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data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_Cross_(haj%C3%B3)" title="Southern Cross (hajó) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Southern Cross (hajó)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/DS_%C2%ABSouthern_Cross%C2%BB" title="DS «Southern Cross» – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="DS «Southern Cross»" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/DS_%C2%ABSouthern_Cross%C2%BB" title="DS 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Steam-powered sealing vessel</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"> <caption>SS <i>Southern Cross</i> </caption> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;line-height:1.5em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SS_Southern_Cross,_Derwent_River,_1898.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SS_Southern_Cross%2C_Derwent_River%2C_1898.jpg/300px-SS_Southern_Cross%2C_Derwent_River%2C_1898.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SS_Southern_Cross%2C_Derwent_River%2C_1898.jpg/450px-SS_Southern_Cross%2C_Derwent_River%2C_1898.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/SS_Southern_Cross%2C_Derwent_River%2C_1898.jpg/600px-SS_Southern_Cross%2C_Derwent_River%2C_1898.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1650" data-file-height="1170" /></a></span><div><i>Southern Cross</i> in the <a href="/wiki/River_Derwent_(Tasmania)" title="River Derwent (Tasmania)">Derwent River</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tasmania" title="Tasmania">Tasmania</a>, 1898</div> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">History</th></tr> <tr><th height="30" colspan="2" style="background-color:#B0C4DE;text-align:left;padding-left:2px;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="flagicon"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/39px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png" decoding="async" width="39" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/58px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Flag_of_Norway.svg/77px-Flag_of_Norway.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="372" /></span></span></span><span style="padding-left:1em">Norway</span></th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Name</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i>Pollux</i> (1886-1897)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><i>Southern Cross</i> (1897–1914)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Owner</td><td><ul style="list-style:none; margin:0;"> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Axel Herlofsen (1886)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">O. B. Sørensen (1886-1897)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Carstens_Borchgrevink" class="mw-redirect" title="Carstens Borchgrevink">Carstens Borchgrevink</a> (1897–1901)</li> <li style="padding-left: .4em; text-indent: -.4em;">Murray & Crawford, Glasgow - Newfoundland Sealing Company (1901–1914)</li> </ul></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Builder</td><td>Designed by <a href="/wiki/Colin_Archer" title="Colin Archer">Colin Archer</a>, Larvik, Norway built by Ole Martin Olsen, Arendal, Norway</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Launched</td><td>September 1886</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Fate</td><td>Lost at sea 1914</td></tr> <tr><th colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">General characteristics</th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Tonnage</td><td>520 <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">GRT</a></td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Length</td><td>146 ft (45 m)</td></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"><td style="font-weight: bold">Sail plan</td><td><a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a></td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>SS <i>Southern Cross</i></b> was a steam-powered <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal hunt">sealing vessel</a> that operated primarily in <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Newfoundland" title="Dominion of Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>. </p><p>She was lost at sea returning from the <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal hunt">seal hunt</a> on March 31, 1914, killing all 174 men aboard in the same storm that killed 78 crewmen from the <a href="/wiki/SS_Newfoundland" title="SS Newfoundland">SS <i>Newfoundland</i></a>, a collective <a href="/wiki/Tragedy_(event)" title="Tragedy (event)">tragedy</a> that became known as the "1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster".<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vessel was commissioned as the <a href="/wiki/Whaler" title="Whaler">whaler</a> <i>Pollux</i> at <a href="/wiki/Arendal" title="Arendal">Arendal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> in 1886, was <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barque</a>-rigged, registered 520 tons <a href="/wiki/Gross_register_tonnage" title="Gross register tonnage">gross</a>, and was 146 feet (45 m) long overall.<sup id="cite_ref-Borch10_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borch10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Pollux</i> was designed by <a href="/wiki/Colin_Archer" title="Colin Archer">Colin Archer</a>, the renowned Norwegian shipbuilder.<sup id="cite_ref-Borch10_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borch10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Archer had designed and built <a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen" title="Fridtjof Nansen">Nansen's</a> ship <i><a href="/wiki/Fram_(ship)" title="Fram (ship)">Fram</a>,</i> which in 1896 had returned unscathed from its long drift in the northern polar ocean during Nansen's <a href="/wiki/Nansen%27s_Fram_expedition" title="Nansen's Fram expedition">"Farthest North" expedition</a>, 1893–96.<sup id="cite_ref-Jones_2004_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Jones_2004-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Pollux</i> was sold to the Norwegian explorer <a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Carsten Borchgrevink</a> in 1897 <i>and</i> renamed <i>Southern Cross</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-ForgottenEx_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ForgottenEx-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross Expedition</a>. </p><p>Like several of the historic polar ships her post-expedition life was short;<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Southern Cross</i> was sold in 1901 to Murray & Crawford, Glasgow, and took up seal hunting from <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_Colony" title="Newfoundland Colony">Newfoundland</a>. <i>Southern Cross</i> participated in every <a href="/wiki/Seal_hunt" class="mw-redirect" title="Seal hunt">seal hunt</a> from 1901 to 1914. In April 1914 was lost with all hands in a storm off the Newfoundland coast.<sup id="cite_ref-Paine_2000_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Paine_2000-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Southern_Cross_Expedition">Southern Cross Expedition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Southern Cross Expedition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross Expedition</a></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-SS-Southern-Cross-ship.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-SS-Southern-Cross-ship.jpg/300px-Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-SS-Southern-Cross-ship.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="225" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-SS-Southern-Cross-ship.jpg/450px-Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-SS-Southern-Cross-ship.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6f/Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-SS-Southern-Cross-ship.jpg 2x" data-file-width="458" data-file-height="343" /></a><figcaption>SS Southern Cross ship on the Southern Cross Expedition ca 1899</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-Theodolite-work-in-the-ice-pack.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-Theodolite-work-in-the-ice-pack.jpg/300px-Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-Theodolite-work-in-the-ice-pack.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-Theodolite-work-in-the-ice-pack.jpg/450px-Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-Theodolite-work-in-the-ice-pack.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-Theodolite-work-in-the-ice-pack.jpg/600px-Cape-Adare-1899-Carsten-Borchgrevink-Theodolite-work-in-the-ice-pack.jpg 2x" data-file-width="781" data-file-height="528" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Theodolite" title="Theodolite">Theodolite</a> work in the ice pack, during Southern Cross Expedition, with the SS Southern Cross in the background</figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SS-Southern-Cross-ship-ca-1899.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SS-Southern-Cross-ship-ca-1899.jpg/300px-SS-Southern-Cross-ship-ca-1899.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/42/SS-Southern-Cross-ship-ca-1899.jpg/450px-SS-Southern-Cross-ship-ca-1899.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/42/SS-Southern-Cross-ship-ca-1899.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="381" /></a><figcaption>During the Southern Cross Expedition</figcaption></figure> <p>For the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Southern Cross Expeditions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carsten_Borchgrevink" title="Carsten Borchgrevink">Carsten Borchgrevink</a> purchased the steam whaler <i>Pollux</i> and renamed her <i>Southern Cross</i>. She was taken to <a href="/wiki/Colin_Archer" title="Colin Archer">Colin Archer</a>'s yard in <a href="/wiki/Larvik" title="Larvik">Larvik</a> and fitted out for the expedition. Engines were designed to Borchgrevink's specification, and fitted before the ship left Norway.<sup id="cite_ref-Borch10_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Borch10-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On December 19, 1898 <i>Southern Cross</i> made its first <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_Expedition" title="Southern Cross Expedition">Antarctic expedition</a> where it made marine history by breaking through the pack ice into the <a href="/wiki/Ross_Sea" title="Ross Sea">Ross Sea</a> for the purpose of overwintering on the Antarctic continent. </p><p>Although <a href="/wiki/Clements_Markham" title="Clements Markham">Markham</a> cast doubts on her seaworthiness (perhaps to thwart Borchgrevink's departure),<sup id="cite_ref-Preston_2012_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Preston_2012-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the ship fulfilled all that was required of her in Antarctic waters. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="1914_Newfoundland_Sealing_Disaster">1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The 1914 sealing fleet included both <i>Southern Cross</i> and <a href="/wiki/SS_Newfoundland" title="SS Newfoundland">SS <i>Newfoundland</i></a> (under Captain Westbury Kean). In addition to minor crew changes from 1913, the fateful decision to remove the wireless set and operator from <i>Newfoundland</i> was taken in order to cut costs. </p><p>The fleet left St. John's on March 13, 1914. <i>Newfoundland</i> lost 78 sealers from her crew when they were stranded on the ice for two nights. Just as the terrible news of the <i>Newfoundland</i> tragedy was reaching St. John's, <i>Southern Cross</i> fell out of normal communication. The people of Newfoundland remained hopeful that tragedy would not strike twice, as evidenced by the April 3 newspaper article below: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Nothing has been heard of the Southern Cross since she was reported off Cape Pine on Tuesday last, and the general opinion is that she was driven far off to sea. Various reports were afloat in the city last night, one in particular that she had passed Cape Race yesterday afternoon, but upon making enquiries this and the other reports were unfortunately found to be untrue. At 5:30 yesterday the Anglo [Anglo-American Telegraph Co.] got in touch with Cape Race and learned that she had not passed the Cape neither was she at Trepassey. A message from Captain Connors of the Portia said she was not St. Mary's Bay. A wireless message was sent by the government to the U.S. Patrol steamer Senaca, which is in the vicinity of Cape Race, asking her to search for the Cross. The S.S. Kyle will also leave tonight to make a diligent search for her and it is hoped that something will soon be heard from the overdue ship, as anxiety for her safety is increasing hourly. If she had been driven off to sea, which is the general opinion expressed by experienced seamen, it would take her some days to make land again. The ship is heavily laden and cannot steam at great speed.</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite><i>The Evening Telegram</i> April 3, 1914</cite></div></blockquote> <p>Unlike the tragedy of <i>Newfoundland</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s crew, the disappearance of <i>Southern Cross</i> remained largely unexplained as no crewmen or record of the voyage survived. While a marine court of inquiry determined that the ship sank in a blizzard on March 31, little evidence exists to verify this. Oral tradition suggests that rotten boards gave out in the heavy sea and allowed the cargo to shift and capsize the steamer. Though the wreck of <i>Southern Cross</i> accounted for the greater human loss of the two shipwrecks, some historians argue that the emotional impact of the <i>Newfoundland</i> disaster was more intensely felt because of the horrific stories survivors were able to recount. </p><p>These two disasters together constitute what is referred to as the 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster. A total loss of 251 lives from a country with a population of approximately 250,000 devastated families and communities. In his autobiographical book, <a href="/wiki/Rockwell_Kent" title="Rockwell Kent">Rockwell Kent</a> describes the impact of the loss on Brigus, where many of the sealers from <i>Southern Cross</i> had lived. "It will pretty well clear out this place," said one resident of the ship's loss. According to Kent "The dread of the loss of this steamer had passed almost to certainty and the mention of the house, the wife, the children, the hopes and ambitions of any of those on her became a tragedy." </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Legislative_Response">Legislative Response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legislative Response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1914–15, the government held a commission of inquiry to examine <i>Newfoundland</i> and <i>Southern Cross</i> sealing disasters. The commission's findings made it clear that sealers faced extraordinarily dangerous working conditions on the ice. </p><p>While legislation concerning the sealing industry had existed as early as 1873, most regulations concerned maintaining seal stock. In 1898 legislation put a limit on the number of men on each steamer, and one year later in 1899, some wage protection was instated for sealers. Arguably as a result of the 1914 Sealing Disaster and subsequent inquiries, further legislation was put in place in 1916, aimed directly at improving the safety standards and well-being of sealers. The new measures prohibited men from working in the dark; prohibited captains from ordering their crewmen to travel so far as to not be able to return to the ship within the day, and provided for rocket signals, search parties, masters' and mates' certificates, medical officers, thermometers, barometers, and better food and compensation. </p><p>In response to speculation that <i>Southern Cross</i> sank because of overloading, the government prohibited any ship from returning from a hunt with more than 35,000 pelts, and the Minister of Fisheries began to mark "load lines" on sealing vessels. Any ship that returned to port with its "load line" below the water would be heavily fined. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_response">Public response</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Public response"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Public sympathy was very evident after the 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster. By April 27, 1914, a disaster fund set up to aid survivors and their families amounted to $88,550. It's notable that this was not limited to the sealing disasters; it was common practice in society at the time to respond to industrial accidents in this way. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The vessel was mentioned only briefly in the book <i>Death on the Ice</i> by <a href="/wiki/Cassie_Brown" title="Cassie Brown">Cassie Brown</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which focussed, as did most coverage of the 1914 sealing disaster, on the much less numerous losses of life on the SS Newfoundland, and also in a 1991 National Film Board of Canada documentary <i>I Just Didn't Want to Die: The 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To mark the 100th anniversary of the Newfoundland sealing disaster, an animated short entitled "54 Hours" was produced by the National Film Board of Canada. </p><p>A novel about the sinking by Tim B. Rogers titled <i>The Mystery of the SS Southern Cross</i> was published in 2014. </p><p>The loss of so many lives on <i>Southern Cross</i> has caused the incident to be written in a song entitled <a href="/wiki/Southern_Cross_(folk_song)" title="Southern Cross (folk song)">"Southern Cross"</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/List_of_Antarctic_exploration_ships_from_the_Heroic_Age,_1897%E2%80%931922" title="List of Antarctic exploration ships from the Heroic Age, 1897–1922">List of Antarctic exploration ships from the Heroic Age, 1897–1922</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHiggins" class="citation web cs1">Higgins, Jenny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/law/sealing_disaster.html">"1914 Sealing Disaster"</a>. <i>Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage</i>. <a href="/wiki/Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" title="Memorial University of Newfoundland">Memorial University of Newfoundland</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Heritage&rft.atitle=1914+Sealing+Disaster&rft.aulast=Higgins&rft.aufirst=Jenny&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Flaw%2Fsealing_disaster.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Borch10-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Borch10_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borch10_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Borch10_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorchgrevink1901" class="citation book cs1">Borchgrevink, Carsten (1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/FirstonAntarcti00Borc"><i>First on the Antarctic Continent</i></a>. George Newnes Ltd. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/FirstonAntarcti00Borc/page/10">10</a>–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-905838-41-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-905838-41-0"><bdi>978-0-905838-41-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=First+on+the+Antarctic+Continent&rft.pages=10-11&rft.pub=George+Newnes+Ltd.&rft.date=1901&rft.isbn=978-0-905838-41-0&rft.aulast=Borchgrevink&rft.aufirst=Carsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FFirstonAntarcti00Borc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Jones_2004-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Jones_2004_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2004" class="citation book cs1">Jones, M. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fb1yDpYXEAEC"><i>The Last Great Quest: Captain Scott's Antarctic Sacrifice</i></a>. OUP Oxford. p. 63. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280570-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-280570-6"><bdi>978-0-19-280570-6</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Last+Great+Quest%3A+Captain+Scott%27s+Antarctic+Sacrifice&rft.pages=63&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-19-280570-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dfb1yDpYXEAEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ForgottenEx-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ForgottenEx_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091120185714/http://www.heritage-antarctica.org/english/forgotten-explorer/">"Carsten Egeberg Borchgrevink (1864–1934)"</a>. <i>Norway's Forgotten Explorer</i>. Antarctic Heritage Trust. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage-antarctica.org/english/forgotten-explorer/">the original</a> on November 20, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 10,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Norway%27s+Forgotten+Explorer&rft.atitle=Carsten+Egeberg+Borchgrevink+%281864%E2%80%931934%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage-antarctica.org%2Fenglish%2Fforgotten-explorer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.south-pole.com/p0000052.htm">"An Antarctic Time Line : 1519–1959"</a>. <i>South-Pole</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=South-Pole&rft.atitle=An+Antarctic+Time+Line+%3A+1519%E2%80%931959&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.south-pole.com%2Fp0000052.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.coolantarctica.com/Antarctica%20fact%20file/History/antarctic_ships/fram.htm">"Ships of the Polar Explorers"</a>. <i>Cool Antarctica</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cool+Antarctica&rft.atitle=Ships+of+the+Polar+Explorers&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.coolantarctica.com%2FAntarctica%2520fact%2520file%2FHistory%2Fantarctic_ships%2Ffram.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span> Fate of <i>Nimrod</i> and <i>Aurora</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Paine_2000-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Paine_2000_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaine2000" class="citation book cs1">Paine, L.P. (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=J9W4QO1b_A8C"><i>Ships of Discovery and Exploration</i></a>. Ships of the World Series. Houghton Mifflin. p. 131. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-395-98415-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-395-98415-4"><bdi>978-0-395-98415-4</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ships+of+Discovery+and+Exploration&rft.series=Ships+of+the+World+Series&rft.pages=131&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-395-98415-4&rft.aulast=Paine&rft.aufirst=L.P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJ9W4QO1b_A8C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Preston_2012-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Preston_2012_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPreston2012" class="citation book cs1">Preston, D. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nj2eBAAAQBAJ&pg=PP4"><i>A First Rate Tragedy: A Brief History of Captain Scott's Antarctic Expeditions</i></a>. Little, Brown Book Group. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78033-081-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78033-081-5"><bdi>978-1-78033-081-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 20,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+First+Rate+Tragedy%3A+A+Brief+History+of+Captain+Scott%27s+Antarctic+Expeditions&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Little%2C+Brown+Book+Group&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-78033-081-5&rft.aulast=Preston&rft.aufirst=D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNj2eBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPP4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.heritage.nf.ca/cns_archives/008riggsjuly28_1994.html">"Death on the Ice: The Story That Had to be Told"</a>. <i>Newfoundland and Labrador Heritage</i>. <a href="/wiki/Memorial_University_of_Newfoundland" title="Memorial University of Newfoundland">Memorial University of Newfoundland</a>. November 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newfoundland+and+Labrador+Heritage&rft.atitle=Death+on+the+Ice%3A+The+Story+That+Had+to+be+Told&rft.date=2000-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.heritage.nf.ca%2Fcns_archives%2F008riggsjuly28_1994.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nfb.ca/collection/films/fiche/index.php?id=14973">"<span style="padding-left:.15em;">"</span>I Just Didn't Want to Die": The 1914 Newfoundland Sealing Disaster"</a>. Our Collection. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Board_of_Canada" title="National Film Board of Canada">National Film Board of Canada</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 29,</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Film+Board+of+Canada&rft.atitle=%3Cspan+style%3D%22padding-left%3A.15em%3B%22%3E%22%3C%2Fspan%3EI+Just+Didn%27t+Want+to+Die%22%3A+The+1914+Newfoundland+Sealing+Disaster&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nfb.ca%2Fcollection%2Ffilms%2Ffiche%2Findex.php%3Fid%3D14973&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan1994" class="citation book cs1">Ryan, Shannon (1994). <i>The Ice Hunters: A History of Newfoundland Sealing to 1914</i>. Breakwater Books Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-55081-095-2" title="Special:BookSources/1-55081-095-2"><bdi>1-55081-095-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ice+Hunters%3A+A+History+of+Newfoundland+Sealing+to+1914&rft.pub=Breakwater+Books+Ltd.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=1-55081-095-2&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Shannon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown1972" class="citation book cs1">Brown, Cassie (1972). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/deathonicegr00brow"><i>Death on the Ice; the great Newfoundland sealing disaster of 1914</i></a></span>. Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-25179-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-25179-3"><bdi>0-385-25179-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+on+the+Ice%3B+the+great+Newfoundland+sealing+disaster+of+1914&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-385-25179-3&rft.aulast=Brown&rft.aufirst=Cassie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdeathonicegr00brow&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Tragedy on Ice". <i><a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a></i>. Vol. 113, no. 48. November 27, 2000. p. 76.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Maclean%27s&rft.atitle=Tragedy+on+Ice&rft.volume=113&rft.issue=48&rft.pages=76&rft.date=2000-11-27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKent1996" class="citation book cs1">Kent, Rockwell (1996). <i>N by E</i>. Wesleyan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8195-5292-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8195-5292-5"><bdi>0-8195-5292-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=N+by+E&rft.pub=Wesleyan&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8195-5292-5&rft.aulast=Kent&rft.aufirst=Rockwell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWien2014" class="citation book cs1">Wien, Jake Milgram (2014). <i>Vital Passage: The Newfoundland Epic of Rockwell Kent</i>. The Rooms, St. John's, Newfoundland. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-928156-00-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-928156-00-0"><bdi>978-1-928156-00-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Vital+Passage%3A+The+Newfoundland+Epic+of+Rockwell+Kent&rft.pub=The+Rooms%2C+St.+John%27s%2C+Newfoundland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-928156-00-0&rft.aulast=Wien&rft.aufirst=Jake+Milgram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASS+Southern+Cross+%281886%29" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SS_Southern_Cross_(1886)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S-XAoGcWLNk"><i>54 hours</i>, National Film Board of Canada</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:January%E2%80%93July_1914_shipwrecks" title="Special:EditPage/Template:January–July 1914 shipwrecks"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Shipwrecks_and_maritime_incidents_from_January_to_July_1914" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Shipwrecks and maritime incidents from January to July 1914</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1914" title="List of shipwrecks in 1914">Shipwrecks</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">4 Jan: <a href="/wiki/SS_Oklahoma_(1908)" title="SS Oklahoma (1908)"><i>Oklahoma</i></a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Winsmore_(schooner)" title="Thomas Winsmore (schooner)">Thomas Winsmore</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">10 Jan: <a href="/wiki/HMCS_Karluk" title="HMCS Karluk">HMCS <i>Karluk</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Last_voyage_of_the_Karluk" title="Last voyage of the Karluk">last voyage</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">16 Jan: <a href="/wiki/HMS_A7" title="HMS A7">HMS <i>A7</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Jan: <a href="/wiki/SS_Monroe_(1902)" title="SS Monroe (1902)"><i>Monroe</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Feb: <a href="/wiki/W._H._Dimond_(barquentine)" title="W. H. Dimond (barquentine)"><i>W. H. Dimond</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">11 Mar: <i><a href="/wiki/HMS_Boscawen_(1844)" title="HMS Boscawen (1844)">Wellesley</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Mar: <i><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_(1890_ship)" title="Rosalind (1890 ship)">City of Sydney</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">31 Mar: <a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Southern Cross</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2 Apr: <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Kate_(tug)" title="SS Kate (tug)">Kate</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">30 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Benjamin_Noble" title="SS Benjamin Noble"><i>Benjamin Noble</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Dollart" title="SS Dollart"><i>Dollart</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 May: <a href="/wiki/RMS_Empress_of_Ireland" title="RMS Empress of Ireland"><i>Empress of Ireland</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">17 Jun: <a href="/wiki/RFA_Maine_(1887)" title="RFA Maine (1887)">HMHS <i>Maine</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap">25 Jan: <i><a href="/wiki/Gro%C3%9Fherzogin_Elisabeth_(ship)" title="Großherzogin Elisabeth (ship)">San Antonio</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">26 Jan: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Warrior_(1917)" title="HMS Warrior (1917)"><i>Warrior</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">28 Feb: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Laverock_(1913)" title="HMS Laverock (1913)">HMS <i>Laverock</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1 Mar: <a href="/wiki/Camano_(steamboat)" title="Camano (steamboat)"><i>Camano</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">2 Apr: <a href="/wiki/Bellubera" title="Bellubera"><i>Bellubera</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">21 Apr: <a href="/wiki/SS_Ypiranga" title="SS Ypiranga"><i>Ypiranga</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Ypiranga_incident" title="Ypiranga incident">incident</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">22 Apr: <a href="/wiki/HMS_Isis_(1896)" title="HMS Isis (1896)">HMS <i>Isis</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">29 May: <a href="/wiki/SS_Storstad" title="SS Storstad"><i>Storstad</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">8 Jun: <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Deutschland_(1900)" title="SS Deutschland (1900)">Victoria Luise</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">18 Jun: <i><a href="/wiki/SS_Nyassa" title="SS Nyassa">Bülow</a></i></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">27 Jun: <a href="/wiki/SS_California_(1907)" title="SS California (1907)"><i>California</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">1 Jul: <a href="/wiki/Russian_battleship_Andrei_Pervozvanny" title="Russian battleship Andrei Pervozvanny"><i>Andrei Pervozvanny</i></a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">6-23 Jul: <a href="/wiki/SS_Komagata_Maru" title="SS Komagata Maru"><i>Komagata Maru</i></a> (<a href="/wiki/Komagata_Maru_incident" title="Komagata Maru incident">incident</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">7 Jul: <a href="/wiki/French_destroyer_Mousqueton" title="French destroyer Mousqueton"><i>Mousqueton</i></a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1913" title="List of shipwrecks in 1913">1913</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1913" title="List of shipwrecks in 1913"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Left_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1914" title="List of shipwrecks in 1914">1914</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1915" title="List of shipwrecks in 1915"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_1915" title="List of shipwrecks in 1915">1915</a> <br /><span style="visibility:hidden;color:transparent;">June 1914 </span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_August_1914" title="List of shipwrecks in August 1914"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/12px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/18px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg/24px-Arrow_Blue_Right_001.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/List_of_shipwrecks_in_August_1914" title="List of shipwrecks in August 1914">August 1914</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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