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class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><p><b>Specials</b> is a short <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> block of characters allocated at the very end of the <a href="/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Multilingual Plane">Basic Multilingual Plane</a>, at U+FFF0–FFFF, containing these <a href="/wiki/Code_point" title="Code point">code points</a>: </p><ul><li><span class="nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">.mw-parser-output .monospaced{font-family:monospace,monospace}</style><span class="monospaced">U+FFF9</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR</span>, marks start of <a href="/wiki/Interlinear_gloss" title="Interlinear gloss">annotated text</a></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFA</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR</span>, marks start of annotating character(s)</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFB</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR</span>, marks end of annotation block</li> <li><span id="OBJ"><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFC</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em"></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</span></span>, placeholder in the text for another unspecified object, for example in a <a href="/wiki/Compound_document" title="Compound document">compound document</a>.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFD</span> </span><span style="font-size:125%;line-height:1em">�</span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">REPLACEMENT CHARACTER</span> used to replace an unknown, unrecognised, or unrepresentable character</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFE</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-FFFE></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'"></span> not a character.</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFF</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-FFFF></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'"></span> not a character.</li></ul><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="background:#CCE;">Specials</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Range</th><td class="infobox-data">U+FFF0..U+FFFF<br>(16 code points)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Plane</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Basic_Multilingual_Plane" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic Multilingual Plane">BMP</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Scripts</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Script_(Unicode)#Special_script_property_values" title="Script (Unicode)">Common</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Assigned</th><td class="infobox-data">5 code points</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unused</th><td class="infobox-data">9 reserved code points <br>2 non-characters</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Unicode version history</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">1.0.0 <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">(1991)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1 (+1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">2.1 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1998)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">2 (+1)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">3.0 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><span class="nobold">(1999)</span></th><td class="infobox-data">5 (+3)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#E6E6FF;">Unicode documentation</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFFF0.pdf">Code chart</a> ∣ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/nameslist/n_FFF0.html">Web page</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background:#eee;"><b>Note</b>: <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFE</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-FFFE></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'"></span> and <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FFFF</span> </span><span style="font-size:small"><noncharacter-FFFF></span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'"></span> are <a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Non-characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">noncharacters</a>, meaning they are reserved but do not cause ill-formed Unicode text. Versions of the Unicode standard from 3.1.0 to 6.3.0 claimed that these characters should never be interchanged, leading some applications to use them to guess text encoding by interpreting the presence of either as a sign that the text is not Unicode. However, Corrigendum #9 later specified that noncharacters are not illegal and so this method of checking text encoding is incorrect.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An example of an internal usage of U+FFFE is the <a href="/wiki/CLDR_algorithm" class="mw-redirect" title="CLDR algorithm">CLDR algorithm</a>; this extended Unicode algorithm maps the noncharacter to a minimal, unique primary weight.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Unicode's <span class="nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced">U+FEFF</span> </span> <span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase; font-feature-settings: 'onum'">ZERO WIDTH NO-BREAK SPACE</span> character can be inserted at the beginning of a Unicode text to signal its <a href="/wiki/Endianness" title="Endianness">endianness</a>: a program reading such a text and encountering 0xFFFE would then know that it should switch the byte order for all the following characters. </p><p>Its block name in Unicode 1.0 was <b>Special</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Replacement_character"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Replacement character</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Unicode_chart"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Unicode chart</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#History"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">History</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Replacement_character">Replacement character</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Replacement character" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Replacement_character.svg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/180px-Replacement_character.svg.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="180" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 180px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/180px-Replacement_character.svg.png" data-width="180" data-height="180" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/270px-Replacement_character.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Replacement_character.svg/360px-Replacement_character.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a><figcaption>Replacement character</figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>replacement character</b> � (often displayed as a black <a href="/wiki/Rhombus" title="Rhombus">rhombus</a> with a white question mark) is a symbol found in the <a href="/wiki/Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> standard at code point U+FFFD in the <i>Specials</i> table. It is used to indicate problems when a system is unable to render a stream of data to correct symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-Wichary_fallback_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wichary_fallback-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As an example, a text file encoded in <a href="/wiki/ISO_8859-1" class="mw-redirect" title="ISO 8859-1">ISO 8859-1</a> containing the German word <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">für</i></span> contains the bytes <code>0x66 0xFC 0x72</code>. If this file is opened with a text editor that assumes the input is <a href="/wiki/UTF-8" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a>, the first and third bytes are valid UTF-8 encodings of <a href="/wiki/ASCII" title="ASCII">ASCII</a>, but the second byte (<code>0xFC</code>) is not valid in UTF-8. The text editor could replace this byte with the replacement character to produce a valid string of Unicode code points for display, so the user sees "f�r". </p><p>A poorly implemented text editor might write out the replacement character when the user saves the file; the data in the file will then become <code>0x66 0xEF 0xBF 0xBD 0x72</code>. If the file is re-opened using ISO 8859-1, it will display "fï¿½r" (this is called <a href="/wiki/Mojibake" title="Mojibake">mojibake</a>). Since the replacement is the same for all errors it is impossible to recover the original character. A design that is better (but harder to implement) is to preserve the original bytes, including any errors, and only convert to the replacement when <i>displaying</i> the text. This will allow the text editor to save the original byte sequence, while still showing an error indication to the user. </p><p>At one time the replacement character was often used when there was no glyph available in a font for that character, as in <a href="/wiki/Font_substitution" title="Font substitution">font substitution</a>. However, most modern text rendering systems instead use a font's <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886049734"><span class="monospaced"><a href="/wiki/.notdef" class="mw-redirect" title=".notdef">.notdef</a></span> character, which in most cases is an empty box, or "?" or "X" in a box<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (this browser displays 􏿮), sometimes called a '<a href="/wiki/Noto_fonts#Etymology" title="Noto fonts">tofu</a>'. There is no Unicode code point for this symbol. </p><p>Thus the replacement character is now only seen for encoding errors. Some software programs translate invalid UTF-8 bytes to matching characters in <a href="/wiki/Windows-1252" title="Windows-1252">Windows-1252</a> (since that is the most common source of these errors), so that the replacement character is never seen. </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Unicode_chart">Unicode chart</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Unicode chart" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <table class="wikitable nounderlines" style="border-collapse:collapse;background:var(--background-color-base,#fff);color:inherit;font-size:large;text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Specials</a></b><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1041539562">.mw-parser-output .citation{word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}</style><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_UFFF0_as_of_Unicode_version"><a href="#endnote_UFFF0_as_of_Unicode_version">[1]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_UFFF0_grey"><a href="#endnote_UFFF0_grey">[2]</a></sup><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_UFFF0_black"><a href="#endnote_UFFF0_black">[3]</a></sup><br><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/charts/PDF/UFFF0.pdf">Official Unicode Consortium code chart</a> (PDF) </td></tr> <tr style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small"> <td style="width:45pt"> </td> <td style="width:20pt">0</td> <td style="width:20pt">1</td> <td style="width:20pt">2</td> <td style="width:20pt">3</td> <td style="width:20pt">4</td> <td style="width:20pt">5</td> <td style="width:20pt">6</td> <td style="width:20pt">7</td> <td style="width:20pt">8</td> <td style="width:20pt">9</td> <td style="width:20pt">A</td> <td style="width:20pt">B</td> <td style="width:20pt">C</td> <td style="width:20pt">D</td> <td style="width:20pt">E</td> <td style="width:20pt">F </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small">U+FFFx </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="Reserved" style="background-color:var(--background-color-disabled,#c8ccd1);color:inherit;"> </td> <td title="U+FFF9: INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION ANCHOR" style="font-size:75%"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black;">IAA</span> </td> <td title="U+FFFA: INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION SEPARATOR" style="font-size:75%"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black;">IAS</span> </td> <td title="U+FFFB: INTERLINEAR ANNOTATION TERMINATOR" style="font-size:75%"><span style="display:inline-block; border:1px dashed black;">IAT</span> </td> <td title="U+FFFC: OBJECT REPLACEMENT CHARACTER"> </td> <td title="U+FFFD: REPLACEMENT CHARACTER">� </td> <td title="Not a character" style="background-color:black;"> </td> <td title="Not a character" style="background-color:black;"> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="17" style="background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);color:inherit;font-size:small;text-align:left"><b>Notes</b> <dl><dd>1.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_UFFF0_as_of_Unicode_version"><b><a href="#ref_UFFF0_as_of_Unicode_version">^</a></b></span> As of Unicode version 16.0</dd> <dd>2.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_UFFF0_grey"><b><a href="#ref_UFFF0_grey">^</a></b></span> Grey areas indicate non-assigned code points</dd> <dd>3.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1041539562"><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_UFFF0_black"><b><a href="#ref_UFFF0_black">^</a></b></span> Black areas indicate <a href="/wiki/Universal_Character_Set_characters#Non-characters" title="Universal Character Set characters">noncharacters</a> (code points that are guaranteed never to be assigned as encoded characters in the Unicode Standard)</dd></dl> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>The following Unicode-related documents record the purpose and process of defining specific characters in the Specials block: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1253789634">@media screen{.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,.mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{position:sticky;top:0;z-index:10}.mw-parser-output .sticky-header:not(.wikitable),.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,body.vector-sticky-header-visible .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{top:3.125rem}}@media screen and (min-width:851px){body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>thead>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption+tbody>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>tbody:first-child>tr:first-child,body.skin-timeless .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>thead{top:3.51em}}@media screen and (max-width:639px){body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-monobook .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-legacy .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header,body.skin-vector-2022 .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header>caption,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi>caption{display:table-caption}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .sticky-header-multi.wikitable{background-color:#101418}}</style> <table class="wikitable collapsible sticky-header"> <tbody><tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode#Versions" title="Unicode">Version</a></th> <th><span class="nowrap">Final code points<sup id="cite_ref-final_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-final-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></th> <th>Count</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">UTC</a> ID</th> <th><a href="/wiki/International_Committee_for_Information_Technology_Standards" title="International Committee for Information Technology Standards">L2</a> ID</th> <th><a href="/wiki/ISO/IEC_JTC_1/SC_2" title="ISO/IEC JTC 1/SC 2">WG2</a> ID</th> <th>Document </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1.0.0</td> <td>U+FFFD</td> <td>1</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>(to be determined) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">U+FFFE..FFFF</td> <td rowspan="4">2</td> <td></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td>(to be determined) </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/consortium/utc-minutes/UTC-088-200108.html">L2/01-295R</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2">Moore, Lisa (2001-11-06), "Motion 88-M2", <i>Minutes from the UTC/L2 meeting #88</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Motion+88-M2&rft.btitle=Minutes+from+the+UTC%2FL2+meeting+%2388&rft.date=2001-11-06&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Lisa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2001/01355-FFFF_in_UTF-8.htm">L2/01-355</a></span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2369.htm">N2369 (html</a>,</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2369.doc">doc</a>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Davis_(Unicode)" title="Mark Davis (Unicode)">Davis, Mark</a> (2001-09-26), <i>Request to allow FFFF, FFFE in UTF-8 in the text of ISO/IEC 10646</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Request+to+allow+FFFF%2C+FFFE+in+UTF-8+in+the+text+of+ISO%2FIEC+10646&rft.date=2001-09-26&rft.aulast=Davis&rft.aufirst=Mark&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2002/02154-n2403-minutes.pdf">L2/02-154</a></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n2403.pdf">N2403</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S. (2002-04-22), "9.3 Allowing FFFF and FFFE in UTF-8", <i>Draft minutes of WG 2 meeting 41, Hotel Phoenix, Singapore, 2001-10-15/19</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=9.3+Allowing+FFFF+and+FFFE+in+UTF-8&rft.btitle=Draft+minutes+of+WG+2+meeting+41%2C+Hotel+Phoenix%2C+Singapore%2C+2001-10-15%2F19&rft.date=2002-04-22&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8">2.1</td> <td rowspan="8">U+FFFC</td> <td rowspan="8">1</td> <td><span class="nowrap">UTC/1995-056</span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Sargent, Murray (1995-12-06), <i>Recommendation to encode a WCH_EMBEDDING character</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Recommendation+to+encode+a+WCH_EMBEDDING+character&rft.date=1995-12-06&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1996-UTC/UTC67-Minutes.TXT">UTC/1996-002</a></span></td> <td></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan; Hart, Edwin; Greenfield, Steve (1996-03-05), "Embedded Objects", <i>UTC #67 Minutes</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Embedded+Objects&rft.btitle=UTC+%2367+Minutes&rft.date=1996-03-05&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Hart%2C+Edwin&rft.au=Greenfield%2C+Steve&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td>N1365</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Sargent, Murray (1996-03-18), <i>Proposal Summary – Object Replacement Character</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Proposal+Summary+%E2%80%93+Object+Replacement+Character&rft.date=1996-03-18&rft.aulast=Sargent&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1353.doc">N1353</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1996-06-25), "8.14", <i>Draft minutes of WG2 Copenhagen Meeting # 30</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.14&rft.btitle=Draft+minutes+of+WG2+Copenhagen+Meeting+%23+30&rft.date=1996-06-25&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rft.au=Ksar%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/97-288</span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1603.doc">N1603</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S. (1997-10-24), "7.3", <i>Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting # 33, Heraklion, Crete, Greece, 20 June – 4 July 1997</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=7.3&rft.btitle=Unconfirmed+Meeting+Minutes%2C+WG+2+Meeting+%23+33%2C+Heraklion%2C+Crete%2C+Greece%2C+20+June+%E2%80%93+4+July+1997&rft.date=1997-10-24&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98004R.pdf">L2/98-004R</a></span></td> <td>N1681</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Text of ISO 10646 – AMD 18 for PDAM registration and FPDAM ballot</i>, 1997-12-22</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Text+of+ISO+10646+%E2%80%93+AMD+18+for+PDAM+registration+and+FPDAM+ballot&rft.date=1997-12-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98070.pdf">L2/98-070</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold, "Additional comments regarding 2.1", <i>Minutes of the joint UTC and L2 meeting from the meeting in Cupertino, February 25-27, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Additional+comments+regarding+2.1&rft.btitle=Minutes+of+the+joint+UTC+and+L2+meeting+from+the+meeting+in+Cupertino%2C+February+25-27%2C+1998&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/02n3188.pdf">L2/98-318</a></span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1894_02n3188_fpdam%2018.pdf">N1894</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>Revised text of 10646-1/FPDAM 18, AMENDMENT 18: Symbols and Others</i>, 1998-10-22</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revised+text+of+10646-1%2FFPDAM+18%2C+AMENDMENT+18%3A+Symbols+and+Others&rft.date=1998-10-22&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="18">3.0</td> <td rowspan="18">U+FFF9..FFFB</td> <td rowspan="18">3</td> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1997/97255r.pdf">L2/97-255R</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan (1997-12-03), "3.D Proposal for In-Line Notation (ruby)", <i>Approved Minutes – UTC #73 & L2 #170 joint meeting, Palo Alto, CA – August 4-5, 1997</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.D+Proposal+for+In-Line+Notation+%28ruby%29&rft.btitle=Approved+Minutes+%E2%80%93+UTC+%2373+%26+L2+%23170+joint+meeting%2C+Palo+Alto%2C+CA+%E2%80%93+August+4-5%2C+1997&rft.date=1997-12-03&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98055.pdf">L2/98-055</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Freytag, Asmus (1998-02-22), <i>Support for Implementing Inline and Interlinear Annotations</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Support+for+Implementing+Inline+and+Interlinear+Annotations&rft.date=1998-02-22&rft.aulast=Freytag&rft.aufirst=Asmus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98070.pdf">L2/98-070</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold, "3.C.5. Support for implementing inline and interlinear annotations", <i>Minutes of the joint UTC and L2 meeting from the meeting in Cupertino, February 25-27, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=3.C.5.+Support+for+implementing+inline+and+interlinear+annotations&rft.btitle=Minutes+of+the+joint+UTC+and+L2+meeting+from+the+meeting+in+Cupertino%2C+February+25-27%2C+1998&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-099</span></td> <td>N1727</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Freytag, Asmus (1998-03-18), <i>Support for Implementing Interlinear Annotations as used in East Asian Typography</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Support+for+Implementing+Interlinear+Annotations+as+used+in+East+Asian+Typography&rft.date=1998-03-18&rft.aulast=Freytag&rft.aufirst=Asmus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98158.html">L2/98-158</a></span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan; Winkler, Arnold (1998-05-26), "Inline and Interlinear Annotations", <i>Draft Minutes – UTC #76 & NCITS Subgroup L2 #173 joint meeting, Tredyffrin, Pennsylvania, April 20-22, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Inline+and+Interlinear+Annotations&rft.btitle=Draft+Minutes+%E2%80%93+UTC+%2376+%26+NCITS+Subgroup+L2+%23173+joint+meeting%2C+Tredyffrin%2C+Pennsylvania%2C+April+20-22%2C+1998&rft.date=1998-05-26&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rft.au=Winkler%2C+Arnold&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-286</span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200215052615/http://std.dkuug.dk/jtc1/sc2/wg2/docs/n1703w97.doc">N1703</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Umamaheswaran, V. S.; Ksar, Mike (1998-07-02), "8.14", <i>Unconfirmed Meeting Minutes, WG 2 Meeting #34, Redmond, WA, USA; 1998-03-16--20</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=8.14&rft.btitle=Unconfirmed+Meeting+Minutes%2C+WG+2+Meeting+%2334%2C+Redmond%2C+WA%2C+USA%3B+1998-03-16--20&rft.date=1998-07-02&rft.aulast=Umamaheswaran&rft.aufirst=V.+S.&rft.au=Ksar%2C+Mike&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-270</span></td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Hiura, Hideki; <a href="/wiki/Tatsuo_Kobayashi" title="Tatsuo Kobayashi">Kobayashi, Tatsuo</a> (1998-07-29), <i>Suggestion to the inline and interlinear annotation proposal</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Suggestion+to+the+inline+and+interlinear+annotation+proposal&rft.date=1998-07-29&rft.aulast=Hiura&rft.aufirst=Hideki&rft.au=Kobayashi%2C+Tatsuo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98281r.pdf">L2/98-281R (pdf</a>,</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L1998/98281R.htm">html</a>)</td> <td></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Aliprand, Joan (1998-07-31), "In-Line and Interlinear Annotation (III.C.1.c)", <i>Unconfirmed Minutes – UTC #77 & NCITS Subgroup L2 # 174 JOINT MEETING, Redmond, WA -- July 29-31, 1998</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=In-Line+and+Interlinear+Annotation+%28III.C.1.c%29&rft.btitle=Unconfirmed+Minutes+%E2%80%93+UTC+%2377+%26+NCITS+Subgroup+L2+%23+174+JOINT+MEETING%2C+Redmond%2C+WA+--+July+29-31%2C+1998&rft.date=1998-07-31&rft.aulast=Aliprand&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-363</span></td> <td><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1861.pdf">N1861</a></td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Sato, T. K. (1998-09-01), <i>Ruby markers</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ruby+markers&rft.date=1998-09-01&rft.aulast=Sato&rft.aufirst=T.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td></td> <td><span class="nowrap">L2/98-372</span></td> <td><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.pdf">N1884R2 (pdf</a>,</span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/wg2/docs/n1884.doc">doc</a>)</td> <td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">Whistler, Ken; et al. 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Indicated as "strongly discouraged" for plain text interchange", <i>Analysis of Character Deprecation in the Unicode Standard</i></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=E.+Indicated+as+%22strongly+discouraged%22+for+plain+text+interchange&rft.btitle=Analysis+of+Character+Deprecation+in+the+Unicode+Standard&rft.date=2001-08-01&rft.aulast=Whistler&rft.aufirst=Ken&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASpecials+%28Unicode+block%29" class="Z3988"></span> </td></tr> <tr class="sortbottom"> <td colspan="7"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-final-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-final_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Proposed code points and characters names may differ from final code points and names</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unicode_control_characters" title="Unicode control characters">Unicode control characters</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Specials_(Unicode_block)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/ucd/">"Unicode character database"</a>. <i>The Unicode Standard</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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<span class="last-modified-bar__text modified-enhancement" data-user-name="VolatileAnomaly" data-user-gender="unknown" data-timestamp="1739593334"> <span>Last edited on 15 February 2025, at 04:22</span> </span> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon-size-small minerva-icon--expand"></span> </div> </a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id='mw-data-after-content'> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Languages</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%81_%D8%AE%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%A9_(%D8%B5%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%82_%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%88%D8%AF)" title="حروف خاصة (صناديق يونيكود) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حروف خاصة (صناديق يونيكود)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unicodeblock_Spezielles" title="Unicodeblock Spezielles – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Unicodeblock Spezielles" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(bloque_Unicode)" title="Specials (bloque Unicode) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Specials (bloque Unicode)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_des_caract%C3%A8res_Unicode/UFFF0" title="Table des caractères Unicode/UFFF0 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" 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title="Specials (Unicode) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Specials (Unicode)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(blok_Unicode)" title="Specials (blok Unicode) – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Specials (blok Unicode)" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A%E7%94%A8%E9%80%94%E6%96%87%E5%AD%97_(Unicode%E3%81%AE%E3%83%96%E3%83%AD%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF)" title="特殊用途文字 (Unicodeのブロック) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="特殊用途文字 (Unicodeのブロック)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8B" title="Специальные символы – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Специальные символы" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)" title="Specials (Unicode block) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Specials (Unicode block)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B5%DB%8C_(%DB%8C%D9%88%D9%86%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%DA%88_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%DA%A9)" title="خصوصی (یونیکوڈ بلاک) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="خصوصی (یونیکوڈ بلاک)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%89%B9%E6%AE%8A_(Unicode%E5%8D%80%E6%AE%B5)" title="特殊 (Unicode區段) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="特殊 (Unicode區段)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li></ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist hlist-separated"> <li 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