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forward</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: forward"> <meta name="keywords" content="forward"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler ml-auto" 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class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="forward"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1189</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: forward</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1189</span> An Approaching Index to Evaluate a forward Collision Probability</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Lin%20Chen">Yuan-Lin Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents an approaching forward collision probability index (AFCPI) for alerting and assisting driver in keeping safety distance to avoid the forward collision accident in highway driving. The time to collision (TTC) and time headway (TH) are used to evaluate the TTC forward collision probability index (TFCPI) and the TH forward collision probability index (HFCPI), respectively. The Mamdani fuzzy inference algorithm is presented combining TFCPI and HFCPI to calculate the approaching collision probability index of the vehicle. The AFCPI is easier to understand for the driver who did not even have any professional knowledge in vehicle professional field. At the same time, the driver’s behavior is taken into account for suiting each driver. For the approaching index, the value 0 is indicating the 0% probability of forward collision, and the values 0.5 and 1 are indicating the 50% and 100% probabilities of forward collision, respectively. The AFCPI is useful and easy-to-understand for alerting driver to avoid the forward collision accidents when driving in highway. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=approaching%20index" title="approaching index">approaching index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20collision%20probability" title=" forward collision probability"> forward collision probability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20to%20collision" title=" time to collision"> time to collision</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=time%20headway" title=" time headway"> time headway</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74855/an-approaching-index-to-evaluate-a-forward-collision-probability" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/74855.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">293</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1188</span> Max-Entropy Feed-Forward Clustering Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Bookman">Xiaohan Bookman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Zhu"> Xiaoyan Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The outputs of non-linear feed-forward neural network are positive, which could be treated as probability when they are normalized to one. If we take Entropy-Based Principle into consideration, the outputs for each sample could be represented as the distribution of this sample for different clusters. Entropy-Based Principle is the principle with which we could estimate the unknown distribution under some limited conditions. As this paper defines two processes in Feed-Forward Neural Network, our limited condition is the abstracted features of samples which are worked out in the abstraction process. And the final outputs are the probability distribution for different clusters in the clustering process. As Entropy-Based Principle is considered into the feed-forward neural network, a clustering method is born. We have conducted some experiments on six open UCI data sets, comparing with a few baselines and applied purity as the measurement. The results illustrate that our method outperforms all the other baselines that are most popular clustering methods. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed-forward%20neural%20network" title="feed-forward neural network">feed-forward neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clustering" title=" clustering"> clustering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=max-entropy%20principle" title=" max-entropy principle"> max-entropy principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=probabilistic%20models" title=" probabilistic models "> probabilistic models </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26856/max-entropy-feed-forward-clustering-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26856.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1187</span> Margin-Based Feed-Forward Neural Network Classifiers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaohan%20Bookman">Xiaohan Bookman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiaoyan%20Zhu"> Xiaoyan Zhu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Margin-Based Principle has been proposed for a long time, it has been proved that this principle could reduce the structural risk and improve the performance in both theoretical and practical aspects. Meanwhile, feed-forward neural network is a traditional classifier, which is very hot at present with a deeper architecture. However, the training algorithm of feed-forward neural network is developed and generated from Widrow-Hoff Principle that means to minimize the squared error. In this paper, we propose a new training algorithm for feed-forward neural networks based on Margin-Based Principle, which could effectively promote the accuracy and generalization ability of neural network classifiers with less labeled samples and flexible network. We have conducted experiments on four UCI open data sets and achieved good results as expected. In conclusion, our model could handle more sparse labeled and more high-dimension data set in a high accuracy while modification from old ANN method to our method is easy and almost free of work. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Max-Margin%20Principle" title="Max-Margin Principle">Max-Margin Principle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Feed-Forward%20Neural%20Network" title=" Feed-Forward Neural Network"> Feed-Forward Neural Network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=classifier" title=" classifier"> classifier</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20risk" title=" structural risk"> structural risk</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27178/margin-based-feed-forward-neural-network-classifiers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27178.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1186</span> Decode and Forward Cooperative Protocol Enhancement Using Interference Cancellation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Siddeeq%20Y.%20Ameen">Siddeeq Y. Ameen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20K.%20Yousif"> Mohammed K. Yousif</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Cooperative communication systems are considered to be a promising technology to improve the system capacity, reliability and performances over fading wireless channels. Cooperative relaying system with a single antenna will be able to reach the advantages of multiple antenna communication systems. It is ideally suitable for the distributed communication systems; the relays can cooperate and form virtual MIMO systems. Thus the paper will aim to investigate the possible enhancement of cooperated system using decode and forward protocol. On decode and forward an attempt to cancel or at least reduce the interference instead of increasing the SNR values is achieved. The latter can be achieved via the use group of relays depending on the channel status from source to relay and relay to destination respectively. In the proposed system, the transmission time has been divided into two phases to be used by decode and forward protocol. The first phase has been allocated for the source to transmit its data whereas the relays and destination nodes are in receiving mode. On the other hand, the second phase is allocated for the first and second groups of relay nodes to relay the data to the destination node. Simulations results have shown an improvement in performance is achieved compared to the conventional decode and forward in terms of BER and transmission rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cooperative%20systems" title="cooperative systems">cooperative systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interference%20cancellation" title=" interference cancellation"> interference cancellation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=virtual%20MIMO" title=" virtual MIMO"> virtual MIMO</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5471/decode-and-forward-cooperative-protocol-enhancement-using-interference-cancellation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">323</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1185</span> Systematic and Simple Guidance for Feed Forward Design in Model Predictive Control</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shukri%20Dughman">Shukri Dughman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anthony%20Rossiter"> Anthony Rossiter</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper builds on earlier work which demonstrated that Model Predictive Control (MPC) may give a poor choice of default feed forward compensator. By first demonstrating the impact of future information of target changes on the performance, this paper proposes a pragmatic method for identifying the amount of future information on the target that can be utilised effectively in both finite and infinite horizon algorithms. Numerical illustrations in MATLAB give evidence of the efficacy of the proposal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20predictive%20control" title="model predictive control">model predictive control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tracking%20control" title=" tracking control"> tracking control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=advance%20knowledge" title=" advance knowledge"> advance knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=feed%20forward" title=" feed forward"> feed forward</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36567/systematic-and-simple-guidance-for-feed-forward-design-in-model-predictive-control" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/36567.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">547</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1184</span> Energy Balance Routing to Enhance Network Performance in Wireless Sensor Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20Baraneedaran">G. Baraneedaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deepak%20Singh"> Deepak Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kollipara%20Tejesh"> Kollipara Tejesh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The wireless sensors network has been an active research area over the y-ear passed. Due to the limited energy and communication ability of sensor nodes, it seems especially important to design a routing protocol for WSNs so that sensing data can be transmitted to the receiver effectively, an energy-balanced routing method based on forward-aware factor (FAF-EBRM) is proposed in this paper. In FAF-EBRM, the next-hop node is selected according to the awareness of link weight and forward energy density. A spontaneous reconstruction mechanism for Local topology is designed additionally. In this experiment, FAF-EBRM is compared with LEACH and EECU, experimental results show that FAF-EBRM outperforms LEACH and EECU, which balances the energy consumption, prolongs the function lifetime and guarantees high Qos of WSN. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20balance" title="energy balance">energy balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward-aware%20factor%20%28FAF%29" title=" forward-aware factor (FAF)"> forward-aware factor (FAF)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20energy%20density" title=" forward energy density"> forward energy density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=link%20weight" title=" link weight"> link weight</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=network%20performance" title=" network performance "> network performance </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30161/energy-balance-routing-to-enhance-network-performance-in-wireless-sensor-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/30161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">540</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1183</span> The Comparison of Backward and Forward Running Program on Balance Development and Plantar Flexion Force in Pre Seniors: Healthy Approach</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Neda%20Dekamei">Neda Dekamei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mostafa%20Sarabzadeh"> Mostafa Sarabzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Masoumeh%20Bigdeli"> Masoumeh Bigdeli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Backward running is commonly used in different sports conditioning, motor learning, and neurological purposes, and even more commonly in physical rehabilitation. The present study evaluated the effects of six weeks backward and forward running methods on balance promotion adaptation in students. 12 male and female preseniors with the age range of 45-60 years participated and were randomly classified into two groups of backward running (n: 6) and forward running (n: 6) training interventions. During six weeks, 3 sessions per week, all subjects underwent stated different models of backward and forward running training on treadmill (65-80 of HR max). Pre and post-tests were performed by force plate and electromyogram, two times before and after intervention. Data were analyzed using by T test. On the basis of obtained data, significant differences were recorded on balance and plantar flexion force in backward running (BR) and no difference for forward running (FR). It seems the training model of backward running can generate more stimulus to achieve better plantar flexion force and strengthening ankle protectors which leads to balance improvement in pre aging period. It can be recommended as an effective method to promote seniors life quality especially in balance neuromuscular parameters. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=backward%20running" title="backward running">backward running</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=balance" title=" balance"> balance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plantar%20flexion" title=" plantar flexion"> plantar flexion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pre%20seniors" title=" pre seniors"> pre seniors</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85393/the-comparison-of-backward-and-forward-running-program-on-balance-development-and-plantar-flexion-force-in-pre-seniors-healthy-approach" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85393.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1182</span> Forward Speed and Draught Requirement of a Semi-Automatic Cassava Planter under Different Wheel Usage</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ale%20M.%20O.">Ale M. O.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manuwa%20S.%20I."> Manuwa S. I.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Olukunle%20O.%20J."> Olukunle O. J.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ewetumo%20T."> Ewetumo T.</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Five varying speeds of 1.5, 1.8, 2.1, 2.3, and 2.6 km/h were used at a constant soil depth of 100 mm to determine the effects of forward speed on the draught requirement of a semi-automatic cassava planter under the pneumatic wheel and rigid wheel usage on a well prepared sandy clay loam soil. The soil draught was electronically measured using an on-the-go soil draught measuring instrumentation system developed for the purpose of this research. The results showed an exponential relationship between forward speed and draught, in which draught ranging between 24.91 and 744.44N increased with an increase in forward speed in the rigid wheel experiment. This is contrary to the polynomial relationship observed in the pneumatic wheel experiment in which the draught varied between 96.09 and 343.53 N. It was observed in the experiments that the optimum speed of 1.5 km/h had the least values of draught in both the pneumatic wheel and rigid wheel experiments, with higher values in the pneumatic experiment. It was generally noted that the rigid wheel planter with less value of draught requires less energy required for operation. It is therefore concluded that operating the semi-automatic cassava planter with rigid wheels will be more economical for cassava farmers than operating the planter with pneumatic wheels. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cassava%20planter" title="Cassava planter">Cassava planter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=planting" title=" planting"> planting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20speed" title=" forward speed"> forward speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=draught" title=" draught"> draught</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheel%20type" title=" wheel type"> wheel type</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156326/forward-speed-and-draught-requirement-of-a-semi-automatic-cassava-planter-under-different-wheel-usage" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/156326.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">96</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1181</span> Co-Integrated Commodity Forward Pricing Model </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=F.%20Boudet">F. Boudet</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Galano"> V. Galano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Gmira"> D. Gmira</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Munoz"> L. Munoz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Reina"> A. Reina</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Commodities pricing needs a specific approach as they are often linked to each other and so are expectedly doing their prices. They are called co-integrated when at least one stationary linear combination exists between them. Though widespread in economic literature, and even if many equilibrium relations and co-movements exist in the economy, this principle of co-movement is not developed in derivatives field. The present study focuses on the following problem: How can the price of a forward agreement on a commodity be simulated, when it is co-integrated with other ones? Theoretical analysis is developed from Gibson-Schwartz model and an analytical solution is given for short maturities contracts and under risk-neutral conditions. The application has been made to crude oil and heating oil energy commodities and result confirms the applicability of proposed method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=co-integration" title="co-integration">co-integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commodities" title=" commodities"> commodities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20pricing" title=" forward pricing"> forward pricing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gibson-Schwartz" title=" Gibson-Schwartz"> Gibson-Schwartz</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9735/co-integrated-commodity-forward-pricing-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9735.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">284</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1180</span> Valuation of Caps and Floors in a LIBOR Market Model with Markov Jump Risks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shih-Kuei%20Lin">Shih-Kuei Lin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The characterization of the arbitrage-free dynamics of interest rates is developed in this study under the presence of Markov jump risks, when the term structure of the interest rates is modeled through simple forward rates. We consider Markov jump risks by allowing randomness in jump sizes, independence between jump sizes and jump times. The Markov jump diffusion model is used to capture empirical phenomena and to accurately describe interest jump risks in a financial market. We derive the arbitrage-free model of simple forward rates under the spot measure. Moreover, the analytical pricing formulas for a cap and a floor are derived under the forward measure when the jump size follows a lognormal distribution. In our empirical analysis, we find that the LIBOR market model with Markov jump risk better accounts for changes from/to different states and different rates. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arbitrage-free" title="arbitrage-free">arbitrage-free</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cap%20and%20floor" title=" cap and floor"> cap and floor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markov%20jump%20diffusion%20model" title=" Markov jump diffusion model"> Markov jump diffusion model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simple%20forward%20rate%20model" title=" simple forward rate model"> simple forward rate model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volatility%20smile" title=" volatility smile"> volatility smile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EM%20algorithm" title=" EM algorithm"> EM algorithm</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11690/valuation-of-caps-and-floors-in-a-libor-market-model-with-markov-jump-risks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/11690.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">421</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1179</span> Implemented Cascade with Feed Forward by Enthalpy Balance Superheated Steam Temperature Control for a Boiler with Distributed Control System</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kanpop%20Saion">Kanpop Saion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sakreya%20Chitwong"> Sakreya Chitwong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Control of superheated steam temperature in the steam generation is essential for the efficiency safety and increment age of the boiler. Conventional cascade PID temperature control in the super heater is known to be efficient to compensate disturbance. However, the complex of thermal power plant due to nonlinearity, load disturbance and time delay of steam of superheater system is bigger than other control systems. The cascade loop with feed forward steam temperature control with energy balance compensator using thermodynamic model has been used for the compensation the complex structure of superheater. In order to improve the performance of steam temperature control. The experiment is implemented for 100% load steady and load changing state. The cascade with feed forward with energy balance steam temperature control has stabilized the system as well. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cascade%20with%20feed%20forward" title="cascade with feed forward">cascade with feed forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=boiler" title=" boiler"> boiler</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superheated%20steam%20temperature%20control" title=" superheated steam temperature control"> superheated steam temperature control</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=enthalpy%20balance" title=" enthalpy balance"> enthalpy balance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55760/implemented-cascade-with-feed-forward-by-enthalpy-balance-superheated-steam-temperature-control-for-a-boiler-with-distributed-control-system" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55760.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">307</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1178</span> Heat Transfer and Turbulent Fluid Flow over Vertical Double Forward-Facing Step</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tuqa%20Abdulrazzaq">Tuqa Abdulrazzaq</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hussein%20Togun"> Hussein Togun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20K.%20A.%20Ariffin"> M. K. A. Ariffin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20N.%20Kazi"> S. N. Kazi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Badarudin"> A. Badarudin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20M.%20Adam"> N. M. Adam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Masuri"> S. Masuri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerical study of heat transfer and fluid flow over vertical double forward facing step were presented. The k-w model with finite volume method was employed to solve continuity, momentum, and energy equations. Different step heights were adopted for range of Reynolds number varied from 10000 to 40000, and range of temperature varied from 310K to 340 K. The straight side of duct is insulated while the side of double forward facing step is heated. The result shows augmentation of heat transfer due to the recirculation region created after and before steps. Effect of step length and Reynolds number observed on increase of local Nusselt number particularly at recirculation regions. Contour of streamline velocity is plotted to show recirculation regions after and before steps. Numerical simulation in this paper done by used ANSYS Fluent 14. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=turbulent%20flow" title="turbulent flow">turbulent flow</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=double%20forward" title=" double forward"> double forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heat%20transfer" title=" heat transfer"> heat transfer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separation%20flow" title=" separation flow"> separation flow</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5255/heat-transfer-and-turbulent-fluid-flow-over-vertical-double-forward-facing-step" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/5255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">461</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1177</span> Scorbot-ER 4U Using Forward Kinematics Modelling and Analysis</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Maneetham">D. Maneetham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Sivhour"> L. Sivhour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Robotic arm manipulators are widely used to accomplish many kinds of tasks. SCORBOT-ER 4u is a 5-degree of freedom (DOF) vertical articulated educational robotic arm, and all joints are revolute. It is specifically designed to perform pick and place task with its gripper. The pick and place task consists of consideration of the end effector coordinate of the robotic arm and the desired position coordinate in its workspace. This paper describes about forward kinematics modeling and analysis of the robotic end effector motion through joint space. The kinematics problems are defined by the transformation from the Cartesian space to the joint space. Denavit-Hartenberg (D-H) model is used in order to model the robotic links and joints with 4x4 homogeneous matrix. The forward kinematics model is also developed and simulated in MATLAB. The mathematical model is validated by using robotic toolbox in MATLAB. By using this method, it may be applicable to get the end effector coordinate of this robotic arm and other similar types to this arm. The software development of SCORBOT-ER 4u is also described here. PC-and EtherCAT based control technology from BECKHOFF is used to control the arm to express the pick and place task. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20kinematics" title="forward kinematics">forward kinematics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D-H%20model" title=" D-H model"> D-H model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=robotic%20toolbox" title=" robotic toolbox"> robotic toolbox</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PC-%20and%20EtherCAT-based%20control" title=" PC- and EtherCAT-based control"> PC- and EtherCAT-based control</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88479/scorbot-er-4u-using-forward-kinematics-modelling-and-analysis" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88479.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">179</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1176</span> Application of Forward Contract and Crop Insurance as Risk Management Tools of Agriculture: A Case Study in Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bokhtiar%20Hasan">M. Bokhtiar Hasan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Delowar%20Hossain"> M. Delowar Hossain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abu%20N.%20M.%20Wahid"> Abu N. M. Wahid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The principal aim of the study is to find out a way to effectively manage the agricultural risks like price volatility, weather risks, and fund shortage. To hedge price volatility, farmers sometimes make contracts with agro-traders but fail to protect themselves effectively due to not having legal framework for such contracts. The study extensively reviews existing literature and find evidence that the majority studies either deal with price volatility or weather risks. If we could address these risks through a single model, it would be more useful to both the farmers and traders. Intrinsically, the authors endeavor in this regard, and the key contribution of this study basically lies in it. Initially, we conduct a small survey aspiring to identify the shortcomings of existing contracts. Later, we propose a model encompassing forward and insurance contracts together where forward contract will be used to hedge price volatility and insurance contract will be used to protect weather risks. Contribution/Originality: The study adds to the existing literature through proposing an integrated model comprising of forward contract and crop insurance which will support both farmers and traders to cope with the agricultural risks like price volatility, weather hazards, and fund shortage. JEL Classifications: O13, Q13 <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agriculture" title="agriculture">agriculture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20contract" title=" forward contract"> forward contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insurance%20contract" title=" insurance contract"> insurance contract</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model" title=" model"> model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102284/application-of-forward-contract-and-crop-insurance-as-risk-management-tools-of-agriculture-a-case-study-in-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/102284.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">154</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1175</span> Synthesis and Performance of Polyamide Forward Osmosis Membrane for Natural Organic Matter (NOM) Removal</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20N.%20Abu%20Seman">M. N. Abu Seman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Kei"> L. M. Kei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20A.%20Yusoff"> M. A. Yusoff</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forward Osmosis (FO) polyamide thin-film composite membranes have been prepared by inter facial polymerization using commercial UF polyethersulfone as membrane support. Different inter facial polymerization times (10s, 30s and 60s) in the organic solution containing trimesoyl chloride (TMC) at constant m-phenylenediamine (MPD) concentration (2% w/v) were studied. The synthesized polyamide membranes then tested for treatment of natural organic matter (NOM) and compared to commercial Cellulose TriAcetate (CTA) membrane. It was found that membrane prepared with higher reaction time (30 s and 60 s) exhibited better membrane performance (flux and humic acid removal) over commercial CTA membrane. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20triacetate" title="cellulose triacetate">cellulose triacetate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20osmosis" title=" forward osmosis"> forward osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=humic%20acid" title=" humic acid"> humic acid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyamide" title=" polyamide"> polyamide</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19074/synthesis-and-performance-of-polyamide-forward-osmosis-membrane-for-natural-organic-matter-nom-removal" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/19074.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">491</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1174</span> Study on the Efficient Routing Algorithms in Delay-Tolerant Networks</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Si-Gwan%20Kim">Si-Gwan Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In Delay Tolerant Networks (DTN), there may not exist an end-to-end path between source and destination at the time of message transmission. Employing ‘Store Carry and Forward’ delivery mechanism for message transmission in such networks usually incurs long message delays. In this paper, we present the modified Binary Spray and Wait (BSW) routing protocol that enhances the performance of the original one. Our proposed algorithm adjusts the number of forward messages depending on the number of neighbor nodes. By using beacon messages periodically, the number of neighbor nodes can be managed. The simulation using ONE simulator results shows that our modified version gives higher delivery ratio and less latency as compared to BSW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=delay%20tolerant%20networks" title="delay tolerant networks">delay tolerant networks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=store%20carry%20and%20forward" title=" store carry and forward"> store carry and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=one%20simulator" title=" one simulator"> one simulator</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binary%20spray%20and%20wait" title=" binary spray and wait"> binary spray and wait</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97723/study-on-the-efficient-routing-algorithms-in-delay-tolerant-networks" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/97723.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1173</span> Comparison of Two Online Intervention Protocols on Reducing Habitual Upper Body Postures: A Randomized Trial</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Razieh%20Karimian">Razieh Karimian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Burton"> Kim Burton</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Mehdi%20Naghizadeh"> Mohammad Mehdi Naghizadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Karimian"> Maryam Karimian</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: Habitual upper body postures are associated with online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explored whether adding an exercise routine to an ergonomic advice intervention improves these postures. Methods: In this randomized trial, 42 male adolescent students with a forward head posture were randomly divided into two equal groups, one allocated to ergonomic advice alone and the other to ergonomic advice plus an exercise routine. The angles of forward head, shoulder, and back postures were measured with a photogrammetric profile technique before and after the 8-week intervention period. Findings: During home quarantine, 76% of the students used their mobile phones, while 35% used a table-chair-computer for online learning. While significant reductions of the forward, shoulder, and back angles were found in both groups (P < 0.001), the effect was significantly greater in the exercise group (P < 0.001: forward head, shoulder, and back angles reduced by some 9, 6, and 5 degrees respectively, compared with 4 degrees in the forward head, and 2 degrees in the shoulder and back angles for ergonomic advice alone. Conclusion: The exercise routine produced a greater improvement in habitual upper body postures than ergonomic advice alone, a finding that may extend beyond online learning at home. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=randomized%20trial" title="randomized trial">randomized trial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=online%20learning" title=" online learning"> online learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adolescent" title=" adolescent"> adolescent</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=posture" title=" posture"> posture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise" title=" exercise"> exercise</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ergonomic%20advice" title=" ergonomic advice"> ergonomic advice</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172382/comparison-of-two-online-intervention-protocols-on-reducing-habitual-upper-body-postures-a-randomized-trial" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/172382.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1172</span> Forward Stable Computation of Roots of Real Polynomials with Only Real Distinct Roots</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nevena%20Jakov%C4%8Devi%C4%87%20Stor">Nevena Jakovčević Stor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ivan%20Slapni%C4%8Dar"> Ivan Slapničar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Any polynomial can be expressed as a characteristic polynomial of a complex symmetric arrowhead matrix. This expression is not unique. If the polynomial is real with only real distinct roots, the matrix can be chosen as real. By using accurate forward stable algorithm for computing eigen values of real symmetric arrowhead matrices we derive a forward stable algorithm for computation of roots of such polynomials in O(n^2 ) operations. The algorithm computes each root to almost full accuracy. In some cases, the algorithm invokes extended precision routines, but only in the non-iterative part. Our examples include numerically difficult problems, like the well-known Wilkinson’s polynomials. Our algorithm compares favorably to other method for polynomial root-finding, like MPSolve or Newton’s method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=roots%20of%20polynomials" title="roots of polynomials">roots of polynomials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eigenvalue%20decomposition" title=" eigenvalue decomposition"> eigenvalue decomposition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=arrowhead%20matrix" title=" arrowhead matrix"> arrowhead matrix</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20relative%20accuracy" title=" high relative accuracy"> high relative accuracy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40100/forward-stable-computation-of-roots-of-real-polynomials-with-only-real-distinct-roots" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40100.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">417</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1171</span> A Closed-Loop Design Model for Sustainable Manufacturing by Integrating Forward Design and Reverse Design</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Jye%20Tseng">Yuan-Jye Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Shiuan%20Chen"> Yi-Shiuan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, a new concept of closed-loop design model is presented. The closed-loop design model is developed by integrating forward design and reverse design. Based on this new concept, a closed-loop design model for sustainable manufacturing by integrated evaluation of forward design, reverse design, and green manufacturing using a fuzzy analytic network process is developed. In the design stage of a product, with a given product requirement and objective, there can be different ways to design the detailed components and specifications. Therefore, there can be different design cases to achieve the same product requirement and objective. Thus, in the design evaluation stage, it is required to analyze and evaluate the different design cases. The purpose of this research is to develop a model for evaluating the design cases by integrated evaluation of forward design, reverse design, and green manufacturing models. A fuzzy analytic network process model is presented for integrated evaluation of the criteria in the three models. The comparison matrices for evaluating the criteria in the three groups are established. The total relational values among the three groups represent the total relational effects. In application, a super matrix can be created and the total relational values can be used to evaluate the design cases for decision-making to select the final design case. An example product is demonstrated in this presentation. It shows that the model is useful for integrated evaluation of forward design, reverse design, and green manufacturing to achieve a closed-loop design for sustainable manufacturing objective. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20evaluation" title="design evaluation">design evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20design" title=" forward design"> forward design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20design" title=" reverse design"> reverse design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20design" title=" closed-loop design"> closed-loop design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20supply%20chain" title=" closed-loop supply chain"> closed-loop supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuzzy%20analytic%20network%20process" title=" fuzzy analytic network process"> fuzzy analytic network process</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29523/a-closed-loop-design-model-for-sustainable-manufacturing-by-integrating-forward-design-and-reverse-design" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/29523.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">676</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1170</span> A New Dual Forward Affine Projection Adaptive Algorithm for Speech Enhancement in Airplane Cockpits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djendi%20Mohmaed">Djendi Mohmaed</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, we propose a dual adaptive algorithm, which is based on the combination between the forward blind source separation (FBSS) structure and the affine projection algorithm (APA). This proposed algorithm combines the advantages of the source separation properties of the FBSS structure and the fast convergence characteristics of the APA algorithm. The proposed algorithm needs two noisy observations to provide an enhanced speech signal. This process is done in a blind manner without the need for ant priori information about the source signals. The proposed dual forward blind source separation affine projection algorithm is denoted (DFAPA) and used for the first time in an airplane cockpit context to enhance the communication from- and to- the airplane. Intensive experiments were carried out in this sense to evaluate the performance of the proposed DFAPA algorithm. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adaptive%20algorithm" title="adaptive algorithm">adaptive algorithm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=speech%20enhancement" title=" speech enhancement"> speech enhancement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=system%20mismatch" title=" system mismatch"> system mismatch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SNR" title=" SNR"> SNR</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165920/a-new-dual-forward-affine-projection-adaptive-algorithm-for-speech-enhancement-in-airplane-cockpits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165920.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1169</span> Transient Enhanced LDO Voltage Regulator with Improved Feed Forward Path Compensation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Suresh">A. Suresh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sreehari%20Rao%20Patri"> Sreehari Rao Patri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20R.%20Krishnaprasad"> K. S. R. Krishnaprasad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An ultra low power capacitor less low-dropout voltage regulator with improved transient response using gain enhanced feed forward path compensation is presented in this paper. It is based on a cascade of a voltage amplifier and a transconductor stage in the feed forward path with regular error amplifier to form a composite gain-enhanced feed forward stage. It broadens the gain bandwidth and thus improves the transient response without substantial increase in power consumption. The proposed LDO, designed for a maximum output current of 100 mA in UMC 180 nm, requires a quiescent current of 69 µA. An undershoot of 153.79mV for a load current changes from 0mA to 100mA and an overshoot of 196.24mV for current change of 100mA to 0mA. The settling time is approximately 1.1 µs for the output voltage undershoot case. The load regulation is of 2.77 µV/mA at load current of 100mA. Reference voltage is generated by using an accurate band gap reference circuit of 0.8V.The costly features of SOC such as total chip area and power consumption is drastically reduced by the use of only a total compensation capacitance of 6pF while consuming power consumption of 0.096 mW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacitor-less%20LDO" title="capacitor-less LDO">capacitor-less LDO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=frequency%20compensation" title=" frequency compensation"> frequency compensation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transient%20response" title=" transient response"> transient response</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=latch" title=" latch"> latch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=self-biased%20differential%20amplifier" title=" self-biased differential amplifier "> self-biased differential amplifier </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15837/transient-enhanced-ldo-voltage-regulator-with-improved-feed-forward-path-compensation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15837.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">451</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1168</span> A New Resonance Solution to Suppress the Voltage Stresses in the Forward Topology Used in a Switch Mode Power Supply</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maamar%20Latroch">Maamar Latroch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Bourahla"> Mohamed Bourahla</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Forward topology used in switch mode power supply (SMPS) is one of the most famous configuration feeding DC systems such as telecommunication systems and other specific applications where the galvanic isolation is required. This configuration benefits of the high frequency feature of the transformer to provide a small size and light weight of the over all system. However, the stresses existing on the power switch during an ON/OFF commutation limit the transmitted power to the DC load. This paper investigates the main causes of the stresses in voltage existing during a commutation cycle and suggest a low cost solution that eliminates the overvoltage. As a result, this configuration will yield the possibility of the use of this configuration in higher power applications. Simulation results will show the efficiency of the presented method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=switch%20mode%20power%20supply" title="switch mode power supply">switch mode power supply</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20topology" title=" forward topology"> forward topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=resonance%20topology" title=" resonance topology"> resonance topology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=high%20frequency%20commutation" title=" high frequency commutation"> high frequency commutation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32934/a-new-resonance-solution-to-suppress-the-voltage-stresses-in-the-forward-topology-used-in-a-switch-mode-power-supply" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">437</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1167</span> Non-Invasive Imaging of Human Tissue Using NIR Light</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwani%20Kumar">Ashwani Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Use of NIR light for imaging the biological tissue and to quantify its optical properties is a good choice over other invasive methods. Optical tomography involves two steps. One is the forward problem and the other is the reconstruction problem. The forward problem consists of finding the measurements of transmitted light through the tissue from source to detector, given the spatial distribution of absorption and scattering properties. The second step is the reconstruction problem. In X-ray tomography, there is standard method for reconstruction called filtered back projection method or the algebraic reconstruction methods. But this method cannot be applied as such, in optical tomography due to highly scattering nature of biological tissue. A hybrid algorithm for reconstruction has been implemented in this work which takes into account the highly scattered path taken by photons while back projecting the forward data obtained during Monte Carlo simulation. The reconstructed image suffers from blurring due to point spread function. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NIR%20light" title="NIR light">NIR light</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tissue" title=" tissue"> tissue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blurring" title=" blurring"> blurring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Monte%20Carlo%20simulation" title=" Monte Carlo simulation"> Monte Carlo simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33453/non-invasive-imaging-of-human-tissue-using-nir-light" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33453.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1166</span> A Sustainable Design Model by Integrated Evaluation of Closed-loop Design and Supply Chain Using a Mathematical Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuan-Jye%20Tseng">Yuan-Jye Tseng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yi-Shiuan%20Chen"> Yi-Shiuan Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The paper presented a sustainable design model for integrated evaluation of the design and supply chain of a product for the sustainable objectives. To design a product, there can be alternative ways to assign the detailed specifications to fulfill the same design objectives. In the design alternative cases, different material and manufacturing processes with various supply chain activities may be required for the production. Therefore, it is required to evaluate the different design cases based on the sustainable objectives. In this research, a closed-loop design model is developed by integrating the forward design model and reverse design model. From the supply chain point of view, the decisions in the forward design model are connected with the forward supply chain. The decisions in the reverse design model are connected with the reverse supply chain considering the sustainable objectives. The purpose of this research is to develop a mathematical model for analyzing the design cases by integrated evaluating the criteria in the closed-loop design and the closed-loop supply chain. The decision variables are built to represent the design cases of the forward design and reverse design. The cost parameters in a forward design include the costs of material and manufacturing processes. The cost parameters in a reverse design include the costs of recycling, disassembly, reusing, remanufacturing, and disposing. The mathematical model is formulated to minimize the total cost under the design constraints. In practical applications, the decisions of the mathematical model can be used for selecting a design case for the purpose of sustainable design of a product. An example product is demonstrated in the paper. The test result shows that the sustainable design model is useful for integrated evaluation of the design and the supply chain to achieve the sustainable objectives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20design" title="closed-loop design">closed-loop design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=closed-loop%20supply%20chain" title=" closed-loop supply chain"> closed-loop supply chain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20evaluation" title=" design evaluation"> design evaluation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sustainable%20design%20model" title=" sustainable design model"> sustainable design model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51473/a-sustainable-design-model-by-integrated-evaluation-of-closed-loop-design-and-supply-chain-using-a-mathematical-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/51473.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">425</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1165</span> Performance Analysis of a Hybrid DF-AF Hybrid RF/FSO System under Gamma Gamma Atmospheric Turbulence Channel Using MPPM Modulation</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hechmi%20Saidi">Hechmi Saidi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noureddine%20Hamdi"> Noureddine Hamdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The performance of hybrid amplify and forward - decode and forward (AF-DF) hybrid radio frequency/free space optical (RF/FSO) communication system, that adopts M-ary pulse position modulation (MPPM) techniques, is analyzed. Both exact and approximate symbol-error rates (SERs) are derived. The random variations of the received optical irradiance, produced by the atmospheric turbulence, is modeled by the gamma-gamma (GG) statistical distribution. A closed-form expression for the probability density function (PDF) is derived for the whole above system is obtained. Thanks to the use of hybrid AF-DF hybrid RF/FSO configuration and MPPM, the effects of atmospheric turbulence is mitigated; hence the capacity of combating atmospheric turbulence and the transmissitted signal quality are improved. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=free%20space%20optical" title="free space optical">free space optical</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma%20gamma%20channel" title=" gamma gamma channel"> gamma gamma channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=radio%20frequency" title=" radio frequency"> radio frequency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=decode%20and%20forward" title=" decode and forward"> decode and forward</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=error%20pointing" title=" error pointing"> error pointing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M-ary%20pulse%20position%20modulation" title=" M-ary pulse position modulation"> M-ary pulse position modulation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=symbol%20error%20rate" title=" symbol error rate"> symbol error rate</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90571/performance-analysis-of-a-hybrid-df-af-hybrid-rffso-system-under-gamma-gamma-atmospheric-turbulence-channel-using-mppm-modulation" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/90571.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1164</span> Effects of Upstream Wall Roughness on Separated Turbulent Flow over a Forward Facing Step in an Open Channel</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20M.%20Rifat">S. M. Rifat</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andr%C3%A9%20L.%20Marchildon"> André L. Marchildon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20F.%20Tachie"> Mark F. Tachie</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The effect of upstream surface roughness over a smooth forward facing step in an open channel was investigated using a particle image velocimetry technique. Three different upstream surface topographies consisting of hydraulically smooth wall, sandpaper 36 grit and sand grains were examined. Besides the wall roughness conditions, all other upstream flow characteristics were kept constant. It was also observed that upstream roughness decreased the approach velocity by 2% and 10% but increased the turbulence intensity by 14% and 35% at the wall-normal distance corresponding to the top plane of the step compared to smooth upstream. The results showed that roughness decreased the reattachment lengths by 14% and 30% compared to smooth upstream. Although the magnitudes of maximum positive and negative Reynolds shear stress in separated and reattached region were 0.02Ue for all the cases, the physical size of both the maximum and minimum contour levels were decreased by increasing upstream roughness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20facing%20step" title="forward facing step">forward facing step</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20channel" title=" open channel"> open channel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=separated%20and%20reattached%20turbulent%20flows" title=" separated and reattached turbulent flows"> separated and reattached turbulent flows</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wall%20roughness" title=" wall roughness"> wall roughness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37174/effects-of-upstream-wall-roughness-on-separated-turbulent-flow-over-a-forward-facing-step-in-an-open-channel" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/37174.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1163</span> Apply Commitment Method in Power System to Minimize the Fuel Cost</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20Shaban">Mohamed Shaban</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Yahya"> Adel Yahya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The goal of this paper study is to schedule the power generation units to minimize fuel consumption cost based on a model that solves unit commitment problems. This can be done by utilizing forward dynamic programming method to determine the most economic scheduling of generating units. The model was applied to a power station, which consists of four generating units. The obtained results show that the applications of forward dynamic programming method offer a substantial reduction in fuel consumption cost. The fuel consumption cost has been reduced from $116,326 to $102,181 within a 24-hour period. This means saving about 12.16 % of fuel consumption cost. The study emphasizes the importance of applying modeling schedule programs to the operation of power generation units. As a consequence less consumption of fuel, less loss of power and less pollution <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unit%20commitment" title="unit commitment">unit commitment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20dynamic" title=" forward dynamic"> forward dynamic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fuel%20cost" title=" fuel cost"> fuel cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=programming" title=" programming"> programming</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generation%20scheduling" title=" generation scheduling"> generation scheduling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=operation%20cost" title=" operation cost"> operation cost</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20system" title=" power system"> power system</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generating%20units" title=" generating units"> generating units</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33870/apply-commitment-method-in-power-system-to-minimize-the-fuel-cost" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33870.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">611</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1162</span> Water Reclamation from Synthetic Winery Wastewater Using a Fertiliser Drawn Forward Osmosis System Evaluating Aquaporin-Based Biomimetic and Cellulose Triacetate Forward Osmosis Membranes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robyn%20Augustine">Robyn Augustine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Irena%20Petrinic"> Irena Petrinic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Claus%20Helix-Nielsen"> Claus Helix-Nielsen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marshall%20S.%20Sheldon"> Marshall S. Sheldon</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study examined the performance of two commercial forward osmosis (FO) membranes; an aquaporin (AQP) based biomimetic membrane, and cellulose triacetate (CTA) membrane in a fertiliser is drawn forward osmosis (FDFO) system for the reclamation of water from synthetic winery wastewater (SWW) operated over 24 hr. Straight, 1 M KCl and 1 M NH₄NO₃ fertiliser solutions were evaluated as draw solutions in the FDFO system. The performance of the AQP-based biomimetic and CTA FO membranes were evaluated in terms of permeate water flux (Jw), reverse solute flux (Js) and percentage water recovery (Re). The average water flux and reverse solute flux when using 1 M KCl as a draw solution against controlled feed solution, deionised (DI) water, was 11.65 L/m²h and 3.98 g/m²h (AQP) and 6.24 L/m²h and 2.89 g/m²h (CTA), respectively. Using 1 M NH₄NO₃ as a draw solution yielded average water fluxes and reverse solute fluxes of 10.73 L/m²h and 1.31 g/m²h (AQP) and 5.84 L/m²h and 1.39 g/m²h (CTA), respectively. When using SWW as the feed solution and 1 M KCl and 1 M NH₄NO₃ as draw solutions, respectively, the average water fluxes observed were 8.15 and 9.66 L/m²h (AQP) and 5.02 and 5.65 L/m²h (CTA). Membrane water flux decline was the result of a combined decrease in the effective driving force of the FDFO system, reverse solute flux and organic fouling. Permeate water flux recoveries of between 84-98%, and 83-89% were observed for the AQP-based biomimetic and CTA membrane, respectively after physical cleaning by flushing was employed. The highest water recovery rate of 49% was observed for the 1 M KCl fertiliser draw solution with AQP-based biomimetic membrane and proved superior in the reclamation of water from SWW. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aquaporin%20biomimetic%20membrane" title="aquaporin biomimetic membrane">aquaporin biomimetic membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose%20triacetate%20membrane" title=" cellulose triacetate membrane"> cellulose triacetate membrane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20osmosis" title=" forward osmosis"> forward osmosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reverse%20solute%20flux" title=" reverse solute flux"> reverse solute flux</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=synthetic%20winery%20wastewater%20and%20water%20flux" title=" synthetic winery wastewater and water flux"> synthetic winery wastewater and water flux</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101157/water-reclamation-from-synthetic-winery-wastewater-using-a-fertiliser-drawn-forward-osmosis-system-evaluating-aquaporin-based-biomimetic-and-cellulose-triacetate-forward-osmosis-membranes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101157.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1161</span> Analysis and Suggestion on Patent Protection in Shanghai, China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhong%20Niu">Yuhong Niu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Na%20Li"> Na Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chunlin%20Jin"> Chunlin Jin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hansheng%20Ding"> Hansheng Ding</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The study reviewed all types of patents applied by Shanghai health system to analyze how patent development in China from the year of 1990 to 2012. The study used quantitative and comparative analysis to investigate the change and trends of patent numbers, patent types, patent claims, forward citations, patent life, patent transactions, etc. Results reflected an obviously increased numbers of invention patents, applications, and authorizations and short-life patents, but the ratio of invention patents represented an up and down change. Forward citations and transactions ratio always kept at a low level. The results meant that the protection of intellectual property in the Shanghai health sector had made great progress and lots of positive changes due to incentive policies by local government. However, the low-quality patents, at the same time, increased rapidly. Thus, in the future, it is suggested that the quality management should be strengthened, and invents should be estimated before patent application. It is also suggested that the incentives for intellectual property should be optimized to promote the comprehensive improvement of patent quantity and quality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20claims" title="patent claims">patent claims</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward%20citations" title=" forward citations"> forward citations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20life" title=" patent life"> patent life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=patent%20transactions%20ratio" title=" patent transactions ratio"> patent transactions ratio</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88974/analysis-and-suggestion-on-patent-protection-in-shanghai-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/88974.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1160</span> Non-Invasive Imaging of Tissue Using Near Infrared Radiations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashwani%20Kumar%20Aggarwal">Ashwani Kumar Aggarwal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> NIR Light is non-ionizing and can pass easily through living tissues such as breast without any harmful effects. Therefore, use of NIR light for imaging the biological tissue and to quantify its optical properties is a good choice over other invasive methods. Optical tomography involves two steps. One is the forward problem and the other is the reconstruction problem. The forward problem consists of finding the measurements of transmitted light through the tissue from source to detector, given the spatial distribution of absorption and scattering properties. The second step is the reconstruction problem. In X-ray tomography, there is standard method for reconstruction called filtered back projection method or the algebraic reconstruction methods. But this method cannot be applied as such, in optical tomography due to highly scattering nature of biological tissue. A hybrid algorithm for reconstruction has been implemented in this work which takes into account the highly scattered path taken by photons while back projecting the forward data obtained during Monte Carlo simulation. The reconstructed image suffers from blurring due to point spread function. This blurred reconstructed image has been enhanced using a digital filter which is optimal in mean square sense. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=least-squares%20optimization" title="least-squares optimization">least-squares optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtering" title=" filtering"> filtering</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tomography" title=" tomography"> tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laser%20interaction" title=" laser interaction"> laser interaction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=light%20scattering" title=" light scattering"> light scattering</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33280/non-invasive-imaging-of-tissue-using-near-infrared-radiations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33280.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">316</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=forward&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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