CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9134eb1a7e3bfe0b',cH: 'OAc_2wYtuy6kdtpSooqhZjVcPJdUuVmiJqYSHTZeBhg-1739786300-1.2.1.1-fV_23_MsDQpkMJYdm0sjgknbtd0JDcw7peRiTCnK_Oy_ZRVVaooQkDkx.M.2_o9t',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=PV%20System&__cf_chl_tk=YmoZ2.oM8fbw.8TU3alIksi8qyjAip8envGzCPpZAUY-1739786300-1.0.1.1-D1XnQcSgMyHJXyHThWJOuQZmAFHsVDC3MnWv4fb6jSE",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739786300',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=PV%20System&__cf_chl_f_tk=YmoZ2.oM8fbw.8TU3alIksi8qyjAip8envGzCPpZAUY-1739786300-1.0.1.1-D1XnQcSgMyHJXyHThWJOuQZmAFHsVDC3MnWv4fb6jSE",md: "ZRJrS5EqaUkGyh0ePO7B5jxu4i.zloKdruX.wnCB8_Y-1739786300-1.2.1.1-dSc2lH61DYwt0jin.HqLeDo3s8L3dlXPAIsikC1vn0qR_xzWga3Lxep9BO6ANv.mvTSilR1uyqx3tMK7Dv77UddvnmXLD1kgil4pBJfTlFCujG2iSStaQiYXI58.o0QeBdttMgRdBOrhbE._U1Vn5Lgr9a_r7x7tJ1m_OWGB8VJbIdcFoVNM_9PckdHF2pzTeZuVQA1UH1Hv6WfVxCdRdU042umkPfEnPy25suJdo4OuQ5sI8Gji4l60qZdfq208fjAupWFcEpCDUu6g2SFrXAeb6723d.7jnLFCHvWtin0OVc0o8eiJbaemda34uWiXLVr5yibKRyxj2AckEzn5ZGBEe5OFJGnb6PdB0XjqsgybtcSezX6ZmyUuSUWWaGuBr6pdSWndNHJ3nYHzwMQr211G_t2U2UnTij5U5DwgS3YGu5py0VZ70kOF3ZqJp7fGiC18z9uRmmnkVqs_exhJ2imUieVD83hUlMA.mWdC3TUAA3qNKNvhDnZ8oDQh96SqwhRbG8cSozAx3oTxAG1rSKZayCwrALgUeQJBM6YkEPcaG58oZYM2WvZgrkiA2mz1VlR0ZsB9UFi2SOwyH8vclmbuta6vuDyK4LcP53ZC_3qooao4mWHdCXKysQRZtMWjrQoStLyXF65TzcPHCelMIo9vWanVIjy_or76MnCozSn.BEf28oHM.F0cu9Nzq0cdVDsGkKo5VSoiqRsAt6f_U3C2Voi9jVVsFF9u.XA33QmOE77.g5ef1Tm0mrPb5KGf9yqKnOBSHmehO2SZUWBG0IRUkmRl_HAtpVl6UeB3SpwZgmN5i8NUiHogLYol70K.EE7VAcnQjRXVyaHKl5BF8OAIQQvqXuzTe38UeeA4MtOxdyUqm7hVbfR9XWRx4HYLB3ez2RJZxjUdu0BliLNutJtB81yhg.bdEQq3i4PFaOTlz.wi6iNQQo._DSC1.tM.Fj3Rd_fe.ZyChHB1cc8pTxbsnm4ueQuwSyV076EETFOyo2uQQqPWVhecvZJkRU1gnl9UXkEUJhM86FQP5qgDbwrYqnKaeRbVmfzbo6i.GUGihywizo4yrdJ3m6bsSomld3wwhEIWpUlZ2Nmka5UzXn2xiTkJLzqUqUkWZKtmoMWa9q9_OL94suiJs_mwCHy3WmIflPVDiccW8fbCy78K1itxvCByfPvrNfUjaGLGOUGnjtKEbAjoDQSnwB8UEFIxmF0Ujl1eSq1AHk_A9OYpAVlhnu0Yc4kcve7eAe6rdq_bPv7QA1XXHg_ow19wew9vCXISAO0wApjyw_xlLhoG.CrRIP2zLMqzqlAVgQCTv_IXKBhUruiIEVXKXymqD3JLaONC3uduo76jSBowVSKEKbGUIxi6nCjhIOZ8bIpsdyzfTTapMsj9oNVmBGOWp_IJ3Vkt4iNkL2A2olHf2PsbwRaYfwYLfxl7gd3DJMkWH19uE0P3vJ.juRXhinPT_Cbu4MYKhBQ6Dx2cVJtGqJO7yORlbGr8GTaZsRHmT7KyuBvJEZ9yfuief15diFqGtP7CAkbudNNYDv1T2XNLvaMTYlF7c97xHD4PW.mcm9G.7zpgdi8X9bIGJTteol1kh0PNUwm3_pXccWOc4S7MVRbvHmvAqSlQJuYOB.ewH2M0oztagz0sF1cVlAA60seX3V65vsxPNjeyCaD6CQDISdFCHPAWcgS1litiNIHWmn0bHEhmd1G0bQP0iP5OHL365U_ZHwt2ELV0ryo1aZbvj7cWPnc8wUhw6kUKqpU03S9Nqj383FOC0tMUY32hxMapTdhqPbpL_X0E2wIzc0m4bd42tPxcCKtBgvZoDDQUvO25hAb7Wv3c8dQuYjR8fVCBHa354KewIkRXb36.kmluttG_LzSn7RA.GuCeXt2IA1KWNt_AzXTLArhQlo3Gq2ReQAd0T0ji0PbCU5NN1uusB3aWog",mdrd: "amcOQbCq0slGuwcZ_1PsnnqYuhUQ86Cb5HTByFu55_0-1739786300-1.2.1.1-akft_dryeWtbrQLK1kCkv18aKJYxNnpzUKLw.SNIKgi.iPDjgxS39toofh3xty85mDK5XbyeP3sHmZFdGCij5jb1CTKEo7iiR7F436blBf_satvYuicXFi8AWiZAMsqNMD3VnKkaRmlu_zCh943CRmhMEFlVodPQNoqQp7ly.UPQrEpW9G.hf.NUROAKrelz0cxDjB6d_B_5.TBVF3XDEj9vCeh5AgYDAaLKALmyE_2mjRikI4Z3YjrzNcfurH6Gn1EML7l_.esFMY.x6GpD_4.Q38Hs2Vy.ceW0RtGGzDJ82C5Vm3TjSFkfiDXkdt68KWikMttRR1u5TUr8kpUzigSlmZb2aZf4xVyQZJ2HIG_2w_X_7Rwtg06bZvwQvmBmst2t6NvBkGU.vRpwWpgetZJSAjeYiJPUhr7dG479iRwj05eYWknrJ5qNtb7EdSiBptG7y5aaIMGWpfBcBZ9EjnC4StzTyhJ1qqpgZe11f5o8vw4tTA7uXIOHO.JPSt7YeQ5bUFESvd9UENCwV5z52fDf_qAdlKOCh4V8dZJoASBh56tsvhLw6j.eWC5isTTq.dJ7dzYOo19frYjXRNgAg55c73ei84IfhWri6WiHseipgo2pDfSrdVPG1UIQ0zIkocBe2y6NXWgev7QaWXBbYAbPT1F6FESa847MzR2.58qdr7Rg1DoC0m.ZaMyRt33U6aLavk2BvvQqoDSf6aZVVnekyUEohFwconrqQqrbPlk6okgMU8iBg29Xb94yBwgwH_hlxWuXJleordKZeedD.I8OAPjrsKRsDLpjA9jSM1X4p66.Y9FwpzjALE9cihkYqVUycMoXzOIwqkPUFIMLcWHeRlY1wYHSiI4YSDMSjIofDFP2qoJTkBwcC9Xh.JOjEDmxps_kiH3ZKWLjV7nrDujAJAG3XMN8YN7.J5U1cp7NhLes.FDvHv_e6mO.4mCgt8dZDRmg9MbvxH_BMrl62m.goyDMK_i4J0JlYtKOutVqbRDzzgv40qwJQOhkFfzTYO6.LVktT68FgnKrx74UbddQTsU7GSgf27w788955QO_6T.Y3DqJfRUTsJm0nxgFc3mjKSFoW0S0lbAmbmHcr9KWd_Q8pbHMXhGS6lqGYwfnecbLmRUYv2_yT7VaHMroQk3HWa_afmL1OeCOPzPZM_MQBJj5HJa9eOJbaLXWt9bXkv18z7hW1CPt_WarQ0UEgMN1ikuQ0tMADYwXZZBgpKzZO0zlKxOSc1UV7f4ouidjhH7H40Qwr.SGbzfPMKmTXaQytBUSrhk2ZOHOSEdv1vUUvU3KaaLgnrk2PmdcBQ8OTkEpV.zMqhqUjWzpwFG_4mZfYrmpx6ppyuCPJ6sWtBybbvUIEIX1yExpVH63a3HvDbAQAOfbj3SPnRHVIA_DcLX8S.2_KOPC3mCvmhSBhTPpqfeonKjAQTkFt.E6gzL_rD.TcNWUlvjxuctX17_9UYEobjuQE6p.uNpi4nx9MGO3oKJrnG07qDK57SlNw9W0b0U6qALOCNUdwQzSm8pg8WtyGMeifSr78OUJ4GOTm9CrfHyPlk7w_BxoxKMiFa0_Q8cBQN5TMSVCILtFmUpH0qAu1BPQp_6AJqq6R7S.h7PEuZWUN7r5rp0chMeE_9_xopNMgeLqdXkc57bCf43q7D_I52aIi.sFSSSsAsWXaQrh.i2e5mcqbx4OAvWbdNanfDNDjV9fHx7u9ohmGi9GNAro_S4xv5SJ0op3RsbpjdCKCxE6EOdYB8bfoctHarkbXwXh3ZnCy9fZUvCfv2JE1_pZQAe.ts69_X1NWF5xNQeUCs5jHPh3a1CS5S2H_W4XEr9XIjDTVFOdZ.7NpuPgVxy26dYiHY7SIGZPFLu2si.lG1ujU0j2nPkhKHDVKFsfbIRGMz9NizQ7TfsDOPod.9LGG8PgQangbqy.MOQH5fqLVxu31aV38gzrKnnm0tKabQgw92kkaAyhlpsWSc4_vR5Y982JKiwrtBC.Avw8AQ"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134eb1a7e3bfe0b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=PV%20System&__cf_chl_rt_tk=YmoZ2.oM8fbw.8TU3alIksi8qyjAip8envGzCPpZAUY-1739786300-1.0.1.1-D1XnQcSgMyHJXyHThWJOuQZmAFHsVDC3MnWv4fb6jSE" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>