CINXE.COM
All Experts
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/content/dam/wbr-redesign/logos/wbg-favicon.png" type="image/png"/> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/> <meta charset="utf-8" /> <title>All Experts</title> <meta name="keywords" content=""/> <meta name="description" content=""/> <meta name="language" content="en"/> <meta property="og:title" content="All Experts"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="World Bank"/> <meta property="og:description" content=""/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="og:test" content="https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/share-logo/social-share.jpg"/> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpg" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="630" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/share-logo/social-share.jpg"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/all"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <meta name="twitter:site" content="World Bank"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="All Experts"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content=""/> <meta name="twitter:image:src" content="https://www.worldbank.org/content/dam/wbr/share-logo/social-share.jpg"/> <meta name="dcterms.title" content="All Experts" /> <meta name="dcterms.type" content="Text/HTML" /> <meta name="dcterms.identifier" content="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/all"/> <meta name="dcterms.language" content="en" /> <link rel="canonical" href='https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/all'/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/css/loop-icon.css" type="text/css"> <link href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans:300,300i,400,400i,600,600i,700,700i,800,800i&subset=cyrillic,cyrillic-ext,greek,greek-ext,latin-ext,vietnamese" rel='stylesheet' type='text/css'/> <link href="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/css/print.css" rel='stylesheet' type='text/css' media="print"> <script src="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script> <script src="/etc/designs/wbr/components/wbgajax.js"></script> <script src="//assets.adobedtm.com/223f6e2cf7c9/3eb6c9b72a93/launch-7bc0cdc67098.min.js" async></script> </head> <body> <div id="wbg-aem-target" class="wbg-aem-target"></div> <input type="hidden" name="wcmmode" class="WCMmode" value="DISABLED"> <div data-ajax-component-wbg data-url="/wbg/aem/service/liveeventservicespring" data-ajax-query-parameters='language=en&pageName=/wb-home/en/about/people/all' ></div> <link href="/etc/designs/wbr/clientlibs/css/home-banner.css" type="text/css" rel="stylesheet"> <script> function wb_survey_yes(url) { wb_note_setcookie('wb_note','1',1); $('#survey').hide(); window.open(url,'_blank'); } function wb_note_setcookie(cname, cvalue, exdays) { var d = new Date(); d.setTime(d.getTime() + (exdays*24*60*60*1000)); var expires = "expires="+d.toUTCString(); document.cookie = cname + "=" + cvalue + "; " + expires; } function wb_close() { document.getElementById('wb_banner').style.display = 'none'; wb_banner_setcookie("wb_banner","1",1); }; </script> <script>jQuery(document).ready(function($) { var wb_note = document.cookie.replace(/(?:(?:^|.*;\s*)wb_note\s*\=\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$/, '$1'); if(wb_note != 1) { $("#banner").show(); $('.delete_icon a').click(function() { wb_note_setcookie('wb_note','1',1); $('#banner').hide(); }); } });</script> <header> <a tabindex="0" id="skip-to-main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable" href="#main">Skip to Main Navigation</a> <div class="lp__navbar lp__navbar_default "> <div class="container"> <div class="nav-wrapper"> <nav id="nav" aria-expanded="false"> <div class="nav-hamburger" title="Hamburger"><button type="button" aria-controls="nav" aria-label="Open navigation" data-toggle="collapse" data-target="#menuItems" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="menuItems"><span class="nav-hamburger-icon collapsed"></span></button> </div> <div class="section nav-brand" data-section-status="loaded" style=""> <div class="default-content-wrapper"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/home" title="World Bank Logo"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1b9d836624bdfd028dfbe9f018f3f12e52326504c.svg?width=2000&format=webply&optimize=medium" media="(min-width: 600px)"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1b9d836624bdfd028dfbe9f018f3f12e52326504c.svg?width=750&format=webply&optimize=medium"> <source type="image/svg+xml" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1b9d836624bdfd028dfbe9f018f3f12e52326504c.svg?width=2000&format=svg&optimize=medium" media="(min-width: 600px)"> <img loading="lazy" alt="World Bank Logo" src="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1b9d836624bdfd028dfbe9f018f3f12e52326504c.svg?width=750&format=svg&optimize=medium" width="220" height="44"> </picture> </a></div> </div> <div class="section nav-sections" data-section-status="loaded" style=""> <div class="default-content-wrapper"> <p class="auto-image-container"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1309e5a58406d881f447945ab01ce4f6ceea52c3b.svg?width=2000&format=webply&optimize=medium" media="(min-width: 600px)"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1309e5a58406d881f447945ab01ce4f6ceea52c3b.svg?width=750&format=webply&optimize=medium"> <source type="image/svg+xml" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1309e5a58406d881f447945ab01ce4f6ceea52c3b.svg?width=2000&format=svg&optimize=medium" media="(min-width: 600px)"> <img loading="lazy" alt="Trending" src="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1309e5a58406d881f447945ab01ce4f6ceea52c3b.svg?width=750&format=svg&optimize=medium" width="15" height="11"> </picture> </p><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health/overview" target="_blank"> <p><span>Trending Data</span><span>Non-communicable diseases cause 70% of global deaths</span></p> </a> </div> <div class="nav-menu-overlay collapse" id="menuItems"> <div class="nav-menu " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="nav-menu-column left" style="display: flex;"> <ul role="menu"> <li tabindex="0" aria-expanded="true" class="selected"><span textcontent=""></span><a href="/ext/en/who-we-are">Who We Are</a></li> <li tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span textcontent=""></span><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/what-we-do">What We Do</a></li> <li tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span textcontent=""></span><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/where-we-work">Where We Work</a></li> <li tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span textcontent=""></span><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/understanding-poverty">How We Work</a></li> <li tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span textcontent=""></span><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/work-with-us">Work With Us</a></li> <li tabindex="0" aria-expanded="false"> <span textcontent=""></span><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news">News</a> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="nav-menu-column right" style="display: flex;"><button class="nav-menu-overlay-back" aria-label="go back" style="display: none;"></button> <p class="submenu-main-title" style="display: none;"><a></a></p> <ul id="submenu_0" class="submenu active" style="display: flex;" > <li class="" role="link">About the World Bank Group<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership">Organization<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners">Partners<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/archive/history">History<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/archive/home">Archives<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/statement/2021/11/11/world-bank-group-anti-racism-charter">Anti Racism Charter<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">Experts & Leaders<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://president.worldbankgroup.org/en/president">Office of the President<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/governors">Boards of Governors<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/directors">Board of Directors <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/leadership/managers">Leadership<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/people/all">Experts <span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">Accountability <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/annual-report">Annual Report<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/betterbank">Better Bank Initiative<span></span></a></li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/access-to-information">Access to Information<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://accountability.worldbank.org/en/home">Accountability Mechanism<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://scorecard.worldbank.org/en/scorecard/home">World Bank Group Scorecard<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/accountability/data-privacy">Data Privacy <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://financesapp.worldbank.org/summaries/ibrd-ida/#ibrd-net/">World Bank Group Finances<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/integrity-vice-presidency">Integrity Vice Presidency <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.inspectionpanel.org/">Inspection Panel <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services/grievance-redress-service">Grievance Redress Service <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://ieg.worldbankgroup.org/">Independent Evaluation Group <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.cao-ombudsman.org/">Compliance Advisor Ombudsman <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://policies.worldbank.org/en/policies?k=General%20Conditions%20for%20IBRD&type=published">Policies & Procedures <span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="footer" role="link"> Institutions<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/ibrd">IBRD<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://ida.worldbank.org/">IDA<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.ifc.org/">IFC<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.miga.org/">MIGA<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://icsid.worldbank.org/">ICSID<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul id="submenu_1" class="submenu" style="display: none;" > <li class="" role="link">Development Projects<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/projects-home?lang=en">Projects<span></span></a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-country">By Country<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-sector">By Sector<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/project-theme">By Theme<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/country-strategies">Country Engagement <span></span></a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/environmental-and-social-policies">Environmental & Social Policies for Projects <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/products-and-services1/Suppliers-Hub">Procurement for Projects & Programs<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/results">Results <span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">Products & Services<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/what-we-do/products-and-services">Financing Products & Advisory Services<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury">Treasury <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury/asset-management">Asset Management <span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">KNOWLEDGE <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://academy.worldbank.org/en/home">World Bank Group Academy <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/research">Research & Publications <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://data.worldbank.org/">Data<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://wbg.edcast.com/">Learning <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">Development Topics<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/home">Open Knowledge Repository <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/programs/trust-funds-and-programs">Trust Fund Directory <span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul id="submenu_2" class="submenu" style="display: none;" > <li class="" role="link">Regions<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/afr">Africa<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eap">East Asia and Pacific<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/eca">Europe & Central Asia<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/lac">Latin America & Caribbean <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/mena">Middle East & North Africa<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/region/sar">South Asia<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">Country Groups <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/where-we-work/eu">European Union<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mic">Middle Income Countries<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Organization of Eastern Caribbean States<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Pacific Islands<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/smallstates">Small States<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gcc">Gulf Cooperation Council <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/westerneurope">Western Europe<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <ul class="browse-country">Browse by Country<div> <input type="text" placeholder="Search by Country Name..." id="search-country" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="country dropdown" aria-expanded="false"> <!-- <p tabindex="0" aria-label="open dropdown" araia-label="close dropdown" style="transform: rotate(0deg);"> </p> --> <p type="button" class="lp__dropdown-toggle" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-label="country dropdown" aria-expanded="false"><span class="sr-only" aria-hidden="true">country dropdown</span></p> <ul class="country-list dropdown-menu"> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/afghanistan">Afghanistan</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/albania">Albania</a> <ul><li lang="sq"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/sq/country/albania">shqip</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/where-we-work/algeria">Algeria</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/algeria">Français</a></li> <li lang="ar"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/algeria">عربي</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/angola">Angola</a> <ul> <li lang="pt"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/angola">Português</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Antigua and Barbuda</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/argentina">Argentina</a> <ul> <li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/argentina">Español</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/armenia">Armenia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/australia">Australia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/austria">Austria</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gcc">Bahrain</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bangladesh">Bangladesh</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/belarus">Belarus</a> <ul> <li lang="ru"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/country/belarus">Русский</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/belgium">Belgium</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/belgium">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Belize</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/benin">Benin</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/benin">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bhutan">Bhutan</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bolivia">Bolivia</a> <ul> <li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/bolivia">Español</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bosniaandherzegovina">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/botswana">Botswana</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/brazil">Brazil</a> <ul> <li lang="pt"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/brazil">Português</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/bulgaria">Bulgaria</a> <ul> <li lang="bg"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/bg/country/bulgaria">Български</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/burkinafaso">Burkina Faso</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/burkinafaso">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/burundi">Burundi</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/burundi">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caboverde">Cabo Verde</a> <ul> <li lang="pt"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/caboverde">Português</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cambodia">Cambodia</a> <ul> <li lang="km"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/km/country/cambodia">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cameroon ">Cameroon</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/cameroon">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/canada">Canada</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/canada">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/centralafricanrepublic">Central African Republic</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/centralafricanrepublic">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/chad">Chad</a> <ul> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/chad">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/chile">Chile</a> <ul> <li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/chile">Español</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/china">China</a> <ul> <li lang="zh"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.shihang.org/zh/country/china">中文</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/colombia">Colombia</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/colombia">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/comoros">Comoros</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/comoros">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/drc">Democratic Republic of Congo</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/drc">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/congo">Republic of Congo </a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/congo">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/costarica">Costa Rica</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/costarica">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/cotedivoire">Cote d'Ivoire</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/cotedivoire">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/croatia">Croatia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eu">Czech Republic</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/denmark">Denmark</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/djibouti">Djibouti</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Dominica</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/dominicanrepublic">Dominican Republic</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/dominicanrepublic">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ecuador">Ecuador</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/ecuador">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/egypt">Egypt</a> <ul><li lang="ar"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/egypt">عربي</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/elsalvador">El Salvador</a> <ul><li lang="es"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/elsalvador">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/equatorialguinea">Equatorial Guinea</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eritrea">Eritrea</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/estonia">Estonia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/westerneurope">Europe (Western)</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Fiji</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/finland">Finland</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/france">France</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/france">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gabon">Gabon</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/gabon">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gambia">The Gambia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/georgia">Georgia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/germany">Germany</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ghana">Ghana</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/greece">Greece</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Grenada</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guatemala">Guatemala</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/guatemala">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guinea">Guinea</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/guinea">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guineabissau">Guinea-Bissau</a> <ul><li lang="pt"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/guineabissau">Português</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/guineabissau">Guyana</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/haiti">Haiti</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/haiti">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/honduras">Honduras</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/honduras">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eu">Hungary</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iceland">Iceland</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/india">India</a> <ul><li lang="hi"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/hi/country/india">Hindi</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/indonesia">Indonesia</a> <ul><li lang="in"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/in/country/indonesia">Bahasa</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iran">Iran</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/iraq">Iraq</a> <ul><li lang="ar"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/iraq">عربي</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/israel">Israel</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/italy">Italy</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/jamaica">Jamaica</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/japan">Japan</a> <ul><li lang="ja"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/ja/country/japan">日本語</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/jordan">Jordan</a> <ul><li lang="ar"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/jordan">عربي</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a> <ul><li lang="ru"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/country/kazakhstan">Русский</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kenya">Kenya</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Kiribati</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/korea">Korea</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kosovo">Kosovo</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gcc">Kuwait</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/kyrgyzrepublic">Kyrgyz Republic</a> <ul><li lang="ru"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/country/kyrgyzrepublic">Русский</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lao">Lao PDR</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/latvia">Latvia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lebanon">Lebanon</a> <ul><li lang="ar"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/lebanon">عربي</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lesotho">Lesotho</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/liberia">Liberia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/libya">Libya</a> <ul><li lang="ar"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/libya">عربي</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/lithuania">Lithuania</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/luxembourg">Luxembourg</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/luxembourg">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/northmacedonia">FYR of Macedonia</a> <ul><li lang="mk"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/mk/country/macedonia">македонски</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/madagascar">Madagascar</a> <ul><li lang="fr"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/madagascar">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/malawi">Malawi</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/malaysia">Malaysia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/maldives">Maldives</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mali">Mali</a> <ul><li lang="fr"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/mali">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Marshall Islands</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mauritania">Mauritania</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/mauritania">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mauritius">Mauritius</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/mauritius">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mexico">Mexico</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/mexico">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/moldova">Moldova</a> <ul><li lang="ro"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/ro/country/moldova">română</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mongolia">Mongolia</a> <ul><li lang="mn"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/mn/country/mongolia">Монгол</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/montenegro">Montenegro</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/morocco">Morocco</a> <ul> <li lang="ar"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/morocco">عربي</a></li> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/morocco">Français</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/mozambique">Mozambique</a> <ul><li lang="pt"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/mozambique">Português</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/myanmar">Myanmar</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/namibia">Namibia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nepal">Nepal</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/netherlands">Netherlands</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/nicaragua">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/niger">Niger</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/niger">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/nigeria">Nigeria</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/norway">Norway</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gcc">Oman</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pakistan">Pakistan</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Palau</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/panama">Panama</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/panama">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/png">Papua New Guinea</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/paraguay">Paraguay</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/paraguay">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/peru">Peru</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/peru">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/philippines">Philippines</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/poland">Poland</a> <ul><li lang="pl"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/pl/country/poland">Polski</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/portugal">Portugal</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gcc">Qatar</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/romania">Romania</a> <ul><li lang="ro"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/ro/country/romania">Română</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/russia">Russia</a> <ul><li lang="ru"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/country/russia">Русский</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/rwanda">Rwanda</a> <ul><li lang="fr"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/rwanda">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Samoa</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/saotome">Sao Tome and Principe</a> <ul><li lang="pt"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/pt/country/saotome">Português</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/senegal">Senegal</a> <ul><li lang="fr"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/senegal">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/serbia">Serbia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/seychelles">Seychelles</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/seychelles">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/sierraleone">Sierra Leone</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/singapore">Singapore</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eu">Slovak Republic</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eu">Slovenia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Solomon Islands</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/somalia">Somalia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/southafrica">South Africa</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/southsudan">South Sudan</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/spain">Spain</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/spain">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/srilanka">Sri Lanka</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">St. Kitts and Nevis</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">St. Lucia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">St. Vincent and Grenadines</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/sudan">Sudan</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Suriname</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/eswatini">Swaziland</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/sweden">Sweden</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/switzerland">Switzerland</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/syria">Syria</a> <ul><li lang="ar"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/syria">عربي</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tajikistan">Tajikistan</a> <ul><li lang="ru"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/country/tajikistan">Русский</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tanzania">Tanzania</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/thailand">Thailand</a> <ul><li lang="th"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/th/country/thailand">ภาษาไทย</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/timor-leste">Timor Leste (East Timor)</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/togo">Togo</a> <ul><li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/togo">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Tonga</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/caribbean">Trinidad and Tobago</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/tunisia">Tunisia</a> <ul><li lang="ar"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/tunisia">عربي</a></li> <li lang="fr"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/country/tunisia">Français</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkey">Turkey</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/turkmenistan">Turkmenistan</a> <ul><li lang="ru"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/country/turkmenistan">Русский</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Tuvalu</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uganda">Uganda</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/ukraine">Ukraine</a> <ul><li lang="uk"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/uk/country/ukraine">Yкраїнський</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/gcc">United Arab Emirates</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/unitedkingdom">United Kingdom</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/unitedstates">United States of America</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uruguay">Uruguay</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/uruguay">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a> <ul><li lang="ru"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/country/uzbekistan">Русский</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/pacificislands">Vanuatu</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/venezuela">Venezuela</a> <ul><li lang="es"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/country/venezuela">Español</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/vietnam">Vietnam</a> <ul><li lang="vi"><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/vi/country/vietnam">Tiẽng Việt</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/westbankandgaza">West Bank and Gaza</a> <ul><li lang="ar"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/westbankandgaza">عربي</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/yemen">Yemen</a> <ul><li lang="ar"> <a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/country/yemen">عربي</a></li></ul> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/zambia">Zambia</a> </li> <li><a class="dropdown-item" href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/country/zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a> </li> </ul> </div> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul id="submenu_3" class="submenu" style="display: none;" > <li class="" role="link">Data & Research<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://data.worldbank.org/">Open Data<span></span></a> <ul> <li class=""> <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/country">By Country<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""> <a href="https://data.worldbank.org/indicator">By Indicator<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="highlight-link"> <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/research">Research & Publications<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">DEVELOPMENT TOPICS <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/agriculture">Agriculture<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/climatechange">Climate<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/digital">Digital Transformation <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/education">Education <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/energy">Energy<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/gender">Gender<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/health">Health <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/poverty">Poverty<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/transport">Transport<span></span></a> </li> <li class="highlight-link"> <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic">All Development Topics<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul id="submenu_4" class="submenu" style="display: none;"> <li class="" role="link">FOR JOB SEEKERS <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/careers">Jobs<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/careers/programs-and-internships">Programs & Internships<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">FOR PARTNERS <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners">Partners<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/foundation-and-private-sector-partnerships">Corporate & Private Foundations<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners/the-world-bank-group-and-private-sector">Private Sector<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/corporate-procurement">Corporate Procurement<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/partners/civil-society">Civil Society <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://consultations.worldbank.org/en/consultations/home?map=1">Consultations<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/parliamentarians">Parliamentarians<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">FOR LEARNERS <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://wbg.edcast.com/">Open Learning Campus<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://academy.worldbank.org/en/home">World Bank Group Academy <span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">FOR INVESTORS <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury/ibrd">World Bank Bonds & Investment Products<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://treasury.worldbank.org/en/about/unit/treasury">Treasury<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.miga.org/">World Bank Group Guarantees<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">MEET US<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/events">Events<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://live.worldbank.org/en/home">World Bank Live<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/speakers-bureau">Speaker's Bureau <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/meetings/splash">Spring & Annual Meetings<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/contacts">Contacts & Inquiries<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> <ul id="submenu_5" class="submenu" style="display: none;"> <li class="" role="link">NEWS & UPDATES<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all?displayconttype_exact=Press+Release&lang_exact=English&qterm=">Press Releases<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all?qterm=&lang_exact=English&displayconttype_exact=Statement">Statements<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all?displayconttype_exact=Speeches+and+Transcripts&lang_exact=English&qterm=">Speeches & Transcripts<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all?displayconttype_exact=Opinion&lang_exact=English&qterm=">Opinions<span></span></a> </li> <li class="highlight-link"> <a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all">All News<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">EVENTS & RESOURCES<ul> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/events/all">Events<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://live.worldbank.org/en/home">World Bank Live <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all?qterm=&lang_exact=English&displayconttype_exact=Factsheet">Fact Sheets<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/results/all?lang_exact=English&displayconttype_exact=Results">Results<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="" role="link">STORIES & MULTIMEDIA <ul> <li class=""><a href="https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/home">Blogs<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/all?displayconttype_exact=Feature+Story&lang_exact=English&qterm=">Feature Stories<span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/news/immersive-story">Immersive Stories <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/news/multimedia/all">Multimedia <span></span></a> </li> <li class=""><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/news/multimedia/all?lang_exact=English&multimedia_class_exact=Podcast">Podcasts<span></span></a> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="section nav-tools" data-section-status="loaded" style=""> <div class="default-content-wrapper"> <span class="icon icon-search" role="button" data-toggle="dropdown" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Perform a search query" tabindex="0" title="Search" style="cursor: pointer;"><img data-icon-name="search" src="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/icons/search.svg" alt="" loading="lazy"></span> <div class="search-container dropdown-menu"> <div class="search-input-wrapper"> <div class="search-input-container"> <form name="hiddensearch" id="globalsearchId" method="get" style="display:none" aria-hidden="true"> <input id="global_search" type="hidden" name="q" title="searchtexthidden"> </form> <form role="search" class="input-group" name="search" onsubmit="return submit_search_form();" method="get"> <input type="search" onfocus="clearField(this)" placeholder="Search worldbank.org" class="search-input-field-1 global_search_form_desktop" id="search-input" name="qterm_test" autocomplete="off"> <button type="submit" title="Search" onclick="javascript:submit_search_form();" class="search-icon"><span class="sr-only" aria-hidden="true">Search button</span> </button> </form> <!-- <input type="search" id="search-input" name="myInput" placeholder="Search worldbank.org" autocomplete="off"> <img class="search-icon" src="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/icons/search-white.svg" alt="search"> --> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </header> <script> $(document).ready(function() { var activeLink =$(".lp__megamenu li" ).first().children("a").attr('href'); var url = window.location.href; if (typeof activeLink !== 'undefined'){ $(".lp__megamenu li").each(function(index, obj) { $(this).children("a").removeClass("active focus"); if ($(this).children("a").attr('href') == url){ $(this).children("a").addClass("active focus"); } }); } }); let navSections = document.querySelector(".nav-sections .default-content-wrapper"); if (navSections) { fetch("https://extdataportal.worldbank.org/api/ext/en/trending.json").then(res => res.json()).then(response => { if (response && response.hasOwnProperty("data")) { let trendingData = response["data"]; let trendingPage = trendingData[Math.floor(Math.random() * trendingData.length)]; let trendingText = navSections.querySelector("p span:nth-child(2)"); if (trendingText) { trendingText.innerHTML = trendingPage.Text; } let trendingLink = navSections.querySelector("a"); if (trendingLink) { trendingLink.setAttribute('href', trendingPage.Link); } } }).catch(err => console.log(err)); } </script> <div class="lang-toggler language_toggler parbase"><div class="breadcrumb-section breadcrumb_13" 123style=""> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <div class="page-title"> <ol class="breadcrumb_redesign"> <li><a class="l1-breadcrumb" href="/en/who-we-are">Who We Are</a></li> <li class="l1-breadcrumb hidden-sm hidden-xs">People</li></ol> </div> </div><!-- End Page Title --> <div class="col-lg-6 col-md-6 col-sm-6 col-xs-6"> <!--START: Mobile language switch --> <div class="lang-switch-mobile hidden-lg hidden-md"> <div class="page-langswitch " id="lang-click" style="cursor: pointer;"> <ul> <li><span>This page in:</span> <span class="dropdown-toggle" aria-expanded="false"> <span> EN</span> <span><!--<img src="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign/img/angle-down.svg" />--> <i class="icon icon-angle-down" style="cursor: pointer;"><span class="sr-only">dropdown</span></i> </span> </span> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="langswitch-dropdown float-right" id="lang-drop" style="display: none;"> <ul class="dropdown-menu-right"> <li><a href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/about/people/all">Español</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/about/people/all">Français</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/about/people/all">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/about/people/all">Русский</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.shihang.org/zh/about/people/all">中文</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <!--END: Mobile language switch --> <div class="lang-switch-desktop hidden-sm hidden-xs "> <!--START: desktop language switch --> <span class="page-in">This page in:<span class="space">_</span></span> <ul> <li class="in-else">English</li> <li class="in-else"><a href="https://www.bancomundial.org/es/about/people/all">Español</a></li> <li class="in-else"><a href="https://www.banquemondiale.org/fr/about/people/all">Français</a></li> <li class="in-else"><a href="https://www.albankaldawli.org/ar/about/people/all">العربية</a></li> <li class="in-else"><a href="https://www.vsemirnyjbank.org/ru/about/people/all">Русский</a></li> <li class="in-else"><a href="https://www.shihang.org/zh/about/people/all">中文</a></li> </ul> <li class="dropdown-link hidden"> <a id="dropdown-more-language" href="javascript:toggleMore('#more-language','#dropdown-more-language')"><span><!--<img src="../img/angle-down.svg" alt="dropdown" />--><i class="icon icon-angle-down" style="cursor: pointer;"><span class="sr-only">dropdown</span></i></span> </a> </li> </div> <!--END: desktop anguage switch --> </div><!-- End of lang toggler --> </div> </div> </div> <div class="clearix"></div> <script> $(document).ready(function() { var cuurpage = "/content/wb-home/en/about/people/all"; var pageLocale = "en"; var activeLink =$(".breadcrumb_redesign li" ).first().children("a").attr('href'); if (typeof activeLink !== 'undefined'){ $(".lp__megamenu li.lp__megamenu_list a, .lp__megamenu li.lp__megamenu_list").removeClass("active"); //adedd for D&R to Highlight menu if(cuurpage.indexOf('publication/documents-reports') !== -1 && (cuurpage.indexOf("http") !== -1 || cuurpage.indexOf("https") !== -1)){ activeLink = "/" + activeLink.split("/").slice(3).join("/"); }//end $(".lp__megamenu li.lp__megamenu_list").each(function(index, obj) { if ($(this).children("a").attr('href') == activeLink){ $(this).children("a").addClass("active"); } }); } var isCPF = "false"; var activeLink = ""; if (isCPF == "true" && typeof activeLink !== 'undefined'){ $(".lp__megamenu li.lp__megamenu_list a, .lp__megamenu li.lp__megamenu_list").removeClass("active"); $(".lp__megamenu li.lp__megamenu_list").each(function(index, obj) { if ($(this).children("a").text().toLowerCase().trim() == activeLink.toLowerCase().trim()) { $(this).addClass("active"); $(this).children("a").addClass("active"); } }); } var activeLink1 =$(".breadcrumb_redesign li" ).first().children("a").attr('href'); if (typeof activeLink1 !== 'undefined'){ $(".navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu>a, .navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu").removeClass("active"); //adedd for D&R to Highlight menu if(cuurpage.indexOf('publication/documents-reports') !== -1 && (cuurpage.indexOf("http") !== -1 || cuurpage.indexOf("https") !== -1)){ activeLink1 = "/" + activeLink1.split("/").slice(3).join("/"); }//end $(".navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu").each(function(index, obj) { if ($(this).children("a").attr('href') == activeLink1){ $(this).children("a").addClass("active"); } }); } if (isCPF == "true" && typeof activeLink !== 'undefined'){ $(".navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu>a, .navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu").removeClass("active"); $(".navbar-collapse>.navbar-nav>li.mega-menu").each(function(index, obj) { if ($(this).children("a").text().toLowerCase().trim() == activeLink.toLowerCase().trim()) { $(this).addClass("active"); $(this).children("a").addClass("active"); } }); } }); </script> </div> <div class="par parsys"><div class="custom_search section"> <head> </head> <body> <div class="angular_search"> <customsearch imagePath="/content/dam/wbr-redesign/logos/ajax.gif" i18nurl="/wbg/aem/service/i18nservice.html?" facetType="checkbox" pageTitle="All Experts" url="//search.worldbank.org/api/v2/people?format=json&fct=surname_AlphaBucket,first_name_AlphaBucket,unit_exact,topic_exact,admreg_exact,count_exact,subtopic_exact,job_title_exact,lang_spoken_exact,lang_exact&rows=20&apilang=en&lang_exact=English&srt=surname&order=asc&os=0&order=asc" locale='{"English":"en","Japanese":"ja","Spanish":"es","French":"fr","Russian":"ru","Arabic":"ar","Portuguese":"pt","Chinese":"zh","Romanian":"ro","Polish":"pl","Bulgarian":"bg","Turkish":"tr","Vietnamese":"vi","Thai":"th","Albanian":"sq","Indonesian":"id","Macedonian":"mk"}' everythingurl="https://search.worldbank.org/api/v2/everything?fct=status_exact,displayconttype_exact,docty_exact,country_exact,lang_exact&fl=url,cqpath,title,lang,wn_desc,master_recent_date,masterconttype&format=json&rows=20&src=cq55&masterregion_exact=East%20Asia%20and%20Pacific&lang_exact=English&apilang=en&apilang=en&" newsurl="https://search.worldbank.org/api/v2/news?format=json&rows=20&fct=displayconttype_exact,topic_exact,lang_exact,count_exact,countcode_exact,admreg_exact&src=cq55&apilang=en&lang_exact=English" searchIn="all_experts" search-box-text="" liveEvents="false" dateFormat="MMMM D, YYYY">Loading...</customsearch> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/custom_search_clientlibs.css" type="text/css"> <script src="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/custom_search_clientlibs.js"></script> </div> </body></div> </div> <footer class="footer-wrapper"> <div class="footer container" data-block-name="footer" data-block-status="loaded"> <section class="default-content-wrapper section bg-primary-blue-90"> <div class="ft-social"> <div class="ft-social-list"> <ul> <li><a href="/ext/en/home" title="World Bank"> <picture> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1540be393bca9ed1fbc89eaa862044ccb08019dd2.svg?width=2000&format=webply&optimize=medium" media="(min-width: 600px)"> <source type="image/webp" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1540be393bca9ed1fbc89eaa862044ccb08019dd2.svg?width=750&format=webply&optimize=medium"> <source type="image/svg+xml" srcset="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1540be393bca9ed1fbc89eaa862044ccb08019dd2.svg?width=2000&format=svg&optimize=medium" media="(min-width: 600px)"> <img loading="lazy" alt="World Bank" src="https://www.worldbank.org/ext/en/media_1540be393bca9ed1fbc89eaa862044ccb08019dd2.svg?width=750&format=svg&optimize=medium" width="250" height="50"> </picture> </a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ft-social-list"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/ibrd" title="IBRD">IBRD</a></li> <li><a href="https://ida.worldbank.org/en/home" title="IDA">IDA</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.ifc.org/en/home" title="IFC">IFC</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.miga.org/" title="MIGA">MIGA</a></li> <li><a href="https://icsid.worldbank.org/" title="ICSID">ICSID</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ft-social-list"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.facebook.com/worldbank" title="" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="facebook"><span class="icon icon-facebook"><svg width="10" height="20" viewBox="0 0 10 20" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M8.09489 3.21362H9.875V0.173047C9.56847 0.131958 8.51222 0.0385742 7.28239 0.0385742C4.71563 0.0385742 2.95767 1.62236 2.95767 4.5322V7.21045H0.125V10.6096H2.95767V19.1636H6.42926V10.6096H9.14744L9.57955 7.21045H6.42926V4.86838C6.42926 3.88599 6.69886 3.21362 8.09489 3.21362Z" fill="white"></path> </svg> </span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.whatsapp.com/channel/0029VaeLyAgAojYvg7Wbr91k" title="" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="whatsapp"><span class="icon icon-whatsapp"><svg width="20" height="21" viewBox="0 0 20 21" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g clip-path="url(#clip0_1971_10345)"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M10.1024 0.788574C4.72238 0.788574 0.360521 5.15043 0.360521 10.5315C0.360521 12.372 0.871258 14.0933 1.7581 15.5621L0 20.7886L5.39335 19.0616C6.78869 19.8327 8.39435 20.2734 10.1024 20.2734C15.4835 20.2734 19.8453 15.9115 19.8453 10.5304C19.8453 5.14932 15.4835 0.788574 10.1024 0.788574ZM10.1024 18.641C8.45555 18.641 6.92111 18.147 5.64037 17.3002L2.52365 18.2983L3.53622 15.2862C2.56482 13.9487 1.99177 12.3063 1.99177 10.5304C1.99288 6.05841 5.63036 2.41982 10.1024 2.41982C14.5744 2.41982 18.213 6.05841 18.213 10.5304C18.213 15.0024 14.5744 18.641 10.1024 18.641ZM14.6701 12.7447C14.4253 12.6112 13.2258 11.9636 13.001 11.8724C12.7762 11.7811 12.6115 11.7333 12.4369 11.9758C12.2622 12.2184 11.7637 12.7603 11.6134 12.9205C11.4621 13.0808 11.3163 13.0964 11.0715 12.9617C10.8279 12.8282 10.0367 12.5355 9.11761 11.6532C8.40325 10.9666 7.93479 10.1332 7.79904 9.87948C7.66329 9.62467 7.79904 9.49559 7.92701 9.37653C8.04273 9.2686 8.18627 9.09502 8.31646 8.95481C8.44553 8.81461 8.49115 8.71224 8.58017 8.54978C8.66919 8.38733 8.63358 8.24045 8.57572 8.1136C8.51786 7.98675 8.0661 6.74496 7.87805 6.23867C7.69 5.73349 7.47969 5.80805 7.33393 5.80248C7.18927 5.79803 7.02348 5.77021 6.85768 5.76465C6.69189 5.75797 6.42038 5.81027 6.18338 6.05062C5.94637 6.29097 5.28096 6.86847 5.23534 8.09246C5.18972 9.31534 6.0365 10.5315 6.15445 10.7018C6.27239 10.872 7.77123 13.5247 10.2615 14.6152C12.7529 15.7057 12.7651 15.373 13.2224 15.3485C13.6798 15.324 14.7157 14.8021 14.9449 14.2291C15.1741 13.656 15.1919 13.1587 15.1341 13.053C15.0762 12.9472 14.9127 12.8783 14.669 12.7447H14.6701Z" fill="white"></path> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_1971_10345"> <rect width="19.8453" height="20" fill="white" transform="translate(0 0.788574)"></rect> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> </span></a></li> <li><a href="https://x.com/worldbank" title="" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="twitter"><span class="icon icon-twitter"><svg width="15" height="16" viewBox="0 0 15 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <g clip-path="url(#clip0_1971_10349)"> <path d="M8.73532 7.14009L14.1989 0.788574H12.9036L8.15925 6.3035L4.37011 0.788574H0L5.73019 9.12762L0 15.7886H1.29525L6.30504 9.96421L10.307 15.7886H14.6771L8.7341 7.14009H8.73532ZM6.96184 9.201L6.38087 8.37052L1.76125 1.76338H3.75L7.47798 7.09606L8.05895 7.92654L12.9048 14.8578H10.9161L6.96184 9.20222V9.201Z" fill="white"></path> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_1971_10349"> <rect width="14.6771" height="15" fill="white" transform="translate(0 0.788574)"></rect> </clipPath> </defs> </svg> </span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/the-world-bank/" title="" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="linkedin"><span class="icon icon-linkedin"><svg width="16" height="16" viewBox="0 0 16 16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M15.1482 15.7853H12.0114V10.915C12.0114 9.75487 11.9918 8.25779 10.3809 8.25779C8.77004 8.25779 8.49557 9.5248 8.49557 10.8307V15.7853H5.35874V5.76913H8.3714V7.1366H8.41388C9.02817 6.09642 10.1685 5.47425 11.3841 5.51962C14.5634 5.51962 15.1482 7.5935 15.1482 10.2928V15.7886V15.7853ZM1.82001 4.39843C0.816881 4.39843 0 3.59156 0 2.5935C0 1.59544 0.813614 0.788574 1.82001 0.788574C2.82641 0.788574 3.64002 1.59544 3.64002 2.5935C3.64002 3.59156 2.82641 4.39843 1.82001 4.39843ZM3.38842 15.7853H0.248332V5.76913H3.38842V15.7886V15.7853Z" fill="white"></path> </svg> </span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.instagram.com/worldbank/" title="" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="instagram"><span class="icon icon-instagram"><svg width="17" height="19" viewBox="0 0 17 19" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M12.0096 0.788574H4.99045C2.23886 0.788574 0 3.00504 0 5.72912V13.1441C0 15.8685 2.23886 18.0846 4.99045 18.0846H12.0096C14.7615 18.0846 17 15.8682 17 13.1441V5.72912C17.0004 3.00504 14.7615 0.788574 12.0096 0.788574ZM15.7205 13.1441C15.7205 15.1698 14.0557 16.818 12.0096 16.818H4.99045C2.94427 16.818 1.27945 15.1698 1.27945 13.1441V5.72912C1.27945 3.7034 2.94427 2.05523 4.99045 2.05523H12.0096C14.0557 2.05523 15.7205 3.7034 15.7205 5.72912V13.1441ZM8.52284 4.81783C7.31419 4.78278 6.16319 5.23077 5.28151 6.07834C4.37721 6.94795 3.85864 8.16331 3.85864 9.41262C3.85864 11.9463 5.94095 14.0078 8.50021 14.0078C9.73588 14.0078 10.8964 13.5291 11.7671 12.6595C12.6265 11.8014 13.1144 10.6544 13.1414 9.4296C13.1695 8.14994 12.7721 7.03755 11.9912 6.21238C11.1675 5.34169 9.96797 4.85938 8.52284 4.81783ZM11.5777 9.39564C11.5397 11.1135 10.188 12.4593 8.49985 12.4593C6.81167 12.4593 5.42238 11.0926 5.42238 9.41262C5.42238 8.57914 5.76797 7.76879 6.3712 7.18929C6.92626 6.65567 7.64153 6.36448 8.39293 6.36448C8.42102 6.36448 8.44912 6.36484 8.47722 6.36556C9.49684 6.39483 10.3172 6.70806 10.8496 7.27094C11.3449 7.79444 11.5967 8.52929 11.5777 9.39564ZM14.3362 4.68778C14.3362 5.27958 13.8516 5.75934 13.2538 5.75934C12.656 5.75934 12.1714 5.27958 12.1714 4.68778C12.1714 4.09597 12.656 3.61621 13.2538 3.61621C13.8516 3.61621 14.3362 4.09597 14.3362 4.68778Z" fill="white"></path> </svg> </span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/WorldBank" title="" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="youtube"><span class="icon icon-youtube"><svg width="19" height="14" viewBox="0 0 19 14" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M18.6044 2.8445C18.3858 2.03645 17.7403 1.39717 16.923 1.18237C15.4395 0.788574 9.5 0.788574 9.5 0.788574C9.5 0.788574 3.56055 0.788574 2.07699 1.18237C1.25973 1.39717 0.614247 2.03645 0.395616 2.8445C0 4.30718 0 7.3655 0 7.3655C0 7.3655 0 10.4238 0.395616 11.8865C0.614247 12.6945 1.25973 13.3338 2.07699 13.5486C3.56055 13.9424 9.5 13.9424 9.5 13.9424C9.5 13.9424 15.4395 13.9424 16.923 13.5486C17.7403 13.3338 18.3858 12.6945 18.6044 11.8865C19 10.4238 19 7.3655 19 7.3655C19 7.3655 19 4.30718 18.6044 2.8445ZM7.55836 10.1425V4.58846L12.5244 7.3655L7.55836 10.1425Z" fill="white"></path> </svg> </span></a></li> <li><a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/worldbank/" title="" data-customlink="sm:footer" data-text="flickr"><span class="icon icon-flickr"><svg width="20" height="10" viewBox="0 0 20 10" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M4.42829 0.788574C1.98252 0.788574 0 2.7711 0 5.21687C0 7.66264 1.98252 9.64516 4.42829 9.64516C6.87406 9.64516 8.85659 7.66264 8.85659 5.21687C8.85659 2.7711 6.87406 0.788574 4.42829 0.788574ZM15.5711 0.788574C13.1254 0.788574 11.1428 2.7711 11.1428 5.21687C11.1428 7.66264 13.1254 9.64516 15.5711 9.64516C18.0169 9.64516 19.9994 7.66264 19.9994 5.21687C19.9994 2.7711 18.0169 0.788574 15.5711 0.788574Z" fill="white"></path> </svg> </span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ft-main"> <div class="ft-main-item"> <ul> <li><a href="/ext/en/who-we-are" title="Who We Are">Who We Are</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/news" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/careers" title="Careers">Careers</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/contacts" title="Contact">Contact</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ft-main-item"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/where-we-work" title="Countries">Countries</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic" title="Topics">Topics</a></li> <li><a href="https://projects.worldbank.org/en/projects-operations/projects-home?lang=en" title="Projects & Operations">Projects & Operations</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/research" title="Research & Publications">Research & Publications</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ft-main-item"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/events/all" title="Events">Events</a></li> <li><a href="https://data.worldbank.org/" title="Data">Data</a></li> <li><a href="https://academy.worldbank.org/en/home" title="Knowledge Academy">Knowledge Academy</a></li> <li><a href="https://scorecard.worldbank.org/en/scorecard/home" title="Results Scorecard">Results Scorecard</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="ft-main-item"> <ul> <li> <p><strong>STAY CURRENT</strong> WITH OUR LATEST DATA & INSIGHTS</p> </li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/newsletter-subscription" title="Sign Up" class="button" data-form="world bank group newsletters::newsletter">Sign Up</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="ft-legal"> <div class="ft-legal-list"> <ul> <li> <p>© 2025 World Bank Group. All Rights Reserved.</p> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="ft-legal-list"> <ul> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal" title="Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal/privacy-notice" title="Privacy Notice">Privacy Notice</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/who-we-are/site-accessibility" title="Site Accessibility">Site Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/access-to-information" title="Access to Information">Access to Information</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.worldbank.org/en/about/legal/scams" title="Scam Alert">Scam Alert</a></li> <li><a href="https://wbgcmsprod.microsoftcrmportals.com/en-US/anonymous-users/int-fraud-management/create-new-complaint/" title="Report Fraud or Corruption">Report Fraud or Corruption</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </section> </div> </footer> <!-- <div class="floating-bars"> <a class="btn btn-help-to-improve " href='https://blogs.worldbank.org/voices/bold-new-worldbankorg'>Welcome</a> <button type="button" class="btn btn-talk-to-help hidden-xs hidden-sm" data-toggle="modal" data-target="#squarespaceModal" id="feedbut1"> Feedback Survey</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-talk-to-help hidden-md hidden-lg" onclick="window.location='https://www.worldbank.org/en/home-page/feedback'" id="feedbut1"> Feedback Survey</button> </div>--> <script> $(function() { $('[data-ajax-component-banner]').each(function() { var $this = $(this), url = $this.data('url'), queryParams = $this.data('ajax-query-parameters'); url = url+"?"; if (queryParams) { url += queryParams; } $.get(url).success(function(data) { $this.replaceWith(data); }); }); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var appInsights=window.appInsights||function(a){ function b(a){c[a]=function(){var b=arguments;c.queue.push(function(){c[a].apply(c,b)})}}var c={config:a},d=document,e=window;setTimeout(function(){var b=d.createElement("script");b.src=a.url||"https://az416426.vo.msecnd.net/scripts/a/ai.0.js",d.getElementsByTagName("script")[0].parentNode.appendChild(b)});try{c.cookie=d.cookie}catch(a){}c.queue=[];for(var f=["Event","Exception","Metric","PageView","Trace","Dependency"];f.length;)b("track"+f.pop());if(b("setAuthenticatedUserContext"),b("clearAuthenticatedUserContext"),b("startTrackEvent"),b("stopTrackEvent"),b("startTrackPage"),b("stopTrackPage"),b("flush"),!a.disableExceptionTracking){f="onerror",b("_"+f);var g=e[f];e[f]=function(a,b,d,e,h){var i=g&&g(a,b,d,e,h);return!0!==i&&c["_"+f](a,b,d,e,h),i}}return c }({ instrumentationKey:"2ddee9f8-57ef-4c0e-8810-a2f743116654" }); window.appInsights=appInsights,appInsights.queue&&0===appInsights.queue.length&&appInsights.trackPageView(); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/etc/designs/wbg/clientlib/js/WebStatsUtil.js?q=nocache"></script> <script> var sFilters="",sSection=""; </script> <script> var wbgData = wbgData || {}; wbgData.page = { pageInfo: { pageName: "en:about:people:all", pageCategory: "search results", pageUid: "f05b3b69-628a-455d-a4dd-aa2c49e3731f", pageFirstPub: "10-25-2017", pageLastMod: "05-12-2023", contentType:"People", topicTag:"", hier1:"ecrcc~who we are~about~all experts", channel:"EXT About Us EXT", webpackage:"", }, sectionInfo: { siteSection: "who we are", subsectionP2:"about", subsectionP3:"all experts", subsectionP4:"", subsectionP5:"" } }, wbgData.site = { siteInfo: { siteLanguage: "en", siteCountry: "", siteEnv: "prod", userIpaddressType:"10.48.0.166", siteRegion:"", siteType:"main", }, techInfo: { cmsType: "AEM", bussVPUnit: "EXT", bussUnit: "ECRCC", bussUserGroup: "External", bussAgency: "ibrd" } } ,wbgData.siteSearch={ searchTerm:"", searchType: "CQSearch:basic ", searchResults:"0", searchPerformedOn:"CQSearch", section:sSection, sortBy:"date", pagination:"1", searchFilters:sFilters } </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var wbgDataOld = {}; wbgDataOld.page= { pageInfo: { pageName: "en:about>people>all", pageTitle:"All Experts", pageDate:"2017/11/17", hier1: "ecrcc~who we are~about~all experts", hier2: "wbg~en~english~who we are~about~all experts", server:"10.48.0.48", channel:"EXT About Us EXT" }, docInfo: { docAuthor: "",//Document author docDate:"",//Document date docRegion:"",//Region docCountry:"" }, teragramInfo: { teragramTopic:"", teragramKeyword:"" }, siteInfo: { siteSection:"who we are", subSection1:"who we are~about", subSection2:"who we are~about~all experts", subSection3:"who we are~about~all experts", siteLanguage:"English", siteRank:"1", contentType:"about" }, packageInfo:{ webpackage:"" }, searchInfo:{ searchType: "CQSearch:basic ", searchResults:"0", searchPerformedOn:"CQSearch" }, vpuInfo: { vpuLegacy:"EXT", vpu:"ECRCC" }, } var opsAanalytics ={ "projectId" :"NODATA", "upi":"NODATA", "pageName":"who we are", "tabName":"who we are", "serverDate":"", "clientDate":new Date().getTime(), "totalResponseTime":"", "pageUrl":(document.URL).replace("https://","").replace("http://",""), "userAgent" :navigator.userAgent, "server":"www.worldbank.org", "appId":"wbgext", "key1":"about", "key2":"all experts", "key3":"", "key4":"", "key5":"", "key6":"Anonymous", "key7":"", "key8":"", "key9":"", "key10":"" }; </script> <style> button.editMode { border: 0px; line-height: 16px; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; font-weight: 600; letter-spacing: 0.5px; font-size: 12px; padding: 10px 22px; position: fixed; right: 5%; float: right; background-color: #39beea; top: 64px; z-index: 1111; right: 98px; } </style> <script> function togglePreviewMode(){ var previewURL = window.location.href; previewURL = previewURL.replace("/content","/cf#/content"); previewURL = previewURL.replace("?wcmmode=disabled",""); window.open(previewURL, "_self"); } </script> <script src="/etc/designs/wbrrdesign/clientlibs-wbrredsign.js"></script> <div data-ajax-component-wbg data-url="/wbg/aem/service/ampopup" data-ajax-query-parameters='language=en&pageName=/wb-home/en/about/people/all' ></div> <script type="text/javascript">_satellite.pageBottom();</script> <div class="cloudservices servicecomponents"> </div> </body> </html>