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class="main-container"> <div class="page-wrapper"> <div class="sections-container"> <script type="text/javascript">UNCODE.initHeader();</script><article id="post-89753" class="page-body style-light-bg post-89753 post type-post status-publish format-standard has-post-thumbnail hentry category-news-pl"> <div class="post-wrapper"> <div class="post-body"><div class="post-content un-no-sidebar-layout"><div data-parent="true" class="vc_row row-container" id="row-unique-0"><div class="row limit-width row-parent"><div class="wpb_row row-inner"><div class="wpb_column pos-top pos-center align_left column_parent col-lg-12 single-internal-gutter"><div class="uncol style-light" ><div class="uncoltable"><div class="uncell no-block-padding" ><div class="uncont"><div class="vc_custom_heading_wrap "><div class="heading-text el-text" ><h2 class="h2" ><span>Efektywne nawadnianie - jakie rozwiązania i systemy są popularne?</span></h2></div><div class="clear"></div></div><div class="uncode-single-media text-left"><div class="single-wrapper" style="max-width: 100%;"><div class="tmb tmb-light tmb-media-first tmb-media-last tmb-content-overlay tmb-no-bg"><div class="t-inside"><div class="t-entry-visual"><div class="t-entry-visual-tc"><div class="uncode-single-media-wrapper"><img class="wp-image-89754" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%20viewBox='0%200%201200%20696'%3E%3C/svg%3E" width="1200" height="696" alt="" data-lazy-srcset="https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie.jpg 1200w, https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie-300x174.jpg 300w, https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie-1024x594.jpg 1024w, https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie-768x445.jpg 768w" data-lazy-sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" data-lazy-src="https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie.jpg" /><noscript><img class="wp-image-89754" src="https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie.jpg" width="1200" height="696" alt="" srcset="https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie.jpg 1200w, https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie-300x174.jpg 300w, https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie-1024x594.jpg 1024w, https://centralnetargirolnicze.com/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/efektywne-nawadnianie-768x445.jpg 768w" sizes="(max-width: 1200px) 100vw, 1200px" /></noscript></div> </div> </div></div></div></div></div><div class="uncode_text_column" ><p>Wydajne nawadnianie upraw to absolutna podstawa. <strong>Zdecydowana większość osób dąży do zminimalizowania kosztów, a posiadany budżet wpływa na wybór odpowiedniego systemu.</strong> Nie można również nie wspomnieć o innych przeszkodach, które sprawiają, że część rozwiązań staje się niedostępna. Warto pamiętać, że okresy suszy w Polsce występują coraz częściej, a deficyt wody w glebie prowadzi do dotkliwych strat. Nawadnianie jest potrzebne również w okresie, gdy opady atmosferyczne nie są wystarczającego do tego, aby zaspokoić potrzeby produkcji rolnej.</p> <h4>Jaki sposób nawadniania wybrać?</h4> <p><strong>Efektywne nawadnianie jest niezbędne do tego, aby osiągnąć zamierzone cele produkcyjne.</strong> Pierwszym etapem jest kompleksowa analiza dostępności wody. Dużą rolę odgrywa nie tylko ukształtowanie terenu, ale również sposób jego użytkowania. Konieczne jest także oszacowanie kosztów, tak aby były one adekwatne do posiadanego budżetu.</p> <p>Wybór technologii nawadniania warunkuje rodzaj uprawianych roślin.<strong> Istotne jest sprawdzenie, na jakiej głębokości zalegają wody gruntowe.</strong> W przypadku użytków zielonych trwałych najczęściej stosuje się nawadnianie podsiąkowe. Do nawadniania roślin osłoniętych oraz gruntowych wykorzystuje się zazwyczaj nawadnianie ciśnieniowe. Oba rozwiązania mają zarówno zalety, jak i wady. Więcej na ten temat można przeczytać we wpisie opublikowanym na portalu <strong><a href="https://fajnyogrod.pl/aranzacje/wyposazenie-ogrodu/nawadnianie-szklarni-krok-po-kroku-sposoby-zasady-podlewania-porady/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">Fajny Ogród</a></strong>.</p> <h4>Nawodnienie ciśnieniowe</h4> <p>System ciśnieniowy opiera się na okresowym rozpylaniu wody lub dostarczaniu jej bezpośrednio do systemu korzeniowego roślin. <strong>Sprawdza się on nie tylko w okresie suszy, ale również wiosennych przymrozków.</strong> Możliwe jest automatyczne lub półautomatyczne sterowanie procesem. Rurociągi mogą zostać poprowadzone zarówno nad ziemią, jak i pod powierzchnią gleby. Dzielą się one na doprowadzające, rozdzielne, deszczujące ze zraszaczami, nawadniające z emiterami.</p> <ul> <li><strong>Bardzo ważne jest ustalenie optymalnej wydajności pomp.</strong> Nie może ona przekraczać dopuszczalnego ciśnienia w rurociągach. Ogromną rolę odgrywa maksymalne ciśnienie wody w zraszaczach i emiratach.</li> <li>Rekomendowane jest, aby współczynnik bezpieczeństwa w systemach nawodnień ciśnieniowych wynosił minimum 1,5 (w odniesieniu do ciśnienia roboczego).</li> <li>Rozbicie strugi wody na krople jest niezbędne do tego, by ograniczyć ryzyko zniszczenia naturalnej struktury gleby i roślin. <strong>Intensywność zraszania nie może być zbyt wysoka, ponieważ niepożądane jest wystąpienie spływów powierzchniowych.</strong> Warto pamiętać, że różnica w natężeniu konkretnych zraszaczy i emiratów nie powinna przekraczać 10%.</li> <li>Promień zraszania ustalany jest indywidualnie – priorytetem jest, aby system nawadniania był efektywny i ekonomiczny.</li> <li><strong>Najlepiej, aby systemowe nawadnianie ciśnieniowe nie zostało umiejscowione na obszarach rolnych, gdzie występują linie energetyczne.</strong> Trzeba zachować bezpieczne odstępy, które zredukują ryzyko porażenia prądem.</li> </ul> <h4>Nawadnianie deszczowniane</h4> <p>Nawadnianie deszczowniane (powierzchniowe) polega na wytwarzaniu sztucznego deszczu, który zastąpi opady atmosferyczne. <strong>W obu przypadkach można uzyskać zbliżone efekty.</strong> Należy dodać, że omawiana technologia umożliwia usunięcie rozmaitych szkodników (np. mszyc) z powierzchni roślin. Budowa profesjonalnej deszczowni to przedsięwzięcie wymagające sporych zasobów finansowych. Instalacja złożona jest z agregatu (pompy), rurociągów, zraszaczy. Dopuszczalne jest wykorzystanie różnych źródeł wody (m.in. stawu, cieków płynących, studni, zbiorników wodnych).</p> <ul> <li><strong>W deszczowniach promień nawadniania wynosi od kilku do kilkuset metrów.</strong> Rozmieszczenie zraszaczy oraz intensywność rozpryskiwania wody dopasowuje się w podobny sposób, jak w przypadku systemu ciśnieniowego. Nawadnianie zbyt dużego obszaru gleby jest nieekonomiczne.</li> <li>Do ochrony roślin przed ujemnymi temperaturami należy stosować zraszacze obrotowe jednodyszowe z kołpakiem ochronnym. Najlepiej, by wspomniany element znajdował się na sprężynie o mechanizmie obrotowym.</li> <li>Można wyróżnić następujące rodzaje systemów: stacjonarne, półstacjonarne, przenośne, przetaczane, nawijane, frontalne, obrotowe. <strong>Wybór zależy głównie od miejsca użytkowania oraz rodzaju upraw.</strong> Znaczna część roślin co kilka lat zmienia lokalizację – dobrym wyborem jest tutaj system półstacjonarny lub przenośny.</li> <li>W sadach chętnie montowane są deszczownie stacjonarne, które charakteryzują się wysoką stabilnością pracy i niezawodnością.</li> <li>Systemy nawijane są uznawane za uniwersalne, ponieważ można je zastosować do niemal wszystkich rodzajów upraw.</li> <li><strong>Z mobilnych deszczowni można korzystać w dowolnym miejscu.</strong> Zmiana lokalizacji nie stanowi żadnego wyzwania, jednak nie można nie wspomnieć o ograniczeniach. Podstawowym minusem jest relatywnie mały zasięg.</li> <li>Liczy się nie tylko powierzchnia, ale także kształt nawadnianego pola. <strong>System przetaczany znajduje zastosowanie na obszarach o regularnych kształtach (np. kwadratu, prostokąta).</strong></li> <li>Nawodnienie deszczowniane frontalne oraz obrotowe montowane są na płaskich terenach o dużej powierzchni.</li> </ul> <h4>Nawadnianie podsiąkowe</h4> <p><strong>Na trwałych użytkach zielonych często korzysta się z systemu nawadniania podsiąkowego.</strong> Woda spiętrzana jest w cieku/kanale za pomocą zastawki lub jazu, a następnie wprowadzana do rowów. Na uwagę zasługuje fakt, że rozstaw rowów musi być zgodny z normami. Obowiązują tutaj konkretne modele matematyczne.</p> <ul> <li>Nawadnianie podsiąkowe jest możliwe w przypadku, gdy gleby torfowe spełniają wymogi wskazane w normach. <strong>Intensywność poboru wody nie może być zbyt niska.</strong></li> <li>Teren musi być płaski, ponieważ wszelkie zagłębienia mogą prowadzić do podtapiania.</li> <li>System nawodnień może pełnić funkcję systemu odwadniającego (po likwidacji/obniżeniu piętrzenia wody).</li> </ul> </div></div></div></div></div></div><script id="script-row-unique-0" data-row="script-row-unique-0" type="text/javascript" class="vc_controls">UNCODE.initRow(document.getElementById("row-unique-0"));</script></div></div></div></div></div> </div> </article> </div> </div> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"> <div data-parent="true" class="vc_row row-container" id="row-unique-1"><div class="row limit-width row-parent"><div class="wpb_row row-inner"><div class="wpb_column pos-top pos-center align_left column_parent col-lg-12 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