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id="search"><form method="get" id="searchform" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/"> <div><input type="text" value="" name="s" id="s"/> <input type="submit" id="searchsubmit" value="Search"/> </div> </form> </div> </div> <hr/> <div id="content" class="span-13 append-1"> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-12918"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/01/iraq-women-struggle-to-make-ends-meet/#respond" title="Comment on Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 1st, 2011 by Harith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2011/04/01/iraq-women-struggle-to-make-ends-meet/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet">Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/1990-1991-gulf-war/" rel="tag">1990-1991 Gulf War</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/abu-ghraib/" rel="tag">Abu Ghraib</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/basra/" rel="tag">Basra</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/children/" rel="tag">Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/detainees/" rel="tag">detainees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/detention-facilities/" rel="tag">detention facilities</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/disabled-people/" rel="tag">disabled people</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorce/" rel="tag">divorce</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/diwaniya/" rel="tag">Diwaniya</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/dohuk/" rel="tag">Dohuk</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/education/" rel="tag">Education</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/food-parcels/" rel="tag">Food parcels</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/gulf-war/" rel="tag">Gulf War</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/health/" rel="tag">Health</a>, <a 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href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ministry-of-justice/" rel="tag">Ministry of Justice</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/missing-persons/" rel="tag">missing persons</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/muthanna/" rel="tag">Muthanna</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ninawa/" rel="tag">Ninawa</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty/" rel="tag">Poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty-alleviation/" rel="tag">poverty alleviation</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/prisoners/" rel="tag">prisoners</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/qaim/" rel="tag">Qaim</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/red-cross-messages/" rel="tag">Red Cross messages</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/resources/" rel="tag">Resources</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sadr-city/" rel="tag">Sadr City</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/salah-al-din/" rel="tag">Salah al-Din</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/shirqat/" rel="tag">Shirqat</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/social-welfare/" rel="tag">social welfare</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/students/" rel="tag">Students</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sulaimaniya/" rel="tag">Sulaimaniya</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d9%85%d8%af%d9%8a%d9%86%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d8%af%d8%b1%e2%80%8e/" rel="tag">مدينة الصدر‎</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water/" rel="tag">Water</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-storage/" rel="tag">Water storage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-supply/" rel="tag">water supply</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treatment/" rel="tag">water treatment</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/water-treatment-plants/" rel="tag">water treatment plants</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-poverty-of/" rel="tag">women - poverty of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-war/" rel="tag">women and war</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-rights/" rel="tag">Women's Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%ac%d9%85%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b5%d9%84%d9%8a%d8%a8-%d9%88%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%87%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%ad%d9%85%d8%b1/" rel="tag">جمعية الصليب والهلال الاحمر</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>Iraqi women have repeatedly been victims of armed conflict in recent decades. Today, as their dependence on a crumbling social structure grows, many find themselves struggling to make ends meet. The ICRC is helping them get back on their feet.</p> <p>A great many women in Iraq are facing challenges in the task of caring for their families, earning income and taking part in community and professional life. Since widespread violence erupted in 2003, they have been increasingly caught in the crossfire, killed, wounded or driven from their homes. As their menfolk have been killed or taken away in large numbers, the entire burden of running the household has been suddenly thrust upon them.</p> <p>"Regardless of the circumstance of loss, the mere fact that there is no traditional breadwinner directly affects the family’s financial situation," said Caroline Douilliez, head of the ICRC’s Women and War programme in Iraq. "The ICRC’s observations across Iraq have led us to the distressing conclusion that the lack of regular and sufficient income over the years has cast a huge number of families into severe poverty."</p> <div style="border-right: black 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: black 1px solid; padding-left: 5px; float: right; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; border-left: black 1px solid; width: 300px; padding-top: 5px; border-bottom: black 1px solid"> <p>30-03-2011 Operational Update </p> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.icrc.org/eng/assets/files/2011/iraq-update-01-02-2011-icrc-eng.pdf" target="_blank" class="external"><strong>Download full document: "Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet"</strong></a> PDF 368 KB </li> </ul></div> <p>According to ICRC estimates, between one and two million households in Iraq today are headed by women. This figure includes women whose husbands are either dead, missing (some since as far back as 1980) or detained. Divorced women are also taken into account. All these women were wives at one time, and today remain mothers to their children and daughters to their parents, and sometimes ultimately breadwinners and caregivers for all these people. Without a male relative, they lack economic, physical and social protection and support. Often they struggle with harrowing memories of the circumstance of death or disappearance of their husband. Displaced women face the added challenge of coping with the loss of a home that they had to leave because of threats to their safety, or for lack of income.</p> <p>"With no job opportunities, with no help from relatives themselves too poor to provide it, and with no assistance from the State social-security system, these women’s daily struggle revolves around putting food on the table and paying for shelter, schooling and medical care," said Ms Douilliez. "Sometimes their only option is to take their young boys out of school and send them out to earn a few dinars for the family. As a result, future generations pay the price of today’s difficult times. Without a proper education, today’s youth will not be equipped to face their own challenges once they have families of their own."</p> <p>In response to this emergency, the ICRC has launched programmes aimed specifically to assist women heading households alone. Since 2008, the organization has focused on finding ways to help women attain self-sufficiency.</p> <p>At the same time, the ICRC closely monitors the effects of efforts made by the State to improve social-welfare benefits for women facing particular hardship. The ICRC can attest to the struggle required to increase budgetary allocations and other resources for this vulnerable group. Ms Douilliez stresses the scale of the problem and the need for a comprehensive approach by the Iraqi government.</p> <p>The ICRC is engaged in dialogue with parliamentarians and other central and provincial policy-makers to ensure that the social-welfare system for vulnerable women receives the resources it needs.</p> <p><b>Assistance:</b> Between 2009 and 2010 the ICRC assisted around 4,000 women heading households who have been displaced from their homes. Food parcels and hygiene items were distributed to women in Baghdad, Diyala and Ninawa governorates.</p> <p><b>Micro-economic initiatives:</b> The ICRC provides in-kind grants to help finance income-generating projects. The grants are extended to women who are willing and able to run such projects, which are often home-based businesses such as small shops, trade projects or food production. The projects, which have been initiated in Najaf, Basra, Missan and Baghdad since 2009, are conducted in partnership with local NGOs and monitored for several months to ensure sustainability.</p> <p><b>Social welfare benefits:</b> The ICRC, working in partnership with local NGOs, helps women handle the formalities associated with applying for social-welfare benefits. As the cost of travel to gather documents is high, especially for women who have very limited resources, it reimburses the travel expenses incurred by women in Baghdad, Anbar, Basra and Missan who have not previously applied for the allowance. In addition, the ICRC has provided the agency in charge of administering the benefit with technical support.</p> <h4>Bringing aid to people facing hardship</h4> <p>The ICRC has maintained its support for people struggling to earn a living, such as women heading households, people with disabilities and the displaced. During the months of January and February, the ICRC:</p> <ul> <li>provided emergency winter assistance for more than 44,000 displaced people in Ninawa, Kirkuk, Diyala, Baghdad, Wassit, Babil, Anbar, Salah Al-Din, Dohuk and Sulaimaniya; </li> <li>awarded 82 grants to disabled people and women heading households in Baghdad, Kirkuk, Ninawa, Sulaimaniya and Erbil to enable them to start small businesses and regain economic self-sufficiency. Around 900 households headed by women and the disabled have received such assistance since 2008. The grants have benefited over 5,000 people. </li> </ul> <h4>Assisting hospitals and physical rehabilitation centres</h4> <p>Because health-care services in some rural and conflict-prone areas are still struggling to meet the needs of the civilian population, the ICRC continues to help renovate the premises of health-care facilities and train staff. To help disabled people reintegrate into the community, the ICRC also continues to provide limb-fitting and physical rehabilitation services. In January and February:</p> <ul> <li>192 new patients were fitted with prostheses and 1,010 with orthoses at 10 ICRC-supported centres throughout Iraq; </li> <li>17 doctors and 44 nurses took part in a course on emergency services given in Sulaimaniya and Najaf for medical personnel from Koya, Erbil, Dohuk, Khanaqin, Sulaimaniya, Kirkuk, Babil, Muthanna, Diwaniya, Kerbala and Najaf. </li> </ul> <p>In 2010 the ICRC began providing on-site support for eight primary health-care centres in Diyala, Ninawa, Kirkuk, Babil and Diwaniya. By agreement with the local authorities, the ICRC visits the centres on a regular basis to maintain and, where necessary, upgrade water supply networks. The ICRC also provides advice for emergency stabilization and referral services. In addition, it helps local health administrations to ensure that stocks of medicines and vaccines are adequate and that these items are always readily available.</p> <p>Over 280,000 people, including internally displaced people, now have better access to basic health-care and emergency services in the eight primary health-care centres. By mid-2010, the ICRC was providing the centres with enhanced support for various services. Local health authorities appointed additional female doctors to work in some facilities and provided additional ambulances and beds.</p> <h4>Providing clean water and sanitation</h4> <p>Access to clean water remains difficult in much of Iraq. ICRC engineers continue to repair and upgrade water, electrical and sanitary facilities, especially in places where violence remains a concern and in rural areas to improve the quality of services provided in communities and health-care facilities. In January and February, these activities included:</p> <h5>Emergency assistance:</h5> <p>The ICRC delivered water by truck:</p> <ul> <li>to al-Sadr City (sectors 52 and 53), Husseinia and Ma’amil area in Baghdad governorate to over 4,840 internally displaced people; </li> <li>to al-Zeidan primary health-care centre in Abu Ghraib, Baghdad governorate. </li> </ul> <h5>Support for health-care facilities:</h5> <p>The ICRC completed the following works:</p> <ul> <li>upgrading the water storage capacity in al-Shirqat General Hospital (100-bed capacity) in Salah al-Din governorate; </li> <li>renovation of the sanitary facilities in three buildings (Zainab, al Kindy and al Razi) in al- Rashad Psychiatric Hospital Phase 2 Stage 2 (1,300-bed capacity) in Baghdad governorate; </li> <li>renovation of a primary health-care centre in al-Sadr City (300 patients per day) in Baghdad governorate. The area served by the centre has a population of 50,000; </li> <li>installation of specialized equipment in al-Sadr Teaching Hospital (200 bed capacity), Najaf governorate. </li> </ul> <h5>Drinking-water supply:</h5> <p>The ICRC completed 10 main projects benefiting over 612,250 people throughout the country:</p> <ul> <li>renovation of Qaim water treatment plant in Anbar governorate, serving about 170,000 people; </li> <li>renovation of a compact unit in Za’faraniya, Baghdad governorate, serving about 200,000 people; </li> <li>transfer and reinstallation of a compact unit from al-Quds to al-Rasheed in Baghdad governorate, serving about 15,000 people; </li> <li>upgrade of five compact units in Abu Ghraib district, Baghdad governorate, serving about 74,000 people; </li> <li>renovation of a compact unit in al-Shirqat, Salah al-Din governorate, serving about 20,000 people; </li> <li>renovation of a compact unit in Diyala governorate serving about 40,000 people; </li> <li>supply of a generator for Mendili and Qaratapa water treatment plants in Diyala governorate, serving about 42,000 people; </li> <li>upgrade of water supply system in Qosh villages, in Ninawa, serving about 45,000 people; </li> <li>upgrade of water supply system in Khanaqin, Diyala governorate, serving about 6,000 people; </li> <li>renovation of a compact unit in Missan governorate serving about 250 people. </li> </ul> <h5>Renovation of infrastructure in places of detention:</h5> <p>● electro-mechanical works completed in Kadhimiya maximum security prison in Baghdad governorate; <br/>● improvement of the women’s yard in Hilla Prison (No. 2), Babil governorate, serving about 50 detainees.</p> <h4>Visiting detainees</h4> <p>In January and February, ICRC delegates visited detainees held by the Iraqi Correctional Service under the authority of the Ministry of Justice, the Ministry of the Interior, various branches of the Kurdish Regional Government and the United States government in 27 places of detention in 14 governorates. The delegates monitored the conditions in which detainees were being held and the treatment they received.</p> <p>The ICRC shared its observations and recommendations with the detaining authorities with a view to bringing about improvements where needed.</p> <p>In some of the places of detention, the ICRC gave detainees mattresses, blankets and recreational items such as books and games.</p> <p>The ICRC makes a special effort to restore and maintain ties between people held in detention facilities and their loved ones. In January and February over 350 Red Cross messages were exchanged between detainees and their families in Iraq and abroad. The ICRC also responded to over 750 enquiries from families seeking information on detained relatives or requesting other types of information, for instance on missing relatives. In addition, in Iraq, Iran and Kuwait, the ICRC issued close to 1,000 certificates of detention to former detainees and prisoners of war from previous international armed conflicts. The voluntary repatriation of two released detainees took place under the auspices of the ICRC. The organization also issued travel documents to 13 persons, mainly refugees, to enable them to resettle abroad. In February, the ICRC made arrangements for a three-day visit for seven Iraqi families (19 persons) to visit their loved ones detained in Kuwait Central Prison.</p> <h4>Clarifying the fate of missing people</h4> <p>During the months of January and February, the ICRC, in its role as a neutral intermediary, chaired a meeting between Iraq and Iran during which joint field work undertaken with a view to recovering the remains of soldiers killed during the 1980-1988 Iran-Iraq War was discussed. It also chaired one meeting of the Technical Sub-Committee dealing with missing persons from the 1990-1991 Gulf War, and participated in technical meetings with the parties concerned with a view to preparing joint field exhumations.</p> <p>The mortal remains of 38 persons, presumed to be Iraqi soldiers killed during the Iran-Iraq War, were handed over by the Iranian to the Iraqi authorities under ICRC auspices.</p> <p>The ICRC continued to provide the Iraqi Ministry of Human Rights and Baghdad’s Medical-Legal Institute with the technical support they require to exchange information and build up their capacity in the area of forensics. In January, the ICRC provided training in forensic anthropology for 27 members of the Medico-Legal Institute.</p> <h4>Promoting compliance with international humanitarian law</h4> <p>Reminding parties to a conflict of their obligation to protect civilians is a fundamental part of the ICRC’s work. The organization also endeavours to spread knowledge of international humanitarian law by organizing presentations for various audiences, including military personnel, prison staff, students and professors.</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.icrc.org/eng/resources/documents/update/2011/iraq-update-2011-03-30.htm" class="external" target="_blank">Iraq: women struggle to make ends meet</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-9812"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/04/16/fighting-for-love-across-iraqs-sectarian-frontline/#respond" title="Comment on Fighting for Love Across Iraq’s Sectarian Frontline">No Comments</a></span> Posted on April 16th, 2010 by Um Thalit</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2010/04/16/fighting-for-love-across-iraqs-sectarian-frontline/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Fighting for Love Across Iraq’s Sectarian Frontline">Fighting for Love Across Iraq’s Sectarian Frontline</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/death-threats/" rel="tag">Death Threats</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorce/" rel="tag">divorce</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/family-instability/" rel="tag">family instability</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/iwpr/" rel="tag">IWPR</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/marriage/" rel="tag">Marriage</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/massacres/" rel="tag">Massacres</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sectarianism/" rel="tag">sectarianism</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>Mixed-sect couples describe the difficulty of keeping marriages alive in times of war. By Abeer Mohammed in Baghdad (<a title="ICR No. 332, 16-Apr-10" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.iwpr.net/report-news/fighting-love-across-iraq%E2%80%99s-sectarian-frontline" class="external" target="_blank">ICR No. 332, 16-Apr-10</a>) </p> <p>When Fatima and Yasin first traded glances in a Baghdad marketplace, they were blind to the ancient discord that would wrench their country apart. </p> <p>She was shopping for clothes, he was passing by with friends, and having seen him once, she knew only that she wanted to see him again. </p> <p>He slipped her his phone number and they spoke that very night, embarking on a romance that paid little attention to his Sunni background or her Shia origins. </p> <p>The aching chasm that is Iraq’s sectarian divide today was a relatively subtle distinction a decade ago, easily dismissed by a couple in love. </p> <p>“It was not a problem in 1999 for a Sunni man to marry a Shia woman,” recalled Fatima, speaking to IWPR on condition that her real name, and that of the man she wed, be concealed. “It was okay with my family as well as his.” </p> <p>At the height of the conflict between the Shia and Sunnis in 2006, the couple had two children and a house in the Yarmuk district of western Baghdad. </p> <p>When their neighbourhood became a stronghold of the Sunni insurgency, the sectarian balance inside their family began to seem increasingly precarious. </p> <p>Tormented by death threats on the phone, Fatima eventually moved out, taking the children with her to Kadhamiya, a Shia neighbourhood where her parents had a home. </p> <p>Yasin stayed behind in Yarmuk. One day he collected the children, saying he would take them on a picnic, and did not return. </p> <p>“Within a week, I found out that he had taken the children to Syria,” Fatima said. “His parents had convinced him that his marriage to me was a mistake.” </p> <p>“They told him that even if I was a good person, my relatives were Shia and might kill him at any time to avenge their community.  They arranged a marriage for their son in Syria with a Sunni girl.” </p> <h3>HIGH PRICE </h3> <p>The sectarian conflict that followed the United States-led invasion reshaped hundreds of neighbourhoods and communities, reversing centuries of co-existence, but rarely did it divide the building block on which Iraqi society is built – the family. </p> <p>Its frontline ran not so much through households as through the districts where Sunni and Shia had lived in close proximity. </p> <p>Neighbours and colleagues became enemies, purging each other from boroughs and institutions where the boundaries of sect had been allowed to blur. </p> <p>Amid the carnage, structures such as the family and the tribe grew stronger because they were largely immune to sectarian division. </p> <p>In a land shared by Sunni and Shia Arabs since the dawn of their faith, most marriages take place within the same sect. </p> <p>Fatima and Yasin are poignant exceptions – members of a sizeable minority whose marriage disregarded sectarian division. </p> <p>The two were reconciled after Yasin contacted Fatima and begged her forgiveness, saying he missed her. He rejected the match his parents had planned for him, instead inviting Fatima to Syria. The couple still live there. </p> <p>“Sectarianism nearly killed me and cost me my family. I crossed the divide and I still feel the pain,” said Fatima, speaking to IWPR during a recent trip to visit relatives in Baghdad. </p> <p>“I’m still paying the price by living in a foreign country,” she said. Though the conflict has eased since 2006, Fatima said she had no plans to return – the “sectarian atmosphere” of Iraq could still corrode her marriage. </p> <p>No official figures are available for how many Iraqi couples have crossed the sectarian divide. Marriage certificates contain no record of sect and nor does the law permit divorce on sectarian grounds. </p> <h3>STRAIN OF VIOLENCE </h3> <p>All the mixed-sect couples interviewed by IWPR asked for their real names to be withheld. Their stories bear several striking similarities, testifying often to the tenacity of love amid the tribulations of war. </p> <p>They also offer a window into a domestic environment where tensions can be stoked by topics as varied as the children’s faith, visits from in-laws and the daily news of politicking, bombings and killings. </p> <p>“As long as my wife is not interested in politics, we do not have sectarian problems,” said Ahmed, a Shia man in his forties, with a job in the motor industry in Baghdad. “She was, and still is, a beautiful lady.” </p> <p>He married Maysun, the daughter of a Sunni family in his neighbourhood, despite some initial opposition from her brother. </p> <p>“He asked to talk to me alone, he was worried about his sister. We had a long conversation about all the religious issues and since then, he’s been my best friend,” Ahmed said. </p> <p>The couple’s children have been brought up to follow their father’s Shia faith. Maysun said she adopted the Shia way of praying when in the presence of her in-laws. </p> <p>“Sometimes I get annoyed when I hear his relatives criticise Sunni clerics whom they accuse of issuing edicts to kill the Shia,” she said. </p> <p>She added that Ahmed would usually dispel the tension by caressing her and teasingly saying such things as, “I love your terrorist’s eyes.” </p> <p>Ahmed said the years of sectarian fighting put a strain on all Iraqis. He guiltily recalled returning to his wife after the funeral of a friend who had been killed in a bombing in a Baghdad market. </p> <p>“I hated all Sunnis at that moment,” he said. “My wife consoled me and said, ‘God will bless your friend.’ I responded, saying He would not bless the Sunni terrorists.” </p> <p>“She looked at me, astonished, but did not say a word. I wanted to apologise to her but I did not.” </p> <h3>“BLOOD AND TEARS” </h3> <p>The routine violence and the fractured politics of modern Iraq seem to continually test mixed-sect relationships. </p> <p>Neda, a Shia accountant in her late thirties, met her husband, Salim, a Sunni security guard, at a friend’s wedding. </p> <p>“I loved his pride and wanted to talk to him,” she said, laughing. “But back then, we never talked about politics or religion like we do now.” </p> <p>Neda said she and her husband have argued over the names to assign their children. “I want Shia names and he wants Sunni names,” she said, adding that they managed to agree on a “compromise” name for their eldest daughter, which was popular with both sects. </p> <p>The couple has yet to decide on what sect to instruct their three children to follow. “Whenever we talked about the issue, it led to a quarrel,” she said. </p> <p>“We will probably adopt a sectarian quota like our politicians, so one child is Sunni, the other Shia, and so on,” she laughed, referring to the system by which powerful posts are allocated by Iraq’s parliament. </p> <p>In the recent election, the couple disagreed over whom to vote for, each one favouring the front-runner most closely identified with their sect. Neda said they eventually struck a deal to both vote for a lesser-known candidate whose name they picked at random. </p> <p>“We have crises but we overcome them because we are a family, we have kids. It is not easy to break such a relationship,” she said. </p> <p>Some mixed families have tried to reduce conflict by avoiding any mention of sect whatsoever. </p> <p>Fatima said she wanted her children to choose their own sect when they were older, and resented visits from her in-laws, who insisted on making the entire family pray in the Sunni manner. </p> <p>She said some arguments with her husband had been triggered by remarks made by in-laws. Her parents tended to blame Sunnis for any bombings. </p> <p>On the other hand, she said her husband had once told her massacres against the Shia were justified, after hearing that his cousin had gone missing in a Shia neighbourhood. </p> <p>“I hardly slept that night, and I regretted my marriage,” she said. </p> <p>Despite these incidents, Fatima said she believed the survival of her relationship was proof that sectarianism could be overcome. </p> <p>“Blood and tears have been shed in the name of sect but this can be avoided if people make a choice,” she said. </p> <h3>SOCIAL FUNCTION </h3> <p>Alia, a 40-year-old civil servant from Baghdad, found that choice very difficult. The daughter of a Shia scholar, she said she never considered her sect until her brother was abducted and killed by Sunnis three years ago. </p> <p>“A Sunni suitor proposed to me,” she said, but the offer was rejected. “Things have become complicated. My family cannot forget the spilt blood of their son.” </p> <p>The number of mixed-sect marriages is believed to have fallen sharply during the recent conflict, from the levels it enjoyed during the relatively secular government of Saddam Hussein. As a calm of sorts returns to Iraq, some observers say such relationships are making a comeback. </p> <p>“Most people don’t prioritise sect in marriage,” said Salem al-Mousawi, a judge and member of a government committee looking into social affairs, adding that alliances between tribes sometimes trumped sectarian differences. </p> <p>Fadhil Kamil, a professor of sociology at Mustansariya University in Baghdad, said the popularity of mixed-sect relationships increased in times of stability, indicating that they may serve a useful social function. </p> <p>“In a torn community, marriages help overcome the hatreds of the past,” he said. </p> <p>Religious leaders from both sects said there was no official ban on marriages between their followers. </p> <p>Sheikh Mohammed al-Ghreri, a senior Sunni cleric, said mixed unions posed no threat to the country’s sectarian demography. </p> <p>“There are Shia men who marry Sunni women and there are Sunni men who marry Shia women, so there is a balance,” he said. </p> <p>Sheikh Hamdallah al-Shehani, a Shia cleric allied to the anti-American preacher Muqtada al-Sadr, confirmed there was no ban on marriages between sects and added that there also no obligation for spouses to convert. However, he cautioned Shia against marrying Sunni who did not respect their faith. </p> <p>Abeer Mohammed is IWPR’s senior local editor in Baghdad. </p> <p>IWPR-trained journalist Hind al-Saffar also contributed to this story from Baghdad. </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.iwpr.net/report-news/fighting-love-across-iraq%E2%80%99s-sectarian-frontline" class="external" target="_blank">Fighting for Love Across Iraq’s Sectarian Frontline – IWPR Institute for War & Peace Reporting</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-8069"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2009/12/26/women-struggle-to-find-work/#respond" title="Comment on Women Struggle to Find Work">No Comments</a></span> Posted on December 26th, 2009 by Editors</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2009/12/26/women-struggle-to-find-work/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Women Struggle to Find Work">Women Struggle to Find Work</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/english-articles/" title="View all posts in English Language Articles" rel="category tag">English Language Articles</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/agriculture/" rel="tag">Agriculture</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorce/" rel="tag">divorce</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/education/" rel="tag">Education</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/ngos/" rel="tag">NGOs</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/orphans/" rel="tag">Orphans</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty-rates/" rel="tag">poverty rates</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/violence-against-women/" rel="tag">violence against women</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/widows/" rel="tag">Widows</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-poverty-of/" rel="tag">women - poverty of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-social-position-of/" rel="tag">Women -social position of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-children/" rel="tag">Women and Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-poverty-neglect-of/" rel="tag">Women's poverty - neglect of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-rights/" rel="tag">Women's Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-social-affairs-department/" rel="tag">Women's Social Affairs Department</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-support-centre-baghdad/" rel="tag">Women's Support Centre (Baghdad)</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a3%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%85/" rel="tag">الأيتام</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%8a%d8%aa%d8%a7%d9%85/" rel="tag">الايتام</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div style="border-right: lightgrey 1px solid; padding-right: 5px; border-top: lightgrey 1px solid; padding-left: 5px; float: right; padding-bottom: 5px; margin: 5px 0px 5px 15px; border-left: lightgrey 1px solid; width: 360px; padding-top: 5px; border-bottom: lightgrey 1px solid"> <p>Unemployment among women said to be impoverishing hundreds of thousands of families. </p> <p>By Hussam al-Saray in Baghdad (ICR No. 317, 24-Dec-09) </p> <p>Hussam al-Saray is an <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.iwpr.net/" target="_blank" class="external">IWPR</a>-trained journalist in Baghdad. </p> </p></div> <p>After her husband was killed in a car bombing near Baghdad in 2005, 45-year-old Um Hasan supported her five children by collecting empty aluminium cans and selling them to factories. </p> <p>Today, Um Hasan is being trained as a seamstress at the Baghdad-based Women’s Support Centre and receives a government stipend to help her look after her family. </p> <p>"I lost hope of ever finding a job, even as a cleaner, so I came to the centre to get a job in the future," she said. </p> <p>But Um Hasan may face a struggle. Activists and government experts say women’s unemployment is impoverishing hundreds of thousands of families in Iraq. </p> <p>"The situation for women in Iraq is going from bad to worse," said Alaa al-Jibouri, coordinator of the Iraqi Media Network to Combat Violence Against Women and Children. </p> <p>There are no hard statistics on the number of unemployed women in Iraq, but experts warn that the problem is severe. The United Nations reported in March 2009 that women comprise only 17 per cent of Iraq’s workforce, and that one in ten households are headed by women – more than 80 per cent of whom were widows. </p> <p>The UN stressed that illiteracy was a major factor in women’s poor participation in the workforce, with 24 per cent of women and girls above the age of ten unable to read or write. </p> <p>The Iraqi government has registered 270,000 women for welfare benefits, with monthly stipends of 50-100 US dollars, but these figures are even disputed within the government. </p> <p>"We believe that the number of unemployed women might be higher than that," said Bushra al-Hilaly, spokeswoman for the government’s Women’s Social Affairs, WSA, department. </p> <p>"We are trying, with the government, to determine the exact number of unemployed women, but it is slow because we don’t have an up-to-date census," she added. </p> <p>Hilaly said that the WSA, created in 2008 within the labour and social affairs ministry, was an attempt to guarantee the rights of women. </p> <p>“We are establishing new case files for widows, divorced women and the wives of missing soldiers,” she said. “It will be expanded to include all unsupported women and orphans." </p> <p>The WSA has a huge task ahead in assisting unemployed women, experts and international agencies say. As part of International Women’s Day in March, the United Nations Humanitarian Coordinator for Iraq, David Shearer, announced that “a major UN priority for 2009 is to improve conditions for women and girls who have yet to feel more than the full benefits of Iraq’s recovery". </p> <p>The UN also announced that it is partnering with local and international organisations to implement more than 30 programmes to improve women’s lives across every governorate of Iraq. </p> <p>Jibouri says it is common for girls to abandon school at a young age to help their families or make way for male siblings to pursue education. </p> <p>Women are being forced to beg on the streets and collect rubbish for recycling. Some settle for low-paying jobs in agriculture and factories, where they make as little as 35,000 dinars (30 dollars) per week, according to Jibouri’s research. </p> <p>Jibouri argues that the WSA should provide unemployed women with job skills along with the monthly subsistence funds. </p> <p>Longtime women’s rights activist Hanna Edward says her research also indicates that unemployment has risen. </p> <p>"It is also noticeable that the percentage of women working in the countryside is higher than in cities …. where job opportunities for women are so scarce," she said. </p> <p>She also said foreign workers, brought in from south and south-east Asia, are working in many service jobs that might otherwise go to Iraqi women. </p> <p>Some NGOs are attempting to address the problem. </p> <p>The government-backed Women’s Support Centre in Baghdad trains unemployed women – mostly widows – in a range of occupational skills. Supervisor Salma Jabo says that the volunteer-run NGO has classes every other day and that 1,750 women have already graduated. </p> <p>"We help women who don’t have jobs, and usually they don’t have hope. We try to send the message that a woman should support herself. This is the only way to support her children and contribute to society in the process," Jabo said. </p> <p>Source: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.iwpr.net/" target="_blank" class="external">IWPR</a>  <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.iwpr.net/?p=icr&s=f&o=358644&apc_state=henpicr" class="external" target="_blank">Women Struggle to Find Work</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-5586"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2009/03/09/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84/#respond" title="Comment on المرأة العراقية في عيدها تشكو تجاهل الحكومة لها">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 9th, 2009 by Editors</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2009/03/09/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to المرأة العراقية في عيدها تشكو تجاهل الحكومة لها">المرأة العراقية في عيدها تشكو تجاهل الحكومة لها</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/aswat-al-iraq-features/" rel="tag">Aswat Al Iraq Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/death-squads/" rel="tag">Death Squads</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorce/" rel="tag">divorce</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorcees/" rel="tag">divorcees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/features/" rel="tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/freedom-observatory/" rel="tag">Freedom observatory</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/irakiraq/" rel="tag">Irak/Iraq</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/society-and-economy/" rel="tag">Society And Economy</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/widows/" rel="tag">Widows</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-honour-killings/" rel="tag">Women - "Honour" Killings</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-attacks-on/" rel="tag">Women - attacks on</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-domestic-assault/" rel="tag">Women - domestic assault</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-killing-of/" rel="tag">Women - killing of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-poverty-of/" rel="tag">women - poverty of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-children/" rel="tag">Women and Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-rights/" rel="tag">Women's Rights</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>بغداد /أصوات العراق :  تحتفل المرأة في دول العالم، الأحد، بعيدها العالمي، ولعل شأن النساء العراقيات في هذا اليوم يحمل الكثير من الهموم والآمال وتجدد المطالبة بالحقوق الموعودة، رغم انه  بالنسبة للبعض منهن لا يختلف عن أي يوم آخر، أو يوما منسيا لبعض آخر، مادام هناك من يتجاهله كما تقول إحداهن: ” لو كان هذا اليوم في حسبان الحكومة لكانت اهتمت به”. <br/>تقول هدى علي (42 عاما ) من  بغداد وهي موظفة في وزارة التجارة لوكالة (أصوات العراق) “إننا نعرف كنساء أن اليوم هو عيد المرأة العالمي، نهنئ بعضنا البعض، ولكن عدا ذلك ليس هنالك ما يدل على انه عيد للمرأة.” <br/>وأضافت “الموظفون لا يهمهم هذا الأمر وحتى الدائرة نفسها لم تصنع حتى على الأقل لافتة تدل على المناسبة علما أن وزارة التجارة نسبة النساء فيها 60%.” <br/>وتتساءل  أم حسن (62 عاما) من شارع فلسطين في العاصمة بغداد عن يوم المرأة: “أي عيد…؟  إني لا اعرف سوى أن  يوم غد يصادف عيد المولد النبوي الشريف.” <br/>وتضيف متهكمة “أنا الآن ذاهبة إلى السوق وسأعود وأذهب إلى النجار لتصليح الباب في نفس الوقت هاهي ابنة ابنتي معي و”الخاتون” ذهبت لتصليح سيارتها وتركت البنت عندي وسأعود للتنظيف والطبخ.. نحن النساء العراقيات بلا عيد” خوفا على أنفسنا وعلى أولادنا.” </p> </p></div> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2009/03/09/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%b1%d8%a3%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%b9%d9%8a%d8%af%d9%87%d8%a7-%d8%aa%d8%b4%d9%83%d9%88-%d8%aa%d8%ac%d8%a7%d9%87%d9%84-%d8%a7%d9%84/#more-5586" class="more-link">» أقرأ التفاصيل .. | Read the rest of this entry »</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-5577"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2009/03/08/iraqs-ex-minister-for-womens-rights-speaks-out/#respond" title="Comment on Iraq’s ex-minister for women’s rights speaks out">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 8th, 2009 by Editors</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2009/03/08/iraqs-ex-minister-for-womens-rights-speaks-out/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Iraq’s ex-minister for women’s rights speaks out">Iraq’s ex-minister for women’s rights speaks out</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/human-rights/" title="View all posts in Human Rights" rel="category tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/afp-reports/" rel="tag">AFP reports</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/child-poverty/" rel="tag">Child Poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorce/" rel="tag">divorce</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorcees/" rel="tag">divorcees</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/human-rights/" rel="tag">Human Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/mosul/" rel="tag">Mosul</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/nawal-al-samarrai/" rel="tag">Nawal al-Samarrai</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/oxfam/" rel="tag">Oxfam</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/poverty/" rel="tag">Poverty</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/rape/" rel="tag">Rape</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/sanctions/" rel="tag">Sanctions</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/widows/" rel="tag">Widows</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-honour-killings/" rel="tag">Women - "Honour" Killings</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-domestic-assault/" rel="tag">Women - domestic assault</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-poverty-of/" rel="tag">women - poverty of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-children/" rel="tag">Women and Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-health-neglect-of/" rel="tag">Women's health - neglect of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-rights/" rel="tag">Women's Rights</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-welfare-neglect-of/" rel="tag">Women's welfare - neglect of</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84/" rel="tag">الموصل</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%88%d8%b5%d9%84%e2%80%8e/" rel="tag">الموصل‎</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>When she was made Iraqi minister for women’s rights, Nawal al-Samarrai threw herself enthusiastically into the job. But six months later she resigned, saying the government cares little for the plight of women.</p> <div style="border-right: rgb(203,202,202) 1px solid; padding-right: 10px; border-top: rgb(203,202,202) 1px solid; margin-top: 1em; padding-left: 10px; font-weight: normal; float: right; padding-bottom: 10px; margin-left: 20px; border-left: rgb(203,202,202) 1px solid; width: 305px; color: rgb(0,0,0); padding-top: 10px; border-bottom: rgb(203,202,202) 1px solid; background-color: #fff"> <ul> <li>The ministry had a budget of just 7,500 dollars a month, salaries excluded. </li> <li>Samarrai, a former member of parliament’s health committee, resigned on February 3. </li> <li>She said the ministry’s monthly budget has since been slashed to 1,500 dollars amid widespread cuts. </li> <li>And she has not been replaced </li> </ul></div> <p>"I have lots of will power, I’m tenacious," Samarrai, wearing a beige headscarf, told AFP in the hotel where she lives in Baghdad’s high-security Green zone, in an interview marking International Women’s Day on Sunday.</p> <p>"I was convinced that I could improve conditions for women, but I ran into a wall," said the 47-year-old gynaecologist.</p> <p>"The occupation, terrorism, the economy collapsing … all that produced an army of widows, an increase in the number of divorcees, unmarried women, women beggars," she said.</p> <p>According to the International Committee of the Red Cross, between one and three million Iraqi families are now headed by women after seemingly endless years of war.</p> <p>"Society is falling apart and me, I was a minister in a ministry without means, without power, without offices outside Baghdad," said Samarrai.</p> <p>The ministry had a budget of just 7,500 dollars a month, salaries excluded, Samarrai said.</p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2009/03/08/iraqs-ex-minister-for-womens-rights-speaks-out/#more-5577" class="more-link">» أقرأ التفاصيل .. | Read the rest of this entry »</a></p> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-3125"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2008/03/10/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84/#respond" title="Comment on ارتفاع نسبة حالات الطلاق في المجتمع العراقي">No Comments</a></span> Posted on March 10th, 2008 by Mohammed Ibn Laith</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2008/03/10/%d8%a7%d8%b1%d8%aa%d9%81%d8%a7%d8%b9-%d9%86%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a9-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d8%ac%d8%aa%d9%85%d8%b9-%d8%a7%d9%84/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to ارتفاع نسبة حالات الطلاق في المجتمع العراقي">ارتفاع نسبة حالات الطلاق في المجتمع العراقي</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorce/" rel="tag">divorce</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/family-instability/" rel="tag">family instability</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-children/" rel="tag">Women and Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-rights/" rel="tag">Women's Rights</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/wp-content//thumb-womens-rights-140x140.jpg"><img style="border-top-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin: 0px 0px 10px 20px; border-right-width: 0px" height="140" alt="thumb_womens_rights_140x140" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722im_/http://gorillasguides.com/wp-content//thumb-womens-rights-140x140-thumb.jpg" width="140" align="right" border="0"/></a> كشف وزير العمل والشؤون الاجتماعية محمود الشيخ راضي عن ارتفاع غير مسبوق بنسبة حالات الطلاق في المجتمع العراقي لتتراوح ما بين 50 الى 60 في المائة من الزيجات. <br/>ودعا راضي في الاحتفالية التي اقامتها الوزارة في مركز التدريب المهني العراقي- الكوري امس الأحد بمناسبة يوم المرأة العالمي الى اجراء دراسة دقيقة وعلمية لمعرفة الأسباب التي تقف وراء ذلك. <br/>وشدد راضي على ضرورة مقاومة ما وصفها بالنظرة التقليدية السائدة الى المرأة داعيا الى تصحيحها. <br/>وبدورها اكدت مديرة هيئة الطفولة ورئيسة لجنة المرأة في الوزارة كوثر ابراهيم ان ظاهرة التفكك الأسري اصبحت كبيرة في المجتمع بسبب تداعيات الحروب المتتالية. <br/>ولفتت ابراهيم الى ان اتساع ظاهرة التفكك الإسري قادت الى انتشار ظواهر سلبية اخرى في المجتمع العراقي يأتي الطلاق على رأسها. <br/>وتؤكد مصادر في وزارة العمل ان الإحصائيات الدقيقة حول نسبة المطلقات غير واضحة، لعدم وجود تعداد سكاني صحيح.</p> <p><strong>إقرأ أيضاً</strong></p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2008/02/25/divorce-cases-are-increasing-%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac/">Gorilla’s Guides »  Divorce cases are increasing | ازدياد حالات الطلاق بسبب الزواج القسري</a>: </p> </div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div class="post clearfix" id="post-3021"> <div class="postmetadata"><span class="comments"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2008/02/25/divorce-cases-are-increasing-%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac/#comments" title="Comment on Divorce cases are increasing | ازدياد حالات الطلاق بسبب الزواج القسري">2 Comments</a></span> Posted on February 25th, 2008 by Um Thalit</div> <h3><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/2008/02/25/divorce-cases-are-increasing-%d8%a7%d8%b2%d8%af%d9%8a%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%ad%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d8%aa-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82-%d8%a8%d8%b3%d8%a8%d8%a8-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b2%d9%88%d8%a7%d8%ac/" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Divorce cases are increasing | ازدياد حالات الطلاق بسبب الزواج القسري">Divorce cases are increasing | ازدياد حالات الطلاق بسبب الزواج القسري</a></h3> <p class="postmetadata">Category: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/features/" title="View all posts in Features" rel="category tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/iraq/" title="View all posts in News" rel="category tag">News</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/category/women/" title="View all posts in Women and Children" rel="category tag">Women and Children</a>, Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/aswat-al-iraq-features/" rel="tag">Aswat Al Iraq Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/divorce/" rel="tag">divorce</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/family-instability/" rel="tag">family instability</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/features/" rel="tag">Features</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/women-and-children/" rel="tag">Women and Children</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://gorillasguides.com/tag/womens-rights/" rel="tag">Women's Rights</a></p> <div class="entry" dir="rtl" align="right"> <div style="border-right: rgb(203,202,202) 1px solid; padding-right: 10px; margin-top: 0px; font-weight: normal; float: left; padding-bottom: 11px; width: 49%; color: rgb(0,0,0); margin-right: 20px; background-color: rgb(255,255,255); text-align: left"> <p>Baghdad, Feb. 24, (<a title="VOI" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/english/article.tpl?IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=70755&NrIssue=2&NrSection=4" class="external" target="_blank">VOI</a>) – After only three weeks of her dire marriage, Maysaa, a college graduate, felt as though she did not know the callous man who became her husband at all. Her family coerced her to accept the despondent marriage from a man that never respected her or her feelings, and she quickly perceived divorce as the only means for her salvation. </p> <p>“He behaved with me as a teenager; in fact, as a frivolous adolescent,” Maysaa said to Aswat al-Iraq – Voices of Iraq – (VOI), adding, “he continued his promiscuity with other women while we were on our honeymoon. That is why I decided to disband my relation with him by asking for a divorce.”</p> <p>Maysaa’s woe is a sample of divorce cases are increasing in Iraq as an outcome of traditional reasons, such as arranged marriages, and other causes that are newly introduced to the Iraqi society after the dramatic changes that took place in Iraq during the last five years. Inaccurate Civil Affairs records in the country imply that divorce cases in 2007 increased by 20% when compared to 2006. </p> <p>Civil servant sociologist at Karkh civil affairs court in Al-Mansour district (Baghdad – capital city of Iraq), Inaam Sahib, told VOI, “Most divorce cases are between young married couples; those who have been forced by their parents to get married, or because they perceived marriage as a shot-gun wedding, not as a mutual perennial relationship to produce a family.”</p> <p>But those aren’t the only reasons for divorce cases. “There are other parameters that lead to divorce, such as the financial situation of the husband, especially if he is unable to fulfill his wife’s requirements in that concern,” Sahib told VOI, adding “along with conventional reasons for divorce that we have in Iraq, we have other newly emerged causes, represented by sectarianism.” She explained, “We are currently processing some divorce cases of married couples that lived together for years disregarding their different sects, but they are now demanding divorce based solely on sectarian motivations.”</p> <p>Commenting on Maysaa’s divorce case, Sahib told VOI “If a wife feels jealous, this issue disturbs the relation between the married couple; phone calls between a husband and other women evoke his wife,” asserting “Engendered problem might escalate to the extent of divorce.”</p> <p>Another civil servant sociologist and colleague of Sahib, who spoke to VOI on condition of anonymity, said “Sexual reasons cause divorce too. Many wives demand a divorce claiming that their husbands ignore them. There may be mental reasons for doing this, due to the extreme circumstances that Iraqi citizens are experiencing nowadays.”</p> <p>Karkh civil affairs court at Al-Mansour district of Baghdad embraces a plot to deal with pre-divorce cases. Sociologists study these cases before trial day. “In the sociology department, we try our best to reconcile married couples, and we were able to solve many disputes,” the sociologist said to VOI. Records of Karkh court, which is one of the biggest civil affairs courts in Iraq, render that in 2007, there were 1175 divorce cases, 20% higher than 2006.</p> <p>Civil affairs attorney Hashim Jameel told VOI “Divorce is a right of woman at anytime, provided that she explains the reasons for requesting divorce,” adding “a woman gets her full rights attributed on divorce.” In order to get a speedy divorce however, especially if a wife is unable to afford living with her husband anymore, “She might abandon some of her divorce rights,” Jameel told VOI, explaining “This is a very big mistake, because Iraqi society is very partial in ruling on divorced woman.” </p> <p>According to Jameel, “Some social conditions in Iraq these days increase divorce cases, along with an increase in cases of marriage to more than one wife,” Jameel told VOI, confirming “especially if the second wife has some privileged traits, such as a job, house, or prominent social position.”</p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/english/article.tpl?IdLanguage=1&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=70755&NrIssue=2&NrSection=4" class="external" target="_blank">Aswat Aliraq</a> </p> </div> <div dir="rtl" align="right"> <p>بعد ثلاثة اسابيع من زواج أجبرها عليه والدها شعرت ميساء، خريجة كلية الإدارة والاقتصاد، بوطأة هذا الزواج غير المتكافئ من رجل غريب جرح كرامتها باستمرار علاقاته العاطفية السابقة، ووجدت أخيرا أن الطلاق هو السبيل الوحيد لخلاصها. <br/>وقالت ميساء للوكالة المستقلة للأنباء (أصوات العراق) “لقد تصرف وكأنه ما يزال مراهقا، واستمر في علاقات أخرى حتى قبل أن ينتهي شهر العسل وكان لا بد من الطلاق.”<br/>حالة ميساء هي واحدة من بين حالات الطلاق والتفريق التي تتزايد في البلاد لأسباب تقليدية كالزواج القسري وأسباب طارئة استجدت بعد التحولات التي مرت بالعراق خلال السنوات الخمس الماضي، بحيث تشير سجلات إحدى أكبر محاكم بغداد إلى زيادة هذه الحالات بنسبة 20% عن السنة التي سبقتها في غياب إحصاءات رسمية على مستوى العراق.<br/>تقول الباحثة الاجتماعية إنعام صاحب سلمان من محكمة الكرخ “معظم دعاوى الطلاق تكون بين شابات وشباب صغار في العمر أرغموا على الزواج من قبل الأهل، قبل أن ينضجوا لتحمل مسؤوليات الحياة الزوجية”. <br/>وتضيف سلمان لـ (أصوات العراق) مستدركة “لكن ليس هذا هو السبب الوحيد لتكاثر حالات الطلاق فهناك أسباب أخرى منها ما هو ناجم عن عامل اقتصادي يكمن في عدم مقدرة الزوج على الانفاق وتلبية طلبات زوجته”.<br/>وأردفت الباحثة “الى جانب هذه الأسباب التقليدية هناك أسباب طارئة على المجتمع العراقي، وهي التفرقة الطائفية، حيث تردنا دعاوى لنساء يطلبن التفريق تحت ضغط من الأهل لان الزوج يخالف الزوجة في المذهب، مع إن الإثنين عاشا سنوات طوال معاً دون أن يكون اختلاف المذهب سببا ولو بسيطاً للخلاف.” <br/>وتعليقا على حالة ميساء ميساء قالت الباحثة “للغيرة تأثير مهم في العلاقة الزوجية وعدم استقرارها، فالمكالمات الهاتفية بين الزوج وفتاة أخرى تثير زوجته، وقد تتحول هذه المسألة لتكون سببا للتفريق بين الزوجين”. <br/>وترى باحثة اجتماعية أخرى فضلت أن ترمز لنفسها (م ع) ان “القضايا الجنسية إحدى مسببات الطلاق.. إذ غالباً ما تشتكي الزوجة من إهمال زوجها لها وعدم معاشرتها، وقد تكون دواعي ذلك نفسية ناتجة عن الظروف الصعبة التي يعيشها المواطن العراقي في ظل التوترات الحالية”.<br/>وأضافت (م ع) لـ(أصوات العراق) أن “محكمة الكرخ مثلا اعتمدت خطة لمعالجة الحالات التي تسبق الطلاق، حيث تعرض القضية على البحث الاجتماعي قبل دخولها السجل الأساسي وتحديد يوم للمرافعة”. <br/>وقالت ” في قسم البحث الاجتماعي نبذل جهدنا لإعادة الحياة الزوجية للزوجين المتخاصمين، وقد أفلحنا بحل الكثير من تلك الخصومات”. <br/>وتشير سجلات محكمة الكرخ (وهي واحدة من أكبر المحاكم في العراق) إن عام 2007 شهد 745 دعوى تفريق تم حسم 695 منها، أما دعاوى الطلاق فبلغت 500 دعوى حسم منها 480 وأبطلت 20 دعوى، وبهذا يكون عام 2007 قد شهد 1175 دعوى تفريق وطلاق بزيادة قدرها 20% عن العام الماضي.<br/>وعن الفرق بين التفريق والطلاق والمخالعة، قال المحامي هشام جميل طعمة إن “الطلاق من حق الزوج في أي وقت، مع بيان أسباب التقصير وإعطاء حقوق الزوجة كالأثاث والسكن والمهر المؤجل، إما التفريق فتطلبه الزوجة ويجب أن تتوفر له الأسباب الموجبة التي تقنع القاضي”. <br/>ويضيف طعمة “غالباً ما ترد دعاوى التفريق عندما ينكر الزوج مسببات الطلاق، وهو ما يحصل دائماً، لذا تلجأ الزوجة للتنازل عن كل حقوقها أو بعضها من أجل المخالعة التي تحصل باتفاق الطرفين، وهي طريقة تتكرر دائما لأن الزوجة المتضررة من زوجها مستعدة للتضحية بحقوقها في سبيل حريتها”.<br/>وبين طعمة أن “قيام الزوجات بالتنازل عن حقوقهن خطأ كبير، لأن المرأة مخلوق مغبون فكيف إذا كانت مطلقة ومسلوبة الحقوق؟”، مضيفا ان “المجتمع العراقي لا يرحم المرأة المطلقة وينظر لها نظرة دونية حتى وان كان زوجها مقصراً، كما ان القانون العراقي لا يحمي المرأة من تنصل الرجل من التزاماته”.<br/>ولفت المحامي الى ان “صعوبة الظروف الاجتماعية الحالية تسببت في زيادة حالات الطلاق وزيادة حالات الزواج من زوجة أخرى، خاصة إذا كانت الزوجة الثانية تمتلك مزايا مشجعة كالوظيفة والسكن والمركز الاجتماعي”. </p> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125133722/http://66.111.34.180/look/article.tpl?IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=70589&NrIssue=1&NrSection=4" class="external" target="_blank">اصوات العراق – ازدياد حالات الطلاق بسبب الزواج القسري</a> </p> </div> </div> </div> <hr/> <div 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