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class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikidata</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Jump to navigation</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Jump to search</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-pt-translate-header noprint nomobile" dir="ltr" lang="en"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:Translate&group=page-Help%3AProperties&action=page&filter=&action_source=translate_page" title="Special:Translate">Translate this page</a></div><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages noprint navigation-not-searchable" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-pt-languages-label">Other languages:</div><ul class="mw-pt-languages-list"><li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/ms" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Bantuan:Sifat (4% translated)" lang="ms" dir="ltr">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/de" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Hilfe:Eigenschaften (93% translated)" lang="de" dir="ltr">Deutsch</a></li> <li><span class="mw-pt-languages-ui mw-pt-languages-selected mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" lang="en" dir="ltr">English</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/ca" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Ajuda:Propietats (12% translated)" lang="ca" dir="ltr">català</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/da" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Properties/da (4% translated)" lang="da" dir="ltr">dansk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/es" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Ayuda:Propiedades (95% translated)" lang="es" dir="ltr">español</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/fr" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Aide:Propriétés (39% translated)" lang="fr" dir="ltr">français</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/it" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Aiuto:Proprietà (14% translated)" lang="it" dir="ltr">italiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/pl" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Pomoc:Właściwości (14% translated)" lang="pl" dir="ltr">polski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/pt" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Ajuda:Propriedades (7% translated)" lang="pt" dir="ltr">português</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/sv" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Help:Egenskaper (95% translated)" lang="sv" dir="ltr">svenska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/cs" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:Vlastnosti (23% translated)" lang="cs" dir="ltr">čeština</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/be-tarask" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Дапамога:Уласьцівасьці (46% translated)" lang="be-tarask" dir="ltr">беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/bg" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Помощ:Свойства (4% translated)" lang="bg" dir="ltr">български</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/ru" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:Properties/ru (11% translated)" lang="ru" dir="ltr">русский</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/uk" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--high" title="Довідка:Властивості (71% translated)" lang="uk" dir="ltr">українська</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/ar" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:خصائص (9% translated)" lang="ar" dir="rtl">العربية</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/fa" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="Help:ویژگی‌ها (61% translated)" lang="fa" dir="rtl">فارسی</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/arz" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--low" title="Help:خصايص (2% translated)" lang="arz" dir="rtl">مصرى</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/bn" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="সাহায্য:বৈশিষ্ট্য (29% translated)" lang="bn" dir="ltr">বাংলা</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/zh" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="幫助:屬性 (41% translated)" lang="zh" dir="ltr">中文</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/ja" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--complete" title="Help:プロパティ (100% translated)" lang="ja" dir="ltr">日本語</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Help:Properties/yue" class="mw-pt-progress mw-pt-progress--med" title="幫手:屬性 (27% translated)" lang="yue" dir="ltr">粵語</a></li></ul></div> <table class="draft layouttemplate" style="border: 1px solid #a2a9b1; width: 80%; margin: 0 auto 1em; padding: .2em; max-width: 65em; background: AntiqueWhite;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:50px"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gnome-preferences-system.svg/45px-Gnome-preferences-system.svg.png" decoding="async" width="45" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gnome-preferences-system.svg/68px-Gnome-preferences-system.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Gnome-preferences-system.svg/90px-Gnome-preferences-system.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48"/></span></span> </td> <td><div class="center"><div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="description en">This page is a <b>work in progress</b>, not an article or policy, and may be incomplete and/or unreliable.<br/>Please offer suggestions on the <a href="/wiki/Help_talk:Properties" title="Help talk:Properties">talk page</a>.</div> <hr/><span style="font-size:x-small;line-height:140%" class="plainlinks"> <p><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/bn">বাংলা</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/ca">català</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/cs">čeština</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/de">Deutsch</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/en">English</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/es">español</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/fa">فارسی</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/fi">suomi</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/fr">français</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/hi">हिन्दी</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/hu">magyar</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/it">italiano</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/ja">日本語</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/ja">한국어</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/lb">Lëtzebuergesch</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/lv">latviešu</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/mk">македонски</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/ms">Bahasa Melayu</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/my">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/nb">norsk bokmål</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/nl">Nederlands</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/pa">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/pl">polski</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/pnb">پنجابی</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/pt">português</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/pt-br">português do Brasil</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/ro">română</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/sco">Scots</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/sq">shqip</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/sl">slovenščina</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/sr">српски / srpski</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/sv">svenska</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/tr">Türkçe</a> | <a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Template:Draft/ru">русский</a> | <a class="external text" 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data-file-height="192"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><bdi lang="en"><b>This page in a nutshell:</b></bdi> <ul><li>Properties describe the data value of a statement</li> <li>Properties, like items, have their own unique pages on Wikidata</li> <li>Properties, unlike items, must first be approved by the Wikidata community before being created</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikidata_-_simple_statement.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wikidata_-_simple_statement.svg/330px-Wikidata_-_simple_statement.svg.png" decoding="async" width="330" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wikidata_-_simple_statement.svg/495px-Wikidata_-_simple_statement.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Wikidata_-_simple_statement.svg/660px-Wikidata_-_simple_statement.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1216" data-file-height="193"/></a><figcaption>Example of a simple statement consisting of one property-value pair</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>property</b> describes the data value of a statement and can be thought of as a category of data, for example "color" for the data value "blue". Properties, when paired with values, form a <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Statements" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Statements">statement</a> in Wikidata. Properties are also used in <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Qualifiers" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Qualifiers">qualifiers</a>. </p><p>Wikidata currently has 12,269 properties. </p><p>Properties have their own pages on Wikidata and are connected to items, resulting in a linked data structure. </p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Understanding_properties"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Understanding properties</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Finding_properties"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Finding properties</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Search"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Search</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="#Lists"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">Lists</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Creating_properties"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Creating properties</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Editing_properties"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Editing properties</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#Deleting_properties"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Deleting properties</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-8"><a href="#Using_properties"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Using properties</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="#Property_constraints"><span class="tocnumber">6.1</span> <span class="toctext">Property constraints</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="#Bidirectional_relationships_and_hierarchies"><span class="tocnumber">6.2</span> <span class="toctext">Bidirectional relationships and hierarchies</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-11"><a href="#Property_misuse"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">Property misuse</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="#Frequently_used_properties"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Frequently used properties</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">9</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Understanding_properties" data-mw-thread-id="h-Understanding_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Understanding_properties"></span>Understanding properties<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Understanding_properties"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Understanding properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Properties are similar to items in a couple of ways. Like items, each property has a label, a description, and even an alias or aliases that can be added in multiple languages. Properties also have statements that help to more completely describe the property, including <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Property_constraints_portal" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Property constraints portal">constraints</a> on how the property can be used. </p> <table class="wikitable" align="right"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Property:P106" title="Property:P106">P106</a> for English, French, and Polish </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Label</th> <th>Description</th> <th>Alias </th></tr> <tr> <td>occupation</td> <td>occupation of a person</td> <td>profession; job; work; career </td></tr> <tr> <td>profession</td> <td>métier ou occupation d'une personne</td> <td>métier; occupation </td></tr> <tr> <td>zawód</td> <td>zawód osoby, zobacz także "dziedzina"</td> <td><small>(none yet added)</small> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>However, properties do not have a section on their pages for sitelinks to other Wikimedia projects, and they also do not have external identifiers. </p><p>Each property has a <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Data_type" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Data type">data type</a> which defines the kind of values allowed in statements with that property. </p><p>Properties aim to relate one type of entity with another type. The type of item a property should be used on is called its <a href="/wiki/Q112036279" title="Q112036279">domain <small>(Q112036279)</small></a> and can be enforced using a <a href="/wiki/Q21503250" title="Q21503250">subject type constraint <small>(Q21503250)</small></a>. If the data type of an item is an Item, than the type of item that should be the value of the property is called is <a href="/wiki/Q112036270" title="Q112036270">range <small>(Q112036270)</small></a> and can be enforced using a <a href="/wiki/Q21510865" title="Q21510865">value-type constraint <small>(Q21510865)</small></a>. If the data type is not an Item, the type of a value a property has can be specified with <a href="/wiki/Property:P10726" title="Property:P10726">class of non-item property value <small dir="ltr">(P10726)</small></a>. </p><p>Like items, properties also have a unique identifier. While items begin with a Q prefix and are found in the main namespace of Wikidata, properties have a P prefix and are stored in the property namespace. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Finding_properties" data-mw-thread-id="h-Finding_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Finding_properties"></span>Finding properties<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Finding_properties"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Finding properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Properties can be suggested at respective classes using <a href="/wiki/Property:P1963" title="Property:P1963">properties for this type <small dir="ltr">(P1963)</small></a>. E.g. <a href="/wiki/Q43229" title="Q43229">organization <small>(Q43229)</small></a> will list all properties relevant to any organization. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Properties/Statistics" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Properties/Statistics">Statistics</a> for additional summaries of existing properties. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Search" data-mw-thread-id="h-Search-Finding_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Search-Finding_properties"></span>Search<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Search-Finding_properties"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Search"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:Search?profile=advanced&fulltext=Search&ns120=1">Search</a></li></ul> <p>Several external tools exist to list properties, for instance: </p> <ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://tools.wmflabs.org/prop-explorer/">Wikidata Property Explorer</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lists" data-mw-thread-id="h-Lists-Finding_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Lists-Finding_properties"></span>Lists<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Lists-Finding_properties"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Lists"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages/Property:" title="Special:AllPages/Property:">Special:AllPages/Property:</a> (List by alphabetically sorted number)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:ListProperties" title="Special:ListProperties">Special:ListProperties</a> + Get a list of properties by data type</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata:List_of_properties" title="Wikidata:List of properties">Wikidata:List of properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata:Database_reports/List_of_properties/Top100" title="Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/Top100">Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/Top100</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikidata:Database_reports/List_of_properties/all" title="Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/all">Wikidata:Database reports/List of properties/all</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Property_lists" title="Template:Property lists">Template:Property lists</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Creating_properties" data-mw-thread-id="h-Creating_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Creating_properties"></span>Creating properties<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Creating_properties"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Creating properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2004752038">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i,.mw-parser-output .hatnote.noitalic{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote+div.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{.mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none}}</style><div class="hatnote" role="note">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikidata:Property_creation" title="Wikidata:Property creation">Wikidata:Property creation</a></div> <p>Before a new property is created, it has to be discussed and documented at <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property_proposal" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal">Wikidata:Property proposal</a> first. When after some time there are some supporters, but no or very few opponents, the property is created by a <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property_creators" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property creators">property creator</a> or an <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Administrators" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Administrators">administrator</a> (see <a href="/wiki/Special:ListUsers/propertycreator" title="Special:ListUsers/propertycreator">List of property creators</a>). After creation, relevant documentation is moved to the corresponding property's talk page, where usage of the property is further discussed. </p><p>When proposing properties, keep in mind that each property should be expected to be used by at least 100 items; if a proposed property cannot be used this many times, it likely should not be added to Wikidata (of course, there are exceptions to this rule). </p><p>To propose a property, click <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property_proposal" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal">here</a> and choose a topic category. Click the blue button "Create request page" and then fill out the provided template with as much information as possible. Make sure to include a possible property name in English (this will be the label), a description, the data type, examples of the type of item that may bear the property, and an example of how the property would be used. Don't worry about getting everything right the first time; that's what the discussion process is for. </p><p>If you are interested in being involved at the property proposal level for a specific subject matter, consider joining or creating a <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects">WikiProject</a>, a group of contributors who want to work together to improve a particular aspect of Wikidata. These groups often focus on how to best represent the data for a particular area of knowledge. </p><p>For more information on the property creator role, see <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property_creators#Requesting_this_right" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property creators">Wikidata:Property creators#Requesting this right</a>. To request the userright, visit <a href="/wiki/Wikidata:Requests_for_permissions/Other_rights#Property_creator" title="Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Other rights">Wikidata:Requests for permissions/Other rights#Property creator</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Editing_properties" data-mw-thread-id="h-Editing_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Editing_properties"></span>Editing properties<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Editing_properties"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Editing properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2202362292"><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><bdi lang="en"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:OOjs_UI_icon_notice-warning.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Warning" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/OOjs_UI_icon_notice-warning.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_notice-warning.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/OOjs_UI_icon_notice-warning.svg/60px-OOjs_UI_icon_notice-warning.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/OOjs_UI_icon_notice-warning.svg/80px-OOjs_UI_icon_notice-warning.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"/></a></span></bdi></td><td class="mbox-text"><bdi lang="en"><strong>Warning:</strong></bdi> You need to be <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Confirmed_users" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Confirmed users">confirmed</a> or <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Autoconfirmed_users" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Autoconfirmed users">autoconfirmed</a> to edit properties.</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Property entities can be edited like <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Item" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Item">item entities</a> with <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Labels" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Labels">labels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Descriptions" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Descriptions">descriptions</a>, <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Aliases" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Aliases">aliases</a>, and statements. </p><p><b>Property labels</b> should be as unambiguous as possible so that it is clear to a user which property is the correct one to use when editing items and adding statements. Properties rarely refer to commonly known concepts but they are more constructs of the Wikidata with specific meanings. Unlike items, property labels must be unique. </p><p><b>Property descriptions</b> are less relevant for disambiguation but they should provide enough information about the scope and context of the property so that users understand appropriate usage of the property without having to consult additional help. </p><p><b>Property aliases</b> should include all alternative ways of referring to the property. </p><p><b>Example:</b><br/> </p> <dl><dd>property: <a href="/wiki/Property:P161" title="Property:P161">P161</a><br/></dd> <dd>label: cast member<br/></dd> <dd>description: actor performing live for a camera or audience<br/></dd> <dd>aliases: film starring; actor; actress; starring<br/></dd></dl> <p>Label, description, and aliases of a property are first discussed by the community during the property proposal process. Major changes to a property should be discussed on its talk page first. </p><p>See <a href="/wiki/Help:Data_type#Changing_datatype" title="Help:Data type">Help:Data_type#Changing_datatype</a> for changing the datatype of a property. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Deleting_properties" data-mw-thread-id="h-Deleting_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Deleting_properties"></span>Deleting properties<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Deleting_properties"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Deleting properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>If you think a property should be removed from Wikidata (for example, if is a duplicate of another property in use), you will have to make a request for its deletion. To do so, follow the steps listed at <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Properties_for_deletion" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Properties for deletion">Wikidata:Properties for deletion</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Using_properties" data-mw-thread-id="h-Using_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Using_properties"></span>Using properties<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Using_properties"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Using properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wikidata relies on consistency. For instance, all persons should have common properties whenever possible, whether they are politicians, artists or scientists, living or historical, fictional or not. If you are unsure whether the property you are using is most appropriate for the statement, consult the property's discussion page or ask on <a href="/wiki/Wikidata:Project_chat" title="Wikidata:Project chat">Wikidata:Project chat</a>. An automatically generated list of properties currently supported by Wikidata can be found at <a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages/Property:" title="Special:AllPages/Property:">here</a>. Community-maintained lists can also be found at <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:List_of_properties" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:List of properties">Wikidata:List of properties</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Property_constraints" data-mw-thread-id="h-Property_constraints-Using_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Property_constraints-Using_properties"></span>Property constraints<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Property_constraints-Using_properties"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Property constraints"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Property_constraints_portal" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Property constraints portal">Help:Property constraints portal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bidirectional_relationships_and_hierarchies" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bidirectional_relationships_and_hierarchies-Using_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bidirectional_relationships_and_hierarchies-Using_properties"></span>Bidirectional relationships and hierarchies<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bidirectional_relationships_and_hierarchies-Using_properties"></span></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Bidirectional relationships and hierarchies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wikidata does not support automatic bidirectional links (<a href="https://phabricator.wikimedia.org/T51165" class="extiw" title="phabricator:T51165">phabricator:T51165</a>), so some properties need to be added and maintained twice. If, for example, A is a child of B on A's item page, the relation B as the parent of A also needs to be maintained on B's item page. </p><p>In general, only simple hierarchical properties should be recorded as statements. For example, record properties like <a href="/wiki/Property:P40" title="Property:P40">child <small dir="ltr">(P40)</small></a>–<a href="/wiki/Property:P22" title="Property:P22">father <small dir="ltr">(P22)</small></a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Property:P25" title="Property:P25">mother <small dir="ltr">(P25)</small></a>, but not properties like <i>grandchild–grandparent</i>, <i>niece–aunt</i>, <i>niece–uncle</i>, etc. Such additional relationships can be derived from the existing data. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Property_misuse" data-mw-thread-id="h-Property_misuse"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Property_misuse"></span>Property misuse <span id="misuse"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Property_misuse"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Property misuse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Every Wikidata property is intended for a specific purpose. When a Wikidata property is used in a way that goes against the consensus of how the property is meant to be used, we speak of <i>property misuse</i>. Wikidata attempts to combat property misuse with <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Property_constraints" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Property constraints">property constraints</a> and <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProject_Schemas" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProject Schemas">entity schemas</a>. If a property is misused because there doesn't exist any good alternative property, <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property_creation" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property creation">a new property may be proposed</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Frequently_used_properties" data-mw-thread-id="h-Frequently_used_properties"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Frequently_used_properties"></span>Frequently used properties<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Frequently_used_properties"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Frequently used properties"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Please see <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Frequently_used_properties" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Frequently used properties">Help:Frequently used properties</a> for guidelines and examples of using properties related to scientific taxonomies, administrative divisions, sources, Wikimedia Commons files, and more. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Help:Properties&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><b>For related Help pages, see:</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Frequently_used_properties" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Frequently used properties">Help:Frequently used properties</a>, for help with using specific properties <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Basic_membership_properties" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Basic membership properties">Help:Basic membership properties</a>, detailed explanation of three important properties: <a href="/wiki/Property:P31" title="Property:P31">instance of <small dir="ltr">(P31)</small></a>, <a href="/wiki/Property:P279" title="Property:P279">subclass of <small dir="ltr">(P279)</small></a> and <a href="/wiki/Property:P361" title="Property:P361">part of <small dir="ltr">(P361)</small></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:List_of_properties" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:List of properties">Wikidata:List of properties</a>, community-maintained lists of Wikidata properties - <a href="/wiki/Special:AllPages/Property:" title="Special:AllPages/Property:">Special:AllPages/Property:</a>, a special page showing all properties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Statements" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Statements">Help:Statements</a>, which explains what statements are and what rules they follow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Qualifiers" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Qualifiers">Help:Qualifiers</a>, which explains what qualifiers are and what rules they follow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Items" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:Items">Help:Items</a>, which explains what items are and what rules they follow</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property_proposal" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property proposal">Wikidata:Property proposal</a>, to discuss new properties before they are created - <a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Properties_for_deletion" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Properties for deletion">Wikidata:Properties for deletion</a> to nominate properties for deletion</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property_creators" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Property creators">Wikidata:Property creators</a>, for users granted the technical ability to create properties</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProjects">Wikidata:WikiProjects</a>, a list of users who work together to improve representation and coverage of a specific topic or domain</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Relation_between_properties_in_RDF_and_in_Wikidata" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Relation between properties in RDF and in Wikidata">Wikidata:Relation between properties in RDF and in Wikidata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProject_Ontology" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProject Ontology">Wikidata:WikiProject Ontology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Identifiers" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Identifiers">Wikidata:Identifiers</a> for identifiers in Wikidata in general and identifier properties in particular</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProject_Properties" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:WikiProject Properties">Wikidata:WikiProject Properties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties" title="Special:MyLanguage/MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties">MediaWiki:Wikibase-SortedProperties</a> controls the order in which properties are presented on an item</li></ul> <p><b>For additional information and guidance, see:</b> </p> <div lang="en" dir="ltr" class="mw-content-ltr"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Project_chat" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Project chat">Project chat</a>, for discussing all and any aspects of Wikidata</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary" title="Special:MyLanguage/Wikidata:Glossary">Wikidata:Glossary</a>, the glossary of terms used in this and other Help pages</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:FAQ" title="Special:MyLanguage/Help:FAQ">Help:FAQ</a>, frequently asked questions asked and answered by the Wikidata community</li> <li><a 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