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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Investigación"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Investigación</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Investigación-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notables_briologistas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notables_briologistas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Notables briologistas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notables_briologistas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referencias" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referencias"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Referencias</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referencias-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enlaces_externos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enlaces_externos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Enlaces externos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enlaces_externos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contenidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Tabla de contenidos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Cambiar a la tabla de contenidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Briología</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artículo en otro idioma. Disponible en 46 idiomas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 idiomas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B9%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="علم النباتات اللاوعائية – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم النباتات اللاوعائية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briolox%C3%ADa" title="Brioloxía – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Brioloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologiya" title="Briologiya – azerbaiyano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Briologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaiyano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бриология – baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бриология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Брыялогія – bielorruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Брыялогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologija" title="Briologija – bosnio" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Briologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bryologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Бриологи – chuvasio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Бриологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="chuvasio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologi" title="Bryologi – danés" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bryologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Bryologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Bryology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BColoogia" title="Brüoloogia – estonio" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brüoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – euskera" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="euskera" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AE%D8%B2%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="خزه‌شناسی – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="خزه‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bryologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology – frisón occidental" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Bryology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisón occidental" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briolox%C3%ADa" title="Brioloxía – gallego" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Brioloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briol%C3%B3gia" title="Briológia – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Briológia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%AB%D5%B8%D5%AC%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Բրիոլոգիա – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրիոլոգիա" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologi" title="Briologi – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Briologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Mosafræði – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Mosafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%98%9A%E8%8B%94%E5%AD%A6" title="蘚苔学 – japonés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="蘚苔学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бриология – kazajo" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бриология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazajo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%84%A0%ED%83%9C%ED%95%99" title="선태학 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="선태학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бриология – kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бриология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briolo%C4%A3ija" title="Brioloģija – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brioloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бриологија – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Бриологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%BF" title="ബ്രയോളജി – malayálam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബ്രയോളജി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayálam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" title="Bryologie – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bryologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologi" title="Bryologi – noruego nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bryologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruego nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologi" title="Bryologi – noruego bokmal" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bryologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruego bokmal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologia" title="Briologia – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Briologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologie" title="Briologie – rumano" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Briologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Бриология – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бриология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologija" title="Briologija – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Briologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryology" title="Bryology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bryology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Бриологија – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бриологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologi" title="Bryologi – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bryologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%B5" title="ไบรโอโลยี – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ไบรโอโลยี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briyoloji" title="Briyoloji – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Briyoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%96%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Бріологія – ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Бріологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briologiya" title="Briologiya – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Briologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Bryophyte_1.jpg/440px-Bryophyte_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>Briofitas comunes encontradas en el centro de Japón</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>briología</b> (del griego <i>bruon</i>, musgo) es una rama de la <a href="/wiki/Bot%C3%A1nica" title="Botánica">botánica</a> consagrada al estudio de los <a href="/wiki/Bryophyta_sensu_lato" title="Bryophyta sensu lato">briofitas</a> (vulgarmente, musgos), que reagrupan: </p> <ol><li>Los <a href="/wiki/Bryophyta_sensu_stricto" title="Bryophyta sensu stricto">musgos</a>, en sentido estricto.</li> <li>Las <a href="/wiki/Anthocerotophyta" title="Anthocerotophyta">antóceras</a>.</li> <li>Las <a href="/wiki/Hepaticophyta" title="Hepaticophyta">hepáticas</a>.</li></ol> <p>Se distingue la briología genética, que se practica exclusivamente en el laboratorio, de la briología de campo. Los briólogos suelen ser botánicos que tienen un interés activo en observar, registrar, clasificar o investigar las briófitas.<sup id="cite_ref-nybg_1-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-nybg-1"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>1<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El campo a menudo se estudia junto con la <a href="/wiki/Liquenolog%C3%ADa" title="Liquenología">liquenología</a> debido a la apariencia similar y al nicho ecológico de los dos organismos, a pesar de que las briófitas y los líquenes no están clasificados en el mismo reino. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historia">Historia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Briolog%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar sección: Historia"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Conocidas y utilizadas desde tiempos inmemoriales, las briófitas no fueron objeto de atención especial hasta finales del siglo XVIII, cuando los musgos se convirtieron en un pasatiempo para los ricos o los <a href="/wiki/Naturalista" title="Naturalista">naturalistas</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Sloover_2-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Sloover-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El único trabajo dedicado exclusivamente a los musgos antes de ese momento fue la <i>Historia muscorum</i> de <a href="/wiki/Johann_Jacob_Dillenius" title="Johann Jacob Dillenius">Dillenius</a>, que había sido profesor en <a href="/wiki/Oxford_University" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxford University">Oxford</a>, publicada en 1741.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>3<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> En los siglos anteriores, las briofitas, como otras <a href="/wiki/Criptogama" class="mw-redirect" title="Criptogama">criptogamas</a> (taxones que ahora no son válidos, incluidas las algas, los líquenes, los helechos), fueron de hecho poco estudiadas dado su pequeño tamaño, a que su órgano reproductor no era visible y a la falta de beneficios que el hombre podía obtener de ellos.<sup id="cite_ref-Vallade_4-0" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Vallade-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Grupo poco conocido y a menudo descuidado en los inventarios naturalistas, el estudio de la brioflora no interesaba a los botánicos: las floras locales que popularizó la briología no se desarrollaron hasta el siglo XIX.<sup id="cite_ref-Sloover_2-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Sloover-2"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>2<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hedwig" title="Johannes Hedwig">Johannes Hedwig</a>, «padre de la briología», aclaró el sistema reproductivo de los musgos (<i>Fundamentum historiae naturalist muscorum</i>) gracias al desarrollo de la <a href="/wiki/Microscop%C3%ADa_%C3%B3ptica" class="mw-redirect" title="Microscopía óptica">microscopía óptica</a> y estableció la primera <a href="/wiki/Taxonom%C3%ADa" title="Taxonomía">taxonomía</a> en 1782, convirtiéndolo en un todo verdaderamente natural, subdividido en <i>Musci frondosi</i> (musgos) y <i>Musci hepatici</i> (hepáticas).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>5<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> En 1789, <a href="/wiki/Antoine-Laurent_de_Jussieu" title="Antoine-Laurent de Jussieu">Jussieu</a> propuso una clasificación natural en su <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Genera_plantarum_(Jussieu)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Genera plantarum (Jussieu) (aún no redactado)">Genera plantarum</a></i>, y fue el primero en utilizar el término de musgo (<i>mousse</i>) para representar este conjunto que clasificó entre las «plantas sin flores», con los Fungi (hongos), Algae (algas) y Filices (helechos).<sup id="cite_ref-Vallade_4-1" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Vallade-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> El término briofita (<i>Bryophyte</i>) fue acuñado en 1864 por el botánico alemán <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Braun" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander Braun">Alexander Braun</a>, que encierra dos palabras griegas, <i>bryo</i> que significa musgo y <i>phytos</i> que significa planta.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>6<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> Su colega <a href="/wiki/Georg_Wilhelm_Schimper" title="Georg Wilhelm Schimper">Schimper</a>, autor principal de la <i>Bryologia europaea</i> publicada entre 1835 y 1856,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>7<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> un trabajo de referencia para la nomenclatura de especies, las clasificó en 1879 en un grupo específico dentro del <a href="/wiki/Reino_vegetal" class="mw-redirect" title="Reino vegetal">reino vegetal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>8<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>En Francia, el botánico <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tranquille_Husnot" title="Pierre Tranquille Husnot">Pierre Tranquille Husnot</a> fundó en 1874 la <i>Revue Bryologique</i>, la primera publicación periódica dedicada a las briófitas. Los estudios briológicos actualmente cubren diferentes áreas: <a href="/wiki/Flor%C3%ADstica" class="mw-redirect" title="Florística">florística</a> (estudio de la brioflora), uso de <a href="/wiki/Biolog%C3%ADa_molecular" title="Biología molecular">herramientas moleculares</a> y de la <a href="/wiki/Gen%C3%A9tica_de_poblaciones" title="Genética de poblaciones">genética de poblaciones</a>, enfoque ecológico (musgos como <a href="/wiki/Bioindicador" title="Bioindicador">bioindicadores</a>)...<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>9<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Si bien son parte del patrimonio natural que genera <a href="/wiki/Servicios_ecosist%C3%A9micos" class="mw-redirect" title="Servicios ecosistémicos">servicios ecosistémicos</a> e incluso en lugares donde hay poca cobertura muscular, la briodiversidad es importante, aunque el público en general sigue desconociendo a las briófitas, beneficiándose la briología solo de una difusión confidencial.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>10<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Investigación"><span id="Investigaci.C3.B3n"></span>Investigación</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Briolog%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar sección: Investigación"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Las investigaciones en este campo incluyen la sistemática, el estudio delos musgos como bioindicadores, la <a href="/wiki/Secuenciaci%C3%B3n" title="Secuenciación">secuenciación</a> del ADN y su interdependencia con otras especies de plantas y de animales. Entre otras cosas, los científicos han descubierto briófitas parásitas como <i><a href="/wiki/Cryptothallus" title="Cryptothallus">Cryptothallus</a></i> y hepáticas potencialmente <a href="/wiki/Planta_carn%C3%ADvora" title="Planta carnívora">carnívoras</a> como <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colura_zoophaga&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colura zoophaga (aún no redactado)">Colura zoophaga</a></i> y <i><a href="/wiki/Pleurozia" class="mw-redirect" title="Pleurozia">Pleurozia</a></i>. </p><p>Las <a href="/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_filogen%C3%A9tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Clasificación filogenética">clasificaciones filogenéticas</a> recientes incluyen a las briófitas en el taxón <a href="/wiki/Monofil%C3%A9tico" title="Monofilético">monofilético</a> de <a href="/wiki/Embriofitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Embriofitas">embriofitas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plantas_terrestres" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantas terrestres">plantas terrestres</a> que comprenden «criptogamas» (briofitas y pteridofitas).<sup id="cite_ref-Vallade_4-2" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-Vallade-4"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>4<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Sistem%C3%A1tica_filogen%C3%A9tica" class="mw-redirect" title="Sistemática filogenética">sistemática filogenética</a> sugiere que las briófitas que <a href="/wiki/Salida_de_las_aguas" title="Salida de las aguas">colonizaron el continente</a> representan el vínculo entre un grupo de algas evolucionadas, las <a href="/wiki/Characeae" class="mw-redirect" title="Characeae">Characeae</a> y las <a href="/wiki/Plantas_vasculares" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantas vasculares">plantas vasculares</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>11<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> También se ha encontrado que las briófitas forman un grupo <a href="/wiki/Parafil%C3%A9tico" title="Parafilético">parafilético</a> (la <a href="/wiki/Monofilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Monofilia">monofilia</a> o <a href="/wiki/Polifilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Polifilia">polifilia</a> de este <a href="/wiki/Tax%C3%B3n" title="Taxón">taxón</a> ha sido discutida durante mucho tiempo<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>12<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup>), abandonada por los <a href="/wiki/Cladismo" class="mw-redirect" title="Cladismo">cladistas</a> pero mantenida como un <a href="/wiki/Grado_evolutivo" class="mw-redirect" title="Grado evolutivo">grado evolutivo</a> por los <a href="/wiki/Sistem%C3%A1tica_evolutiva" title="Sistemática evolutiva"> sistemáticos evolutivos</a>. Se compone de tres <a href="/wiki/Filos" class="mw-redirect" title="Filos">filos</a>, los <a href="/wiki/Hepaticophyta" title="Hepaticophyta">Marchantiophytas</a> (hepáticos), los Bryophytes s.s. (musgo, esfagno) y <a href="/wiki/Anthocerotophyta" title="Anthocerotophyta">Anthocerotophytas</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anthocerotophyta" title="Anthocerotophyta">antóceras</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference separada"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="corchete-llamada">[</span>13<span class="corchete-llamada">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>La <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Bonn" title="Universidad de Bonn">Universidad de Bonn</a>, en Alemania, la <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_Helsinki" title="Universidad de Helsinki">Universidad de Helsinki</a>, en Finlandia, y el <a href="/wiki/Jard%C3%ADn_Bot%C3%A1nico_de_Nueva_York" title="Jardín Botánico de Nueva York">Jardín Botánico de Nueva York</a>, son importantes centros de investigación en briología. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notables_briologistas">Notables briologistas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Briolog%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar sección: Notables briologistas"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Christian_Funck" title="Heinrich Christian Funck">Heinrich Christian Funck</a> (1771-1839)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Kaye_Greville" title="Robert Kaye Greville">Robert Kaye Greville</a> (1794-1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Joseph_Berkeley" title="Miles Joseph Berkeley">Miles Joseph Berkeley</a> (1803-1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Philippe_Schimper" title="Guillaume Philippe Schimper">Guillaume Philippe Schimper</a> (1808-1880), botánico francés del XIX, especialista en musgos.</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wilhelm_Theodor_G%C3%BCmbel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wilhelm Theodor Gümbel (aún no redactado)">Wilhelm Theodor Gümbel</a> (1812-1858)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Friedrich_Warnstorf" title="Carl Friedrich Warnstorf">Carl Friedrich Warnstorf</a> (1837-1921)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Tranquille_Husnot" title="Pierre Tranquille Husnot">Pierre Tranquille Husnot</a> (1840-1929), botánico francés, fundador de la <i>Revue bryologique</i> en 1874.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Gertrude_Britton" title="Elizabeth Gertrude Britton">Elizabeth Gertrude Britton</a> (1858-1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Sibella_Brown" title="Margaret Sibella Brown">Margaret Sibella Brown</a> (1866-1961)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mary_S._Taylor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mary S. Taylor (aún no redactado)">Mary S. Taylor</a> (n. 1885-?)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Inez_M._Haring&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Inez M. Haring (aún no redactado)">Inez M. Haring</a> (1875-1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiroshi_Inoue_(bot%C3%A1nico)" title="Hiroshi Inoue (botánico)">Hiroshi Inoue</a> (1932-1989)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referencias">Referencias</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Briolog%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar sección: Referencias"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="listaref" style="-moz-column-count:2; -webkit-column-count:2; column-count:2; list-style-type: decimal;"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-nybg-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-nybg_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040222080004/http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/Bryology.asp">«Bryology at the New York Botanical Garden»</a>. New York Botanical Garden. Archivado desde <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sciweb.nybg.org/science2/Bryology.asp">el original</a> el 22 de febrero de 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado el 24 de diciembre de 2011</span>.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.btitle=Bryology+at+the+New+York+Botanical+Garden&rft.genre=book&rft.pub=New+York+Botanical+Garden&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsciweb.nybg.org%2Fscience2%2FBryology.asp&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sloover-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Sloover_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sloover_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFJean-Louis_De_Sloover,_Anne-Marie_Bogaert-Damin1999" class="citation libro">Jean-Louis De Sloover, Anne-Marie Bogaert-Damin (1999). [<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//books.google.com/books?id=z7q4PydMVJkC">Briología</a></i> en <a href="/wiki/Google_Libros" title="Google Libros">Google Libros</a> <i>Les Muscinées du XVIe au XIXe siècle dans les collections de la Bibliothèque universitaire Moretus Plantin</i>]<span style="font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment"> <code>|url=</code> incorrecta (<a href="/wiki/Ayuda:Errores_en_las_referencias#bad_url" title="Ayuda:Errores en las referencias">ayuda</a>)</span>. Presses universitaires de Namur. p. 22.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.au=Jean-Louis+De+Sloover%2C+Anne-Marie+Bogaert-Damin&rft.aulast=Jean-Louis+De+Sloover%2C+Anne-Marie+Bogaert-Damin&rft.btitle=Les+Muscin%C3%A9es+du+XVIe+au+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle+dans+les+collections+de+la+Biblioth%C3%A8que+universitaire+Moretus+Plantin&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Namur&rft_id=%27%27%5B%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz7q4PydMVJkC+Briolog%C3%ADa%5D%27%27+en+Google+Libros&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFJean-Louis_De_Sloover,_Anne-Marie_Bogaert-Damin1999" class="citation libro">Jean-Louis De Sloover, Anne-Marie Bogaert-Damin (1999). <i>Les Muscinées du XVIe au XIXe siècle dans les collections de la Bibliothèque universitaire Moretus Plantin</i>. Presses universitaires de Namur. p. 103.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.au=Jean-Louis+De+Sloover%2C+Anne-Marie+Bogaert-Damin&rft.aulast=Jean-Louis+De+Sloover%2C+Anne-Marie+Bogaert-Damin&rft.btitle=Les+Muscin%C3%A9es+du+XVIe+au+XIXe+si%C3%A8cle+dans+les+collections+de+la+Biblioth%C3%A8que+universitaire+Moretus+Plantin&rft.date=1999&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Presses+universitaires+de+Namur&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vallade-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <a href="#cite_ref-Vallade_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vallade_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vallade_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFJean_Vallade2008" class="citation libro">Jean Vallade (2008). <i>L'œil de lynx des microscopistes. La sexualité végétale : l'apport des micrographes depuis le XVIIe siècle</i>. Éditions universitaires de Dijon. p. 111.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.au=Jean+Vallade&rft.aulast=Jean+Vallade&rft.btitle=L%27%C5%93il+de+lynx+des+microscopistes.+La+sexualit%C3%A9+v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale+%3A+l%27apport+des+micrographes+depuis+le+XVIIe+si%C3%A8cle&rft.date=2008&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=111&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+universitaires+de+Dijon&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">J. Hedwig, <i>Theoria generationis et fructificationis plantarum cryptogamarum Linnæi</i>, Pétersbourg, 1784, p. 52 sqq</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFAnupama_Krishna2011" class="citation libro">Anupama Krishna (2011). <i>Botany for Degree Students. Bryophyta</i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>. S. Chand Publishing. p. 12.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.au=Anupama+Krishna&rft.aulast=Anupama+Krishna&rft.btitle=Botany+for+Degree+Students.+Bryophyta&rft.date=2011&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=12&rft.pub=S.+Chand+Publishing&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wilhelm Philipp Schimper, <a href="/wiki/Philipp_Bruch" title="Philipp Bruch">Philipp Bruch</a> et Th. Gümbel, <i>Bryologia europaea</i>, Stuttgart 1836–55, 6 volumes avec 640 planches + supplément, Stuttgart 1864–66, avec 40 planches</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFN._S._Parihar1959" class="citation libro">N. S. Parihar (1959). <i>An Introduction to Embryophyta</i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>. Central Book Depot. p. 4.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.au=N.+S.+Parihar&rft.aulast=N.+S.+Parihar&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+Embryophyta&rft.date=1959&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=4&rft.pub=Central+Book+Depot&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFDenis_Lamy2006" class="citation publicación">Denis Lamy (2006). «Vers une histoire de la bryologie en France». <i>Bulletin mycologique et botanique Dauphiné-Savoie</i> (182): 9.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.atitle=Vers+une+histoire+de+la+bryologie+en+France&rft.au=Denis+Lamy&rft.aulast=Denis+Lamy&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=article&rft.issue=182&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+mycologique+et+botanique+Dauphin%C3%A9-Savoie&rft.pages=9&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation libro"><i>Guide de balades à la découverte de la biodiversité végétale régionale</i>. Conservatoire et jardin botaniques de Genève. 1995. p. 7.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.btitle=Guide+de+balades+%C3%A0+la+d%C3%A9couverte+de+la+biodiversit%C3%A9+v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tale+r%C3%A9gionale&rft.date=1995&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Conservatoire+et+jardin+botaniques+de+Gen%C3%A8ve&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">G. Decoq. 2006. Bref aperçu de la systématique phylogénique des hépatiques, anthocérotes et mousses. In Lamy, D., Decocq, G., Boudier, P., Chavoutier, J., Bardat, J., Hugonnot, V., & Rausch de Trautenberg, C. (eds), Bulletin Mycologique et Botanique Dauphiné-Savoie Spécial Bryophytes, p. 11– 16</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span id="CITAREFA._Jonathan_Shaw,_Bernard_Goffinet2000" class="citation libro">A. Jonathan Shaw, Bernard Goffinet (2000). <i>Bryophyte Biology</i> <span style="color:var(--color-subtle, #555 );">(en inglés)</span>. Cambridge University Press. p. 135.</span><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fes.wikipedia.org%3ABriolog%C3%ADa&rft.au=A.+Jonathan+Shaw%2C+Bernard+Goffinet&rft.aulast=A.+Jonathan+Shaw%2C+Bernard+Goffinet&rft.btitle=Bryophyte+Biology&rft.date=2000&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=135&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-13">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="color:var(--color-subtle,#555);">(en inglés)</span> K.S. Renzaglia, J.C Villareal & R.J. Duff. 2008. New insights into morphology, anatomy and systematics of hornworts, in : Goffinet, B., & Shaw, A.J. (eds), Bryophyte Biology, Cambridge University Press, p. 139-171</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Briolog%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Antoine Risso, <i>Bryologie d'Europe</i>, Hachette, 2014</li></ul> <dl><dd><ul><li><span style="color:var(--color-subtle,#555);">(en francés)</span> [Initiation à la bryologie de terrain avec Philippe De Zuttere ], Vidéo de la fondation bryologique Philippe De Zuttere ; film de vulgarisation, Tango Vidéo; disponible en YouTube, por Benoit Huc</li> <li><span style="color:var(--color-subtle,#555);">(en francés)</span> [<i>Les bryophytes, ces plantes secrètes qui nous entourent</i> ], Vidéo de la fondation bryologique Philippe De Zuttere ; film de vulgarisation, Tango Vidéo ; disponible en YouTube</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Enlaces_externos">Enlaces externos</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Briolog%C3%ADa&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar sección: Enlaces externos"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> alberga una categoría multimedia sobre <b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Ichthyosaura_alpestris" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Ichthyosaura alpestris">Briología</a></b>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://briologia-en-el-inecol.blogspot.com">Briología</a> en el sitio web del INECOL (México).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100712221514/http://friendfeed.com/bryosphere">BryoSphere: Recursos de Briología en internet</a>, publicados en el sitio web Friend Feed.</li> <li><div class="plainlinks" style="display:inline">Esta obra contiene una traducción derivada de «<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie" class="extiw" title="fr:Bryologie">Bryologie</a>» de Wikipedia en francés, publicada por <a class="external text" href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryologie?action=history">sus editores</a> bajo la <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Texto_de_la_Licencia_de_documentaci%C3%B3n_libre_de_GNU" title="Wikipedia:Texto de la Licencia de documentación libre de GNU">Licencia de documentación libre de GNU</a> y la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.es">Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-CompartirIgual 4.0 Internacional</a>.</div></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r161257576">.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control{margin-top:1.5em}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox table{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox hr:last-child{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox+.mw-mf-linked-projects{display:none}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{display:flex;padding:0.5em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0);color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects ul li{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#f8f9fa}.mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#eeeeff}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d);background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d);color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .mw-mf-linked-projects{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)!important;color:var(--color-base,#eaecf0)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#72777d)!important;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#202122)!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox-list{border-color:#202122!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mw-authority-control .navbox th{background-color:#27292d!important}}</style><div class="mw-authority-control"><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="width: inherit;padding:3px"><table class="hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width: 12%; 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