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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Administration </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Administration-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Administration subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Administration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Local government </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Civil_parishes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Civil_parishes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Civil parishes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Civil_parishes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Health_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Health services </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Areas_and_suburbs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Areas_and_suburbs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Areas and suburbs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Areas_and_suburbs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compass" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compass"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Compass </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compass-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Demography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Ethnicity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Leisure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Leisure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.1 Leisure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Leisure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.2 Entertainment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Libraries,_museums_and_galleries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Libraries,_museums_and_galleries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.3 Libraries, museums and galleries </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Libraries,_museums_and_galleries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.4 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rugby_Union" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rugby_Union"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.1 Rugby Union </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rugby_Union-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Association_Football" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Association_Football"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.2 Association Football </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Association_Football-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cricket" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cricket"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.3 Cricket </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Motorsport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Motorsport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.4 Motorsport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Motorsport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.5.5 Other Sports </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6.6 Media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_buildings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_buildings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notable buildings </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Notable_buildings-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Notable buildings subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Notable_buildings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Memorials" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Memorials"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Memorials </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Memorials-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Transport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Notable people </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Twin_towns" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Twin_towns"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Twin towns </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Twin_towns-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Freedom_of_the_Borough"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Freedom of the Borough </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Freedom of the Borough subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Freedom_of_the_Borough-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Military_units" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Military_units"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Military units </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Military_units-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organisations_and_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organisations_and_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Organisations and groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organisations_and_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Northampton</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 68 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-68" aria-hidden="true" > 68 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="نورثامبتون – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نورثامبتون" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northempton" title="Northempton – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Northempton" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="نورث‌همپتون – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نورث‌همپتون" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нартгемптан – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Нартгемптан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B3%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Нортгэмптан – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Нортгэмптан" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D1%8A%D0%BD" title="Нортхамптън – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нортхамптън" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Northampton (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Northampton (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B8%CE%AC%CE%BC%CF%80%CF%84%CE%BF%CE%BD" title="Νορθάμπτον – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νορθάμπτον" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="نورث‌همپتون – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نورث‌همپتون" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EC%83%98%ED%94%84%ED%84%B4" title="노샘프턴 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노샘프턴" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%86%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%A9%D5%B0%D5%A5%D5%B4%D6%83%D5%A9%D5%B8%D5%B6" title="Նորթհեմփթոն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Նորթհեմփթոն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нортгемптон – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Нортгемптон" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%AA%27%D7%94%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A4%D7%98%D7%95%D7%9F" title="נורת'האמפטון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נורת'האמפטון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нортгемптон – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Нортгемптон" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northamptonia" title="Northamptonia – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Northamptonia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northemptona" title="Northemptona – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Northemptona" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nortamptonas" title="Nortamptonas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nortamptonas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%82%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%BA" title="നോർത്താംപ്റ്റൺ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="നോർത്താംപ്റ്റൺ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%85%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%A8" title="नॉर्थहॅम्प्टन – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="नॉर्थहॅम्प्टन" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AB%D9%87%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A8%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%86" title="نورثهامبتون – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نورثهامبتون" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B5%E3%83%B3%E3%83%97%E3%83%88%E3%83%B3" title="ノーサンプトン – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノーサンプトン" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norhamtoune" title="Norhamtoune – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Norhamtoune" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нортгемптон – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нортгемптон" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нортхемптон – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нортхемптон" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton_(Northamptonshire)" title="Northampton (Northamptonshire) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Northampton (Northamptonshire)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D2%BB%D3%99%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нортһәмптон – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Нортһәмптон" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Нортгемптон – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нортгемптон" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DA%BE%DB%8C%D9%85%D9%BE%D9%B9%D9%86" title="نارتھیمپٹن – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نارتھیمپٹن" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northampton" title="Northampton – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Northampton" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%89%E6%99%AE%E9%A1%BF" title="北安普顿 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北安普顿" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E5%92%B8%E9%A0%93" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northampton&params=52.2303748_N_0.8937527_W_region:GB_type:city">52°13′49″N 0°53′38″W / 52.2303748°N 0.8937527°W / 52.2303748; -0.8937527</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton_Act_1988&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton Act 1988">Northampton Act 1988</a>)</div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town in Northamptonshire, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the town in England. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Northampton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Northampton (disambiguation)">Northampton (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Town and civil parish in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Northampton</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">Town and civil parish</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:242px;max-width:242px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div style="border:1;;height:178px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg/238px-Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="238" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg/357px-Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg/476px-Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:56px;max-width:56px"><div style="border:1;;height:101px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_lift_tower_8.06.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Northampton_lift_tower_8.06.jpg/54px-Northampton_lift_tower_8.06.jpg" decoding="async" width="54" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Northampton_lift_tower_8.06.jpg/81px-Northampton_lift_tower_8.06.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Northampton_lift_tower_8.06.jpg/108px-Northampton_lift_tower_8.06.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1028" data-file-height="1944" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div style="border:1;;height:101px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:All_Saints_Church_(geograph_7247736).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg/180px-All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg/270px-All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg/360px-All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2252" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="border:1;;height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Abington-Park.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Abington-Park.jpg/124px-Abington-Park.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Abington-Park.jpg/186px-Abington-Park.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Abington-Park.jpg/248px-Abington-Park.jpg 2x" data-file-width="916" data-file-height="611" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div style="border:1;;height:82px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg/110px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg/165px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg/220px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2760" /></a></div></div></div></div></div><div>Clockwise from top: <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Guildhall" title="Northampton Guildhall">Northampton Guildhall</a>; <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Northampton" title="All Saints' Church, Northampton">All Saints' Church</a>; Market Square; <a href="/wiki/Abington_Park" title="Abington Park">Abington Park</a> and; the <a href="/wiki/National_Lift_Tower" title="National Lift Tower">National Lift Tower</a></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><a href="/wiki/File:Northamptonshire_UK_location_map_(2021).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Northampton is located in Northamptonshire"><img alt="Northampton is located in Northamptonshire" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Northamptonshire_UK_location_map_%282021%29.svg/240px-Northamptonshire_UK_location_map_%282021%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Northamptonshire_UK_location_map_%282021%29.svg/360px-Northamptonshire_UK_location_map_%282021%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Northamptonshire_UK_location_map_%282021%29.svg/480px-Northamptonshire_UK_location_map_%282021%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1037" data-file-height="1187" /></a><div class="od notheme" style="top:60.223%;left:44.73%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><img alt="Northampton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Northampton</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">249,093 (2021 census)<a href="#cite_note-CityPop-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">Civil parish</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Northampton</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Unitary authority</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Areas of the town</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Abington,_Northamptonshire" title="Abington, Northamptonshire">Abington</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Boughton,_Northamptonshire" title="Boughton, Northamptonshire">Boughton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Boothville</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Brackmills" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackmills">Brackmills</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Collingtree" title="Collingtree">Collingtree</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Cotton_End,_Northampton" title="Cotton End, Northampton">Cotton End</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dallington,_Northamptonshire" title="Dallington, Northamptonshire">Dallington</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Delapr%C3%A9_Abbey" title="Delapré Abbey">Delapre</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Duston" title="Duston">Duston</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/East_Hunsbury" title="East Hunsbury">East Hunsbury</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Far_Cotton" title="Far Cotton">Far Cotton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Hardingstone" title="Hardingstone">Hardingstone</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hopping Hill</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Hunsbury Meadows</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kingsthorpe" title="Kingsthorpe">Kingsthorpe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Moulton,_Northamptonshire" title="Moulton, Northamptonshire">Moulton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Rothersthorpe" title="Rothersthorpe">Rothersthorpe</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Semilong</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Town Centre</li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/West_Hunsbury" title="West Hunsbury">West Hunsbury</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Wootton,_Northamptonshire" title="Wootton, Northamptonshire">Wootton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">NORTHAMPTON</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/NN_postcode_area" title="NN postcode area">NN1—NN7</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">01604</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Police" title="Northamptonshire Police">Northamptonshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northamptonshire Fire and Rescue Service">Northamptonshire</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="East Midlands Ambulance Service">East Midlands</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton North (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Northampton_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton South (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton South</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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<dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>List of places</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Northamptonshire" title="List of places in Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></dd></dl></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Northampton&params=52.2303748_N_0.8937527_W_region:GB_type:city">52°13′49″N 0°53′38″W / 52.2303748°N 0.8937527°W / 52.2303748; -0.8937527</a></td></tr></tbody></table> Northampton (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/nɔːrˈθæmptən/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/f\/f0\/En-uk-Northampton.ogg\/En-uk-Northampton.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-uk-Northampton.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f0/En-uk-Northampton.ogg/En-uk-Northampton.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-uk-Northampton.ogg" title="File:En-uk-Northampton.ogg">ⓘ</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key">nor-THAMP-tən</a>) is a town and <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parish</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> in the <a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a> unitary authority area<a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>, England. It is the county town of Northamptonshire and the administrative centre of the <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a>. The town is situated on the <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a>, 60 miles (97 km) north-west of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and 50 miles (80 km) south-east of <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>. Northampton is one of the largest towns in England;<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> the population of its overall urban area was recorded as 249,093 in the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_Kingdom_census" title="2021 United Kingdom census">2021 census</a>.<a href="#cite_note-CityPop-1">[1]</a> The parish of Northampton alone had 137,387.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> Archaeological evidence of settlement in the area dates to the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Britain" title="Bronze Age Britain">Bronze Age</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Romans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxons" title="Anglo-Saxons">Anglo-Saxons</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, the town rose to national significance with the establishment of <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Castle" title="Northampton Castle">Northampton Castle</a>, an occasional royal residence which regularly hosted the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a>. Medieval Northampton had many churches, monasteries and the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton_(thirteenth_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Northampton (thirteenth century)">University of Northampton</a>, all enclosed by the town walls. It was granted a <a href="/wiki/Town_charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Town charter">town charter</a> by <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a> in 1189 and a mayor was appointed by <a href="/wiki/John_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="John of England">King John</a> in 1215. The town was also the site of two medieval battles, in <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1264)" title="Battle of Northampton (1264)">1264</a> and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">1460</a>. The town largely supported the Parliamentary <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Roundheads</a> during the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, which prompted <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II</a> to order the destruction of the town walls and most of the castle. The <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Northampton" title="Great Fire of Northampton">Great Fire of Northampton</a> in 1675 also destroyed much of the historic town. Northampton was soon rebuilt and grew rapidly with the industrial development of the 18th century. The town continued to expand with the arrival of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Union_Canal" title="Grand Union Canal">Grand Union Canal</a> and the railways in the 19th century, becoming a centre for footwear and leather manufacture. Growth was limited following the World Wars until it was designated a <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">New Town</a> in 1968, accelerating development which has continued into the 21st century. Northampton unsuccessfully applied for <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> four times; in 1992, 2000, 2002 and 2022.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> The earliest reference to Northampton in writing occurred in 914 under the name Ham tune.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> The prefix "North" was added later to distinguish it from other towns called Hampton, most prominently <a href="/wiki/Southampton" title="Southampton">Southampton</a>.<a href="#cite_note-visionofbritain-8">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a> (1086) records the town as Northantone, which evolved into Norhamptone by the 13th century and later Northampton by the 17th century.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ancient">Ancient</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Ancient">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Danes_Camp_Earthworks_Northampton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Danes_Camp_Earthworks_Northampton.jpg/170px-Danes_Camp_Earthworks_Northampton.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="232" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Danes_Camp_Earthworks_Northampton.jpg/255px-Danes_Camp_Earthworks_Northampton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/Danes_Camp_Earthworks_Northampton.jpg/340px-Danes_Camp_Earthworks_Northampton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2379" data-file-height="3250" /></a><figcaption>Earthworks at <a href="/wiki/Hunsbury_Hill" title="Hunsbury Hill">Hunsbury Hill</a>, which was a settlement during the <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a></figcaption></figure> Present-day Northampton is the latest in a series of settlements that began in the <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a>. Remains found in the Briar Hill district show evidence of a <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> encampment within a large circular earthwork where local farmers assembled for tribal ceremonies and seasonal events from approximately 3500 BC to 2000 BC.<a href="#cite_note-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> During the <a href="/wiki/British_Iron_Age" title="British Iron Age">British Iron Age</a>, people typically lived in protected <a href="/wiki/Hill_fort" class="mw-redirect" title="Hill fort">hill forts</a>. Present-day <a href="/wiki/Hunsbury_Hill" title="Hunsbury Hill">Hunsbury Hill</a> is an example of this settlement; a circular ditch and a bank faced with a wall of timber and enclosing an area of 160 acres (65 ha) which dates to around 400 BC.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Britain" title="Roman Britain">Roman period</a>, a small rural settlement is thought to have existed in the present-day district of <a href="/wiki/Duston" title="Duston">Duston</a>; remains of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Roman</a> <a href="/wiki/Pottery" title="Pottery">pottery</a> were found there.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> Following a <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Danish</a> invasion, the central area of the town was turned into a stronghold called a burh probably by the Anglo-Saxons. By the time of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Wedmore" class="mw-redirect" title="Peace of Wedmore">Peace of Wedmore</a> in 878 the Burgh was in possession of the Danes and became the base for one of the Danish armies.<a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[14]</a> A ditch was dug around the settlement and it was fortified with earth <a href="/wiki/Defensive_wall" title="Defensive wall">ramparts</a>.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> Having conquered <a href="/wiki/Mercia" title="Mercia">Mercia</a>, the Danes turned the settlement into a centre for military and administrative purposes, which was part of the <a href="/wiki/Danelaw" title="Danelaw">Danelaw</a>. The Danish army of Northampton however submitted to <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a>, Saxon King of <a href="/wiki/Wessex" title="Wessex">Wessex</a> (who controlled the southern and western part of the English Kingdom of Mercia) in 921<a href="#cite_note-:0-14">[14]</a> In the 9th century Regenhere of Northampton,<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> an <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglian</a> <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a> with localised <a href="/wiki/Venerate" class="mw-redirect" title="Venerate">veneration</a>, was buried in Northampton. By 918, Northampton had an <a href="/wiki/Earl" title="Earl">earl</a> and an army dependent upon it, whose territory extended to the <a href="/wiki/River_Welland" title="River Welland">River Welland</a>.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> Edward the Elder turned Northampton into the centre of one of the new shires, and it prospered as a river port and trading centre.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> In 940, it resisted the invading forces of Danish opposition in <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> when the Mercians successfully defended the town in a siege by <a href="/wiki/Scandinavian_York" title="Scandinavian York">King Olaf of York</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> but was burnt in 1010 by a Danish army, and again in 1065 by the <a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_Revolt_of_1065" title="Northumbrian Revolt of 1065">rebellious northern earls</a> <a href="/wiki/Edwin,_Earl_of_Mercia" title="Edwin, Earl of Mercia">Edwin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Morcar" title="Morcar">Morcar</a>. Despite this, the Domesday Book records Northantone as possessing 316 houses with a population of 2000 people, ranking between <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a> and <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> in size.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-visionofbritain-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Medieval">Medieval</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Medieval">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postern_Gate_of_Northampton_Castle_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Postern_Gate_of_Northampton_Castle_2013.jpg/170px-Postern_Gate_of_Northampton_Castle_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Postern_Gate_of_Northampton_Castle_2013.jpg/255px-Postern_Gate_of_Northampton_Castle_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Postern_Gate_of_Northampton_Castle_2013.jpg/340px-Postern_Gate_of_Northampton_Castle_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2788" data-file-height="4095" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Castle" title="Northampton Castle">Northampton Castle</a> was a royal residence and held the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliament of England</a>, but was eventually demolished for a <a href="/wiki/Northampton_railway_station" title="Northampton railway station">railway station</a>. A <a href="/wiki/Postern" title="Postern">postern</a>, rebuilt into a wall by the station, is all that remains.</figcaption></figure> With the <a href="/wiki/Norman_Conquest" title="Norman Conquest">Norman Conquest</a> of England in 1066, the town rose to national significance: its geographical location in the centre of England made Northampton a valuable strategical point for government and as a convenient meeting place for political, social, ecclesiastical and military events.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-histparl-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Castle" title="Northampton Castle">Northampton Castle</a> is thought to have been built by <a href="/wiki/Simon_I_de_Senlis,_Earl_of_Huntingdon-Northampton" title="Simon I de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton">Simon de Senlis</a>, who became the first <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Northampton" title="Earl of Northampton">Earl of Northampton</a>, circa 1084.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> It was originally an earth and timber <a href="/wiki/Stockade" title="Stockade">stockaded</a> construction which was later rebuilt in stone.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> The castle became an occasional royal residence from the reign of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a> in 1130 until that of King <a href="/wiki/Richard_II_of_England" title="Richard II of England">Richard II</a>.<a href="#cite_note-histparl-19">[19]</a> <a href="/wiki/John,_King_of_England" title="John, King of England">King John</a> regularly stayed at the castle and moved <a href="/wiki/HM_Treasury" title="HM Treasury">The Treasury</a> there in 1205. Some 32 <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_England" title="Parliament of England">Parliaments</a> were held there.<a href="#cite_note-21">[21]</a> The last Parliament at Northampton was held in 1380. Significant events in the castle's history include the trial of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a> in 1164, the publication of the <a href="/wiki/Assize_of_Northampton" title="Assize of Northampton">Assize of Northampton</a> in 1176, the declaration of peace with Scotland in the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Edinburgh%E2%80%93Northampton" title="Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton">Treaty of Edinburgh–Northampton</a>, the passage of the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_Northampton" title="Statute of Northampton">Statute of Northampton</a> in 1328 and the imposition of <a href="/wiki/Tax_per_head" class="mw-redirect" title="Tax per head">poll tax</a> in 1380. Royal tournaments and feasts were also held at the castle.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_II_de_Senlis,_Earl_of_Huntingdon-Northampton" title="Simon II de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton">Simon de Senlis</a> is also thought to have built the medieval town walls, which enclosed about 245 acres (99 ha) and had four main <a href="/wiki/City_gate" title="City gate">gates</a>. Though demolished now, the circular pattern of the main roads surrounding the town centre marks the original position of the walls.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> de Senlis founded the <a href="/wiki/Cluny_Abbey" title="Cluny Abbey">Cluniac</a> <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Priory,_Northampton" title="St Andrew's Priory, Northampton">Priory of St Andrew's</a> in the area of Semilong, and built <a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Sepulchre,_Northampton" title="The Holy Sepulchre, Northampton">The Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> – one of four remaining <a href="/wiki/Round_church" title="Round church">round churches</a> in England – and All Hallows' Church on the current site of <a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Northampton" title="All Saints' Church, Northampton">All Saints' Church</a>.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> His son, <a href="/wiki/Simon_II_de_Senlis,_Earl_of_Huntingdon-Northampton" title="Simon II de Senlis, Earl of Huntingdon-Northampton">Simon II de Senlis</a>, built <a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Northampton" title="St Peter's Church, Northampton">St Peter's Church</a> on a site between a former Anglo-Saxon palace and Northampton Castle.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> Simon II de Senlis also founded <a href="/wiki/Delapr%C3%A9_Abbey" title="Delapré Abbey">Delapré Abbey</a> – another Cluniac priory – which still stands today. Other priories in medieval Northampton include <a href="/wiki/St_James_Abbey,_Northampton" title="St James Abbey, Northampton">St James' Abbey</a>, Graye Friers, Blackfriars and Whitefriars. St. John's, a medieval hospital, was situated east of Bridge Street.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Northampton%27s_tunnels" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton's tunnels">network of medieval tunnels</a> remains under the centre of Northampton around All Saints' Church and the Market Square but their purpose, extent and significance have been disputed.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> The town was originally controlled by officials acting for the King who collected taxes and upheld the law. This changed on 18 November 1189 when King <a href="/wiki/Richard_I_of_England" title="Richard I of England">Richard I</a> granted the town its first charter in exchange for money to fund his crusades.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> The charter allowed the townspeople certain rights and independence in legal and administrative matters. In 1215, King John authorised the appointment of William Tilly as the town's first Mayor and ordered that "twelve of the better and more discreet [residents] of your town" join him as a council to assist him.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-NBC_Mayors-23">[23]</a> The importance of Northampton at this time is underlined by the fact that only London, <a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a> and <a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">King's Lynn</a> had mayors by this date.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> The mayor later ruled with 24 councillors and 48 freemen in a closed body until 1835.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> In 1261, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton_(13th_century)" title="University of Northampton (13th century)">medieval University of Northampton</a> was established by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> from <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">King Henry III</a>. Had it survived, it would be the <a href="/wiki/Third-oldest_university_in_England_debate" title="Third-oldest university in England debate">third oldest university founded in England</a> after <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a>. However, after members of the university sided with supporters of <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a> (who was <a href="/wiki/First_Barons%27_War" title="First Barons' War">rebelling against the King</a>) and advisors to <a href="/wiki/The_Crown" title="The Crown">The Crown</a> said that Northampton was a threat to Oxford's scholastic hegemony, Henry III dissolved the university in 1265.<a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> Markets and fairs were a key element in the town's economy in medieval times. The Market Square came to prominence in 1235 when Henry III ordered that the selling of goods in the churchyard of All Saints should be relocated to the Market Square.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> Street names in the town give an indication of trades and market centres; Corn Hill, Malt Hill, Mercer Row, Gold Street, Sheep Street and Horse Market.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> Cloth and wool were very important but these industries declined.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> In the 13th century, Northampton had a large Jewish population centred on Gold Street. In 1277 – two years after <a href="/wiki/Edward_I_of_England" title="Edward I of England">Edward I</a> passed the <a href="/wiki/Statute_of_the_Jewry" title="Statute of the Jewry">Statute of the Jewry</a> – some Jewish residents were executed while the remainder were driven out of town.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> Archaeological sites include a medieval Jewish cemetery and the <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Medieval_Synagogue" title="Northampton Medieval Synagogue">Northampton Medieval Synagogue</a>.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> The <a href="/wiki/First_Barons%27_War" title="First Barons' War">First Barons' War</a> caused significant destruction to Northampton. The barons <a href="/wiki/Siege" title="Siege">besieged</a> Northampton Castle in protest at King John's oppression of his subjects. In retaliation, royalist forces destroyed a large part of the town. When the forces of King <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a> overran the supporters of <a href="/wiki/Simon_de_Montfort,_6th_Earl_of_Leicester" title="Simon de Montfort, 6th Earl of Leicester">Simon de Montfort</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Second_Barons%27_War" title="Second Barons' War">Second Barons' War</a> broke out. The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1264)" title="Battle of Northampton (1264)">First Battle of Northampton</a> took place in 1264 at the site of Northampton Castle where King Henry III and his son Prince Edward attacked with a large army, pillaged the town and took prisoners.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> In 1349, the <a href="/wiki/Black_Death" title="Black Death">Black Death</a> pandemic killed more than half the population of Northampton. In 1377, the population was 2,200.<a href="#cite_note-histparl-19">[19]</a> The town was rapidly losing its wealth and its importance as a national centre. In 1460, the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Northampton_(1460)" title="Battle of Northampton (1460)">Second Battle of Northampton</a> took place during the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Roses" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Roses">War of the Roses</a> in the meadows between the River Nene and Delapré Abbey. The <a href="/wiki/House_of_York" title="House of York">Yorkists</a> defeated the Lancastrians and <a href="/wiki/Henry_VI_of_England" title="Henry VI of England">King Henry VI</a> was taken prisoner. In 1484, the Mayor declared that Northampton was "in great desolation and ruin". The <a href="/wiki/Dissolution_of_the_Monasteries" class="mw-redirect" title="Dissolution of the Monasteries">Dissolution of the Monasteries</a> in 1538 led to further destruction of what remained of the medieval town. Northampton was severely affected by <a href="/wiki/Plague_(disease)" title="Plague (disease)">Plague</a> between March and September 1638 when 665 people died.<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_modern">Early modern</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early modern">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Northampton,_1610,_John_Speed.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Northampton%2C_1610%2C_John_Speed.jpg/220px-Map_of_Northampton%2C_1610%2C_John_Speed.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Northampton%2C_1610%2C_John_Speed.jpg/330px-Map_of_Northampton%2C_1610%2C_John_Speed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Map_of_Northampton%2C_1610%2C_John_Speed.jpg/440px-Map_of_Northampton%2C_1610%2C_John_Speed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1774" data-file-height="1656" /></a><figcaption>Map of Northampton by <a href="/wiki/John_Speed" title="John Speed">John Speed</a> produced around 1610. Showing the <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Castle" title="Northampton Castle">castle</a> and town walls.</figcaption></figure> The royal connection to Northampton Castle became less significant, and by the time of the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, Northampton was decidedly pro-Parliament.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> Though <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Compton,_2nd_Earl_of_Northampton" title="Spencer Compton, 2nd Earl of Northampton">Spencer Compton</a>, Earl of Northampton, was a royalist (<a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Cavalier</a>) and backed King <a href="/wiki/Charles_I_of_England" title="Charles I of England">Charles I</a>, the people of Northampton supported Parliament and <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>'s republican <a href="/wiki/Roundhead" title="Roundhead">Roundhead</a> army. The town had a long history of religious dissent from the <a href="/wiki/Lollardy" title="Lollardy">Lollards</a> and <a href="/wiki/Puritan" class="mw-redirect" title="Puritan">Puritanism</a> gained a strong hold on the town. The corporation of the town, having already refused to provide troops to the King in 1632 or to pay the notorious <a href="/wiki/Ship_money" title="Ship money">ship money</a> tax in 1636, petitioned Parliament in 1642 against <a href="/wiki/Papist" class="mw-redirect" title="Papist">papists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bishop" title="Bishop">bishops</a>.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> When war broke out in 1642, the town willingly became the main Parliamentarian <a href="/wiki/Garrison" title="Garrison">garrison</a> for the south-east Midlands area with the former royal castle as its headquarters. In 1643, <a href="/wiki/Prince_Rupert_of_the_Rhine" title="Prince Rupert of the Rhine">Prince Rupert</a> attacked Northampton with approximately 2,000 men, but was beaten back at the North Gate of the town. Oliver Cromwell visited in 1645 and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fairfax,_3rd_Lord_Fairfax_of_Cameron" class="mw-redirect" title="Thomas Fairfax, 3rd Lord Fairfax of Cameron">General Fairfax</a> marched from the town to <a href="/wiki/Naseby" title="Naseby">Naseby</a>, where Charles I's Royalist army was decisively defeated.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> Over 4,000 pairs of leather shoes and 600 pairs of cavalry jack-boots for the Parliamentary armies were manufactured in Northampton during the Civil War, and a further 2,000 for Cromwell's <a href="/wiki/New_Model_Army" title="New Model Army">New Model Army</a> in 1648. Until well into the 19th century, the shoe industry boomed in and around the town with small manufacturing workshops set up in the surrounding areas.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> The War ended with a Parliamentary victory, resulting in England becoming a <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_England" title="Commonwealth of England">Commonwealth</a>, which lasted a decade. Following the <a href="/wiki/Restoration_(1660)" class="mw-redirect" title="Restoration (1660)">restoration of King Charles II</a> in 1660, he took revenge on the town by ordering the destruction of its walls and partial demolition of its castle in 1662, since it did not support his father Charles I and his cavaliers.<a href="#cite_note-castle-31">[31]</a> From then on, the castle was used as a court and a jail, but its physical condition worsened.<a href="#cite_note-castle-31">[31]</a> The new council of the town had to pay £200 to have its charter renewed and also required all officials to swear the oath of allegiance and some confirmed by the Crown.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SessionsHouse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SessionsHouse.JPG/220px-SessionsHouse.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SessionsHouse.JPG/330px-SessionsHouse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/SessionsHouse.JPG/440px-SessionsHouse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3214" data-file-height="3784" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Sessions_House,_Northampton" title="Sessions House, Northampton">Sessions House</a> was one of the first buildings built after the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Northampton" title="Great Fire of Northampton">Great Fire of Northampton</a> (1675)</figcaption></figure> The town centre was further destroyed by the <a href="/wiki/Great_Fire_of_Northampton" title="Great Fire of Northampton">Great Fire of Northampton</a> in 1675, caused by sparks from an open fire in a thatched cottage by the castle. The fire spread eastwards by strong westerly winds and consumed three-quarters of the town centre in 24 hours.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-bhistory2-32">[32]</a> Matters were worsened because most buildings were chiefly made of wood and covered with thatch.<a href="#cite_note-visionofbritain-8">[8]</a> An estimated 600 buildings were destroyed, amounting to £150,000 lost.<a href="#cite_note-bhistory2-32">[32]</a> Very little survived the fire, apart from buildings made of stone, like the Welsh House on Market Square, built in 1595, and Hazelrigg House in Mare Fair, built in 1662.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_UK_Market_Sq_2008-06-08.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Northampton_UK_Market_Sq_2008-06-08.jpg/220px-Northampton_UK_Market_Sq_2008-06-08.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Northampton_UK_Market_Sq_2008-06-08.jpg/330px-Northampton_UK_Market_Sq_2008-06-08.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Northampton_UK_Market_Sq_2008-06-08.jpg/440px-Northampton_UK_Market_Sq_2008-06-08.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>Northampton Market Square</figcaption></figure> The devastation led to an Act of Parliament for the rebuilding the town.<a href="#cite_note-visionofbritain-8">[8]</a> Local people and businesses helped to raise around £25,000 towards the rebuilding of the town centre based around the Market Square.<a href="#cite_note-bhistory2-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> Streets were widened and buildings made of brick and stone and tiled to prevent such devastation again.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> In an act of reconciliation, King Charles II donated timber from the royal forests of Salcey and Whittlebury to help with the rebuild.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> In 1678, the <a href="/wiki/Sessions_House,_Northampton" title="Sessions House, Northampton">Sessions House</a> and what is now <a href="/wiki/County_Hall,_Northampton" title="County Hall, Northampton">County Hall</a> were amongst the first buildings to be completed.<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Georgian_era" title="Georgian era">Georgian</a> town with new houses, shops and workshops eventually grew out of the old medieval town destroyed by the fire.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> In 1742<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Edward_Cave" title="Edward Cave">Edward Cave</a> opened <a href="/wiki/Marvel%27s_Mill" title="Marvel's Mill">Marvel's Mill</a>, the world's first <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton mill</a> to be driven by a <a href="/wiki/Water_wheel" title="Water wheel">water wheel</a>, on the River Nene.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> A permanent military presence was established in the town with the completion of <a href="/wiki/Gibraltar_Barracks,_Northampton" title="Gibraltar Barracks, Northampton">Gibraltar Barracks</a> in 1797.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> By the end of the 18th century, Northampton had become a major centre of footwear and leather manufacture. In 1801, the population was 7,020; it more than doubled to 15,351 in 1831, attributed to the fact that there was great demand for footwear caused by the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a> of the late 18th and early 19th centuries.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> A third of the adult males alone were shoemakers at the time.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> Northampton grew beyond the old town walls and industry grew rapidly with the mechanisation of factories by the middle of the 19th century.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cole-roper_northampton_1810.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cole-roper_northampton_1810.jpg/220px-Cole-roper_northampton_1810.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="289" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cole-roper_northampton_1810.jpg/330px-Cole-roper_northampton_1810.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Cole-roper_northampton_1810.jpg/440px-Cole-roper_northampton_1810.jpg 2x" data-file-width="563" data-file-height="740" /></a><figcaption>A map of Northampton in 1810</figcaption></figure> The Nene Navigation Company had previously made the River Nene navigable from King's Lynn as far up as Northampton in 1762, allowing cheap transportation of coal and other goods to the town, but in 1815, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Union_Canal" title="Grand Union Canal">Grand Union Canal</a> reached the town, joining the River Nene, giving the town a direct link to the Midlands coalfields and to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and London.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> The first railway to be built into Northampton was the <a href="/wiki/Northampton_and_Peterborough_Railway" title="Northampton and Peterborough Railway">Northampton and Peterborough Railway</a>, a branch from the main <a href="/wiki/London_and_Birmingham_Railway" title="London and Birmingham Railway">London and Birmingham Railway</a> from <a href="/wiki/Blisworth" title="Blisworth">Blisworth</a> to <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a> through Northampton which opened in 1845 along with the town's first railway station, <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Bridge_Street_railway_station" title="Northampton Bridge Street railway station">Bridge Street station</a>. This was followed by the opening of Castle station in 1859 on the site of part of the historic Northampton Castle,<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeleux198454-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2009295-42">[42]</a> and later <a href="/wiki/Northampton_St._John%27s_Street_railway_station" title="Northampton St. John's Street railway station">St. John's Street station</a> in 1872. The <a href="/wiki/Northampton_loop" title="Northampton loop">Northampton loop</a> of the <a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Main_Line" title="West Coast Main Line">West Coast Main Line</a> was built in the late 1870s. Castle station was rebuilt and expanded over the site of Northampton Castle, the remains of which were purchased and demolished in 1880 to make way for the <a href="/wiki/Goods_shed" title="Goods shed">goods shed</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeleux198456-43">[43]</a> Bridge Street Station closed in 1964 and St John's Street closed in 1939,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEButt1995173-44">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> leaving only Castle station serving the town.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKingscott200870-47">[47]</a> It is now known simply as <a href="/wiki/Northampton_railway_station" title="Northampton railway station">Northampton railway station</a>. Tram lines were also laid down in the town in 1881 and electrified in 1903.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> An early omnibus service ran to Wellingborough, and since 1919 motor omnibus services ran to villages around the town which brought buyers and sellers to the market.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> There were iron ore quarries in the countryside around the town during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries which have left their mark on the landscape. Some of the quarries were in what is now the town area in an arc from Kingsthorpe through Duston and Hunsbury round to Hardingstone beginning in about 1860. Some have now been built over and not all lasted very long. The town area quarries that lasted the longest and closed last were at Hunsbury which began working in 1877 and closed in 1920. There are remains of some of these quarries at Hunsbury Hill. There was an iron works by the river to the west of the town next to the railway that then operated between Northampton and Blisworth. This was called the Hunsbury Ironworks and operated between about 1874 and January 1921 using ore from these quarries and elsewhere.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Contemporary">Contemporary</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Contemporary">edit</a>]</div> Following <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, the shoe industry was increasingly in decline, despite the town's factories supplying over 23 million pairs of boots to the armed forces.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> A total of 1,700 men from the town were lost of the 6,000 killed from the <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Regiment" title="Northamptonshire Regiment">Northamptonshire Regiment</a>.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> The town expanded further during the 1920s and saw the erection of <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Power_Station" title="Northampton Power Station">Northampton Power Station</a>, which supplied electricity to areas as far away as <a href="/wiki/Wolverton" title="Wolverton">Wolverton</a>, until its closure in 1975. Much council housing was also built largely to the east, north and south of the town, including <a href="/wiki/Abington,_Northamptonshire" title="Abington, Northamptonshire">Abington</a>, <a href="/wiki/Far_Cotton" title="Far Cotton">Far Cotton</a>, Kingsley, <a href="/wiki/Kingsthorpe" title="Kingsthorpe">Kingsthorpe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dallington,_Northamptonshire" title="Dallington, Northamptonshire">Dallington</a> – areas which had been incorporated within the borough's boundaries in 1901.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> However, the population growth slowed down as people moved beyond its boundaries. In 1901, the population had expanded to 90,923; in 1931, the population was 92,341.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:NptonPop.GIF" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/NptonPop.GIF" decoding="async" width="253" height="225" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="253" data-file-height="225" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> After <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>, Northampton vastly changed. In 1959, the <a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1 motorway</a> was opened to the south-west of the town; in 1968, Northampton was designated a <a href="/wiki/New_towns_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="New towns in the United Kingdom">New Town</a>. Both these events and the rail link helped Northampton's growth as a <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter town</a> for London.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> The Northampton Development Corporation (NDC) was set up in 1968 to substantially redevelop the town in partnership with the local council, spending £205 million to build new housing and industrial estates, initially in Lumbertubs, Moulton Park and Round Spinney to the east, followed by Briar Hill, Camp Hill and East and <a href="/wiki/West_Hunsbury" title="West Hunsbury">West Hunsbury</a> in the south of the town, mainly to accommodate the overflow population of new residents from the London area.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-bbcndc-49">[49]</a> In the town centre, older buildings were demolished and replaced or redeveloped for other buildings, including the former <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Greyfriars_bus_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton Greyfriars bus station">Greyfriars bus station</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Centre" title="Grosvenor Centre">Grosvenor Centre</a>, Peacock Place (now Market Walk), shops, flats and hotels.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> Although growth was slower than planned, the population grew from 105,421 in 1961 to 157,217 by 1981,<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> with 15,655 new homes added to the town between 1970 and 1985.<a href="#cite_note-bbcndc-49">[49]</a> The borough boundaries also changed following a split of the <a href="/wiki/Northampton_parliamentary_constituency" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton parliamentary constituency">Northampton parliamentary constituency</a> into <a href="/wiki/Northampton_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton North (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northampton_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton South (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton South</a> in 1974. Northampton was reconstituted as a <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_district" title="Non-metropolitan district">non-metropolitan district</a> which also covered areas outside the former borough boundaries but inside the designated New Town. The town tried for <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary status</a> during the <a href="/wiki/1990s_UK_local_government_reform" class="mw-redirect" title="1990s UK local government reform">1990s UK local government reform</a>, but failed and it remained a non-metropolitan district until its abolition in 2021. On <a href="/wiki/Good_Friday" title="Good Friday">Good Friday</a> 1998, Northampton suffered severe flooding, particularly in the areas of Far Cotton and St James; two people were killed and thousands of homes were affected. Since the turn of the Millennium, the town has continued to expand. Northampton applied for <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> in 2000 to celebrate the new millennium, in 2002 to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Golden_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Golden Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a> and most recently in 2022 to celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Platinum_Jubilee_of_Elizabeth_II" title="Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II">Platinum Jubilee of Elizabeth II</a>, but failed on all three occasions and remains a town.<a href="#cite_note-MillenniumLeakAngers-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-MillenniumWinnersNamed-51">[51]</a><a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> In 2006, Northampton became a government expansion zone with new growth promoted by <a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire_Development_Corporation" title="West Northamptonshire Development Corporation">West Northamptonshire Development Corporation</a> (WNDC), an unelected <a href="/wiki/Quango" title="Quango">quango</a>, which has provoked a series of regeneration schemes across the town. Some have been completed, including the opening of the <a href="/wiki/Radlands_(skatepark)" title="Radlands (skatepark)">Radlands</a> Plaza Skatepark and the development of Becket's Park Marina just south of Northampton's town centre, as well as the improvement of the town's Market Square, the building of the new North Gate bus station, the rebuilding of the railway station, the designation of a Cultural Quarter, the building of a new Council headquarters, the restoration of Delapré Abbey, the expansion of <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton Museum">Northampton Museum</a>, the resiting and rebuilding of the university on one new campus in town centre and the renovation of both the Grosvenor Shopping Centre and Weston Favell Centre.<a href="#cite_note-WNDC-53">[53]</a> In 2015, St Giles Street in the town centre was named the "Best British High Street" in a national competition run by the <a href="/wiki/Department_for_Communities_and_Local_Government" class="mw-redirect" title="Department for Communities and Local Government">Department for Communities and Local Government</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Administration">Administration</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Administration">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Charles_Bradlaugh_Statue_Northampton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Charles_Bradlaugh_Statue_Northampton.jpg/180px-Charles_Bradlaugh_Statue_Northampton.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="268" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Charles_Bradlaugh_Statue_Northampton.jpg/270px-Charles_Bradlaugh_Statue_Northampton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Charles_Bradlaugh_Statue_Northampton.jpg/360px-Charles_Bradlaugh_Statue_Northampton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="2140" /></a><figcaption>Statue of the Northampton MP <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bradlaugh" title="Charles Bradlaugh">Charles Bradlaugh</a> in the town.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information on politics in Northampton: <a href="/wiki/Northampton_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton North (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton North (UK Parliament constituency)</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northampton_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton South (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton South (UK Parliament constituency)</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Northampton_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton</a> was inaugurated as a constituency in 1295; for many centuries it returned two <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Members of Parliament</a> (MPs) to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_England" title="House of Commons of England">House of Commons</a>. <a href="/wiki/Spencer_Perceval" title="Spencer Perceval">Spencer Perceval</a> was elected as one of these in 1796 and became <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> in 1809, the only Solicitor General and only Attorney General to have done so, but also the only Prime Minister to be assassinated. The murder was by a highly disgruntled business owner <a href="/wiki/John_Bellingham" title="John Bellingham">John Bellingham</a> in the House of Commons lobby in 1812. By the late 19th century, Northampton had acquired a reputation for political <a href="/wiki/Vanguardism" title="Vanguardism">vanguardism</a>. In 1880, radical non-conformist <a href="/wiki/Charles_Bradlaugh" title="Charles Bradlaugh">Charles Bradlaugh</a> was elected as one of the MPs. During one of his election cross-candidate hustings a riot broke out in the Market Square. Local figures of authority called military to disperse it. For some decades following the <a href="/wiki/1918_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1918 United Kingdom general election">1918 general election</a>, representation was reduced to one MP. In 1974, the original Northampton seat was replaced by the new constituencies of <a href="/wiki/Northampton_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton North (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton North</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northampton_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton South (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton South</a>, which both elected one MP each, beginning in the <a href="/wiki/February_1974_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="February 1974 United Kingdom general election">February 1974 general election</a>. For the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">2010 general election</a>, the new <a href="/wiki/South_Northamptonshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Northamptonshire (UK Parliament constituency)">South Northamptonshire</a> constituency took a southern sector of the borough. The southern sectors transferred to Northampton South for the <a href="/wiki/2024_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2024 United Kingdom general election">2024 general election</a>. Northampton is currently represented by two Labour MPs: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lucy_Rigby" title="Lucy Rigby">Lucy Rigby</a> (Northampton North)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Reader" title="Mike Reader">Mike Reader</a> (Northampton South)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Local government">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Northampton_UK_locator_map.svg/220px-Northampton_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Northampton_UK_locator_map.svg/330px-Northampton_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Northampton_UK_locator_map.svg/440px-Northampton_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1106" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption>The borough from 1974 to 2021</figcaption></figure> The town existed as an <a href="/wiki/Ancient_borough" title="Ancient borough">ancient borough</a> in the medieval period before being one of the 178 boroughs to be reformed under the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act</a> in 1835, with a democratically elected council replacing the corporation before it.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> Town government alternated between the <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Party_(UK)" title="Liberal Party (UK)">Liberals</a> and Conservatives, and the town achieved independence from Northamptonshire in 1888 when it became a <a href="/wiki/County_borough" title="County borough">county borough</a>.<a href="#cite_note-andrewmartin-20">[20]</a> It had 6 electoral wards from 1898, 9 wards from 1900 and 12 wards from 1911.<a href="#cite_note-britishhistory-7">[7]</a> From 1931 until it was abolished in 1974 the district contained only the parish of Northampton.<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> On 1 April 1974 the district and parish were abolished and became part of Northampton district in the <a href="/wiki/Non-metropolitan_county" title="Non-metropolitan county">non-metropolitan county</a> of Northamptonshire. The new Northampton district was formed from: <ul><li>The County Borough of Northampton</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Rural_District" title="Northampton Rural District">Northampton Rural District</a> the parishes of Billing and Hardingstone and the parts of the parishes of <a href="/wiki/Brafield-on-the-Green" title="Brafield-on-the-Green">Brafield-on-the-Green</a>, Collingtree, <a href="/wiki/Courteenhall" title="Courteenhall">Courteenhall</a>, Great Houghton, Kislingbury, <a href="/wiki/Little_Houghton,_Northamptonshire" title="Little Houghton, Northamptonshire">Little Houghton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton_Malsor" title="Milton Malsor">Milton Malsor</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rothersthorpe" title="Rothersthorpe">Rothersthorpe</a>, Upton and Wootton in the designated area of Northampton New Town</li> <li>In <a href="/wiki/Brixworth_Rural_District" title="Brixworth Rural District">Brixworth Rural District</a> the part of the parish of <a href="/wiki/Overstone,_Northamptonshire" title="Overstone, Northamptonshire">Overstone</a> in the designated new town</li> <li>In <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wellingborough_Rural_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wellingborough Rural District (page does not exist)">Wellingborough Rural District</a> the part of the parish of <a href="/wiki/Ecton,_Northamptonshire" title="Ecton, Northamptonshire">Ecton</a> in the designated new town<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a></li></ul> No <a href="/wiki/Successor_parish" title="Successor parish">successor parish</a> was formed so the former county borough became <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished</a>.<a href="#cite_note-57">[57]</a> The new district was granted modern <a href="/wiki/Borough_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Borough status in the United Kingdom">borough status</a> in 1974.<a href="#cite_note-58">[58]</a><a href="#cite_note-guide-59">[59]</a> From 1974 until 2021, the town had a two-tier structure of local government: the non-metropolitan district of Northampton was administered by both <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Borough_Council" title="Northampton Borough Council">Northampton Borough Council</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_County_Council" title="Northamptonshire County Council">Northamptonshire County Council</a>. Propositions for the borough to become a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authorities_of_England" title="Unitary authorities of England">unitary authority</a> failed during the 1990s local government reform and again, in 2011, when the motion was voted down by the council.<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-61">[61]</a> However, in 2016, the borough council and all seven Northamptonshire MPs called for the existing eight Northamptonshire councils be scrapped for new unitary authorities.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-63">[63]</a> In March 2018, following <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire#De_facto_bankruptcy" title="Northamptonshire">suspension of the County Council arising from its becoming insolvent</a>, due to financial and cultural mismanagement by the cabinet and officers, the then Secretary of State for Local Government, <a href="/wiki/Sajid_Javid" title="Sajid Javid">Sajid Javid</a>, sent commissioner Max Caller into the council, who recommended the county council and all district and borough councils in the county be abolished, and replaced by two unitary authorities, one covering the West, and one the North of the county.<a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> These proposals were approved in April 2019. It meant that the districts of <a href="/wiki/Daventry_District" title="Daventry District">Daventry</a>, Northampton and <a href="/wiki/South_Northamptonshire" title="South Northamptonshire">South Northamptonshire</a> were merged to form a new unitary authority called <a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a>, whilst the second unitary authority <a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a> consists of <a href="/wiki/Corby_(borough)" class="mw-redirect" title="Corby (borough)">Corby</a>, <a href="/wiki/East_Northamptonshire" title="East Northamptonshire">East Northamptonshire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Kettering" title="Borough of Kettering">Kettering</a> and <a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Wellingborough" title="Borough of Wellingborough">Wellingborough</a> districts. These new authorities came into being on 1 April 2021.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> Elections for the new authorities were due to be held on 7 May 2020, but these were delayed due to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic" title="COVID-19 pandemic">COVID-19 pandemic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-66">[66]</a> and took place in May 2021. A year prior to these changes, three new <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parishes</a> were created in Northampton's urban area: a large parish covering the majority of the Northampton urban area was created, allowing Northampton to have a <a href="/wiki/Parish_councils_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish councils in England">Town (parish) Council</a>. <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Town_Council" title="Northampton Town Council">Northampton Town Council</a> is the largest parish level authority in England. In addition, two smaller parishes were created for the suburbs of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Far_Cotton_%26_Delapre&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Far Cotton & Delapre (page does not exist)">Far Cotton & Delapre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kingsthorpe" title="Kingsthorpe">Kingsthorpe</a>.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> <a href="/wiki/Policing_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Policing in the United Kingdom">Policing</a> in the town remains the responsibility of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Police" title="Northamptonshire Police">Northamptonshire Police</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Fire_service_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire service in the United Kingdom">firefighting</a>, the responsibility of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Northamptonshire Fire and Rescue Service">Northamptonshire Fire and Rescue Service</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Anglian_Regiment" title="Royal Anglian Regiment">Royal Anglian Regiment</a> serves as the county regiment for Northamptonshire, with former county regiments being the <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Regiment" title="Northamptonshire Regiment">Northamptonshire Regiment</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_Yeomanry" title="Northamptonshire Yeomanry">Northamptonshire Yeomanry</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Civil_parishes">Civil parishes</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Civil parishes">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_unparished_area_UK_locator_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Northampton_unparished_area_UK_locator_map.svg/220px-Northampton_unparished_area_UK_locator_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Northampton_unparished_area_UK_locator_map.svg/330px-Northampton_unparished_area_UK_locator_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9b/Northampton_unparished_area_UK_locator_map.svg/440px-Northampton_unparished_area_UK_locator_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="1266" /></a><figcaption>The unparished area prior to the 3 new parishes being created in 2020</figcaption></figure> The Northampton urban area is covered by 13 <a href="/wiki/Civil_parish" title="Civil parish">civil parishes</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Parish_council_(England)" title="Parish council (England)">parish councils</a> of these form a local tier of government below West Northamptonshire Council. The largest by far of these is the area covered by <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Town_Council" title="Northampton Town Council">Northampton Town Council</a>, which was created in 2020, ten more, covering several outer suburbs were pre-existing, and two (Kingsthorpe and Far Cotton and Delapre) were created concurrently with the town council, these are:<a href="#cite_note-PCB-68">[68]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billing,_Northamptonshire" title="Billing, Northamptonshire">Billing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duston" title="Duston">Duston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collingtree" title="Collingtree">Collingtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hunsbury" title="East Hunsbury">East Hunsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Cotton" title="Far Cotton">Far Cotton and Delapre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Houghton,_Northamptonshire" title="Great Houghton, Northamptonshire">Great Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardingstone" title="Hardingstone">Hardingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunsbury_Meadows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunsbury Meadows (page does not exist)">Hunsbury Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsthorpe" title="Kingsthorpe">Kingsthorpe</a></li> <li>Northampton (parish)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton,_Northamptonshire" title="Upton, Northamptonshire">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hunsbury" title="West Hunsbury">West Hunsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wootton,_Northamptonshire" title="Wootton, Northamptonshire">Wootton, Wootton Fields and Simpson Manor</a></li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_services">Health services</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Health services">edit</a>]</div> NHS Northampton guides primary care services (general practitioners, dentists, opticians and pharmacists) in the town, directly provides adult social care and services in the community such as <a href="/wiki/Health_visitor" title="Health visitor">health visiting</a> and <a href="/wiki/Physiotherapy" class="mw-redirect" title="Physiotherapy">physiotherapy</a> and also funds hospital care and other specialist treatments. <a href="/wiki/Northampton_General_Hospital" title="Northampton General Hospital">Northampton General Hospital</a> is an <a href="/wiki/NHS_trust" title="NHS trust">NHS trust</a> hospital which founded in 1744 and moved to its present site in 1793, and has continued to provide healthcare to the local community for more than 200 years. The <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Ambulance_Service" title="East Midlands Ambulance Service">East Midlands Ambulance Service</a> NHS Trust is responsible for the provision of statutory <a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">emergency medical services</a> in Northampton. <a href="/wiki/St_Andrew%27s_Hospital" title="St Andrew's Hospital">St Andrew's Hospital</a>, the flagship mental health facility of the private company St Andrew's Healthcare, is also based in Northampton. Originally opened in 1838<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> to serve Northampton, St Andrew's became a charity and private healthcare provider when the Berrywood Asylum (later the Northampton County Lunatic Asylum, then St Crispin Hospital in 1948, and since 2010 Berrywood Hospital) opened in 1876. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> Northampton is formally in the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> region but is also referred to in Government planning as being part of the <a href="/wiki/South_Midlands" title="South Midlands">South Midlands</a> "growth area". The town is 30 miles (48 km) south-southeast of <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, 16 miles (26 km) north-northwest of <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, 43 miles (69 km) west of <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a>, 37 miles (60 km) northeast of <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a> and 37 miles (60 km) southwest of <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Areas_and_suburbs">Areas and suburbs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Areas and suburbs">edit</a>]</div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_from_OpenStreetMap.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Northampton_from_OpenStreetMap.png/300px-Northampton_from_OpenStreetMap.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Northampton_from_OpenStreetMap.png/450px-Northampton_from_OpenStreetMap.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b3/Northampton_from_OpenStreetMap.png 2x" data-file-width="526" data-file-height="466" /></a><figcaption>Map of the town suburbs</figcaption></figure> Northampton is subdivided into suburbs, <a href="/wiki/Wards_and_electoral_divisions_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Wards and electoral divisions of the United Kingdom">council wards</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_Parliament_constituencies" class="mw-redirect" title="List of United Kingdom Parliament constituencies">constituencies</a>, ecclesiastical <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parishes</a>, and other less formal areas. Suburbs and districts of Northampton include: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 15em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abington_Vale" title="Abington Vale">Abington Vale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abington,_Northamptonshire" title="Abington, Northamptonshire">Abington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billing,_Northamptonshire" title="Billing, Northamptonshire">Billing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blacky_More" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacky More">Blacky More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brackmills" class="mw-redirect" title="Brackmills">Brackmills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collingtree" title="Collingtree">Collingtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collingtree_Park" title="Collingtree Park">Collingtree Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_End,_Northampton" title="Cotton End, Northampton">Cotton End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Quarter,_Northampton" title="Cultural Quarter, Northampton">Cultural Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallington,_Northamptonshire" title="Dallington, Northamptonshire">Dallington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duston" title="Duston">Duston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hunsbury" title="East Hunsbury">East Hunsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Cotton" title="Far Cotton">Far Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grange_Park,_Northamptonshire" title="Grange Park, Northamptonshire">Grange Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Houghton,_Northamptonshire" title="Great Houghton, Northamptonshire">Great Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardingstone" title="Hardingstone">Hardingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunsbury_Meadows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunsbury Meadows (page does not exist)">Hunsbury Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=King%27s_Heath,_Northampton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="King's Heath, Northampton (page does not exist)"> King's Heath</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kingsley,_Northampton&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kingsley, Northampton (page does not exist)">Kingsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsthorpe" title="Kingsthorpe">Kingsthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hunsbury" title="East Hunsbury">Merefield</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Duston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Duston (page does not exist)">New Duston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park,_Northampton" title="Queen's Park, Northampton">Queen's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Spinney" title="Round Spinney">Round Spinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelfleys" class="mw-redirect" title="Shelfleys">Shelfleys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixfields" title="Sixfields">Sixfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinney_Hill" title="Spinney Hill">Spinney Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James_End,_Northampton" title="St. James End, Northampton">St. James End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton,_Northamptonshire" title="Upton, Northamptonshire">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hunsbury" title="West Hunsbury">West Hunsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston_Favell" title="Weston Favell">Weston Favell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Hills,_Northamptonshire" title="White Hills, Northamptonshire">White Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wootton,_Northamptonshire" title="Wootton, Northamptonshire">Wootton</a></li></ul></div> Concurrent with the abolition of the borough of Northampton in 2021, the <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished area</a> of Northampton became parished with three new parish councils being established: A new Town Council covering the majority of the urban area of Northampton was established, whilst the areas of Kingsthorpe, and Far Cotton and Delapré also gained parish councils.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a> In addition, there are nine registered <a href="/wiki/Parish_councils_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Parish councils in England">parish councils</a> which predate the abolition of the borough of Northampton. These are Billing, Collingtree, Duston, Great Houghton, Hardingstone, Hunsbury Meadow, Upton, West Hunsbury and Wootton & East Hunsbury.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a> Other settlements that the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> considers part of the Northampton urban area include Boughton, Ecton, Moulton, Overstone and Rothersthorpe.<a href="#cite_note-Nomis2011-72">[72]</a> At the 2011 census, Harpole, Cogenhoe, Grange Park, Little and Great Houghton, Overstone and Sywell were just outside the Northampton built up area;<a href="#cite_note-Nomis2011-72">[72]</a> this may change when the 2021 boundaries are released. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Compass">Compass</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Compass">edit</a>]</div> Northampton's nearest towns are <a href="/wiki/Wellingborough" title="Wellingborough">Wellingborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daventry" title="Daventry">Daventry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Towcester" title="Towcester">Towcester</a>. The nearest cities are <a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a>. <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Destinations_from_Northampton" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Destinations_from_Northampton" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Destinations from Northampton</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Birmingham" title="Birmingham">Birmingham</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coventry" title="Coventry">Coventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a> <a href="/wiki/Loughborough" title="Loughborough">Loughborough</a> <a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a> <a href="/wiki/Market_Harborough" title="Market Harborough">Market Harborough</a>,</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Kettering" title="Kettering">Kettering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Corby" title="Corby">Corby</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Worcester,_England" title="Worcester, England">Worcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stratford-upon-Avon" title="Stratford-upon-Avon">Stratford-upon-Avon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Warwick" title="Warwick">Warwick</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daventry" title="Daventry">Daventry</a>, <a href="/wiki/Long_Buckby" title="Long Buckby">Long Buckby</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" />Northampton<img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Earls_Barton" title="Earls Barton">Earls Barton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wellingborough" title="Wellingborough">Wellingborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rushden" title="Rushden">Rushden</a> <a href="/wiki/Cambridge" title="Cambridge">Cambridge</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Towcester" title="Towcester">Towcester</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brackley" title="Brackley">Brackley</a>, <a href="/wiki/Banbury" title="Banbury">Banbury</a> <a href="/wiki/Oxford" title="Oxford">Oxford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Aylesbury" title="Aylesbury">Aylesbury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Milton_Keynes" title="Milton Keynes">Milton Keynes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dunstable" title="Dunstable">Dunstable</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luton" title="Luton">Luton</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> As with the rest of the British Isles, Northampton experiences an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> with cool summers and mild winters. The official <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a> weather station for Northampton is the <a href="/wiki/Moulton_Park" title="Moulton Park">Moulton Park</a> Weather Station at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton" title="University of Northampton">University of Northampton</a>. Situated at an elevation of around 130 m (427 ft) <a href="/wiki/Above_mean_sea_level" class="mw-redirect" title="Above mean sea level">above sea level</a> compared to Northampton town centre at 50 to 60 m (164 to 197 ft), it is one of the highest points in the town, and so may not be a perfect representation of Northampton as a whole. Its hilltop location means less pooling of cold air on calm clear nights, and lower maxima during summer. The absolute maximum recorded is 34.7 °C (94.5 °F)<a href="#cite_note-northampton1-73">[73]</a> on 3 August 1990. A high of 34.4 °C (93.9 °F)<a href="#cite_note-74">[74]</a> was recorded on 19 July 2006, However, a maximum temperature of 40.2 °C (104.4 °F) was recorded on 19 July 2022 at <a href="/wiki/Pitsford" title="Pitsford">Pitsford</a>, located 4.4 miles (7.1 km) from the town centre.<a href="#cite_note-75">[75]</a> The absolute minimum is −16.8 °C (1.8 °F),<a href="#cite_note-northampton1-73">[73]</a> recorded during February 1986. It is likely the absolute maximum in the town centre is a degree or so higher owing to the lower elevation, and absolute minimum on the eastern and western edges of the urban area around the Nene valley a couple of degrees colder due to katabatic drainage of cold air allowing a frost hollow effect. Most recently, the temperature fell to −9.6 °C (14.7 °F)<a href="#cite_note-76">[76]</a> on 20 December 2010. Rainfall, at around 650 mm (26 in) per year is not high, though is often unpredictable, giving rise to flooding events such as 1998, but also short term droughts. Desborough Weather Station also supplies the public with a local weather service. <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Northampton (<a href="/wiki/Moulton_Park" title="Moulton Park">Moulton Park</a>),<a href="#cite_note-77">[a]</a> elevation: 127 m (417 ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1976–present<a href="#cite_note-78">[b]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9 (64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF8205; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.6 (72.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.5 (79.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28.0 (82.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF4000; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.1 (89.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">40.2 (104.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF2E00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34.7 (94.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF4D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">30.3 (86.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF5D00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.9 (82.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.5 (63.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB368; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.4 (59.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF0800; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">40.2 (104.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE8D1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.8 (46.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 (50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC082; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.5 (56.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFAB58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.6 (61.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.6 (67.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF850C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.1 (71.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">21.7 (71.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18.7 (65.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFBC7A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.1 (57.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 (39.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6 (43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 (47.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFCB97; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.0 (53.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.9 (58.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA74F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.2 (63.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFA954; color:#000000;" class="notheme">16.9 (62.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA76; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.4 (57.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFD2A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.9 (51.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1 (44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7AF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.3 (50.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 (34.9) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.9 (37.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFFDFC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.7 (40.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.3 (45.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD7B0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.2 (50.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFC993; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.3 (54.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFC994; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.2 (54.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1 (50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4 (45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2 (39.6) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 (35.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E4; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.4 (43.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #8E8EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.4 (2.5) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−16.8 (1.8) </td> <td style="background: #BFBFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−7.3 (18.9) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−5.8 (21.6) </td> <td style="background: #DDDDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−1.8 (28.8) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.0 (33.8) </td> <td style="background: #FEFEFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.4 (39.9) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.0 (39.2) </td> <td style="background: #F0F0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8 (35.2) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−3.9 (25.0) </td> <td style="background: #C2C2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−6.7 (19.9) </td> <td style="background: #A4A4FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">−12.2 (10.0) </td> <td style="background: #8C8CFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">−16.8 (1.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #ABFFAB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">56.2 (2.21) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.6 (1.76) </td> <td style="background: #C2FFC2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.4 (1.59) </td> <td style="background: #B6FFB6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">46.9 (1.85) </td> <td style="background: #AFFFAF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">53.6 (2.11) </td> <td style="background: #AEFFAE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.2 (2.06) </td> <td style="background: #B1FFB1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.7 (2.04) </td> <td style="background: #A6FFA6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">59.6 (2.35) </td> <td style="background: #A9FFA9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.7 (2.19) </td> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.7 (2.63) </td> <td style="background: #A0FFA0; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.6 (2.43) </td> <td style="background: #A5FFA5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.1 (2.37) </td> <td style="background: #ACFFAC; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">649.2 (25.56) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days (≥ 1.0 mm) </th> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #7878FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #9797FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #8585FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.5 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #8989FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.2 </td> <td style="background: #9494FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.6 </td> <td style="background: #8F8FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.0 </td> <td style="background: #8D8DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.9 </td> <td style="background: #7E7EFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4 </td> <td style="background: #6C6CFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.5 </td> <td style="background: #7272FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.4 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">118.0 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #656565; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">55.3 </td> <td style="background: #A1A1A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.5 </td> <td style="background: #B4B46C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">115.6 </td> <td style="background: #C9C900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">157.5 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">197.0 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">175.0 </td> <td style="background: #D7D700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">198.3 </td> <td style="background: #D2D200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">181.0 </td> <td style="background: #BFBF27; color:#000000;" class="notheme">135.9 </td> <td style="background: #B0B085; color:#000000;" class="notheme">106.2 </td> <td style="background: #797979; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">64.3 </td> <td style="background: #616161; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">53.6 </td> <td style="background: #BABA47; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,520 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: <a href="/wiki/Met_Office" title="Met Office">Met Office</a><a href="#cite_note-Met_Averages-79">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: Starlings Roost Weather<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> Pitsford Weather Centre<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> Weather station is located 2.6 miles (4.2 km) from the Northampton town centre. </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> Extreme temperature were recorded at Moulton Park (1976–2018) and at Pitsford (2006–present). </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Demography">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_(UK)_population_pyramid.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Northampton_%28UK%29_population_pyramid.svg/220px-Northampton_%28UK%29_population_pyramid.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Northampton_%28UK%29_population_pyramid.svg/330px-Northampton_%28UK%29_population_pyramid.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Northampton_%28UK%29_population_pyramid.svg/440px-Northampton_%28UK%29_population_pyramid.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="3190" data-file-height="2540" /></a><figcaption>Northampton (local authority boundaries) population pyramid in 2021</figcaption></figure> The town's population recorded at each <a href="/wiki/Census_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Census in the United Kingdom">census</a> since 1801 was as follows:<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a><a href="#cite_note-2011census-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align:left"> <caption>Population of Northampton (local authority) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year</th> <th>Population </th></tr> <tr> <td>1801</td> <td>7,020 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1811</td> <td>8,427 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1821</td> <td>10,793 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1831</td> <td>15,351 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1841</td> <td>21,242 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1851</td> <td>26,657 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1861</td> <td>32,813 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1871</td> <td>41,168 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1881</td> <td>51,881 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1891</td> <td>61,012 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1901</td> <td>87,021 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1911</td> <td>90,064 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1921</td> <td>90,895 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1931</td> <td>92,341 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1941</td> <td>No census </td></tr> <tr> <td>1951</td> <td>104,432 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td>105,421 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td>133,800 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1981</td> <td>157,217 </td></tr> <tr> <td>1991</td> <td>180,617 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2001</td> <td>194,458 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2011</td> <td>212,069 </td></tr> <tr> <td>2021</td> <td>238,654 </td></tr></tbody></table>Since 1991, the population of the town has increased 17.41% from 180,617 to 212,069 in 2011, with a mean age in 2011 of 37.1 years, younger than the English average of 39.3 years.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-85">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> The population breaks down into 104,168 males, and 107,901 females, with a population density of 2,630 per km2.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-85">[83]</a> At the 2011 census, there were 91,484 dwellings, 88,731 of which are occupied households. Some 30.5% (27,048) of these were one person households, 61.1% (54,125) contained families, and 8.5% (7,558) fell into the other household type category. Home tenure was reported as 37.5% of 88,731 households mortgaged, 25.1% owned outright, 16.5% privately rented, 12.8% rented from council, 4.3% social rented, 1.3% private (other) rented, 1.3% shared ownership and 1.2% rent free.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-85">[83]</a> 75.6% of households had at least one car or van, 22.5% of residents over the age of 16 had no formal qualifications, and 15.8% have at least 5 GCSEs of grade C or above.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-85">[83]</a> The median income for all workers (in 2012) was £21,193, slightly below both the county average of £21,560, and the England average of £21,794.<a href="#cite_note-88">[86]</a> Between 2001 and 2011, the greatest nominal population increase was in the White, Other group from 3,780 to 13,825 – an increase of 10,045 – likely due to migration from Eastern Europe. The largest growth relative to their 2001 numbers was in the Black, African group, recording a 376% increase from 1,361 to 6,473. The largest nominal fall in population was in respondents reporting as White, British, there being 8,146 fewer such residents in 2011 than 10 years previous. The largest fall relative to their 2001 numbers was in the White, Irish group, their count falling 20.3% from 3,838 down to 3,060. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnicity">Ethnicity</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Ethnicity">edit</a>]</div> In the 2011 census, Northampton was 84.5% White, 6.5% Asian, 5.1% Black, and 3.2% Mixed/multiple.<a href="#cite_note-2011census-85">[83]</a> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Ethnic Group </th> <th colspan="10">Year (local authority boundaries) </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">1981 estimations<a href="#cite_note-89">[87]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">1991<a href="#cite_note-:412-90">[88]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2001<a href="#cite_note-91">[89]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<a href="#cite_note-:36-92">[90]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<a href="#cite_note-93">[91]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/White_people_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="White people in the United Kingdom">White</a>: Total </th> <th>145,364 </th> <th>95.2% </th> <th>169,864 </th> <th>94.1% </th> <th>178,117 </th> <th>91.6% </th> <th>179,238 </th> <th>84.5% </th> <th>188,900 </th> <th>79.2% </th></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_British" title="White British">British</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>170,499 </td> <td>87.7% </td> <td>162,353 </td> <td>76.6% </td> <td>152,516 </td> <td>63.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Irish" title="White Irish">Irish</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,838 </td> <td>2% </td> <td>2,911 </td> <td>1.4% </td> <td>2,460 </td> <td>1.0% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/White_Gypsy_or_Irish_Traveller" class="mw-redirect" title="White Gypsy or Irish Traveller">Gypsy or Irish Traveller</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>149 </td> <td> </td> <td>257 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: Roma </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,157 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>White: <a href="/wiki/Other_White" title="Other White">Other</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>3,780 </td> <td>1.9% </td> <td>13,825 </td> <td>6.5% </td> <td>32,510 </td> <td>13.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/British_Asian" class="mw-redirect" title="British Asian">Asian or Asian British</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>5,600 </th> <th>3.1% </th> <th>7,643 </th> <th>3.9% </th> <th>13,751 </th> <th>6.5% </th> <th>18,741 </th> <th>7.9% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Indians" title="British Indians">Indian</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2593 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,333 </td> <td> </td> <td>5,328 </td> <td> </td> <td>7,859 </td> <td>3.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Pakistanis" title="British Pakistanis">Pakistani</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>513 </td> <td> </td> <td>795 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,536 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,439 </td> <td>1.00% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Bangladeshis" title="British Bangladeshis">Bangladeshi</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1198 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,768 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,367 </td> <td> </td> <td>4,452 </td> <td>1.90% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: <a href="/wiki/British_Chinese" title="British Chinese">Chinese</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>690 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,278 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,705 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,418 </td> <td>0.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian or Asian British: Other Asian </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>606 </td> <td> </td> <td>469 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,815 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,573 </td> <td>1.10% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Black_British_people" title="Black British people">Black or Black British</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>4,098 </th> <th>2.3% </th> <th>4,643 </th> <th>2.4% </th> <th>10,741 </th> <th>5.1% </th> <th>18,447 </th> <th>7.70% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">African</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>385 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,361 </td> <td> </td> <td>6,473 </td> <td> </td> <td>12,970 </td> <td>5.40% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/British_African-Caribbean_people" title="British African-Caribbean people">Caribbean</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>2,701 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,822 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,946 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,087 </td> <td>1.30% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black or Black British: <a href="/wiki/Classification_of_ethnicity_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Classification of ethnicity in the United Kingdom">Other Black</a> </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1012 </td> <td> </td> <td>460 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,322 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,390 </td> <td>1.00% </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Mixed_(United_Kingdom_ethnicity_category)" title="Mixed (United Kingdom ethnicity category)">Mixed or British Mixed</a>: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>3,369 </th> <th>1.7% </th> <th>6,849 </th> <th>3.2% </th> <th>8,639 </th> <th>3.60% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Black Caribbean </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,693 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,149 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,508 </td> <td>1.50% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Black African </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>272 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,012 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,374 </td> <td>0.60% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: White and Asian </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>748 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,286 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,687 </td> <td>0.70% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Mixed: Other Mixed </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>656 </td> <td> </td> <td>1,402 </td> <td> </td> <td>2,070 </td> <td>0.90% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Other: Total </th> <th>– </th> <th>– </th> <th>1,005 </th> <th>0.6% </th> <th>686 </th> <th>0.4% </th> <th>1,490 </th> <th>0.7% </th> <th>3,924 </th> <th>1.6% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Arab </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>543 </td> <td> </td> <td>575 </td> <td>0.2% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other: Any other ethnic group </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>1,005 </td> <td>0.6% </td> <td>686 </td> <td>0.4% </td> <td>947 </td> <td> </td> <td>3,349 </td> <td>1.4% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Ethnic minority: Total </th> <th>7,355 </th> <th>4.8% </th> <th>10,703 </th> <th>5.9% </th> <th>16,341 </th> <th>8.4% </th> <th>32,831 </th> <th>15.5% </th> <th>49,751 </th> <th>20.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <th>152,719 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>180,567 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>194,458 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>212,069 </th> <th>100% </th> <th>238,651 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> In terms of religion, 48.7% of residents described themselves as Christian, 35.7% as irreligious, 5.6% as Muslim, 1.9% as Hindu, 0.6% as other religions, 0.5% as Sikh, 0.4% as Buddhist and 0.1% as Jewish. 6.5% failed to report any affiliation. <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Religion </th> <th colspan="2">2001<a href="#cite_note-94">[92]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2011<a href="#cite_note-95">[93]</a> </th> <th colspan="2">2021<a href="#cite_note-96">[94]</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Holds religious beliefs </th> <th>141,432 </th> <th>72.7% </th> <th>135,433 </th> <th>63.9% </th> <th>137,892 </th> <th>57.8% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/20px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/30px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg/40px-Gold_Christian_Cross_no_Red.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="805" data-file-height="1052" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a> </td> <td align="right">132,791 </td> <td align="right">68.3% </td> <td align="right">119,937 </td> <td align="right">56.6% </td> <td>116,119 </td> <td>48.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Dharma_Wheel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/20px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/30px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Dharma_Wheel.svg/40px-Dharma_Wheel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Buddhism" title="Buddhism">Buddhist</a> </td> <td align="right">669 </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right">924 </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td>896 </td> <td>0.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Om.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/20px-Om.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/31px-Om.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Om.svg/40px-Om.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="200" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Hinduism" title="Hinduism">Hindu</a> </td> <td align="right">2,228 </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td> <td align="right">3,393 </td> <td align="right">1.6% </td> <td>4,510 </td> <td>1.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/20px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/30px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/40px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jewish</a> </td> <td align="right">322 </td> <td align="right">0.2% </td> <td align="right">273 </td> <td align="right">0.1% </td> <td>224 </td> <td>0.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Star_and_Crescent.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/20px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/30px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Star_and_Crescent.svg/40px-Star_and_Crescent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="249" data-file-height="216" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslim</a> </td> <td align="right">4,028 </td> <td align="right">2.1% </td> <td align="right">8,806 </td> <td align="right">4.2% </td> <td>13,350 </td> <td>5.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Khanda.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/19px-Khanda.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/29px-Khanda.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Khanda.svg/39px-Khanda.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="632" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Sikhism" title="Sikhism">Sikh</a> </td> <td align="right">736 </td> <td align="right">0.4% </td> <td align="right">1,063 </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td>1,292 </td> <td>0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Other religion </td> <td align="right">658 </td> <td align="right">0.3% </td> <td align="right">1,037 </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td> <td>1,501 </td> <td>0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <th>(No religion and Religion not stated) </th> <th align="right">53,026 </th> <th align="right">27.3 </th> <th align="right">76,636 </th> <th align="right">36.1% </th> <th>100,774 </th> <th>42.2% </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Irreligion" title="Irreligion">No religion</a> </td> <td align="right">37,132 </td> <td align="right">19.1% </td> <td align="right">62,404 </td> <td align="right">29.4% </td> <td>85,273 </td> <td>35.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Religion not stated </td> <td align="right">15,894 </td> <td align="right">8.2% </td> <td align="right">14,232 </td> <td align="right">6.7% </td> <td>15,501 </td> <td>6.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total population </th> <th align="right">194,458 </th> <th align="right">100% </th> <th align="right">212,069 </th> <th align="right">100% </th> <th>238,666 </th> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barratts_factory,_Northampton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Barratts_factory%2C_Northampton.jpg/220px-Barratts_factory%2C_Northampton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Barratts_factory%2C_Northampton.jpg/330px-Barratts_factory%2C_Northampton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Barratts_factory%2C_Northampton.jpg/440px-Barratts_factory%2C_Northampton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1772" data-file-height="1177" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Barratts_Shoes" title="Barratts Shoes">Barratt</a> Boot and Shoe factory operational since 1911.</figcaption></figure> Northampton was a major centre of shoemaking and other leather industries, although only specialist shoemaking companies such as Barker Shoes, <a href="/wiki/Church%27s" title="Church's">Church's</a>,<a href="#cite_note-97">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Crockett_%26_Jones" title="Crockett & Jones">Crockett & Jones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edward_Green_Shoes" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward Green Shoes">Edward Green</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tricker%27s" title="Tricker's">Tricker's</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Trickers-98">[96]</a> (formerly located in nearby <a href="/wiki/Earls_Barton" title="Earls Barton">Earls Barton</a>), and <a href="/wiki/Wildsmith_Shoes" title="Wildsmith Shoes">Wildsmith</a>,<a href="#cite_note-99">[97]</a> survive. A large number of old shoe factories remain, mostly now converted to offices or accommodation, some of which are surrounded by terraced houses built for factory workers. Engineering became a major employer in Northampton during the post-war years following the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Timken_Company" title="Timken Company">British Timken</a> tapered roller bearing factory at Duston in 1941 as a <a href="/wiki/Shadow_factory" class="mw-redirect" title="Shadow factory">shadow factory</a> for the main site in Birmingham during the Second World War. The factory which closed in 2002 employed over 4,000 employees at its peak and was a major engineering apprentice training employer. Northampton's main private-sector employers are now in distribution and finance rather than manufacturing, and include <a href="/wiki/Avon_Products" title="Avon Products">Avon Products</a>,<a href="#cite_note-100">[98]</a><a href="#cite_note-101">[99]</a> <a href="/wiki/Barclaycard" title="Barclaycard">Barclaycard</a>,<a href="#cite_note-102">[100]</a> <a href="/wiki/Blacks_Leisure_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacks Leisure Group">Blacks Leisure Group</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nationwide_Building_Society" title="Nationwide Building Society">Nationwide Building Society</a> (<a href="/wiki/Anglia_Building_Society" title="Anglia Building Society">Anglia Building Society</a> was formed by amalgamation of Northampton Town and County Building Society with Leicestershire Building Society in 1966 and subsequently merged with the Nationwide in 1987),<a href="#cite_note-103">[101]</a> <a href="/wiki/Panasonic" title="Panasonic">Panasonic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Travis_Perkins" title="Travis Perkins">Travis Perkins</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coca-Cola" title="Coca-Cola">Coca-Cola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Schweppes" title="Schweppes">Schweppes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Simply_Business" title="Simply Business">Simply Business</a>,<a href="#cite_note-104">[102]</a> <a href="/wiki/National_Grid_plc" title="National Grid plc">National Grid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlsberg_Group" title="Carlsberg Group">Carlsberg</a>.<a href="#cite_note-105">[103]</a> In 1974, <a href="/wiki/Princess_Benedikte_of_Denmark" title="Princess Benedikte of Denmark">Princess Benedikte of Denmark</a> opened Northampton's Carlsberg brewery, the first outside Denmark.<a href="#cite_note-106">[104]</a> The University of Northampton is also a major employer, as is St Andrew's Healthcare, a national mental health charity. St Andrew's Hospital, its flagship hospital and the United Kingdom's largest psychiatric hospital, is based in Northampton. In 2014, <a href="/wiki/Experian" title="Experian">Experian</a> named Northampton as "the best place in the UK to start and run a business."<a href="#cite_note-107">[105]</a> In 2017, the town's annual economic output, as measured by <a href="/wiki/Gross_value_added" title="Gross value added">gross value added</a>, was worth £7.31 billion.<a href="#cite_note-CentreForCitiesNorthampton2019-108">[106]</a> Northampton was expected to be affected by the insolvency of Northamptonshire County Council in 2018, as the council implemented significant budget cuts for two years. That was expected to include maintenance of only the "bare legal minimum of service, focused only on the most vulnerable residents".<a href="#cite_note-109">[107]</a> Health inequality in Northampton is high, with the life expectancy gap between the least deprived and most deprived men reaching over a decade.<a href="#cite_note-fingertips-110">[108]</a> Additionally, the constituency is 'considerably worse than [the] England average' in violent crime, self harm, under 18 conception and GCSE achievement.<a href="#cite_note-fingertips-110">[108]</a> Northampton's <a href="/wiki/Market_square" title="Market square">market square</a> is one of Britain's largest and dates back to 1235.<a href="#cite_note-111">[109]</a> The market square is linked to Abington Street, a major shopping area of Northampton. The western part of the street was <a href="/wiki/Pedestrian_zone" title="Pedestrian zone">pedestrianised</a> in 1984. Further east, part was pedestrianised in 1995 and de-pedestrianised in 2014. The east end (beyond York Road) has never been pedestrianised.<a href="#cite_note-112">[110]</a> There are also two indoor shopping centres in the town centre: the Grosvenor Centre, which was built in the 1970s, and Market Walk (previously Peacock Place), which was constructed in 1988. St James Retail Park is also a large shopping precinct just south of the town centre. Other out-of-town retail parks exist: Weston Favell Shopping Centre, built in the 1970s, and Riverside Retail Park in the east of the town, as well as <a href="/wiki/Sixfields" title="Sixfields">Sixfields</a> in the west. Each precinct has a range of high street shops, department stores and many smaller individual speciality shops. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Leisure">Leisure</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Leisure">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg/220px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg/330px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg/440px-Northampton_Market_Square_Lights_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3680" data-file-height="2760" /></a><figcaption>The Market Square at night</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Billing_Aquadrome" title="Billing Aquadrome">Billing Aquadrome</a> leisure park is on the eastern outskirts. It has a caravan site, marina, funfair, bar, riverside restaurant and converted water mill with original workings. The Northampton Leisure Trust (branded Trilogy Leisure) has four leisure centres across Northampton: Danes Camp, Lings Forum, <a href="/wiki/Mounts_Baths" title="Mounts Baths">Mounts Baths</a> and Duston Sports Centre. King’s Park Sports, operated by Action Centres UK, has sports facilities that include tennis courts, badminton courts, a climbing wall, trampolining, archery and more. There is also a public golf course at Delapré. Radlands Plaza is a new <a href="/wiki/Skatepark" title="Skatepark">skatepark</a> that opened in 2012. According to the website of the (former) Northampton Borough Council, there are a total of 170 parks and open spaces around Northampton, which altogether span around 1,880 acres (761 ha).<a href="#cite_note-113">[111]</a> Popular parks include <a href="/wiki/Abington_Park" title="Abington Park">Abington Park</a>, which is the town's oldest, and the Racecourse, which was used for horseracing (until 1904) and as a cricket ground (between 1844 and 1885) in addition to being the original home of <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Balloon_Festival" title="Northampton Balloon Festival">Northampton Balloon Festival</a>. Other parks include Becket's Park (which is named after Thomas Becket as are nearby Becket's Well and Thomas á Becket pub), Bradlaugh Fields (named after the Northampton MP Charles Bradlaugh), Dallington Park, Delapré Park, Eastfield Park, Hunsbury Hill (which is built around an <a href="/wiki/Iron_Age" title="Iron Age">Iron Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Hillfort" title="Hillfort">hillfort</a>), Kingsthorpe Park and Victoria Park. Popular annual events include <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Carnival" title="Northampton Carnival">Northampton Carnival</a>, the Beer Festival, the Dragonboat Race, the Umbrella Fair, Diwali celebrations and <a href="/wiki/St_Crispin_Street_Fair" title="St Crispin Street Fair">St Crispins Fair</a>. Northampton Balloon Festival used to be a major event in Northampton, but since being scaled down, it has been poorly attended. Northampton Music Festival has been celebrated every year since 2007 in the town centre. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Entertainment">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:RoyalDerngate.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RoyalDerngate.JPG/220px-RoyalDerngate.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RoyalDerngate.JPG/330px-RoyalDerngate.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/RoyalDerngate.JPG/440px-RoyalDerngate.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Royal_%26_Derngate" title="Royal & Derngate">Royal & Derngate</a>, one of the main venues for arts and entertainment</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Royal_%26_Derngate" title="Royal & Derngate">Royal & Derngate</a> theatre complex, on Guildhall Road in the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Quarter,_Northampton" title="Cultural Quarter, Northampton">Cultural Quarter</a> of the town centre, is one of the main venues for arts and entertainment in Northampton. <a href="/wiki/The_Deco" title="The Deco">The Deco</a>, situated in Abington Square in the town centre, is a 900-seat theatre and conference centre, which shares its <a href="/wiki/Art_Deco" title="Art Deco">Art Deco</a> building with the Northampton Jesus Centre. It was restored by the <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Army" title="Jesus Army">Jesus Army</a> as part of their Jesus Centre project. The Deco used to be a cinema in the 1960s; <a href="/wiki/The_Beatles" title="The Beatles">The Beatles</a> appeared there twice on stage in 1963: firstly as unknowns as part of the <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Roe" title="Tommy Roe">Tommy Roe</a>/<a href="/wiki/Chris_Montez" title="Chris Montez">Chris Montez</a> tour; secondly as part of their own tour in their own right.<a href="#cite_note-BeatlesE-114">[112]</a> Smaller theatres include the Northampton Playhouse and the Cripps Theatre, which is part of Northampton School for Boys. The two commercial cinemas in Northampton are <a href="/wiki/Vue_(cinema)" class="mw-redirect" title="Vue (cinema)">Vue</a> at <a href="/wiki/Sol_Central_Northampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Sol Central Northampton">Sol Central</a> in the centre and <a href="/wiki/Cineworld" title="Cineworld">Cineworld</a> at Sixfields. There is also the subsidised Forum Cinema at <a href="/wiki/Lings_Forum" title="Lings Forum">Lings Forum</a>, whose film programme is widely varied and includes art-house and non-mainstream films. The Northampton Filmhouse, an independent cinema joined to the side of the Royal & Derngate theatre complex, opened in June 2013. There are also many local entertainment venues which provide events. <a href="/wiki/Roadmender_(nightclub)" title="Roadmender (nightclub)">The Roadmender</a>, which used to be run and funded by the council and later bought by The Purplehaus group, hosts mainstream touring bands and one off-gigs. There are other popular late-night entertainment venues, pubs, bars and clubs in the town centre, and along the Wellingborough and Kettering Roads on the way into the town centre. Northampton also has ten-pin bowling alleys and late night casinos. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Libraries,_museums_and_galleries">Libraries, museums and galleries</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Libraries, museums and galleries">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NorthamptonshireCentralLibrary.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NorthamptonshireCentralLibrary.jpg/220px-NorthamptonshireCentralLibrary.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NorthamptonshireCentralLibrary.jpg/330px-NorthamptonshireCentralLibrary.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/NorthamptonshireCentralLibrary.jpg/440px-NorthamptonshireCentralLibrary.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1649" data-file-height="1727" /></a><figcaption>Northamptonshire Central Library in Abington Street</figcaption></figure> The Northamptonshire Central Library in town centre is a Grade II listed building which was erected in 1910.<a href="#cite_note-115">[113]</a> There are seven other public libraries that are dotted across Northampton—in Abington, Duston, Far Cotton, Hunsbury, Kingsthorpe, St James, Wootton—all run by Northamptonshire County Council.<a href="#cite_note-116">[114]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:NorthamptonMAG.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/NorthamptonMAG.jpg/220px-NorthamptonMAG.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/NorthamptonMAG.jpg/330px-NorthamptonMAG.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/NorthamptonMAG.jpg/440px-NorthamptonMAG.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2006" data-file-height="1203" /></a><figcaption>Northampton Museum and Art Gallery</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Northampton Museum and Art Gallery">Northampton Museum and Art Gallery</a> on Guildhall Road in the Cultural Quarter has a collection of historical footwear (one of the world's largest at 13,000), Italian art, glass and ceramics, plus visiting exhibitions and local history. There is also a smaller Grade I listed historical museum in the former Abington Park house which mainly has history on domestic life in the town and the Northamptonshire Regiment. <a href="/wiki/78_Derngate" title="78 Derngate">78 Derngate</a>, the only house in England designed by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Rennie_Mackintosh" title="Charles Rennie Mackintosh">Charles Rennie Mackintosh</a>, includes a museum celebrating Mackintosh, an art gallery and a restaurant. The Northampton Arts Collective is homed on a four-storey building entitled NN<a href="#cite_note-117">[115]</a> in the Cultural Quarter, opposite the Northampton Museum and next to the Royal & Derngate theatre complex. They relocated from the Old Fishmarket which was demolished to make way for the North Gate bus station.<a href="#cite_note-118">[116]</a> The Avenue Gallery, is at the Avenue campus of the University of Northampton. The university also spent £3m on its Portfolio Innovation Centre in early 2011, which houses around 60 creative freelancers, digital media developers, and designers.<a href="#cite_note-119">[117]</a> Other art galleries include Collective Collaborations, Artist's Sanctuary, Albus3, Gallery 177 and Primose Gallery. Northamptonshire also runs an annual county-wide Open Studios event celebrating visual arts in which artists' studios are open to the public.<a href="#cite_note-120">[118]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> The composers <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Arnold" title="Malcolm Arnold">Malcolm Arnold</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Alwyn" title="William Alwyn">William Alwyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trevor_Hold" title="Trevor Hold">Trevor Hold</a>, <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Rubbra" title="Edmund Rubbra">Edmund Rubbra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Walker_(composer)" title="Robert Walker (composer)">Robert Walker</a> were born in Northampton. Northampton also boasts one of the oldest community orchestras in the U.K. - the Northampton Symphony Orchestra, which started life in 1896 as Saint Celia's Orchestral Society. Gothic rock band <a href="/wiki/Bauhaus_(band)" title="Bauhaus (band)">Bauhaus</a> formed in Northampton, often cited as the godfathers of goth, they helped pioneer the genre during the late 1970s and throughout the 1980s. The popular UK rapper <a href="/wiki/Slowthai" title="Slowthai">Slowthai</a> was born in Northampton and frequently talks about his life growing up there in his music.<a href="#cite_note-121">[119]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_Saints_play_Worcester_Warriors_at_Franklin%27s_Gardens.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Northampton_Saints_play_Worcester_Warriors_at_Franklin%27s_Gardens.jpg/220px-Northampton_Saints_play_Worcester_Warriors_at_Franklin%27s_Gardens.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Northampton_Saints_play_Worcester_Warriors_at_Franklin%27s_Gardens.jpg/330px-Northampton_Saints_play_Worcester_Warriors_at_Franklin%27s_Gardens.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Northampton_Saints_play_Worcester_Warriors_at_Franklin%27s_Gardens.jpg/440px-Northampton_Saints_play_Worcester_Warriors_at_Franklin%27s_Gardens.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_Gardens" title="Franklin's Gardens">Franklin's Gardens</a>, the home of the Saints, is the 5th largest stadium in the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a> and the largest stadium in <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rugby_Union">Rugby Union</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Rugby Union">edit</a>]</div> The town is home to <a href="/wiki/Guinness_Premiership" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Premiership">Premiership</a> <a href="/wiki/Rugby_union" title="Rugby union">rugby union</a> champions <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Saints" title="Northampton Saints">Northampton Saints</a>, who play at <a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_Gardens" title="Franklin's Gardens">Franklin's Gardens</a> in the St James End area to the west of town. The Saints have won 3 major titles so far: the <a href="/wiki/Heineken_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Heineken Cup">Heineken Cup</a> in 2000, and the <a href="/wiki/Gallagher_Premiership" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallagher Premiership">English Premiership</a> twice in 2014 and 2024 respectively, and have the highest average attendance of any professional sports team in the town<a href="#cite_note-122">[120]</a> <a href="#cite_note-123">[121]</a>. Rugby Union also maintains itself as a very popular amateur sport in the town, with it being played by nearly every secondary school in the area, as well as by around 10 amateur clubs within Northampton itself, most of which field multiple teams on weekends<a href="#cite_note-124">[122]</a>. Northampton is also home to Northampton Outlaws, its first inclusive rugby team and the 9th gay-friendly team in the United Kingdom.<a href="#cite_note-125">[123]</a> Due to its introduction to the town as a sport for all, it has maintained a considerably more working class character than elsewhere in the UK<a href="#cite_note-126">[124]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Association_Football">Association Football</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Association Football">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/EFL_League_One" title="EFL League One">EFL League One</a> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> club <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Town_F.C." title="Northampton Town F.C.">Northampton Town</a>, known as "The Cobblers" from the town's shoemaking background, are based at <a href="/wiki/Sixfields_Stadium" title="Sixfields Stadium">Sixfields Stadium</a>. Established in 1897, in their centenary season of 1997 they reached Wembley through the play-offs and beat <a href="/wiki/Swansea_City_A.F.C." title="Swansea City A.F.C.">Swansea City</a> 1–0 with an injury time winning free kick from John Frain. It was the first club to set up a trust for supporters to work with the club as many have done. Sixfields was also briefly the home of <a href="/wiki/Coventry_City_F.C." title="Coventry City F.C.">Coventry City</a> for just over one season between August 2013 and August 2014. There are also three non-league clubs in the <a href="/wiki/United_Counties_Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="United Counties Football League">United Counties Football League</a>: <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Spencer_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton Spencer FC">Northampton Spencer</a>; <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Sileby_Rangers_F.C." title="Northampton Sileby Rangers F.C.">Northampton Sileby Rangers</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Northampton_ON_Chenecks_FC" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton ON Chenecks FC">Northampton Old Northamptonian Chenecks</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cricket">Cricket</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Cricket">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Northamptonshire County Cricket Club">Northamptonshire County Cricket Club</a>, known in <a href="/wiki/Limited_overs_cricket" title="Limited overs cricket">limited overs cricket</a> as "The Steelbacks" (a reference to the Northamptonshire Regiment which was formed in 1881), is one of the 18 major county clubs which make up the English and Welsh domestic <a href="/wiki/Cricket" title="Cricket">cricket</a> structure. The club was promoted from Division 2 of the <a href="/wiki/County_Championship" title="County Championship">County Championship</a> in 2019, and play in Group C of the <a href="/wiki/Clydesdale_Bank_40" class="mw-redirect" title="Clydesdale Bank 40">Clydesdale Bank 40</a> League and the Midlands/Wales/West group of the revamped <a href="/wiki/Friends_Provident" title="Friends Provident">Friends Provident</a> <a href="/wiki/Twenty20_Cup" class="mw-redirect" title="Twenty20 Cup">T20</a>. They are based at the <a href="/wiki/County_Cricket_Ground,_Northampton" title="County Cricket Ground, Northampton">County Ground</a>, in the Abington area. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Motorsport">Motorsport</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Motorsport">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Silverstone_Circuit" title="Silverstone Circuit">Silverstone Circuit</a>, current home of the <a href="/wiki/British_Grand_Prix" title="British Grand Prix">British Grand Prix</a>, is a few miles south of Northampton. <a href="/wiki/Rockingham_Motor_Speedway" title="Rockingham Motor Speedway">Rockingham Motor Speedway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Santa_Pod_Raceway" title="Santa Pod Raceway">Santa Pod Raceway</a> are a few miles north and east of Northampton respectively, the latter offering a range of <a href="/wiki/Drag_racing" title="Drag racing">drag racing</a> events. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_Sports">Other Sports</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Other Sports">edit</a>]</div> Northampton is also home to <a href="/wiki/Collingtree_Park#Facilies" title="Collingtree Park">Collingtree Park Golf Club</a>, which hosted the <a href="/wiki/British_Masters" title="British Masters">British Masters</a> in 1995. There are also many equestrian and country activities, and several water sports centres, such as the Nene Whitewater Centre, which provides an artificial <a href="/wiki/Whitewater" title="Whitewater">whitewater</a> course for <a href="/wiki/Canoe" title="Canoe">canoes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kayak" title="Kayak">kayaks</a> and <a href="/wiki/Raft" title="Raft">rafts</a>. The Northampton Swimming Club also trained the young Olympic swimmer <a href="/wiki/Caitlin_McClatchey" title="Caitlin McClatchey">Caitlin McClatchey</a>. Northampton is also home to <a href="/wiki/Be_Military_Fit" title="Be Military Fit">Be Military Fit</a> in Abington Park where members can train up to 7 times a week with serving or ex-military fitness instructors.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Greyhound_Stadium" title="Northampton Greyhound Stadium">Northampton Greyhound Stadium</a> hosted <a href="/wiki/Greyhound_racing_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Greyhound racing in the United Kingdom">greyhound racing</a> from 1928 to 1964 and <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">speedway</a> from 1929 to 1930.<a href="#cite_note-127">[125]</a><a href="#cite_note-128">[126]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Media">Media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Media">edit</a>]</div> The <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Chronicle_%26_Echo" title="Northampton Chronicle & Echo">Northampton Chronicle & Echo</a> (established 1931) is the town's newspaper, published on Thursdays (before 2012, it was published Monday to Saturday) with jobs, property, motors and entertainment supplements. There are other free newspapers circulated within the town. These include The Mercury (on Thursdays) and Northants on Sunday, both from the publishers of the Chronicle & Echo, and the <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Herald_%26_Post" title="Northampton Herald & Post">Northampton Herald & Post</a> (on Thursdays). These free papers mostly consist of advertising and have limited news. The Mercury was one of the oldest newspapers still in circulation first published in 1720, founded by William Dicey, an ancestor of the public law commentator, A.V. Dicey. It was the fifth-oldest such newspaper in the United Kingdom and the tenth-oldest such in the world.<a href="#cite_note-129">[127]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Broadcasting_House,_Northampton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Broadcasting_House%2C_Northampton.jpg/220px-Broadcasting_House%2C_Northampton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Broadcasting_House%2C_Northampton.jpg/330px-Broadcasting_House%2C_Northampton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Broadcasting_House%2C_Northampton.jpg/440px-Broadcasting_House%2C_Northampton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="542" data-file-height="450" /></a><figcaption>Radio Northampton's Broadcasting House is located on Abington Street in Northampton.</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Heart_FM" class="mw-redirect" title="Heart FM">Heart FM</a> and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Radio_Northampton" title="BBC Radio Northampton">BBC Radio Northampton</a> are the major stations that serve the town. There are four community radio stations: <a href="/wiki/Inspiration_FM" title="Inspiration FM">Inspiration FM</a>, <a href="/wiki/NLive_Radio" title="NLive Radio">NLive Radio</a> (Formerly NNBC), Revolution Radio and Embrace Radio. Revolution Radio was awarded a 5 year licence on 16 July 2020. Inspiration FM was officially launched in July 2010.<a href="#cite_note-130">[128]</a> The station broadcasts on 107.8 FM NNBC was originally launched in September 2016 as a joint venture with the University of Northampton.<a href="#cite_note-131">[129]</a> As of 30 September 2017, the station was re-branded as NLive Radio. The station marked the re-branding with a live broadcast from Market Square on 30 September.<a href="#cite_note-132">[130]</a><a href="#cite_note-133">[131]</a> Later that same evening, the station ran a live evening of music from a music venue in Northampton. The evening of music was headlined by Hana Brooks and broadcast live on the station under the banner 'Shoetown Sounds'.<a href="#cite_note-134">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[133]</a> The station broadcasts on 106.9 FM. Embrace Radio, was launched on 5 March 2022. It serves the town on 104.7 FM. Regional TV news is provided by <a href="/wiki/BBC_Look_East" title="BBC Look East">BBC Look East</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_News_Anglia" title="ITV News Anglia">ITV News Anglia</a>. Northampton has also been used as a location for television, film and theatre. Northampton Castle is featured in <a href="/wiki/William_Shakespeare" title="William Shakespeare">William Shakespeare</a>'s history play <a href="/wiki/King_John_(play)" title="King John (play)">King John</a> and in <a href="/wiki/Becket_(Tennyson_play)" title="Becket (Tennyson play)">Becket</a>, a play by <a href="/wiki/Alfred,_Lord_Tennyson" title="Alfred, Lord Tennyson">Alfred, Lord Tennyson</a>. The town was the location for the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> sitcom <a href="/wiki/Keeping_Up_Appearances" title="Keeping Up Appearances">Keeping Up Appearances</a> from 1990 until 1995. Parts of the 2005 film <a href="/wiki/Kinky_Boots_(film)" title="Kinky Boots (film)">Kinky Boots</a> were also made in Northampton and featured shots of the statue outside the Grosvenor Centre in the town centre and inside RE Tricker's shoe factory in St. Michaels Road representing the original factory in Earls Barton.<a href="#cite_note-Trickers-98">[96]</a> The film was turned into a musical <a href="/wiki/Kinky_Boots_(musical)" title="Kinky Boots (musical)">Kinky Boots</a>, maintaining its Northampton backdrop, which premiered on <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> in 2013 and won 6 <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Awards</a>. It transferred to the <a href="/wiki/West_End_theatre" title="West End theatre">West End</a> in London in 2015 and won 3 <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Laurence Olivier Award">Olivier Awards</a>. In addition, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Three_(former)" class="mw-redirect" title="BBC Three (former)">BBC Three</a> shows <a href="/wiki/Bizarre_ER" title="Bizarre ER">Bizarre ER</a> and <a href="/wiki/Junior_Paramedics" title="Junior Paramedics">Junior Paramedics</a> were filmed in Northampton.<a href="#cite_note-136">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-137">[135]</a> <a href="/wiki/Changing_Ends" title="Changing Ends">Changing Ends</a> (2023), a semi-autobiographical sitcom based on <a href="/wiki/Alan_Carr" title="Alan Carr">Alan Carr</a>'s childhood, was set in 1980s Northampton. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_buildings">Notable buildings</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Notable buildings">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:552px;max-width:552px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2543768.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Church of The Holy Sepulchre." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2543768.jpg/180px-Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2543768.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2543768.jpg/270px-Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2543768.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2543768.jpg/360px-Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2543768.jpg 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="640" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Sepulchre,_Northampton" title="The Holy Sepulchre, Northampton">The Church of The Holy Sepulchre</a>, Northampton</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:All_Saints_Church_(geograph_7247736).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="All Saints' Church in central Northampton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg/180px-All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg/270px-All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg/360px-All_Saints_Church_%28geograph_7247736%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="2252" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Northampton" title="All Saints' Church, Northampton">All Saints' Church</a> in the centre of Northampton</div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Northampton Guildhall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg/180px-Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg/270px-Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg/360px-Northampton_Guildhall_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Guildhall" title="Northampton Guildhall">Northampton Guildhall</a>, built in the 1860s, is a Grade II* listed building</div></div></div></div></div> The Church of the Holy Sepulchre, is one of the largest and best-preserved round churches in England. It was built in 1100 on the orders of the first Earl of Northampton, <a href="/wiki/Marquess_of_Northampton" title="Marquess of Northampton">Simon de Senlis</a> and based on a plan of the original <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Holy_Sepulchre" title="Church of the Holy Sepulchre">Church of the Holy Sepulchre</a> in Jerusalem.<a href="#cite_note-138">[136]</a> Simon de Senlis also built Northampton Castle c. 1084, which was for many years one of the country's most important castles. It was a royal residence, held The Parliament of England many times, and was the site of royal tournaments and feasts. Thomas Becket was imprisoned there until he escaped. The castle suffered many fates and was eventually demolished to make way for the railway station in 1879.<a href="#cite_note-139">[137]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Postern" title="Postern">postern</a>, dismantled from its original position and rebuilt into a wall by the station, and a part of the keep mound are all that remains. The current All Saints' Church was built on the site of a great Norman church, All Hallows, which was almost completely destroyed by the Great Fire of Northampton in 1675. All that remained was the medieval tower and the fine vaulted crypt, but by 1680 All Saints' had been rebuilt, with the help of donations from all over England, including 1,000 tons of timber from <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">King Charles II</a>, whose statue can be seen above the <a href="/wiki/Portico" title="Portico">portico</a>. Famously, the poet <a href="/wiki/John_Clare" title="John Clare">John Clare</a> liked to sit beneath the portico of the church. It is home to a choral foundation.<a href="#cite_note-140">[138]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northampton_Express_Lift_tower.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Northampton_Express_Lift_tower.jpg/170px-Northampton_Express_Lift_tower.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="348" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Northampton_Express_Lift_tower.jpg/255px-Northampton_Express_Lift_tower.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Northampton_Express_Lift_tower.jpg/340px-Northampton_Express_Lift_tower.jpg 2x" data-file-width="932" data-file-height="1906" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/National_Lift_Tower" title="National Lift Tower">National Lift Tower</a> is a prominent feature of the town's skyline</figcaption></figure> Other notable church buildings include <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Cathedral" title="Northampton Cathedral">Northampton Cathedral</a>, the mother church of the Roman Catholic <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Northampton" class="mw-redirect" title="Diocese of Northampton">Diocese of Northampton</a> and seat of the <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Northampton" title="Bishop of Northampton">Bishop of Northampton</a>; St Peter's (mostly built in Norman times); <a href="/wiki/St_Giles%27_Church,_Northampton" title="St Giles' Church, Northampton">St Giles' Church</a>; <a href="/wiki/St_Matthew%27s_Church,_Northampton" title="St Matthew's Church, Northampton">St Matthew's</a> in Phippsville, which was built between 1891 and 1894, has a <a href="/wiki/Henry_Moore" title="Henry Moore">Henry Moore</a> sculpture of the <a href="/wiki/Madonna_(art)" title="Madonna (art)">Madonna</a>. St Edmund's Church (built in 1850) closed in 1978 and was demolished in 1980<a href="#cite_note-141">[139]</a> (its bells are now in <a href="/wiki/Saint_Paul%27s_Cathedral,_Wellington" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Paul's Cathedral, Wellington">Saint Paul's Cathedral, Wellington</a>). Just south of the town centre Delapré Abbey, a former <a href="/wiki/Cluniac" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluniac">Cluniac</a> nunnery, the County Records Office and site of the second Battle of Northampton, which was founded by Simon II de Senlis, the son of first Earl of Northampton, in 1145. At the edge of the Abbey, one of the three standing <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_cross" title="Eleanor cross">Eleanor crosses</a> still remains, in memory of <a href="/wiki/Eleanor_of_Castile" title="Eleanor of Castile">Eleanor of Castile</a>, whose body rested here on its way to London. The original top of the monument has been knocked off and replaced several times from as early as 1460.<a href="#cite_note-142">[140]</a> St Andrew's Hospital, which opened 1838, and its new building William Wake House, is one of the largest <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">neo-classical</a> structures in England. Northampton & County Club, which was established in 1873, was also the old county hospital before becoming a private members' club; the cellars are medieval. <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Guildhall" title="Northampton Guildhall">Northampton Guildhall</a>, which is Grade II* listed, was constructed mostly in the 1860s in <a href="/wiki/Victorian_Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Victorian Gothic">Victorian Gothic</a> architecture designed by <a href="/wiki/Edward_William_Godwin" title="Edward William Godwin">Edward William Godwin</a>, and extended in 1889–92<a href="#cite_note-143">[141]</a> and in the 1990s. The <a href="/wiki/Clare_Street_drill_hall,_Northampton" title="Clare Street drill hall, Northampton">Clare Street drill hall</a> was completed in 1859.<a href="#cite_note-144">[142]</a> 78 Derngate is a Grade II* listed Georgian Town House remodelled by Charles Rennie Mackintosh for <a href="/wiki/Wenman_Joseph_Bassett-Lowke" title="Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke">Wenman Joseph Bassett-Lowke</a> in 1916–17. It contains notable Mackintosh interiors (which have been restored) and is his only major domestic commission outside Scotland. It is open to the public. One of these Derngate buildings was previously home to Northampton High School, an independent Northampton girls' school. The 127.45 m (418 ft 2 in) tall <a href="/wiki/National_Lift_Tower" title="National Lift Tower">National Lift Tower</a> is a dominant feature and visible from most of the town. A <a href="/wiki/Terry_Wogan" title="Terry Wogan">Terry Wogan</a> radio phone-in during the 1980s came up with the name "Northampton Lighthouse" as Northampton is one of the furthest places from the sea. It is also known as the "Cobblers' Needle". It was built for testing new lifts at the Express Lifts factory, now closed. Though now redundant, it is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a>.<a href="#cite_note-145">[143]</a> The former Greyfriars bus station served the town from 1976 until 2014. In the 2000s, it was featured on <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Demolition_(television)" class="mw-redirect" title="Demolition (television)">Demolition</a> programme as the ugliest transport station in the United Kingdom and worthy of demolition. Demolition work began in March 2014, following the move of bus services to <a href="/wiki/North_Gate_bus_station" title="North Gate bus station">North Gate bus station</a>. The Greyfriars was completely destroyed on 15 March 2015 by way of a controlled explosion.<a href="#cite_note-146">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Memorials">Memorials</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Memorials">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Town_and_County_War_Memorial,_Northampton_(15).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Town_and_County_War_Memorial%2C_Northampton_%2815%29.jpg/170px-Town_and_County_War_Memorial%2C_Northampton_%2815%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Town_and_County_War_Memorial%2C_Northampton_%2815%29.jpg/255px-Town_and_County_War_Memorial%2C_Northampton_%2815%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Town_and_County_War_Memorial%2C_Northampton_%2815%29.jpg/340px-Town_and_County_War_Memorial%2C_Northampton_%2815%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3056" data-file-height="4592" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Northampton_War_Memorial" title="Northampton War Memorial">Town and County War Memorial</a></figcaption></figure> Northampton contains several significant war memorials. The <a href="/wiki/Northampton_War_Memorial" title="Northampton War Memorial">Town and County War Memorial</a>, unveiled in 1926, commemorates casualties of the First World War from all of Northamptonshire; it replaced a temporary cenotaph which stood in Abington Square from 1919. Designed by <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Lutyens" title="Edwin Lutyens">Sir Edwin Lutyens</a>, it consists of two large obelisks and an altar-like stone sited in a small garden behind All Saints' Church. The Town and County memorial is a grade I listed building and part of a national collection of Lutyens' war memorials.<a href="#cite_note-147">[145]</a> As the Town and County memorial does not contain a list of names of the fallen, the <a href="/wiki/Royal_British_Legion" title="Royal British Legion">Royal British Legion</a> launched a campaign which resulted in the construction of a second memorial, dedicated solely to the town; this memorial, in Abington Square, takes the form of a garden of remembrance with the names of the dead inscribed on the garden walls. A bust of <a href="/wiki/Edgar_Mobbs" title="Edgar Mobbs">Edgar Mobbs</a> was later moved into the garden; Mobbs was a rugby player for Northampton Saints who was killed while serving in the First World War.<a href="#cite_note-148">[146]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Transport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti"><div class="thumb tmulti tleft"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:184px;max-width:184px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bus_station_frontage_Northampton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="North Gate bus station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bus_station_frontage_Northampton.jpg/180px-Bus_station_frontage_Northampton.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bus_station_frontage_Northampton.jpg/270px-Bus_station_frontage_Northampton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Bus_station_frontage_Northampton.jpg/360px-Bus_station_frontage_Northampton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1424" data-file-height="1151" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/North_Gate_bus_station" title="North Gate bus station">North Gate bus station</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:182px;max-width:182px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:New_Northampton_station_2015.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Northampton railway station" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/New_Northampton_station_2015.jpg/180px-New_Northampton_station_2015.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/New_Northampton_station_2015.jpg/270px-New_Northampton_station_2015.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/New_Northampton_station_2015.jpg/360px-New_Northampton_station_2015.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3984" data-file-height="1965" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Northampton_railway_station" title="Northampton railway station">Northampton railway station</a></div></div></div></div></div> Northampton is served by junctions 15, 15a and 16 of the M1 motorway which connects the town with London at its most southern point and Leeds at its most northern. Both the <a href="/wiki/A45_road" title="A45 road">A45</a> and <a href="/wiki/A43_road" title="A43 road">A43</a> link Northampton with the other major towns in Northamptonshire and beyond, and can be accessed by a partially completed <a href="/wiki/Ring_road" title="Ring road">ring road</a>. The <a href="/wiki/A14_road_(England)" title="A14 road (England)">A14</a> is close by to the north of Northampton, providing links to <a href="/wiki/East_Anglia" title="East Anglia">East Anglia</a> and a secondary route to the areas of the <a href="/wiki/Midlands" title="Midlands">Midlands</a> which are situated to the north of the town. <a href="/wiki/Northampton_railway_station" title="Northampton railway station">Northampton railway station</a> is on the <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Loop_Line" class="mw-redirect" title="Northampton Loop Line">Northampton Loop</a> of the West Coast Main Line, and has services southbound to <a href="/wiki/Euston_railway_station" title="Euston railway station">London Euston</a> and northbound to <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_New_Street_railway_station" title="Birmingham New Street railway station">Birmingham</a> and <a href="/wiki/Crewe_railway_station" title="Crewe railway station">Crewe</a> provided by <a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Trains" title="West Midlands Trains">West Midlands Trains</a>. <a href="/wiki/Avanti_West_Coast" title="Avanti West Coast">Avanti West Coast</a> also provide two daily services to London, although these are set-down only. <a href="/wiki/Sywell_Aerodrome" title="Sywell Aerodrome">Sywell Aerodrome</a> is the nearest airfield which has recently been upgraded with a 1,000-metre-long (3,300 ft) concrete runway, however it only caters for private flying, flight training and corporate flights.<a href="#cite_note-Sywell-149">[147]</a> For international links, the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands_Airport" title="East Midlands Airport">East Midlands Airport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Luton_Airport" title="Luton Airport">Luton Airport</a> are quickly accessible by the M1 around 44 miles (71 km) north-west and 33 miles (53 km) south-east, respectively; <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_Airport" title="Birmingham Airport">Birmingham Airport</a> is also around 39 miles (63 km) to the north-west of the town via the M1 and <a href="/wiki/M6_motorway" title="M6 motorway">M6</a> motorways, as well as by train. In the town, buses are mainly operated by <a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Midlands" title="Stagecoach Midlands">Stagecoach Midlands</a> from the North Gate bus station with some services from <a href="/wiki/Uno_(bus_company)" title="Uno (bus company)">Uno</a> but it was announced in November 2023 that routes operated by <a href="/wiki/Uno_(bus_company)" title="Uno (bus company)">Uno</a> will be taken over by Stagecoach from March 2024. Stagecoach serves areas within the town and also provides travel to outlying villages and towns within the county, making links to <a href="/wiki/Corby" title="Corby">Corby</a>, Daventry, <a href="/wiki/Kettering" title="Kettering">Kettering</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rushden" title="Rushden">Rushden</a> and Wellingborough. They also go as far afield as <a href="/wiki/Bedford" title="Bedford">Bedford</a>, Leicester, <a href="/wiki/Market_Harborough" title="Market Harborough">Market Harborough</a>, Milton Keynes, Peterborough and <a href="/wiki/Rugby,_Warwickshire" title="Rugby, Warwickshire">Rugby</a>. Uno serve the university and Kingsthorpe area as well as Rectory Farm, Abington and Sixfields. <a href="/wiki/National_Express_Coaches" title="National Express Coaches">National Express</a> also operates in Northampton, covering routes between major towns and cities in the United Kingdom. Buses used to be operated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton_Corporation_Transport&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Northampton Corporation Transport (page does not exist)">Northampton Corporation Transport</a> and then, since the privatization of buses in the 1980s. <a href="/wiki/FirstGroup" title="FirstGroup">FirstGroup</a> operated them until the 2010s and<a href="#cite_note-150">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arriva" title="Arriva">Arriva</a> operate 2 services around the town<a href="#cite_note-151">[149]</a> (33 and 33x) Northampton is the terminus of an arm of the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Union_Canal" title="Grand Union Canal">Grand Union Canal</a>, which connects to the <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a> and from that to the <a href="/wiki/River_Great_Ouse" title="River Great Ouse">River Great Ouse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. No longer used for freight, the waterway is now popular with anglers and <a href="/wiki/Narrowboat" title="Narrowboat">narrowboaters</a>. Principal outlying villages on the canal include <a href="/wiki/Gayton,_Northamptonshire" title="Gayton, Northamptonshire">Gayton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blisworth" title="Blisworth">Blisworth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Braunston" title="Braunston">Braunston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Stoke_Bruerne" title="Stoke Bruerne">Stoke Bruerne</a>. Northampton once had a <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Street_Tramways" title="Northampton Street Tramways">horse-drawn tramway</a> which opened in 1881. The system was extended in stages and taken over by the council in 1897 and named <a href="/wiki/Northampton_Corporation_Tramways" title="Northampton Corporation Tramways">Northampton Corporation Tramways</a>. It was electrified in 1904, but closed in 1934 mainly as a result of competition from motor buses which were introduced in 1929. Two of the original tram shelters are preserved: one at the Racecourse park and another in Kingsthorpe opposite the Cock Hotel.<a href="#cite_note-152">[150]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> The first <a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton_(thirteenth_century)" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Northampton (thirteenth century)">University of Northampton</a> was established by <a href="/wiki/Royal_charter" title="Royal charter">royal charter</a> by King Henry III in 1261,<a href="#cite_note-Leach2010-153">[151]</a> and started to rival the universities in <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cambridge" title="University of Cambridge">Cambridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">Oxford</a>, with their students migrating to the Northampton establishment.<a href="#cite_note-154">[152]</a> This university was dissolved by King Henry III in 1265, in revenge of its students siding with the rebellious barons in the Battle of Northampton (1264).<a href="#cite_note-Cobban2002-155">[153]</a> Henry III was also advised by bishops and magnates that it posed a threat to Oxford, and signed a Royal Decree which banned the establishment of a university in Northampton.<a href="#cite_note-156">[154]</a> This was eventually repealed and the university's name was revived in 2005 when the unconnected University College Northampton, which was founded in 1924, was upgraded to full university status and renamed the University of Northampton.<a href="#cite_note-157">[155]</a> This is the only <a href="/wiki/Higher_education" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher education">higher education</a> (HE) establishment in the town and offers courses from foundation and undergraduate levels to postgraduate, professional and doctoral qualifications. The university is made of up six schools: Business, Education, Health, Science and Technology, Social Sciences and The Arts. The university was originally spread over two campuses across the town, but moved to its new £330 million waterside campus by the River Nene in the town centre in 2018. Northampton's only <a href="/wiki/Further_education" title="Further education">further education</a> (FE) college is <a href="/wiki/Northampton_College" title="Northampton College">Northampton College</a>, one of the largest FE colleges in the South Midlands, which has two campuses across the town, offering vocational courses, <a href="/wiki/GCSE" title="GCSE">GCSEs</a> and <a href="/wiki/GCE_Advanced_Level_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="GCE Advanced Level in the United Kingdom">A Levels</a>. <a href="/wiki/Moulton_College" title="Moulton College">Moulton College</a> is another FE college just north of Northampton which provides many vocational courses, specialising in land-based subjects, sports and construction. In collaboration with the University of Northampton, both colleges also offer some HE programmes. There are 50 <a href="/wiki/Primary_school" title="Primary school">primary schools</a> and 8 <a href="/wiki/Secondary_school" title="Secondary school">secondary schools</a> in the town. Until 2004, Northamptonshire operated a three-tier system in education of lower, middle and upper schools. In 2001, the move to a two-tier system to primary and secondary schools began, aimed at improving educational standards.<a href="#cite_note-158">[156]</a> Some of its successful secondary schools include <a href="/wiki/Northampton_School_for_Boys" title="Northampton School for Boys">Northampton School for Boys</a>, which became the top performing comprehensive school in the country in 2007,<a href="#cite_note-159">[157]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Northampton_School_for_Girls" title="Northampton School for Girls">Northampton School for Girls</a>, the first school in England to gain Specialist Music College status.<a href="#cite_note-BBCEdEd-160">[158]</a> An average of 55% of students in Northampton achieved five A*-C grades at GCSE in 2015, above the government's benchmark of 40%.<a href="#cite_note-161">[159]</a> There are also 5 <a href="/wiki/Special_schools" class="mw-redirect" title="Special schools">special schools</a> in the town. <a href="/wiki/Northampton_High_School,_England" title="Northampton High School, England">Northampton High School</a> is an independent school for girls. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Notable people">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Northampton" title="List of people from Northampton">List of people from Northampton</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Twin_towns">Twin towns</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Twin towns">edit</a>]</div> Northampton is <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with:<a href="#cite_note-162">[160]</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marburg" title="Marburg">Marburg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>, Germany</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poitiers" title="Poitiers">Poitiers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vienne_(department)" title="Vienne (department)">Vienne</a>, France</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Freedom_of_the_Borough">Freedom of the Borough</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Freedom of the Borough">edit</a>]</div> The following people, military units, and organisations have received the <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">Freedom of the Borough</a> of Northampton. <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (July 2020)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Individuals">Individuals</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Individuals">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>General <a href="/wiki/Henry_Horne,_1st_Baron_Horne" title="Henry Horne, 1st Baron Horne">Henry Horne, 1st Baron Horne</a>: 1919.<a href="#cite_note-163">[161]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diana,_Princess_of_Wales" title="Diana, Princess of Wales">Diana, Princess of Wales</a>: 8 June 1989.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Arnold" title="Malcolm Arnold">Sir Malcolm Arnold</a>: 1989.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chantelle_Cameron" title="Chantelle Cameron">Chantelle Cameron</a>: 12 December 2023.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Courtney_Lawes" title="Courtney Lawes">Courtney Lawes</a>: 12 December 2023.</li></ul> <a href="#cite_note-164">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-165">[163]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Military_units">Military units</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Military units">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>Northampton Unit <a href="/wiki/Sea_Cadet_Corps_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sea Cadet Corps (United Kingdom)">Sea Cadet Corps</a>: 26 March 2012.<a href="#cite_note-166">[164]</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/9th/12th_Royal_Lancers" title="9th/12th Royal Lancers">9th/12th Royal Lancers</a>: 5 November 2012.<a href="#cite_note-167">[165]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Organisations_and_groups">Organisations and groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Organisations and groups">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NHS_trust" title="NHS trust">NHS trust</a> Northampton: 17 June 2020.<a href="#cite_note-168">[166]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/32px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/64px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Areas_of_Northampton" title="Category:Areas of Northampton">Districts of Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nene#Easter_1998_floods" title="River Nene">Flooding in Weedon Road, St James and Far Cotton around Easter 1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Northamptonshire#Northampton" title="Grade I listed buildings in Northamptonshire">Grade I listed buildings in Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Northampton" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Northampton">Grade II* listed buildings in Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HMS_Laforey_(G99)" title="HMS Laforey (G99)">HMS Laforey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Corporation_Tramways" title="Northampton Corporation Tramways">Northampton Corporation Tramways</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_%26_Derngate" title="Royal & Derngate">Royal & Derngate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Church,_Northampton" title="St Peter's Church, Northampton">St Peter's Church, Northampton</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citypopulation.de/en/uk/cities/ua/">"UNITED KINGDOM: Countries and Major Urban Areas"</a>. citypopulation.de. 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Retrieved 29 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Timeline+%26%23124%3B+History+of+the+Northampton+Market+Square+%26%23124%3B+Northampton+Borough+Council&rft.pub=Northampton.gov.uk&rft.date=2011-12-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northampton.gov.uk%2Finfo%2F200242%2Fmarket%2F1144%2Fhistory_of_the_northampton_market_square&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224102957/http://www.northamptonshiretimeline.com/scene/1675reets-great-fire-of-northampton/">"More Information"</a>. The Northamptonshire Timeline. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northamptonshiretimeline.com/scene/1675reets-great-fire-of-northampton/">the original</a> on 24 December 2013. Retrieved 29 August 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=More+Information&rft.pub=The+Northamptonshire+Timeline&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northamptonshiretimeline.com%2Fscene%2F1675reets-great-fire-of-northampton%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131224113758/http://www.northamptonshiretimeline.com/scene/1678-sessions-house/">"1678 AD: Sessions House and County Hall in George Row Completed – More Information | Tudors & Stuarts"</a>. 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Northamptonshire Family History Society. 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northampton%3A+Home+of+the+First+Water-Driven+Cotton+Mill&rft.pub=Northamptonshire+Family+History+Society&rft.date=2017&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northants-fhs.org%2Fnorthampton-home-of-the-first-water-driven-cotton-mill%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWadsworthMann1931" class="citation book cs1">Wadsworth, Alfred P.; Mann, Julia De Lacy (1931). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5NVRAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA433">The Cotton Trade and Industrial Lancashire, 1600–1780</a>. Manchester: Manchester University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cotton+Trade+and+Industrial+Lancashire%2C+1600%E2%80%931780&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1931&rft.aulast=Wadsworth&rft.aufirst=Alfred+P.&rft.au=Mann%2C+Julia+De+Lacy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5NVRAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA433&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/parliamentarypa98commgoog/parliamentarypa98commgoog_djvu.txt">"Parliamentary accounts and papers"</a>. UK Parliament. 23 July 1847. Retrieved 9 December 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliamentary+accounts+and+papers&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft.date=1847-07-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fparliamentarypa98commgoog%2Fparliamentarypa98commgoog_djvu.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeleux198454-39"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeleux198454_39-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeleux1984">Leleux (1984)</a>, p. 54. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLeleux1984 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison2009" class="citation news cs1">Harrison, Chaz (11 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/local/northampton/hi/people_and_places/history/newsid_8195000/8195170.stm">"Ever wondered what lies beneath?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a>. Retrieved 30 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Ever+wondered+what+lies+beneath%3F&rft.date=2009-08-11&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=Chaz&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Flocal%2Fnorthampton%2Fhi%2Fpeople_and_places%2Fhistory%2Fnewsid_8195000%2F8195170.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBuilding_Design_Partnership2006" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Building_Design_Partnership" title="Building Design Partnership">Building Design Partnership</a> (November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724050004/http://www.northampton.gov.uk/downloads/NPTONCentralArea1-21.pdf">"Northampton Central Area Design, development and movement framework (Final Report)"</a> (PDF). para. 2.15. 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Retrieved 30 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northampton+Central+Area+Design%2C+development+and+movement+framework+%28Final+Report%29&rft.pages=para.+2.15&rft.date=2006-11&rft.au=Building+Design+Partnership&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northampton.gov.uk%2Fdownloads%2FNPTONCentralArea1-21.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEQuick2009295-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEQuick2009295_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFQuick2009">Quick (2009)</a>, p. 295. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFQuick2009 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeleux198456-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeleux198456_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLeleux1984">Leleux (1984)</a>, p. 56. sfnp error: no target: CITEREFLeleux1984 (<a href="/wiki/Category:Harv_and_Sfn_template_errors" title="Category:Harv and Sfn template errors">help</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEButt1995173-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEButt1995173_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFButt1995">Butt (1995)</a>, p. 173. </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman_and_Rajczonek1988" class="citation book cs1">Coleman and Rajczonek, Richard and Joe (1988). 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BBC News. 3 February 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Fifty+years+since+a+plan+that+transformed+Northampton&rft.date=2015-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-northamptonshire-31110173&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MillenniumLeakAngers-50"><a href="#cite_ref-MillenniumLeakAngers_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/669580.stm">"Millennium city leak angers bookies"</a>. BBC. 7 March 2000. Retrieved 15 October 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Millennium+city+leak+angers+bookies&rft.date=2000-03-07&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk%2F669580.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-MillenniumWinnersNamed-51"><a href="#cite_ref-MillenniumWinnersNamed_51-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk/1074434.stm">"City winners named"</a>. BBC. 18 December 2000. 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BBC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northampton%27s+oldest+building&rft.pub=BBC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnorthamptonshire%2Fcontent%2Farticles%2F2007%2F06%2F19%2Fchurch_of_the_holy_sepulchre_feature.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171026134551/http://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/northampton-castle-remains-revealed-in-pictures-1-4671880">"Northampton Castle remains revealed in pictures - Northampton Chronicle and Echo"</a>. 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Retrieved 16 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Radio+Northampton&rft.atitle=Freedom+of+Northampton+for+Chantelle+Cameron+and+Courtney+Lawes&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft.aulast=Heath&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-northamptonshire-67695013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="#cite_ref-165">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVickers2023" class="citation web cs1">Vickers, Tom (12 December 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/people/two-northampton-sporting-icons-honoured-to-be-awarded-freedom-of-the-town-4443095">"Two Northampton sporting icons 'honoured' to be awarded Freedom of the Town"</a>. The Northampton Chronicle and Echo. Retrieved 16 December 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Northampton+Chronicle+and+Echo&rft.atitle=Two+Northampton+sporting+icons+%27honoured%27+to+be+awarded+Freedom+of+the+Town&rft.date=2023-12-12&rft.aulast=Vickers&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.northamptonchron.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fpeople%2Ftwo-northampton-sporting-icons-honoured-to-be-awarded-freedom-of-the-town-4443095&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180627090952/https://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/northampton-sea-cadets-granted-freedom-of-the-borough-1-3665936">"Northampton Sea Cadets granted freedom of the borough"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/news/northampton-sea-cadets-granted-freedom-of-the-borough-1-3665936">the original</a> on 27 June 2018. Retrieved 1 July 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Northampton+Sea+Cadets+granted+freedom+of+the+borough&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northamptonchron.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fnorthampton-sea-cadets-granted-freedom-of-the-borough-1-3665936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-northamptonshire-20204408">"Lancers parade after Afghan tour"</a>. BBC News. 5 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Lancers+parade+after+Afghan+tour&rft.date=2012-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-northamptonshire-20204408&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-northamptonshire-53078548">"Town grants 'Freedom of the Borough' to NHS"</a>. BBC News. 17 June 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Town+grants+%27Freedom+of+the+Borough%27+to+NHS&rft.date=2020-06-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-northamptonshire-53078548&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButt1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Raymond_Butt" title="Raymond Butt">Butt, R. V. J.</a> (October 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IwANAAAACAAJ">The Directory of Railway Stations: details every public and private passenger station, halt, platform and stopping place, past and present</a> (1st ed.). <a href="/wiki/Sparkford" title="Sparkford">Sparkford</a>: Patrick Stephens Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-508-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85260-508-7"><bdi>978-1-85260-508-7</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/60251199">60251199</a>. <a href="/wiki/OL_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OL (identifier)">OL</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/books/OL11956311M">11956311M</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Directory+of+Railway+Stations%3A+details+every+public+and+private+passenger+station%2C+halt%2C+platform+and+stopping+place%2C+past+and+present&rft.place=Sparkford&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Patrick+Stephens+Ltd&rft.date=1995-10&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F60251199&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fopenlibrary.org%2Fbooks%2FOL11956311M%23id-name%3DOL&rft.isbn=978-1-85260-508-7&rft.aulast=Butt&rft.aufirst=R.+V.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIwANAAAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANorthampton" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Northampton&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Northampton" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Northampton">Northampton</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Northampton_(England)#Q192240" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Northampton (England)">Northampton</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.northamptontowncouncil.gov.uk/">Northampton Town Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.westnorthants.gov.uk/">West Northamptonshire Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northamptonchron.co.uk/">Northampton Chronicle & Echo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://maps.nls.uk/geo/find/#zoom=13&lat=52.23084&lon=-0.88081&layers=102&b=1&z=1&point=52.23818,-0.89587">Historic OS maps of Northampton</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Northampton" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northampton" title="Template:Northampton"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northampton" title="Template talk:Northampton"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northampton" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northampton"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Northampton" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northampton</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Suburbs and villages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abington,_Northamptonshire" title="Abington, Northamptonshire">Abington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billing,_Northamptonshire" title="Billing, Northamptonshire">Billing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collingtree" title="Collingtree">Collingtree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collingtree_Park" title="Collingtree Park">Collingtree Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cotton_End,_Northampton" title="Cotton End, Northampton">Cotton End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dallington,_Northamptonshire" title="Dallington, Northamptonshire">Dallington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duston" title="Duston">Duston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Hunsbury" title="East Hunsbury">East Hunsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_Cotton" title="Far Cotton">Far Cotton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Houghton,_Northamptonshire" title="Great Houghton, Northamptonshire">Great Houghton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hardingstone" title="Hardingstone">Hardingstone</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hunsbury_Meadows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hunsbury Meadows (page does not exist)">Hunsbury Meadows</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingsthorpe" title="Kingsthorpe">Kingsthorpe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lumbertubs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lumbertubs (page does not exist)">Lumbertubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moulton,_Northamptonshire" title="Moulton, Northamptonshire">Moulton</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Duston&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Duston (page does not exist)">New Duston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen%27s_Park,_Northampton" title="Queen's Park, Northampton">Queen's Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Round_Spinney" title="Round Spinney">Round Spinney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixfields" title="Sixfields">Sixfields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._James_End,_Northampton" title="St. James End, Northampton">St. James End</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upton,_Northamptonshire" title="Upton, Northamptonshire">Upton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Hunsbury" title="West Hunsbury">West Hunsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston_Favell" title="Weston Favell">Weston Favell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wootton,_Northamptonshire" title="Wootton, Northamptonshire">Wootton</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:NorthamptonshireNorthampton.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/NorthamptonshireNorthampton.png/120px-NorthamptonshireNorthampton.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/NorthamptonshireNorthampton.png/180px-NorthamptonshireNorthampton.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/0d/NorthamptonshireNorthampton.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="222" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Governance</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Electoral_district" title="Electoral district">Constituencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton North (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton North</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Northampton South (UK Parliament constituency)">Northampton South</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Northamptonshire_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="South Northamptonshire (UK Parliament constituency)">South Northamptonshire</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Borough_Council" title="Northampton Borough Council">Northampton Borough Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_County_Council" title="Northamptonshire County Council">Northamptonshire County Council</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places of interest</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/78_Derngate" title="78 Derngate">78 Derngate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Saints%27_Church,_Northampton" title="All Saints' Church, Northampton">All Saints' Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_Doddridge#Doddridge_United_Reformed_Church" title="Philip Doddridge">Doddridge United Reformed Church (1695)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delapr%C3%A9_Abbey" title="Delapré Abbey">Delapré Abbey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Lift_Tower" title="National Lift Tower">National Lift Tower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holy_Sepulchre,_Northampton" title="The Holy Sepulchre, Northampton">The Holy Sepulchre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Castle" title="Northampton Castle">Northampton Castle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Cathedral" title="Northampton Cathedral">Northampton Cathedral</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Guildhall" title="Northampton Guildhall">Northampton Guildhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Northampton Museum and Art Gallery">Northampton Museum and Art Gallery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Entertainment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roadmender_(nightclub)" title="Roadmender (nightclub)">The Roadmender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_%26_Derngate" title="Royal & Derngate">Royal & Derngate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Quarter,_Northampton" title="Cultural Quarter, Northampton">Cultural Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sol_Northampton" title="Sol Northampton">Sol Central</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixfields" title="Sixfields">Sixfields</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Shopping</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grosvenor_Centre" title="Grosvenor Centre">Grosvenor Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weston_Favell_Shopping_Centre" title="Weston Favell Shopping Centre">Weston Favell Shopping Centre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Parks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abington_Park" title="Abington Park">Abington Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billing_Aquadrome" title="Billing Aquadrome">Billing Aquadrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hunsbury_Hill" title="Hunsbury Hill">Hunsbury Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Racecourse,_Northampton" title="The Racecourse, Northampton">The Racecourse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victoria_Park,_Northampton" title="Victoria Park, Northampton">Victoria Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Balloon_Festival" title="Northampton Balloon Festival">Northampton Balloon Festival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Carnival" title="Northampton Carnival">Northampton Carnival</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St_Crispin_Street_Fair" title="St Crispin Street Fair">St Crispin Street Fair</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_College" title="Northampton College">Northampton College</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/University_of_Northampton" title="University of Northampton">University of Northampton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Sport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teams</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_ON_Chenecks_F.C." title="Northampton ON Chenecks F.C.">Northampton ON Chenecks FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Saints" title="Northampton Saints">Northampton Saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Sileby_Rangers_F.C." title="Northampton Sileby Rangers F.C.">Northampton Sileby Rangers FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Spencer_F.C." title="Northampton Spencer F.C.">Northampton Spencer FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_Town_F.C." title="Northampton Town F.C.">Northampton Town FC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire_County_Cricket_Club" title="Northamptonshire County Cricket Club">Northamptonshire County Cricket Club</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Venues</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_Cricket_Ground,_Northampton" title="County Cricket Ground, Northampton">County Cricket Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franklin%27s_Gardens" title="Franklin's Gardens">Franklin's Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixfields_Stadium" title="Sixfields Stadium">Sixfields Stadium</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left;">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A43_road" title="A43 road">A43 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A45_road" title="A45 road">A45 road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arriva_Herts_%26_Essex" title="Arriva Herts & Essex">Arriva Herts & Essex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avanti_West_Coast" title="Avanti West Coast">Avanti West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Union_Canal" title="Grand Union Canal">Grand Union Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Gate_bus_station" title="North Gate bus station">North Gate bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greyfriars_bus_station" title="Greyfriars bus station">Greyfriars bus station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Northampton" title="First Northampton">First Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M1_motorway" title="M1 motorway">M1 motorway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northampton_railway_station" title="Northampton railway station">Northampton railway station</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stagecoach_Midlands" title="Stagecoach Midlands">Stagecoach Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Midlands_Trains" title="West Midlands Trains">West Midlands Trains</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">England Portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Northamptonshire" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Northamptonshire">WikiProject Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:United_Kingdom" title="Portal:United Kingdom">United Kingdom Portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Northamptonshire" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Northamptonshire" title="Template:Northamptonshire"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Northamptonshire" title="Template talk:Northamptonshire"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Northamptonshire" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Northamptonshire"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Northamptonshire" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unitary authorities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements (cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brackley" title="Brackley">Brackley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_Latimer" title="Burton Latimer">Burton Latimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corby" title="Corby">Corby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daventry" title="Daventry">Daventry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desborough" title="Desborough">Desborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duston" title="Duston">Duston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finedon" title="Finedon">Finedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Higham_Ferrers" title="Higham Ferrers">Higham Ferrers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irthlingborough" title="Irthlingborough">Irthlingborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kettering" title="Kettering">Kettering</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oundle" title="Oundle">Oundle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raunds" title="Raunds">Raunds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rothwell,_Northamptonshire" title="Rothwell, Northamptonshire">Rothwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushden" title="Rushden">Rushden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrapston" title="Thrapston">Thrapston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Towcester" title="Towcester">Towcester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellingborough" title="Wellingborough">Wellingborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wootton,_Northamptonshire" title="Wootton, Northamptonshire">Wootton</a> See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Northamptonshire" title="List of civil parishes in Northamptonshire">List of civil parishes in Northamptonshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Avon,_Warwickshire" title="River Avon, Warwickshire">River Avon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Cherwell" title="River Cherwell">River Cherwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Great_Ouse" title="River Great Ouse">River Great Ouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Brook" title="Harper's Brook">Harper's Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Ise" title="River Ise">River Ise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rains_Brook" title="Rains Brook">Rains Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tove" title="River Tove">River Tove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Welland" title="River Welland">River Welland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Willow_Brook_(River_Nene)" title="Willow Brook (River Nene)">Willow Brook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wootton_Brook" title="Wootton Brook">Wootton Brook</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Union_Canal" title="Grand Union Canal">Grand Union Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxford_Canal" title="Oxford Canal">Oxford Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Northamptonshire" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Northamptonshire">Parliamentary constituencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Northamptonshire" title="List of places in Northamptonshire">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Northamptonshire" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Northamptonshire">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Country_houses_in_Northamptonshire" title="Category:Country houses in Northamptonshire">Country houses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Northamptonshire" title="Flag of Northamptonshire">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Northamptonshire" title="Grade I listed buildings in Northamptonshire">Grade I buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Northamptonshire" title="Scheduled monuments in Northamptonshire">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Northamptonshire" title="History of Northamptonshire">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Northamptonshire" title="Lord Lieutenant of Northamptonshire">Lord Lieutenants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Northamptonshire" title="High Sheriff of Northamptonshire">High Sheriffs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Northamptonshire" title="List of museums in Northamptonshire">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soke_of_Peterborough" title="Soke of Peterborough">Soke of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Peterborough" title="Anglican Diocese of Peterborough">Diocese of Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rail_transport_in_Northamptonshire" title="Rail transport in Northamptonshire">Rail transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Settlements_on_the_River_Nene,_Source–_Wash" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:River_Nene" title="Template:River Nene"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:River_Nene" title="Template talk:River Nene"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:River_Nene" title="Special:EditPage/Template:River Nene"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Settlements_on_the_River_Nene,_Source–_Wash" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Settlements on the <a href="/wiki/River_Nene" title="River Nene">River Nene</a>, Source– <a href="/wiki/The_Wash" title="The Wash">Wash</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Badby" title="Badby">Badby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newnham,_Northamptonshire" title="Newnham, Northamptonshire">Newnham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dodford,_Northamptonshire" title="Dodford, Northamptonshire">Dodford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everdon" title="Everdon">Everdon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weedon_Bec" title="Weedon Bec">Weedon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flore,_Northamptonshire" title="Flore, Northamptonshire">Flore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nether_Heyford" title="Nether Heyford">Nether Heyford</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Northampton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellingborough" title="Wellingborough">Wellingborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irchester" title="Irchester">Little Irchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrapston" title="Thrapston">Thrapston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aldwincle" title="Aldwincle">Aldwincle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterborough" title="Peterborough">Peterborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whittlesey" title="Whittlesey">Whittlesey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benwick" title="Benwick">Benwick</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisbech" title="Wisbech">Wisbech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutton_Bridge" title="Sutton Bridge">Sutton Bridge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Districts_of_the_East_Midlands_region_of_England" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:East_Midlands" title="Template:East Midlands"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:East_Midlands" title="Template talk:East Midlands"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:East_Midlands" title="Special:EditPage/Template:East Midlands"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Districts_of_the_East_Midlands_region_of_England" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Districts</a> of the <a href="/wiki/East_Midlands" title="East Midlands">East Midlands region of England</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire" title="Derbyshire">Derbyshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amber_Valley" title="Amber Valley">Amber Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolsover_District" title="Bolsover District">Bolsover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Chesterfield" title="Borough of Chesterfield">Chesterfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derby" title="Derby">Derby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derbyshire_Dales" title="Derbyshire Dales">Derbyshire Dales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Erewash" title="Borough of Erewash">Erewash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Peak,_Derbyshire" title="High Peak, Derbyshire">High Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_East_Derbyshire" title="North East Derbyshire">North East Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Derbyshire" title="South Derbyshire">South Derbyshire</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/File:East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/145px-East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="145" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/218px-East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg/290px-East_Midlands_districts_2011_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="1305" /></a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Leicestershire" title="Leicestershire">Leicestershire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blaby_District" title="Blaby District">Blaby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Charnwood" title="Borough of Charnwood">Charnwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harborough_District" title="Harborough District">Harborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinckley_and_Bosworth" title="Hinckley and Bosworth">Hinckley and Bosworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leicester" title="Leicester">Leicester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Melton" title="Borough of Melton">Melton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_West_Leicestershire" title="North West Leicestershire">North West Leicestershire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oadby_and_Wigston" title="Oadby and Wigston">Oadby and Wigston</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire" title="Lincolnshire">Lincolnshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Boston" title="Borough of Boston">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Lindsey" title="East Lindsey">East Lindsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincoln,_England" title="Lincoln, England">Lincoln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Kesteven" title="North Kesteven">North Kesteven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Holland_District" title="South Holland District">South Holland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Kesteven" title="South Kesteven">South Kesteven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Lindsey" title="West Lindsey">West Lindsey</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nottinghamshire" title="Nottinghamshire">Nottinghamshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashfield_District" title="Ashfield District">Ashfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bassetlaw_District" title="Bassetlaw District">Bassetlaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Broxtowe" title="Borough of Broxtowe">Broxtowe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borough_of_Gedling" title="Borough of Gedling">Gedling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mansfield_District" title="Mansfield District">Mansfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newark_and_Sherwood" title="Newark and Sherwood">Newark and Sherwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nottingham" title="Nottingham">Nottingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rushcliffe" title="Rushcliffe">Rushcliffe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northamptonshire" title="Northamptonshire">Northamptonshire</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Northamptonshire" title="North Northamptonshire">North Northamptonshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Northamptonshire" title="West Northamptonshire">West Northamptonshire</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Rutland" title="Rutland">Rutland</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px 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