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<li id="toc-Conversion_to_traffic_circle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conversion_to_traffic_circle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Conversion to traffic circle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conversion_to_traffic_circle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Alterations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Alterations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Alterations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Alterations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1990s_and_2000s_renovation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1990s_and_2000s_renovation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>1990s and 2000s renovation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1990s_and_2000s_renovation-sublist" 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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-North" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>North</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Northeast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Northeast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Northeast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Northeast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-South" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#South"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>South</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-South-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Southeast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Southeast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Southeast</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Southeast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-3,_4,_5,_and_6_Columbus_Circle" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#3,_4,_5,_and_6_Columbus_Circle"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.6</span> <span>3, 4, 5, and 6 Columbus Circle</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-3,_4,_5,_and_6_Columbus_Circle-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transportation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transportation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Transportation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transportation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cultural_significance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cultural_significance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Cultural significance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Cultural significance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Cultural_significance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Geographic_center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geographic_center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Geographic center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geographic_center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-As_a_center_for_soapbox_orators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#As_a_center_for_soapbox_orators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>As a center for soapbox orators</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-As_a_center_for_soapbox_orators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Columbus Circle</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 25 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-25" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">25 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3" title="دوار كولومبوس – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دوار كولومبوس" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D9%84%D9%88%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D8%B1%DA%A9%D9%84" title="کولومبوس سیرکل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کولومبوس سیرکل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle_(New_York)" title="Columbus Circle (New York) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Columbus Circle (New York)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%85%D8%A8%D9%88%D8%B3" title="میدان کلمبوس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="میدان کلمبوس" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%9C%EB%9F%BC%EB%B2%84%EC%8A%A4_%EC%84%9C%ED%81%B4" title="콜럼버스 서클 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콜럼버스 서클" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%9B%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%91%D7%95%D7%A1" title="כיכר קולומבוס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="כיכר קולומבוס" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle_(New_York)" title="Columbus Circle (New York) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Columbus Circle (New York)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B3%E3%83%AD%E3%83%B3%E3%83%90%E3%82%B9%E3%82%B5%E3%83%BC%E3%82%AF%E3%83%AB" title="コロンバスサークル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="コロンバスサークル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Колумбус-Серкл – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Колумбус-Серкл" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Columbus Circle" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B1%D1%83%D1%81-%D0%A1%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Колумбус-Серкл – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Колумбус-Серкл" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%93%A5%E5%80%AB%E5%B8%83%E5%9C%93%E7%92%B0" title="哥倫布圓環 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="哥倫布圓環" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q109968#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs 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.latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Columbus_Circle&params=40.769_N_73.982_W_type:city_region:US-NY_dim:3km"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°46′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°58′55″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.769°N 73.982°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.769; -73.982</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traffic circle in Manhattan, New York</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Columbus Circle (disambiguation)">Columbus Circle (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Neighborhood and intersection in New York City</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Columbus Circle</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manhattan_neighborhoods" title="List of Manhattan neighborhoods">Neighborhood and intersection</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Circle_in_New_York_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbus Circle in Manhattan"><img alt="Columbus Circle in Manhattan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Columbus_Circle_in_New_York_City.jpg/300px-Columbus_Circle_in_New_York_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Columbus_Circle_in_New_York_City.jpg/450px-Columbus_Circle_in_New_York_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Columbus_Circle_in_New_York_City.jpg/600px-Columbus_Circle_in_New_York_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="3600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Columbus Circle in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 300px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="300" data-height="200" data-zoom="12" data-overlays="["_dde6db813772c58fd19b0303f07016343a693928"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,300x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Columbus_Circle&revid=1245090877&groups=_dde6db813772c58fd19b0303f07016343a693928" width="300" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,12,a,a,300x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Columbus_Circle&revid=1245090877&groups=_dde6db813772c58fd19b0303f07016343a693928 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Columbus_Circle&params=40.769_N_73.982_W_type:city_region:US-NY_dim:3km"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°46′08″N</span> <span class="longitude">73°58′55″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.769°N 73.982°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.769; -73.982</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a4/Flag_of_the_United_States.svg/46px-Flag_of_the_United_States.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1235" data-file-height="650" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/U.S._state" title="U.S. state">State</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/23px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/35px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Flag_of_New_York.svg/46px-Flag_of_New_York.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="450" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">Borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Manhattan" title="Community boards of Manhattan">Community District</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_4" title="Manhattan Community Board 4">Manhattan 4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_7" title="Manhattan Community Board 7">Manhattan 7</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9205:00" title="UTC−05:00">UTC−05:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Time_Zone" title="Eastern Time Zone">Eastern</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%E2%88%9204:00" title="UTC−04:00">UTC−04:00</a> (EDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ZIP_Code" title="ZIP Code">ZIP Code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">10019</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbering_plan" title="Telephone numbering plan">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Area_codes_212,_646,_and_332" title="Area codes 212, 646, and 332">212, 332, 646</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Area_code_917" title="Area code 917">917</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan" title="List of numbered streets in Manhattan">Boundaries</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/61st_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="61st Street (Manhattan)">61st Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Ninth Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th Street</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh Avenue</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway services</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="1 (New York City Subway service)">1</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="A (New York City Subway service)">A</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="B (New York City Subway service)">B</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="C (New York City Subway service)">C</a></span>, and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="D (New York City Subway service)">D</a></span> trains at <a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle station</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Bus">Bus routes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M5_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M5 (New York City bus)">M5</a>, <a href="/wiki/M7_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M7 (New York City bus)">M7</a>, <a href="/wiki/M10_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M10 (New York City bus)">M10</a>, <a href="/wiki/M20_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M20 (New York City bus)">M20</a>, <a href="/wiki/M104_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M104 (New York City bus)">M104</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical features</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Monument_(New_York_City)" title="Columbus Monument (New York City)">Columbus Monument</a><br /><a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_National_Monument" title="USS Maine National Monument">USS <i>Maine</i> National Monument</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Columbus Circle</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Traffic_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic circle">traffic circle</a> and heavily trafficked intersection in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Borough_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Borough (New York City)">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, located at the intersection of <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth Avenue</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_South" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park South">Central Park South</a> (<a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">West 59th Street</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_West" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park West">Central Park West</a>, at the southwest corner of <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>. The circle is the <a href="/wiki/Kilometre_zero" title="Kilometre zero">point from which official highway distances from New York City are measured</a>, as well as the center of the 25 miles (40 km) restricted-travel area for <a href="/wiki/C-2_visa" title="C-2 visa">C-2 visa</a> holders. </p><p>The circle is named after the <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Monument_(New_York_City)" title="Columbus Monument (New York City)">monument</a> of <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a> in the center, which is listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>. The name is also used for the <a href="/wiki/List_of_Manhattan_neighborhoods" title="List of Manhattan neighborhoods">neighborhood</a> that surrounds the circle for a few blocks in each direction. <a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen,_Manhattan" title="Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan">Hell's Kitchen</a>, also known as Clinton, is located to the southwest, and the <a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">Theater District</a> is to the southeast and the <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a> section of the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> is to the northwest. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Traffic_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic circle">traffic circle</a>, located at <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth Avenue/Central Park West</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>, and <a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th Street/Central Park South</a>, was designed as part of <a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a>'s 1857 vision for Central Park, which included a rotary on the southwest corner of the park. It abuts the Merchant's Gate, one of the park's eighteen major gates. Similar plazas were planned at the southeast corner of the park (now <a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plaza</a>), the northeast corner (<a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Circle" title="Duke Ellington Circle">Duke Ellington Circle</a>), and the northwest corner (<a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass Circle</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-Heckscher_2008_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heckscher_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clearing of the land area for the circle started in 1868.<sup id="cite_ref-Minutes_1869_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minutes_1869-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bruner_Foundation_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruner_Foundation-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The actual circle was approved two years later.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruner_Foundation_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruner_Foundation-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Monument_(New_York_City)" title="Columbus Monument (New York City)">Columbus Monument</a> was placed at the center of the circle in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt18921013_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt18921013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyh18921013_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyh18921013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._287_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._287-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Columbus Circle was originally known generically as "The Circle".<sup id="cite_ref-Minutes_1869_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Minutes_1869-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Heckscher_2008_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heckscher_2008-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An 1871 account of the park referred to the roundabout as a "grand circle".<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 1892 installation of the Columbus Column in the circle's center, it became known as "Columbus Circle",<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._287_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._287-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although its other names were also used through the 1900s.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19020105_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19020105-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:408px;max-width:408px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction.jpeg/200px-Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction.jpeg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction.jpeg/300px-Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction.jpeg/400px-Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="733" data-file-height="576" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Columbus Circle during construction of the <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_the_IRT_subway" title="Early history of the IRT subway">original subway</a> in 1900</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction_1901.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction_1901.jpg/200px-Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction_1901.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction_1901.jpg/300px-Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction_1901.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction_1901.jpg/400px-Columbus_Circle_Subway_construction_1901.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2815" data-file-height="2213" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">Subway construction under the Columbus monument in 1901</div></div></div></div></div> <p>By 1901, construction on the <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_the_IRT_subway" title="Early history of the IRT subway">first subway line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Interborough_Rapid_Transit_Company" title="Interborough Rapid Transit Company">Interborough Rapid Transit Company</a> (now the <a href="/wiki/IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line" title="IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line">IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line</a>, used by the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="1 (New York City Subway service)">1</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="2 (New York City Subway service)">2</a></span>, and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/3_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="3 (New York City Subway service)">3</a></span> trains) required the excavation of the circle, and the column and streetcar tracks through the area were put on temporary wooden stilts. As part of the subway line's construction, the <a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a> station was built underneath the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._288_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._288-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During construction, traffic in the circle was so dangerous that the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Art_Society" title="Municipal Art Society">Municipal Art Society</a> proposed redesigning the roundabout.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19020105_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19020105-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By February 1904, the station underneath was largely complete,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and service on the subway line began on October 27, 1904. The station only served local trains; express trains bypassed the station.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The platforms of the IRT subway station were lengthened in 1957–1959, requiring further excavations around Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An additional subway line—the <a href="/wiki/Independent_Subway_System" title="Independent Subway System">Independent Subway System</a> (IND)'s <a href="/wiki/IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line" title="IND Eighth Avenue Line">Eighth Avenue Line</a>, serving the present-day <span class="nowrap">A</span>, <span class="nowrap">B</span>, <span class="nowrap">C</span>, and <span class="nowrap">D</span> trains—was built starting in 1925. At Columbus Circle, workers had to be careful to not disrupt the existing IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line or Columbus Circle overhead.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Columbus monument was shored up during construction, and obstructions to traffic were minimized.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The line, which opened in 1932, contains a 4-track, 3-platform express station at <a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" class="mw-redirect" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a>, underneath the original IRT station.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The IND station were designed as a single transit hub under Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Conversion_to_traffic_circle">Conversion to traffic circle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conversion to traffic circle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Circle_rotary_plan,_William_Phelps_Eno,_Street_Traffic_Regulation,_page_28,_published_1909.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Columbus_Circle_rotary_plan%2C_William_Phelps_Eno%2C_Street_Traffic_Regulation%2C_page_28%2C_published_1909.jpg/220px-Columbus_Circle_rotary_plan%2C_William_Phelps_Eno%2C_Street_Traffic_Regulation%2C_page_28%2C_published_1909.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="319" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Columbus_Circle_rotary_plan%2C_William_Phelps_Eno%2C_Street_Traffic_Regulation%2C_page_28%2C_published_1909.jpg/330px-Columbus_Circle_rotary_plan%2C_William_Phelps_Eno%2C_Street_Traffic_Regulation%2C_page_28%2C_published_1909.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Columbus_Circle_rotary_plan%2C_William_Phelps_Eno%2C_Street_Traffic_Regulation%2C_page_28%2C_published_1909.jpg/440px-Columbus_Circle_rotary_plan%2C_William_Phelps_Eno%2C_Street_Traffic_Regulation%2C_page_28%2C_published_1909.jpg 2x" data-file-width="544" data-file-height="789" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Phelps_Eno" title="William Phelps Eno">William Phelps Eno</a>'s second Columbus Circle plans, developed in 1909</figcaption></figure> <p>In November 1904, due to the high speeds of cars passing through the circle, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Police_Department" title="New York City Police Department">New York City Police Department</a> added tightly spaced electric lights on the inner side of the circle, surrounding the column.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The circle was altered in 1905 by <a href="/wiki/William_Phelps_Eno" title="William Phelps Eno">William Phelps Eno</a>, a businessman who pioneered many early innovations in <a href="/wiki/Road_safety" class="mw-redirect" title="Road safety">road safety</a> and traffic control.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Petroski2016_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petroski2016-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1920 book, Eno writes that prior to the implementation of his plan, traffic went around the circle in both directions, causing accidents almost daily. The 1905 plan, which he regarded as temporary, created a counterclockwise traffic pattern with a "safety zone" in the center of the circle for cars stopping; however, the circle was too narrow for the normal flow of traffic. Eno also wrote of a permanent plan, with the safety zones on the outside as well as clearly delineated <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_crossing" title="Pedestrian crossing">pedestrian crossings</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The redesign marked the first true <a href="/wiki/One-way_traffic" title="One-way traffic">one-way</a> <a href="/wiki/Traffic_circle" class="mw-redirect" title="Traffic circle">traffic circle</a> to be constructed anywhere, implementing the <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_H%C3%A9nard#Improved_intersections" title="Eugène Hénard">ideas of Eugène Hénard</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Petroski2016_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Petroski2016-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this second scheme, the public space within the circle, around the monument, was almost as small as the monument's base.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20050804-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The rotary traffic plan was not successful. A <i>New York Times</i> article in June 1929 stated that the "Christopher Columbus [monument] is safe and serene, but he's the only thing in the Circle that is."<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficMaze-1929_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficMaze-1929-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time, there were eight entrance and exit points to Columbus Circle: two each from 59th Street/Central Park South, to the west and east; Broadway, to the northwest and southeast; Eighth Avenue/Central Park West, to the south and north; and within Central Park to the northeast.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moreover, streetcars on the former three streets did not go counterclockwise around the rotary, but rather, both tracks of all three streetcar routes went around one side of the monument, creating frequent conflicts between streetcars and automobiles using the rotary in opposite directions. The police officers patrolling the circle had to manage the 58,000 cars that entered Columbus Circle every 12 hours.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficMaze-1929_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficMaze-1929-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As part of a plan to reorganize traffic in the "Columbus-Central Park Zone", Eno's circular-traffic plan was abolished in November 1929, and traffic was allowed to go around the circle in both directions.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20050804-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Central Park West, a one-way street that formerly carried southbound traffic into the circle, was now one-way northbound.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The bidirectional entrance roads into Central Park, which fed into northbound and eastbound <a href="/wiki/West_Drive" class="mw-redirect" title="West Drive">West Drive</a>, were both changed to one-way streets because West Drive had been changed from bidirectional to one-way southbound and eastbound.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Traffic going straight through Columbus Circle was forced to go around the left side of the monument, while any traffic making turns from the circle had to go counterclockwise around the rotary using the right side.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Alterations">Alterations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Alterations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_k%C3%B6rforgalom,_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Central_Park_street,_a_k%C3%A9p_a_Broadway_fel%C5%91l_n%C3%A9zve_k%C3%A9sz%C3%BClt._Fortepan_16918.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Columbus_k%C3%B6rforgalom%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Central_Park_street%2C_a_k%C3%A9p_a_Broadway_fel%C5%91l_n%C3%A9zve_k%C3%A9sz%C3%BClt._Fortepan_16918.jpg/220px-Columbus_k%C3%B6rforgalom%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Central_Park_street%2C_a_k%C3%A9p_a_Broadway_fel%C5%91l_n%C3%A9zve_k%C3%A9sz%C3%BClt._Fortepan_16918.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Columbus_k%C3%B6rforgalom%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Central_Park_street%2C_a_k%C3%A9p_a_Broadway_fel%C5%91l_n%C3%A9zve_k%C3%A9sz%C3%BClt._Fortepan_16918.jpg/330px-Columbus_k%C3%B6rforgalom%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Central_Park_street%2C_a_k%C3%A9p_a_Broadway_fel%C5%91l_n%C3%A9zve_k%C3%A9sz%C3%BClt._Fortepan_16918.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Columbus_k%C3%B6rforgalom%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Central_Park_street%2C_a_k%C3%A9p_a_Broadway_fel%C5%91l_n%C3%A9zve_k%C3%A9sz%C3%BClt._Fortepan_16918.jpg/440px-Columbus_k%C3%B6rforgalom%2C_h%C3%A1tt%C3%A9rben_a_Central_Park_street%2C_a_k%C3%A9p_a_Broadway_fel%C5%91l_n%C3%A9zve_k%C3%A9sz%C3%BClt._Fortepan_16918.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2554" data-file-height="1577" /></a><figcaption>Columbus Circle in 1939</figcaption></figure> <p>The bidirectional traffic pattern through Columbus Circle failed to eliminate congestion. In 1941, engineers with the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Parks Department</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Borough_President" class="mw-redirect" title="Manhattan Borough President">Manhattan Borough President</a>'s office formed a tentative agreement to redesign Columbus Circle yet again. "Local" and "express" lanes would segregate north–south traffic passing within the circle. Local north–south traffic and all east–west traffic would go around the circle's perimeter in a counterclockwise direction, along a 45-foot-long (14 m) roadway.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Through north–south traffic on Broadway, Eighth Avenue, and Central Park West would use two 71-foot-wide (22 m) divided roadways with 5-foot-wide (1.5 m) landscaped medians, running in <a href="/wiki/Chord_(geometry)" title="Chord (geometry)">chords</a> on either side of the Columbus monument. Traffic from southbound Broadway and northbound Eighth Avenue would use the western chord, and northbound Broadway and southbound Central Park West would use the eastern chord.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center of the circle would be refurbished with a tree-lined plaza, and pedestrian traffic from the north and south would be able to pass through the center of the circle. The exit into Columbus Circle from West Drive would be eliminated, and the entrance to West Drive would be relocated.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a related development, the 59th Street trolley route's tracks would be removed. This was crucial to the reorganization of the circle, as the trolley had already been discontinued.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The proposed reorganization of Columbus Circle was widely praised by civic groups and city officials.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19410510_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19410510-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On the other hand, William Phelps Eno advocated for a return to his original 1905 proposal.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the plan still had some issues, the largest of which was that traffic traveling on Broadway in either direction would be routed onto Eighth Avenue or Central Park West, and vice versa.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The reconfiguration of the circle was deferred due to <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingraham_1949_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1949-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The trolley routes that ran through Columbus Circle were discontinued in 1946, but the bus routes that replaced the trolley lines took the same convoluted paths through the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingraham_1949_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1949-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In June 1949, it was announced that the reconstruction of Columbus Circle would finally begin.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work on removing the abandoned trolley tracks commenced in August.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPuzzle-1949_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficPuzzle-1949-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In conjunction with Columbus Circle's rehabilitation, the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Transportation" title="New York City Department of Transportation">New York City Department of Transportation</a> designed a variable traffic light system for the circle. The project was originally set to be complete by November 1949 at a cost of $100,000.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPuzzle-1949_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficPuzzle-1949-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, delays arose due to the need to maintain traffic flows through the circle during construction.<sup id="cite_ref-Ingraham_1949_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ingraham_1949-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project was ultimately completed that December.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The entirety of Eighth Avenue south of Columbus Circle was converted to northbound-only traffic in 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1956, in preparation for the opening of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Coliseum" title="New York Coliseum">New York Coliseum</a> on Columbus Circle's west side, traffic on Central Park West and Broadway was rearranged. Central Park West was made northbound-only for a short segment north of the circle, and two blocks of Broadway south of the circle were converted to southbound-only. A new northbound roadway was cut through the southern tip of the center traffic island that contained the statue, from Eighth Avenue to the eastern chord. At the same time, the eastern chord was converted to northbound-only.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1990s_and_2000s_renovation">1990s and 2000s renovation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 1990s and 2000s renovation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the late 20th century, it was regarded as one of the most inhospitable of the city's major intersections, as the interior circle was being used for motorcycle parking, and the circle as a whole was hard for pedestrians to cross. In 1979, noted architecture critic <a href="/wiki/Paul_Goldberger" title="Paul Goldberger">Paul Goldberger</a> said that the intersection was "a chaotic jumble of streets that can be crossed in about 50 different ways—all of them wrong."<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20050804-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1987, the city awarded a $20 million contract to <a href="/wiki/Olin_Partnership" class="mw-redirect" title="Olin Partnership">Olin Partnership</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vollmer_Associates&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vollmer Associates (page does not exist)">Vollmer Associates</a> to create a new design for the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20050804-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The circle was refurbished in 1991–1992 as part of the 500th-anniversary celebration of Columbus's arrival in the Americas.<sup id="cite_ref-Sun-Columbus-2005_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun-Columbus-2005-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._288_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._288-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1998, as a result of the study, the circular-traffic plan was reinstated, with all traffic going around the circle in a counterclockwise direction. The center of the circle was planned for further renovations, with a proposed park 200 feet (61 m) across.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design for a full renovation of the circle was finalized in 2001.<sup id="cite_ref-ASLA_2006_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASLA_2006-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The project started in 2003, and was completed in 2005. It included a new water fountain by <a href="/wiki/WET_(company)" title="WET (company)">Water Entertainment Technologies</a>, who also designed the <a href="/wiki/Bellagio_(hotel_and_casino)#Fountains_of_Bellagio" class="mw-redirect" title="Bellagio (hotel and casino)">Fountains of Bellagio</a>; benches made of <a href="/wiki/Ipe_wood" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipe wood">ipe wood</a>; and plantings encircling the monument.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20050804-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Sun-Columbus-2005_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sun-Columbus-2005-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The fountain, the main part of the reconstructed circle, contains 99 jets that periodically change in force and speed, with effects ranging between "swollen river, a rushing brook, a driving rain or a gentle shower".<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20050804-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The inner circle is about 36,000 square feet (3,300 m<sup>2</sup>), while the outer circle is around 148,000 square feet (13,700 m<sup>2</sup>). The redesign was the recipient of the 2006 <a href="/wiki/American_Society_of_Landscape_Architects" title="American Society of Landscape Architects">American Society of Landscape Architects</a>' General Design Award Of Honor.<sup id="cite_ref-ASLA_2006_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ASLA_2006-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007 Columbus Circle was awarded the <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Bruner_Award_for_Urban_Excellence" title="Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence">Rudy Bruner Award for Urban Excellence</a> silver medal.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruner_Foundation_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruner_Foundation-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monument">Monument</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Monument"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Monument_(New_York_City)" title="Columbus Monument (New York City)">Columbus Monument (New York City)</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Circle_-_Statue.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Columbus_Circle_-_Statue.JPG/220px-Columbus_Circle_-_Statue.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="533" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Columbus_Circle_-_Statue.JPG/330px-Columbus_Circle_-_Statue.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/75/Columbus_Circle_-_Statue.JPG/440px-Columbus_Circle_-_Statue.JPG 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="1280" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Monument_(New_York_City)" title="Columbus Monument (New York City)">Columbus Monument</a> on Columbus Circle in September 2006</figcaption></figure> <p>The Columbus Monument, a 76-foot (23 m) column installed at the center of Columbus Circle, consists of a 14-foot (4.3 m) <a href="/wiki/Marble" title="Marble">marble</a> statue of Columbus atop a 27.5-foot (8.4 m) <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> <a href="/wiki/Rostral_column" title="Rostral column">rostral column</a><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on a four-stepped granite <a href="/wiki/Pedestal" title="Pedestal">pedestal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Created by Italian sculptor Gaetano Russo,<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the monument was installed at the center of the circle in 1892.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt18921013_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt18921013-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyh18921013_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyh18921013-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._287_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._287-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is listed on the <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Register of Historic Places</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Neighborhood">Neighborhood</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Neighborhood"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The five streets radiating from the circle separate the immediate surrounding area into five distinct portions.<sup id="cite_ref-MTAMaps-2015_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTAMaps-2015-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-google-maps_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-maps-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early 20th century, much of the development around Columbus Circle was spurred by magazine publisher <a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst" title="William Randolph Hearst">William Randolph Hearst</a>, who acquired several plots before he ultimately erected the <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Magazine_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Hearst Magazine Building">Hearst Magazine Building</a> at Eighth Avenue and 57th Street in 1928.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1625-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Stern_(1987)_p._619_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1987)_p._619-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hearst had envisioned the creation of a large Midtown headquarters for his company near Columbus Circle, in the belief that the area would become the city's next large entertainment district.<sup id="cite_ref-Stern_(1987)_p._619_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1987)_p._619-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the late 1920s, Hearst was acquiring large amounts of land in the area in an effort to create a "Hearst Plaza" near Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1625-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swanberg1961_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanberg1961-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hearst Magazine Building, later expanded into the <a href="/wiki/Hearst_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Hearst Tower (Manhattan)">Hearst Tower</a>, is the only remnant of this scheme, the other parts of the proposal having collapsed in the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1625-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 5">: 5 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Swanberg1961_58-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Swanberg1961-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 484–485">: 484–485 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="West">West</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ColumbusCirclefromTimeWarnerCenterNYC20050807.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ColumbusCirclefromTimeWarnerCenterNYC20050807.jpg/220px-ColumbusCirclefromTimeWarnerCenterNYC20050807.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ColumbusCirclefromTimeWarnerCenterNYC20050807.jpg/330px-ColumbusCirclefromTimeWarnerCenterNYC20050807.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/ColumbusCirclefromTimeWarnerCenterNYC20050807.jpg/440px-ColumbusCirclefromTimeWarnerCenterNYC20050807.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Columbus Circle looking east toward <a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">Central Park South</a> from <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center" title="Deutsche Bank Center">Deutsche Bank Center</a></figcaption></figure> <p>To the west of the circle is a superblock spanning two streets, bounded by Broadway, 60th Street, Ninth Avenue, 58th Street, and Eighth Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-MTAMaps-2015_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTAMaps-2015-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The superblock was formerly two separate blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._914_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._914-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1901 the first theatre built in the Columbus Circle area, the <a href="/wiki/Circle_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Circle Theatre (Broadway)">Circle Theatre</a>, was built.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1902 to 1954, the <a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theatre_(Columbus_Circle)" class="mw-redirect" title="Majestic Theatre (Columbus Circle)">Majestic Theatre</a> occupied the more southerly of the two blocks.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a> closed and eliminated that block of 59th Street during the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Coliseum" title="New York Coliseum">New York Coliseum</a>'s construction from 1954 to 1956.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._914_59-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._914-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The construction project, in turn, was the culmination of an effort to remove <a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Hill,_Manhattan" title="San Juan Hill, Manhattan">San Juan Hill</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slum</a> that had been located at the site.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until the <a href="/wiki/Jacob_K._Javits_Convention_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacob K. Javits Convention Center">Jacob K. Javits Convention Center</a> was built in <a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen,_Manhattan" title="Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan">Hell's Kitchen</a> in the 1980s, the Coliseum was the primary event venue for New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._914_59-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._914-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1985, there were plans to replace the Coliseum,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and after a series of delays, the Coliseum was demolished in 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2003,<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._310_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._310-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the site has been occupied by <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center" title="Deutsche Bank Center">Deutsche Bank Center</a> (originally Time Warner Center).<sup id="cite_ref-Real_Estate_Weekly_2021_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Real_Estate_Weekly_2021-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The center consists of a pair of 750-foot (230 m) towers 53 stories high.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobs_2009_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobs_2009-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The complex also hosts the <a href="/wiki/The_Shops_at_Columbus_Circle" title="The Shops at Columbus Circle">Shops at Columbus Circle</a> mall, <a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center" title="Jazz at Lincoln Center">Jazz at Lincoln Center</a>, the New York City studio headquarters of <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Mandarin_Oriental,_New_York" title="Mandarin Oriental, New York">Mandarin Oriental, New York</a> hotel.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Jacobs_2009_69-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobs_2009-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mall inside the complex includes prestigious restaurants in the center such as Bad Roman,<sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Per_Se_(restaurant)" title="Per Se (restaurant)">Per Se</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Masa_(restaurant)" title="Masa (restaurant)">Masa</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North">North</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: North"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The north side of Columbus Circle is bounded by Broadway, Central Park West, and 61st Street.<sup id="cite_ref-MTAMaps-2015_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MTAMaps-2015-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1911, Hearst bought this city block.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19110629_55-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19110629-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The plot was developed with a three-story building by 1914, designed by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charles_E._Birge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charles E. Birge (page does not exist)">Charles E. Birge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its superstructure was designed to support the weight of a 30-story tower that was never built.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1625-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup> </p><p>The 44-story Gulf and Western Building (later the <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)">Trump International Hotel and Tower</a>) was completed on the site in 1969<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 1970.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19930131_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19930131-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It served in this capacity until the conglomerate filed for bankruptcy in 1991.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19930131_78-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19930131-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1994, <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> announced his plans to convert the building into a mixed-purpose hotel and condominium tower.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Renovations started in 1995,<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were completed by 1997.<sup id="cite_ref-Jackson_p._288_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jackson_p._288-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building was stripped to its steel skeleton and reclad in a new facade, becoming the Trump International Hotel and Tower.<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobs_2009_69-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobs_2009-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The steel <a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle_globe" title="Columbus Circle globe">globe</a> outside the building was installed in this renovation.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Northeast">Northeast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Northeast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On the northeast lies the Merchant's Gate to <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a>, dominated by the <a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_National_Monument" title="USS Maine National Monument">USS <i>Maine</i> National Monument</a>. The USS <i>Maine</i> monument was designed by <a href="/wiki/Harold_Van_Buren_Magonigle" title="Harold Van Buren Magonigle">Harold Van Buren Magonigle</a> and sculpted by <a href="/wiki/Attilio_Piccirilli" title="Attilio Piccirilli">Attilio Piccirilli</a>, who did the colossal group and figures, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Keck" title="Charles Keck">Charles Keck</a>, who was responsible for the "In Memoriam" plaque. An imposing <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts</a> edifice of marble and gilded bronze,<sup id="cite_ref-NYCParks-Maine_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCParks-Maine-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was dedicated in 1913 and was funded by Hearst.<sup id="cite_ref-Stern_(1987)_p._619_53-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Stern_(1987)_p._619-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The statue is a memorial to sailors killed aboard the <a href="/wiki/Battleship" title="Battleship">battleship</a> <a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_(ACR-1)" class="mw-redirect" title="USS Maine (ACR-1)">USS <i>Maine</i></a>, whose mysterious 1898 explosion in <a href="/wiki/Havana" title="Havana">Havana</a> harbor precipitated the <a href="/wiki/Spanish%E2%80%93American_War" title="Spanish–American War">Spanish–American War</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCParks-Maine_84-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCParks-Maine-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="South">South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Actors%27_Equity" class="mw-redirect" title="Actors' Equity">Actors' Equity</a> was founded in 1913 in the old Pabst Grand Circle Hotel,<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on the southern side of the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20060108_87-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20060108-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The original structure at 2 Columbus Circle was torn down in 1960. It was replaced by <a href="/wiki/2_Columbus_Circle" title="2 Columbus Circle">2 Columbus Circle</a>, an <a href="/wiki/International_Style_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="International Style (architecture)">International Modernist</a> tower designed by architect <a href="/wiki/Edward_Durrell_Stone" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Durrell Stone">Edward Durrell Stone</a> to house the <a href="/wiki/Huntington_Hartford" title="Huntington Hartford">Huntington Hartford</a> Gallery of Modern Art.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20060108_87-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20060108-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Vacated when the city's <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Cultural_Affairs" title="New York City Department of Cultural Affairs">Department of Cultural Affairs</a> departed in 1998,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20060108_87-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20060108-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 2 Columbus Circle was listed as one of the <a href="/wiki/World_Monuments_Fund" title="World Monuments Fund">World Monuments Fund</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/2006_World_Monuments_Watch" title="2006 World Monuments Watch">100 most endangered sites</a>" in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After a renovation by architect <a href="/wiki/Brad_Cloepfil" title="Brad Cloepfil">Brad Cloepfil</a>, the building became the new home of the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design" title="Museum of Arts and Design">Museum of Arts and Design</a> in 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._310_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._310-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its radical transformation was controversial for the failure of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">city's Landmarks Preservation Commission</a> to hold hearings on its worthiness for designation.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Southeast">Southeast</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Southeast"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several buildings are on the block bordering the circle's southeast section.<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._308_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._308-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/240_Central_Park_South" title="240 Central Park South">240 Central Park South</a>, a balconied <a href="/wiki/Moderne_architecture" title="Moderne architecture">moderne</a> apartment building across Broadway from the museum, is directly on the southeast corner of the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-NRHP-09000304_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP-09000304-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Built between 1939 and 1940 to designs by <a href="/wiki/Albert_Mayer_(planner)" title="Albert Mayer (planner)">Albert Mayer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Julian_Whittlesey" title="Julian Whittlesey">Julian Whittlesey</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NRHP-09000304_95-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP-09000304-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._308_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._308-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is a city-designated landmark and a <a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places" title="National Register of Historic Places">National Registered Historic Place</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 240 Central Park South has 28 stories across two apartment blocks, and is variously quoted as having either 325,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19970209_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19970209-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 326,<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NRHP-09000304_95-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NRHP-09000304-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 327 apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building contains several <a href="/wiki/Roof_garden" title="Roof garden">roof gardens</a>, and from the outset, was marketed toward people who wanted suburban lifestyles.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19970209_97-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19970209-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On Central Park South, just east of 240 Central Park South, is the <a href="/wiki/Gainsborough_Studios_(Manhattan)" title="Gainsborough Studios (Manhattan)">Gainsborough Studios</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._308_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._308-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Designed by Charles W. Buckham, it was built between 1907 and 1908 as artists' cooperative housing,<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1423_101-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1423-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and rises 16 stories with 34 studio units, some of them double-story units.<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The facade has a bust of the English painter <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gainsborough" title="Thomas Gainsborough">Thomas Gainsborough</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Bas-relief" class="mw-redirect" title="Bas-relief">bas-relief</a> by <a href="/wiki/Isidore_Konti" title="Isidore Konti">Isidore Konti</a>, and tile murals by <a href="/wiki/Henry_Chapman_Mercer" title="Henry Chapman Mercer">Henry Chapman Mercer</a>. It is a New York City designated landmark.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1423_101-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1423-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To the east of 240 Central Park South and the Gainsborough Studios is <a href="/wiki/220_Central_Park_South" title="220 Central Park South">220 Central Park South</a>, a 70-story residential skyscraper designed by <a href="/wiki/Robert_A.M._Stern_Architects" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert A.M. Stern Architects">Robert A.M. Stern Architects</a> and <a href="/wiki/SLCE_Architects" title="SLCE Architects">SLCE Architects</a>, and completed in 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-106" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building contains some of the most expensive residences ever sold in New York City.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 58th Street, east of 220 Central Park South, are two New York City designated landmarks: the Helen Miller Gould Stable and the firehouse of Engine Company 23.<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._308_94-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._308-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The four-story horse stable, at 213 West 58th Street, was designed by <a href="/wiki/York_and_Sawyer" title="York and Sawyer">York and Sawyer</a> in the French Renaissance style for wealthy philanthropist <a href="/wiki/Helen_Miller_Gould" class="mw-redirect" title="Helen Miller Gould">Helen Miller Gould</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._308_94-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._308-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1564_108-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1564-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1–2">: 1–2 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt20081207_109-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20081207-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Completed in 1902–1903 on the site of an existing stable,<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1564_108-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1564-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> the stable became <a href="/wiki/Allan_Murray_(ice_hockey)" class="mw-redirect" title="Allan Murray (ice hockey)">Allan Murray</a>'s shoe shop in the 1950s, and has served as the Unity Center of Practical Christianity since 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1564_108-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1564-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4">: 4 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt20081207_109-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20081207-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has a limestone base with a large entrance arch; a limestone-and-brick facade on the second and third stories; a bracketed <a href="/wiki/Cornice" title="Cornice">cornice</a> over the third story; and a <a href="/wiki/Hip_roof" title="Hip roof">hip roof</a> on the fourth story, with a <a href="/wiki/Dormer" title="Dormer">dormer</a> window.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1564_108-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1564-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3–4">: 3–4 </span></sup> The stable was one of several on that block of West 58th Street in the early 20th century, and is the only remaining former stable on the block.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1563_110-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1563-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> </p><p>The adjoining firehouse of Engine Company 23, at 215 West 58th Street, was designed by Alexander H. Stevens (the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Fire_Department" title="New York City Fire Department">New York City Fire Department</a>'s superintendent of buildings<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1563_110-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1563-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup>) in the <a href="/wiki/Beaux-Arts_architecture" title="Beaux-Arts architecture">Beaux-Arts style</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._308_94-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._308-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1563_110-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1563-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 1">: 1 </span></sup> It was constructed between 1905 and 1906 to replace a former firehouse at 233 West 58th Street, now taken up by the 240 Central Park South apartment building.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1563_110-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1563-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 2">: 2 </span></sup> The design contains an arched fire truck entrance at ground level; a limestone-and-brick facade on the second and third stories, with two small windows flanking a large window on each story; a bracket above the second story; and a <a href="/wiki/Parapet" title="Parapet">parapet</a> atop the third story.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1563_110-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1563-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 4–5">: 4–5 </span></sup> The building remains an active firehouse of the FDNY.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="3,_4,_5,_and_6_Columbus_Circle"><span id="3.2C_4.2C_5.2C_and_6_Columbus_Circle"></span>3, 4, 5, and 6 Columbus Circle</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: 3, 4, 5, and 6 Columbus Circle"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:US_Rubber_1790_Bwy_west_jeh.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Rubber_1790_Bwy_west_jeh.jpg/220px-US_Rubber_1790_Bwy_west_jeh.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="742" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Rubber_1790_Bwy_west_jeh.jpg/330px-US_Rubber_1790_Bwy_west_jeh.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/US_Rubber_1790_Bwy_west_jeh.jpg/440px-US_Rubber_1790_Bwy_west_jeh.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1182" data-file-height="3989" /></a><figcaption>U.S. Rubber Headquarters at 1790 <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> in 2010</figcaption></figure> <p>3, 4, 5, and 6 Columbus Circle are the numbers given to four buildings on the south side of 58th Street. From east to west, the buildings are numbered 5, 3, 4, and 6 Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-google-maps_51-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-google-maps-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/5_Columbus_Circle" title="5 Columbus Circle">5 Columbus Circle</a> (also known by its address, 1790 Broadway),<sup id="cite_ref-cpexec_113-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpexec-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is a 286-foot (87 m), 20-story tower on the southeast corner of Broadway and 58th Street.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally built as the headquarters of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Rubber_Company" title="United States Rubber Company">United States Rubber Company</a> (U.S. Rubber) in 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._308_94-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._308-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was part of Broadway's "Automobile Row" during the early 20th century.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20000707_116-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20000707-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The lobby contains part of a <a href="/wiki/Flagship_store" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagship store">flagship store</a> for <a href="/wiki/Nordstrom" title="Nordstrom">Nordstrom</a>, which extends into the <a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Tower" title="Central Park Tower">Central Park Tower</a> and 1776 Broadway.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Between Eighth Avenue and Broadway on the south side of 58th Street is 3 Columbus Circle (also 1775 Broadway), a 310-foot (94 m), 26-story tower.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is occupied by <a href="/wiki/Young_%26_Rubicam" class="mw-redirect" title="Young & Rubicam">Young & Rubicam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America" title="Bank of America">Bank of America</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chase_Bank" title="Chase Bank">Chase Bank</a>, and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gilder_Gagnon_Howe_%26_Co.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gilder Gagnon Howe & Co. (page does not exist)">Gilder Gagnon Howe & Co.</a><sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tower sits atop a 3-story structure called the Colonnade Building.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080220_121-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080220-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first three stories were built in 1923 and the top 23 stories were added in 1927–1928.<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._307_123-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._307-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the expansion, the original building's three-story <a href="/wiki/Ionic_order" title="Ionic order">Ionic</a> supports were kept.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080220_121-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080220-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The new expansion, designed by <a href="/wiki/Shreve_%26_Lamb" class="mw-redirect" title="Shreve & Lamb">Shreve & Lamb</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-AIA5_p._307_123-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AIA5_p._307-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> hosted <a href="/wiki/General_Motors" title="General Motors">General Motors</a>' headquarters from 1927<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20000707_116-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20000707-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyt19990915_125-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19990915-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to 1968.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19990915_125-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19990915-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nydn20150730_126-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydn20150730-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1969, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Midtown_Realty&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Midtown Realty (page does not exist)">Midtown Realty</a> purchased the building's lease, and in 1980, acquired the land. Half of the building was leased by <a href="/wiki/Bankers_Trust" title="Bankers Trust">Bankers Trust</a> until the late 1980s,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19990915_125-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19990915-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> leased a third of the building from 1994<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-nyp20071227_128-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyp20071227-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the <a href="/wiki/Moinian_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Moinian Group">Moinian Group</a> purchased the building in 2000,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080220_121-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080220-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the building assumed its current name;<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080220_121-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080220-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nyp20071227_128-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyp20071227-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a subsequent renovation refurbished the exterior and removed all remnants of the Colonnade Building.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt20080220_121-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt20080220-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Neon_sign" title="Neon sign">neon sign</a> for CNN was located on the roof of the building from the mid-2000s to 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-nydn20150730_126-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nydn20150730-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A Nordstrom annex is at the base of 3 Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-cpexec_113-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cpexec-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>4 Columbus Circle, an eight-story low-rise located at 989 Eighth Avenue at the southwest corner of the intersection with 58th Street, was built in the late 1980s. <a href="/wiki/Swanke_Hayden_Connell_Architects" title="Swanke Hayden Connell Architects">Swanke Hayden Connell Architects</a> designed the building, which houses the furniture company <a href="/wiki/Steelcase" title="Steelcase">Steelcase</a> on the upper floors and a <a href="/wiki/Duane_Reade" title="Duane Reade">Duane Reade</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Starbucks" title="Starbucks">Starbucks</a> on the ground floor.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cerberus_Capital_Management" title="Cerberus Capital Management">Cerberus Capital Management</a> bought the building in 2006 for $82.9 million. In 2011, it was sold to German real estate firm <a href="/w/index.php?title=GLL_Real_Estate_Partners&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="GLL Real Estate Partners (page does not exist)">GLL Real Estate Partners</a> for $96.5 million.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Directly to the west is 6 Columbus Circle, an 88-room, 12-floor <a href="/wiki/Boutique_hotel" title="Boutique hotel">boutique hotel</a> called 6 Columbus.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Acquired by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pomeranc_Group&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pomeranc Group (page does not exist)">Pomeranc Group</a> in 2007,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the hotel was put on sale in December 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A 700-foot-tall (210 m) tower is planned for the site.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transportation">Transportation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Transportation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/M5_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M5 (New York City bus)">M5</a>, <a href="/wiki/M7_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M7 (New York City bus)">M7</a>, <a href="/wiki/M10_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M10 (New York City bus)">M10</a>, <a href="/wiki/M20_(New_York_City_bus)" class="mw-redirect" title="M20 (New York City bus)">M20</a> and <a href="/wiki/M104_(New_York_City_bus)" title="M104 (New York City bus)">M104</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bus" class="mw-redirect" title="New York City Bus">buses</a> all serve the circle, with the M5, M7, M20 and M104 providing through service and the southbound M10 terminating near the circle.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under the circle is the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle station</a>, served by the <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/1_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="1 (New York City Subway service)">1</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/2_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="2 (New York City Subway service)">2</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/A_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="A (New York City Subway service)">A</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/B_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="B (New York City Subway service)">B</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/C_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="C (New York City Subway service)">C</a></span>, and <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/D_(New_York_City_Subway_service)" title="D (New York City Subway service)">D</a></span> trains.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cultural_significance">Cultural significance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Cultural significance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colin_Campbell_Cooper_-_Columbus_Circle.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colin_Campbell_Cooper_-_Columbus_Circle.JPG/220px-Colin_Campbell_Cooper_-_Columbus_Circle.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colin_Campbell_Cooper_-_Columbus_Circle.JPG/330px-Colin_Campbell_Cooper_-_Columbus_Circle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Colin_Campbell_Cooper_-_Columbus_Circle.JPG/440px-Colin_Campbell_Cooper_-_Columbus_Circle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1624" data-file-height="1154" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Colin_Campbell_Cooper" title="Colin Campbell Cooper">Colin Campbell Cooper</a>'s 1909 <a href="/wiki/Impressionism" title="Impressionism">impressionist</a> portrait, <i>Columbus Circle</i>, part of the <a href="/wiki/Allentown_Art_Museum" title="Allentown Art Museum">Allentown Art Museum</a> collection in <a href="/wiki/Allentown,_Pennsylvania" title="Allentown, Pennsylvania">Allentown, Pennsylvania</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Geographic_center">Geographic center</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Geographic center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Columbus Circle is the traditional municipal <a href="/wiki/Kilometre_zero" title="Kilometre zero">zero-mile point</a> from which all official city distances are measured,<sup id="cite_ref-Jacobs_2009_69-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jacobs_2009-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> uses <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a> for this purpose.<sup id="cite_ref-138" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For decades, <a href="/wiki/Hagstrom_Map" title="Hagstrom Map">Hagstrom</a> sold maps that showed the areas within 25 miles (40 km)<sup id="cite_ref-139" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or 75 miles (121 km) from Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-140" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The travel area for recipients of a <a href="/wiki/C-2_visa" title="C-2 visa">C-2 visa</a>, which is issued for the purpose of immediate and continuous transit to or from the <a href="/wiki/Headquarters_of_the_United_Nations" title="Headquarters of the United Nations">headquarters of the United Nations</a>, is limited to a 25-mile radius of Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The same circle coincidentally defines the city's "<a href="/wiki/Media_in_New_York_City#Film" title="Media in New York City">film</a> zone" that local unions operate in, a counterpart to Los Angeles' <a href="/wiki/Studio_zone" title="Studio zone">studio zone</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-145" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The New York City government <a href="/wiki/Employee_handbook" title="Employee handbook">employee handbook</a> considers a trip beyond a 75-mile radius from Columbus Circle as long-distance travel.<sup id="cite_ref-146" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="As_a_center_for_soapbox_orators">As a center for soapbox orators</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: As a center for soapbox orators"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The circle became known as a center for <a href="/wiki/Soapbox" title="Soapbox">soapbox</a> orators in the early-mid 20th century,<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> comparable to <a href="/wiki/Speakers%27_Corner" title="Speakers' Corner">Speakers Corner</a> in London.<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It became a home particularly for non-leftists in contrast to <a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a>, and for a time in the late 1930s it became a home to a number of far right speakers.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The area sometimes had a poor reputation for <a href="/wiki/Crank_(person)" title="Crank (person)">cranks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Open-air_preaching" title="Open-air preaching">street preachers</a>, the "lunatic fringe whose tub-thumping make a nightmare of Columbus Circle" condemned by a New York Court of Appeals ruling in a case related to elsewhere in the city,<sup id="cite_ref-151" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> that prompted <a href="#Mid-20th_century_configurations">mid-20th century configurations</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19410510_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19410510-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but was also sometimes showcased by the national government as a rambunctious symbol of American freedom of speech.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Columbus Circle was featured in the 1954 romantic comedy film <i><a href="/wiki/It_Should_Happen_to_You" title="It Should Happen to You">It Should Happen to You</a></i>, in which <a href="/wiki/Judy_Holliday" title="Judy Holliday">Judy Holliday</a>'s character, Gladys Glover, began her quest for fame by renting a large billboard overlooking Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-154" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <i>USS Maine Memorial</i>, was featured in the 1976 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Taxi_Driver" title="Taxi Driver">Taxi Driver</a></i>, where <a href="/wiki/Robert_De_Niro" title="Robert De Niro">Robert De Niro</a>'s character was thwarted in an attempt to assassinate a presidential nominee.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Columbus Circle was featured in the 1984 movie <i><a href="/wiki/Ghostbusters" title="Ghostbusters">Ghostbusters</a></i> as the place where the Stay Puft Marshmallow Man manifests and then walks up Central Park West.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The shooting of <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Colombo" title="Joseph Colombo">Joseph Colombo</a> in Columbus Circle by Jerome A. Johnson in 1971 was featured in the 2019 film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Irishman" title="The Irishman">The Irishman</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Starting in seasons 6 of the TV show <i><a href="/wiki/The_Venture_Bros." title="The Venture Bros.">The Venture Bros.</a></i>, the Venture family relocates to a skyscraper located on Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="thumb tnone" style="margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;overflow:hidden;width:auto;max-width:968px"><div class="thumbinner"><div class="noresize" style="overflow:auto"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Circle,_New_York_c1907_LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Columbus Circle, c. 1907"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Columbus_Circle%2C_New_York_c1907_LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg/960px-Columbus_Circle%2C_New_York_c1907_LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg" decoding="async" width="960" height="304" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Columbus_Circle%2C_New_York_c1907_LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg/1440px-Columbus_Circle%2C_New_York_c1907_LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Columbus_Circle%2C_New_York_c1907_LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg/1920px-Columbus_Circle%2C_New_York_c1907_LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5181" data-file-height="1640" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Columbus_Circle,_New_York_c1907_LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg" title="File:Columbus Circle, New York c1907 LC-DIG-ppmsca-05881.jpg"> </a></div><div style="text-align:center">Columbus Circle, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1907</span></div></div></div></div> <p><br /> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 815px;width:auto; margin:auto"> <li class="gallerycaption">Around Columbus Circle today</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Museum_of_Arts_and_Design_(MAD)_-_NYC_(51395616531).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Museum of Arts & Design at 2 Columbus Circle"><img alt="The Museum of Arts & Design at 2 Columbus Circle" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design_%28MAD%29_-_NYC_%2851395616531%29.jpg/90px-Museum_of_Arts_and_Design_%28MAD%29_-_NYC_%2851395616531%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design_%28MAD%29_-_NYC_%2851395616531%29.jpg/135px-Museum_of_Arts_and_Design_%28MAD%29_-_NYC_%2851395616531%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design_%28MAD%29_-_NYC_%2851395616531%29.jpg/180px-Museum_of_Arts_and_Design_%28MAD%29_-_NYC_%2851395616531%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3170" data-file-height="4227" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_%26_Design" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Arts & Design">Museum of Arts & Design</a> at <a href="/wiki/2_Columbus_Circle" title="2 Columbus Circle">2 Columbus Circle</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:USS_Maine_National_Monument.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The USS Maine National Monument at the Merchant's Gate entrance to Central Park"><img alt="The USS Maine National Monument at the Merchant's Gate entrance to Central Park" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Maine_National_Monument.jpg/120px-USS_Maine_National_Monument.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Maine_National_Monument.jpg/180px-USS_Maine_National_Monument.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/USS_Maine_National_Monument.jpg/240px-USS_Maine_National_Monument.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5952" data-file-height="3968" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_National_Monument" title="USS Maine National Monument">USS <i>Maine</i> National Monument</a> at the Merchant's Gate entrance to <a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Trump International Hotel and Tower"><img alt="The Trump International Hotel and Tower" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG/80px-4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG/120px-4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG/160px-4118-NYC-Columbus_Circle.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="5184" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)">Trump International Hotel and Tower</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Time_Warner_Center_May_2010.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The Deutsche Bank Center, which replaced the New York Coliseum, while it was still known as the Time Warner Center"><img alt="The Deutsche Bank Center, which replaced the New York Coliseum, while it was still known as the Time Warner Center" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Time_Warner_Center_May_2010.JPG/90px-Time_Warner_Center_May_2010.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Time_Warner_Center_May_2010.JPG/135px-Time_Warner_Center_May_2010.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Time_Warner_Center_May_2010.JPG/180px-Time_Warner_Center_May_2010.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center" title="Deutsche Bank Center">Deutsche Bank Center</a>, which replaced the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Coliseum" title="New York Coliseum">New York Coliseum</a>, while it was still known as the Time Warner Center</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Looking_south_along_8th_Avenue_from_Columbus_Circle.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="220 Central Park South (2018) rises above 240 Central Park South (1939)"><img alt="220 Central Park South (2018) rises above 240 Central Park South (1939)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Looking_south_along_8th_Avenue_from_Columbus_Circle.jpg/78px-Looking_south_along_8th_Avenue_from_Columbus_Circle.jpg" decoding="async" width="78" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Looking_south_along_8th_Avenue_from_Columbus_Circle.jpg/118px-Looking_south_along_8th_Avenue_from_Columbus_Circle.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Looking_south_along_8th_Avenue_from_Columbus_Circle.jpg/157px-Looking_south_along_8th_Avenue_from_Columbus_Circle.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2057" data-file-height="3141" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/220_Central_Park_South" title="220 Central Park South">220 Central Park South</a> (2018) rises above <a href="/wiki/240_Central_Park_South" title="240 Central Park South">240 Central Park South</a> (1939) </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>Explanatory notes</b> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">These directions are relative to <a href="/wiki/Commissioners%27_Plan_of_1811" title="Commissioners' Plan of 1811">Manhattan's street grid</a>, which is rotated 29 degrees clockwise from geographic north. So for instance, Broadway really points north and south, while Eighth Avenue/Central Park West points south-southwest and north-northeast respectively.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hearst's first purchase was the southern side of the circle, now 2 Columbus Circle, in 1895.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1625-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He bought the block to the south, now 3 Columbus Circle, in 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Eight years after that, Hearst bought a plot on the northern side of Columbus Circle.<sup id="cite_ref-nyt19110629_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nyt19110629-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1921, Hearst completed his acquisition of lots on the northern side of 58th Street west of Eighth Avenue.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of these structures were ultimately built, except for that on the northern plot.<sup id="cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYCL-1625-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 3">: 3 </span></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Citations</b> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/manhattan/4">"NYC Planning | Community Profiles"</a>. <i>communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov</i>. New York City Department of City Planning. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190323024312/https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/manhattan/4">Archived</a> from the original on March 23, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov&rft.atitle=NYC+Planning+%7C+Community+Profiles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommunityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov%2Fmanhattan%2F4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/manhattan/7">"NYC Planning | Community Profiles"</a>. <i>communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov</i>. New York City Department of City Planning. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190324160635/https://communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov/manhattan/7">Archived</a> from the original on March 24, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=communityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov&rft.atitle=NYC+Planning+%7C+Community+Profiles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommunityprofiles.planning.nyc.gov%2Fmanhattan%2F7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heckscher_2008-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Heckscher_2008_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Heckscher_2008_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHeckscher2008" class="citation book cs1">Heckscher, M.H. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Dx_GNFFLSXsC"><i>Creating Central Park</i></a>. DE-601)129532134: Metropolitan Museum of Art bulletin. Metropolitan Museum of Art. pp. 50–55. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13669-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-13669-2"><bdi>978-0-300-13669-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Creating+Central+Park&rft.series=DE-601%29129532134%3A+Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art+bulletin&rft.pages=50-55&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-300-13669-2&rft.aulast=Heckscher&rft.aufirst=M.H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDx_GNFFLSXsC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Minutes_1869-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Minutes_1869_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Minutes_1869_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HxVJAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA28"><i>Minutes of Proceedings of the Board of Commissioners of the Central Park for the Year Ending April 30 ...</i></a> Wm. C. Bryant & Company, printers. 1869. p. 28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171145/https://books.google.com/books?id=HxVJAQAAMAAJ&pg=RA1-PA28">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Minutes+of+Proceedings+of+the+Board+of+Commissioners+of+the+Central+Park+for+the+Year+Ending+April+30+...&rft.pages=28&rft.pub=Wm.+C.+Bryant+%26+Company%2C+printers&rft.date=1869&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHxVJAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DRA1-PA28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruner_Foundation-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bruner_Foundation_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruner_Foundation_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruner_Foundation_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rudybruneraward.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/05-Columbus-Circle-Public-Plaza.pdf">"Silver Medal Winner – Columbus Circle – New York, New York"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Bruner Foundation. 2008. p. 6. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171149/http://www.rudybruneraward.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/05-Columbus-Circle-Public-Plaza.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 6,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Silver+Medal+Winner+%E2%80%93+Columbus+Circle+%E2%80%93+New+York%2C+New+York&rft.pages=6&rft.pub=Bruner+Foundation&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rudybruneraward.org%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F08%2F05-Columbus-Circle-Public-Plaza.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt18921013-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt18921013_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt18921013_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/10/13/104148386.pdf">"The Voyager in Marble; Unveiling of the Great Columbus Monument"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. October 13, 1892. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210625074611/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/10/13/104148386.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on June 25, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Voyager+in+Marble%3B+Unveiling+of+the+Great+Columbus+Monument&rft.date=1892-10-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1892%2F10%2F13%2F104148386.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyh18921013-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyh18921013_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyh18921013_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Press%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Press%25201892%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Press%25201892%2520-%25202368.pdf">"Columbus is Unveiled by a Little Girl"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New York Herald</i>. October 13, 1892. p. 6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Herald&rft.atitle=Columbus+is+Unveiled+by+a+Little+Girl&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1892-10-13&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252018%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Press%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Press%2525201892%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Press%2525201892%252520-%2525202368.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson_p._287-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._287_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._287_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._287_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2010">Jackson 2010</a>, p. 287.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWlHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA12"><i>The Metropolis Explained and Illustrated in Familiar Form ...</i></a> Devlin & Company. 1871. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171145/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZWlHAQAAMAAJ&pg=PA12">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 9,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Metropolis+Explained+and+Illustrated+in+Familiar+Form+...&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=Devlin+%26+Company&rft.date=1871&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZWlHAQAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFeirstein2001" class="citation book cs1">Feirstein, Sanna (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Is4VCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA124"><i>Naming New York: Manhattan Places & How They Got Their Names</i></a>. New York: <a href="/wiki/New_York_University_Press" title="New York University Press">New York University Press</a>. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-2712-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8147-2712-6"><bdi>978-0-8147-2712-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Naming+New+York%3A+Manhattan+Places+%26+How+They+Got+Their+Names&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8147-2712-6&rft.aulast=Feirstein&rft.aufirst=Sanna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIs4VCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19020105-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19020105_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19020105_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/01/05/118465183.pdf">"Improving Columbus Circle"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. 1902. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171145/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1902/01/05/118465183.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Improving+Columbus+Circle.&rft.date=1902&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1902%2F01%2F05%2F118465183.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/05/26/101195712.pdf">"Scenes Along the Route of the Tunnel; How Work Is Carried on Under the Columbus Column"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 26, 1901. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171145/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1901/05/26/101195712.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Scenes+Along+the+Route+of+the+Tunnel%3B+How+Work+Is+Carried+on+Under+the+Columbus+Column&rft.date=1901-05-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1901%2F05%2F26%2F101195712.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson_p._288-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._288_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._288_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._288_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2010">Jackson 2010</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/04/16/101989357.pdf">"Eighth Avenue Circle"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 16, 1903. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171146/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1903/04/16/101989357.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Eighth+Avenue+Circle&rft.date=1903-04-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1903%2F04%2F16%2F101989357.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Globe%2520and%2520Commerical%2520Advertiser%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Globe%2520and%2520Commerical%2520Advertiser%25201904%2520Feb-Apr%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Globe%2520and%2520Commerical%2520Advertiser%25201904%2520Feb-Apr%2520-%25200007.pdf">"By Handcar Through the Subway—End of the Great Engineering Feat Now in Sight"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Globe and Commercial Advertiser</i>. February 1, 1904. p. 7. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171150/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/New%20York%20NY%20Globe%20and%20Commerical%20Advertiser/New%20York%20NY%20Globe%20and%20Commerical%20Advertiser%201904%20Feb-Apr/New%20York%20NY%20Globe%20and%20Commerical%20Advertiser%201904%20Feb-Apr%20-%200007.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Globe+and+Commercial+Advertiser&rft.atitle=By+Handcar+Through+the+Subway%E2%80%94End+of+the+Great+Engineering+Feat+Now+in+Sight&rft.pages=7&rft.date=1904-02-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252018%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Globe%252520and%252520Commerical%252520Advertiser%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Globe%252520and%252520Commerical%252520Advertiser%2525201904%252520Feb-Apr%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Globe%252520and%252520Commerical%252520Advertiser%2525201904%252520Feb-Apr%252520-%2525200007.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalker1918" class="citation book cs1">Walker, James Blaine (1918). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lpEgAAAAMAA"><i>Fifty Years of Rapid Transit — 1864 to 1917</i></a>. New York, N.Y.: Law Printing. pp. 162–191. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161222091521/https://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC03638541&id=lpEgAAAAMAA">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 6,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Fifty+Years+of+Rapid+Transit+%E2%80%94+1864+to+1917&rft.place=New+York%2C+N.Y.&rft.pages=162-191&rft.pub=Law+Printing&rft.date=1918&rft.aulast=Walker&rft.aufirst=James+Blaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlpEgAAAAMAA&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/10/27/101400669.pdf">"Subway Opening to-day With Simple Ceremony; Exercises at One o'Clock; Public to be Admitted at Seven"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. October 27, 1904. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210830224050/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/10/27/101400669.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 30, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 28,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Subway+Opening+to-day+With+Simple+Ceremony%3B+Exercises+at+One+o%27Clock%3B+Public+to+be+Admitted+at+Seven&rft.date=1904-10-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1904%2F10%2F27%2F101400669.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKatz1958" class="citation web cs1">Katz, Ralph (May 10, 1958). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1958/05/10/archives/irt-to-complete-repairs-in-a-year-broadway-express-will-be-modified.html">"IRT to Complete Repairs in a Year; Broadway Express Will Be Modified and Stations Revamped by June"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006235831/https://www.nytimes.com/1958/05/10/archives/irt-to-complete-repairs-in-a-year-broadway-express-will-be-modified.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=IRT+to+Complete+Repairs+in+a+Year%3B+Broadway+Express+Will+Be+Modified+and+Stations+Revamped+by+June&rft.date=1958-05-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Katz&rft.aufirst=Ralph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1958%2F05%2F10%2Farchives%2Firt-to-complete-repairs-in-a-year-broadway-express-will-be-modified.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWarner1931" class="citation web cs1">Warner, Arthur (November 22, 1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1931/11/22/archives/the-citys-new-underground-province-the-eighth-avenue-subway-will-be.html">"The City's New Underground Province; The Eighth Avenue Subway Will Be Not Only a Transit Line but a Centre for the Shopper"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180503050550/https://www.nytimes.com/1931/11/22/archives/the-citys-new-underground-province-the-eighth-avenue-subway-will-be.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 3, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 2,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+City%27s+New+Underground+Province%3B+The+Eighth+Avenue+Subway+Will+Be+Not+Only+a+Transit+Line+but+a+Centre+for+the+Shopper&rft.date=1931-11-22&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Warner&rft.aufirst=Arthur&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1931%2F11%2F22%2Farchives%2Fthe-citys-new-underground-province-the-eighth-avenue-subway-will-be.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCollins1926" class="citation web cs1">Collins, F.a. (October 10, 1926). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1926/10/10/archives/new-subway-burrows-under-new-york-old-open-trench-methods-no-longer.html">"New Subway Burrows Under New York; Old Open Trench Methods No Longer Employed"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007001210/https://www.nytimes.com/1926/10/10/archives/new-subway-burrows-under-new-york-old-open-trench-methods-no-longer.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Subway+Burrows+Under+New+York%3B+Old+Open+Trench+Methods+No+Longer+Employed&rft.date=1926-10-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=F.a.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1926%2F10%2F10%2Farchives%2Fnew-subway-burrows-under-new-york-old-open-trench-methods-no-longer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1932/09/09/archives/city-to-open-subway-in-8th-av-tonight-crowds-visit-tube-first-line.html">"City to Open Subway in 8th Av. Tonight; Crowds Visit Tube"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. September 9, 1932. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006235819/https://www.nytimes.com/1932/09/09/archives/city-to-open-subway-in-8th-av-tonight-crowds-visit-tube-first-line.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+to+Open+Subway+in+8th+Av.+Tonight%3B+Crowds+Visit+Tube&rft.date=1932-09-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1932%2F09%2F09%2Farchives%2Fcity-to-open-subway-in-8th-av-tonight-crowds-visit-tube-first-line.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/24/archives/plan-huge-centre-of-subway-traffic-transit-lines-will-build-dual.html">"Plan Huge Centre of Subway Traffic; Transit Lines Will Build Dual Station at Columbus Circle Four Blocks in Length"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. April 24, 1927. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006234915/https://www.nytimes.com/1927/04/24/archives/plan-huge-centre-of-subway-traffic-transit-lines-will-build-dual.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+Huge+Centre+of+Subway+Traffic%3B+Transit+Lines+Will+Build+Dual+Station+at+Columbus+Circle+Four+Blocks+in+Length&rft.date=1927-04-24&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1927%2F04%2F24%2Farchives%2Fplan-huge-centre-of-subway-traffic-transit-lines-will-build-dual.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/11/15/106734813.pdf">"Lane of Electric Lights; Police Plan Measure for Vehicles in the Columbus Circle"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 15, 1904. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171146/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/11/15/106734813.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Lane+of+Electric+Lights%3B+Police+Plan+Measure+for+Vehicles+in+the+Columbus+Circle.&rft.date=1904-11-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1904%2F11%2F15%2F106734813.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Henebery, Ann. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.enotrans.org/article/the-rules-of-the-road-then-versus-now/">"The Rules of the Road: Then Versus Now"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171010055555/https://www.enotrans.org/article/the-rules-of-the-road-then-versus-now/">Archived</a> October 10, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eno_Center_for_Transportation" title="Eno Center for Transportation">Eno Center for Transportation</a>, October 6, 2015. Accessed October 9, 2017. "William P. Eno is internationally recognized as an original pioneer of traffic regulation and safety.... He was dubbed the 'Father of Traffic Safety' and many of the traffic-flow innovations that we now take for granted were a result of Eno's hard work. He is credited with designing Columbus Circle in New York City and the traffic circle surrounding the Arc de Triomphe in Paris."</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Petroski2016-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Petroski2016_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Petroski2016_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetroski2016" class="citation book cs1">Petroski, Henry (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eflzCwAAQBAJ&pg=PT79"><i>The Road Taken: The History and Future of America's Infrastructure</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing USA. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63286-361-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63286-361-4"><bdi>978-1-63286-361-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+Taken%3A+The+History+and+Future+of+America%27s+Infrastructure&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing+USA&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-63286-361-4&rft.aulast=Petroski&rft.aufirst=Henry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeflzCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEno1920" class="citation book cs1">Eno, William P. (1920). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UJQvAQAAIAAJ"><i>The Science of Highway Traffic Regulation: 1899–1920</i></a>. Brentano's. pp. 26–27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Science+of+Highway+Traffic+Regulation%3A+1899%E2%80%931920&rft.pages=26-27&rft.pub=Brentano%27s&rft.date=1920&rft.aulast=Eno&rft.aufirst=William+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUJQvAQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=B8FLAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA111"><i>Municipal Engineering</i></a>. Municipal Engineering Company. 1917. p. 111.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Municipal+Engineering&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=Municipal+Engineering+Company&rft.date=1917&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DB8FLAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20050804-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20050804_28-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2005" class="citation news cs1">Dunlap, David W. (August 4, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/nyregion/an-island-of-sanctuary-in-the-traffic-stream.html">"An Island of Sanctuary in the Traffic Stream"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016015928/http://www.nytimes.com/2005/08/04/nyregion/an-island-of-sanctuary-in-the-traffic-stream.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=An+Island+of+Sanctuary+in+the+Traffic+Stream&rft.date=2005-08-04&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2005%2F08%2F04%2Fnyregion%2Fan-island-of-sanctuary-in-the-traffic-stream.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficMaze-1929-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficMaze-1929_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficMaze-1929_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/06/30/archives/columbus-circle-a-traffic-maze-intersecting-streets-and-car-tracks.html">"Columbus Circle a Traffic Maze; Intersecting Streets and Car Tracks Make Orderly Movement Impossible"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 30, 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006201844/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/06/30/archives/columbus-circle-a-traffic-maze-intersecting-streets-and-car-tracks.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Columbus+Circle+a+Traffic+Maze%3B+Intersecting+Streets+and+Car+Tracks+Make+Orderly+Movement+Impossible&rft.date=1929-06-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F06%2F30%2Farchives%2Fcolumbus-circle-a-traffic-maze-intersecting-streets-and-car-tracks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-NewTrafficRules_1929_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1929/11/30/archives/whalen-installs-new-traffic-rules-he-takes-up-post-in-columbus.html">"Whalen Installs New Traffic Rules; He Takes Up Post in Columbus Circle to See Effect of Ending 'Rotary' Travel"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 30, 1929. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006194858/https://www.nytimes.com/1929/11/30/archives/whalen-installs-new-traffic-rules-he-takes-up-post-in-columbus.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Whalen+Installs+New+Traffic+Rules%3B+He+Takes+Up+Post+in+Columbus+Circle+to+See+Effect+of+Ending+%27Rotary%27+Travel&rft.date=1929-11-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1929%2F11%2F30%2Farchives%2Fwhalen-installs-new-traffic-rules-he-takes-up-post-in-columbus.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FYonkers%2520NY%2520Statesman%2FYonkers%2520NY%2520Statesman%25201929%2FYonkers%2520NY%2520Statesman%25201929%2520-%25205917.pdf">"Whalen Sets Traffic Plans"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Yonkers Statesman</i>. November 26, 1929. p. 14. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171154/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/Yonkers%20NY%20Statesman/Yonkers%20NY%20Statesman%201929/Yonkers%20NY%20Statesman%201929%20-%205917.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Yonkers+Statesman&rft.atitle=Whalen+Sets+Traffic+Plans&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1929-11-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252018%252FYonkers%252520NY%252520Statesman%252FYonkers%252520NY%252520Statesman%2525201929%252FYonkers%252520NY%252520Statesman%2525201929%252520-%2525205917.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941_33-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPlan-1941_33-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1941/05/09/archives/columbus-circle-gets-traffic-plan-to-end-bottleneck-trouble-zone-to.html">"Columbus Circle Gets Traffic Plan to End Bottleneck"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 9, 1941. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006235827/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/05/09/archives/columbus-circle-gets-traffic-plan-to-end-bottleneck-trouble-zone-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Columbus+Circle+Gets+Traffic+Plan+to+End+Bottleneck&rft.date=1941-05-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1941%2F05%2F09%2Farchives%2Fcolumbus-circle-gets-traffic-plan-to-end-bottleneck-trouble-zone-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-Roadways-Islands-1949_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/16/archives/columbus-circle-to-be-rearranged-with-5-roadways-and-5-islands.html">"Columbus Circle to Be Rearranged With 5 Roadways and 5 'Islands'; 45-Foot Wide Perimeter Strip and Four Cross Lanes are Planned to Expedite Traffich"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 16, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007001205/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/06/16/archives/columbus-circle-to-be-rearranged-with-5-roadways-and-5-islands.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Columbus+Circle+to+Be+Rearranged+With+5+Roadways+and+5+%27Islands%27%3B+45-Foot+Wide+Perimeter+Strip+and+Four+Cross+Lanes+are+Planned+to+Expedite+Traffich&rft.date=1949-06-16&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1949%2F06%2F16%2Farchives%2Fcolumbus-circle-to-be-rearranged-with-5-roadways-and-5-islands.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252018%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%25201941%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Sun%25201941%2520-%25203217.pdf">"Board to Act on Traffic Jam"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>New York Sun</i>. May 9, 1941. p. 10. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171149/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2018/New%20York%20NY%20Sun/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201941/New%20York%20NY%20Sun%201941%20-%203217.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Board+to+Act+on+Traffic+Jam&rft.pages=10&rft.date=1941-05-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252018%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Sun%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Sun%2525201941%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Sun%2525201941%252520-%2525203217.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19410510-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19410510_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19410510_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1941/05/10/archives/many-back-plan-to-beautify-circle-city-officials-and-civic-units.html">"Many Back Plan to Beautify Circle; City Officials and Civic Units Praise Idea as Benefit to Realty and Traffic"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 10, 1941. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007000740/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/05/10/archives/many-back-plan-to-beautify-circle-city-officials-and-civic-units.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Many+Back+Plan+to+Beautify+Circle%3B+City+Officials+and+Civic+Units+Praise+Idea+as+Benefit+to+Realty+and+Traffic&rft.date=1941-05-10&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1941%2F05%2F10%2Farchives%2Fmany-back-plan-to-beautify-circle-city-officials-and-civic-units.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1941/06/08/archives/traffic-expert-advocates-change-in-proposal-at-columbus-circle.html">"Traffic Expert Advocates Change in Proposal at Columbus Circle"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 8, 1941. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007001226/https://www.nytimes.com/1941/06/08/archives/traffic-expert-advocates-change-in-proposal-at-columbus-circle.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Traffic+Expert+Advocates+Change+in+Proposal+at+Columbus+Circle&rft.date=1941-06-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1941%2F06%2F08%2Farchives%2Ftraffic-expert-advocates-change-in-proposal-at-columbus-circle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ingraham_1949-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ingraham_1949_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ingraham_1949_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ingraham_1949_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngraham1949" class="citation web cs1">Ingraham, Joseph C. (November 6, 1949). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1949/11/06/archives/columbus-circle-traffic-puzzle-is-redrawn.html">"Columbus Circle Traffic Puzzle is Redrawn"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006235404/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/11/06/archives/columbus-circle-traffic-puzzle-is-redrawn.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Columbus+Circle+Traffic+Puzzle+is+Redrawn&rft.date=1949-11-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Ingraham&rft.aufirst=Joseph+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1949%2F11%2F06%2Farchives%2Fcolumbus-circle-traffic-puzzle-is-redrawn.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTimes-TrafficPuzzle-1949-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPuzzle-1949_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTimes-TrafficPuzzle-1949_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1949/08/15/archives/columbus-circles-traffic-puzzle-to-be-simplified-by-new-design.html">"Columbus Circle's Traffic Puzzle To Be Simplified by New Design"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. August 15, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006235814/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/08/15/archives/columbus-circles-traffic-puzzle-to-be-simplified-by-new-design.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Columbus+Circle%27s+Traffic+Puzzle+To+Be+Simplified+by+New+Design&rft.date=1949-08-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1949%2F08%2F15%2Farchives%2Fcolumbus-circles-traffic-puzzle-to-be-simplified-by-new-design.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1949/12/06/archives/traffic-is-faster-smoother-in-test-of-columbus-circles-rotary-plan.html">"Traffic Is Faster, Smoother in Test Of Columbus Circle's Rotary Plan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. December 6, 1949. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181006235548/https://www.nytimes.com/1949/12/06/archives/traffic-is-faster-smoother-in-test-of-columbus-circles-rotary-plan.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Traffic+Is+Faster%2C+Smoother+in+Test+Of+Columbus+Circle%27s+Rotary+Plan&rft.date=1949-12-06&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1949%2F12%2F06%2Farchives%2Ftraffic-is-faster-smoother-in-test-of-columbus-circles-rotary-plan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngraham1950" class="citation web cs1">Ingraham, Joseph C. (December 30, 1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1950/12/30/archives/more-oneway-avenues-set-as-city-speeds-defense-plan-manhattans.html">"More One-Way Avenues Set As City Speeds Defense Plan"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181007001156/https://www.nytimes.com/1950/12/30/archives/more-oneway-avenues-set-as-city-speeds-defense-plan-manhattans.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 7, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=More+One-Way+Avenues+Set+As+City+Speeds+Defense+Plan&rft.date=1950-12-30&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Ingraham&rft.aufirst=Joseph+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1950%2F12%2F30%2Farchives%2Fmore-oneway-avenues-set-as-city-speeds-defense-plan-manhattans.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIngraham1956" class="citation news cs1">Ingraham, Joseph C. (February 20, 1956). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1956/02/20/archives/columbus-circle-traffic-will-shift-changes-will-include-new-road-to.html">"Columbus Circle Traffic Will Shift; Changes Will Include New Road to Ease Jam at Coliseum"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180214142449/http://www.nytimes.com/1956/02/20/archives/columbus-circle-traffic-will-shift-changes-will-include-new-road-to.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 13,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Columbus+Circle+Traffic+Will+Shift%3B+Changes+Will+Include+New+Road+to+Ease+Jam+at+Coliseum&rft.date=1956-02-20&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Ingraham&rft.aufirst=Joseph+C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1956%2F02%2F20%2Farchives%2Fcolumbus-circle-traffic-will-shift-changes-will-include-new-road-to.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sun-Columbus-2005-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sun-Columbus-2005_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sun-Columbus-2005_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLombino2005" class="citation web cs1">Lombino, David (June 28, 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nysun.com/new-york/two-years-and-20m-later-traffic-plagued-columbus/16174/">"Two Years and $20M Later, Traffic-Plagued Columbus Circle Near Completion"</a>. <i>The New York Sun</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171015202529/http://www.nysun.com/new-york/two-years-and-20m-later-traffic-plagued-columbus/16174/">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Sun&rft.atitle=Two+Years+and+%2420M+Later%2C+Traffic-Plagued+Columbus+Circle+Near+Completion&rft.date=2005-06-28&rft.aulast=Lombino&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nysun.com%2Fnew-york%2Ftwo-years-and-20m-later-traffic-plagued-columbus%2F16174%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNewman1998" class="citation news cs1">Newman, Andy (August 11, 1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/11/nyregion/traffic-on-columbus-circle-finally-comes-well-full-circle.html">"Traffic on Columbus Circle Finally Comes, Well, Full Circle"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171016065926/http://www.nytimes.com/1998/08/11/nyregion/traffic-on-columbus-circle-finally-comes-well-full-circle.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Traffic+on+Columbus+Circle+Finally+Comes%2C+Well%2C+Full+Circle&rft.date=1998-08-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Newman&rft.aufirst=Andy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1998%2F08%2F11%2Fnyregion%2Ftraffic-on-columbus-circle-finally-comes-well-full-circle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ASLA_2006-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ASLA_2006_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ASLA_2006_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asla.org/awards/2006/06winners/238.html">"ASLA 2006 Professional Awards"</a>. American Society of Landscape Architects. 2006. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170716185617/https://www.asla.org/awards/2006/06winners/238.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 16, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 15,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ASLA+2006+Professional+Awards&rft.pub=American+Society+of+Landscape+Architects&rft.date=2006&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asla.org%2Fawards%2F2006%2F06winners%2F238.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fultonhistory.com/highlighter/highlight-for-xml?altUrl=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2FNewspaper%252014%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Herald%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Herald%25201892%2FNew%2520York%2520NY%2520Herald%25201892%2520-%25205399.pdf">"Italy's Gift Is Here"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The Press</i>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York, New York</a>. September 5, 1892. p. 2. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171150/https://fultonhistory.com/Newspaper%2014/New%20York%20NY%20Herald/New%20York%20NY%20Herald%201892/New%20York%20NY%20Herald%201892%20-%205399.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span> – via <a href="/wiki/Fultonhistory.com" title="Fultonhistory.com">Fultonhistory.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Press&rft.atitle=Italy%27s+Gift+Is+Here&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1892-09-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ffultonhistory.com%2Fhighlighter%2Fhighlight-for-xml%3FaltUrl%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Ffultonhistory.com%252FNewspaper%25252014%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Herald%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Herald%2525201892%252FNew%252520York%252520NY%252520Herald%2525201892%252520-%2525205399.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/06/13/104135789.pdf">"Columbus Memorials.; Three of Them Soon to Be Presented to This City"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 13, 1892. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171149/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1892/06/13/104135789.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Columbus+Memorials.%3B+Three+of+Them+Soon+to+Be+Presented+to+This+City.&rft.date=1892-06-13&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1892%2F06%2F13%2F104135789.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=CO&record=usny28">"New York – Columbus Monument"</a>. <i>www.vanderkrogt.net</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170830071020/http://www.vanderkrogt.net/statues/object.php?webpage=CO&record=usny28">Archived</a> from the original on August 30, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.vanderkrogt.net&rft.atitle=New+York+%E2%80%93+Columbus+Monument&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.vanderkrogt.net%2Fstatues%2Fobject.php%3Fwebpage%3DCO%26record%3Dusny28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/weekly-list-20181123.htm">"Weekly List 20181123"</a>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Park_Service" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. National Park Service">U.S. National Park Service</a>. November 23, 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181129100641/https://www.nps.gov/subjects/nationalregister/weekly-list-20181123.htm">Archived</a> from the original on November 29, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 28,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Weekly+List+20181123&rft.pub=U.S.+National+Park+Service&rft.date=2018-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fsubjects%2Fnationalregister%2Fweekly-list-20181123.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MTAMaps-2015-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MTAMaps-2015_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MTAMaps-2015_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MTAMaps-2015_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://web.mta.info/maps/neighborhood_maps.htm">"MTA Neighborhood Maps: neighborhood"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Transportation_Authority" title="Metropolitan Transportation Authority">Metropolitan Transportation Authority</a>. 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 1,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MTA+Neighborhood+Maps%3A+neighborhood&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Transportation+Authority&rft.date=2018&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweb.mta.info%2Fmaps%2Fneighborhood_maps.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-google-maps-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-google-maps_51-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-google-maps_51-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation map cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/Columbus+Cir,+New+York,+NY/data=!4m2!3m1!1s0x89c258f63c9804b5:0xacca5e3d4112d7eb?sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiLvO-l8e7WAhXjK8AKHSDAAR0Q8gEIkgEwDw">"Columbus Cir, New York, NY"</a> (Map). <i><a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 13,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Google+Maps&rft.atitle=Columbus+Cir%2C+New+York%2C+NY&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fmaps%2Fplace%2FColumbus%2BCir%2C%2BNew%2BYork%2C%2BNY%2Fdata%3D%214m2%213m1%211s0x89c258f63c9804b5%3A0xacca5e3d4112d7eb%3Fsa%3DX%26ved%3D0ahUKEwiLvO-l8e7WAhXjK8AKHSDAAR0Q8gEIkgEwDw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span><span class="error"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL-1625-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1625_52-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1625.pdf">"Hearst Magazine Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. February 16, 1988. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175243/http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1625.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on August 31, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hearst+Magazine+Building&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1988-02-16&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F1625.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Stern_(1987)_p._619-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1987)_p._619_53-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1987)_p._619_53-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Stern_(1987)_p._619_53-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSternGilmartinMellins1987" class="citation book cs1">Stern, Robert A. M.; Gilmartin, Patrick; Mellins, Thomas (1987). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/newyork1930archi0000ster"><i>New York 1930: Architecture and Urbanism Between the Two World Wars</i></a></span>. New York: Rizzoli. p. 619. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-3096-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8478-3096-1"><bdi>978-0-8478-3096-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/13860977">13860977</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+1930%3A+Architecture+and+Urbanism+Between+the+Two+World+Wars&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=619&rft.pub=Rizzoli&rft.date=1987&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F13860977&rft.isbn=978-0-8478-3096-1&rft.aulast=Stern&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.+M.&rft.au=Gilmartin%2C+Patrick&rft.au=Mellins%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnewyork1930archi0000ster&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1903/11/29/archives/in-the-real-estate-field-week-of-interesting-developments-heavy.html">"In the Real Estate Field.; Week of Interesting Developments"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 29, 1903. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201029060805/https://www.nytimes.com/1903/11/29/archives/in-the-real-estate-field-week-of-interesting-developments-heavy.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 29, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=In+the+Real+Estate+Field.%3B+Week+of+Interesting+Developments&rft.date=1903-11-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1903%2F11%2F29%2Farchives%2Fin-the-real-estate-field-week-of-interesting-developments-heavy.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt19110629-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19110629_55-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt19110629_55-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1911/06/29/archives/hearst-buys-block-in-columbus-circle-site-of-old-durland-riding.html">"Hearst Buys Block in Columbus Circle; Site of Old Durland Riding Academy Taken for a Building for His Newspapers"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. June 29, 1911. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175241/https://www.nytimes.com/1911/06/29/archives/hearst-buys-block-in-columbus-circle-site-of-old-durland-riding.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hearst+Buys+Block+in+Columbus+Circle%3B+Site+of+Old+Durland+Riding+Academy+Taken+for+a+Building+for+His+Newspapers&rft.date=1911-06-29&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1911%2F06%2F29%2Farchives%2Fhearst-buys-block-in-columbus-circle-site-of-old-durland-riding.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1921/05/18/archives/plans-skyscraper-in-columbus-circle-wr-hearst-finally-completes-the.html">"Plans Skyscraper in Columbus Circle; W. R. Hearst Finally Completes the Assembly of Plot Containing 70,000 Square Feet"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 18, 1921. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171150/https://www.nytimes.com/1921/05/18/archives/plans-skyscraper-in-columbus-circle-wr-hearst-finally-completes-the.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plans+Skyscraper+in+Columbus+Circle%3B+W.+R.+Hearst+Finally+Completes+the+Assembly+of+Plot+Containing+70%2C000+Square+Feet&rft.date=1921-05-18&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1921%2F05%2F18%2Farchives%2Fplans-skyscraper-in-columbus-circle-wr-hearst-finally-completes-the.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Swanberg1961-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Swanberg1961_58-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Swanberg1961_58-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwanberg1961" class="citation book cs1">Swanberg, William Andrew (1961). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp1ZAAAAMAAJ"><i>Citizen Hearst: A Biography of William Randolph Hearst</i></a>. Bantam books. Scribner. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780684171470" title="Special:BookSources/9780684171470"><bdi>9780684171470</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210831175241/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rp1ZAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on August 31, 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Citizen+Hearst%3A+A+Biography+of+William+Randolph+Hearst&rft.series=Bantam+books&rft.pub=Scribner&rft.date=1961&rft.isbn=9780684171470&rft.aulast=Swanberg&rft.aufirst=William+Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRp1ZAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jackson_p._914-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._914_59-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._914_59-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Jackson_p._914_59-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJackson2010">Jackson 2010</a>, p. 914.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGragertJohansson1996" class="citation book cs1">Gragert, Steven K.; Johansson, M. Jane (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fV83-1F8-bkC&dq=1825+Broadway+%C2%A0%22circle+Theatre%22&pg=PA185"><i>The Papers of Will Rogers: Wild West and vaudeville : April 1904-September 1908</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oklahoma_Press" title="University of Oklahoma Press">University of Oklahoma Press</a>. p. 185. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780806127453" title="Special:BookSources/9780806127453"><bdi>9780806127453</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Papers+of+Will+Rogers%3A+Wild+West+and+vaudeville+%3A+April+1904-September+1908&rft.pages=185&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780806127453&rft.aulast=Gragert&rft.aufirst=Steven+K.&rft.au=Johansson%2C+M.+Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfV83-1F8-bkC%26dq%3D1825%2BBroadway%2B%25C2%25A0%2522circle%2BTheatre%2522%26pg%3DPA185&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/2936">"International Theatre in New York, NY"</a>. <i>Cinema Treasures</i>. January 28, 1949. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110622052421/http://cinematreasures.org/theaters/2936">Archived</a> from the original on June 22, 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cinema+Treasures&rft.atitle=International+Theatre+in+New+York%2C+NY&rft.date=1949-01-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcinematreasures.org%2Ftheaters%2F2936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray1987" class="citation news cs1">Gray, Christopher (April 26, 1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/26/realestate/streetscapes-the-coliseum-the-hybrid-pseudo-modern-on-columbus-circle.html">"The Coliseum; The 'Hybrid Pseudo-Modern' on Columbus Circle"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090818055359/http://www.nytimes.com/1987/04/26/realestate/streetscapes-the-coliseum-the-hybrid-pseudo-modern-on-columbus-circle.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 18, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Coliseum%3B+The+%27Hybrid+Pseudo-Modern%27+on+Columbus+Circle&rft.date=1987-04-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1987%2F04%2F26%2Frealestate%2Fstreetscapes-the-coliseum-the-hybrid-pseudo-modern-on-columbus-circle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHudson1954" class="citation news cs1">Hudson, Edward (April 13, 1954). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1954/04/13/archives/coliseum-is-begun-after-8year-lag-mayor-and-moses-denounce-bid-in.html">"Coliseum is Begun After 8-year Lag"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171014183859/http://www.nytimes.com/1954/04/13/archives/coliseum-is-begun-after-8year-lag-mayor-and-moses-denounce-bid-in.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Commercial+Property%3A+The+Gulf+ands+Western+Building%3B+Twisting+in+the+Wind+On+Columbus+Circle&rft.date=1993-01-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rothstein&rft.aufirst=Mervyn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1993%2F01%2F31%2Frealestate%2Fcommercial-property-gulf-ands-western-building-twisting-wind-columbus-circle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap1994" class="citation news cs1">Dunlap, David W. (July 17, 1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/17/realestate/for-a-troubled-building-a-new-twist.html">"For a Troubled Building, a New Twist"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170822015546/http://www.nytimes.com/1994/07/17/realestate/for-a-troubled-building-a-new-twist.html">Archived</a> from the original on August 22, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=For+a+Troubled+Building%2C+a+New+Twist&rft.date=1994-07-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1994%2F07%2F17%2Frealestate%2Ffor-a-troubled-building-a-new-twist.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuschamp1995" class="citation news cs1">Muschamp, Herbert (June 21, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/21/nyregion/trump-tries-convert-50-s-style-into-90-s-gold-makeover-starts-columbus-circle.html">"Trump Tries to Convert 50s Style Into 90s Gold; Makeover Starts on Columbus Circle Hotel"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131194551/http://www.nytimes.com/1995/06/21/nyregion/trump-tries-convert-50-s-style-into-90-s-gold-makeover-starts-columbus-circle.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Tries+to+Convert+50s+Style+Into+90s+Gold%3B+Makeover+Starts+on+Columbus+Circle+Hotel&rft.date=1995-06-21&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Muschamp&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F06%2F21%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-tries-convert-50-s-style-into-90-s-gold-makeover-starts-columbus-circle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/19/travel/new-trump-hotel-on-central-park.html">"New Trump Hotel On Central Park"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. January 19, 1997. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171015045005/http://www.nytimes.com/1997/01/19/travel/new-trump-hotel-on-central-park.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=New+Trump+Hotel+On+Central+Park&rft.date=1997-01-19&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1997%2F01%2F19%2Ftravel%2Fnew-trump-hotel-on-central-park.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPogrebin1996" class="citation news cs1">Pogrebin, Robin (April 25, 1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/25/nyregion/52-story-comeback-so-very-trump-columbus-circle-tower-proclaims-that-modesty.html">"52-Story Comeback Is So Very Trump;Columbus Circle Tower Proclaims That Modesty Is an Overrated Virtue"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171113164615/http://www.nytimes.com/1996/04/25/nyregion/52-story-comeback-so-very-trump-columbus-circle-tower-proclaims-that-modesty.html">Archived</a> from the original on November 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Trump+Wanted+His+Name+Across+the+Earth.+New+York+City+Said+No.&rft.date=2016-10-26&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F10%2F26%2Fnyregion%2Ftrump-wanted-his-name-across-the-earth-new-york-city-said-no.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCParks-Maine-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCParks-Maine_84-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCParks-Maine_84-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/central-park/monuments/966">USS Maine National Monument</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920164624/https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/central-park/monuments/966">Archived</a> September 20, 2017, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a>. Accessed October 9, 2017.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/05/25/100267546.pdf">"Monument to Maine Heroes Ready for Unveiling; Distinguished Guests and Imposing Ceremonies at the Dedication on Memorial Day"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>The New York Times</i>. May 25, 1913. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220512171150/https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1913/05/25/100267546.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on May 12, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Monument+to+Maine+Heroes+Ready+for+Unveiling%3B+Distinguished+Guests+and+Imposing+Ceremonies+at+the+Dedication+on+Memorial+Day&rft.date=1913-05-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1913%2F05%2F25%2F100267546.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarding1934" class="citation news cs1">Harding, Alfred (May 27, 1934). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/27/archives/after-a-stormy-youth-equity-comes-of-age-equity-reaches-the-age-of.html">"After a Stormy Youth Equity Comes of Age; Equity Reaches the Age of Twenty-One"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200227143007/https://www.nytimes.com/1934/05/27/archives/after-a-stormy-youth-equity-comes-of-age-equity-reaches-the-age-of.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 27, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=After+a+Stormy+Youth+Equity+Comes+of+Age%3B+Equity+Reaches+the+Age+of+Twenty-One&rft.date=1934-05-27&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Harding&rft.aufirst=Alfred&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1934%2F05%2F27%2Farchives%2Fafter-a-stormy-youth-equity-comes-of-age-equity-reaches-the-age-of.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nyt20060108-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20060108_87-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20060108_87-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nyt20060108_87-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMuschamp2006" class="citation news cs1">Muschamp, Herbert (January 8, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/08/arts/design/08musc.html">"The Secret History of 2 Columbus Circle"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180114200526/http://www.nytimes.com/2006/01/08/arts/design/08musc.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Secret+History+of+2+Columbus+Circle&rft.date=2006-01-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Muschamp&rft.aufirst=Herbert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2006%2F01%2F08%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F08musc.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wmf.org/sites/default/files/article/pdfs/Watch_Catalog_2006.pdf">"100 Most Endangered Sites 2006"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>World Monuments Fund</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 26,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Currents%3B+The+Old+Is+Made+New+Again&rft.date=1988-09-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Stephens&rft.aufirst=Suzanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1988%2F09%2F15%2Fgarden%2Fcurrents-the-old-is-made-new-again.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/220-central-park-south/11182">"220 Central Park South – The Skyscraper Center"</a>. <i>skyscrapercenter.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171103175149/http://www.skyscrapercenter.com/building/220-central-park-south/11182">Archived</a> from the original on November 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=skyscrapercenter.com&rft.atitle=220+Central+Park+South+%E2%80%93+The+Skyscraper+Center&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.skyscrapercenter.com%2Fbuilding%2F220-central-park-south%2F11182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201031080808/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/267713/220-central-park-south-new-york-city-ny-usa">"220 Central Park South"</a>. Emporis. Archived from the original on October 31, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Villas+at+220+Central+Park+South&rft.pub=Emporis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.emporis.com%2Fbuildings%2F1536309%2Fthe-villas-at-220-central-park-south-new-york-city-ny-usa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClarke2018" class="citation news cs1">Clarke, Katherine (November 2, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/as-manhattans-most-secretive-skyscraper-rises-a-super-elite-clientele-emerges-1541170830">"As Manhattan's Most Secretive Skyscraper Rises, a Super-Elite Clientele Emerges"</a>. <i>Wall Street Journal</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0099-9660">0099-9660</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201014005343/https://www.wsj.com/articles/as-manhattans-most-secretive-skyscraper-rises-a-super-elite-clientele-emerges-1541170830">Archived</a> from the original on October 14, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=As+Manhattan%27s+Most+Secretive+Skyscraper+Rises%2C+a+Super-Elite+Clientele+Emerges&rft.date=2018-11-02&rft.issn=0099-9660&rft.aulast=Clarke&rft.aufirst=Katherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fas-manhattans-most-secretive-skyscraper-rises-a-super-elite-clientele-emerges-1541170830&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYCL-1564-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1564_108-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1564_108-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1564_108-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYCL-1564_108-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1564.pdf">"(Former) Helen Miller Gould Stable"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Commercial+Property+Executive&rft.atitle=Nordstrom%27s+Future+New+York+Store+is+an+Eyecatcher&rft.date=2016-02-18&rft.aulast=Neamt&rft.aufirst=Ioana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cpexecutive.com%2Fpost%2Fnordstroms-future-new-york-store-is-an-eyecatcher%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171015044730/https://www.emporis.com/buildings/115772/u-s-rubber-company-building-new-york-city-ny-usa">"U.S. Rubber Company Building, New York City"</a>. <i>Emporis</i>. 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August 21, 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171013065610/https://comptroller.nyc.gov/wp-content/uploads/documents/Directive-6-FAQs-Final.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on October 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(October 11, 1925). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1925/10/11/archives/hyde-park-has-a-rival-in-new-york-soapbox-nights-in-columbus-circle.html">"Hyde Park Has a Rival in New York; Soap-Box Nights in Columbus Circle"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613034023/https://www.nytimes.com/1925/10/11/archives/hyde-park-has-a-rival-in-new-york-soapbox-nights-in-columbus-circle.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Hyde+Park+Has+a+Rival+in+New+York%3B+Soap-Box+Nights+in+Columbus+Circle&rft.date=1925-10-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Emery&rft.aufirst=Steuart+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1925%2F10%2F11%2Farchives%2Fhyde-park-has-a-rival-in-new-york-soapbox-nights-in-columbus-circle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStevenson1939" class="citation news cs1">Stevenson, L.L. 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Records and Briefs</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200625161537/https://books.google.com/books?id=v7HObljPXb0C&pg=RA1-PA304">Archived</a> from the original on June 25, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+York+Court+of+Appeals.+Records+and+Briefs.&rft.date=1948&rft.aulast=Appeals&rft.aufirst=New+York+%28State%29+Court+of&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dv7HObljPXb0C%26pg%3DRA1-PA304&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalmer1941" class="citation web cs1">Palmer, Alfred T. (1941). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017699127/">"The four freedoms. Freedom of speech is still the way of the land. Here is Columbus Circle, famous New York promenade' a "soap box" orator is giving forth his theories. A few steps away may be another unsung genius who, likely as not, will proceed to tear down everything his predecessor has said"</a>. <i>www.loc.gov</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200613234550/https://www.loc.gov/pictures/item/2017699127/">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 12,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft.atitle=The+four+freedoms.+Freedom+of+speech+is+still+the+way+of+the+land.+Here+is+Columbus+Circle%2C+famous+New+York+promenade%27+a+%22soap+box%22+orator+is+giving+forth+his+theories.+A+few+steps+away+may+be+another+unsung+genius+who%2C+likely+as+not%2C+will+proceed+to+tear+down+everything+his+predecessor+has+said&rft.date=1941&rft.aulast=Palmer&rft.aufirst=Alfred+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fpictures%2Fitem%2F2017699127%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnited_States._War_DepartmentUnited_States._Department_of_the_Army1952" class="citation book cs1">United States. War Department; United States. Department of the Army (1952). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TquHip8-6lgC&pg=PP12"><i>Armed Forces Talk</i></a>. War Department. p. 12. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812193358/https://books.google.com/books?id=TquHip8-6lgC&pg=PP12">Archived</a> from the original on August 12, 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Armed+Forces+Talk&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=War+Department&rft.date=1952&rft.au=United+States.+War+Department&rft.au=United+States.+Department+of+the+Army&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTquHip8-6lgC%26pg%3DPP12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2016/07/14/judy-holliday-in-it-should-happen-to-you/">"Judy Holliday in It Should Happen to You"</a>. <i>MoMA</i>. July 14, 2016. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203132406/https://www.moma.org/explore/inside_out/2016/07/14/judy-holliday-in-it-should-happen-to-you/">Archived</a> from the original on February 3, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">December 15,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=MoMA&rft.atitle=Judy+Holliday+in+It+Should+Happen+to+You&rft.date=2016-07-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.moma.org%2Fexplore%2Finside_out%2F2016%2F07%2F14%2Fjudy-holliday-in-it-should-happen-to-you%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2017" class="citation web cs1">Carr, Nick (December 6, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.huffingtonpost.com/nick-carr/new-york-youve-changed-ta_b_320520.html">"New York, You've Changed: Taxi Driver, Part III"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Huffington_Post" class="mw-redirect" title="Huffington Post">Huffington Post</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170717104704/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/nick-carr/new-york-youve-changed-ta_b_320520.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 17, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 27,</span> 2018</span>. <q>Charlie goes to the Palantine rally at Columbus Circle in what proves to be a failed attempt to assassinate the candidate:</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Huffington+Post&rft.atitle=New+York%2C+You%27ve+Changed%3A+Taxi+Driver%2C+Part+III&rft.date=2017-12-06&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=Nick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.huffingtonpost.com%2Fnick-carr%2Fnew-york-youve-changed-ta_b_320520.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221228062908/http://onthesetofnewyork.com/ghostbusters.html">"otsony"</a>. <i>otsony.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://onthesetofnewyork.com/ghostbusters.html">the original</a> on December 28, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 9,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=otsony.com&rft.atitle=otsony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fonthesetofnewyork.com%2Fghostbusters.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.denofgeek.com/us/go/284428">"Martin Scorsese's The Irishman Glosses Over a Key Point"</a>. <i>Den of Geek</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Den+of+Geek&rft.atitle=Martin+Scorsese%27s+The+Irishman+Glosses+Over+a+Key+Point&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denofgeek.com%2Fus%2Fgo%2F284428&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged August 2023">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-158"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-158">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruney2019" class="citation web cs1">Bruney, Gabrielle (December 1, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a30061890/joseph-crazy-joe-gallo-the-irishman-true-story/">"Here's the True Story of 'Crazy Joe' Gallo From 'The Irishman'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Esquire</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191202192058/https://www.esquire.com/entertainment/a30061890/joseph-crazy-joe-gallo-the-irishman-true-story/">Archived</a> from the original on December 2, 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 13,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Here%27s+the+True+Story+of+%27Crazy+Joe%27+Gallo+From+%27The+Irishman%27&rft.date=2019-12-01&rft.aulast=Bruney&rft.aufirst=Gabrielle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.esquire.com%2Fentertainment%2Fa30061890%2Fjoseph-crazy-joe-gallo-the-irishman-true-story%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-159"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-159">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/gaming/2016/01/the-venture-bros-blew-up-its-universe-moved-to-nyc-and-stayed-as-fun-as-ever/">"The Venture Bros. blew up its universe, moved to NYC—and stayed as fun as ever"</a>. <i>arstechnica.com</i>. January 30, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=arstechnica.com&rft.atitle=The+Venture+Bros.+blew+up+its+universe%2C+moved+to+NYC%E2%80%94and+stayed+as+fun+as+ever&rft.date=2016-01-30&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Fgaming%2F2016%2F01%2Fthe-venture-bros-blew-up-its-universe-moved-to-nyc-and-stayed-as-fun-as-ever%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><b>Bibliography</b> </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJackson2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Kenneth_T._Jackson" title="Kenneth T. Jackson">Jackson, Kenneth T.</a>, ed. (2010). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_of_New_York_City" title="The Encyclopedia of New York City">The Encyclopedia of New York City</a></i> (2nd ed.). New Haven: <a href="/wiki/Yale_University_Press" title="Yale University Press">Yale University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11465-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-11465-2"><bdi>978-0-300-11465-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Encyclopedia+of+New+York+City&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-300-11465-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteWillenskyLeadon2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norval_White" title="Norval White">White, Norval</a>; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). <i><a href="/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City" title="AIA Guide to New York City">AIA Guide to New York City</a></i> (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7"><bdi>978-0-19538-386-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+New+York+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19538-386-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Norval&rft.au=Willensky%2C+Elliot&rft.au=Leadon%2C+Fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AColumbus+Circle" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Columbus_Circle&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output 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srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Columbus_Circle" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Columbus Circle">Columbus Circle</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/central-park/highlights/7738">NYC Parks Department – Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://siris-artinventories.si.edu/ipac20/ipac.jsp?&profile=all&source=~!siartinventories&uri=full=3100001~!7633~!0#focus">Smithsonian's Inventory of American Sculpture Entry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" 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City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">West of<br />5th Av</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Worldwide_Plaza" title="One Worldwide Plaza">1 Worldwide Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Columbus_Circle" title="2 Columbus Circle">2 Columbus Cir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Columbus_Circle" title="5 Columbus Circle">5 Columbus Cir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_West_54th_Street" title="5 West 54th Street">5 W 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/7_West_54th_Street" title="7 West 54th Street">7 W 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_West_56th_Street" title="10 West 56th Street">10 W 56th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/11_West_54th_Street" title="11 West 54th Street">11 W 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_West_56th_Street" title="12 West 56th Street">12 W 56th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/13_and_15_West_54th_Street" title="13 and 15 West 54th Street">13–15 W 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_West_44th_Street" title="30 West 44th Street">30 W 44th St (Penn Club)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_West_56th_Street" title="30 West 56th Street">30 W 56th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/46_West_55th_Street" title="46 West 55th Street">46 W 55th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53W53" title="53W53">53W53</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/111_West_57th_Street" title="111 West 57th Street">111 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Performing_Arts" title="High School of Performing Arts">120 W 46th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125_West_55th_Street" title="125 West 55th Street">125 W 55th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/130_West_57th_Street" title="130 West 57th Street">130 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/140_West_57th_Street" title="140 West 57th Street">140 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/165_West_57th_Street" title="165 West 57th Street">165 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Central_Park_South" title="200 Central Park South">200 Central Park S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/218_West_57th_Street" title="218 West 57th Street">218 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/220_Central_Park_South" title="220 Central Park South">220 Central Park S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/224_West_57th_Street" title="224 West 57th Street">224 W 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/240_Central_Park_South" title="240 Central Park South">240 Central Park S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Fifth_Avenue" title="500 Fifth Avenue">500 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/520_Fifth_Avenue" title="520 Fifth Avenue">520 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/608_Fifth_Avenue" title="608 Fifth Avenue">608 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/650_Fifth_Avenue" title="650 Fifth Avenue">650 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/660_Fifth_Avenue" title="660 Fifth Avenue">660 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/712_Fifth_Avenue" title="712 Fifth Avenue">712 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/740_Eighth_Avenue" title="740 Eighth Avenue">740 8th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/750_Seventh_Avenue" title="750 Seventh Avenue">750 7th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/810_Seventh_Avenue" title="810 Seventh Avenue">810 7th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/888_Seventh_Avenue" title="888 Seventh Avenue">888 7th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1166_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1166 Avenue of the Americas">1166 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1301_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1301 Avenue of the Americas">1301 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1345_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1345 Avenue of the Americas">1345 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1717_Broadway" title="1717 Broadway">1717 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1740_Broadway" title="1740 Broadway">1740 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aeolian_Building_(42nd_Street)" title="Aeolian Building (42nd Street)">Aeolian Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alwyn_Court" title="Alwyn Court">Alwyn Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americas_Tower" title="Americas Tower">Americas Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ARO_(building)" title="ARO (building)">ARO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Axa_Equitable_Center" title="Axa Equitable Center">Axa Equitable Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_America_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Bank of America Tower (Manhattan)">Bank of America Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bergdorf_Goodman_Building" title="Bergdorf Goodman Building">Bergdorf Goodman Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Briarcliffe" title="The Briarcliffe">The Briarcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building" title="Brill Building">Brill Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvary_Baptist_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Calvary Baptist Church (Manhattan)">Calvary Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall_Tower" title="Carnegie Hall Tower">Carnegie Hall Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Place" title="Central Park Place">Central Park Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Tower" title="Central Park Tower">Central Park Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Building" title="CBS Building">CBS Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Mary_the_Virgin_(Manhattan)" title="Church of St. Mary the Virgin (Manhattan)">Church of St. Mary the Virgin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Crown Building (Manhattan)">Crown Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coty_Building" title="Coty Building">Coty Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center" title="Deutsche Bank Center">Deutsche Bank Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Michelangelo" title="The Michelangelo">Executive Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Presbyterian_Church" title="Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church">Fifth Avenue Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gainsborough_Studios_(Manhattan)" title="Gainsborough Studios (Manhattan)">Gainsborough Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hampshire_House" title="Hampshire House">Hampshire House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hearst_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Hearst Tower (Manhattan)">Hearst Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturers_Trust_Company_Building" title="Manufacturers Trust Company Building">Manufacturers Trust Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_Hellinger_Theatre" title="Mark Hellinger Theatre">Mark Hellinger Theatre</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Church" title="Times Square Church">Times Square Church</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Tower_(Manhattan)" title="Metropolitan Tower (Manhattan)">Metropolitan Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_the_New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="House of the New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yacht_Club_Building" title="New York Yacht Club Building">New York Yacht Club Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One57" title="One57">One57</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Osborne" title="The Osborne">The Osborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Plaza" title="Paramount Plaza">Paramount Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_House_(New_York_City)" title="Park House (New York City)">Park House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippine_Center" title="Philippine Center">Philippine Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Tower" title="Random House Tower">Random House Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Apartments" title="Rockefeller Apartments">Rockefeller Apts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rodin_Studios" title="Rodin Studios">Rodin Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Malachy_Roman_Catholic_Church" title="St. Malachy Roman Catholic Church">St. Malachy Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Saint Thomas Church (Manhattan)">St. Thomas Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_Tower_Building" title="Salmon Tower Building">Salmon Tower Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solow_Building" title="Solow Building">Solow Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_49" title="Tower 49">Tower 49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Fifth" title="Tower Fifth">Tower Fifth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Parc" title="Trump Parc">Trump Parc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._R._Grace_Building" title="W. R. Grace Building">W. R. Grace Bldg</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Center" title="Rockefeller Center">Rockefeller Center</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="1 Rockefeller Plaza">1 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/10_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="10 Rockefeller Plaza">10 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/30_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="30 Rockefeller Plaza">30 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="50 Rockefeller Plaza">50 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/75_Rockefeller_Plaza" title="75 Rockefeller Plaza">75 Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1211_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1211 Avenue of the Americas">1211 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1221_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1221 Avenue of the Americas">1221 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1251_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1251 Avenue of the Americas">1251 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1271_Avenue_of_the_Americas" title="1271 Avenue of the Americas">1271 6th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Empire_Building" title="British Empire Building">British Empire Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Building_(Rockefeller_Center)" title="International Building (Rockefeller Center)">International Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Maison_Francaise_(Rockefeller_Center)" title="La Maison Francaise (Rockefeller Center)">La Maison Francaise</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Astor_Plaza" title="One Astor Plaza">1 Astor Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Times_Square" title="One Times Square">1 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_Times_Square" title="3 Times Square">3 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4_Times_Square" title="4 Times Square">4 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleven_Times_Square" title="Eleven Times Square">11 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/20_Times_Square" title="20 Times Square">20 Times Sq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/229_West_43rd_Street" title="229 West 43rd Street">229 W 43rd St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Hotel" title="Times Square Hotel">255 W 43rd St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500_Broadway" title="1500 Broadway">1500 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1501_Broadway" title="1501 Broadway">1501 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1540_Broadway" title="1540 Broadway">1540 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1552_Broadway" title="1552 Broadway">1552 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Broadway" title="1585 Broadway">1585 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSX_Broadway" title="TSX Broadway">TSX Broadway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East of<br />5th Av</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Vanderbilt" title="One Vanderbilt">One Vanderbilt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/3_East_57th_Street" title="3 East 57th Street">3 E 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale_Building" title="Hale Building">7 E 44th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_East_53rd_Street" title="12 East 53rd Street">12 E 53rd St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/18_East_50th_Street" title="18 East 50th Street">18 E 50th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_East_54th_Street" title="19 East 54th Street">19 E 54th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selene_(building)" title="Selene (building)">100 E 53rd St (Selene)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/138_East_50th_Street" title="138 East 50th Street">138 E 50th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/175_Park_Avenue" title="175 Park Avenue">175 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/252_East_57th_Street" title="252 East 57th Street">252 E 57th St</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/245_Park_Avenue" title="245 Park Avenue">245 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(2021%E2%80%93present)" title="270 Park Avenue (2021–present)">270 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/277_Park_Avenue" title="277 Park Avenue">277 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/299_Park_Avenue" title="299 Park Avenue">299 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/345_Park_Avenue" title="345 Park Avenue">345 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/383_Madison_Avenue" title="383 Madison Avenue">383 Madison Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/399_Park_Avenue" title="399 Park Avenue">399 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/400_Madison_Avenue" title="400 Madison Avenue">400 Madison Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/425_Park_Avenue" title="425 Park Avenue">425 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/432_Park_Avenue" title="432 Park Avenue">432 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/450_Lexington_Avenue" title="450 Lexington Avenue">450 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/450_Park_Avenue" title="450 Park Avenue">450 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/488_Madison_Avenue" title="488 Madison Avenue">488 Madison Av (Look Bldg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/500_Park_Avenue" title="500 Park Avenue">500 Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue" title="525 Lexington Avenue">525 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/550_Madison_Avenue" title="550 Madison Avenue">550 Madison Av (Sony Bldg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue" title="569 Lexington Avenue">569 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/590_Madison_Avenue" title="590 Madison Avenue">590 Madison Av (IBM Bldg)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/599_Lexington_Avenue" title="599 Lexington Avenue">599 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/647_Fifth_Avenue" title="647 Fifth Avenue">647 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/689_Fifth_Avenue" title="689 Fifth Avenue">689 5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/731_Lexington_Avenue" title="731 Lexington Avenue">731 Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/919_Third_Avenue" title="919 Third Avenue">919 3rd Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Fifth_Avenue" title="Apple Fifth Avenue">Apple Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartier_Building" title="Cartier Building">Cartier Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS_Studio_Building" title="CBS Studio Building">CBS Studio Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Synagogue_(Manhattan)" title="Central Synagogue (Manhattan)">Central Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Scribner%27s_Sons_Building" title="Charles Scribner's Sons Building">Charles Scribner's Sons Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrysler_Building" title="Chrysler Building">Chrysler Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Sweden_in_New_York" title="Church of Sweden in New York">Church of Sweden in New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citigroup_Center" title="Citigroup Center">Citigroup Ctr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CitySpire" title="CitySpire">CitySpire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DuMont_Building" title="DuMont Building">DuMont Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_(New_York_City)" title="Fifth Church of Christ, Scientist (New York City)">Fifth Church of Christ, Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fred_F._French_Building" title="Fred F. French Building">Fred F. French Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuller_Building" title="Fuller Building">Fuller Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Electric_Building" title="General Electric Building">General Electric Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Motors_Building_(Manhattan)" title="General Motors Building (Manhattan)">General Motors Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graybar_Building" title="Graybar Building">Graybar Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helmsley_Building" title="Helmsley Building">Helmsley Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lever_House" title="Lever House">Lever House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lipstick_Building" title="Lipstick Building">Lipstick Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVMH_Tower" title="LVMH Tower">LVMH Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetLife_Building" title="MetLife Building">MetLife Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modulightor_Building" title="Modulightor Building">Modulightor Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_H._Moore_House" title="William H. Moore House">William H. Moore House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympic_Tower" title="Olympic Tower">Olympic Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Plaza" title="Park Avenue Plaza">Park Avenue Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Tower" title="Park Avenue Tower">Park Avenue Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritz_Tower" title="Ritz Tower">Ritz Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saks_Fifth_Avenue_flagship_store" title="Saks Fifth Avenue flagship store">Saks Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Agnes Church (New York City)">St. Agnes Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Bartholomew%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)">St. Bartholomew's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Patrick%27s_Cathedral_(Midtown_Manhattan)" title="St. Patrick's Cathedral (Midtown Manhattan)">St. Patrick's Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seagram_Building" title="Seagram Building">Seagram Bldg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_58" title="Sutton 58">Sutton 58</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiffany_%26_Co._flagship_store" title="Tiffany & Co. flagship store">Tiffany & Co.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_Tower" title="Trump Tower">Trump Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Villard_Houses" title="Villard Houses">Villard Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_and_Helen_Ziegler_House" title="William and Helen Ziegler House">William and Helen Ziegler House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Palace" title="Grand Central Palace">Grand Central Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Marguery" title="Hotel Marguery">Hotel Marguery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._O._H._P._Belmont_House" title="Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont House">Mrs. O. H. P. Belmont House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherwood_Studio_Building" title="Sherwood Studio Building">Sherwood Studio Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Collegiate_Reformed_Protestant_Dutch_Church" title="St. Nicholas Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church">St. Nicholas Collegiate Reformed Protestant Dutch Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studebaker_Building_(Midtown_Manhattan)" title="Studebaker Building (Midtown Manhattan)">Studebaker Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_Emanu-El_(New_York,_1868)" title="Temple Emanu-El (New York, 1868)">Temple Emanu-El</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/270_Park_Avenue_(1960%E2%80%932021)" title="270 Park Avenue (1960–2021)">Union Carbide Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Triple_Palace" title="Vanderbilt Triple Palace">Vanderbilt Triple Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_K._Vanderbilt_House" title="William K. Vanderbilt House">William K. Vanderbilt House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Presbyterian_Church" title="West Presbyterian Church">West Presbyterian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Theaters" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Theaters</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Broadway_theaters" title="List of Broadway theaters">Broadway theaters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambassador_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Ambassador Theatre (New York City)">Ambassador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/August_Wilson_Theatre" title="August Wilson Theatre">August Wilson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belasco_Theatre" title="Belasco Theatre">Belasco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_B._Jacobs_Theatre" title="Bernard B. Jacobs Theatre">Bernard B. Jacobs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Booth_Theatre" title="Booth Theatre">Booth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadhurst_Theatre" title="Broadhurst Theatre">Broadhurst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Theatre_(53rd_Street)" title="Broadway Theatre (53rd Street)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre" title="Circle in the Square Theatre">Circle in the Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethel_Barrymore_Theatre" title="Ethel Barrymore Theatre">Ethel Barrymore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eugene_O%27Neill_Theatre" title="Eugene O'Neill Theatre">Eugene O'Neill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Schoenfeld_Theatre" title="Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre">Gerald Schoenfeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gershwin_Theatre" title="Gershwin Theatre">Gershwin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayes_Theater" title="Hayes Theater">Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Theatre" title="Hudson Theatre">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Theatre" title="Imperial Theatre">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones_Theatre" title="James Earl Jones Theatre">James Earl Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Golden_Theatre" title="John Golden Theatre">John Golden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lena_Horne_Theatre" title="Lena Horne Theatre">Lena Horne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longacre_Theatre" title="Longacre Theatre">Longacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunt-Fontanne_Theatre" title="Lunt-Fontanne Theatre">Lunt-Fontanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyceum_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Lyceum Theatre (Broadway)">Lyceum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Theatre_(New_York_City,_1998)" title="Lyric Theatre (New York City, 1998)">Lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Majestic Theatre (Broadway)">Majestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquis_Theatre" title="Marquis Theatre">Marquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minskoff_Theatre" title="Minskoff Theatre">Minskoff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Theatre" title="Music Box Theatre">Music Box</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neil_Simon_Theatre" title="Neil Simon Theatre">Neil Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Palace Theatre (New York City)">Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rodgers_Theatre" title="Richard Rodgers Theatre">Richard Rodgers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James_Theatre" title="St. James Theatre">St. James</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_J._Friedman_Theatre" title="Samuel J. Friedman Theatre">Samuel J. Friedman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubert_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Shubert Theatre (Broadway)">Shubert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Sondheim_Theatre" title="Stephen Sondheim Theatre">Stephen Sondheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_54" title="Studio 54">Studio 54</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Todd_Haimes_Theatre" title="Todd Haimes Theatre">Todd Haimes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Kerr_Theatre" title="Walter Kerr Theatre">Walter Kerr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Garden_Theatre" title="Winter Garden Theatre">Winter Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_Playhouse" title="55th Street Playhouse">55th Street Playhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hall" title="Carnegie Hall">Carnegie Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan_Theater" title="Ed Sullivan Theater">Ed Sullivan Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_ImaginAsian" title="The ImaginAsian">The ImaginAsian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Victory_Theater" title="New Victory Theater">New Victory Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Center" title="New York City Center">New York City Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paris_Theater_(Manhattan)" title="Paris Theater (Manhattan)">Paris Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sony_Hall" title="Sony Hall">Sony Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theater_Center" title="The Theater Center">The Theater Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Town_Hall_(New_York_City)" title="The Town Hall (New York City)">The Town Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Theatre" title="York Theatre">York Theatre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Closed/demolished</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/44th_Street_Theatre" title="44th Street Theatre">44th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/48th_Street_Theatre" title="48th Street Theatre">48th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Theatre_(42nd_Street)" title="Apollo Theatre (42nd Street)">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Center Theatre (New York City)">Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Capitol Theatre (New York City)">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earl_Carroll_Theatre" title="Earl Carroll Theatre">Earl Carroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edison_Theatre" title="Edison Theatre">Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Embassy Theatre (New York City)">Embassy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Theatre" title="Fulton Theatre">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_M._Cohan%27s_Theatre" title="George M. Cohan's Theatre">George M. Cohan's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loew%27s_State_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Loew's State Theatre (New York City)">Loew's State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lyric_Theatre_(New_York_City,_1998)" title="Lyric Theatre (New York City, 1998)">Lyric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Theatre" title="New Century Theatre">New Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympia_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Olympia Theatre (New York City)">Olympia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roxy_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Roxy Theatre (New York City)">Roxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Theatre_(Manhattan)" title="Strand Theatre (Manhattan)">Strand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Theater" title="Times Square Theater">Times Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Theatre_(Hammerstein%27s)" title="Victoria Theatre (Hammerstein's)">Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Theatre_(1927)" title="Ziegfeld Theatre (1927)">Ziegfeld (1927)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Theatre_(1969)" title="Ziegfeld Theatre (1969)">Ziegfeld (1969)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Hotels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Hotels</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algonquin_Hotel" title="Algonquin Hotel">Algonquin Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allerton_Hotel_for_Women" title="Allerton Hotel for Women">Allerton Hotel for Women</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Benjamin_Royal_Sonesta_New_York" title="The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York">The Benjamin Royal Sonesta New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cassa_Hotel_%26_Residences" title="Cassa Hotel & Residences">Cassa Hotel & Residences</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Chatwal_New_York" title="The Chatwal New York">The Chatwal New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Webster_Hotel" title="Webster Hotel">Club Quarters, Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Times_Square_Manhattan" title="Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan">Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Hotel_New_York" title="Four Seasons Hotel New York">Four Seasons Hotel New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Edison" title="Hotel Edison">Hotel Edison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Elys%C3%A9e" title="Hotel Elysée">Hotel Elysée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Gerard" title="Hotel Gerard">Hotel Gerard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyatt_Grand_Central_New_York" title="Hyatt Grand Central New York">Hyatt Grand Central New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InterContinental_New_York_Barclay_Hotel" title="InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel">InterContinental New York Barclay Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JW_Marriott_Essex_House" title="JW Marriott Essex House">JW Marriott Essex House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Iroquois_New_York" title="The Iroquois New York">The Iroquois New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Lexington Hotel (New York City)">Lexington Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombardy_Hotel" title="Lombardy Hotel">Lombardy Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotte_New_York_Palace_Hotel" title="Lotte New York Palace Hotel">Lotte New York Palace Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luxor_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Luxor Hotel (New York City)">Luxor Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_Hotel" title="Mansfield Hotel">Mansfield Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Michelangelo" title="The Michelangelo">The Michelangelo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Times_Square_New_York" title="Millennium Times Square New York">Millennium Times Square New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Hilton_Midtown" title="New York Hilton Midtown">New York Hilton Midtown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Marriott_Marquis" title="New York Marriott Marquis">New York Marriott Marquis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Hotel" title="Paramount Hotel">Paramount Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Central_Hotel" title="Park Central Hotel">Park Central Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Lane_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="Park Lane Hotel (Manhattan)">Park Lane Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Peninsula_New_York" title="The Peninsula New York">The Peninsula New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Hotel" title="Plaza Hotel">Plaza Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quin" title="The Quin">The Quin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_St._Moritz" title="Hotel St. Moritz">The Ritz-Carlton New York, Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roger_Smith_Hotel" title="Roger Smith Hotel">Roger Smith Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Row_NYC_Hotel" title="Row NYC Hotel">Row NYC Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royalton_Hotel" title="Royalton Hotel">Royalton Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Regis_New_York" title="St. Regis New York">St. Regis New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheraton_New_York_Times_Square_Hotel" title="Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel">Sheraton New York Times Square Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sofitel_New_York_Hotel" title="Sofitel New York Hotel">Sofitel New York Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Central_Park_New_York_Hotel" title="Thompson Central Park New York Hotel">Thompson Central Park New York Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waldorf_Astoria_New_York" title="Waldorf Astoria New York">Waldorf Astoria New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warwick_New_York_Hotel" title="Warwick New York Hotel">Warwick New York Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/569_Lexington_Avenue" title="569 Lexington Avenue">DoubleTree by Hilton Hotel Metropolitan New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Carter" title="Hotel Carter">Hotel Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Claridge" title="Hotel Claridge">Hotel Claridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Manhattan" title="Hotel Manhattan">Hotel Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Metropole_(New_York_City)" title="Hotel Metropole (New York City)">Hotel Metropole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Biltmore_Hotel" title="New York Biltmore Hotel">New York Biltmore Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/525_Lexington_Avenue" title="525 Lexington Avenue">New York Marriott East Side</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omni_Berkshire_Place" title="Omni Berkshire Place">Omni Berkshire Place</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabst_Hotel" title="Pabst Hotel">Pabst Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ritz-Carlton_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Ritz-Carlton Hotel (New York City)">Ritz-Carlton Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="Roosevelt Hotel (Manhattan)">Roosevelt Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoy-Plaza_Hotel" title="Savoy-Plaza Hotel">Savoy-Plaza Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Hotel" title="Times Square Hotel">Times Square Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weylin_Hotel" title="Weylin Hotel">Weylin Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Windsor_Hotel_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Windsor Hotel (Manhattan)">Windsor Hotel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Other_points_of_interest" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other points of interest</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Restaurants/<br />nightlife</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/21_Club" title="21 Club">21 Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54_Below" title="54 Below">54 Below</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alto_(restaurant)" title="Alto (restaurant)">Alto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthos_(restaurant)" title="Anthos (restaurant)">Anthos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aureole_(restaurant)" title="Aureole (restaurant)">Aureole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burger_Heaven" title="Burger Heaven">Burger Heaven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Bernardin" title="Le Bernardin">Le Bernardin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cafe_Chambord" title="Cafe Chambord">Cafe Chambord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campbell_Apartment" title="Campbell Apartment">Campbell Apartment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Caravelle_(New_York_City)" title="La Caravelle (New York City)">La Caravelle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caviar_Russe" title="Caviar Russe">Caviar Russe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Pezzo_Restaurant" title="Del Pezzo Restaurant">Del Pezzo Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen%27s_Stardust_Diner" title="Ellen's Stardust Diner">Ellen's Stardust Diner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Twenty_Five" title="Four Twenty Five">Four Twenty Five</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Kreuther" title="Gabriel Kreuther">Gabriel Kreuther</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallagher%27s_Steakhouse" title="Gallagher's Steakhouse">Gallagher's Steakhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Oyster_Bar_%26_Restaurant" title="Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant">Grand Central Oyster Bar & Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Grenouille_(restaurant)" title="La Grenouille (restaurant)">La Grenouille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_Jazz_Club" title="Iridium Jazz Club">Iridium Jazz Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Jardinier" title="Le Jardinier">Le Jardinier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Cole_Bar" class="mw-redirect" title="King Cole Bar">King Cole Bar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kurumazushi" title="Kurumazushi">Kurumazushi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Quarter_(nightclub)" title="Latin Quarter (nightclub)">Latin Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lespinasse_(restaurant)" title="Lespinasse (restaurant)">Lespinasse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marea_(restaurant)" title="Marea (restaurant)">Marea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naro_(restaurant)" title="Naro (restaurant)">Naro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Seasons_Restaurant" title="Four Seasons Restaurant">The Pool and the Grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oceana_(restaurant)" title="Oceana (restaurant)">Oceana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Original_Soupman" title="The Original Soupman">The Original Soupman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._J._Clarke%27s" title="P. J. Clarke's">P. J. Clarke's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patsy%27s" title="Patsy's">Patsy's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Pavillon_(Daniel_Boulud_restaurant)" title="Le Pavillon (Daniel Boulud restaurant)">Le Pavillon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Burger" title="Prime Burger">Prime Burger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quilted_Giraffe" title="The Quilted Giraffe">The Quilted Giraffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rainbow_Room" title="Rainbow Room">Rainbow Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Restaurant_Aquavit" title="Restaurant Aquavit">Restaurant Aquavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumpelmayer%27s_(New_York_City)" title="Rumpelmayer's (New York City)">Rumpelmayer's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Tea_Room" title="Russian Tea Room">Russian Tea Room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sardi%27s" title="Sardi's">Sardi's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuki_(restaurant)" title="Satsuki (restaurant)">Satsuki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shun_Lee_Palace" title="Shun Lee Palace">Shun Lee Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stage_Deli" title="Stage Deli">Stage Deli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Campbell" class="mw-redirect" title="The Campbell">The Campbell</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums/<br />cultural centers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Cultural_Forum_New_York" title="Austrian Cultural Forum New York">Austrian Cultural Forum New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Girl_Scout_Museum_and_Archives" title="Girl Scout Museum and Archives">Girl Scout Museum and Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_M._Mossman_Lock_Museum" title="John M. Mossman Lock Museum">John M. Mossman Lock Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Cultural_Center_New_York" title="Korean Cultural Center New York">Korean Cultural Center New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madame_Tussauds_New_York" title="Madame Tussauds New York">Madame Tussauds New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Arts_and_Design" title="Museum of Arts and Design">Museum of Arts and Design</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Broadway" title="Museum of Broadway">Museum of Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Modern_Art" title="Museum of Modern Art">Museum of Modern Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Transit_Museum" title="New York Transit Museum">New York Transit Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paley_Center_for_Media#New_York" title="Paley Center for Media">Paley Center for Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_Museum" title="Rose Museum">Rose Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spyscape" title="Spyscape">Spyscape</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Stores</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argosy_Book_Store" title="Argosy Book Store">Argosy Book Store</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotham_Book_Mart" title="Gotham Book Mart">Gotham Book Mart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubhouses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Fine_Arts_Society" title="American Fine Arts Society">American Fine Arts Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brook" title="The Brook">The Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Association" title="Century Association">Century Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cornell_Club_of_New_York" title="Cornell Club of New York">Cornell Club of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvard_Club_of_New_York_City" title="Harvard Club of New York City">Harvard Club of New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Athletic_Club" title="New York Athletic Club">New York Athletic Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Bar_Association" title="New York City Bar Association">New York City Bar Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Friars_Club" title="New York Friars Club">New York Friars Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Yacht_Club" title="New York Yacht Club">New York Yacht Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penn_Club_of_New_York" title="Penn Club of New York">Penn Club of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racquet_and_Tennis_Club" title="Racquet and Tennis Club">Racquet and Tennis Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Club_of_New_York" title="University Club of New York">University Club of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_National_Republican_Club" title="Women's National Republican Club">Women's National Republican Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Yale_Club_of_New_York_City" title="The Yale Club of New York City">Yale Club of New York City</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Clubhouses (former)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Princeton_Club_of_New_York" title="Princeton Club of New York">Princeton Club of New York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Green spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abby_Aldrich_Rockefeller_Sculpture_Garden" title="Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden">Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Sculpture Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenacre_Park" title="Greenacre Park">Greenacre Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paley_Park" title="Paley Park">Paley Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Educational<br />institutions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_Library" title="53rd Street Library">53rd Street Library</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_in_the_Square_Theatre_School" title="Circle in the Square Theatre School">Circle in the Square Theatre School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CUNY_School_of_Labor_and_Urban_Studies" title="CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies">CUNY School of Labor and Urban Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_School_of_Performing_Arts" title="High School of Performing Arts">High School of Performing Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_High_School_for_International_Careers" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis High School for International Careers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Thomas_Choir_School" title="Saint Thomas Choir School">Saint Thomas Choir School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_University_of_New_York_College_of_Optometry" title="State University of New York College of Optometry">SUNY College of Optometry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Art galleries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galerie_St._Etienne" title="Galerie St. Etienne">Galerie St. Etienne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehs_Galleries" title="Rehs Galleries">Rehs Galleries</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transportation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transportation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue/53rd_Street_station" title="Fifth Avenue/53rd Street station">Fifth Avenue/53rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue%E2%80%9359th_Street_station" title="Fifth Avenue–59th Street station">Fifth Avenue–59th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_station_(IND_lines)" title="Seventh Avenue station (IND lines)">Seventh Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street%E2%80%93Bryant_Park/Fifth_Avenue_station" title="42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue station">42nd Street–Bryant Park/Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street%E2%80%93Port_Authority_Bus_Terminal_station" title="42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal station">42nd Street–Port Authority Bus Terminal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th%E2%80%9350th_Streets%E2%80%93Rockefeller_Center_station" title="47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center station">47th–50th Streets–Rockefeller Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49th_Street_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)" title="49th Street station (BMT Broadway Line)">49th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_station_(IND_lines)" title="50th Street station (IND lines)">50th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="50th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">50th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_station" title="57th Street–Seventh Avenue station">57th Street–Seventh Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_station_(IND_Sixth_Avenue_Line)" title="57th Street station (IND Sixth Avenue Line)">57th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Grand Central–42nd Street station">Grand Central–42nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/51st_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/51st Street station">Lexington Avenue/51st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue/59th_Street_station" title="Lexington Avenue/59th Street station">Lexington Avenue/59th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Times Square–42nd Street station">Times Square–42nd Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Railroad stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Madison" title="Grand Central Madison">Grand Central Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Terminal" title="Grand Central Terminal">Grand Central Terminal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets and<br />intersections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">Third Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Avenue" title="Sixth Avenue">Sixth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%C2%BD_Avenue" title="6½ Avenue">Six and a Half Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Seventh Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="50th Street (Manhattan)">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)" title="51st Street (Manhattan)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffy_Square" title="Duffy Square">Duffy Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott_Way" title="George Abbott Way">George Abbott Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Avenue Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square,_Manhattan" title="Pershing Square, Manhattan">Pershing Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubert_Alley" title="Shubert Alley">Shubert Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Avenue_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanderbilt Avenue (Manhattan)">Vanderbilt Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billionaires%27_Row" title="Billionaires' Row">Billionaires' Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Brazil,_Manhattan" title="Little Brazil, Manhattan">Little Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midtown_South" title="Midtown South">Midtown South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Strip" title="Minnesota Strip">Minnesota Strip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5" title="Manhattan Community Board 5">Manhattan Community Board 5</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Upper_West_Side_(including_Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan_Valley,_Riverside_South)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Upper_West_Side" title="Template:Upper West Side"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Upper_West_Side" title="Template talk:Upper West Side"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Upper_West_Side" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Upper West Side"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Upper_West_Side_(including_Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan_Valley,_Riverside_South)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Valley" title="Manhattan Valley">Manhattan Valley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan" title="Riverside South, Manhattan">Riverside South</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">59th–72nd Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Lincoln_Plaza" title="1 Lincoln Plaza">1 Lincoln Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Riverside_Park" title="One Riverside Park">1 Riverside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_West_63rd_Street" title="5 West 63rd Street">5 West 63rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/15_Central_Park_West" title="15 Central Park West">15 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/27_West_67th_Street" title="27 West 67th Street">27 West 67th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50_West_66th_Street" title="50 West 66th Street">50 West 66th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55_Central_Park_West" title="55 Central Park West">55 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/101_Central_Park_West" title="101 Central Park West">101 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/200_Amsterdam" title="200 Amsterdam">200 Amsterdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradford_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Bradford Hotel (New York City)">Bradford Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Brentmore" title="The Brentmore">The Brentmore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Century_(apartment_building)" title="The Century (apartment building)">The Century</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center" title="Deutsche Bank Center">Deutsche Bank Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dorilton" title="The Dorilton">The Dorilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="The Empire Hotel (New York City)">Empire Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Battery_Armory" title="First Battery Armory">First Battery Armory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harperly_Hall" title="Harperly Hall">Harperly Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IRT_Powerhouse" title="IRT Powerhouse">IRT Powerhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_des_Artistes" title="Hotel des Artistes">Hotel des Artistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Towers" title="Lincoln Towers">Lincoln Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Majestic_(apartment_building)" title="The Majestic (apartment building)">The Majestic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Tower_(New_York_City)" title="Millennium Tower (New York City)">Millennium Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Loggia" title="Park Loggia">Park Loggia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Prasada" title="The Prasada">The Prasada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pythian_Temple_(New_York_City)" title="Pythian Temple (New York City)">Pythian Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sofia" title="The Sofia">The Sofia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)">Trump International Hotel and Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waterline_Square" title="Waterline Square">Waterline Square</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">72nd–86th Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/257_Central_Park_West" title="257 Central Park West">257 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/520_West_End_Avenue" title="520 West End Avenue">520 West End Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ansonia" title="The Ansonia">The Ansonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apthorp" title="The Apthorp">The Apthorp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bank_Building" title="Apple Bank Building">Apple Bank Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astor" title="The Astor">The Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Beacon" title="Hotel Beacon">Hotel Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Belleclaire" title="Hotel Belleclaire">Hotel Belleclaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Beresford" title="The Beresford">The Beresford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Hall_(Manhattan)" title="Bretton Hall (Manhattan)">Bretton Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dakota" title="The Dakota">The Dakota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endicott_Hotel" title="Endicott Hotel">Endicott Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greystone" title="The Greystone">The Greystone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Kenilworth" title="The Kenilworth">The Kenilworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Langham_(apartment_building)" title="The Langham (apartment building)">The Langham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Level_Club" title="The Level Club">The Level Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olcott_Hotel" title="Olcott Hotel">Olcott Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_School_9_(historic_building)" title="Public School 9 (historic building)">Public School 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_House_(Manhattan)" title="Red House (Manhattan)">Red House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rossleigh_Court" title="Rossleigh Court">Rossleigh Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_San_Remo" title="The San Remo">The San Remo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">86th–110th Sts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/161_West_93rd_Street" title="161 West 93rd Street">161 West 93rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/353_Central_Park_West" title="353 Central Park West">353 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/360_Central_Park_West" title="360 Central Park West">360 Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/370_Riverside_Drive" title="370 Riverside Drive">370 Riverside Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/601_West_End_Avenue" title="601 West End Avenue">601 West End Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ariel" title="The Ariel">The Ariel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_Residence_Nursing_Home" title="Association Residence Nursing Home">Association Residence Nursing Home</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Court_Building" title="Astor Court Building">Astor Court Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Belnord" title="The Belnord">The Belnord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Riding_Academy" title="Claremont Riding Academy">Claremont Riding Academy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleburne_Building" title="Cleburne Building">Cleburne Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Square_(New_York_City)" title="Columbus Square (New York City)">Columbus Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cornwall" title="The Cornwall">The Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_El_Dorado" title="The El Dorado">The El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Houses" title="Frederick Douglass Houses">Frederick Douglass Houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Marseilles" title="Hotel Marseilles">Hotel Marseilles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Paris_(New_York_City)" title="Hotel Paris (New York City)">Hotel Paris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_L._Rice_Mansion" title="Isaac L. Rice Mansion">Isaac L. Rice Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Manhasset" title="The Manhasset">The Manhasset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Master_Apartments" title="Master Apartments">Master Apartments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Cancer_Hospital" title="New York Cancer Hospital">New York Cancer Hospital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Normandy" title="The Normandy">The Normandy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomander_Walk" title="Pomander Walk">Pomander Walk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schinasi_Mansion" title="Schinasi Mansion">Schinasi Mansion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turin" title="The Turin">The Turin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apthorp_Farm" title="Apthorp Farm">Apthorp Farm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Market" title="Astor Market">Astor Market</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_M._Schwab_House" title="Charles M. Schwab House">Charles M. Schwab House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Arcade" title="Lincoln Arcade">Lincoln Arcade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerindyck_House" title="Somerindyck House">Somerindyck House</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Culture</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shops, restaurants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Asiate" title="Asiate">Asiate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlantic_Grill" title="Atlantic Grill">Atlantic Grill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barney_Greengrass" title="Barney Greengrass">Barney Greengrass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essential_by_Christophe" title="Essential by Christophe">Essential by Christophe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Georges" title="Jean-Georges">Jean-Georges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucciola_(restaurant)" title="Lucciola (restaurant)">Lucciola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray%27s_Sturgeon_Shop" title="Murray's Sturgeon Shop">Murray's Sturgeon Shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salumeria_Rosi_Parmacotto" title="Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto">Salumeria Rosi Parmacotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabar%27s" title="Zabar's">Zabar's</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Museums</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Museum_of_Natural_History" title="American Museum of Natural History">American Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_Museum_of_Manhattan" title="Children's Museum of Manhattan">Children's Museum of Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Biblical_Art_(New_York_City)" title="Museum of Biblical Art (New York City)">Museum of Biblical Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Historical" title="New York Historical">New York Historical</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theaters/performing arts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Arclight Theatre</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Beacon Theatre (New York City)">Beacon Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stand_Up_NY" title="Stand Up NY">Stand Up NY</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_Space" title="Symphony Space">Symphony Space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triad_Theatre" title="Triad Theatre">Triad Theatre</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lincoln_Center" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lincoln Center</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Tully_Hall" title="Alice Tully Hall">Alice Tully Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Geffen_Hall" title="David Geffen Hall">David Geffen Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_H._Koch_Theater" title="David H. Koch Theater">David H. Koch Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jazz_at_Lincoln_Center" title="Jazz at Lincoln Center">Rose Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(Lincoln_Center)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (Lincoln Center)">Metropolitan Opera House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vivian_Beaumont_Theater" title="Vivian Beaumont Theater">Vivian Beaumont Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Reade_Theater" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Reade Theater">Walter Reade Theater</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andanada" title="Andanada">Andanada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_des_Artistes" title="Café des Artistes">Café des Artistes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Century_Theatre_(Central_Park_West)" title="Century Theatre (Central Park West)">Century Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dovetail_(restaurant)" title="Dovetail (restaurant)">Dovetail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighty_One" title="Eighty One">Eighty One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Theater_(New_York_City)" title="Metro Theater (New York City)">Metro Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mikell%27s" title="Mikell's">Mikell's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Roerich_Museum" title="Nicholas Roerich Museum">Nicholas Roerich Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Photographer%27s_Gallery" title="A Photographer's Gallery">A Photographer's Gallery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telepan" title="Telepan">Telepan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Green_spaces_and_recreation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Green spaces and recreation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Damrosch_Park" title="Damrosch Park">Damrosch Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Park (Manhattan)">Riverside Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Square" title="Sherman Square">Sherman Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septuagesimo_Uno" title="Septuagesimo Uno">Septuagesimo Uno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdi_Square" title="Verdi Square">Verdi Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Community_Garden" title="West Side Community Garden">West Side Community Garden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Education" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Education</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Primary and secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Anderson_School_PS_334" title="The Anderson School PS 334">The Anderson School PS 334</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calhoun_School" title="Calhoun School">Calhoun School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_School_(New_York_City)" title="Collegiate School (New York City)">Collegiate School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Grammar_%26_Preparatory_School" title="Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School">Columbia Grammar & Preparatory School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwight_School" title="Dwight School">Dwight School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_A._Reynolds_West_Side_High_School" title="Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School">Edward A. Reynolds West Side High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiorello_H._LaGuardia_High_School" title="Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School">Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gateway_School" title="Gateway School">Gateway School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innovation_Diploma_Plus_High_School" title="Innovation Diploma Plus High School">Innovation Diploma Plus High School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Day_School" title="Manhattan Day School">Manhattan Day School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_9_Sarah_Anderson_School" title="PS 9 Sarah Anderson School">PS 9 Sarah Anderson School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PS_166_(Manhattan)" title="PS 166 (Manhattan)">PS 166</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_School_at_Columbia_University" title="The School at Columbia University">The School at Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_Schechter_School_of_Manhattan" title="Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan">Solomon Schechter School of Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Gaynor_School" title="Stephen Gaynor School">Stephen Gaynor School</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studio_Maestro" title="Studio Maestro">Studio Maestro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_School_(New_York_City)" title="Trinity School (New York City)">Trinity School</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-secondary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bard_Graduate_Center" title="Bard Graduate Center">Bard Graduate Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fordham_University_School_of_Law" title="Fordham University School of Law">Fordham University School of Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_E._Macaulay_Honors_College" title="William E. Macaulay Honors College">William E. Macaulay Honors College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivat_Hadar" class="mw-redirect" title="Yeshivat Hadar">Yeshivat Hadar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Music schools</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bloomingdale_School_of_Music" title="Bloomingdale School of Music">Bloomingdale School of Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaufman_Music_Center" title="Kaufman Music Center">Kaufman Music Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannes_School_of_Music" title="Mannes School of Music">Mannes School of Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Religion" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Religion</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Churches, chapels</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Advent_Lutheran_Church_(New_York_City)" title="Advent Lutheran Church (New York City)">Advent Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Angels%27_Church" title="All Angels' Church">All Angels' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annunciation_Greek_Orthodox_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church (Manhattan)">Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_United_Church_of_Christ" title="Broadway United Church of Christ">Broadway United Church of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christ_%26_Saint_Stephen%27s_Episcopal_Church" title="Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church">Christ & Saint Stephen's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_St._Paul_and_St._Andrew_(New_York_City)" title="Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew (New York City)">Church of St. Paul and St. Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Ascension,_Roman_Catholic_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Ascension, Roman Catholic (Manhattan)">Church of the Ascension, Roman Catholic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Blessed_Sacrament_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Blessed Sacrament (Manhattan)">Church of the Blessed Sacrament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_in_the_City_of_New_York" title="First Baptist Church in the City of New York">First Baptist Church in the City of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_(New_York_City)" title="First Church of Christ, Scientist (New York City)">First Church of Christ, Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Universalist_Society_in_the_City_of_New_York" title="Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York">Fourth Universalist Society in the City of New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Name_of_Jesus_Roman_Catholic_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Holy Name of Jesus Roman Catholic Church (Manhattan)">Holy Name of Jesus Roman Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Holy Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Holy Trinity Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Trinity_Lutheran_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Holy Trinity Lutheran Church (Manhattan)">Holy Trinity Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Memorial_Chapel" title="Riverside Memorial Chapel">Riverside Memorial Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rutgers_Presbyterian_Church" title="Rutgers Presbyterian Church">Rutgers Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Agnes_Chapel_(New_York_City)" title="St. Agnes Chapel (New York City)">St. Agnes Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Church_of_Christ,_Scientist_(Manhattan)" title="Second Church of Christ, Scientist (Manhattan)">Second Church of Christ, Scientist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Gregory_the_Great_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Gregory the Great Church (Manhattan)">St. Gregory the Great Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Ignatius_of_Antioch_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Ignatius of Antioch Church (New York City)">St. Ignatius of Antioch Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Michael%27s_Episcopal_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Michael's Episcopal Church (Manhattan)">St. Michael's Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_of_Manhattan" title="Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan">Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church of Manhattan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_End_Collegiate_Church" title="West End Collegiate Church">West End Collegiate Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West-Park_Presbyterian_Church" title="West-Park Presbyterian Church">West-Park Presbyterian Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Synagogues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ansche_Chesed" title="Ansche Chesed">Ansche Chesed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%27nai_Jeshurun_(Manhattan)" title="B'nai Jeshurun (Manhattan)">B'nai Jeshurun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Habonim" title="Congregation Habonim">Congregation Habonim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Ohab_Zedek" title="Congregation Ohab Zedek">Congregation Ohab Zedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Rodeph_Sholom_(Manhattan)" title="Congregation Rodeph Sholom (Manhattan)">Congregation Rodeph Sholom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shaare_Zedek_(Manhattan)" title="Congregation Shaare Zedek (Manhattan)">Congregation Shaare Zedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congregation_Shearith_Israel" title="Congregation Shearith Israel">Congregation Shearith Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Jewish Center (Manhattan)">Jewish Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square_Synagogue" title="Lincoln Square Synagogue">Lincoln Square Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramath_Orah" title="Ramath Orah">Ramath Orah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Wise_Free_Synagogue" title="Stephen Wise Free Synagogue">Stephen Wise Free Synagogue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Transportation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transportation</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street%E2%80%93Lincoln_Center_station" title="66th Street–Lincoln Center station">66th Street–Lincoln Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="72nd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">72nd Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">72nd Street/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">79th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station" title="81st Street–Museum of Natural History station">81st Street–Museum of Natural History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="86th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">86th Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="86th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">86th Street/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="96th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">96th Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="96th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">96th Street/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">103rd Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">103rd Street/Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">Cathedral Parkway–110th Street/Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Cathedral Parkway–110th Street/Broadway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="66th Street (Manhattan)">66th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="72nd Street (Manhattan)">72nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="74th Street (Manhattan)">74th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="79th Street (Manhattan)">79th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="85th Street (Manhattan)">85th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="89th Street (Manhattan)">89th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="95th Street (Manhattan)">95th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="96th Street (Manhattan)">96th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Avenue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Central Park West</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Columbus Avenue</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Drive (Manhattan)">Riverside Drive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)">West End Avenue</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Central_Railroad_69th_Street_Transfer_Bridge" title="New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge">New York Central Railroad 69th Street Transfer Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_Boat_Basin" title="79th Street Boat Basin">79th Street Boat Basin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Related_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Related topics</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_West_Historic_District" title="Central Park West Historic District">Central Park West Historic District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattantown" title="Manhattantown">Manhattantown</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Hill,_Manhattan" title="San Juan Hill, Manhattan">San Juan Hill</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_7" title="Manhattan Community Board 7">Manhattan Community Board 7</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighborhoods_in_the_New_York_City_borough_of_Manhattan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manhattan" title="Template:Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manhattan" title="Template talk:Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighborhoods_in_the_New_York_City_borough_of_Manhattan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manhattan_neighborhoods" title="List of Manhattan neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a><br />below 14th St<br />(CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_1" title="Manhattan Community Board 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_2" title="Manhattan Community Board 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_3" title="Manhattan Community Board 3">3</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_City,_Manhattan" title="Alphabet City, Manhattan">Alphabet City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battery_Park_City" title="Battery Park City">Battery Park City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Chinatown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Civic_Center,_Manhattan" title="Civic Center, Manhattan">Civic Center</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Village" title="Cooperative Village">Cooperative Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dimes_Square" title="Dimes Square">Dimes Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan" title="East Village, Manhattan">East Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Essex_Crossing" title="Essex Crossing">Essex Crossing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Square" title="Hudson Square">Hudson Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Australia" title="Little Australia">Little Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Fuzhou" title="Little Fuzhou">Little Fuzhou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan" title="Little Italy, Manhattan">Little Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_City,_Manhattan#Loisaida" title="Alphabet City, Manhattan">Loisaida</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meatpacking_District,_Manhattan" title="Meatpacking District, Manhattan">Meatpacking District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NoHo,_Manhattan" title="NoHo, Manhattan">NoHo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nolita" title="Nolita">Nolita</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan" title="SoHo, Manhattan">SoHo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Street_Seaport" title="South Street Seaport">South Street Seaport</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Village" title="South Village">South Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tribeca" title="Tribeca">Tribeca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two_Bridges,_Manhattan" title="Two Bridges, Manhattan">Two Bridges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Village" title="West Village">West Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="World Trade Center (2001–present)">World Trade Center</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> (CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5" title="Manhattan Community Board 5">5</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbus Circle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)#Diamond_District" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">Diamond District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_District" title="Flatiron District">Flatiron District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Garment_District,_Manhattan" title="Garment District, Manhattan">Garment District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Manhattan" title="Koreatown, Manhattan">Koreatown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park" title="Madison Square and Madison Square Park">Madison Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_South" title="Midtown South">Midtown South</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NoMad,_Manhattan" title="NoMad, Manhattan">NoMad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">Theater District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Side_(Manhattan)" title="West Side (Manhattan)">West Side</a> (CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_4" title="Manhattan Community Board 4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_7" title="Manhattan Community Board 7">7</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Manhattan" title="Chelsea, Manhattan">Chelsea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen,_Manhattan" title="Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan">Hell's Kitchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Yards,_Manhattan" title="Hudson Yards, Manhattan">Hudson Yards</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Yards_(development)" title="Hudson Yards (development)">development</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Valley" title="Manhattan Valley">Manhattan Valley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penn_South" title="Penn South">Penn South</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pomander_Walk" title="Pomander Walk">Pomander Walk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan" title="Riverside South, Manhattan">Riverside South</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Side_(Manhattan)" title="East Side (Manhattan)">East Side</a> (CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_6" title="Manhattan Community Board 6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_8" title="Manhattan Community Board 8">8</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hill" title="Carnegie Hill">Carnegie Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kips_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Kips Bay, Manhattan">Kips Bay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Hill" title="Lenox Hill">Lenox Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Murray Hill, Manhattan">Murray Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Town%E2%80%93Peter_Cooper_Village" title="Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village">Peter Cooper Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rose_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Rose Hill, Manhattan">Rose Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Square" title="Stuyvesant Square">Stuyvesant Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Town%E2%80%93Peter_Cooper_Village" title="Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village">Stuyvesant Town</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">Sutton Place</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_City" title="Tudor City">Tudor City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Turtle Bay, Manhattan">Turtle Bay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waterside_Plaza" title="Waterside Plaza">Waterside Plaza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yorkville,_Manhattan" title="Yorkville, Manhattan">Yorkville</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Upper Manhattan</a><br />above 110th St<br /> (CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_9" title="Manhattan Community Board 9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_10" title="Manhattan Community Board 10">10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_11" title="Manhattan Community Board 11">11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_12" title="Manhattan Community Board 12">12</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Astor_Row" title="Astor Row">Astor Row</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem" title="East Harlem">East Harlem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fort_George_(New_York)" title="Fort George (New York)">Fort George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Hamilton Heights, Manhattan">Hamilton Heights</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Hudson Heights, Manhattan">Hudson Heights</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inwood,_Manhattan" title="Inwood, Manhattan">Inwood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Petit Senegal">Le Petit Senegal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattanville,_Manhattan" title="Manhattanville, Manhattan">Manhattanville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marble_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Marble Hill, Manhattan">Marble Hill</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bronx_Community_Board_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx Community Board 8">Bx CB 8</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Morris_Park_Historic_District" title="Mount Morris Park Historic District">Mount Morris Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Heights" title="Morningside Heights">Morningside Heights</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Sugar Hill, Manhattan">Sugar Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Place" title="Sylvan Place">Sylvan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Washington Heights</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Island" title="Liberty Island">Liberty Island</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Randalls Island</a> (CB 11)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a> (CB 8)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Wards Island</a> (CB 11)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Five_Points,_Manhattan" title="Five Points, Manhattan">Five Points</a> (CB 3)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Town%E2%80%93Peter_Cooper_Village#Gas_House_District" title="Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village">Gas House District</a> (CB 6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jones%27s_Wood" title="Jones's Wood">Jones's Wood</a> (CB 8)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Mile_Historic_District" title="Ladies' Mile Historic District">Ladies' Mile</a> (CB 5)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Germany,_Manhattan" title="Little Germany, Manhattan">Little Germany</a> (CB 3)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Spain,_Manhattan" title="Little Spain, Manhattan">Little Spain</a> (CB 4)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Syria,_Manhattan" title="Little Syria, Manhattan">Little Syria</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattantown" title="Manhattantown">Manhattantown</a> (CB 7)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Row" title="Radio Row">Radio Row</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Hill,_Manhattan" title="San Juan Hill, Manhattan">San Juan Hill</a> (CB 7)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Village" title="Seneca Village">Seneca Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tenderloin,_Manhattan" title="Tenderloin, Manhattan">Tenderloin</a> (CB 4)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_Theatre_District" title="Yiddish Theatre District">Yiddish Theatre District</a> (CB 3)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Manhattan" title="Community boards of Manhattan">Community boards</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_1" title="Manhattan Community Board 1">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_2" title="Manhattan Community Board 2">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_3" title="Manhattan Community Board 3">3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_4" title="Manhattan Community Board 4">4</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5" title="Manhattan Community Board 5">5</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_6" title="Manhattan Community Board 6">6</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_7" title="Manhattan Community Board 7">7</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_8" title="Manhattan Community Board 8">8</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_9" title="Manhattan Community Board 9">9</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_10" title="Manhattan Community Board 10">10</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_11" title="Manhattan Community Board 11">11</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_12" title="Manhattan Community Board 12">12</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Joint interest area:</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">64</a><span class="nobold"> (Central Park)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Streets_of_Manhattan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manhattan_streets" title="Template:Manhattan streets"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manhattan_streets" title="Template talk:Manhattan streets"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan_streets" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan streets"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Streets_of_Manhattan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Streets_in_Manhattan" title="Category:Streets in Manhattan">Streets</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Commissioners%27_Plan_of_1811" title="Commissioners' Plan of 1811">Commissioners' Plan of 1811</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_eponymous_streets_in_New_York_City" title="List of eponymous streets in New York City">List of eponymous streets in New York City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_numbered_streets_in_Manhattan" title="List of numbered streets in Manhattan">List of numbered streets in Manhattan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North–south</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major avenues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="First Avenue (Manhattan)">1st Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Second Avenue (Manhattan)">2nd Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Avenue" title="Third Avenue">3rd Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Lexington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Avenue" title="Madison Avenue">Madison Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">5th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Avenue" title="Sixth Avenue">6th Av (Av of the Americas)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue" title="Lenox Avenue">Lenox Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">7th Av (Fashion Av)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">8th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">9th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">10th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)">11th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Highway" title="West Side Highway">12th Av</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/South_Street_(Manhattan)" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Pearl Street (Manhattan)">Pearl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broad_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Broad Street (Manhattan)">Broad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Street_(Manhattan)" title="William Street (Manhattan)">William</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Nassau Street (Manhattan)">Nassau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Alley" title="Theatre Alley">Theatre Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitehall_Street" title="Whitehall Street">Whitehall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Canyon of Heroes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/State_Street_(Manhattan)" title="State Street (Manhattan)">State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Street" class="mw-redirect" title="West Street">West</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Street" title="Allen Street">Allen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Allen_Street" title="Allen Street">Pike</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baxter_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baxter Street (Manhattan)">Baxter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Market_Place" title="Centre Market Place">Centre Market Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Centre Street (Manhattan)">Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Division_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Division Street (Manhattan)">Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chrystie_Street" title="Chrystie Street">Chrystie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coenties_Slip" title="Coenties Slip">Coenties Slip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldridge_Street" title="Eldridge Street">Eldridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Elizabeth Street (Manhattan)">Elizabeth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essex_Street" title="Essex Street">Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forsyth_Street" title="Forsyth Street">Forsyth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Street" title="Lafayette Street">Lafayette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doyers_Street" title="Doyers Street">Doyers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivington_Street" title="Rivington Street">Rivington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludlow_Street" title="Ludlow Street">Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mott_Street" title="Mott Street">Mott</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulberry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Mulberry Street (Manhattan)">Mulberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orchard_Street" title="Orchard Street">Orchard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Row_(Manhattan)" title="Park Row (Manhattan)">Park Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spring_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Spring Street (Manhattan)">Spring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cherry Street (Manhattan)">Cherry</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_West_Side,_Manhattan" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower West Side, Manhattan">Lower West Side</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Alley" title="Cortlandt Alley">Cortlandt Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_and_Trinity_Place" title="Church Street and Trinity Place">Trinity Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_Street_and_Trinity_Place" title="Church Street and Trinity Place">Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Street" title="Greenwich Street">Greenwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Hudson Street (Manhattan)">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jones_Street" title="Jones Street">Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDougal_Street" title="MacDougal Street">MacDougal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patchin_Place" title="Patchin Place">Patchin Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sullivan_Street" title="Sullivan Street">Sullivan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gay_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Gay Street (Manhattan)">Gay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thompson_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Thompson Street (Manhattan)">Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varick_Street" title="Varick Street">Varick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Washington Street (Manhattan)">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Broadway" title="West Broadway">W Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Broadway" title="West Broadway">LaGuardia Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weehawken_Street" title="Weehawken Street">Weehawken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Highway" title="West Side Highway">West Side Hwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bank Street (Manhattan)">Bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Thirteenth Avenue (Manhattan)">13th Av</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan" title="East Village, Manhattan">East Village</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_D_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue D (Manhattan)">Ave D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_C_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue C (Manhattan)">Ave C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_B_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue B (Manhattan)">Ave B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_A_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue A (Manhattan)">Ave A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_A_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue A (Manhattan)">Asser Levy Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taras_Shevchenko_Place" title="Taras Shevchenko Place">Shevchenko Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lexington_Avenue" title="Lexington Avenue">Irving Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">4th Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Union Square E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue" title="Park Avenue">Park Av S</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Place_(Manhattan)" title="University Place (Manhattan)">University Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_Place_(Manhattan)" title="University Place (Manhattan)">Union Square W</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beekman_Place" title="Beekman Place">Beekman Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">Sutton Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Viaduct" title="Park Avenue Viaduct">Park Av Viaduct</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Avenue_Tunnel_(roadway)" title="Park Avenue Tunnel (roadway)">Park Av Tunnel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanderbilt_Avenue" title="Vanderbilt Avenue">Vanderbilt Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockefeller Plaza">Rockefeller Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/6%C2%BD_Avenue" title="6½ Avenue">6½ Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Great White Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shubert_Alley" title="Shubert Alley">Shubert Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyer_Avenue" title="Dyer Avenue">Dyer Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Boulevard" title="Hudson Boulevard">Hudson Blvd</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East</a> / <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avenue_B_(Manhattan)" title="Avenue B (Manhattan)">East End Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">York Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Museum Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Drive (Manhattan)">East Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Center_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Center Drive (Manhattan)">Center Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Drive_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="West Drive (Manhattan)">West Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Central Park W</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Ninth Avenue (Manhattan)">Columbus Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Tenth Avenue (Manhattan)">Amsterdam Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eleventh Avenue (Manhattan)">West End Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Riverside Drive (Manhattan)">Riverside Dr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a> / <a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Wash. Hts.</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pleasant_Avenue" title="Pleasant Avenue">Pleasant Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Avenue" title="Lenox Avenue">Lenox Av (Malcolm X Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Seventh Avenue (Manhattan)">Powell Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Douglass Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Drive_(Manhattan)" title="Morningside Drive (Manhattan)">Morningside Dr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_Avenue" title="Audubon Avenue">Audubon Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Avenue" title="St. Nicholas Avenue">St. Nicholas Av (Duarte Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claremont_Avenue" title="Claremont Avenue">Claremont Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Washington_Avenue" title="Fort Washington Avenue">Ft. Washington Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabrini_Boulevard" title="Cabrini Boulevard">Cabrini Blvd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Place" title="Sylvan Place">Sylvan Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_F._Tiemann#Legacy" title="Daniel F. Tiemann">Tiemann Pl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">East–west</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridge_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bridge Street (Manhattan)">Bridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Stone Street (Manhattan)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marketfield_Street" title="Marketfield Street">Marketfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beaver_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Beaver Street (Manhattan)">Beaver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchange_Place_(Manhattan)" title="Exchange Place (Manhattan)">Exchange Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street" title="Wall Street">Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albany_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Albany Street (Manhattan)">Albany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Liberty Street (Manhattan)">Liberty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cortlandt_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cortlandt Street (Manhattan)">Cortlandt St/Wy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maiden_Lane_(Manhattan)" title="Maiden Lane (Manhattan)">Maiden La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dey_Street" title="Dey Street">Dey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Fulton Street (Manhattan)">Fulton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vesey_Street" title="Vesey Street">Vesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Ann Street (Manhattan)">Ann</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Downtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Street" title="Spruce Street">Spruce</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Street" title="Roosevelt Street">Roosevelt</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Chambers Street (Manhattan)">Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="East Broadway (Manhattan)">E Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Henry Street (Manhattan)">Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Madison Street (Manhattan)">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Cherry Street (Manhattan)">Cherry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_Street" title="Worth Street">Worth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Moore_Street" title="North Moore Street">N Moore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broome_Street" title="Broome Street">Broome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Canal Street (Manhattan)">Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hester_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Hester Street (Manhattan)">Hester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Street (Manhattan)">Grand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delancey_Street" title="Delancey Street">Delancey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanton_Street" title="Stanton Street">Stanton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houston_Street" title="Houston Street">Houston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandam_Street" title="Vandam Street">Vandam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bleecker_Street" title="Bleecker Street">Bleecker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bond_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Bond Street (Manhattan)">Bond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Jones_Street" title="Great Jones Street">Great Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/4th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="4th Street (Manhattan)">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly_Place" title="Waverly Place">Waverly Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waverly_Place" title="Waverly Place">Washington Square N</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Place" title="Astor Place">Astor Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Mews" title="Washington Mews">Washington Mews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Street" title="Stuyvesant Street">Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacDougal_Street" title="MacDougal Street">Macdougal Alley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Street_and_St._Mark%27s_Place" title="8th Street and St. Mark's Place">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8th_Street_and_St._Mark%27s_Place" title="8th Street and St. Mark's Place">St. Mark's Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Avenue" title="Greenwich Avenue">Greenwich Av</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Street" title="Christopher Street">Christopher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Charles Street (Manhattan)">Charles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="14th Street (Manhattan)">14th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="23rd Street (Manhattan)">23rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="34th Street (Manhattan)">34th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/42nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="42nd Street (Manhattan)">42nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Abbott_Way" title="George Abbott Way">45th (George Abbott Way)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">47th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="50th Street (Manhattan)">50th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/51st_Street_(Manhattan)" title="51st Street (Manhattan)">51st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="52nd Street (Manhattan)">52nd (Swing Alley / St of Jazz)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/53rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="53rd Street (Manhattan)">53rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/54th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="54th Street (Manhattan)">54th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/55th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="55th Street (Manhattan)">55th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">57th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th (Central Park S)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Uptown</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="66th Street (Manhattan)">66th / Peter Jennings Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="72nd Street (Manhattan)">72nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/74th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="74th Street (Manhattan)">74th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="79th Street (Manhattan)">79th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="85th Street (Manhattan)">85th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="86th Street (Manhattan)">86th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/89th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="89th Street (Manhattan)">89th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/93rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="93rd Street (Manhattan)">93rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/95th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="95th Street (Manhattan)">95th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="96th Street (Manhattan)">96th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/110th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="110th Street (Manhattan)">110th (Cathedral Pkwy / Central Park N)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/116th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="116th Street (Manhattan)">116th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="125th Street (Manhattan)">125th (Martin Luther King Jr. Blvd)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Row" title="Astor Row">130th (Astor Row)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/132nd_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="132nd Street (Manhattan)">132nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/133rd_Street_(Manhattan)" title="133rd Street (Manhattan)">133rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Historic_District" title="St. Nicholas Historic District">139th (Strivers' Row)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/145th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="145th Street (Manhattan)">145th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/155th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="155th Street (Manhattan)">155th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bogardus_Place" title="Bogardus Place">Bogardus Pl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyckman_Street" title="Dyckman Street">Dyckman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plaza_Lafayette" title="Plaza Lafayette">Plaza Lafayette</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Intersections</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Circles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Circle" title="Duke Ellington Circle">Duke Ellington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Squares</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chatham_Square" title="Chatham Square">Chatham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooper_Square" title="Cooper Square">Cooper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duarte_Square" title="Duarte Square">Duarte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duffy_Square" title="Duffy Square">Duffy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Square_(Manhattan)" title="Hanover Square (Manhattan)">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._John%27s_Park" title="St. John's Park">Hudson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jackson_Square_Park" title="Jackson Square Park">Jackson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park" title="Madison Square and Madison Square Park">Madison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mulry_Square" title="Mulry Square">Mulry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pershing_Square,_Manhattan" title="Pershing Square, Manhattan">Pershing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrosino_Square" title="Petrosino Square">Petrosino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sherman_Square" title="Sherman Square">Sherman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Square" title="Stuyvesant Square">Stuyvesant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tompkins_Square_Park" title="Tompkins Square Park">Tompkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdi_Square" title="Verdi Square">Verdi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Square_Park" title="Washington Square Park">Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> indicate streets no longer in existence.</li> <li>All entries are streets, circles, or squares unless otherwise noted</li> <li><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_address_algorithm" title="Manhattan address algorithm">Manhattan address algorithm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Structures_on_Broadway_in_Manhattan_and_the_Bronx" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Template:Broadway (Manhattan)"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Template talk:Broadway (Manhattan)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Broadway (Manhattan)"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Structures_on_Broadway_in_Manhattan_and_the_Bronx" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_buildings_and_structures_on_Broadway_in_Manhattan" title="List of buildings and structures on Broadway in Manhattan">Structures</a> on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a> in <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings_(The_Battery_–_Houston_Street)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings (<a href="/wiki/The_Battery_(Manhattan)" title="The Battery (Manhattan)">The Battery</a> – <a href="/wiki/Houston_Street" title="Houston Street">Houston Street</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Hamilton_U.S._Custom_House" title="Alexander Hamilton U.S. Custom House">U.S. Custom House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Broadway" title="1 Broadway">One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2_Broadway" title="2 Broadway">Two</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_Offices_Building" title="Bowling Green Offices Building">11 (Bowling Green Offices)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cunard_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Cunard Building (New York City)">25 (Cunard)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/26_Broadway" title="26 Broadway">26 (Standard Oil)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/52_Broadway" title="52 Broadway">52</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adams_Express_Building" title="Adams Express Building">61 (Adams Express)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/65_Broadway" title="65 Broadway">65 (American Express)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1_Wall_Street" title="1 Wall Street">1 Wall Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Empire Building (Manhattan)">71 (Empire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">75 (Trinity Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Surety_Building" title="American Surety Building">100 (American Surety)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_and_United_States_Realty_Buildings" title="Trinity and United States Realty Buildings">111, 115 (Trinity and United States Realty)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Equitable Building (Manhattan)">120 (Equitable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/140_Broadway" title="140 Broadway">140 (Marine Midland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Liberty_Plaza" title="One Liberty Plaza">165 (One Liberty Plaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/195_Broadway" title="195 Broadway">195</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Center" title="Fulton Center">200 (Fulton Center)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corbin_Building" title="Corbin Building">Corbin Building</a></li> <li>209 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Chapel" title="St. Paul's Chapel">St. Paul's Chapel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_Cemetery" title="Trinity Church Cemetery">Trinity Church Cemetery</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Transportation Building (Manhattan)">Transportation (225)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolworth_Building" title="Woolworth Building">233 (Woolworth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Life_Building" title="Home Life Building">253, 256 (Home Life)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Peet_Building" title="Rogers Peet Building">258 (Rogers Peet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_270" title="Tower 270">270 (Tower 270)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway%E2%80%93Chambers_Building" title="Broadway–Chambers Building">277 (Broadway–Chambers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/280_Broadway" title="280 Broadway">280</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/287_Broadway" title="287 Broadway">287</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Weiss_Federal_Building" title="Ted Weiss Federal Building">290 (Ted Weiss Federal)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/291_Broadway" title="291 Broadway">291</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutual_Reserve_Building" title="Mutual Reserve Building">305 (Mutual Reserve)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/319_Broadway" title="319 Broadway">319</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/108_Leonard" title="108 Leonard">346 (Former New York Life)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/359_Broadway" title="359 Broadway">359</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/361_Broadway" title="361 Broadway">361</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pearl_River_Mart" title="Pearl River Mart">395 (Pearl River Mart)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A._J._Dittenhofer_Warehouse" title="A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse">457–459 (A. J. Dittenhofer Warehouse)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/462_Broadway" title="462 Broadway">462 (Mills & Gibb)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E._V._Haughwout_Building" title="E. V. Haughwout Building">488 (E. V. Haughwout)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Era_Building_(New_York_City)" title="New Era Building (New York City)">495 (New Era)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scholastic_Building" title="Scholastic Building">561 (Scholastic)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings_(Houston_Street_–_Times_Square)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings (Houston Street – <a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cable_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Cable Building (New York City)">611 (Cable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/640_Broadway" title="640 Broadway">640</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tisch_School_of_the_Arts" class="mw-redirect" title="Tisch School of the Arts">721 (Tisch School)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/770_Broadway" title="770 Broadway">770</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Grace Church (Manhattan)">800 (Grace Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Bookstore" title="Strand Bookstore">828 (Strand Bookstore)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/889_Broadway" title="889 Broadway">889 (Gorham)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/900_Broadway" title="900 Broadway">900 (Goelet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/935%E2%80%93939_Broadway" title="935–939 Broadway">935–939</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_Building" title="Flatiron Building">Flatiron Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Green_(New_York_City)" title="Madison Green (New York City)">Madison Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baudouine_Building" title="Baudouine Building">1181 (Baudouine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilsey_House" title="Gilsey House">1200 (Gilsey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Grand Hotel (New York City)">1232 (Grand Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique_New_York_on_Broadway,_Curio_Collection_by_Hilton" title="Martinique New York on Broadway, Curio Collection by Hilton">1260 (Martinique Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_McAlpin" title="Hotel McAlpin">1300 (Hotel McAlpin)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Corner" title="Million Dollar Corner">1313</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macy%27s_Herald_Square" title="Macy's Herald Square">Macy's</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marbridge_Building" title="Marbridge Building">1328 (Marbridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Savings_Bank_Building" title="Greenwich Savings Bank Building">1352 (Greenwich Savings Bank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_Innocents_Church_(New_York_City)" title="Holy Innocents Church (New York City)">Holy Innocents Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square_Tower" title="Times Square Tower">Times Square Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Knickerbocker_Hotel" title="The Knickerbocker Hotel">1466 (Knickerbocker Hotel)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings_(Times_Square_–_Columbus_Circle)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings (Times Square – <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbus Circle</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4_Times_Square" title="4 Times Square">1472 (4 Times Square)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Times_Square" title="One Times Square">1475 (One Times Square)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1500_Broadway" title="1500 Broadway">1500</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1501_Broadway" title="1501 Broadway">1501 (Paramount)</a></li> <li>1515 (<a href="/wiki/One_Astor_Plaza" title="One Astor Plaza">One Astor Plaza</a> and <a href="/wiki/Minskoff_Theatre" title="Minskoff Theatre">Minskoff Theatre</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Marriott_Marquis" title="New York Marriott Marquis">1535 (Marriott Marquis)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1540_Broadway" title="1540 Broadway">1540 (Bertelsmann)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1552_Broadway" title="1552 Broadway">1552 (I. Miller)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embassy_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Embassy Theatre (New York City)">1560 (Embassy Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Palace Theatre (New York City)">1564 (Palace Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TSX_Broadway" title="TSX Broadway">1566 (TSX Broadway)</a>`</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1585_Broadway" title="1585 Broadway">1585 (Morgan Stanley)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowne_Plaza_Times_Square_Manhattan" title="Crowne Plaza Times Square Manhattan">1605 (Crowne Plaza Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brill_Building" title="Brill Building">1619 (Brill)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Winter_Garden_Theatre" title="Winter Garden Theatre">1634 (Winter Garden Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ellen%27s_Stardust_Diner" title="Ellen's Stardust Diner">1650 (Ellen's Stardust Diner)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paramount_Plaza" title="Paramount Plaza">1633 (Paramount Plaza)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Theatre_(53rd_Street)" title="Broadway Theatre (53rd Street)">1681 (Broadway Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan_Theater" title="Ed Sullivan Theater">1697 (Ed Sullivan Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1717_Broadway" title="1717 Broadway">1717</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1740_Broadway" title="1740 Broadway">1740</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Random_House_Tower" title="Random House Tower">1745 (Random House Tower)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/224_West_57th_Street" title="224 West 57th Street">1764 (224 West 57th Street)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Tower" title="Central Park Tower">1780 (Central Park Tower)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/5_Columbus_Circle" title="5 Columbus Circle">1790 (5 Columbus Circle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/240_Central_Park_South" title="240 Central Park South">240 Central Park South</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Buildings_(Columbus_Circle_–_The_Bronx)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Buildings (Columbus Circle – <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">The Bronx</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Bank_Center" title="Deutsche Bank Center">Deutsche Bank Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trump_International_Hotel_and_Tower_(New_York_City)" title="Trump International Hotel and Tower (New York City)">Trump International Hotel and Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Loggia" title="Park Loggia">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Empire_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="The Empire Hotel (New York City)">Empire Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dorilton" title="The Dorilton">The Dorilton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apple_Bank_Building" title="Apple Bank Building">2100 (Apple Bank)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ansonia" title="The Ansonia">2109 (Ansonia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beacon_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Beacon Theatre (New York City)">2124 (Beacon Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Beacon" title="Hotel Beacon">Hotel Beacon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Astor" title="The Astor">The Astor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Belleclaire" title="Hotel Belleclaire">2175 (Hotel Belleclaire)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apthorp" title="The Apthorp">2201 (Apthorp)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Baptist_Church_in_the_City_of_New_York" title="First Baptist Church in the City of New York">First Baptist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bretton_Hall_(Manhattan)" title="Bretton Hall (Manhattan)">2350 (Bretton Hall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Belnord" title="The Belnord">The Belnord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murray%27s_Sturgeon_Shop" title="Murray's Sturgeon Shop">2429 (Murray's Sturgeon Shop)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Court_Building" title="Astor Court Building">Astor Court</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cornwall" title="The Cornwall">The Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metro_Theater_(New_York_City)" title="Metro Theater (New York City)">2626 (Metro Theater)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Marseilles" title="Hotel Marseilles">2689–2693 (Hotel Marseilles)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Manhasset" title="The Manhasset">2801–2825 (The Manhasset)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_School_at_Columbia_University" title="The School at Columbia University">School at Columbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goddard_Institute_for_Space_Studies" title="Goddard Institute for Space Studies">2880 (Goddard Institute)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Hall" title="Broadway Hall">Broadway Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnard_College" title="Barnard College">3009 (Barnard College)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_Park_Community" title="Riverside Park Community">3333 (Riverside Park Community)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Intercession_(Manhattan)" title="Church of the Intercession (Manhattan)">Intercession Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgan_Stanley_Children%27s_Hospital" title="Morgan Stanley Children's Hospital">3939 (Children's Hospital)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_Ballroom" title="Audubon Ballroom">3940</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audubon_Ballroom" title="Audubon Ballroom">Audubon Ballroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_X_and_Dr._Betty_Shabazz_Memorial_and_Educational_Center" title="Malcolm X and Dr. Betty Shabazz Memorial and Educational Center">Shabazz Center</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Palace" title="United Palace">4140 (United Palace)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyckman_House" title="Dyckman House">4881 (Dyckman House)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Good_Shepherd_(New_York_City)" title="Church of the Good Shepherd (New York City)">4967 (Good Shepherd Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seaman-Drake_Arch" title="Seaman-Drake Arch">5069 (Seaman-Drake Arch)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NewYork-Presbyterian_Hospital" title="NewYork-Presbyterian Hospital">5141 (Allen Hospital)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Parks_and_plazas" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Parks and plazas</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_(New_York_City)" title="Bowling Green (New York City)">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuccotti_Park" title="Zuccotti Park">Zuccotti Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_Center,_Manhattan" title="Civic Center, Manhattan">City Hall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park" title="Madison Square and Madison Square Park">Madison Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Greeley Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdi_Square" title="Verdi Square">Verdi Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_Park" title="Van Cortlandt Park">Van Cortlandt Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Subway_stations" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway stations</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="103rd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">103rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/116th_Street%E2%80%93Columbia_University_station" title="116th Street–Columbia University station">116th Street–Columbia University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/125th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="125th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">125th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/137th_Street%E2%80%93City_College_station" title="137th Street–City College station">137th Street–City College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/145th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="145th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">145th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/14th_Street%E2%80%93Union_Square_station" title="14th Street–Union Square station">14th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/157th_Street_station" title="157th Street station">157th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/168th_Street_station_(New_York_City_Subway)" title="168th Street station (New York City Subway)">168th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/231st_Street_station" title="231st Street station">231st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/238th_Street_station" title="238th Street station">238th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/23rd_Street_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)" title="23rd Street station (BMT Broadway Line)">23rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/28th_Street_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)" title="28th Street station (BMT Broadway Line)">28th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/34th_Street%E2%80%93Herald_Square_station" title="34th Street–Herald Square station">34th Street–Herald Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/50th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="50th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">50th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street%E2%80%93Lincoln_Center_station" title="66th Street–Lincoln Center station">66th Street–Lincoln Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="72nd Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">72nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="79th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">79th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="86th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">86th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="96th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">96th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bowling_Green_station" title="Bowling Green station">Bowling Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Street_station_(New_York_City_Subway)" title="Canal Street station (New York City Subway)">Canal Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_(IRT_Broadway%E2%80%93Seventh_Avenue_Line)" title="Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IRT Broadway–Seventh Avenue Line)">Cathedral Parkway–110th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)" title="City Hall station (BMT Broadway Line)">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dyckman_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="Dyckman Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">Dyckman Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Street%E2%80%93New_York_University_station" title="Eighth Street–New York University station">Eighth Street–New York University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulton_Street_station_(New_York_City_Subway)" title="Fulton Street station (New York City Subway)">Fulton Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inwood%E2%80%93207th_Street_station" title="Inwood–207th Street station">Inwood–207th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marble_Hill%E2%80%93225th_Street_station" title="Marble Hill–225th Street station">Marble Hill–225th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_Street_station" title="Prince Street station">Prince Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Times_Square%E2%80%9342nd_Street_station" title="Times Square–42nd Street station">Times Square–42nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Van_Cortlandt_Park%E2%80%93242nd_Street_station" title="Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street station">Van Cortlandt Park–242nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_station_(IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line)" title="Wall Street station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)">Wall Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Former" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Former</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Produce_Exchange" title="New York Produce Exchange">New York Produce Exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_House_(New_York_City)" title="Government House (New York City)">Government House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Macomb_House" title="Alexander Macomb House">39 (Macomb House)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_Building_(New_York_City)" title="Tower Building (New York City)">50 (Tower)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Life_Insurance_Building" title="Manhattan Life Insurance Building">64-70 (Manhattan Life Insurance)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hotel_(Manhattan)" title="City Hotel (Manhattan)">113–119 (City Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Equitable_Life_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Equitable Life Building (Manhattan)">120 (Equitable Life)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singer_Building" title="Singer Building">149 (Singer)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Investing_Building" title="City Investing Building">165 (City Investing)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilsey_Building" title="Gilsey Building">169–171 (Gilsey)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Howard Hotel (New York City)">176 (Howard Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Union_Telegraph_Building" title="Western Union Telegraph Building">195 (Western Union)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Paul_Building" title="St. Paul Building">220 (St. Paul)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnum%27s_American_Museum" title="Barnum's American Museum">222 (Barnum's American Museum)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_House" title="Astor House">Astor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Peet_Building" title="Rogers Peet Building">Rogers Peet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Appleton_Building" title="Appleton Building">346 (Appleton)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mechanics%27_Hall_(New_York_City)" title="Mechanics' Hall (New York City)">472 (Mechanics' Hall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_Comique" title="Theatre Comique">Theatre Comique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Divine_Unity" title="Church of the Divine Unity">Church of the Divine Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Nicholas_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="St. Nicholas Hotel (New York City)">507 (St. Nicholas Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Hotel_(New_York_City)" title="Metropolitan Hotel (New York City)">Metropolitan Hotel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Hall_(New_York_City)" title="Canterbury Hall (New York City)">663 (Canterbury Hall)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Central_Hotel" title="Grand Central Hotel">673 (Grand Central Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Messiah_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of the Messiah (Manhattan)">728 (Church of the Messiah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Theatre_Comique" title="New Theatre Comique">728 (New Theatre Comique)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Constable_%26_Company" title="Arnold Constable & Company">881 (Arnold Constable)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albemarle_Hotel" title="Albemarle Hotel">1101 (Albemarle Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCrory_Stores_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="McCrory Stores Corporation">1107 (McCrory Stores)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legnam_Corporation" title="Legnam Corporation">1115 (Legnam Corporation)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Victoria_(New_York_City)" title="Hotel Victoria (New York City)">Hotel Victoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue_Theatre" title="Fifth Avenue Theatre">1185 (Fifth Avenue Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fair_Waist_and_Dress_Company" title="Fair Waist and Dress Company">1372 (Fair Waist Company)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knickerbocker_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Knickerbocker Theatre (Broadway)">1392 (Knickerbocker Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera_House_(39th_Street)" title="Metropolitan Opera House (39th Street)">1411 (Metropolitan Opera House)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pabst_Hotel" title="Pabst Hotel">1469 (Pabst)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rialto_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Rialto Theatre (New York City)">1481 (Rialto Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotel_Claridge" title="Hotel Claridge">1500 (Hotel Claridge)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astor_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Astor Theatre (New York City)">1537 (Astor Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Central Theatre (New York City)">1567 (Central Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strand_Theatre_(Manhattan)" title="Strand Theatre (Manhattan)">1579 (Strand Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Studebaker_Building_(Midtown_Manhattan)" title="Studebaker Building (Midtown Manhattan)">1600 (Studebaker)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Dempsey%27s_Broadway_Restaurant" title="Jack Dempsey's Broadway Restaurant">Jack Dempsey's Restaurant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capitol_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Capitol Theatre (New York City)">1645 (Capitol Theatre)</a></li> <li>1650 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beltone_Studios" title="Beltone Studios">Beltone Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iridium_Jazz_Club" title="Iridium Jazz Club">Iridium Jazz Club</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdland_(New_York_jazz_club)" title="Birdland (New York jazz club)">1678 (Birdland)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Biblical_Art_(New_York_City)" title="Museum of Biblical Art (New York City)">1865 (Museum of Biblical Art)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dauphin_Hotel" title="Dauphin Hotel">1981 (Dauphin Hotel)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliseum_Theatre_(Washington_Heights)" title="Coliseum Theatre (Washington Heights)"> 4260 (Coliseum Theatre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Teresa_of_Avila_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Teresa of Avila Church (New York City)">St. Teresa of Avila Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_Park" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;;background:#DAF2CE;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_Park" title="Template:Central Park"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Central_Park" title="Template talk:Central Park"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Central_Park" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Central Park"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Central_Park" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Geographical_features" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Geographical features</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cedar_Hill_(Central_Park)" title="Cedar Hill (Central Park)">Cedar Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_Garden" title="Conservatory Garden">Conservatory Garden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservatory_Water" title="Conservatory Water">Conservatory Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Lawn_and_Turtle_Pond" title="Great Lawn and Turtle Pond">Great Lawn and Turtle Pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harlem_Meer" title="Harlem Meer">Harlem Meer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacqueline_Kennedy_Onassis_Reservoir" title="Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir">Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis Reservoir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGowan%27s_Pass" title="McGowan's Pass">McGowan's Pass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Woods_and_North_Meadow" title="North Woods and North Meadow">North Woods and North Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pond_and_Hallett_Nature_Sanctuary" title="The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary">The Pond and Hallett Nature Sanctuary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ramble_and_Lake" title="The Ramble and Lake">The Ramble and Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rat_Rock_(Central_Park)" title="Rat Rock (Central Park)">Rat Rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sawkill" title="Sawkill">Sawkill</a> (historical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Village" title="Seneca Village">Seneca Village</a> (historical)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sheep_Meadow" title="Sheep Meadow">Sheep Meadow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strawberry_Fields_(memorial)" title="Strawberry Fields (memorial)">Strawberry Fields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Sculptures_and_public_art" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_art_in_Central_Park" title="Public art in Central Park">Sculptures and public art</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/107th_Infantry_Memorial" title="107th Infantry Memorial">107th Infantry Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Alice_in_Wonderland_sculpture" title="Alice in Wonderland sculpture">Alice in Wonderland sculpture</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Terrace_and_Fountain" title="Bethesda Terrace and Fountain">Angel of the Waters</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Balto" title="Statue of Balto">Balto</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Sim%C3%B3n_Bol%C3%ADvar_(Central_Park)" title="Equestrian statue of Simón Bolívar (Central Park)">Simón Bolívar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Burnett_Memorial_Fountain" title="Burnett Memorial Fountain">Burnett Memorial Fountain</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Robert_Burns_(Steell)" title="Robert Burns (Steell)">Robert Burns</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Christopher_Columbus_(Central_Park)" title="Statue of Christopher Columbus (Central Park)">Christopher Columbus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra%27s_Needle_(New_York_City)" title="Cleopatra's Needle (New York City)">Cleopatra's Needle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Clock" title="Delacorte Clock">Delacorte Clock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Memorial" title="Duke Ellington Memorial">Duke Ellington Memorial</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Memorial" title="Frederick Douglass Memorial">Frederick Douglass Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Eagles_and_Prey" title="Eagles and Prey">Eagles and Prey</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Falconer_(Simonds)" title="The Falconer (Simonds)">The Falconer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Fitz-Greene_Halleck" title="Statue of Fitz-Greene Halleck">Fitz-Greene Halleck</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Alexander_Hamilton_(Central_Park)" title="Statue of Alexander Hamilton (Central Park)">Alexander Hamilton</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Victor_Herbert" title="Bust of Victor Herbert">Victor Herbert</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Indian_Hunter_(Ward)" title="Indian Hunter (Ward)">Indian Hunter</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Jagiello_Monument" title="King Jagiello Monument">King Jagiello Monument</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Jos%C3%A9_Mart%C3%AD_(Central_Park)" title="Equestrian statue of José Martí (Central Park)">José Martí</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bust_of_Giuseppe_Mazzini" title="Bust of Giuseppe Mazzini">Giuseppe Mazzini</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Finley_Breese_Morse_(sculpture)" title="Samuel Finley Breese Morse (sculpture)">Samuel Finley Breese Morse</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Romeo_and_Juliet_(Hebald)" title="Romeo and Juliet (Hebald)">Romeo and Juliet</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Equestrian_statue_of_Jos%C3%A9_de_San_Mart%C3%ADn_(Central_Park)" title="Equestrian statue of José de San Martín (Central Park)">José de San Martín</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Walter_Scott_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Walter Scott (New York City)">Sir Walter Scott</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Regiment_Memorial" title="Seventh Regiment Memorial">Seventh Regiment Memorial</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_William_Shakespeare_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of William Shakespeare (New York City)">William Shakespeare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_J._Marion_Sims" title="Statue of J. Marion Sims">J. Marion Sims</a></i> (moved 2018)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Gates" title="The Gates">The Gates</a></i> (temporary, 2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Tempest_(Hebald)" title="The Tempest (Hebald)">The Tempest</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Untermyer_Fountain" title="Untermyer Fountain">Untermyer Fountain</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Three_Dancing_Maidens" title="Three Dancing Maidens">Three Dancing Maidens</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Maine_National_Monument" title="USS Maine National Monument">USS <i>Maine</i> National Monument</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Daniel_Webster_(New_York_City)" title="Statue of Daniel Webster (New York City)">Daniel Webster</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Women%27s_Rights_Pioneers_Monument" title="Women's Rights Pioneers Monument">Women's Rights Pioneers Monument</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Other_features" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Other features</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arsenal_(Central_Park)" title="Arsenal (Central Park)">Arsenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballplayers_House" title="Ballplayers House">Ballplayers House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvedere_Castle" title="Belvedere Castle">Belvedere Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethesda_Terrace_and_Fountain" title="Bethesda Terrace and Fountain">Bethesda Terrace and Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockhouse_No._1" title="Blockhouse No. 1">Blockhouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_arches_and_bridges_in_Central_Park" title="List of arches and bridges in Central Park">Bridges</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_Bridge_(Central_Park)" title="Bow Bridge (Central Park)">Bow</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Carousel" title="Central Park Carousel">Carousel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Casino" title="Central Park Casino">Central Park Casino</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cherry_Hill_Fountain" title="Cherry Hill Fountain">Cherry Hill Fountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dairy" title="The Dairy">The Dairy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delacorte_Theater" title="Delacorte Theater">Delacorte Theater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana_Ross_Playground" title="Diana Ross Playground">Diana Ross Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Clinton_(Central_Park)" title="Fort Clinton (Central Park)">Fort Clinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heckscher_Playground" title="Heckscher Playground">Heckscher Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lasker_Rink" title="Lasker Rink">Lasker Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Mall" title="Central Park Mall">Mall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Cottage_Marionette_Theatre" title="Swedish Cottage Marionette Theatre">Marionette Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McGown%27s_Pass_Tavern" class="mw-redirect" title="McGown's Pass Tavern">McGown's Pass Tavern</a> (demolished)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Morris_Hunt_Memorial" title="Richard Morris Hunt Memorial">Richard Morris Hunt Memorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rumsey_Playfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Rumsey Playfield">Rumsey Playfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarr_Family_Playground" title="Tarr Family Playground">Tarr Family Playground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tavern_on_the_Green" title="Tavern on the Green">Tavern on the Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorian_Gardens" title="Victorian Gardens">Victorian Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wollman_Rink" title="Wollman Rink">Wollman Rink</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Zoo" title="Central Park Zoo">Zoo</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/63rd_Street_lines" title="63rd Street lines">Zoo York Wall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoo_York_(Central_Park)" title="Zoo York (Central Park)">Zoo York</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Events" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Events</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_be-ins" title="Central Park be-ins">Be-Ins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Concert_in_Central_Park" title="The Concert in Central Park">The Concert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UAE_Healthy_Kidney_10K" title="UAE Healthy Kidney 10K">UAE Healthy Kidney 10K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Mini_10K" title="New York Mini 10K">New York Mini 10K</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concerto:_One_Night_in_Central_Park" title="Concerto: One Night in Central Park">Concerto: One Night in Central Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_the_Park_(New_York_City)" title="Shakespeare in the Park (New York City)">Shakespeare in the Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_SummerStage" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Park SummerStage">SummerStage</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Transport" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Transport</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">Border roads</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Douglass_Circle" title="Frederick Douglass Circle">Frederick Douglass Circle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/110th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="110th Street (Manhattan)">110th Street</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Duke_Ellington_Circle" title="Duke Ellington Circle">Duke Ellington Circle</a></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Avenue_(Manhattan)" title="Eighth Avenue (Manhattan)">Eighth Avenue</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><span style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em"><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">Central Park</a></span><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue" title="Fifth Avenue">Fifth Avenue</a></td> </tr><tr> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Columbus Circle</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/59th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="59th Street (Manhattan)">59th Street</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grand_Army_Plaza_(Manhattan)" title="Grand Army Plaza (Manhattan)">Grand Army Plaza</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%">Transverses</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/66th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="66th Street (Manhattan)">66th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/79th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="79th Street (Manhattan)">79th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/85th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="85th Street (Manhattan)">85th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="96th Street (Manhattan)">97th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#bbeb85;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Avenue%E2%80%9359th_Street_station" title="Fifth Avenue–59th Street station">Fifth Avenue–59th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/59th_Street%E2%80%93Columbus_Circle_station" title="59th Street–Columbus Circle station">59th Street–Columbus Circle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/72nd_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="72nd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">72nd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/81st_Street%E2%80%93Museum_of_Natural_History_station" title="81st Street–Museum of Natural History station">81st Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/86th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="86th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">86th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/96th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="96th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">96th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/103rd_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="103rd Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">103rd Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathedral_Parkway%E2%80%93110th_Street_station_(IND_Eighth_Avenue_Line)" title="Cathedral Parkway–110th Street station (IND Eighth Avenue Line)">Cathedral Parkway–110th Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_North%E2%80%93110th_Street_station" title="Central Park North–110th Street station">Central Park North–110th Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Notable_figures" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notable figures</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Barlow_Rogers" title="Elizabeth Barlow Rogers">Elizabeth Barlow Rogers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Haswell_Green" title="Andrew Haswell Green">Andrew Haswell Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Wrey_Mould" title="Jacob Wrey Mould">Jacob Wrey Mould</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Law_Olmsted" title="Frederick Law Olmsted">Frederick Law Olmsted</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignaz_Anton_Pilat" class="mw-redirect" title="Ignaz Anton Pilat">Ignaz Anton Pilat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Starr_Saphir" title="Starr Saphir">Starr Saphir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calvert_Vaux" title="Calvert Vaux">Calvert Vaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egbert_Ludovicus_Viele" title="Egbert Ludovicus Viele">Egbert Ludovicus Viele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_E._Waring_Jr." title="George E. Waring Jr.">George E. Waring Jr.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Notable_animals" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Notable animals</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barry_(owl)" title="Barry (owl)">Barry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flaco_(owl)" title="Flaco (owl)">Flaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gus_(bear)" title="Gus (bear)">Gus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_mandarin_duck" title="Central Park mandarin duck">Mandarin Patinkin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_Male" title="Pale Male">Pale Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pattycake_(gorilla)" title="Pattycake (gorilla)">Pattycake</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div id="Miscellaneous" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Miscellaneous</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_birdwatching_incident" title="Central Park birdwatching incident">Birdwatching incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Conservancy" title="Central Park Conservancy">Conservancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_jogger_case" title="Central Park jogger case">Jogger case</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_Medical_Unit" title="Central Park Medical Unit">Medical Unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Park_in_popular_culture" title="Central Park in popular culture">Popular culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFE6;"><div>See also: <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_and_Recreation" title="New York City Department of Parks and Recreation">New York City Department of Parks and Recreation</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/21px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/32px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_New_York_City.svg/42px-Flag_of_New_York_City.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="300" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:New_York_City" title="Portal:New York City">New York City</a></li></ul></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109968#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109968#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109968#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/315530083">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group 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