and+the+Death+of+our+Lord&rft.btitle=A+Practical+Commentary+on+Holy+Scripture&rft.pub=B.+Herder&rft.date=1910&rft.aulast=Knecht&rft.aufirst=Friedrich+Justus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLong1966" class="citation book cs1">Long, Simon Peter (1966). <i>The Wounded Word: A Brief Meditation on the Seven Sayings of Christ on the Cross</i>. Baker Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Wounded+Word%3A+A+Brief+Meditation+on+the+Seven+Sayings+of+Christ+on+the+Cross&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=Long&rft.aufirst=Simon+Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPink2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Pink" title="Arthur Pink">Pink, Arthur</a> (2005). <i>The Seven Sayings of the Saviour on the Cross</i>. Baker Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8010-6573-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8010-6573-9"><bdi>0-8010-6573-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seven+Sayings+of+the+Saviour+on+the+Cross&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8010-6573-9&rft.aulast=Pink&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRutledge2004" class="citation book cs1">Rutledge, Fleming (2004). <i>The Seven Last Words From The Cross</i>. Eerdmans Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8028-2786-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-8028-2786-1"><bdi>0-8028-2786-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Seven+Last+Words+From+The+Cross&rft.pub=Eerdmans+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8028-2786-1&rft.aulast=Rutledge&rft.aufirst=Fleming&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASayings+of+Jesus+on+the+cross" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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Christ">Temptation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioning_of_the_Twelve_Apostles" title="Commissioning of the Twelve Apostles">Selecting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commission" title="Great Commission">Great Commission</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Jesus" title="Ministry of Jesus">Ministry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Mount" title="Sermon on the Mount">Sermon on the Mount</a>/<a href="/wiki/Sermon_on_the_Plain" title="Sermon on the Plain">Plain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatitudes" title="Beatitudes">Beatitudes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayers_of_Jesus" title="Prayers of Jesus">Prayers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lord%27s_Prayer" title="Lord's Prayer">Lord's Prayer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parables_of_Jesus" title="Parables of Jesus">Parables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miracles_of_Jesus" title="Miracles of Jesus">Miracles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus" title="Transfiguration of Jesus">Transfiguration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_of_Jesus" title="Homelessness of Jesus">Homelessness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Commandment" title="Great Commandment">Great Commandment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olivet_Discourse" title="Olivet Discourse">Olivet Discourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anointing_of_Jesus" title="Anointing of Jesus">Anointing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Passion_of_Jesus" title="Passion of Jesus">Passion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triumphal_entry_into_Jerusalem" title="Triumphal entry into Jerusalem">Entry into Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Last_Supper" title="Last Supper">Last Supper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Farewell_Discourse" title="Farewell Discourse">Farewell Discourse</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agony_in_the_Garden" title="Agony in the Garden">Agony in the Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiss_of_Judas" title="Kiss of Judas">Betrayal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arrest_of_Jesus" title="Arrest of Jesus">Arrest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin_trial_of_Jesus" title="Sanhedrin trial of Jesus">Trial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crucifixion_of_Jesus" title="Crucifixion of Jesus">Crucifixion</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Sayings on the cross</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burial_of_Jesus" title="Burial of Jesus">Burial</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Jesus" title="Tomb of Jesus">Tomb</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resurrection_of_Jesus" title="Resurrection of Jesus">Resurrection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascension_of_Jesus" title="Ascension of Jesus">Ascension</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel" title="Gospel">Gospels</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Mark" title="Gospel of Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_John" title="Gospel of John">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Discourses_of_Matthew" title="Five Discourses of Matthew">Five Discourses of Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_harmony" title="Gospel harmony">Gospel harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oral_gospel_traditions" title="Oral gospel traditions">Oral gospel traditions</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_background_of_the_New_Testament" title="Historical background of the New Testament">Historical background of the New Testament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Testament_places_associated_with_Jesus" title="New Testament places associated with Jesus">New Testament places associated with Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Names_and_titles_of_Jesus_in_the_New_Testament" title="Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament">Names and titles of Jesus in the New Testament</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_Jesus" title="Historicity of Jesus">Historicity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jesus" title="Historical Jesus">Historical Jesus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quest_for_the_historical_Jesus" title="Quest for the historical Jesus">Quest for the historical Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sources_for_the_historicity_of_Jesus" title="Sources for the historicity of Jesus">Sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Josephus_on_Jesus" title="Josephus on Jesus">Josephus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_on_Jesus" title="Tacitus on Jesus">Tacitus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mara_bar_Serapion_on_Jesus" title="Mara bar Serapion on Jesus">Mara bar Serapion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_reliability_of_the_Gospels" title="Historical reliability of the Gospels">Gospels</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_myth_theory" title="Christ myth theory">Christ myth theory</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Depiction_of_Jesus" title="Depiction of Jesus">Depictions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_Jesus" title="List of books about Jesus">Bibliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_Child" title="Christ Child">Christ Child</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_in_art" title="Life of Christ in art">Life of Christ in art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Life_of_Christ_Museum" title="Life of Christ Museum">Life of Christ Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_statues_of_Jesus" title="List of statues of Jesus">Statues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transfiguration_of_Jesus_in_Christian_art" title="Transfiguration of Jesus in Christian art">Transfiguration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Christianity" title="Jesus in Christianity">Christianity</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christ_(title)" title="Christ (title)">Christ</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_1st_century" title="Christianity in the 1st century">1st century</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology" title="Christology">Christology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Incarnation_(Christianity)" title="Incarnation (Christianity)">Incarnation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christology#Person_of_Christ" title="Christology">Person of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pre-existence_of_Christ" title="Pre-existence of Christ">Pre-existence</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relics_associated_with_Jesus" title="Relics associated with Jesus">Relics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Coming" title="Second Coming">Second Coming</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Session_of_Christ" title="Session of Christ">Session of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Son_of_God_(Christianity)" title="Son of God (Christianity)">Son of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Christ" title="Cosmic Christ">Cosmic Christ</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">In other faiths</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesuism" title="Jesuism">Jesuism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_comparative_mythology" title="Jesus in comparative mythology">In comparative mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_Jesus" title="Jewish views on Jesus">Judaism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_the_Talmud" title="Jesus in the Talmud">In the Talmud</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Islam</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Ahmadiyya_Islam" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus in Ahmadiyya Islam">Ahmadiyya</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_perspectives_on_Jesus#Baháʼí_Faith" title="Religious perspectives on Jesus">Baháʼí Faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Manichaeism</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Manichaeism" title="Jesus in Manichaeism">Jesus the Splendour</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Mandaeism" title="Jesus in Mandaeism">Mandaeism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Jesus" title="Master Jesus">Master Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary,_mother_of_Jesus" title="Mary, mother of Jesus">Mary</a> (mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> (legal father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Family" title="Holy Family">Holy Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius_Julius_Abdes_Pantera" title="Tiberius Julius Abdes Pantera">Panthera</a> (alleged father)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_of_Jesus" title="Brothers of Jesus">Brothers of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Kinship" title="Holy Kinship">Holy Kinship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Anne" title="Saint Anne">Anne</a> (traditional maternal grandmother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joachim" title="Joachim">Joachim</a> (traditional maternal grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli_(biblical_figure)" title="Heli (biblical figure)">Heli</a> (paternal grandfather per Luke)</li> <li>Jacob (paternal grandfather per Matthew)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_bloodline" title="Jesus bloodline">Descendants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clopas" title="Clopas">Clopas</a> (traditional uncle)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Language_of_Jesus" title="Language of Jesus">Language of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus%27s_interactions_with_women" title="Jesus's interactions with women">Interactions with women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary, sister of Martha</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Christmas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Easter" title="Easter">Easter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rejection_of_Jesus" title="Rejection of Jesus">Rejection of Jesus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Criticism_of_Jesus" title="Criticism of Jesus">Criticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_health_of_Jesus" title="Mental health of Jesus">Mental health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_appearance_of_Jesus" title="Race and appearance of Jesus">Race and appearance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_and_marital_status_of_Jesus" title="Sexuality and marital status of Jesus">Sexuality and marital status</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" 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