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<div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice" class="mw-body-content"></div> <div class="mw-indicators mw-body-content"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading">Martin Rees</h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="mw-body-content"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> <div id="contentSub"></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"><div class="mw-parser-output"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">British cosmologist and astrophysicist</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;font-size: 100%;"><div class="honorific-prefix" style="display:inline; font-weight: normal;"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Right_Honourable" title="The Right Honourable">The Right Honourable</a></div><br/><div style="display:inline-block; font-size:130%;" class="fn">The Lord Rees of Ludlow</div><br/><div class="honorific-suffix" style="display:inline; font-weight: normal;"><span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:100;"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering">FREng</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences">FMedSci</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society">FRAS</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rees_of_Ludlow_crop_2.jpg" class="image"><img alt="Official portrait of Lord Rees of Ludlow crop 2.jpg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rees_of_Ludlow_crop_2.jpg/220px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rees_of_Ludlow_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rees_of_Ludlow_crop_2.jpg/330px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rees_of_Ludlow_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rees_of_Ludlow_crop_2.jpg/440px-Official_portrait_of_Lord_Rees_of_Ludlow_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="2000"/></a><div style="line-height:normal;padding-top:0.2em;">Parliamentary portrait, 2019</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">60th <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Society">President of the Royal Society</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br/>2005–2010</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_May,_Baron_May_of_Oxford" title="Robert May, Baron May of Oxford">The Lord May of Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em">78th <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="President of the Royal Astronomical Society">President of the Royal Astronomical Society</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br/>1992–1994</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Pounds" title="Ken Pounds">Ken Pounds</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_Jordan" title="Carole Jordan">Carole Jordan</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em 0.2em"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the House of Lords">Member of the House of Lords</a><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord_Temporal" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Temporal">Lord Temporal</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><div style="width:100%; margin:0; background-color: lavender"><b><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incumbent" title="Incumbent">Incumbent</a></b></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>Assumed office</b></span> <br/>6 September 2005<br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Peerage">Life Peerage</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Born</th><td><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday">1942-06-23</span>) </span>23 June 1942<span class="noprint ForceAgeToShow"> (age 78)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yorkshire" title="Yorkshire">Yorkshire</a>, England</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Political party</th><td>None (<a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbencher" title="Crossbencher">crossbencher</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Spouse(s)</th><td><div style="display:inline;white-space:nowrap;"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Humphrey" title="Caroline Humphrey">Caroline Humphrey</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1986)<wbr/></div><sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Website</th><td><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.ast.cam.ac.uk/~mjr/">www<wbr/>.ast<wbr/>.cam<wbr/>.ac<wbr/>.uk<wbr/>/~mjr<wbr/>/</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Education</th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury_School" title="Shrewsbury School">Shrewsbury School</a><sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1">[1]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Alma mater</th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a> (BA, MA, PhD)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Known for</th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background" title="Cosmic microwave background">Cosmic microwave background</a> radiation <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">quasars</a><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomer_Royal" title="Astronomer Royal">Astronomer Royal</a><br/> President of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Awards</th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannie_Heineman_Prize_for_Astrophysics" title="Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics">Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1984)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1987)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzan_Prize" title="Balzan Prize">Balzan Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1989)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Franklin_Institute_Awards" class="mw-redirect" title="The Franklin Institute Awards">Bower Award</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(1998)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruber_Prize_in_Cosmology" title="Gruber Prize in Cosmology">Gruber Prize in Cosmology</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2001)</span><br/> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2003)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Faraday Prize">Michael Faraday Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2004)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crafoord_Prize" title="Crafoord Prize">Crafoord Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2005)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton_Prize" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2011)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaac Newton Medal">Isaac Newton Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2012)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalton_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Dalton Medal">Dalton Medal</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2012)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HonFREng" class="mw-redirect" title="HonFREng">HonFREng</a><sup id="cite_ref-List_of_Fellows_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Fellows-2">[2]</a></sup> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2007)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nierenberg_Prize" title="Nierenberg Prize">Nierenberg Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2015)</span><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky_Prize_for_Astrophysics_and_Cosmology" title="Fritz Zwicky Prize for Astrophysics and Cosmology">Fritz Zwicky Prize</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(2020)</span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><b>Scientific career</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Fields</th><td class="category"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">Astronomy</a><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Institutions</th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a><br/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">University of Sussex</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thesis" title="Thesis">Thesis</a></th><td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/6118741?style=html"><i>Physical processes in radio sources and inter-galactic medium</i></a> <span style="font-size:97%;">(1967)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doctoral_advisor" title="Doctoral advisor">Doctoral advisor</a></th><td><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Sciama" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis Sciama">Dennis Sciama</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-3">[3]</a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Doctoral students</th><td><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Blandford" title="Roger Blandford">Roger Blandford</a><sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blandphd_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blandphd-4">[4]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Hogan" title="Craig Hogan">Craig Hogan</a><sup id="cite_ref-Hogan1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan1-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hogan2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan2-6">[6]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priyamvada_Natarajan" title="Priyamvada Natarajan">Priyamvada Natarajan</a><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Pringle" title="James E. Pringle">James E. Pringle</a><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Kaiser" title="Nick Kaiser">Nick Kaiser</a><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a></sup></li></ul> </div> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_Stepney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Stepney (page does not exist)">Susan Stepney</a><sup id="cite_ref-stepphd_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stepphd-10">[10]</a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2"></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"><center><table role="presentation" class="mbox-small noprint" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000;border-collapse:collapse; border-width:1px 0 0 0; background:transparent; float:none; margin:0 -5px"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1px"></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist" style="line-height:1.1em"><div class="haudio"> <div style="padding:4px 0"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Martin_Rees_BBC_Radio4_The_Reith_Lectures_22_June_2010_b00srktg.flac" title="File:Martin Rees BBC Radio4 The Reith Lectures 22 June 2010 b00srktg.flac"><center>Martin Rees' voice</center></a></div> <div><div class="mediaContainer" style="width:220px"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" style="width:220px" class="kskin" data-durationhint="36.730833333333" data-startoffset="0" data-mwtitle="Martin_Rees_BBC_Radio4_The_Reith_Lectures_22_June_2010_b00srktg.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Martin_Rees_BBC_Radio4_The_Reith_Lectures_22_June_2010_b00srktg.flac/Martin_Rees_BBC_Radio4_The_Reith_Lectures_22_June_2010_b00srktg.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-title="Ogg Vorbis" data-shorttitle="Ogg Vorbis" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="92632"/><source src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/c/c6/Martin_Rees_BBC_Radio4_The_Reith_Lectures_22_June_2010_b00srktg.flac/Martin_Rees_BBC_Radio4_The_Reith_Lectures_22_June_2010_b00srktg.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-title="MP3" data-shorttitle="MP3" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="180792"/><source src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/c6/Martin_Rees_BBC_Radio4_The_Reith_Lectures_22_June_2010_b00srktg.flac" type="audio/flac" data-title="Original FLAC file (504 kbps)" data-shorttitle="FLAC source" data-width="0" data-height="0" data-bandwidth="504349"/></audio></div></div> <div class="description" style="padding:2px 0 0 0"><center><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Martin_Rees_BBC_Radio4_The_Reith_Lectures_22_June_2010_b00srktg.flac" title="File:Martin Rees BBC Radio4 The Reith Lectures 22 June 2010 b00srktg.flac">Recorded June 2010</a> from the BBC Radio 4 programme the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reith_Lectures" title="Reith Lectures">Reith Lectures</a></center></div></div></td></tr> </tbody></table></center></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Martin John Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow</b>, <span class="noexcerpt nowraplinks" style="font-size:100;"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Member_of_the_Order_of_Merit" class="mw-redirect" title="Member of the Order of Merit">OM</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">FRS</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering">FREng</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Academy_of_Medical_Sciences" title="Fellow of the Academy of Medical Sciences">FMedSci</a><span style="font-size:14px;">,</span> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellow of the Royal Astronomical Society">FRAS</a></span><sup id="cite_ref-frs_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-frs-11">[11]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-List_of_Fellows_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Fellows-2">[2]</a></sup> (born 23 June 1942) is a <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_people" title="British people">British</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology" title="Physical cosmology">cosmologist</a> and <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">astrophysicist</a>. He has been <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomer_Royal" title="Astronomer Royal">Astronomer Royal</a> since 1995<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a></sup> and was <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_(college)" title="Master (college)">Master</a> of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a> from 2004 to 2012 and <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President_of_the_Royal_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="President of the Royal Society">President of the Royal Society</a> between 2005 and 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-scopus_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scopus-15">[15]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-lcauth_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-lcauth-16">[16]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"/><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Education_and_early_life"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Education and early life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Career_and_research"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Career and research</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Publications"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Publications</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Afterword_to_other_books"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Afterword to other books</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="#Honours_and_awards"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">Honours and awards</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Personal_life"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Personal life</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Education_and_early_life">Education and early life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Rees&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Education and early life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Rees was born on 23 June 1942 in <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>, England.<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1">[1]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a></sup> After a peripatetic life during the war his parents, both teachers, settled with Rees, an only child, in a rural part of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shropshire" title="Shropshire">Shropshire</a> near the border with Wales. There, his parents founded <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedstone_College" class="mw-redirect" title="Bedstone College">Bedstone College</a>, a boarding school based on progressive educational concepts.<sup id="cite_ref-templetonprize.org_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-templetonprize.org-22">[22]</a></sup> He was educated at Bedstone College, then from the age of 13 at <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury_School" title="Shrewsbury School">Shrewsbury School</a>. He studied for the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical_tripos" class="mw-redirect" title="Mathematical tripos">mathematical tripos</a> at <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College, Cambridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1">[1]</a></sup> graduating with <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_class_honours" class="mw-redirect" title="First class honours">first class honours</a>. He then undertook post-graduate research at Cambridge and completed a PhD supervised by <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Sciama" class="mw-redirect" title="Dennis Sciama">Dennis Sciama</a> in 1967.<sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-reesphd_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reesphd-23">[23]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a></sup> Rees' post-graduate work in astrophysics in the mid-1960s coincided with an explosion of new discoveries, with breakthroughs ranging from confirmation of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big_Bang" title="Big Bang">Big Bang</a>, the discovery of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_stars" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutron stars">neutron stars</a> and <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_holes" class="mw-redirect" title="Black holes">black holes</a>, and a host of other revelations.<sup id="cite_ref-templetonprize.org_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-templetonprize.org-22">[22]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Career_and_research">Career and research</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Rees&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career and research">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>After holding <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postdoctoral_research" class="mw-redirect" title="Postdoctoral research">postdoctoral research</a> positions in the United Kingdom and the United States, he taught at <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Sussex" title="University of Sussex">Sussex University</a> and the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">University of Cambridge</a>, where he was the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plumian_Professor_of_Astronomy_and_Experimental_Philosophy" title="Plumian Professor of Astronomy and Experimental Philosophy">Plumian Professor</a> until 1991, and the director of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Astronomy,_Cambridge" title="Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge">Institute of Astronomy</a>. </p><p>From 1992 to 2003, he was Royal Society Research Professor, and from 2003 Professor of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical_cosmology" title="Physical cosmology">Cosmology</a> and <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics" title="Astrophysics">Astrophysics</a>. He was Professor of Astronomy at <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gresham_College" title="Gresham College">Gresham College</a>, London, in 1975 and became a <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fellow_of_the_Royal_Society" title="Fellow of the Royal Society">Fellow of the Royal Society</a> in 1979. He holds visiting professorships at <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperial_College_London" title="Imperial College London">Imperial College London</a> and at the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University_of_Leicester" title="University of Leicester">University of Leicester</a>. He is a fellow of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin_College,_Cambridge" title="Darwin College, Cambridge">Darwin College, Cambridge</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-DarwinCollege_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DarwinCollege-25">[25]</a></sup> and an Honorary Fellow of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%27s_College,_Cambridge" title="King's College, Cambridge">King's College</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a></sup> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare_Hall,_Cambridge" title="Clare Hall, Cambridge">Clare Hall</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a></sup> and <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesus_College,_Cambridge" title="Jesus College, Cambridge">Jesus College, Cambridge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-JesusCollege_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JesusCollege-28">[28]</a></sup> </p><p>Rees is the author of more than 500 research papers,<sup id="cite_ref-scopus_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scopus-15">[15]</a></sup> and he has made contributions to the origin of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cosmic_microwave_background_radiation" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosmic microwave background radiation">cosmic microwave background radiation</a>, as well as to <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galaxy" title="Galaxy">galaxy</a> clustering and formation. His studies of the distribution of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasar" title="Quasar">quasars</a> led to final disproof of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steady_state_theory" class="mw-redirect" title="Steady state theory">steady state theory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-scopus_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-scopus-15">[15]</a></sup> </p><p>He was one of the first to propose that enormous <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_hole" title="Black hole">black holes</a> power quasars,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a></sup> and that <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faster-than-light" title="Faster-than-light">superluminal</a> astronomical observations can be explained as an <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_illusions" class="mw-redirect" title="Optical illusions">optical illusion</a> caused by an object moving partly in the direction of the observer.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1990s, Rees has worked on <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma-ray_bursts" class="mw-redirect" title="Gamma-ray bursts">gamma-ray bursts</a>, especially in collaboration with <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_M%C3%A9sz%C3%A1ros" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Mészáros">Peter Mészáros</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Meszaros_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Meszaros-31">[31]</a></sup> and on how the "cosmic dark ages" ended when the first stars formed. Since the 1970s he has been interested in <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthropic_principle" title="Anthropic principle">anthropic</a> reasoning, and the possibility that our visible universe is part of a vaster "<a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse" title="Multiverse">multiverse</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-Carr_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Carr-32">[32]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hawking_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hawking-33">[33]</a></sup> </p><p>Rees is an author of books on <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astronomy" title="Astronomy">astronomy</a> and science intended for the lay public and gives many public lectures and broadcasts. In 2010 he was chosen to deliver the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reith_Lectures" title="Reith Lectures">Reith Lectures</a> for the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a></sup> now published as <i>From Here to Infinity: Scientific Horizons</i>. Rees thinks the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Search_for_extraterrestrial_intelligence" title="Search for extraterrestrial intelligence">search for extraterrestrial intelligence</a> is worthwhile.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a></sup> </p><p>Aside from expanding his scientific interests, Rees has written and spoken extensively about the problems and challenges of the 21st century, and the interfaces between science, ethics, and politics.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a></sup> He is a member of the Board of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Advanced_Study" title="Institute for Advanced Study">Institute for Advanced Study</a>, in Princeton, the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_Martin_School" title="Oxford Martin School">Oxford Martin School</a>, and the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gates_Cambridge_Trust" class="mw-redirect" title="Gates Cambridge Trust">Gates Cambridge Trust</a>. He co-founded the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a></sup> and serves on the Scientific Advisory Board for the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a></sup> He has formerly been a Trustee of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Museum_(London)" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Museum (London)">Science Museum</a> and the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Public_Policy_Research" title="Institute for Public Policy Research">Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR)</a>. </p><p>In August 2014, Rees was one of 200 public figures who were signatories to a letter to <i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> expressing their hope that Scotland would vote to remain part of the United Kingdom in September's <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Scottish_independence_referendum" title="2014 Scottish independence referendum">referendum on that issue</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Apollo_Programme" title="Global Apollo Programme">Global Apollo Programme</a>, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund coordinated research to make <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renewable_energy" title="Renewable energy">carbon-free</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Base_load_power_plant" class="mw-redirect" title="Base load power plant">baseload electricity</a> less costly than <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil_fuel_power_station" title="Fossil fuel power station">electricity from coal</a> by the year 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-Guardian_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Guardian-43">[43]</a></sup> </p><p>His doctoral students have included <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Blandford" title="Roger Blandford">Roger Blandford</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-mathgene_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mathgene-3">[3]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-blandphd_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-blandphd-4">[4]</a></sup> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig_Hogan" title="Craig Hogan">Craig Hogan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Hogan1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan1-5">[5]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Hogan2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hogan2-6">[6]</a></sup> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Kaiser" title="Nick Kaiser">Nick Kaiser</a><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a></sup> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priyamvada_Natarajan" title="Priyamvada Natarajan">Priyamvada Natarajan</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a></sup> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Pringle" title="James E. Pringle">James E. Pringle</a> and <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Susan_Stepney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Susan Stepney (page does not exist)">Susan Stepney</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-stepphd_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-stepphd-10">[10]</a></sup> </p> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Publications">Publications</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Rees&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Publications">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r998391716">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><i>Cosmic Coincidences: Dark Matter, Mankind, and Anthropic Cosmology</i> (co-author <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Gribbin" title="John Gribbin">John Gribbin</a>), 1989, Bantam; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r999302996">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-553-34740-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-553-34740-3">0-553-34740-3</a></li> <li><i>New Perspectives in Astrophysical Cosmology</i>, 1995; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-64544-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-64544-1">0-521-64544-1</a></li> <li><i>Gravity's Fatal Attraction: Black Holes in the Universe</i>, 1995; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7167-6029-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-7167-6029-0">0-7167-6029-0</a>, 2nd edition 2009, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-71793-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-71793-0">0-521-71793-0</a></li> <li><i>Before the Beginning – Our Universe and Others</i>, 1997; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7382-0033-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-7382-0033-6">0-7382-0033-6</a></li> <li><i>Just Six Numbers: The Deep Forces That Shape the Universe</i>, 1999; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-297-84297-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-297-84297-8">0-297-84297-8</a></li> <li><i>Our Cosmic Habitat</i>, 2001; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-11477-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-11477-3">0-691-11477-3</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Final_Hour" title="Our Final Hour">Our Final Hour</a>: A Scientist's Warning: How Terror, Error, and Environmental Disaster Threaten Humankind's Future In This Century—On Earth and Beyond</i> (UK title: <i>Our Final Century: Will the Human Race Survive the Twenty-first Century?</i>), 2003; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-465-06862-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-465-06862-6">0-465-06862-6</a></li> <li><i>What We Still Don't Know</i> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9821-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7139-9821-4">978-0-7139-9821-4</a> yet to be published.</li> <li><i>From Here to Infinity: Scientific Horizons</i>, 2011; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84668-5033" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84668-5033">978-1-84668-5033</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On_the_Future" title="On the Future">On the Future</a>: Prospects for Humanity</i>, October 2018, Princeton University Press; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780691180441" title="Special:BookSources/9780691180441">9780691180441</a></li></ul> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Afterword_to_other_books">Afterword to other books</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Rees&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Afterword to other books">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <ul><li>Afterword to Shyam Wuppuluri, Dali Wu (Eds.), "On Art and Science: Tango of an Eternally Inseparable Duo" Springer, The Frontier Collection 2019.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a></sup></li></ul> </div> <h3><span class="mw-headline" id="Honours_and_awards">Honours and awards</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Rees&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Honours and awards">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h3> <p>He has been President of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Royal Astronomical Society">Royal Astronomical Society</a> (1992–94) and the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British_Association" class="mw-redirect" title="British Association">British Association</a> (1995–96), and was a Member of Council of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Institution_of_Great_Britain" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Institution of Great Britain">Royal Institution of Great Britain</a> until 2010. Rees has received honorary degrees from a number of universities including Hull, Sussex, Uppsala, Toronto, Durham, Oxford, Yale, Melbourne and Sydney. He belongs to several foreign academies, including the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/US_National_Academy_of_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="US National Academy of Sciences">US National Academy of Sciences</a>, the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Russian Academy of Sciences">Russian Academy of Sciences</a>, the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontifical_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Pontifical Academy of Sciences">Pontifical Academy of Sciences</a>, the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Netherlands_Academy_of_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences">Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a></sup> the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science_Academy_of_Turkey" class="mw-redirect" title="Science Academy of Turkey">Science Academy of Turkey</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a></sup> and the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan_Academy" title="Japan Academy">Japan Academy</a>. He became President of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a> on 1 December 2005<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a></sup> and continued until the end of the Society's 350th Anniversary Celebrations in 2010. In 2011, he was awarded the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton_Prize" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton Prize</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a></sup> In 2005, Rees was elevated to a <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peerage</a>, sitting as a <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crossbencher" title="Crossbencher">crossbencher</a> in the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a> as Baron Rees of Ludlow, of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludlow" title="Ludlow">Ludlow</a> in the County of Shropshire.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a></sup> In 2005, he was awarded the Crafoord Prize.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a></sup> Other awards and honours include: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r998391716"/><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannie_Heineman_Prize_for_Astrophysics" title="Dannie Heineman Prize for Astrophysics">Heineman Prize</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold_Medal_of_the_Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society">Gold Medal of the Royal Astronomical Society</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balzan_Prize" title="Balzan Prize">Balzan Prize</a> (1989) for High Energy Astrophysics</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knight_Bachelor" title="Knight Bachelor">Knight Bachelor</a> (1992)<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce_Medal" title="Bruce Medal">Bruce Medal</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_degree" title="Honorary degree">Honorary doctorate</a> from the Faculty of Science and Technology at <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uppsala_University" title="Uppsala University">Uppsala University</a>, <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a><sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></sup> (1995)</li> <li>Golden Plate Award of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Academy_of_Achievement" title="Academy of Achievement">American Academy of Achievement</a> (1999)<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno_Rossi_Prize" title="Bruno Rossi Prize">Bruno Rossi Prize</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gruber_Prize_in_Cosmology" title="Gruber Prize in Cosmology">Gruber Prize in Cosmology</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science</a> (2003)<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Norris_Russell_Lectureship" title="Henry Norris Russell Lectureship">Henry Norris Russell Lectureship</a> of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Astronomical_Society" title="American Astronomical Society">American Astronomical Society</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lifeboat_Foundation" title="Lifeboat Foundation">Lifeboat Foundation</a>'s Guardian Award (2004)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a>'s <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Faraday_Prize" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Faraday Prize">Michael Faraday Prize</a> for science communication (2004)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life_Peerage" class="mw-redirect" title="Life Peerage">Life Peerage</a> (2005)<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crafoord_Prize" title="Crafoord Prize">Crafoord Prize</a>, with <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_E._Gunn_(astronomer)" class="mw-redirect" title="James E. Gunn (astronomer)">James Gunn</a> and <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_James_Edwin_Peebles" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip James Edwin Peebles">James Peebles</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order_of_Merit" title="Order of Merit">Order of Merit</a> – the personal gift of <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_II" title="Elizabeth II">The Queen</a> (2007)<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a></sup></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caird_Medal" class="mw-redirect" title="Caird Medal">Caird Medal</a> of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Maritime_Museum" title="National Maritime Museum">National Maritime Museum</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorary_Fellow" class="mw-redirect" title="Honorary Fellow">Honorary Fellow</a><sup id="cite_ref-List_of_Fellows_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Fellows-2">[2]</a></sup> of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Academy_of_Engineering" title="Royal Academy of Engineering">Royal Academy of Engineering</a><sup id="cite_ref-List_of_Fellows_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-List_of_Fellows-2">[2]</a></sup> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton_Prize" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton Prize</a><sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a></sup> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Physics_Isaac_Newton_Medal" title="Institute of Physics Isaac Newton Medal">Institute of Physics Isaac Newton Medal</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac_Medal" title="Dirac Medal">Dirac Medal</a> ICTP (2013)<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a></sup></li> <li>Honorary Doctorate, <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> (awarded in Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA on 26 May 2016)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lilienfeld_Prize" title="Lilienfeld Prize">Lilienfeld Prize</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz_Zwicky_Prize_for_Astrophysics_and_Cosmology" title="Fritz Zwicky Prize for Astrophysics and Cosmology">Fritz Zwicky Prize for Astrophysics and Cosmology</a><sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a></sup> (2020).</li> <li>Elected a Legacy Fellow of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American_Astronomical_Society" title="American Astronomical Society">American Astronomical Society</a> in 2020. <sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a></sup></li></ul> </div> <p>The <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">Asteroid</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4587_Rees" title="4587 Rees">4587 Rees</a> and the Sir Martin Rees Academic Scholarship at <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shrewsbury_International_School" title="Shrewsbury International School">Shrewsbury International School</a> are named in his honour. </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="Personal_life">Personal life</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Rees&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Personal life">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <p>Rees married the anthropologist <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline_Humphrey" title="Caroline Humphrey">Caroline Humphrey</a> in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-whoswho_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whoswho-1">[1]</a></sup> He is an atheist but has criticised militant atheists for being too hostile to religion.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a></sup> Rees is a lifelong supporter of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a>, but has no party affiliation when sitting in the House of Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a></sup> </p> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="See_also">See also</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Rees&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle_chauvinism" title="Particle chauvinism">Particle chauvinism</a></li></ul> <h2><span class="mw-headline" id="References">References</span><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Martin_Rees&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References">edit</a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-whoswho-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whoswho_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Anon (2017) <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/view/article/oupww/whoswho/U32152">"REES OF LUDLOW, Baron"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%27s_Who_(UK)" title="Who's Who (UK)">Who's Who</a></i>. <i>ukwhoswho.com</i> (online <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford_University_Press" title="Oxford University Press">Oxford University Press</a> ed.). A & C Black, an imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing plc.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=REES+OF+LUDLOW%2C+Baron&rft.btitle=Who%27s+Who&rft.edition=online+Oxford+University+Press&rft.pub=A+%26+C+Black%2C+an+imprint+of+Bloomsbury+Publishing+plc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukwhoswho.com%2Fview%2Farticle%2Foupww%2Fwhoswho%2FU32152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.ukwhoswho.com/page/subscribe#public">UK public library membership</a> required)</span> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fww%2F9780199540884.013.32152">10.1093/ww/9780199540884.013.32152</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-List_of_Fellows-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Fellows_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Fellows_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Fellows_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-List_of_Fellows_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.raeng.org.uk/about-us/people-council-committees/the-fellowship/list-of-fellows">"List of Fellows"</a>. <i>raeng.org.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=raeng.org.uk&rft.atitle=List+of+Fellows&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.raeng.org.uk%2Fabout-us%2Fpeople-council-committees%2Fthe-fellowship%2Flist-of-fellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-mathgene-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-mathgene_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://mathgenealogy.org/id.php?id=78460">Martin Rees</a> at the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_Genealogy_Project" title="Mathematics Genealogy Project">Mathematics Genealogy Project</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-blandphd-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blandphd_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-blandphd_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFBlandford1973" class="citation thesis cs1">Blandford, Roger David (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://ulmss-newton.lib.cam.ac.uk/vwebv/holdingsInfo?bibId=6228"><i>Electrodynamics and astrophysical applications of strong waves</i></a>. <i>lib.cam.ac.uk</i> (PhD thesis). 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://royalsociety.org/people/martin-rees-12156/">the original</a> on 17 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=royalsociety&rft.atitle=The+Lord+Rees+of+Ludlow+OM+Kt+HonFREng+FRS&rft.date=2015&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fpeople%2Fmartin-rees-12156%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span> One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from the royalsociety.org website where: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r996844942">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"All text published under the heading 'Biography' on Fellow profile pages is available under <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creative_Commons_license" title="Creative Commons license">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License</a>.” --<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://web.archive.org/web/20161111170346/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/">"Royal Society Terms, conditions and policies"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://royalsociety.org/about-us/terms-conditions-policies/">the original</a> on 11 November 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Royal+Society+Terms%2C+conditions+and+policies&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Froyalsociety.org%2Fabout-us%2Fterms-conditions-policies%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></p></blockquote></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://web.archive.org/web/20150104225904/http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/astronomy-facts/history/portraits-of-the-astronomers-royal">"Portraits of Astronomers Royal"</a>. <i>rmg.co.uk</i>. Royal Museums Greenwich. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.rmg.co.uk/explore/astronomy-and-time/astronomy-facts/history/portraits-of-the-astronomers-royal">the original</a> on 4 January 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=rmg.co.uk&rft.atitle=Portraits+of+Astronomers+Royal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rmg.co.uk%2Fexplore%2Fastronomy-and-time%2Fastronomy-facts%2Fhistory%2Fportraits-of-the-astronomers-royal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalHousehold/OfficialRoyalposts/AstronomerRoyal.aspx">"Astronomer Royal"</a>. <i>The official website of the British Monarchy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 June</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+official+website+of+the+British+Monarchy&rft.atitle=Astronomer+Royal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FTheRoyalHousehold%2FOfficialRoyalposts%2FAstronomerRoyal.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://web.archive.org/web/20160308012357/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalHousehold/OfficialRoyalposts/AstronomerRoyal.aspx">"Astronomer Royal"</a>. <i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">The British Monarchy</a></i>. <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Households_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Royal Households of the United Kingdom">Royal Household</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalHousehold/OfficialRoyalposts/AstronomerRoyal.aspx">the original</a> on 8 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+British+Monarchy&rft.atitle=Astronomer+Royal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.royal.gov.uk%2FTheRoyalHousehold%2FOfficialRoyalposts%2FAstronomerRoyal.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-scopus-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-scopus_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scopus_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-scopus_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.scopus.com/authid/detail.url?authorId=7201512394">Martin Rees</a> publications indexed by the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scopus" title="Scopus">Scopus</a> bibliographic database. <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-lcauth-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-lcauth_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://lccn.loc.gov/n80138784">Martin J. Rees</a> at <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Authorities, with 23 catalogue records</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.ted.com/speakers/sir_martin_rees.html">"2005 talk: Is this our final century?"</a>. <i>ted.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ted.com&rft.atitle=2005+talk%3A+Is+this+our+final+century%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ted.com%2Fspeakers%2Fsir_martin_rees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span> accessed 31 August 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://web.archive.org/web/20100128020501/http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/1729">"Interviews with Charlie Rose, 2003 and 2008"</a>. <i>charlierose.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.charlierose.com/guest/view/1729">the original</a> on 28 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=charlierose.com&rft.atitle=Interviews+with+Charlie+Rose%2C+2003+and+2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.charlierose.com%2Fguest%2Fview%2F1729&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span> accessed 31 August 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFAnon2010" class="citation web cs1">Anon (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.newstatesman.com/ideas/2010/04/interview-science-climate">"New Statesman Interviews Martin Rees"</a>. <i>newstatesman.com</i>. <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Statesman" title="New Statesman">New Statesman</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=newstatesman.com&rft.atitle=New+Statesman+Interviews+Martin+Rees&rft.date=2010&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newstatesman.com%2Fideas%2F2010%2F04%2Finterview-science-climate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span> accessed 31 August 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zOV_J86wBKo"><span class="plainlinks">Talk by Martin Rees, March 2017</span></a> on <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">GRO Register of Births: SEP 1942 9c 1465 YORK – Martin J. Rees, mmn=Bett</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-templetonprize.org-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-templetonprize.org_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-templetonprize.org_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.templetonprize.org/previouswinners/rees.html">"Templeton Prize – Current Winner"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Templeton+Prize+%E2%80%93+Current+Winner&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.templetonprize.org%2Fpreviouswinners%2Frees.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reesphd-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reesphd_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRees1967" class="citation thesis cs1">Rees, Martin (1967). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://copac.jisc.ac.uk/id/6118741?style=html"><i>Physical Processes in Radio Sources and the Intergalactic Medium</i></a>. <i>copac.jisc.ac.uk</i> (PhD thesis). University of Cambridge.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=Physical+Processes+in+Radio+Sources+and+the+Intergalactic+Medium&rft.degree=PhD&rft.inst=University+of+Cambridge&rft.date=1967&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcopac.jisc.ac.uk%2Fid%2F6118741%3Fstyle%3Dhtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.ft.com/cms/s/2/7c844532-b80b-11e0-8868-00144feabdc0.html#axzz2IdKRAN00">"Inventory: Martin Rees"</a>. <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Financial_Times" title="Financial Times">Financial Times</a>. 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Inventory%3A+Martin+Rees&rft.pub=Financial+Times&rft.date=2014&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcms%2Fs%2F2%2F7c844532-b80b-11e0-8868-00144feabdc0.html%23axzz2IdKRAN00&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-size:90%; color:#555">(subscription required)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-DarwinCollege-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-DarwinCollege_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.darwin.cam.ac.uk/people/fellows">"Master & fellows"</a>. Darwin College Cambridge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Master+%26+fellows&rft.pub=Darwin+College+Cambridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.darwin.cam.ac.uk%2Fpeople%2Ffellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/http://www.kings.cam.ac.uk/research/fellows/honorary.html">"Honorary Fellows"</a>. <i>www.kings.cam.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.kings.cam.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Honorary+Fellows&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kings.cam.ac.uk%2Fresearch%2Ffellows%2Fhonorary.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.clarehall.cam.ac.uk/affiliation/honorary-fellow">"Honorary Fellow | Clare Hall"</a>. <i>www.clarehall.cam.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.clarehall.cam.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Honorary+Fellow+%7C+Clare+Hall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.clarehall.cam.ac.uk%2Faffiliation%2Fhonorary-fellow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JesusCollege-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JesusCollege_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.jesus.cam.ac.uk/college/people/honorary-st-radegund-fellows">"Honorary and St Radegund Fellows"</a>. Jesus College Cambridge<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Honorary+and+St+Radegund+Fellows&rft.pub=Jesus+College+Cambridge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesus.cam.ac.uk%2Fcollege%2Fpeople%2Fhonorary-st-radegund-fellows&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRees1984" class="citation journal cs1">Rees, M.J. (1984). "Black Hole Models for Active Galactic Nuclei". <i>Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics</i>. <b>22</b>: 471–506. <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/1984ARA&A..22..471R">1984ARA&A..22..471R</a>. <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://doi.org/10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.22.090184.002351">10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.002351</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annual+Review+of+Astronomy+and+Astrophysics&rft.atitle=Black+Hole+Models+for+Active+Galactic+Nuclei&rft.volume=22&rft.pages=471-506&rft.date=1984&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1146%2Fannurev.aa.22.090184.002351&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F1984ARA%26A..22..471R&rft.aulast=Rees&rft.aufirst=M.J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRees1966" class="citation journal cs1">Rees, M.J. (1966). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Independent&rft.atitle=Martin+Rees%3A+%27We+shouldn%27t+attach+any+weight+to+what+Hawking+says&rft.date=2010-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.independent.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Fprofiles%2Fmartin-rees-we-shouldnt-attach-any-weight-to-what-hawking-says-about-god-2090421.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r999302996"/><cite id="CITEREFRadford2005" class="citation news cs1">Radford, Tim (2 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.theguardian.com/science/2005/dec/02/highereducationprofile.research">"Guardian profile: Martin Rees"</a>. <i>The Guardian</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Guardian+profile%3A+Martin+Rees&rft.date=2005-12-02&rft.aulast=Radford&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fscience%2F2005%2Fdec%2F02%2Fhighereducationprofile.research&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMartin+Rees" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p><i><a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b1/CC-BY-icon-80x15.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="15" data-file-width="80" data-file-height="15"/></a> This article incorporates <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://royalsociety.org/people/martin-rees-12156/">text</a> available under the <a href="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" class="extiw" title="creativecommons:by/4.0/">CC BY 4.0</a> license.</i> </p> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <i><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Martin_Rees" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Martin Rees"><span style="">Martin Rees</span></a></b></i>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:#f9f9f9;border:1px solid #aaa;color:#000"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="noviewer" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355"/></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to: <i><b><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" class="extiw" title="q:Martin Rees">Martin Rees</a></b></i></td></tr> </tbody></table> <table class="wikitable succession-box" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:95%;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid lightgreen">Professional and academic associations </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_May,_Baron_May_of_Oxford" title="Robert May, Baron May of Oxford">Robert May</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>60th President of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></b><br/>2005 – 2010 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a></span> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken_Pounds" title="Ken Pounds">Ken Pounds</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>78th President of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Astronomical_Society" title="Royal Astronomical Society">Royal Astronomical Society</a></b><br/>1992 – 1994 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carole_Jordan" title="Carole Jordan">Carole Jordan</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #DAA520;">Academic offices </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b>37th <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of Trinity College, Cambridge">Master of Trinity College, Cambridge</a></b><br/>2004 – 2012 </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<br/><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg_Winter" class="mw-redirect" title="Greg Winter">Greg Winter</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #cfc;"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom</a> </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<br/><span style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Goodlad" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Goodlad">The Lord Goodlad</a></span> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orders_of_precedence_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom">Gentlemen</a></b><br/><i>Baron Rees of Ludlow</i> <b></b> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Followed by<br/><b><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Turner_of_Ecchinswell" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Turner of Ecchinswell">The Lord Turner of Ecchinswell</a></b> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Astronomers_Royal" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r992953826">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bradley" title="James Bradley">James Bradley</a> (1742)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss" title="Nathaniel Bliss">Nathaniel Bliss</a> (1762)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne" title="Nevil Maskelyne">Nevil Maskelyne</a> (1765)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pond" title="John Pond">John Pond</a> (1811)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a> (1835)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Christie_(astronomer)" title="William Christie (astronomer)">William Christie</a> (1881)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Watson_Dyson" title="Frank Watson Dyson">Frank Watson Dyson</a> (1910)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold_Spencer_Jones" title="Harold Spencer Jones">Harold Spencer Jones</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_van_der_Riet_Woolley" title="Richard van der Riet Woolley">Richard van der Riet Woolley</a> (1956)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Ryle" title="Martin Ryle">Martin Ryle</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Graham-Smith" title="Francis Graham-Smith">Francis Graham-Smith</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold_Wolfendale" title="Arnold Wolfendale">Arnold Wolfendale</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees,_Baron_Rees_of_Ludlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow">Martin Rees</a> (1995)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><b><img alt="Wikipedia book" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/16px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Wikipedia book" width="16" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/23px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Symbol_book_class2.svg/31px-Symbol_book_class2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book:Astronomers_Royal" title="Book:Astronomers Royal">Book:Astronomers Royal</a> </b></li> <li><b> <img alt="Category" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Astronomers_Royal" title="Category:Astronomers Royal">Category:Astronomers Royal</a> </b></li> <li><b> <img alt="Portal" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Portal" width="16" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal:Astronomy" title="Portal:Astronomy">Portal:Astronomy</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Society" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Royal_Society_presidents" title="Template:Royal Society presidents"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Royal_Society_presidents" title="Template talk:Royal Society presidents"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Royal_Society_presidents&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Presidents_of_the_Royal_Society" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_presidents_of_the_Royal_Society" title="List of presidents of the Royal Society">Presidents</a> of the <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Society" title="Royal Society">Royal Society</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">17th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Brouncker,_2nd_Viscount_Brouncker" title="William Brouncker, 2nd Viscount Brouncker">Viscount Brouncker</a> (1662)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Williamson_(English_politician)" title="Joseph Williamson (English politician)">Joseph Williamson</a> (1677)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Wren" title="Christopher Wren">Christopher Wren</a> (1680)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_John_Hoskyns,_2nd_Baronet" title="Sir John Hoskyns, 2nd Baronet">John Hoskyns</a> (1682)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Wyche" title="Cyril Wyche">Cyril Wyche</a> (1683)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Pepys" title="Samuel Pepys">Samuel Pepys</a> (1684)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Vaughan,_3rd_Earl_of_Carbery" title="John Vaughan, 3rd Earl of Carbery">Earl of Carbery</a> (1686)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Herbert,_8th_Earl_of_Pembroke" title="Thomas Herbert, 8th Earl of Pembroke">Earl of Pembroke</a> (1689)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Robert_Southwell_(diplomat)" title="Sir Robert Southwell (diplomat)">Robert Southwell</a> (1690)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Montagu,_1st_Earl_of_Halifax" title="Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax">Charles Montagu</a> (1695)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Somers,_1st_Baron_Somers" title="John Somers, 1st Baron Somers">Lord Somers</a> (1698)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">18th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Newton" title="Isaac Newton">Isaac Newton</a> (1703)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans_Sloane" title="Hans Sloane">Hans Sloane</a> (1727)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Folkes" title="Martin Folkes">Martin Folkes</a> (1741)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Parker,_2nd_Earl_of_Macclesfield" title="George Parker, 2nd Earl of Macclesfield">Earl of Macclesfield</a> (1752)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Douglas,_14th_Earl_of_Morton" title="James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton">Earl of Morton</a> (1764)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Burrow" title="James Burrow">James Burrow</a> (1768)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_West_(antiquary)" title="James West (antiquary)">James West</a> (1768)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Burrow" title="James Burrow">James Burrow</a> (1772)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pringle_(physician)" class="mw-redirect" title="John Pringle (physician)">John Pringle</a> (1772)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Banks" title="Joseph Banks">Joseph Banks</a> (1778)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">19th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hyde_Wollaston" title="William Hyde Wollaston">William Hyde Wollaston</a> (1820)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humphry_Davy" title="Humphry Davy">Humphry Davy</a> (1820)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davies_Gilbert" title="Davies Gilbert">Davies Gilbert</a> (1827)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prince_Augustus_Frederick,_Duke_of_Sussex" title="Prince Augustus Frederick, Duke of Sussex">Duke of Sussex</a> (1830)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_2nd_Marquess_of_Northampton" title="Spencer Compton, 2nd Marquess of Northampton">Marquess of Northampton</a> (1838)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Parsons,_3rd_Earl_of_Rosse" title="William Parsons, 3rd Earl of Rosse">Earl of Rosse</a> (1848)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wrottesley,_2nd_Baron_Wrottesley" title="John Wrottesley, 2nd Baron Wrottesley">Lord Wrottesley</a> (1854)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_Benjamin_Collins_Brodie,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir Benjamin Collins Brodie, 1st Baronet">Benjamin Collins Brodie</a> (1858)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Sabine" title="Edward Sabine">Edward Sabine</a> (1861)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Biddell_Airy" title="George Biddell Airy">George Biddell Airy</a> (1871)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Dalton_Hooker" title="Joseph Dalton Hooker">Joseph Dalton Hooker</a> (1873)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Spottiswoode" title="William Spottiswoode">William Spottiswoode</a> (1878)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Henry_Huxley" title="Thomas Henry Huxley">Thomas Henry Huxley</a> (1883)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_George_Stokes,_1st_Baronet" title="Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet">George Gabriel Stokes</a> (1885)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Thomson,_1st_Baron_Kelvin" title="William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin">William Thomson</a> (1890)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Lister" title="Joseph Lister">Joseph Lister</a> (1895)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">20th century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Huggins" title="William Huggins">William Huggins</a> (1900)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Strutt,_3rd_Baron_Rayleigh" class="mw-redirect" title="John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh">Lord Rayleigh</a> (1905)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Geikie" title="Archibald Geikie">Archibald Geikie</a> (1908)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Crookes" title="William Crookes">William Crookes</a> (1913)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a> (1915)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Scott_Sherrington" title="Charles Scott Sherrington">Charles Scott Sherrington</a> (1920)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Ernest Rutherford</a> (1925)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Gowland_Hopkins" title="Frederick Gowland Hopkins">Frederick Gowland Hopkins</a> (1930)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Henry_Bragg" title="William Henry Bragg">William Henry Bragg</a> (1935)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hallett_Dale" title="Henry Hallett Dale">Henry Hallett Dale</a> (1940)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Robinson_(organic_chemist)" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert Robinson (organic chemist)">Robert Robinson</a> (1945)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Adrian,_1st_Baron_Adrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian">Lord Adrian</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Cyril Norman Hinshelwood</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard_Florey" title="Howard Florey">Howard Florey</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_R._Todd" title="Alexander R. Todd">Lord Todd</a> (1975)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Porter" title="George Porter">George Porter</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Sir Michael Atiyah</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aaron_Klug" title="Aaron Klug">Sir Aaron Klug</a> (1995)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">21st century</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_May,_Baron_May_of_Oxford" title="Robert May, Baron May of Oxford">Lord May</a> (2000)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees,_Baron_Rees_of_Ludlow" class="mw-redirect" title="Martin Rees, Baron Rees of Ludlow">Lord Rees</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Sir Paul Nurse</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venki_Ramakrishnan" title="Venki Ramakrishnan">Venki Ramakrishnan</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adrian_Smith_(statistician)" title="Adrian Smith (statistician)">Adrian Smith</a> (2020)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trinity_College,_Cambridge" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="4" style="background:darkblue; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Template:Trinity College, Cambridge"><abbr title="View this template" style="background:darkblue; color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Template talk:Trinity College, Cambridge"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background:darkblue; color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Trinity_College,_Cambridge&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background:darkblue; color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Trinity_College,_Cambridge" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College, Cambridge"><span style="color:white">Trinity College, Cambridge</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 2px 0px 0px"><div><div class="floatleft"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinity_College_(Cambridge)_shield.svg" class="image" title="Trinity College arms"><img alt="Trinity College arms" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/80px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/120px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/160px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="353"/></a></div></div></td><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <dl><dt>Founder</dt> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_VIII_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII of England">Henry VIII</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College,_Cambridge#Masters" title="Trinity College, Cambridge">Master</a></dt> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Davies_(doctor)" title="Sally Davies (doctor)">Professor Dame Sally Davies</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Masters_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="List of Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge">List of Masters</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_alumni_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="List of alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge">List of alumni</a></dd></dl> <dl><dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_and_Third_Trinity_Boat_Club" title="First and Third Trinity Boat Club">First and Third Trinity Boat Club</a> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:First_and_Third_Trinity_Rowing_Blade.svg" class="image"><img alt="First and Third Trinity Rowing Blade.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/First_and_Third_Trinity_Rowing_Blade.svg/35px-First_and_Third_Trinity_Rowing_Blade.svg.png" decoding="async" width="35" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/First_and_Third_Trinity_Rowing_Blade.svg/53px-First_and_Third_Trinity_Rowing_Blade.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/First_and_Third_Trinity_Rowing_Blade.svg/70px-First_and_Third_Trinity_Rowing_Blade.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="230"/></a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarner_Lectures" title="Tarner Lectures">Tarner Lectures</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Mathematical_Society" title="Trinity Mathematical Society">Trinity Mathematical Society</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Buildings</dt> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burrell%27s_Field" title="Burrell's Field">Burrell's Field</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_College_Chapel,_Cambridge" title="Trinity College Chapel, Cambridge">Chapel</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Great_Court" title="Trinity Great Court">Great Court</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevile%27s_Court,_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Nevile's Court, Trinity College, Cambridge">Nevile's Court</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wren_Library" title="Wren Library">Wren Library</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Categories</dt> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Trinity College, Cambridge">Trinity College</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Alumni_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge">Alumni</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Fellows_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Fellows of Trinity College, Cambridge">Fellows</a></dd> <dd><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Masters_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Category:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge">Masters</a></dd></dl> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><div class="floatright"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinity_College_(Cambridge)_shield.svg" class="image" title="Trinity College arms"><img alt="Trinity College arms" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/80px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/120px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/160px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="353"/></a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Templeton_Prize_laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Templeton_Prize_Laureates" title="Template:Templeton Prize Laureates"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Templeton_Prize_Laureates" title="Template talk:Templeton Prize Laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Templeton_Prize_Laureates&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Templeton_Prize_laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Templeton_Prize#Laureates" title="Templeton Prize">Templeton Prize laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1970s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Mother Teresa</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brother_Roger" title="Brother Roger">Brother Roger</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarvepalli_Radhakrishnan" title="Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan">Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo_Joseph_Suenens" title="Leo Joseph Suenens">Leo Josef Suenens</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiara_Lubich" title="Chiara Lubich">Chiara Lubich</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_F._Torrance" title="Thomas F. Torrance">Thomas F. Torrance</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikky%C5%8D_Niwano" title="Nikkyō Niwano">Nikkyō Niwano</a> (1979)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_Wendell_Burhoe" title="Ralph Wendell Burhoe">Ralph Wendell Burhoe</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cicely_Saunders" title="Cicely Saunders">Cicely Saunders</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy_Graham" title="Billy Graham">Billy Graham</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleksandr_Solzhenitsyn" title="Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn">Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keston_Institute" title="Keston Institute">Michael Bourdeaux</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alister_Hardy" title="Alister Hardy">Alister Hardy</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I._McCord" title="James I. McCord">James I. McCord</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley_Jaki" title="Stanley Jaki">Stanley Jaki</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inamullah_Khan" title="Inamullah Khan">Inamullah Khan</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_von_Weizs%C3%A4cker" title="Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker">Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker</a> & <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_MacLeod" title="George MacLeod">George MacLeod</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba_Amte" title="Baba Amte">Baba Amte</a> & <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Birch" title="Charles Birch">Charles Birch</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immanuel_Jakobovits,_Baron_Jakobovits" title="Immanuel Jakobovits, Baron Jakobovits">Immanuel Jakobovits</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyung-Chik_Han" title="Kyung-Chik Han">Kyung-Chik Han</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Colson" title="Charles Colson">Charles Colson</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Novak" title="Michael Novak">Michael Novak</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Davies" title="Paul Davies">Paul Davies</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Bright" title="Bill Bright">Bill Bright</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandurang_Shastri_Athavale" title="Pandurang Shastri Athavale">Pandurang Shastri Athavale</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sigmund_Sternberg" title="Sigmund Sternberg">Sigmund Sternberg</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian_Barbour" title="Ian Barbour">Ian Barbour</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freeman_Dyson" title="Freeman Dyson">Freeman Dyson</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur_Peacocke" title="Arthur Peacocke">Arthur Peacocke</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Polkinghorne" title="John Polkinghorne">John Polkinghorne</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmes_Rolston_III" title="Holmes Rolston III">Holmes Rolston III</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_F._R._Ellis" title="George F. R. Ellis">George F. R. Ellis</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_H._Townes" title="Charles H. Townes">Charles H. Townes</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_D._Barrow" title="John D. Barrow">John D. Barrow</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Taylor_(philosopher)" title="Charles Taylor (philosopher)">Charles Taylor</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Micha%C5%82_Heller" title="Michał Heller">Michał Heller</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_d%27Espagnat" title="Bernard d'Espagnat">Bernard d'Espagnat</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco_J._Ayala" title="Francisco J. Ayala">Francisco J. Ayala</a> (2010)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martin Rees</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond_Tutu" title="Desmond Tutu">Desmond Tutu</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1_Hal%C3%ADk" title="Tomáš Halík">Tomáš Halík</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Vanier" title="Jean Vanier">Jean Vanier</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan_Sacks,_Baron_Sacks" title="Jonathan Sacks, Baron Sacks">Jonathan Sacks</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alvin_Plantinga" title="Alvin Plantinga">Alvin Plantinga</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdullah_II_of_Jordan" title="Abdullah II of Jordan">Abdullah II of Jordan</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcelo_Gleiser" title="Marcelo Gleiser">Marcelo Gleiser</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis_Collins" title="Francis Collins">Francis Collins</a> (2020)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Masters_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Masters_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Template:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Masters_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="Template talk:Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Masters_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Masters_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Masters_of_Trinity_College,_Cambridge" title="List of Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge">Masters of Trinity College, Cambridge</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Redman_(Trinity_College)" title="John Redman (Trinity College)">John Redman</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Bill" title="William Bill">William Bill</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Christopherson" title="John Christopherson">John Christopherson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Beaumont_(Master_of_Trinity_College)" title="Robert Beaumont (Master of Trinity College)">Robert Beaumont</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Whitgift" title="John Whitgift">John Whitgift</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Still" title="John Still">John Still</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Nevile" title="Thomas Nevile">Thomas Nevile</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Richardson_(translator)" title="John Richardson (translator)">John Richardson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Mawe" title="Leonard Mawe">Leonard Mawe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Brooke" title="Samuel Brooke">Samuel Brooke</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Comber_(dean_of_Carlisle)" title="Thomas Comber (dean of Carlisle)">Thomas Comber</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hill_(Cambridge)" title="Thomas Hill (Cambridge)">Thomas Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Arrowsmith_(scholar)" title="John Arrowsmith (scholar)">John Arrowsmith</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkins" title="John Wilkins">John Wilkins</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Ferne" title="Henry Ferne">Henry Ferne</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pearson_(bishop)" title="John Pearson (bishop)">John Pearson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Barrow" title="Isaac Barrow">Isaac Barrow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_North_(Trinity)" title="John North (Trinity)">John North</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Montagu_(Trinity)" title="John Montagu (Trinity)">John Montagu</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Bentley" title="Richard Bentley">Richard Bentley</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Smith_(mathematician)" title="Robert Smith (mathematician)">Robert Smith</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hinchliffe" title="John Hinchliffe">John Hinchliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Postlethwaite" title="Thomas Postlethwaite">Thomas Postlethwaite</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lort_Mansel" title="William Lort Mansel">William Lort Mansel</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Wordsworth_(Trinity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Christopher Wordsworth (Trinity)">Christopher Wordsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Whewell" title="William Whewell">William Whewell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Hepworth_Thompson" title="William Hepworth Thompson">William Hepworth Thompson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Montagu_Butler" title="Henry Montagu Butler">Henry Montagu Butler</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">J. J. Thomson</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G._M._Trevelyan" title="G. M. Trevelyan">George Macaulay Trevelyan</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edgar_Adrian,_1st_Baron_Adrian" class="mw-redirect" title="Edgar Adrian, 1st Baron Adrian">The Lord Adrian</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rab_Butler" title="Rab Butler">The Lord Butler of Saffron Walden</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan_Lloyd_Hodgkin" class="mw-redirect" title="Alan Lloyd Hodgkin">Alan Lloyd Hodgkin</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Huxley" title="Andrew Huxley">Andrew Huxley</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Atiyah" title="Michael Atiyah">Michael Atiyah</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amartya_Sen" title="Amartya Sen">Amartya Sen</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Lord Rees of Ludlow</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory_Winter" title="Gregory Winter">Gregory Winter</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally_Davies_(doctor)" title="Sally Davies (doctor)">Dame Sally Davies</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trinity_College_(Cambridge)_shield.svg" class="image"><img alt="Trinity College (Cambridge) shield.svg" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/80px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="93" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/120px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg/160px-Trinity_College_%28Cambridge%29_shield.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="303" data-file-height="353"/></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Template:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" title="Template talk:Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science_Laureates" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert_Einstein_World_Award_of_Science" title="Albert Einstein World Award of Science">Albert Einstein World Award of Science Laureates</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1980s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo_Bressani" title="Ricardo Bressani">Ricardo Bressani</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Stumm" title="Werner Stumm">Werner Stumm</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M._S._Swaminathan" title="M. S. Swaminathan">Monokombu Sambasivan Swaminathan</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh_Huxley" title="Hugh Huxley">Hugh Huxley</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret_Burbidge" title="Margaret Burbidge">Margaret Burbidge</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Kamen" title="Martin Kamen">Martin Kamen</a> (1989)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1990s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustav_Nossal" title="Gustav Nossal">Gustav Nossal</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albrecht_Fleckenstein" title="Albrecht Fleckenstein">Albrecht Fleckenstein</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_U._Lemieux" class="mw-redirect" title="Raymond U. Lemieux">Raymond U. Lemieux</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali_Javan" title="Ali Javan">Ali Javan</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sherwood_Rowland" class="mw-redirect" title="Sherwood Rowland">Sherwood Rowland</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_H._Jasper" class="mw-redirect" title="Herbert H. Jasper">Herbert H. Jasper</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alec_Jeffreys" title="Alec Jeffreys">Alec Jeffreys</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Jean-Marie_Ghuysen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jean-Marie Ghuysen (page does not exist)">Jean-Marie Ghuysen</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_R._Goldman" title="Charles R. Goldman">Charles R. Goldman</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Weinberg_(biologist)" title="Robert Weinberg (biologist)">Robert Weinberg</a> (1999)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2000s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Fenner" title="Frank Fenner">Frank Fenner</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Niels_Birbaumer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Niels Birbaumer (page does not exist)">Niels Birbaumer</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Janzen" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Janzen">Daniel H. Janzen</a> (2002)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martin Rees</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph_J._Cicerone" class="mw-redirect" title="Ralph J. Cicerone">Ralph J. Cicerone</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hopfield" title="John Hopfield">John Hopfield</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed_Zewail" title="Ahmed Zewail">Ahmed Zewail</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser_Stoddart" title="Fraser Stoddart">Fraser Stoddart</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ada_Yonath" title="Ada Yonath">Ada Yonath</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_T._Houghton" class="mw-redirect" title="John T. Houghton">John T. Houghton</a> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2010s</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julio_Montaner" title="Julio Montaner">Julio Montaner</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoffrey_Ozin" title="Geoffrey Ozin">Geoffrey Ozin</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Gr%C3%A4tzel" title="Michael Grätzel">Michael Grätzel</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Nurse" title="Paul Nurse">Paul Nurse</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Cohen_(British_biochemist)" title="Philip Cohen (British biochemist)">Philip Cohen</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ewine_van_Dishoeck" title="Ewine van Dishoeck">Ewine van Dishoeck</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Witten" title="Edward Witten">Edward Witten</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omar_M._Yaghi" title="Omar M. Yaghi">Omar M. Yaghi</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Pierre_Changeux" title="Jean-Pierre Changeux">Jean-Pierre Changeux</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhong_Lin_Wang" title="Zhong Lin Wang">Zhong Lin Wang</a> (2019)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dalton_Medallists" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Dalton_Medallists" title="Template:Dalton Medallists"><abbr title="View this template" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Dalton_Medallists" title="Template talk:Dalton Medallists"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Dalton_Medallists&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dalton_Medallists" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Dalton_Medallists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dalton Medallists (page does not exist)"><span style="color:white">Dalton Medallists</span></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;;width:1%;text-align:left;">Recipients</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Schunck" title="Edward Schunck">Henry Edward Schunck</a> (1898)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Enfield_Roscoe" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry Enfield Roscoe">Sir Henry Roscoe</a> (1900)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osborne_Reynolds" title="Osborne Reynolds">Osborne Reynolds</a> (1903)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest_Rutherford" title="Ernest Rutherford">Sir Ernest Rutherford</a> (1919)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._J._Thomson" title="J. J. Thomson">Sir Joseph 'J. J.' Thomson</a> (1931)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Lawrence_Bragg" class="mw-redirect" title="William Lawrence Bragg">Sir Lawrence Bragg</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_Blackett" title="Patrick Blackett">Patrick Blackett</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyril_Norman_Hinshelwood" title="Cyril Norman Hinshelwood">Sir Cyril Hinshelwood</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy_Hodgkin" title="Dorothy Hodgkin">Dorothy Hodgkin</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Kroto" title="Harry Kroto">Sir Harold Kroto</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter_Fred_Bodmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Walter Fred Bodmer">Sir Walter Bodmer</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger_Penrose" title="Roger Penrose">Sir Roger Penrose</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Lovell" title="Bernard Lovell">Sir Bernard Lovell</a> (2009)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Lord Rees of Ludlow</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konstantin_Novoselov" title="Konstantin Novoselov">Sir Konstantin Novoselov</a> (2016)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: #DC143C; color:white;"><div><img alt="Category" src="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" title="Category" width="16" height="16" srcset="//web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //web.archive.org/web/20210305030229im_/https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/> <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Manchester_Literary_and_Philosophical_Society" title="Category:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society"><span style="color:white">Category</span></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r992953826"/><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template:Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" title="Template:Existential risk from artificial intelligence"><abbr title="View this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template_talk:Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" title="Template talk:Existential risk from artificial intelligence"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence&action=edit"><abbr title="Edit this template" style=";;background:none transparent;border:none;box-shadow:none;padding:0;">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Existential_risk_from_artificial_intelligence" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk</a> from <a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_intelligence" title="Artificial intelligence">artificial intelligence</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Concepts</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerating_change" title="Accelerating change">Accelerating change</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_box" title="AI box">AI box</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_takeover" title="AI takeover">AI takeover</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AI_control_problem" title="AI control problem">Control problem</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existential_risk_from_artificial_general_intelligence" title="Existential risk from artificial general intelligence">Existential risk from artificial general intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friendly_artificial_intelligence" title="Friendly artificial intelligence">Friendly artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_convergence" title="Instrumental convergence">Instrumental convergence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intelligence_explosion" class="mw-redirect" title="Intelligence explosion">Intelligence explosion</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_ethics" title="Machine ethics">Machine ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintelligence" title="Superintelligence">Superintelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technological_singularity" title="Technological singularity">Technological singularity</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allen_Institute_for_AI" title="Allen Institute for AI">Allen Institute for AI</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Applied_Rationality" title="Center for Applied Rationality">Center for Applied Rationality</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Human-Compatible_Artificial_Intelligence" title="Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence">Center for Human-Compatible Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_for_Security_and_Emerging_Technology" title="Center for Security and Emerging Technology">Center for Security and Emerging Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_the_Study_of_Existential_Risk" title="Centre for the Study of Existential Risk">Centre for the Study of Existential Risk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DeepMind" title="DeepMind">DeepMind</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foundational_Questions_Institute" title="Foundational Questions Institute">Foundational Questions Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Humanity_Institute" title="Future of Humanity Institute">Future of Humanity Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Future_of_Life_Institute" title="Future of Life Institute">Future of Life Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Humanity%2B" title="Humanity+">Humanity+</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Ethics_and_Emerging_Technologies" title="Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies">Institute for Ethics and Emerging Technologies</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leverhulme_Centre_for_the_Future_of_Intelligence" title="Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence">Leverhulme Centre for the Future of Intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine_Intelligence_Research_Institute" title="Machine Intelligence Research Institute">Machine Intelligence Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OpenAI" title="OpenAI">OpenAI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slate_Star_Codex" title="Slate Star Codex">Scott Alexander</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick_Bostrom" title="Nick Bostrom">Nick Bostrom</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K._Eric_Drexler" title="K. Eric Drexler">Eric Drexler</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Harris" title="Sam Harris">Sam Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Hawking" title="Stephen Hawking">Stephen Hawking</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Hibbard" title="Bill Hibbard">Bill Hibbard</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill_Joy" title="Bill Joy">Bill Joy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve_Omohundro" title="Steve Omohundro">Steve Omohundro</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huw_Price" title="Huw Price">Huw Price</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Martin Rees</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart_J._Russell" title="Stuart J. Russell">Stuart J. Russell</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaan_Tallinn" title="Jaan Tallinn">Jaan Tallinn</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max_Tegmark" title="Max Tegmark">Max Tegmark</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank_Wilczek" title="Frank Wilczek">Frank Wilczek</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Yampolskiy" title="Roman Yampolskiy">Roman Yampolskiy</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Yang" title="Andrew Yang">Andrew Yang</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliezer_Yudkowsky" title="Eliezer Yudkowsky">Eliezer Yudkowsky</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_catastrophic_risk#Artificial_intelligence" title="Global catastrophic risk">Artificial intelligence as a global catastrophic risk</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artificial_general_intelligence#Controversies_and_dangers" title="Artificial general intelligence">Controversies and dangers of artificial general intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics_of_artificial_intelligence" title="Ethics of artificial intelligence">Ethics of artificial intelligence</a></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suffering_risks" title="Suffering risks">Suffering risks</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Compatible" title="Human Compatible">Human Compatible</a></i></li> <li><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Letter_on_Artificial_Intelligence" title="Open Letter on Artificial Intelligence">Open Letter on Artificial Intelligence</a></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our_Final_Invention" title="Our Final Invention">Our Final Invention</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Precipice:_Existential_Risk_and_the_Future_of_Humanity" title="The Precipice: Existential Risk and the Future of Humanity">The Precipice</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/web/20210305030229/https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superintelligence:_Paths,_Dangers,_Strategies" title="Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies">Superintelligence: Paths, Dangers, Strategies</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><img alt="Category" 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hreflang="es" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_John_Rees" title="Martin John Rees – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%86_%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%B3" title="مارتین ریس – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9F_%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%A1" title="מרטין ריס – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_John_Rees" title="Martin John Rees – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%86_%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B3" title="مارتن ريس – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B9" title="マーティン・リース – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81,_%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Рис, Мартин – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_John_Rees" title="Martin John Rees – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Мартин Рис – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Rees" title="Martin Rees – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%A0%D1%96%D1%81" title="Мартін Ріс – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%A9%AC%E4%B8%81%C2%B7%E9%87%8C%E6%96%AF" title="马丁·里斯 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li></ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210305030229/https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q335213#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" role="contentinfo"> <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 3 March 2021, at 15:03<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a rel="license" 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