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<li id="toc-Narrative" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Narrative"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Narrative </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Narrative-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Psalms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Psalms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Psalms </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Psalms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interpretation_in_Abrahamic_tradition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interpretation_in_Abrahamic_tradition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Interpretation in Abrahamic tradition </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Interpretation_in_Abrahamic_tradition-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Interpretation in Abrahamic tradition subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Interpretation_in_Abrahamic_tradition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Rabbinic_Judaism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rabbinic_Judaism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Rabbinic Judaism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rabbinic_Judaism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Christianity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Christianity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Christianity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Christianity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2.1 Middle Ages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Islam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Islam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Islam </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Islam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historicity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historicity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Historicity </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historicity-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Historicity subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Historicity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literary_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literary_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Literary analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literary_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_findings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_findings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Archaeological findings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_findings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Archaeological_analysis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Archaeological_analysis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Archaeological analysis </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Archaeological_analysis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Art_and_literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_and_literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Art and literature </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Art_and_literature-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Art and literature subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Art_and_literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Literature </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Paintings" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Paintings"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Paintings </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Paintings-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sculptures" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sculptures"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Sculptures </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sculptures-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Film </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.5 Television </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.6 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Musical_theater" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Musical_theater"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.7 Musical theater </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Musical_theater-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Radio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Radio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.8 Radio </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Radio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Playing_cards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Playing_cards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.9 Playing cards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Playing_cards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Image gallery </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8.1 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">David</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 103 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-103" aria-hidden="true" > 103 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawid" title="Dawid – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Dawid" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nig_David" title="König David – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="König David" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%8A%E1%89%B5" title="ዳዊት – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዳዊት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF" title="داود – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="داود" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davud" title="Davud – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Davud" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="داوود – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="داوود" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6" title="রাজা দাউদ – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাজা দাউদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C4%81i-pi%CC%8Dt" title="Tāi-pi̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tāi-pi̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%8B%D1%82" title="Дауыт – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Дауыт" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Давід – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Давід" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%B4" title="Давід – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Давід" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Давид – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Давид" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%91%E0%BD%B1%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%96%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D_(%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A2%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8D)" title="དཱ་བིད། (གསུང་རབ།) – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="དཱ་བིད། (གསུང་རབ།)" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralj_David" title="Kralj David – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kralj David" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(roue_Israel)" title="David (roue Israel) – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="David (roue Israel)" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(biblick%C3%A1_postava)" title="David (biblická postava) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="David (biblická postava)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dafydd_(brenin)" title="Dafydd (brenin) – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Dafydd (brenin)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong_David" title="Kong David – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kong David" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pdc mw-list-item"><a href="https://pdc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daafit" title="Daafit – Pennsylvania German" lang="pdc" hreflang="pdc" data-title="Daafit" data-language-autonym="Deitsch" data-language-local-name="Pennsylvania German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deitsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taavet" title="Taavet – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taavet" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%94%CE%B1%CE%B2%CE%AF%CE%B4" title="Δαβίδ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Δαβίδ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davido" title="Davido – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Davido" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="داوود – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="داوود" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1vid" title="Dávid – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Dávid" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(roi_d%27Isra%C3%ABl)" title="David (roi d'Israël) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="David (roi d'Israël)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_fan_Israel" title="David fan Israel – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="David fan Israel" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davide" title="Davide – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Davide" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1iv%C3%AD" title="Dáiví – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dáiví" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai-v%C3%AD-v%C3%B2ng" title="Thai-ví-vòng – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thai-ví-vòng" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A4%EC%9C%97" title="다윗 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="다윗" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B4%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%AB%D5%A9_(%D5%A1%D6%80%D6%84%D5%A1)" title="Դավիթ (արքա) – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Դավիթ (արքա)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%8A%E0%A4%A6" title="दाऊद – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="दाऊद" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralj_David" title="Kralj David – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kralj David" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daud" title="Daud – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daud" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dav%C3%AD%C3%B0_konungur" title="Davíð konungur – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Davíð konungur" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davide" title="Davide – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Davide" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%93%D7%95%D7%93" title="דוד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="דוד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%95%E1%83%98%E1%83%97%E1%83%98" title="დავითი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="დავითი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D3%99%D1%83%D1%96%D1%82_%D0%9F%D0%B0%D0%B9%D2%93%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Дәуіт Пайғамбар – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Дәуіт Пайғамбар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daudi_(Biblia)" title="Daudi (Biblia) – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Daudi (Biblia)" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawid" title="Dawid – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dawid" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4_%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81" title="Давуд идавс – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Давуд идавс" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(rex)" title="David (rex) – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="David (rex)" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C4%81vids_(%C4%B7%C4%93ni%C5%86%C5%A1)" title="Dāvids (ķēniņš) – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Dāvids (ķēniņš)" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dovydas" title="Dovydas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Dovydas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1vid_zsid%C3%B3_kir%C3%A1ly" title="Dávid zsidó király – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Dávid zsidó király" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Давид – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Давид" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davida_(mpanjaka)" title="Davida (mpanjaka) – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Davida (mpanjaka)" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%80%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8D" title="ദാവീദ് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദാവീദ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AF" title="داود – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="داود" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A2i-b%C4%ADk_U%C3%B2ng" title="Dâi-bĭk Uòng – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Dâi-bĭk Uòng" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Давид – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Давид" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%92%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%97%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA%E1%80%98%E1%80%AF%E1%80%9B%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="ဒေးဗစ်ဘုရင် – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဒေးဗစ်ဘုရင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koning_David" title="Koning David – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koning David" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%80%E3%83%93%E3%83%87" title="ダビデ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ダビデ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%83%D0%B4" title="Давуд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Давуд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kong_David" title="Kong David – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kong David" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_av_Israel" title="David av Israel – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="David av Israel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A0vid" title="Dàvid – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Dàvid" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A1" title="ਡੇਵਿਡ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਡੇਵਿਡ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%AF_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81)" title="داؤد (بادشاہ) – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="داؤد (بادشاہ)" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="داوود – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="داوود" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devit" title="Devit – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Devit" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawid_(kr%C3%B3l_Izraela)" title="Dawid (król Izraela) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Dawid (król Izraela)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Давид – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Давид" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davidi" title="Davidi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Davidi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%A1vid_(biblick%C3%A1_postava)" title="Dávid (biblická postava) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Dávid (biblická postava)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_(kralj)" title="David (kralj) – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="David (kralj)" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%88%D8%AF" title="داوود – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="داوود" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Давид – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Давид" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kralj_David" title="Kralj David – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kralj David" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daavid" title="Daavid – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Daavid" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung_David" title="Kung David – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kung David" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%80%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவீது அரசர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவீது அரசர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawed" title="Dawed – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Dawed" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%8B%D1%82_%D0%BF%D3%99%D0%B9%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B1%D3%99%D1%80" title="Давыт пәйгамбәр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Давыт пәйгамбәр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%94" title="ดาวิด – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ดาวิด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8F%95%E1%8F%AB" title="ᏕᏫ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᏕᏫ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᏣᎳᎩ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Davud" title="Davud – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Davud" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawut_pygamber" title="Dawut pygamber – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Dawut pygamber" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkmençe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Давид – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Давид" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%AF_(%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81)" title="داؤد (بادشاہ) – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="داؤد (بادشاہ)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/David" title="David – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="David" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" 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data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Biblical figure and Israelite monarch</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Biblical monarch. For the name "David", see <a href="/wiki/David_(name)" title="David (name)">David (name)</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/David_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="David (disambiguation)">David (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"King David" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/King_David_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="King David (disambiguation)">King David (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">David <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style>דָּוִד‎</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><a href="/wiki/File:King_David,_the_King_of_Israel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/King_David%2C_the_King_of_Israel.jpg/220px-King_David%2C_the_King_of_Israel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/King_David%2C_the_King_of_Israel.jpg/330px-King_David%2C_the_King_of_Israel.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/King_David%2C_the_King_of_Israel.jpg/440px-King_David%2C_the_King_of_Israel.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2686" data-file-height="3761" /></a><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">King David Playing the Harp (1622) by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_van_Honthorst" title="Gerard van Honthorst">Gerard van Honthorst</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">King of Israel</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data">controversial; between 10th century BCE and 9th century BCE<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ish-bosheth" title="Ish-bosheth">Ish-bosheth</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight: normal; background: inherit; font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><div>8 wives:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Michal" title="Michal">Michal</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ahinoam" title="Ahinoam">Ahinoam</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Maachah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maachah">Maachah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Haggith" title="Haggith">Haggith</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Abital" class="mw-redirect" title="Abital">Abital</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Eglah" class="mw-redirect" title="Eglah">Eglah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Issue_(genealogy)" title="Issue (genealogy)">Issue</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold; font-weight: normal; background: inherit; font-style: italic; text-align: left;"><div>18+ children, including:</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Amnon" title="Amnon">Amnon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Chileab" title="Chileab">Chileab</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Shephatiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shephatiah">Shephatiah</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ithream" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithream">Ithream</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Shammua" class="mw-redirect" title="Shammua">Shammua</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Shobab </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_(son_of_David)" title="Nathan (son of David)">Nathan</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ibhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibhar">Ibhar</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Elishua </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Eliphalet </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Nogah </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Nepheg" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepheg">Nepheg</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Japhia </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Elishama </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0">Eliada </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Jerimoth" title="Jerimoth">Jerimoth</a> </li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Tamar_(daughter_of_David)" title="Tamar (daughter of David)">Tamar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Dynasty" title="Dynasty">House</a></th><td 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.sidebar-navbar{text-align:right;font-size:115%;padding:0 0.4em 0.4em}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:left;font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6em;font-size:105%}.mw-parser-output .sidebar-list-title-c{padding:0 0.4em;text-align:center;margin:0 3.3em}@media(max-width:640px){body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks vcard hlist" style="order-spacing:0.2em 0;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="background:none;color:black;">Part of a <a href="/wiki/Category:Kings_of_ancient_Israel" title="Category:Kings of ancient Israel">series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:none;color:black;padding-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">Kings of Israel and Judah</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><a href="/wiki/File:Menorah.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Menorah"><img alt="Menorah" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Menorah.svg/60px-Menorah.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Menorah.svg/90px-Menorah.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Menorah.svg/120px-Menorah.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="393" data-file-height="326" /></a> <a href="/wiki/File:Star_of_David_(bold).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Star of David"><img alt="Star of David" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Star_of_David_%28bold%29.svg/60px-Star_of_David_%28bold%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Star_of_David_%28bold%29.svg/90px-Star_of_David_%28bold%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Star_of_David_%28bold%29.svg/120px-Star_of_David_%28bold%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Tribes of Israel</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Leaders_of_the_tribes_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Leaders of the tribes of Israel">Tribal leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abimelech_(Judges)" title="Abimelech (Judges)">Abimelech</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United monarchy</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ish-bosheth" title="Ish-bosheth">Ish-bosheth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Northern Kingdom of Israel</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam" title="Jeroboam">Jeroboam I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadab_of_Israel" title="Nadab of Israel">Nadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baasha_of_Israel" title="Baasha of Israel">Baasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Elah" class="mw-redirect" title="King Elah">Elah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimri_(king)" title="Zimri (king)">Zimri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibni" title="Tibni">Tibni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Israel" title="Ahaziah of Israel">Ahaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Israel" title="Jehoram of Israel">Jehoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Israel" title="Jehoahaz of Israel">Jehoahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Israel" title="Jehoash of Israel">Jehoash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam_II" title="Jeroboam II">Jeroboam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_of_Israel" title="Zechariah of Israel">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallum_of_Israel" title="Shallum of Israel">Shallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem" title="Menahem">Menahem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekahiah" title="Pekahiah">Pekahiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekah" title="Pekah">Pekah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshea" title="Hoshea">Hoshea</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Southern Kingdom of Judah</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_of_Judah" title="Abijah of Judah">Abijam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_of_Judah" title="Asa of Judah">Asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat" title="Jehoshaphat">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Judah" title="Jehoram of Judah">Jehoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Judah" title="Ahaziah of Judah">Ahaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athaliah" title="Athaliah">Athaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Judah" title="Jehoash of Judah">Jehoash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaziah_of_Judah" title="Amaziah of Judah">Amaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzziah" title="Uzziah">Uzziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jotham" title="Jotham">Jotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaz" title="Ahaz">Ahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amon_of_Judah" title="Amon of Judah">Amon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Judah" title="Jehoahaz of Judah">Jehoahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiakim" title="Jehoiakim">Jehoiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jeconiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah" title="Zedekiah">Zedekiah</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Hasmonean dynasty</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_I" title="Aristobulus I">Aristobulus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_Alexandra" title="Salome Alexandra">Salome Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcanus_II" title="Hyrcanus II">Hyrcanus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_II" title="Aristobulus II">Aristobulus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Mattathias" title="Antigonus II Mattathias">Antigonus II Mattathias</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Herodian_dynasty" title="Herodian dynasty">Herodian dynasty</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herod_the_Great" title="Herod the Great">Herod the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Archelaus" title="Herod Archelaus">Archelaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Antipas" title="Herod Antipas">Antipas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Tetrarch" title="Philip the Tetrarch">Philip the Tetrarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa" title="Herod Agrippa">Agrippa I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_of_Chalcis" title="Herod of Chalcis">Herod of Chalcis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herod_Agrippa_II" title="Herod Agrippa II">Agrippa II</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish-Roman_Wars" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish-Roman Wars">Jewish-Roman Wars</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ananus_ben_Ananus" title="Ananus ben Ananus">Ananus ben Ananus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Giscala" class="mw-redirect" title="John of Giscala">John of Giscala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bar_Giora" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Bar Giora">Simon Bar Giora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_bar_Kokhba" title="Simon bar Kokhba">Simon bar Kokhba</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">See also</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_leaders_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel">List of Jewish leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gebirah" title="Gebirah">gəḇīrōṯ</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> (Italics indicate a disputed reign or non-royal title) <img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchy_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Template:Monarchy of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchy_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Template talk:Monarchy of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchy_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchy of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> David (<a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ˈdeɪvɪd/</a>; <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical Hebrew language">Biblical Hebrew</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1241449095">דָּוִד‎, romanized: Dāwīḏ, "beloved one")<a href="#cite_note-5">[a]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[5]</a> was a king of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israel_and_Judah" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Israel and Judah">ancient Israel and Judah</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">third king</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Monarchy</a>,<a href="#cite_note-7">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[7]</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a> and <a href="/wiki/Old_Testament" title="Old Testament">Old Testament</a>. According to Jewish works such as the <a href="/wiki/Seder_Olam_Rabbah" title="Seder Olam Rabbah">Seder Olam Rabbah</a>, <a href="/wiki/Seder_Olam_Zutta" title="Seder Olam Zutta">Seder Olam Zutta</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sefer_ha-Qabbalah" title="Sefer ha-Qabbalah">Sefer ha-Qabbalah</a> (all written over a thousand years later), David ascended the throne as the king of Judah in 885 BCE.<a href="#cite_note-9">[8]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Dan_stele" title="Tel Dan stele">Tel Dan stele</a>, an <a href="/wiki/Canaanite_and_Aramaic_inscriptions" title="Canaanite and Aramaic inscriptions">Aramaic-inscribed stone</a> erected by a king of <a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">Aram-Damascus</a> in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE to commemorate a victory over two enemy kings, contains the phrase bytdwd (𐤁𐤉𐤕𐤃𐤅𐤃), which is translated as "<a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">House of David</a>" by most scholars. The <a href="/wiki/Mesha_stele" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesha stele">Mesha stele</a>, erected by King <a href="/wiki/Mesha" title="Mesha">Mesha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a> in the 9th century BCE, may also refer to the "House of David", although this is disputed.<a href="#cite_note-10">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a> Apart from this, all that is known of David comes from biblical literature, <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Bible" title="Historicity of the Bible">the historicity of which has been extensively challenged</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Kalimi_p._32-12">[11]</a> and there is little detail about David that is concrete and undisputed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMooreKelle2011232–233-13">[12]</a> Debates persist over several controversial issues: the exact timeframe of David's reign and the geographical boundaries of his kingdom; whether the story serves as a political defense of David's dynasty against accusations of tyranny, murder and regicide; the homoerotic relationship between David and Jonathan; whether the text is a <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>-like heroic tale adopting elements from its <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a> parallels; and whether elements of the text date as late as the <a href="/wiki/Hasmonean" class="mw-redirect" title="Hasmonean">Hasmonean</a> period. In the <a href="/wiki/Deuteronomistic_history" class="mw-redirect" title="Deuteronomistic history">biblical narrative</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Books of Samuel</a>, David is described as a young shepherd and <a href="/wiki/Harpist" class="mw-redirect" title="Harpist">harpist</a> whose heart is devoted to <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">Yahweh</a>, the one true God. He gains fame and becomes a hero by killing <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">Goliath</a>. He becomes a favorite of <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a>, the first king of Israel, but is forced to go into hiding when Saul suspects David of plotting to take his throne. After Saul and his son <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(1_Samuel)" title="Jonathan (1 Samuel)">Jonathan</a> are killed in battle, David is anointed king by the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">tribe of Judah</a> and eventually all the tribes of Israel. He conquers <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, makes it the capital of a <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">united Israel</a>, and brings the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> to the city. He commits adultery with <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a> and arranges the death of her husband, <a href="/wiki/Uriah_the_Hittite" title="Uriah the Hittite">Uriah the Hittite</a>. David's son <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a> later tries to overthrow him, but David returns to Jerusalem after Absalom's death to continue his reign. David desires to build a temple to Yahweh, but is denied because of the bloodshed of his reign. He dies at age 70 and chooses <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>, his son with Bathsheba, as his successor instead of his eldest son <a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a>. David is honored as an ideal king and the forefather of the future <a href="/wiki/Messiah_in_Judaism" title="Messiah in Judaism">Hebrew Messiah</a> in <a href="/wiki/Jewish" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish">Jewish</a> prophetic literature, and many <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">psalms</a> are attributed to him. David is also richly represented in post-biblical <a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">Jewish written and oral tradition</a> and referenced in the <a href="/wiki/New_Testament" title="New Testament">New Testament</a>. <a href="/wiki/Early_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Christians">Early Christians</a> interpreted the life of <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus of Nazareth</a> in light of references to the Hebrew Messiah and to David; Jesus is described as being directly descended from David in the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Matthew" title="Gospel of Matthew">Gospel of Matthew</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Gospel_of_Luke" title="Gospel of Luke">Gospel of Luke</a>. In the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a>, David is described as an Israelite king as well as a <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">prophet of Allah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-oxis-14">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-brilleoi-15">[14]</a> The biblical David has inspired many interpretations in art and literature over the centuries. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biblical_account">Biblical account</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Family">Family</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/220px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/330px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg/440px-Osmar_Schindler_David_und_Goliath.jpg 2x" data-file-width="561" data-file-height="777" /></a><figcaption>David und Goliath (1888), color lithograph by German artist <a href="/wiki/Osmar_Schindler" title="Osmar Schindler">Osmar Schindler</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sweet_stories_of_God;_in_the_language_of_childhood_and_the_beautiful_delineations_of_sacred_art_(1899)_(14751566596).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sweet_stories_of_God%3B_in_the_language_of_childhood_and_the_beautiful_delineations_of_sacred_art_%281899%29_%2814751566596%29.jpg/220px-Sweet_stories_of_God%3B_in_the_language_of_childhood_and_the_beautiful_delineations_of_sacred_art_%281899%29_%2814751566596%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="292" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sweet_stories_of_God%3B_in_the_language_of_childhood_and_the_beautiful_delineations_of_sacred_art_%281899%29_%2814751566596%29.jpg/330px-Sweet_stories_of_God%3B_in_the_language_of_childhood_and_the_beautiful_delineations_of_sacred_art_%281899%29_%2814751566596%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/Sweet_stories_of_God%3B_in_the_language_of_childhood_and_the_beautiful_delineations_of_sacred_art_%281899%29_%2814751566596%29.jpg/440px-Sweet_stories_of_God%3B_in_the_language_of_childhood_and_the_beautiful_delineations_of_sacred_art_%281899%29_%2814751566596%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3046" data-file-height="4046" /></a><figcaption>David raises the head of Goliath, <a href="/wiki/Gustave_Dor%C3%A9" title="Gustave Doré">Gustave Doré</a>'s illustration (1866), colorized and published in <a href="/wiki/Josephine_Pollard" title="Josephine Pollard">Josephine Pollard</a>'s Sweet stories of God (1899).</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Samuel">First Book of Samuel</a> and the <a href="/wiki/First_Book_of_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="First Book of Chronicles">First Book of Chronicles</a> both identify David as the son of <a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehemite</a>, the youngest of eight sons.<a href="#cite_note-16">[15]</a> He also had at least two sisters: <a href="/wiki/Zeruiah" title="Zeruiah">Zeruiah</a>, whose sons all went on to serve in David's army, and <a href="/wiki/Abigail_(mother_of_Amasa)" title="Abigail (mother of Amasa)">Abigail</a>, whose son <a href="/wiki/Amasa" title="Amasa">Amasa</a> served in <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom's</a> army, Absalom being one of David's younger sons.<a href="#cite_note-17">[16]</a> While the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> does not name his mother, the <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a> identifies her as <a href="/wiki/Nitzevet" title="Nitzevet">Nitzevet</a>, a daughter of a man named Adael, and the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Ruth" title="Book of Ruth">Book of Ruth</a> claims him as the great-grandson of <a href="/wiki/Ruth_the_Moabite" class="mw-redirect" title="Ruth the Moabite">Ruth</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Moabites" class="mw-redirect" title="Moabites">Moabite</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Boaz" title="Boaz">Boaz</a>.<a href="#cite_note-18">[17]</a> David is described as cementing his relations with various political and national groups through <a href="/wiki/Marriage_of_state" title="Marriage of state">marriage</a>.&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemaire1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-19">[18]</a> According to 1 Samuel 17:25, King Saul said that he would make whoever killed Goliath a very wealthy man, give his daughter to him and declare his father's family exempt from taxes in Israel. Saul offered David his oldest daughter, <a href="/wiki/Merab" class="mw-redirect" title="Merab">Merab</a>, a marriage David respectfully declined.<a href="#cite_note-20">[19]</a> Saul then gave Merab in marriage to Adriel the Meholathite.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Having been told that his younger daughter <a href="/wiki/Michal" title="Michal">Michal</a> was in love with David, Saul gave her in marriage to David upon David's payment in <a href="/wiki/Philistine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philistine">Philistine</a> foreskins<a href="#cite_note-22">[21]</a> (ancient Jewish historian <a href="/wiki/Josephus" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> lists the dowry as 100 Philistine heads).<a href="#cite_note-23">[22]</a> Saul became jealous of David and tried to have him killed. David escaped. Then Saul sent Michal to Galim to marry <a href="/wiki/Palti,_son_of_Laish" title="Palti, son of Laish">Palti, son of Laish</a>.<a href="#cite_note-24">[23]</a> David then took wives in <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, according to <a href="/wiki/2_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Samuel">2 Samuel</a> 3; they were <a href="/wiki/Ahinoam" title="Ahinoam">Ahinoam</a> the Yizre'elite; <a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a>, the widow of Nabal the Carmelite; <a href="/wiki/Maacah" title="Maacah">Maacah</a>, the daughter of Talmay, king of <a href="/wiki/Geshur" title="Geshur">Geshur</a>; <a href="/wiki/Haggith" title="Haggith">Haggith</a>; <a href="/wiki/Abital" class="mw-redirect" title="Abital">Abital</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Eglah" class="mw-redirect" title="Eglah">Eglah</a>. Later, David wanted Michal back and <a href="/wiki/Abner" title="Abner">Abner</a>, Ish-bosheth's army commander, delivered her to him, causing Palti great grief.<a href="#cite_note-25">[24]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Chronicles" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Chronicles">Book of Chronicles</a> lists his sons with his various wives and <a href="/wiki/Concubine" class="mw-redirect" title="Concubine">concubines</a>. In <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>, David had six sons: <a href="/wiki/Amnon" title="Amnon">Amnon</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Ahinoam" title="Ahinoam">Ahinoam</a>; <a href="/wiki/Daniel_(son_of_David)" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel (son of David)">Daniel</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a>; <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Maachah" class="mw-redirect" title="Maachah">Maachah</a>; <a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Haggith" title="Haggith">Haggith</a>; <a href="/wiki/Shephatiah" class="mw-redirect" title="Shephatiah">Shephatiah</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Abital" class="mw-redirect" title="Abital">Abital</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Ithream" class="mw-redirect" title="Ithream">Ithream</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Eglah" class="mw-redirect" title="Eglah">Eglah</a>.<a href="#cite_note-26">[25]</a> By Bathsheba, his sons were <a href="/wiki/Shammua" class="mw-redirect" title="Shammua">Shammua</a>, Shobab, <a href="/wiki/Nathan_(son_of_David)" title="Nathan (son of David)">Nathan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a>. David's sons born in Jerusalem of his other wives included <a href="/wiki/Ibhar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ibhar">Ibhar</a>, Elishua, <a href="/wiki/Eliphelet" class="mw-redirect" title="Eliphelet">Eliphelet</a>, Nogah, Nepheg, Japhia, Elishama and Eliada.<a href="#cite_note-27">[26]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jerimoth" title="Jerimoth">Jerimoth</a>, who is not mentioned in any of the genealogies, is mentioned as another of his sons in 2 Chronicles 11:18. His daughter <a href="/wiki/Tamar_(2_Samuel)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamar (2 Samuel)">Tamar</a>, by Maachah, is raped by her half-brother Amnon. David fails to bring Amnon to justice for his violation of Tamar, because he is his firstborn and he loves him, and so Absalom (her full brother) kills Amnon to avenge Tamar.<a href="#cite_note-28">[27]</a> Despite the great sins they had committed, David showed grief at his sons' deaths, weeping twice for Amnon [2 Samuel 13:31–26] and seven times for Absalom.<a href="#cite_note-29">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Narrative">Narrative</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_e_david.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_e_david.jpg/220px-Samuel_e_david.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_e_david.jpg/330px-Samuel_e_david.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Samuel_e_david.jpg/440px-Samuel_e_david.jpg 2x" data-file-width="584" data-file-height="672" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_16" title="1 Samuel 16">Samuel anoints David</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dura-Europos_synagogue" title="Dura-Europos synagogue">Dura-Europos synagogue</a>, now in <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, 3rd century CE</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Yahweh" title="Yahweh">God</a> is angered when <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a>, Israel's king, unlawfully offers a sacrifice<a href="#cite_note-30">[29]</a> and later disobeys a divine command both to kill all of the <a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalekites</a> and to destroy their confiscated property.<a href="#cite_note-31">[30]</a> Consequently, God sends the prophet <a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a> to anoint a shepherd, David, the youngest son of <a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a> of <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>, to be king instead.<a href="#cite_note-32">[31]</a> After God sends an evil spirit to torment Saul, his servants recommend that he send for a man skilled in playing the <a href="/wiki/Kinnor" title="Kinnor">lyre</a>. A servant proposes David, whom the servant describes as "skillful in playing, a man of valor, a warrior, prudent in speech, and a man of good presence; and the Lord is with him." David enters Saul's service as one of the royal armour-bearers and plays the lyre to soothe the king.<a href="#cite_note-33">[32]</a> War comes between Israel and the <a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a>, and the giant <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">Goliath</a> challenges the Israelites to send out a champion to face him in single combat.<a href="#cite_note-34">[33]</a> David, sent by his father to bring provisions to his brothers serving in Saul's army, declares that he can defeat Goliath.<a href="#cite_note-35">[34]</a> Refusing the king's offer of the royal armour,<a href="#cite_note-36">[35]</a> he kills Goliath with his <a href="/wiki/Sling_(weapon)" title="Sling (weapon)">sling</a>.<a href="#cite_note-37">[36]</a> Saul inquires the name of the young hero's father.<a href="#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Saul sets David over his army. All Israel loves David, but his popularity causes Saul to fear him ("What else can he wish but the kingdom?").<a href="#cite_note-39">[38]</a> Saul plots his death, but Saul's son <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(1_Samuel)" title="Jonathan (1 Samuel)">Jonathan</a>, who <a href="/wiki/David_and_Jonathan" title="David and Jonathan">loves David</a>, warns him of his father's schemes and David flees. He goes first to <a href="/wiki/Nob_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nob (Bible)">Nob</a>, where he is fed by the priest <a href="/wiki/Ahimelech" title="Ahimelech">Ahimelech</a> and given Goliath's sword, and then to <a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a>, the Philistine city of Goliath, intending to seek refuge with King <a href="/wiki/Achish" title="Achish">Achish</a> there. Achish's servants or officials question his loyalty, and David sees that he is in danger there.<a href="#cite_note-40">[39]</a> He goes next to the cave of <a href="/wiki/Adullam" title="Adullam">Adullam</a>, where his family joins him.<a href="#cite_note-41">[40]</a> From there he goes to seek refuge with the king of <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a>, but the prophet <a href="/wiki/Gad_(prophet)" title="Gad (prophet)">Gad</a> advises him to leave and he goes to the <a href="/wiki/Forest_of_Hereth" class="mw-redirect" title="Forest of Hereth">Forest of Hereth</a>,<a href="#cite_note-42">[41]</a> and then to <a href="/wiki/Keilah" title="Keilah">Keilah</a>, where he is involved in a further battle with the Philistines. Saul plans to besiege Keilah so that he can capture David, so David leaves the city in order to protect its inhabitants.<a href="#cite_note-43">[42]</a> From there he takes refuge in the mountainous <a href="/wiki/Ziph_(Judean_Mountains)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ziph (Judean Mountains)">Wilderness of Ziph</a>.<a href="#cite_note-44">[43]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jusepe_Leonardo_001.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Jusepe_Leonardo_001.jpeg/220px-Jusepe_Leonardo_001.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Jusepe_Leonardo_001.jpeg/330px-Jusepe_Leonardo_001.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Jusepe_Leonardo_001.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="360" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption>Saul threatening David, by <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Leonardo" title="José Leonardo">José Leonardo</a></figcaption></figure> Jonathan meets with David again and confirms his loyalty to David as the future king. After the people of Ziph notify Saul that David is taking refuge in their territory, Saul seeks confirmation and plans to capture David in the Wilderness of Maon, but his attention is diverted by a renewed Philistine invasion and David is able to secure some respite at <a href="/wiki/Ein_Gedi" title="Ein Gedi">Ein Gedi</a>.<a href="#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Returning from battle with the Philistines, Saul heads to Ein Gedi in pursuit of David. Needing privacy "<a href="/wiki/Defecation" title="Defecation">to attend to his needs</a>", Saul enters the cave where, as it happens, David and his supporters are hiding. David realises he has an <a href="/wiki/Window_of_opportunity" title="Window of opportunity">opportunity</a> to kill Saul, but instead, he secretly cuts off a piece of Saul's robe. When Saul leaves the cave, David comes out to pay homage to the king, and to demonstrate using the piece of robe that he holds no malice towards him. The two are thus reconciled and Saul recognises David as his successor.<a href="#cite_note-46">[45]</a> A similar passage occurs in 1 Samuel 26, when David is able to infiltrate Saul's camp on the hill of Hachilah and remove his spear and a jug of water from his side while he and his guards lie asleep. In this account, David is advised by <a href="/wiki/Abishai_(biblical_figure)" title="Abishai (biblical figure)">Abishai</a> that this is his opportunity to kill Saul, but David declines, saying he will not "stretch out [his] hand against the Lord's anointed".<a href="#cite_note-47">[46]</a> In the morning, David once again demonstrates to Saul that, despite ample opportunity, he did not deign to harm him. Saul, despite having already reconciled with David, confesses that he has been wrong to pursue David, and blesses him.<a href="#cite_note-48">[47]</a> In 1 Samuel 27:1–4, David begins to doubt Saul's sincerity, and reasons that the king will eventually make another attempt on his life. David appeals to king Achish of Gath to grant him and his family sanctuary. Achish agrees, and upon hearing that David has fled to Philistia, Saul ceases to pursue him,<a href="#cite_note-49">[48]</a> though no such pursuit seemed to be in progress at the time. Achish permits David to reside in <a href="/wiki/Ziklag" title="Ziklag">Ziklag</a>, close to the border between Philistia and Judah. To further ingratiate himself to Achish and the Philistines, David and his men raid the <a href="/wiki/Geshur" title="Geshur">Geshurites</a>, the Girzites, and the <a href="/wiki/Amalek" title="Amalek">Amalekites</a>, but lead the royal court to believe they are attacking the Israelites, the <a href="/wiki/Jerahmeelite" class="mw-redirect" title="Jerahmeelite">Jerahmeelites</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Kenite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenite">Kenites</a>. While Achish comes to believe that David had become a loyal <a href="/wiki/Vassal" title="Vassal">vassal</a>, the princes (or lords) of Gath remain unconvinced, and at their request, Achish instructs David to remain behind to guard the camp when the Philistines march against Saul.<a href="#cite_note-50">[49]</a> David returns to Ziklag and saves his wives and the citizens from an Amalekite raid.<a href="#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Jonathan and Saul are killed in battle with the Philistines,<a href="#cite_note-52">[51]</a> and after hearing of their deaths, David travels to Hebron, where he is anointed king over Judah.<a href="#cite_note-53">[52]</a> In the north, Saul's son <a href="/wiki/Ish-Bosheth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ish-Bosheth">Ish-Bosheth</a> is anointed king of Israel, and war ensues until Ish-Bosheth is murdered.<a href="#cite_note-54">[53]</a> With the death of Saul's son, the elders of Israel come to <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a> and David is anointed king over all of Israel.<a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> He conquers <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, previously a <a href="/wiki/Jebusite" class="mw-redirect" title="Jebusite">Jebusite</a> stronghold, and makes it his capital.<a href="#cite_note-56">[55]</a> He brings the <a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a> to the city,<a href="#cite_note-57">[56]</a> intending to build a temple for God, but the prophet <a href="/wiki/Nathan_(Prophet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nathan (Prophet)">Nathan</a> forbids it, prophesying that the temple would be built by one of David's sons.<a href="#cite_note-58">[57]</a> Nathan also prophesies that God has made a covenant with the house of David stating, "your throne shall be established forever".<a href="#cite_note-59">[58]</a> David wins additional victories over the Philistines, Moabites, <a href="/wiki/Edomites" class="mw-redirect" title="Edomites">Edomites</a>, Amalekites, <a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammonites</a> and king <a href="/wiki/Hadadezer_ben_Rehob" title="Hadadezer ben Rehob">Hadadezer</a> of <a href="/wiki/Aram-Zobah" class="mw-redirect" title="Aram-Zobah">Aram-Zobah</a>, after which they become tributaries. His fame increases as a result, earning the praise of figures like King <a href="/wiki/Tou_(biblical_figure)" title="Tou (biblical figure)">Toi</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hamath" class="mw-redirect" title="Hamath">Hamath</a>, Hadadezer's rival.<a href="#cite_note-60">[59]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt_-_The_Prophet_Nathan_rebukes_King_David.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt_-_The_Prophet_Nathan_rebukes_King_David.jpg/220px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt_-_The_Prophet_Nathan_rebukes_King_David.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt_-_The_Prophet_Nathan_rebukes_King_David.jpg/330px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt_-_The_Prophet_Nathan_rebukes_King_David.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt_-_The_Prophet_Nathan_rebukes_King_David.jpg/440px-Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt_-_The_Prophet_Nathan_rebukes_King_David.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1252" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The Prophet Nathan rebukes King David, oil on canvas by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne_Siberdt" title="Eugène Siberdt">Eugène Siberdt</a>, 1866–1931 (Mayfair Gallery, London)</figcaption></figure> During a siege of the Ammonite capital of <a href="/wiki/Rabbah" class="mw-redirect" title="Rabbah">Rabbah</a>, David remains in Jerusalem. He spies a woman, <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a>, bathing and summons her; she becomes pregnant.<a href="#cite_note-RichardsRichards2002-61">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Wilton2004-62">[61]</a><a href="#cite_note-Zucker2013-63">[62]</a> The text in the Bible does not explicitly state whether Bathsheba consented to sex with David.<a href="#cite_note-64">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-Campbell2005-65">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Campbell2004-67">[66]</a> David calls her husband, <a href="/wiki/Uriah_the_Hittite" title="Uriah the Hittite">Uriah the Hittite</a>, back from the battle to rest, hoping that he will go home to have sex with his wife and the child will be presumed to be his. Uriah does not visit his wife, however, so David conspires to have him killed in the heat of battle. David then marries the widowed Bathsheba.<a href="#cite_note-68">[67]</a> In response, Nathan, after trapping the king in his guilt with a parable that actually described his sin in analogy, prophesies the punishment that will fall upon him, stating "the sword shall never depart from your house."<a href="#cite_note-71">[b]</a> When David acknowledges that he has <a href="/wiki/Sin" title="Sin">sinned</a>,<a href="#cite_note-72">[70]</a> Nathan advises him that his sin is forgiven and he will not die,<a href="#cite_note-73">[71]</a> but the child will.<a href="#cite_note-74">[72]</a> In fulfillment of Nathan's words, the child born of the union between David and Bathsheba dies, and another of David's sons, <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a>, fueled by vengeance and lust for power, rebels.<a href="#cite_note-75">[73]</a> Thanks to <a href="/wiki/Hushai" title="Hushai">Hushai</a>, a friend of David who was ordered to infiltrate Absalom's court to successfully sabotage his plans, Absalom's forces are routed at the battle of the <a href="/wiki/Wood_of_Ephraim" class="mw-redirect" title="Wood of Ephraim">Wood of Ephraim</a>, and he is caught by his long hair in the branches of a tree where, contrary to David's order, he is killed by <a href="/wiki/Joab" title="Joab">Joab</a>, the commander of David's army.<a href="#cite_note-76">[74]</a> David laments the death of his favourite son: "O my son Absalom, my son, my son Absalom! Would I had died instead of you, O Absalom, my son, my son!"<a href="#cite_note-77">[75]</a> until Joab persuades him to recover from "the extravagance of his grief"<a href="#cite_note-78">[76]</a> and to fulfill his duty to his people.<a href="#cite_note-79">[77]</a> David returns to <a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Gilgal</a> and is escorted across the <a href="/wiki/River_Jordan" class="mw-redirect" title="River Jordan">River Jordan</a> and back to Jerusalem by the tribes of <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Judah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Benjamin" title="Tribe of Benjamin">Benjamin</a>.<a href="#cite_note-80">[78]</a> When David is old and bedridden, <a href="/wiki/Adonijah" title="Adonijah">Adonijah</a>, his eldest surviving son and natural heir, declares himself king.<a href="#cite_note-81">[79]</a> Bathsheba and Nathan go to David and obtain his agreement to crown Bathsheba's son <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> as king, according to David's earlier promise, and the revolt of Adonijah is put down.<a href="#cite_note-82">[80]</a> David dies at the age of 70 after reigning for 40 years,<a href="#cite_note-83">[81]</a> and on his deathbed counsels Solomon to walk in the ways of God and to take revenge on his enemies.<a href="#cite_note-84">[82]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Psalms">Psalms</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol1v.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol1v.jpg/220px-Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol1v.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol1v.jpg/330px-Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol1v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/94/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol1v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="412" data-file-height="458" /></a><figcaption>David Composing the Psalms, <a href="/wiki/Paris_Psalter" title="Paris Psalter">Paris Psalter</a>, 10th century<a href="#cite_note-85">[83]</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Samuel" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Samuel">Book of Samuel</a> calls David a skillful harp (lyre) player<a href="#cite_note-86">[84]</a> and "the sweet psalmist of Israel."<a href="#cite_note-88">[c]</a> Yet, while almost half of the <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a> are headed "A Psalm of David" (also translated as "to David" or "for David") and tradition identifies several with specific events in David's life (e.g., <a href="/wiki/Psalm_3" title="Psalm 3">Psalms 3</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_7" title="Psalm 7">7</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_18" title="Psalm 18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_34" title="Psalm 34">34</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">51</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_52" title="Psalm 52">52</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_54" title="Psalm 54">54</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_56" title="Psalm 56">56</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_57" title="Psalm 57">57</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_59" title="Psalm 59">59</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_60" title="Psalm 60">60</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psalm_63" title="Psalm 63">63</a> and <a href="/wiki/Psalm_142" title="Psalm 142">142</a>),<a href="#cite_note-89">[86]</a> the headings are late additions and no psalm can be attributed to David with certainty.<a href="#cite_note-McKenzie_on_David-90">[87]</a> Psalm 34 is attributed to David on the occasion of his escape from <a href="/wiki/Abimelech" title="Abimelech">Abimelech</a> (or King <a href="/wiki/Achish" title="Achish">Achish</a>) by pretending to be insane.<a href="#cite_note-91">[88]</a> According to the parallel narrative in 1 Samuel 21, instead of killing the man who had exacted so many casualties from him, Abimelech allows David to leave, exclaiming, "Am I so short of madmen that you have to bring this fellow here to carry on like this in front of me? Must this man come into my house?"<a href="#cite_note-92">[89]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interpretation_in_Abrahamic_tradition">Interpretation in Abrahamic tradition</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rabbinic_Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</h3></div> David is an important figure in <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a>, with many legends about him. According to one tradition, David was raised as the son of his father Jesse and spent his early years herding his father's sheep in the wilderness while his brothers were in school.<a href="#cite_note-Ginzberg_1909-93">[90]</a> David's adultery with Bathsheba is interpreted as an opportunity to demonstrate the power of repentance, and the Talmud says it was not adultery at all, citing a Jewish practice of divorce on the eve of battle. Furthermore, according to Talmudic sources, Uriah's death was not murder, because Uriah had committed a capital offense by refusing to obey a direct command from the King.<a href="#cite_note-94">[91]</a> However, in tractate Sanhedrin, David expressed remorse over his transgressions and sought forgiveness. God ultimately forgave David and Bathsheba but would not remove their sins from Scripture.<a href="#cite_note-95">[92]</a> In <a href="/wiki/Legends_of_the_Jews" title="Legends of the Jews">Jewish legend</a>, David's sin with Bathsheba is the punishment for David's excessive self-consciousness. He had besought God to lead him into temptation so that he might give proof of his constancy like Abraham, Isaac, and Jacob, who successfully passed the test and whose names later were united with God's, while David failed through the temptation of a woman.<a href="#cite_note-Ginzberg_1909-93">[90]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Midrashim" class="mw-redirect" title="Midrashim">midrashim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a> gave up 70 years of his life for the life of David.<a href="#cite_note-96">[93]</a> Also, according to the <a href="/wiki/Talmud_Yerushalmi" class="mw-redirect" title="Talmud Yerushalmi">Talmud Yerushalmi</a>, David was born and died on the Jewish holiday of <a href="/wiki/Shavuot" title="Shavuot">Shavuot</a> (Feast of Weeks). His piety was said to be so great that his prayers could bring down things from Heaven.<a href="#cite_note-97">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Christianity">Christianity</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above n" style="font-size:125%;background-color:gold;"><div style="display:inline;" class="fn">King David the Prophet</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg/250px-5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg/375px-5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg/500px-5201-king-david-in-prayer-pieter-de-grebber.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1161" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">King David in Prayer, by <a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_Grebber" title="Pieter de Grebber">Pieter de Grebber</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1640)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:gold;">Holy Monarch, Prophet, Reformer, Spiritual Poet and Musician, Vicegerent of God, Psalm-Receiver</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Venerated in</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism">Roman Catholicism</a><a href="#cite_note-98">[95]</a> <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodoxy" title="Eastern Orthodoxy">Eastern Orthodoxy</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodoxy" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodoxy">Oriental Orthodoxy</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Feast</a></th><td class="infobox-data">December 29, 6 October – Roman Catholicism</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Saint_symbolism" title="Saint symbolism">Attributes</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harp" title="Harp">Harp</a>, Head of <a href="/wiki/Goliath" title="Goliath">Goliath</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">Genealogy of Jesus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a></div> The Messiah concept is fundamental in Christianity. Originally an earthly king ruling by divine appointment ("the anointed one", as the title <a href="/wiki/Messiah" title="Messiah">Messiah</a> had it), in the last two centuries BCE the "son of David" became the apocalyptic and heavenly one who would deliver Israel and usher in a new kingdom. This was the background to the concept of Messiahship in early Christianity, which interpreted the career of Jesus "by means of the titles and functions assigned to David in the mysticism of the Zion cult, in which he served as priest-king and in which he was the mediator between God and man".<a href="#cite_note-99">[96]</a> The early Church believed that "the life of David foreshadowed the life of Christ; <a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a> is the birthplace of both; the shepherd life of David points out Christ, <a href="/wiki/The_Good_Shepherd_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Good Shepherd (Christianity)">the Good Shepherd</a>; the five stones chosen to slay Goliath are <a href="/wiki/Typology_(theology)" title="Typology (theology)">typical</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Wounds" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy Wounds">five wounds</a>; the betrayal by his trusted counsellor, <a href="/wiki/Ahitophel" title="Ahitophel">Ahitophel</a>, and the passage over the <a href="/wiki/Kidron_Valley" title="Kidron Valley">Cedron</a> remind us of Christ's <a href="/wiki/Passion_(Christianity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Passion (Christianity)">Sacred Passion</a>. Many of the Davidic Psalms, as we learn from the New Testament, are clearly typical of the future Messiah."<a href="#cite_note-corbett-100">[97]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, "<a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> thought of himself, and was viewed by his court scholars, as a 'new David'. [This was] not in itself a new idea, but [one whose] content and significance were greatly enlarged by him".<a href="#cite_note-101">[98]</a> <a href="/wiki/Latin_liturgical_rites" title="Latin liturgical rites">Western Rite</a> churches (<a href="/wiki/Lutheran" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran">Lutheran</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>) celebrate David's feast day on 29 December or 6 October,<a href="#cite_note-102">[99]</a> Eastern-rite on 19 December.<a href="#cite_note-103">[100]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox_Church" title="Eastern Orthodox Church">Eastern Orthodox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic Churches</a> celebrate the <a href="/wiki/Feast_day" class="mw-redirect" title="Feast day">feast day</a> of the "Holy Righteous Prophet and King David" on the Sunday of the Holy Forefathers (two Sundays before the <a href="/wiki/Great_Feast" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Feast">Great Feast</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Nativity of the Lord</a>) and on the Sunday of the Holy Fathers (Sunday before the <a href="/wiki/Christmas" title="Christmas">Nativity</a>), when he is commemorated together with other <a href="/wiki/Genealogy_of_Jesus" title="Genealogy of Jesus">ancestors of Jesus</a>. He is also commemorated on the Sunday after the Nativity, together with <a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph</a> and <a href="/wiki/James,_the_Brother_of_the_Lord" class="mw-redirect" title="James, the Brother of the Lord">James, the Brother of the Lord</a> and on 26 December (Synaxis of the Mother of God).<a href="#cite_note-104">[101]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h4></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arms_of_Ireland_(Variant_1)_(Historical).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Arms_of_Ireland_%28Variant_1%29_%28Historical%29.svg/170px-Arms_of_Ireland_%28Variant_1%29_%28Historical%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Arms_of_Ireland_%28Variant_1%29_%28Historical%29.svg/255px-Arms_of_Ireland_%28Variant_1%29_%28Historical%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Arms_of_Ireland_%28Variant_1%29_%28Historical%29.svg/340px-Arms_of_Ireland_%28Variant_1%29_%28Historical%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="537" /></a><figcaption>Coat of arms <a href="/wiki/Attributed_arms" title="Attributed arms">attributed</a> to King David by mediaeval heralds.<a href="#cite_note-105">[102]</a> (Identical to the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Ireland" title="Coat of arms of Ireland">arms of Ireland</a>)</figcaption></figure> In European <a href="/wiki/Christian_culture" title="Christian culture">Christian culture</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a>, David was made a member of the <a href="/wiki/Nine_Worthies" title="Nine Worthies">Nine Worthies</a>, a group of heroes encapsulating all the ideal qualities of <a href="/wiki/Chivalry" title="Chivalry">chivalry</a>. His life was thus proposed as a valuable subject for study by those aspiring to chivalric status. This aspect of David in the Nine Worthies was popularised first through literature, and thereafter adopted as a frequent subject for painters and sculptors. David was considered a model ruler and a symbol of <a href="/wiki/Divine_right_of_kings" title="Divine right of kings">divinely ordained monarchy</a> throughout medieval <a href="/wiki/Western_Europe" title="Western Europe">Western Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern</a> <a href="/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom">Christendom</a>. He was perceived as the biblical predecessor to Christian Roman and Byzantine emperors and the name "New David" was used as an honorific reference to these rulers.<a href="#cite_note-Garipzanov-106">[103]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Georgia" title="Kingdom of Georgia">Georgian</a> <a href="/wiki/Bagrationi" class="mw-redirect" title="Bagrationi">Bagratids</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a> of <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Ethiopia" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire of Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a> claimed direct <a href="/wiki/Claim_of_the_biblical_descent_of_the_Bagrationi_dynasty" title="Claim of the biblical descent of the Bagrationi dynasty">biological descent</a> from him.<a href="#cite_note-107">[104]</a> Likewise, kings of the <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_dynasty" title="Carolingian dynasty">Carolingian dynasty</a> frequently connected themselves to David; <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> himself occasionally used "David" his pseudonym.<a href="#cite_note-Garipzanov-106">[103]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Islam">Islam</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">David in Islam</a></div> David (Arabic: داوود Dā'ūd or Dāwūd) is an important figure in <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islam</a> as one of the major <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a> <a href="/wiki/God" title="God">God</a> sent to guide the <a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a>. He is mentioned several times in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a> name داود, Dāwūd or Dā'ūd, often with his son <a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Solomon</a>. In the Quran, David killed <a href="/wiki/Goliath#Islam" title="Goliath">Goliath</a> (<a href="/wiki/Q2:251" class="mw-redirect" title="Q2:251">Q2:251</a>), a giant soldier in the Philistine army. When David killed Goliath, God granted him kingship and wisdom and enforced it (<a href="/wiki/Q38:20" class="mw-redirect" title="Q38:20">Q38:20</a>). David was made God's "<a href="/wiki/Vicegerent" title="Vicegerent">vicegerent</a> on earth" (<a href="/wiki/Q38:26" class="mw-redirect" title="Q38:26">Q38:26</a>) and God further gave David sound judgment (<a href="/wiki/Q21:78" class="mw-redirect" title="Q21:78">Q21:78</a>; <a href="/wiki/Q37:21%E2%80%9324" class="mw-redirect" title="Q37:21–24">Q37:21–24</a>, <a href="/wiki/Q26" class="mw-redirect" title="Q26">Q26</a>) as well as the <a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a>, regarded as books of divine wisdom (<a href="/wiki/Q4:163" class="mw-redirect" title="Q4:163">Q4:163</a>; <a href="/wiki/Q17:55" class="mw-redirect" title="Q17:55">Q17:55</a>). The birds and mountains united with David in uttering praise to God (<a href="/wiki/Q21:79" class="mw-redirect" title="Q21:79">Q21:79</a>; <a href="/wiki/Q34:10" class="mw-redirect" title="Q34:10">Q34:10</a>; <a href="/wiki/Q38:18" class="mw-redirect" title="Q38:18">Q38:18</a>), while God made iron soft for David (<a href="/wiki/Q34:10" class="mw-redirect" title="Q34:10">Q34:10</a>),<a href="#cite_note-108">[105]</a> God also instructed David in the art of fashioning <a href="/wiki/Chain_mail" title="Chain mail">chain mail</a> out of iron (<a href="/wiki/Q21:80" class="mw-redirect" title="Q21:80">Q21:80</a>);<a href="#cite_note-109">[106]</a> this knowledge gave David a major advantage over his <a href="/wiki/Bronze" title="Bronze">bronze</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cast_iron" title="Cast iron">cast iron</a>-armed opponents, not to mention the cultural and economic impact. Together with Solomon, David gave judgment in a case of damage to the fields (<a href="/wiki/Q21:78" class="mw-redirect" title="Q21:78">Q21:78</a>) and David judged the matter between two disputants in his prayer chamber (<a href="/wiki/Q38:21%E2%80%9323" class="mw-redirect" title="Q38:21–23">Q38:21–23</a>). Since there is no mention in the Quran of the wrong David did to <a href="/wiki/Uriah_the_Hittite" title="Uriah the Hittite">Uriah</a> nor any reference to <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> reject this narrative.<a href="#cite_note-110">[107]</a> Muslim <a href="/wiki/Tradition" title="Tradition">tradition</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Hadith" title="Hadith">hadith</a> stress David's zeal in daily prayer as well as in <a href="/wiki/Fasting" title="Fasting">fasting</a>.<a href="#cite_note-111">[108]</a> Quran commentators, historians and compilers of the numerous <a href="/wiki/Stories_of_the_Prophets" class="mw-redirect" title="Stories of the Prophets">Stories of the Prophets</a> elaborate upon David's concise quranic narratives and specifically mention David's gift in singing his Psalms, his beautiful recitation, and his vocal talents. His voice is described as having a captivating power, weaving its influence not only over man but over all beasts and nature, who would unite with him to praise God.<a href="#cite_note-112">[109]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historicity">Historicity</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Historicity_of_the_Bible" title="Historicity of the Bible">Historicity of the Bible</a> and <a href="/wiki/Davidic_line#Historicity" title="Davidic line">Davidic line § Historicity</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literary_analysis">Literary analysis</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:David_SM_Maggiore.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/David_SM_Maggiore.jpg/180px-David_SM_Maggiore.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="326" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/David_SM_Maggiore.jpg/270px-David_SM_Maggiore.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/David_SM_Maggiore.jpg/360px-David_SM_Maggiore.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="1540" /></a><figcaption>Statue of David (1609–1612) by <a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Cordier" title="Nicolas Cordier">Nicolas Cordier</a></figcaption></figure> Biblical literature and archaeological finds are the only sources that attest to David's life. Some scholars have concluded that this was likely compiled from contemporary records of the 11th and 10th centuries BCE, but that there is no clear historical basis for determining the exact date of compilation.<a href="#cite_note-113">[110]</a> Other scholars believe that the <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">Books of Samuel</a> were substantially composed during the time of <a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a>, king of Judah, at the end of the 7th century BCE, extended during the <a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity">Babylonian captivity</a> and substantially complete by about 550 BCE. Old Testament scholar <a href="/wiki/A._Graeme_Auld" title="A. Graeme Auld">A. Graeme Auld</a> contends that further editing was done even after then—the silver quarter-<a href="/wiki/Shekel" title="Shekel">shekel</a> Saul's servant offers to Samuel in <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Samuel#9:8" class="extiw" title="s:Bible (King James)/1 Samuel">1 Samuel 9:8</a> "almost certainly fixes the date of the story in the Persian or Hellenistic period" because a quarter-shekel was known to exist in Hasmonean times.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuld2003219-114">[111]</a> The authors and editors of Samuel drew on many earlier sources, including, for their history of David, the "history of David's rise"<a href="#cite_note-115">[112]</a> and the "succession narrative".<a href="#cite_note-116">[113]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight1991853-117">[114]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Books_of_Chronicles" title="Books of Chronicles">Books of Chronicles</a>, which tells the story from a different point of view, was probably composed in the period 350–300 BCE, and uses Samuel and Kings as its source.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKenzie200432-118">[115]</a> Biblical evidence indicates that David's Judah was something less than a full-fledged monarchy: it often calls him <a href="/wiki/Nagid" title="Nagid">nagid</a> "prince, chief" (Hebrew: נָגִיד, romanized: nāgīḏ), rather than <a href="/wiki/Malik" title="Malik">melekh</a> "king" (מֶלֶךְ); David sets up none of the complex bureaucracy that a kingdom needs. His army is made up of volunteers and his followers are largely relations or from his home region of <a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMooreKelle2011220–221-119">[116]</a> Beyond this, the full range of possible interpretations is available. A number of scholars consider the David story to be a heroic tale similar to the legend of <a href="/wiki/King_Arthur" title="King Arthur">King Arthur</a> or the epics of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>,<a href="#cite_note-120">[117]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[118]</a> while others find such comparisons questionable.<a href="#cite_note-122">[119]</a> One theme paralleled with <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_Eastern_Texts_Relating_to_the_Old_Testament" title="Ancient Near Eastern Texts Relating to the Old Testament">other Near Eastern literature</a> is the <a href="/wiki/Homoerotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoerotic">homoerotic</a> nature of the relationship between <a href="/wiki/David_and_Jonathan" title="David and Jonathan">David and Jonathan</a>. The instance in the <a href="/wiki/Book_of_Jashar" class="mw-redirect" title="Book of Jashar">Book of Jashar</a>, excerpted in <a href="/wiki/2_Samuel_1" title="2 Samuel 1">2 Samuel 1</a>:26, where David "proclaims that Jonathan's love was sweeter to him than the love of a woman", has been compared to <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a>' comparison of <a href="/wiki/Patroclus" title="Patroclus">Patroclus</a> to a girl and <a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a>'s love for <a href="/wiki/Enkidu" title="Enkidu">Enkidu</a> "as a woman".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon195589-123">[120]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorner197819-124">[121]</a> Others hold that the David story is a political apology—an answer to contemporary charges against him, of his involvement in murders and regicide.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaden201312-125">[122]</a> The authors and editors of Samuel and Chronicles aimed not to record history but to promote David's reign as inevitable and desirable, and for this reason there is little about David that is concrete and undisputed.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMooreKelle2011232–233-13">[12]</a> Other scholars argue that, notwithstanding the apologetic tenor of the story, the authors of Samuel were also critical of David in several respects, suggesting that the text presents a complex portrait of him rather than a purely propagandistic one.<a href="#cite_note-126">[123]</a> Some other studies of David have been written: <a href="/wiki/Baruch_Halpern" title="Baruch Halpern">Baruch Halpern</a> has pictured him as a brutal tyrant, a murderer, and a lifelong vassal of <a href="/wiki/Achish" title="Achish">Achish</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Philistine" class="mw-redirect" title="Philistine">Philistine</a> king of <a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a>;<a href="#cite_note-127">[124]</a> Steven McKenzie argues that David came from a wealthy family, and was an "ambitious and ruthless" tyrant who murdered his opponents, including his sons.<a href="#cite_note-McKenzie_on_David-90">[87]</a> Joel S. Baden has called him "an ambitious, ruthless, flesh-and-blood man who achieved power by any means necessary, including murder, theft, bribery, sex, deceit, and treason".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaden2013-128">[125]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] <a href="/wiki/William_G._Dever" title="William G. Dever">William G. Dever</a> described him as "a serial killer".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2020-129">[126]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jacob_L._Wright" title="Jacob L. Wright">Jacob L. Wright</a> has written that the most popular legends about David, including his killing of Goliath, his affair with <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a>, and his ruling of the unified <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Kingdom of Israel</a> rather than just Judah, are the creation of those who lived generations after him, in particular those living in the late Persian or Hellenistic periods.<a href="#cite_note-130">[127]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_findings">Archaeological findings</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Tel_Dan_stele" title="Tel Dan stele">Tel Dan stele</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JRSLM_300116_Tel_Dan_Stele_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/JRSLM_300116_Tel_Dan_Stele_01.jpg/220px-JRSLM_300116_Tel_Dan_Stele_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="213" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/JRSLM_300116_Tel_Dan_Stele_01.jpg/330px-JRSLM_300116_Tel_Dan_Stele_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/JRSLM_300116_Tel_Dan_Stele_01.jpg/440px-JRSLM_300116_Tel_Dan_Stele_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1455" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Dan_stele" title="Tel Dan stele">Tel Dan stele</a></figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Tel_Dan_stele" title="Tel Dan stele">Tel Dan stele</a>, discovered in 1993, is an inscribed stone erected by <a href="/wiki/Hazael" title="Hazael">Hazael</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Aram-Damascus" title="Aram-Damascus">king of Damascus</a> in the late 9th/early 8th centuries BCE. It commemorates the king's victory over two enemy kings, and contains the phrase 𐤁𐤉𐤕𐤃𐤅𐤃, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style>bytdwd, which most scholars translate as "House of David".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioske2015180-131">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELemaire1994-132">[129]</a> Other scholars have challenged this reading,<a href="#cite_note-133">[130]</a> but this is likely a reference to a dynasty of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> which traced its ancestry to a founder named David.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioske2015180-131">[128]</a> Two <a href="/wiki/Epigrapher" class="mw-redirect" title="Epigrapher">epigraphers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lemaire" title="André Lemaire">André Lemaire</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89mile_Puech" title="Émile Puech">Émile Puech</a>, hypothesised in 1994 that the <a href="/wiki/Mesha_Stele" title="Mesha Stele">Mesha Stele</a> from <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a>, dating from the 9th century, also contain the words "House of David" at the end of Line 31, although this was considered as less certain than the mention in the Tel Dan inscription.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioske2015210,_fn._18-134">[131]</a> In May 2019, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nadav_Na%27aman" title="Nadav Na'aman">Nadav Na'aman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_R%C3%B6mer" title="Thomas Römer">Thomas Römer</a> concluded from the new images that the ruler's name contained three consonants and started with a <a href="/wiki/Bet_(letter)" title="Bet (letter)">bet</a>, which excludes the reading "House of David" and, in conjunction with the monarch's city of residence "Horonaim" in Moab, makes it likely that the one mentioned is King <a href="/wiki/Balak" title="Balak">Balak</a>, a name also known from the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinNa'amanRömer2019-135">[132]</a><a href="#cite_note-AAAS-136">[133]</a> Later that year, Michael Langlois used high-resolution photographs of both the inscription itself, and the 19th-century original <a href="/wiki/Squeeze_paper" title="Squeeze paper">squeeze</a> of the then still intact stele to reaffirm Lemaire's view that line 31 contains the phrase "House of David".<a href="#cite_note-AAAS-136">[133]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELanglois2019-137">[134]</a> Replying to Langlois, Na'aman argued that the "House of David" reading is unacceptable because the resulting sentence structure is extremely rare in West Semitic royal inscriptions.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENa'aman2019196-138">[135]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Karnak_Tempel_19.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Karnak_Tempel_19.jpg/180px-Karnak_Tempel_19.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="240" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Karnak_Tempel_19.jpg/270px-Karnak_Tempel_19.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Karnak_Tempel_19.jpg/360px-Karnak_Tempel_19.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3128" data-file-height="4170" /></a><figcaption>The Triumphal Relief of <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a> near the <a href="/wiki/Bubastite_Portal" title="Bubastite Portal">Bubastite Portal</a> at <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>, depicting the god <a href="/wiki/Amun-Re" class="mw-redirect" title="Amun-Re">Amun-Re</a> receiving a list of cities and villages conquered by the king in his Near Eastern military campaigns.</figcaption></figure> Besides the two steles, Bible scholar and Egyptologist <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kitchen" title="Kenneth Kitchen">Kenneth Kitchen</a> suggests that David's name also appears in a relief of the pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a>, who is usually identified with <a href="/wiki/Shishak" title="Shishak">Shishak</a> in the Bible.<a href="#cite_note-139">[136]</a><a href="#cite_note-Phar-140">[137]</a> The relief claims that Shoshenq raided places in <a href="/wiki/Palestine_(region)" title="Palestine (region)">Palestine</a> in 925 BCE, and Kitchen interprets one place as "Heights of David", which was in southern Judah and the <a href="/wiki/Negev" title="Negev">Negev</a> where the Bible says David took refuge from Saul. The relief is damaged and interpretation is uncertain.<a href="#cite_note-Phar-140">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Archaeological_analysis">Archaeological analysis</h3></div> Of the evidence in question, John Haralson Hayes and James Maxwell Miller wrote in 2006: "If one is not convinced in advance by the biblical profile, then there is nothing in the archaeological evidence itself to suggest that much of consequence was going on in Palestine during the tenth century BCE, and certainly nothing to suggest that Jerusalem was a great political and cultural center."<a href="#cite_note-141">[138]</a> This echoed the 1995 conclusion of <a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Kuhrt" title="Amélie Kuhrt">Amélie Kuhrt</a>, who noted that "there are no royal inscriptions from the time of the united monarchy (indeed very little written material altogether), and not a single contemporary reference to either David or Solomon," while noting, "against this must be set the evidence for substantial development and growth at several sites, which is plausibly related to the tenth century."<a href="#cite_note-Kuhrtp438-142">[139]</a> In 2007, <a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a> and <a href="/wiki/Neil_Asher_Silberman" title="Neil Asher Silberman">Neil Asher Silberman</a> stated that the archaeological evidence shows that Judah was sparsely inhabited and Jerusalem no more than a small village. The evidence suggested that David ruled only as a chieftain over an area which cannot be described as a state or as a kingdom, but more as a chiefdom, much smaller and always overshadowed by the older and more powerful <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">kingdom of Israel</a> to the north.<a href="#cite_note-143">[140]</a> They posited that Israel and Judah were not monotheistic at the time and that later 7th-century redactors sought to portray a past golden age of a united, monotheistic monarchy in order to serve contemporary needs.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidlu6ywyJr0CMCpgPA23_23];_241–247-144">[141]</a> They noted a lack of archeological evidence for David's military campaigns and a relative underdevelopment of Jerusalem, the capital of Judah, compared to a more developed and urbanized Samaria, capital of Israel during the 9th century BCE.<a href="#cite_note-145">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002131Table_Two-146">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[144]</a> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Amihai Mazar</a> wrote that the <a href="/wiki/United_Monarchy" class="mw-redirect" title="United Monarchy">United Monarchy</a> of the 10th century BCE can be described as a "state in development".<a href="#cite_note-amazar-148">[145]</a> He compared David to <a href="/wiki/Labaya" title="Labaya">Labaya</a>, a Caananite warlord living during the time of Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>. While Mazar believes that David reigned over Israel during the 11th century BCE, he argues that much of the Biblical text is of "literary-legendary nature".<a href="#cite_note-149">[146]</a> According to William G. Dever, the reigns of <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a>, David and <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> are reasonably well attested, but "most archeologists today would argue that the United Monarchy was not much more than a kind of hill-country chiefdom".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2020Chapter_5-150">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2017322–324-151">[148]</a><a href="#cite_note-152">[149]</a> <a href="/wiki/Lester_L._Grabbe" title="Lester L. Grabbe">Lester L. Grabbe</a> wrote in 2017: "The main question is what kind of settlement Jerusalem was in Iron IIA: was it a minor settlement, perhaps a large village or possibly a citadel but not a city, or was it the capital of a flourishing—or at least an emerging—state? Assessments differ considerably".<a href="#cite_note-153">[150]</a> Isaac Kalimi wrote in 2018, "No contemporaneous extra-biblical source offers any account of the political situation in Israel and Judah during the tenth century BCE, and as we have seen, the archaeological remains themselves cannot provide any unambiguous evidence of events."<a href="#cite_note-Kalimi_p._32-12">[11]</a> The view of Davidic Jerusalem as a village has been challenged by <a href="/wiki/Eilat_Mazar" title="Eilat Mazar">Eilat Mazar</a>'s excavation of the <a href="/wiki/Large_Stone_Structure" title="Large Stone Structure">Large Stone Structure</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Stepped_Stone_Structure" title="Stepped Stone Structure">Stepped Stone Structure</a> in 2005.<a href="#cite_note-154">[151]</a> Mazar proposed that these two structures may have been architecturally linked as one unit and that they date to the time of King David. Mazar supports this dating with a number of artifacts, including pottery, two Phoenician-style ivory inlays, a black-and-red jug, and a radiocarbon-dated bone, estimated to be from the 10th century.<a href="#cite_note-155">[152]</a> Dever, <a href="/wiki/Amihai_Mazar" title="Amihai Mazar">Amihai Mazar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Faust" title="Avraham Faust">Avraham Faust</a>, and Nadav Na'aman have argued in favour of the 10th-century BCE dating and responded to challenges to it.<a href="#cite_note-amazar-148">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-157">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENa'aman2014-158">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2017277–283-159">[156]</a> In 2010, Eilat Mazar announced the discovery of part of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_city_walls_around_the_City_of_David" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient city walls around the City of David">ancient city walls around the City of David</a>, which she believes date to the 10th century BCE. According to Mazar, this would prove that an organized state did exist in the 10th century.<a href="#cite_note-:0-160">[157]</a> In 2006, <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_Kitchen" title="Kenneth Kitchen">Kenneth Kitchen</a> came to a similar conclusion, arguing that "the physical archaeology of tenth-century <a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a> is consistent with the former existence of a unified state on its terrain."<a href="#cite_note-161">[158]</a> Scholars such as <a href="/wiki/Israel_Finkelstein" title="Israel Finkelstein">Israel Finkelstein</a>, Lily Singer-Avitz, <a href="/wiki/Ze%27ev_Herzog" title="Ze'ev Herzog">Ze'ev Herzog</a> and <a href="/wiki/David_Ussishkin" title="David Ussishkin">David Ussishkin</a> do not accept these conclusions.<a href="#cite_note-162">[159]</a> Finkelstein does not accept the dating of these structures to the 10th century BCE, based in part on the fact that later structures on the site penetrated deep into underlying layers, that the entire area had been excavated in the early 20th century and then backfilled, that pottery from later periods was found below earlier strata, and that consequently the finds collected by E. Mazar cannot necessarily be considered as retrieved in situ.<a href="#cite_note-163">[160]</a> <a href="/wiki/Aren_Maeir" title="Aren Maeir">Aren Maeir</a> said in 2010 that he has seen no evidence that these structures are from the 10th century BCE and that proof of the existence of a strong, centralized kingdom at that time remains "tenuous."<a href="#cite_note-:0-160">[157]</a> Excavations at <a href="/wiki/Khirbet_Qeiyafa" title="Khirbet Qeiyafa">Khirbet Qeiyafa</a> by archaeologists <a href="/wiki/Yosef_Garfinkel" title="Yosef Garfinkel">Yosef Garfinkel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saar_Ganor" title="Saar Ganor">Saar Ganor</a> found an urbanized settlement <a href="/wiki/Radiocarbon_dated" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiocarbon dated">radiocarbon dated</a> to the 10th century, which supports the existence of an urbanised kingdom. The <a href="/wiki/Israel_Antiquities_Authority" title="Israel Antiquities Authority">Israel Antiquities Authority</a> stated: "The excavations at Khirbat Qeiyafa clearly reveal an urban society that existed in Judah already in the late eleventh century BCE. It can no longer be argued that the Kingdom of Judah developed only in the late eighth century BCE or at some other later date."<a href="#cite_note-garfinkel2012-164">[161]</a> But other scholars have criticized the techniques and interpretations to reach some conclusions related to Khirbet Qeiyafa, such as Israel Finkelstein and Alexander Fantalkin of <a href="/wiki/Tel_Aviv_University" title="Tel Aviv University">Tel Aviv University</a>, who have instead proposed that the city is to be identified as part of a northern Israelite polity.<a href="#cite_note-finkelsteinfantalkin2012-165">[162]</a> In 2018, <a href="/wiki/Avraham_Faust" title="Avraham Faust">Avraham Faust</a> and Yair Sapir stated that a Canaanite site at <a href="/wiki/Tel_Eton" title="Tel Eton">Tel Eton</a>, about 30 miles from Jerusalem, was taken over by a Judahite community by peaceful assimilation and transformed from a village into a central town at some point in the late 11th or early 10th century BCE. This transformation used some <a href="/wiki/Ashlar" title="Ashlar">ashlar</a> blocks in construction, which they argued supports the United Monarchy theory.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaustSapir20181-166">[163]</a><a href="#cite_note-167">[164]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Art_and_literature">Art and literature</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:081.David_Mourns_the_Death_of_Absalom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/081.David_Mourns_the_Death_of_Absalom.jpg/180px-081.David_Mourns_the_Death_of_Absalom.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/081.David_Mourns_the_Death_of_Absalom.jpg/270px-081.David_Mourns_the_Death_of_Absalom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/081.David_Mourns_the_Death_of_Absalom.jpg/360px-081.David_Mourns_the_Death_of_Absalom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2349" data-file-height="2902" /></a><figcaption>David mourning the death of Absalom, by Gustave Doré</figcaption></figure> Literary works about David include: <ul><li>1517 <a href="/wiki/Davidiad" title="Davidiad">The Davidiad</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Neo-Latin" title="Neo-Latin">Neo-Latin</a> <a href="/wiki/Epic_poem" class="mw-redirect" title="Epic poem">epic poem</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Croatian_language" title="Croatian language">Croatian</a> <a href="/wiki/National_poet" title="National poet">national poet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_priest" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic priest">Roman Catholic priest</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Renaissance_humanism" title="Renaissance humanism">Renaissance humanist</a> <a href="/wiki/Marko_Maruli%C4%87" title="Marko Marulić">Marko Marulić</a> (whose name is sometimes <a href="/wiki/Latinisation_of_names" title="Latinisation of names">Latinized</a> as "Marcus Marulus"). In addition to the small portions that attempt to recall the epics of <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a>, The Davidiad is heavily modeled upon <a href="/wiki/Virgil" title="Virgil">Virgil</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Aeneid" title="Aeneid">Aeneid</a>. This is so much the case that Marulić's contemporaries called him the "Christian Virgil from <a href="/wiki/Split,_Croatia" title="Split, Croatia">Split</a>." The <a href="/wiki/Philologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Philologist">philologist</a> <a href="/wiki/Miroslav_Marcovich" title="Miroslav Marcovich">Miroslav Marcovich</a> also detects, "the influence of <a href="/wiki/Ovid" title="Ovid">Ovid</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lucan" title="Lucan">Lucan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Statius" title="Statius">Statius</a>" in the work.</li> <li>1681–82 <a href="/wiki/John_Dryden" title="John Dryden">Dryden</a>'s long poem <a href="/wiki/Absalom_and_Achitophel" title="Absalom and Achitophel">Absalom and Achitophel</a> is an allegory that uses the story of the rebellion of <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a> against King David as the basis for his satire of the contemporary political situation, including events such as the <a href="/wiki/Monmouth_Rebellion" title="Monmouth Rebellion">Monmouth Rebellion</a> (1685), the <a href="/wiki/Popish_Plot" title="Popish Plot">Popish Plot</a> (1678) and the <a href="/wiki/Exclusion_Crisis" title="Exclusion Crisis">Exclusion Crisis</a>.</li> <li>1893 <a href="/wiki/Sir_Arthur_Conan_Doyle" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Arthur Conan Doyle">Sir Arthur Conan Doyle</a> may have used the story of David and Bathsheba as a foundation for the <a href="/wiki/Sherlock_Holmes" title="Sherlock Holmes">Sherlock Holmes</a> story <a href="/wiki/The_Adventure_of_the_Crooked_Man" title="The Adventure of the Crooked Man">The Adventure of the Crooked Man</a>. Holmes mentions "the small affair of Uriah and Bathsheba" at the end of the story.<a href="#cite_note-168">[165]</a></li> <li>1928 <a href="/wiki/Elmer_Davis" title="Elmer Davis">Elmer Davis</a>'s novel Giant Killer retells and embellishes the biblical story of David, casting David as primarily a poet who managed always to find others to do the "dirty work" of heroism and kingship. In the novel, <a href="/wiki/Elhanan_son_of_Jair" class="mw-redirect" title="Elhanan son of Jair">Elhanan</a> in fact killed Goliath but David claimed the credit; and <a href="/wiki/Joab" title="Joab">Joab</a>, David's cousin and general, took it upon himself to make many of the difficult decisions of war and statecraft when David vacillated or wrote poetry instead.</li> <li>1936 <a href="/wiki/William_Faulkner" title="William Faulkner">William Faulkner</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Absalom,_Absalom!" title="Absalom, Absalom!">Absalom, Absalom!</a> refers to the story of Absalom, David's son; his rebellion against his father and his death at the hands of David's general, Joab. In addition it parallels Absalom's vengeance for the rape of his sister <a href="/wiki/Tamar_(daughter_of_David)" title="Tamar (daughter of David)">Tamar</a> by his half-brother, <a href="/wiki/Amnon" title="Amnon">Amnon</a>.</li> <li>1946 <a href="/wiki/Gladys_Schmitt" title="Gladys Schmitt">Gladys Schmitt</a>'s novel David the King was a richly embellished biography of David's entire life. The book took a risk, especially for its time, in portraying David's relationship with Jonathan as overtly <a href="/wiki/Homoerotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Homoerotic">homoerotic</a>, but was ultimately panned by critics as a bland rendition of the title character.</li> <li>1966 <a href="/wiki/Juan_Bosch_(politician)" title="Juan Bosch (politician)">Juan Bosch</a>, a Dominican political leader and writer, wrote David: Biography of a King, as a realistic portrayal of David's life and political career.</li> <li>1970 <a href="/wiki/Dan_Jacobson" title="Dan Jacobson">Dan Jacobson</a>'s The Rape of Tamar is an imagined account, by one of David's courtiers Yonadab, of the rape of Tamar by Amnon.</li> <li>1972 <a href="/wiki/Stefan_Heym" title="Stefan Heym">Stefan Heym</a> wrote The King David Report in which the historian <a href="/wiki/Ethan_(biblical_figure)" title="Ethan (biblical figure)">Ethan</a> compiles upon King Solomon's orders "a true and authoritative report on the life of David, Son of Jesse"—the East German writer's wry depiction of a court historian writing an "authorized" history, many incidents clearly intended as satirical references to the writer's own time.</li> <li>1974 In <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Burnett_Swann" title="Thomas Burnett Swann">Thomas Burnett Swann</a>'s biblical fantasy novel How are the Mighty Fallen, David and Jonathan are explicitly stated to be lovers. Moreover, Jonathan is a member of a winged semi-human race (possibly <a href="/wiki/Nephilim" title="Nephilim">nephilim</a>), one of several such races coexisting with humanity but often persecuted by it.</li> <li>1980 <a href="/wiki/Malachi_Martin" title="Malachi Martin">Malachi Martin</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Faction_(literature)" class="mw-redirect" title="Faction (literature)">factional</a> novel King of Kings: A Novel of the Life of David relates the life of David, Adonai's champion in his battle with the Philistine deity Dagon.</li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Heller" title="Joseph Heller">Joseph Heller</a> wrote a novel based on David called <a href="/wiki/God_Knows_(novel)" title="God Knows (novel)">God Knows</a>, published by Simon & Schuster. Told from the perspective of an aging David, the humanity—rather than the heroism—of various biblical characters is emphasized. The portrayal of David as a man of flaws such as greed, lust, selfishness, and his alienation from God, the falling apart of his family is a distinctly 20th-century interpretation of the events told in the Bible.</li> <li>1993 <a href="/wiki/Madeleine_L%27Engle" title="Madeleine L'Engle">Madeleine L'Engle</a>'s novel Certain Women explores family, the Christian faith, and the nature of God through the story of King David's family and an analogous modern family's saga.</li> <li>1995 <a href="/wiki/Allan_Massie" title="Allan Massie">Allan Massie</a> wrote King David, a novel about David's career that portrays the king's relationship to Jonathan as sexual.<a href="#cite_note-169">[166]</a></li> <li>2015 <a href="/wiki/Geraldine_Brooks_(writer)" title="Geraldine Brooks (writer)">Geraldine Brooks</a> wrote a novel about David, <a href="/wiki/The_Secret_Chord" title="The Secret Chord">The Secret Chord</a>, told from the point of view of the prophet <a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Gilbert-170">[167]</a><a href="#cite_note-171">[168]</a></li> <li>2020 <a href="/wiki/Michael_Arditti" title="Michael Arditti">Michael Arditti</a> wrote The Anointed, a novel about David told by three of his wives, Michal, Abigail and Bathsheba.<a href="#cite_note-172">[169]</a><a href="#cite_note-173">[170]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Paintings">Paintings</h3></div> <ul><li>1599 <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a> <a href="/wiki/David_and_Goliath_(Caravaggio)" title="David and Goliath (Caravaggio)">David and Goliath</a></li> <li><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1610 <a href="/wiki/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath_(Caravaggio,_Rome)" title="David with the Head of Goliath (Caravaggio, Rome)">Caravaggio David with the Head of Goliath</a></li> <li>1616 <a href="/wiki/Peter_Paul_Rubens" title="Peter Paul Rubens">Peter Paul Rubens</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=David_Slaying_Goliath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="David Slaying Goliath (page does not exist)">David Slaying Goliath</a></li> <li>c. 1619 <a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath_(Caravaggio,_Rome)" title="David with the Head of Goliath (Caravaggio, Rome)">David and Goliath</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sculptures">Sculptures</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:781px;max-width:781px"><div class="trow"><div class="theader" style="text-align:center">David in sculpture</div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:172px;max-width:172px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Florenz_-_Bargello_2014-08-09r.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Florenz_-_Bargello_2014-08-09r.jpg/170px-Florenz_-_Bargello_2014-08-09r.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="302" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Florenz_-_Bargello_2014-08-09r.jpg/255px-Florenz_-_Bargello_2014-08-09r.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Florenz_-_Bargello_2014-08-09r.jpg/340px-Florenz_-_Bargello_2014-08-09r.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2833" data-file-height="5034" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/David_(Donatello,_bronze)" title="David (Donatello, bronze)">David</a> by <a href="/wiki/Donatello" title="Donatello">Donatello</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:197px;max-width:197px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:David,_Andrea_del_Verrocchio,_ca._1466-69,_Bargello_Florenz-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/David%2C_Andrea_del_Verrocchio%2C_ca._1466-69%2C_Bargello_Florenz-01.jpg/195px-David%2C_Andrea_del_Verrocchio%2C_ca._1466-69%2C_Bargello_Florenz-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="195" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/David%2C_Andrea_del_Verrocchio%2C_ca._1466-69%2C_Bargello_Florenz-01.jpg/293px-David%2C_Andrea_del_Verrocchio%2C_ca._1466-69%2C_Bargello_Florenz-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/David%2C_Andrea_del_Verrocchio%2C_ca._1466-69%2C_Bargello_Florenz-01.jpg/390px-David%2C_Andrea_del_Verrocchio%2C_ca._1466-69%2C_Bargello_Florenz-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3472" data-file-height="5313" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/David_(Verrocchio)" title="David (Verrocchio)">David</a> by <a href="/wiki/Verrocchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Verrocchio">Verrocchio</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU005_denoised.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU005_denoised.jpg/200px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU005_denoised.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU005_denoised.jpg/300px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU005_denoised.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU005_denoised.jpg/400px-%27David%27_by_Michelangelo_Fir_JBU005_denoised.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="5472" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a> by <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:202px;max-width:202px"><div class="thumbimage"><a href="/wiki/File:Bernini%27s_David_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bernini%27s_David_02.jpg/200px-Bernini%27s_David_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bernini%27s_David_02.jpg/300px-Bernini%27s_David_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Bernini%27s_David_02.jpg/400px-Bernini%27s_David_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4456" data-file-height="6686" /></a></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/David_(Bernini)" title="David (Bernini)">David</a> by <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a></div></div></div></div></div> <ul><li>1440? <a href="/wiki/Donatello" title="Donatello">Donatello</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_(Donatello,_bronze)" title="David (Donatello, bronze)">David</a></li> <li>1473–1475 <a href="/wiki/Verrocchio" class="mw-redirect" title="Verrocchio">Verrocchio</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_(Verrocchio)" title="David (Verrocchio)">David</a></li> <li>1501–1504 <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_(Michelangelo)" title="David (Michelangelo)">David</a></li> <li>1623–1624 <a href="/wiki/Gian_Lorenzo_Bernini" title="Gian Lorenzo Bernini">Gian Lorenzo Bernini</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_(Bernini)" title="David (Bernini)">David</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3></div> David has been depicted several times in films; these are some of the best-known: <ul><li>1951 <a href="/wiki/David_and_Bathsheba_(film)" title="David and Bathsheba (film)">David and Bathsheba</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Henry_King_(director)" title="Henry King (director)">Henry King</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Gregory_Peck" title="Gregory Peck">Gregory Peck</a> in the role of David.</li> <li>1959 <a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Sheba" title="Solomon and Sheba">Solomon and Sheba</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/King_Vidor" title="King Vidor">King Vidor</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Finlay_Currie" title="Finlay Currie">Finlay Currie</a> in the role of an aged King David.</li> <li>1961 <a href="/wiki/A_Story_of_David" title="A Story of David">A Story of David</a>, directed by Bob McNaught, with <a href="/wiki/Jeff_Chandler_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jeff Chandler (actor)">Jeff Chandler</a> in the role of David.</li> <li>1985 <a href="/wiki/King_David_(film)" title="King David (film)">King David</a>, directed by <a href="/wiki/Bruce_Beresford" title="Bruce Beresford">Bruce Beresford</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Richard_Gere" title="Richard Gere">Richard Gere</a> in the role of David.</li> <li>1996 <a href="/wiki/Dave_and_the_Giant_Pickle" class="mw-redirect" title="Dave and the Giant Pickle">Dave and the Giant Pickle</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3></div> <ul><li>1976 <a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_David" title="The Story of David">The Story of David</a>, a made-for-TV film with <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Bottoms" title="Timothy Bottoms">Timothy Bottoms</a> and <a href="/wiki/Keith_Michell" title="Keith Michell">Keith Michell</a> as King David at different ages.<a href="#cite_note-174">[171]</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/David_(1997_film)" title="David (1997 film)">David</a>, a TV-film with <a href="/wiki/Nathaniel_Parker" title="Nathaniel Parker">Nathaniel Parker</a> as King David and <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Nimoy" title="Leonard Nimoy">Leonard Nimoy</a> as the Prophet Samuel.<a href="#cite_note-175">[172]</a></li> <li>1997 <a href="/wiki/Solomon_(film)" title="Solomon (film)">Solomon</a>, a sequel to David, with <a href="/wiki/Max_von_Sydow" title="Max von Sydow">Max von Sydow</a> playing an older King David.<a href="#cite_note-176">[173]</a></li> <li>2009 <a href="/wiki/Kings_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings (U.S. TV series)">Kings</a>, a re-imagining loosely based on the biblical story, with David played by <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Egan" title="Christopher Egan">Christopher Egan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-177">[174]</a></li> <li>King David is the focus of the second episode of <a href="/wiki/History_Channel" title="History Channel">History Channel</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Battles_BC" title="Battles BC">Battles BC</a> documentary, which detailed all of his military exploits in the bible.<a href="#cite_note-178">[175]</a></li> <li>2012 <a href="/wiki/Rei_Davi" title="Rei Davi">Rei Davi</a>, a Brazilian miniseries with Leonardo Brício as David.<a href="#cite_note-179">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-180">[177]</a></li> <li>2013 <a href="/wiki/The_Bible_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Bible (TV series)">The Bible</a>, a miniseries with <a href="/wiki/Langley_Kirkwood" title="Langley Kirkwood">Langley Kirkwood</a> in the role of David.</li> <li>2016 <a href="/wiki/Of_Kings_and_Prophets" title="Of Kings and Prophets">Of Kings and Prophets</a> in which David is played by <a href="/wiki/Olly_Rix" class="mw-redirect" title="Olly Rix">Olly Rix</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5721_-_0.25IL_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5721_-_0.25IL_%28cropped%29.jpg/140px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5721_-_0.25IL_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="218" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5721_-_0.25IL_%28cropped%29.jpg/210px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5721_-_0.25IL_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5721_-_0.25IL_%28cropped%29.jpg/280px-Stamp_of_Israel_-_Festivals_5721_-_0.25IL_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="305" data-file-height="475" /></a><figcaption>David on an <a href="/wiki/Stamps_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Stamps of Israel">Israeli stamp</a></figcaption></figure> <ul><li>The traditional birthday song <a href="/wiki/Las_Ma%C3%B1anitas" title="Las Mañanitas">Las Mañanitas</a> mentions King David as the original singer in its lyrics.</li> <li>1622 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Tomkins" title="Thomas Tomkins">Thomas Tomkins</a>'s choral <a href="/wiki/Anthem" title="Anthem">anthem</a> "When David Heard", about David's response to the death of his son <a href="/wiki/Absalom" title="Absalom">Absalom</a>, is published in the anthology Songs of 1622.<a href="#cite_note-181">[178]</a></li> <li>1738 <a href="/wiki/George_Frideric_Handel" title="George Frideric Handel">George Frideric Handel</a>'s oratorio <a href="/wiki/Saul_(Handel)" title="Saul (Handel)">Saul</a> features David as one of its main characters.<a href="#cite_note-Handel_Institute-182">[179]</a></li> <li>1921 <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Honegger" title="Arthur Honegger">Arthur Honegger</a>'s oratorio <a href="/wiki/Le_roi_David_(Honegger)" class="mw-redirect" title="Le roi David (Honegger)">Le Roi David</a> with a libretto by <a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9_Morax" title="René Morax">René Morax</a>, instantly became a staple of the choral repertoire.</li> <li>1954 <a href="/wiki/Darius_Milhaud" title="Darius Milhaud">Darius Milhaud</a>'s opera <a href="/wiki/David_(Milhaud)" title="David (Milhaud)">David</a> premieres in Jerusalem in celebration of the 3,000th anniversary of the establishment of that city by David.<a href="#cite_note-183">[180]</a></li> <li>1964 <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> alludes to David in the last line of his song "<a href="/w/index.php?title=When_The_Ship_Comes_In&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="When The Ship Comes In (page does not exist)">When The Ship Comes In</a>" ("And like Goliath, they'll be conquered").</li> <li>1965 <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Bernstein" title="Leonard Bernstein">Leonard Bernstein</a> described the second movement of his <a href="/wiki/Chichester_Psalms" title="Chichester Psalms">Chichester Psalms</a>, which features a setting of <a href="/wiki/Psalm_23" title="Psalm 23">Psalm 23</a>, sung by a boy soloist accompanied by a harp, as a "musical evocation of King David, the shepherd-psalmist".<a href="#cite_note-184">[181]</a></li> <li>1983 <a href="/wiki/Bob_Dylan" title="Bob Dylan">Bob Dylan</a> refers to David in his song "<a href="/wiki/Jokerman_(song)" title="Jokerman (song)">Jokerman</a>" ("Michelangelo indeed could've carved out your features").<a href="#cite_note-185">[182]</a></li> <li>1984 <a href="/wiki/Leonard_Cohen" title="Leonard Cohen">Leonard Cohen</a>'s song "<a href="/wiki/Hallelujah_(Leonard_Cohen_song)" title="Hallelujah (Leonard Cohen song)">Hallelujah</a>" has references to David ("there was a secret chord that David played and it pleased the Lord", "The baffled king composing Hallelujah") and <a href="/wiki/Bathsheba" title="Bathsheba">Bathsheba</a> ("you saw her bathing on the roof") in its opening verses.</li> <li>1990 The song "One of the Broken" by <a href="/wiki/Paddy_McAloon" title="Paddy McAloon">Paddy McAloon</a>, performed by <a href="/wiki/Prefab_Sprout" title="Prefab Sprout">Prefab Sprout</a> on the album Jordan: The Comeback, has a reference to David ("I remember King David, with his harp and his beautiful, beautiful songs, I answered his prayers, and showed him a place where his music belongs").</li> <li>1991 "Mad About You", a song on <a href="/wiki/Sting_(musician)" title="Sting (musician)">Sting's</a> album <a href="/wiki/The_Soul_Cages" title="The Soul Cages">The Soul Cages</a>, explores David's obsession with Bathsheba from David's perspective.<a href="#cite_note-186">[183]</a></li> <li>2000 The song "Gimme a Stone" appears on the <a href="/wiki/Little_Feat" title="Little Feat">Little Feat</a> album <a href="/wiki/Chinese_Work_Songs" title="Chinese Work Songs">Chinese Work Songs</a> chronicles the duel with Goliath and contains a lament to Absalom as a bridge.<a href="#cite_note-187">[184]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Musical_theater">Musical theater</h3></div> <ul><li>1997 <a href="/wiki/King_David_(musical)" title="King David (musical)">King David</a>, sometimes described as a modern <a href="/wiki/Oratorio" title="Oratorio">oratorio</a>, with a book and lyrics by <a href="/wiki/Tim_Rice" title="Tim Rice">Tim Rice</a> and music by <a href="/wiki/Alan_Menken" title="Alan Menken">Alan Menken</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Radio">Radio</h3></div> <ul><li>1962 <a href="/wiki/Twilight_of_a_Hero" title="Twilight of a Hero">Twilight of a Hero</a>, an Australian radio play that sold to the BBC</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Playing_cards">Playing cards</h3></div> For a considerable period, starting in the 15th century and continuing until the 19th, French <a href="/wiki/Playing_card" title="Playing card">playing card</a> manufacturers assigned to each of the court cards names taken from history or mythology. In this context, the <a href="/wiki/King_of_spades" class="mw-redirect" title="King of spades">King of spades</a> was often known as "David".<a href="#cite_note-188">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[186]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Image_gallery">Image gallery</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Good-samaritan-inn-king-david.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="King David as Orpheus, mosaic of Gaza synagogue, AD 508. Museum of the Good Samaritan near Ma'ale Adumim"><img alt="King David as Orpheus, mosaic of Gaza synagogue, AD 508. Museum of the Good Samaritan near Ma'ale Adumim" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Good-samaritan-inn-king-david.JPG/180px-Good-samaritan-inn-king-david.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Good-samaritan-inn-king-david.JPG/270px-Good-samaritan-inn-king-david.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Good-samaritan-inn-king-david.JPG/360px-Good-samaritan-inn-king-david.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">King David as <a href="/wiki/Orpheus" title="Orpheus">Orpheus</a>, mosaic of <a href="/wiki/Gaza_synagogue" title="Gaza synagogue">Gaza synagogue</a>, AD 508. <a href="/wiki/Inn_of_the_Good_Samaritan" title="Inn of the Good Samaritan">Museum of the Good Samaritan</a> near <a href="/wiki/Ma%27ale_Adumim" title="Ma'ale Adumim">Ma'ale Adumim</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol7v.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Miniature from the Paris Psalter, David in the robes of a Byzantine emperor."><img alt="Miniature from the Paris Psalter, David in the robes of a Byzantine emperor." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol7v.jpg/144px-Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol7v.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol7v.jpg/215px-Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol7v.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol7v.jpg/287px-Paris_psaulter_gr139_fol7v.jpg 2x" data-file-width="455" data-file-height="507" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Miniature from the <a href="/wiki/Paris_Psalter" title="Paris Psalter">Paris Psalter</a>, David in the robes of a Byzantine emperor.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:King_David_in_Augsburg_Cathedral_light.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="King David, stained glass windows from the Romanesque Augsburg Cathedral, late 11th century."><img alt="King David, stained glass windows from the Romanesque Augsburg Cathedral, late 11th century." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/King_David_in_Augsburg_Cathedral_light.JPG/74px-King_David_in_Augsburg_Cathedral_light.JPG" decoding="async" width="74" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/King_David_in_Augsburg_Cathedral_light.JPG/111px-King_David_in_Augsburg_Cathedral_light.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/King_David_in_Augsburg_Cathedral_light.JPG/148px-King_David_in_Augsburg_Cathedral_light.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1622" data-file-height="3510" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">King David, <a href="/wiki/Stained_glass" title="Stained glass">stained glass</a> windows from the <a href="/wiki/Romanesque_architecture" title="Romanesque architecture">Romanesque</a> <a href="/wiki/Augsburg_Cathedral" title="Augsburg Cathedral">Augsburg Cathedral</a>, late 11th century.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath-Caravaggio_(1610).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Caravaggio, 1610, David with the Head of Goliath, Galleria Borghese, Rome"><img alt="Caravaggio, 1610, David with the Head of Goliath, Galleria Borghese, Rome" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath-Caravaggio_%281610%29.jpg/129px-David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath-Caravaggio_%281610%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath-Caravaggio_%281610%29.jpg/194px-David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath-Caravaggio_%281610%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath-Caravaggio_%281610%29.jpg/258px-David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath-Caravaggio_%281610%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5922" data-file-height="7329" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Caravaggio" title="Caravaggio">Caravaggio</a>, 1610, <a href="/wiki/David_with_the_Head_of_Goliath_(Caravaggio,_Rome)" title="David with the Head of Goliath (Caravaggio, Rome)">David with the Head of Goliath</a>, <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Borghese" title="Galleria Borghese">Galleria Borghese</a>, Rome</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Rosselli_Triunfo_David.jpeg" class="mw-file-description" title="Matteo Rosselli, 1620, The triumphant David, Galleria Palatina, Florence."><img alt="Matteo Rosselli, 1620, The triumphant David, Galleria Palatina, Florence." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Rosselli_Triunfo_David.jpeg/160px-Rosselli_Triunfo_David.jpeg" decoding="async" width="160" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Rosselli_Triunfo_David.jpeg/240px-Rosselli_Triunfo_David.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Rosselli_Triunfo_David.jpeg/320px-Rosselli_Triunfo_David.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="799" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Matteo_Rosselli" title="Matteo Rosselli">Matteo Rosselli</a>, 1620, The triumphant David, <a href="/wiki/Galleria_Palatina" class="mw-redirect" title="Galleria Palatina">Galleria Palatina</a>, Florence.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Saul_and_David_by_Rembrandt_Mauritshuis_621.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Rembrandt, c. 1650: Saul and David."><img alt="Rembrandt, c. 1650: Saul and David." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Saul_and_David_by_Rembrandt_Mauritshuis_621.jpg/180px-Saul_and_David_by_Rembrandt_Mauritshuis_621.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Saul_and_David_by_Rembrandt_Mauritshuis_621.jpg/270px-Saul_and_David_by_Rembrandt_Mauritshuis_621.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Saul_and_David_by_Rembrandt_Mauritshuis_621.jpg/360px-Saul_and_David_by_Rembrandt_Mauritshuis_621.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="2397" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1650: Saul and David.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Monheim_Town_Hall_1.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="King David playing the harp, ceiling fresco from Monheim Town Hall, home of a wealthy Jewish merchant."><img alt="King David playing the harp, ceiling fresco from Monheim Town Hall, home of a wealthy Jewish merchant." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Monheim_Town_Hall_1.JPG/120px-Monheim_Town_Hall_1.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Monheim_Town_Hall_1.JPG/180px-Monheim_Town_Hall_1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Monheim_Town_Hall_1.JPG/240px-Monheim_Town_Hall_1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="768" data-file-height="1024" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">King David playing the harp, ceiling fresco from <a href="/wiki/Monheim_Town_Hall" title="Monheim Town Hall">Monheim Town Hall</a>, home of a wealthy Jewish merchant.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Study_of_King_David,_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Study of King David, by Julia Margaret Cameron. Depicts Sir Henry Taylor, 1866."><img alt="Study of King David, by Julia Margaret Cameron. Depicts Sir Henry Taylor, 1866." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Study_of_King_David%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg/132px-Study_of_King_David%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Study_of_King_David%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg/199px-Study_of_King_David%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Study_of_King_David%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg/265px-Study_of_King_David%2C_by_Julia_Margaret_Cameron.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3248" data-file-height="3923" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Study of King David, by <a href="/wiki/Julia_Margaret_Cameron" title="Julia Margaret Cameron">Julia Margaret Cameron</a>. Depicts Sir <a href="/wiki/Henry_Taylor_(dramatist)" title="Henry Taylor (dramatist)">Henry Taylor</a>, 1866.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Ark_Brought_to_Jerusalem.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ark is brought to Jerusalem (1896 Bible card illustration by the Providence Lithograph Company)"><img alt="The Ark is brought to Jerusalem (1896 Bible card illustration by the Providence Lithograph Company)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Ark_Brought_to_Jerusalem.jpg/138px-The_Ark_Brought_to_Jerusalem.jpg" decoding="async" width="138" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Ark_Brought_to_Jerusalem.jpg/207px-The_Ark_Brought_to_Jerusalem.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/The_Ark_Brought_to_Jerusalem.jpg/276px-The_Ark_Brought_to_Jerusalem.jpg 2x" data-file-width="775" data-file-height="898" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Ark is brought to Jerusalem (1896 Bible card illustration by the Providence Lithograph Company)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Arnold_Zadikow_Young_David.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Arnold Zadikow, 1930: The Young David displayed in the entrance of Berlin's Jewish Museum from 1933 until its loss during the Second World War."><img alt="Arnold Zadikow, 1930: The Young David displayed in the entrance of Berlin's Jewish Museum from 1933 until its loss during the Second World War." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Arnold_Zadikow_Young_David.jpg/117px-Arnold_Zadikow_Young_David.jpg" decoding="async" width="117" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Arnold_Zadikow_Young_David.jpg/176px-Arnold_Zadikow_Young_David.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Arnold_Zadikow_Young_David.jpg/235px-Arnold_Zadikow_Young_David.jpg 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="1200" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Arnold_Zadikow" title="Arnold Zadikow">Arnold Zadikow</a>, 1930: The Young David displayed in the entrance of Berlin's Jewish Museum from 1933 until its loss during the Second World War.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:PikiWiki_Israel_69694_tower_of_david.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Replica of Verrocchio's David in the Tower of David, Jerusalem"><img alt="Replica of Verrocchio's David in the Tower of David, Jerusalem" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/PikiWiki_Israel_69694_tower_of_david.jpg/107px-PikiWiki_Israel_69694_tower_of_david.jpg" decoding="async" width="107" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/PikiWiki_Israel_69694_tower_of_david.jpg/161px-PikiWiki_Israel_69694_tower_of_david.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/PikiWiki_Israel_69694_tower_of_david.jpg/215px-PikiWiki_Israel_69694_tower_of_david.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1944" data-file-height="2896" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">Replica of Verrocchio's David in the <a href="/wiki/Tower_of_David" title="Tower of David">Tower of David</a>, Jerusalem</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 190px;"><a href="/wiki/File:King_David_on_Zion.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="King David Monument on Mount Zion"><img alt="King David Monument on Mount Zion" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_David_on_Zion.jpg/120px-King_David_on_Zion.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_David_on_Zion.jpg/180px-King_David_on_Zion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/King_David_on_Zion.jpg/240px-King_David_on_Zion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2304" data-file-height="3072" /></a></div> <div class="gallerytext">King David Monument on <a href="/wiki/Mount_Zion" title="Mount Zion">Mount Zion</a></div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:P_christianity.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/31px-P_christianity.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/47px-P_christianity.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/P_christianity.svg/62px-P_christianity.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Christianity" title="Portal:Christianity">Christianity portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/27px-Allah-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/40px-Allah-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Allah-green.svg/54px-Allah-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="215" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Islam" title="Portal:Islam">Islam portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/48px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/64px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/32px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/48px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg/64px-Christus_statue_temple_square_salt_lake_city.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1067" data-file-height="800" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latter_Day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_and_Jonathan" title="David and Jonathan">David and Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Mighty_Warriors" title="David's Mighty Warriors">David's Mighty Warriors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David%27s_Tomb" title="David's Tomb">David's Tomb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_David_(archaeological_site)" title="City of David (archaeological site)">City of David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_of_David" title="Tower of David">Tower of David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">Kings of Israel and Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_Stone_Structure" title="Large Stone Structure">Large Stone Structure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Shmuel_(aggadah)" title="Midrash Shmuel (aggadah)">Midrash Shmuel (aggadah)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_of_David" title="Sons of David">Sons of David</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-lower-alpha" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: داود (traditional spelling), داوود, Dāwūd; <a href="/wiki/Koin%C4%93_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Koinē Greek language">Koinē Greek</a>: Δαυΐδ, romanized: Dauíd; <a href="/wiki/Latin_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Latin language">Latin</a>: Davidus, David; <a href="/wiki/Ge%27ez_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez language">Ge'ez</a>: ዳዊት, Dawit; <a href="/wiki/Old_Armenian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old Armenian language">Old Armenian</a>: Դաւիթ, Dawitʿ; <a href="/wiki/Church_Slavonic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Church Slavonic language">Church Slavonic</a>: Давíдъ, Davidŭ; possibly meaning "beloved one".<a href="#cite_note-BR77-4">[4]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> Some commentators believe this meant during David's lifetime.<a href="#cite_note-69">[68]</a> Others say it included his posterity.<a href="#cite_note-70">[69]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> Other translations say, "the hero of Israel's songs", "the favorite singer of Israel", "the contented psalm writer of Israel", and "Israel's beloved singer of songs".<a href="#cite_note-87">[85]</a> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFFrevel2023" class="citation book cs1">Frevel, Christian (2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Yvy6EAAAQBAJ">History of Ancient Israel</a>. Atlanta: SBL Press. pp. 176, 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62837-514-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62837-514-5"><bdi>978-1-62837-514-5</bdi></a>. <q>The geographical extent of David's—even extrabiblically probable—rule as well as its precise date remain controversial in research. Yet, divorced from the biblical findings, there is nothing to suggest it should be dated around 1000 BCE. (p. 176) …the local ruler David, whenever—tenth or ninth century BCE—he is to be dated. (p. 190)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Ancient+Israel&rft.place=Atlanta&rft.pages=176%2C+190&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-1-62837-514-5&rft.aulast=Frevel&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYvy6EAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarfinkelGanorHasel2018" class="citation book cs1">Garfinkel, Yosef; Ganor, Saar; Hasel, Michael G. (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C_NjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT182">In the Footsteps of King David: Revelations from an Ancient Biblical City</a>. Thames & Hudson. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-50077428-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-50077428-1"><bdi>978-0-50077428-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131758/https://books.google.com/books?id=C_NjDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT182">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2020-10-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+the+Footsteps+of+King+David%3A+Revelations+from+an+Ancient+Biblical+City&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-0-50077428-1&rft.aulast=Garfinkel&rft.aufirst=Yosef&rft.au=Ganor%2C+Saar&rft.au=Hasel%2C+Michael+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC_NjDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAvioz2015" class="citation book cs1">Avioz, Michael (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FQPSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99">Josephus' Interpretation of the Books of Samuel</a>. Bloomsbury. p. 99. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567458575" title="Special:BookSources/9780567458575"><bdi>9780567458575</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131759/https://books.google.com/books?id=FQPSBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA99">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2020-10-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Josephus%27+Interpretation+of+the+Books+of+Samuel&rft.pages=99&rft.pub=Bloomsbury&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9780567458575&rft.aulast=Avioz&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFQPSBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA99&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BR77-4"><a href="#cite_ref-BR77_4-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBotterweckRinggren1977" class="citation book cs1">Botterweck, G. Johannes; Ringgren, Helmer (1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lBUH0Znxbb8C&pg=PA158">Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2327-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2327-4"><bdi>978-0-8028-2327-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Theological+Dictionary+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2327-4&rft.aulast=Botterweck&rft.aufirst=G.+Johannes&rft.au=Ringgren%2C+Helmer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DlBUH0Znxbb8C%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/hebrew/1732.htm">"Strong's Hebrew: 1732. דָּוִיד (David) -- perhaps "beloved one," a son of Jesse"</a>. biblehub.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblehub.com&rft.atitle=Strong%27s+Hebrew%3A+1732.+%D7%93%D6%B8%D6%BC%D7%95%D6%B4%D7%99%D7%93+%28David%29+--+perhaps+%22beloved+one%2C%22+a+son+of+Jesse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fhebrew%2F1732.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarr2011" class="citation book cs1">Carr, David M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OzHhuvuEQxQC&pg=PA58">An Introduction to the Old Testament: Sacred Texts and Imperial Contexts of the Hebrew Bible</a>. John Wiley & Sons. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44435623-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44435623-6"><bdi>978-1-44435623-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131758/https://books.google.com/books?id=OzHhuvuEQxQC&pg=PA58">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2020-10-05.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament%3A+Sacred+Texts+and+Imperial+Contexts+of+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-44435623-6&rft.aulast=Carr&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOzHhuvuEQxQC%26pg%3DPA58&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFalk1996" class="citation book cs1">Falk, Avner (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=z10-Xz9Kno4C&pg=PA115">A Psychoanalytic History of the Jews</a>. Fairleigh Dickinson University Press. p. 115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-83863660-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-83863660-2"><bdi>978-0-83863660-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131816/https://books.google.com/books?id=z10-Xz9Kno4C&pg=PA115">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2020-10-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Psychoanalytic+History+of+the+Jews&rft.pages=115&rft.pub=Fairleigh+Dickinson+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-83863660-2&rft.aulast=Falk&rft.aufirst=Avner&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dz10-Xz9Kno4C%26pg%3DPA115&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBen_Halpetha1971" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Jose_ben_Halafta" title="Jose ben Halafta">Ben Halpetha, Jose</a> (1971). M.D. Yerushalmi (ed.). <a href="/wiki/Seder_Olam_Rabba" class="mw-redirect" title="Seder Olam Rabba">Seder Olam Rabba</a> (in Hebrew). Gil Publishers, in affiliation with the Haredi Youth Organization. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/233090728">233090728</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Seder+Olam+Rabba&rft.pub=Gil+Publishers%2C+in+affiliation+with+the+Haredi+Youth+Organization&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F233090728&rft.aulast=Ben+Halpetha&rft.aufirst=Jose&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988">, s.v. Seder Olam Zutta, p. 107 (who gives the year of his ascension as 2875 <a href="/wiki/Anno_mundi" class="mw-redirect" title="Anno mundi">anno mundi</a>). </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://phys.org/news/2019-05-mesha-stele-far-reaching-consequences-biblical.html">"New reading of Mesha Stele could have far-reaching consequences for biblical history"</a>. phys.org. Retrieved 2021-07-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=phys.org&rft.atitle=New+reading+of+Mesha+Stele+could+have+far-reaching+consequences+for+biblical+history&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fphys.org%2Fnews%2F2019-05-mesha-stele-far-reaching-consequences-biblical.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmanda_Borschel-Dan" class="citation news cs1">Amanda Borschel-Dan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.timesofisrael.com/high-tech-study-of-ancient-stone-keeps-davidic-dynasty-in-disputed-inscription/">"High-tech study of ancient stone suggests new proof of King David's dynasty"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Times_of_Israel" title="The Times of Israel">The Times of Israel</a>. Retrieved 2021-07-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+Israel&rft.atitle=High-tech+study+of+ancient+stone+suggests+new+proof+of+King+David%27s+dynasty&rft.au=Amanda+Borschel-Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.timesofisrael.com%2Fhigh-tech-study-of-ancient-stone-keeps-davidic-dynasty-in-disputed-inscription%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kalimi_p._32-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Kalimi_p._32_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Kalimi_p._32_12-1">b</a> Writing and Rewriting the Story of Solomon in Ancient Israel; by Isaac Kalimi; page 32; Cambridge University Press, 2018; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781108471268" title="Special:BookSources/9781108471268">9781108471268</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMooreKelle2011232–233-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMooreKelle2011232–233_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMooreKelle2011232–233_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFMooreKelle2011">Moore & Kelle 2011</a>, pp. 232–233. </li> <li id="cite_note-oxis-14"><a href="#cite_ref-oxis_14-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181119035811/http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e510">"David"</a>. Oxford Islamic Studies. Oxford. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordislamicstudies.com/article/opr/t125/e510">the original</a> on 2018-11-19. Retrieved 2021-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Islamic+Studies&rft.atitle=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordislamicstudies.com%2Farticle%2Fopr%2Ft125%2Fe510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-brilleoi-15"><a href="#cite_ref-brilleoi_15-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManouchehriKhodaverdian2017" class="citation journal cs1">Manouchehri, Faramarz Haj; Khodaverdian, Shahram (2017-09-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopaedia-islamica/*-COM_036118">"David (Dāwūd)"</a>. Encyclopaedia Islamica. Brill. Retrieved 2021-03-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Encyclopaedia+Islamica&rft.atitle=David+%28D%C4%81w%C5%ABd%29&rft.date=2017-09-28&rft.aulast=Manouchehri&rft.aufirst=Faramarz+Haj&rft.au=Khodaverdian%2C+Shahram&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freferenceworks.brillonline.com%2Fentries%2Fencyclopaedia-islamica%2F%2A-COM_036118&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043448/https://christiananswers.net/q-aiia/jessesons.html">"Jesse's Sons – How many sons did Jesse, King David's father, have?"</a>. christiananswers.net. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://christiananswers.net/q-aiia/jessesons.html">the original</a> on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=christiananswers.net&rft.atitle=Jesse%27s+Sons+%E2%80%93+How+many+sons+did+Jesse%2C+King+David%27s+father%2C+have%3F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchristiananswers.net%2Fq-aiia%2Fjessesons.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043447/https://biblehub.com/1_chronicles/2-16.htm">"1 Chronicles 2:16 Their sisters were Zeruiah and Abigail. And the three sons of Zeruiah were Abishai, Joab, and Asahel"</a>. biblehub.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://biblehub.com/1_chronicles/2-16.htm">the original</a> on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=biblehub.com&rft.atitle=1+Chronicles+2%3A16+Their+sisters+were+Zeruiah+and+Abigail.+And+the+three+sons+of+Zeruiah+were+Abishai%2C+Joab%2C+and+Asahel.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2F1_chronicles%2F2-16.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Bava Batra 91a </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemaire1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemaire1999[[Category:Wikipedia_articles_needing_page_number_citations_from_November_2021]]<sup_class="noprint_Inline-Template_"_style="white-space:nowrap;">&#91;[[Wikipedia:Citing_sources|<span_title="This_citation_requires_a_reference_to_the_specific_page_or_range_of_pages_in_which_the_material_appears.&#32;(November_2021)">page&nbsp;needed]]&#93;_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLemaire1999">Lemaire 1999</a>, p. [<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>]. </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrueggemann2011" class="citation book cs1">Brueggemann, Walter (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200724141421/https://books.google.com/books?id=piVNAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA110&lpg=PA110&dq=David+%2B+Merab&source=bl&ots=bdg8Hea6MV&sig=ACfU3U3X4JeBf0nxIFHH-B84r2Xv6zOByg&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjL0M3WnNPqAhWHgXIEHTd3Aos4ChDoATAEegQIChAB#v=onepage&q=David%20%20%20Merab&f=false">David and His Theologian: Literary, Social, and Theological Investigations of the Early Monarchy</a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781610975346" title="Special:BookSources/9781610975346"><bdi>9781610975346</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=piVNAwAAQBAJ&dq=David+++Merab&pg=PA110">the original</a> on 2020-07-24 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David+and+His+Theologian%3A+Literary%2C+Social%2C+and+Theological+Investigations+of+the+Early+Monarchy&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781610975346&rft.aulast=Brueggemann&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DpiVNAwAAQBAJ%26dq%3DDavid%2B%2B%2BMerab%26pg%3DPA110&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/18-19.htm">"1 Samuel 18:19"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508042658/http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/18-19.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-05-08. Retrieved 2018-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1+Samuel+18%3A19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2F1_samuel%2F18-19.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/18-27.htm">"1 Samuel 18:18-27"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140508043105/http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/18-27.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2014-05-08. Retrieved 2018-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1+Samuel+18%3A18-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2F1_samuel%2F18-27.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFlavious_Josephus1998" class="citation book cs1">Flavious Josephus (1998). "6.10.2". In Whiston, William (ed.). Antiquities of the Jews. Thomas Nelson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6.10.2&rft.btitle=Antiquities+of+the+Jews&rft.pub=Thomas+Nelson&rft.date=1998&rft.au=Flavious+Josephus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150420003858/http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/25-14.htm">"1 Samuel 25:14"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/1_samuel/25-14.htm">the original</a> on 2015-04-20. Retrieved 2018-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=1+Samuel+25%3A14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2F1_samuel%2F25-14.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/2_samuel/3-14.htm">"2 Samuel 3:14"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180817093338/https://biblehub.com/2_samuel/3-14.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-08-17. Retrieved 2018-08-17.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2+Samuel+3%3A14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2F2_samuel%2F3-14.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Chronicles%203:1–3">1 Chronicles 3:1–3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:2%20Samuel%205:14–16">2 Samuel 5:14–16</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> According to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Greek version of 2 Samuel 13:21, "... he did not punish his son Amnon, because he loved him, for he was his firstborn." <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+13&version=NLT#fen-NLT-8315d">"2 Samuel 13 NLT"</a>. Bible Gateway. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190923043508/https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+13&version=NLT#fen-NLT-8315d">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-09-23. Retrieved 2019-09-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Gateway&rft.atitle=2+Samuel+13+NLT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblegateway.com%2Fpassage%2F%3Fsearch%3D2%2BSamuel%2B13%26version%3DNLT%23fen-NLT-8315d&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Soṭah, 10b </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2013:8–14&version=nrsv">1 Sam 13:8–14</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2015:1–28&version=nrsv">1 Sam 15:1–28</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2016:1–13&version=nrsv">1 Sam 16:1–13</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2016:14–23&version=nrsv">1 Sam 16:14–23</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2017:1–11&version=nrsv">1 Sam 17:1–11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2017:17–37&version=nrsv">1 Sam 17:17–37</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2017:38–39&version=nrsv">1 Sam 17:38–39</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2017:49–50&version=nrsv">1 Sam 17:49–50</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2017:55–56&version=nrsv">1 Sam 17:55–56</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2018:5–9&version=nrsv">1 Sam 18:5–9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2021:10–11&version=nrsv">1 Samuel 21:10–11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+22:1&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 22:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+22:5&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 22:5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+23:1–13&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 23:1–13</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+23:14&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 23:14</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+23:27–29&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 23:27–29</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+24:1–22&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 24:1–22</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+26:11&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 26:11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Samuel%2026:25">1 Samuel 26:25</a>, NIV text </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> cf. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+21:10–15&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 21:10–15</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2029:1–11&version=nrsv">1 Sam 29:1–11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+30:1&version=nkjv">1 Samuel 30:1</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Samuel%2031:1–13&version=nrsv">1 Sam 31:1–13</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%202:1–4&version=nrsv">2 Sam 2:1–4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%202:8–11&version=nrsv">2 Sam 2:8–11</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%205:1–3&version=nrsv">2 Sam 5:1–3</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%205:6–7&version=nrsv">2 Sam 5:6–7</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%206:1–12&version=nrsv">2 Sam 6:1–12</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%207:1–13&version=nrsv">2 Sam 7:1–13</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%207:16&version=nrsv">2 Sam 7:16</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%208:1–14&version=nrsv">2 Sam 8:1–14</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-RichardsRichards2002-61"><a href="#cite_ref-RichardsRichards2002_61-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLawrence_O._Richards2002" class="citation book cs1">Lawrence O. Richards (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=S4D_IVZ1cCQC&pg=PA210">Bible Reader's Companion</a>. David C Cook. pp. 210–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7814-3879-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7814-3879-7"><bdi>978-0-7814-3879-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216035112/https://books.google.com/books?id=S4D_IVZ1cCQC&pg=PA210">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2017-07-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bible+Reader%27s+Companion&rft.pages=210-&rft.pub=David+C+Cook&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7814-3879-7&rft.au=Lawrence+O.+Richards&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DS4D_IVZ1cCQC%26pg%3DPA210&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wilton2004-62"><a href="#cite_ref-Wilton2004_62-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarlos_Wilton2004" class="citation book cs1">Carlos Wilton (June 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GxyxOxf5DmcC&pg=PA189">Lectionary Preaching Workbook: For All Users of the Revised Common, the Roman Catholic, and the Episcopal Lectionaries. Series VIII</a>. CSS Publishing. pp. 189–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7880-2371-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7880-2371-2"><bdi>978-0-7880-2371-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lectionary+Preaching+Workbook%3A+For+All+Users+of+the+Revised+Common%2C+the+Roman+Catholic%2C+and+the+Episcopal+Lectionaries.+Series+VIII&rft.pages=189-&rft.pub=CSS+Publishing&rft.date=2004-06&rft.isbn=978-0-7880-2371-2&rft.au=Carlos+Wilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGxyxOxf5DmcC%26pg%3DPA189&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Zucker2013-63"><a href="#cite_ref-Zucker2013_63-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_J._Zucker2013" class="citation book cs1">David J. Zucker (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nTtJAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA51">The Bible's Prophets: An Introduction for Christians and Jews</a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 51–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-63087-102-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-63087-102-4"><bdi>978-1-63087-102-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible%27s+Prophets%3A+An+Introduction+for+Christians+and+Jews&rft.pages=51-&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-63087-102-4&rft.au=David+J.+Zucker&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnTtJAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA51&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2+Samuel+11:2-4&version=nrsv">"2 Samuel 11:2–4"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181202024758/http://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2+Samuel+11:2-4&version=nrsv">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-02. Retrieved 2018-12-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2+Samuel+11%3A2%E2%80%934&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbible.oremus.org%2F%3Fpassage%3D2%2BSamuel%2B11%3A2-4%26version%3Dnrsv&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell2005-65"><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell2005_65-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntony_F._Campbell2005" class="citation book cs1">Antony F. Campbell (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FgmyJVkci14C&pg=PA104">2 Samuel</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. pp. 104–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2813-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-2813-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-2813-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=2+Samuel&rft.pages=104-&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-2813-2&rft.au=Antony+F.+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFgmyJVkci14C%26pg%3DPA104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSara_M._Koenig2011" class="citation book cs1">Sara M. Koenig (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O4ZMAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA69">Isn't This Bathsheba?: A Study in Characterization</a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. pp. 69–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60899-427-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60899-427-4"><bdi>978-1-60899-427-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Isn%27t+This+Bathsheba%3F%3A+A+Study+in+Characterization&rft.pages=69-&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-60899-427-4&rft.au=Sara+M.+Koenig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO4ZMAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA69&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell2004-67"><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell2004_67-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAntony_F._Campbell2004" class="citation book cs1">Antony F. Campbell (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vQEcTgQuP94C&pg=PA161">Joshua to Chronicles: An Introduction</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 161–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25751-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-25751-4"><bdi>978-0-664-25751-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191216035108/https://books.google.com/books?id=vQEcTgQuP94C&pg=PA161">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-12-16. Retrieved 2017-08-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Joshua+to+Chronicles%3A+An+Introduction&rft.pages=161-&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-0-664-25751-4&rft.au=Antony+F.+Campbell&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvQEcTgQuP94C%26pg%3DPA161&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2011:14–17&version=nrsv">2 Sam 11:14–17</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/2_samuel/12-10.htm">"2 Samuel 12:10"</a>. Bible Hub. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170801181431/http://biblehub.com/2_samuel/12-10.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-08-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bible+Hub&rft.atitle=2+Samuel+12%3A10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2F2_samuel%2F12-10.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/2-samuel-12-10.html">"2 Samuel 12:10"</a>. Salem Web Network. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170729103412/http://www.biblestudytools.com/commentaries/gills-exposition-of-the-bible/2-samuel-12-10.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salem+Web+Network&rft.atitle=2+Samuel+12%3A10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblestudytools.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fgills-exposition-of-the-bible%2F2-samuel-12-10.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988">; <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2012:8–10&version=nrsv">2 Sam 12:8–10</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2012:13&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 12:13</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Adultery was a capital crime under <a href="/wiki/Mosaic_law" class="mw-redirect" title="Mosaic law">Mosaic law</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esv.org/Leviticus+20:10">Leviticus 20:10</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:2%20Samuel%2012:14">2 Samuel 12:14</a>: NIV translation </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2015:1–12&version=nrsv">2 Sam 15:1–12</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2018:1–15&version=nrsv">2 Sam 18:1–15</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2018:33&version=nrsv">2 Sam 18:33</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/2_samuel/19.htm">"2 Samuel 19"</a>. Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170731122102/http://biblehub.com/commentaries/cambridge/2_samuel/19.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-07-31. Retrieved 2017-08-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cambridge+Bible+for+Schools+and+Colleges&rft.atitle=2+Samuel+19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2Fcommentaries%2Fcambridge%2F2_samuel%2F19.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%2019:1–8&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 19:1–8</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=2+Samuel+19:15–17&version=nkjv">2 Samuel 19:15–17</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%201:1–5&version=nrsv">1 Kings 1:1–5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%201:11–31&version=nrsv">1 Kings 1:11–31</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%205:4&version=nrsv">2 Sam 5:4</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%202:1–9&version=nrsv">1 Kings 2:1–9</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHelen_C._EvansWilliam_W._Wixom1997" class="citation book cs1">Helen C. Evans; William W. Wixom, eds. (1997-03-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Caqa12aj55wC">The Glory of Byzantium: Art and Culture of the Middle Byzantine Era, A.D. 843–1261</a>. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_Caqa12aj55wC/page/n114">86</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870997778" title="Special:BookSources/9780870997778"><bdi>9780870997778</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2018-03-05 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Glory+of+Byzantium%3A+Art+and+Culture+of+the+Middle+Byzantine+Era%2C+A.D.+843%E2%80%931261&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=Metropolitan+Museum+of+Art&rft.date=1997-03-05&rft.isbn=9780870997778&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_Caqa12aj55wC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Samuel%2016:15–18">1 Samuel 16:15–18</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170727014338/http://biblehub.com/2_samuel/23-1.htm">"2 Samuel 23:1"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biblehub.com/2_samuel/23-1.htm">the original</a> on 2017-07-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2+Samuel+23%3A1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbiblehub.com%2F2_samuel%2F23-1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> Commentary on II Samuel 22, The Anchor Bible, Vol. 9. II Samuel. <a href="/wiki/P._Kyle_McCarter,_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="P. Kyle McCarter, Jr.">P. Kyle McCarter, Jr.</a>, 1984. New York: Doubleday. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-385-06808-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-385-06808-5">0-385-06808-5</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-McKenzie_on_David-90">^ <a href="#cite_ref-McKenzie_on_David_90-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-McKenzie_on_David_90-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteven_McKenzie" class="citation web cs1">Steven McKenzie. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120621040818/http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/McKensie_020301.shtml">"King David: A Biography"</a>. The Bible and Interpretation. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bibleinterp.com/articles/McKensie_020301.shtml">the original</a> on 2012-06-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bible+and+Interpretation&rft.atitle=King+David%3A+A+Biography&rft.au=Steven+McKenzie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bibleinterp.com%2Farticles%2FMcKensie_020301.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Psalm 34, Interlinear NIV Hebrew-English Old Testament, Kohlenberger, J.R, 1987. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Zondervan Publishing House <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-310-40200-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-310-40200-X">0-310-40200-X</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblica.com/bible/?osis=niv:1%20Samuel%2021:15">1 Samuel 21:15</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ginzberg_1909-93">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ginzberg_1909_93-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ginzberg_1909_93-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinzberg1909" class="citation book cs1">Ginzberg, Louis (1909). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/legendsofjews0007ginz">The Legends of the Jews</a>. Philadelphia: Jewish Publication Society.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Legends+of+the+Jews&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.pub=Jewish+Publication+Society&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Ginzberg&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flegendsofjews0007ginz&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=82&letter=D#260">"David"</a>. jewishencyclopedia.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111011100050/http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/view.jsp?artid=82&letter=D#260">Archived</a> from the original on 2011-10-11. Retrieved 2014-10-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=jewishencyclopedia.com&rft.atitle=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjewishencyclopedia.com%2Fview.jsp%3Fartid%3D82%26letter%3DD%23260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Babylonian Talmud, Tractate Sanhedrin. p. 107a.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Babylonian+Talmud%2C+Tractate+Sanhedrin&rft.pages=107a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a> Zohar Bereishis 91b </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGinzberg1909" class="citation cs2">Ginzberg, Louis (1909), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sefaria.org/Legends_of_the_Jews.4.4.50?lang=en">"Legends of the Jews"</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sefaria" title="Sefaria">Sefaria</a>, translated by Szold, Henrietta, retrieved 2021-10-26</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Sefaria&rft.atitle=Legends+of+the+Jews&rft.date=1909&rft.aulast=Ginzberg&rft.aufirst=Louis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sefaria.org%2FLegends_of_the_Jews.4.4.50%3Flang%3Den&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catholicsaints.info/king-david/">"King David"</a>. 2008-10-28. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190420233200/http://catholicsaints.info/king-david/">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-04-20. Retrieved 2019-09-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=King+David&rft.date=2008-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcatholicsaints.info%2Fking-david%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/152497/David">"David"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090819074455/https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/152497/David">Archived</a> 2009-08-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> article from Encyclopædia Britannica Online </li> <li id="cite_note-corbett-100"><a href="#cite_ref-corbett_100-0">^</a> John Corbett (1911) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04642b.htm">King David</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070925212531/http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04642b.htm">Archived</a> 2007-09-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> <a href="/wiki/The_Catholic_Encyclopedia" class="mw-redirect" title="The Catholic Encyclopedia">The Catholic Encyclopedia</a> (New York: Robert Appleton Company) </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcManners2001" class="citation book cs1">McManners, John (2001-03-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=DhpKxQT8n74C&pg=PA101">The Oxford Illustrated History of Christianity</a>. OUP Oxford. p. 101. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780192854391" title="Special:BookSources/9780192854391"><bdi>9780192854391</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160209020220/https://books.google.com/books?id=DhpKxQT8n74C&pg=PA101">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-09. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Illustrated+History+of+Christianity&rft.pages=101&rft.pub=OUP+Oxford&rft.date=2001-03-15&rft.isbn=9780192854391&rft.aulast=McManners&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DDhpKxQT8n74C%26pg%3DPA101&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeno" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zeno. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.zeno.org/Heiligenlexikon-1858/A/David+(8)">"Lexikoneintrag zu »David (8)«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 1. Augsburg 1858, ..."</a> www.zeno.org (in German). Retrieved 2021-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.zeno.org&rft.atitle=Lexikoneintrag+zu+%C2%BBDavid+%288%29%C2%AB.+Vollst%C3%A4ndiges+Heiligen-Lexikon%2C+Band+1.+Augsburg+1858%2C+...&rft.au=Zeno&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.zeno.org%2FHeiligenlexikon-1858%2FA%2FDavid%2B%288%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160312173029/https://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/1229.shtml">Saint of the Day</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080530061211/http://www.saintpatrickdc.org/ss/1229.shtml">Archived</a> 2008-05-30 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> for December 29 at St. Patrick Catholic Church, Washington, D.C. </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://azbyka.ru/days/sv-david-car">"Пророк Дави́д Псалмопевец, царь Израильский"</a>. azbyka.rudays (in Russian). Retrieved 2021-10-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=azbyka.rudays&rft.atitle=%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA+%D0%94%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%CC%81%D0%B4+%D0%9F%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%86%2C+%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C+%D0%98%D0%B7%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fazbyka.ru%2Fdays%2Fsv-david-car&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindsay_of_the_Mount1542" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/David_Lyndsay" title="David Lyndsay">Lindsay of the Mount, Sir David</a> (1542). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/facsimileofancie00lind#page/n49/mode/2up">Lindsay of the Mount Roll</a>. Edinburgh, W. & D. Laing. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160203022459/https://archive.org/stream/facsimileofancie00lind#page/n49/mode/2up">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-03. Retrieved 2015-06-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lindsay+of+the+Mount+Roll&rft.pub=Edinburgh%2C+W.+%26+D.+Laing&rft.date=1542&rft.aulast=Lindsay+of+the+Mount&rft.aufirst=Sir+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ffacsimileofancie00lind%23page%2Fn49%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Garipzanov-106">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Garipzanov_106-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Garipzanov_106-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGaripzanov2008" class="citation book cs1">Garipzanov, Ildar H. (2008). The Symbolic Language of Royal Authority in the Carolingian World (c. 751–877). Brill. pp. 128, 225. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004166691" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004166691"><bdi>978-9004166691</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Symbolic+Language+of+Royal+Authority+in+the+Carolingian+World+%28c.+751%E2%80%93877%29&rft.pages=128%2C+225&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-9004166691&rft.aulast=Garipzanov&rft.aufirst=Ildar+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRapp1997" class="citation book cs1">Rapp, Stephen H. Jr. (1997). Imagining History at the Crossroads: Persia, Byzantium, and the Architects of the Written Georgian Past. Ph.D. dissertation, University of Michigan. p. 528.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Imagining+History+at+the+Crossroads%3A+Persia%2C+Byzantium%2C+and+the+Architects+of+the+Written+Georgian+Past&rft.pages=528&rft.pub=Ph.D.+dissertation%2C+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Rapp&rft.aufirst=Stephen+H.+Jr.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quran.com/34/10">"Surah Saba - 10"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surah+Saba+-+10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquran.com%2F34%2F10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://quran.com/21/80">"Surah Al-Anbya - 80"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surah+Al-Anbya+-+80&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fquran.com%2F21%2F80&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Wheeler, Brannon M. The A to Z of Prophets in Islam and Judaism, "David" </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a> "Dawud". Encyclopedia of Islam </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Stories of the Prophets, Ibn Kathir, "Story of David" </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHillWalton2009" class="citation book cs1">Hill, Andrew E.; Walton, John H. (2009) [1991]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3PhbDc-PdvMC&pg=PA258">A Survey of the Old Testament</a> (3rd ed.). Grand Rapids: Zondervan. p. 258. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28095-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-310-28095-8"><bdi>978-0-310-28095-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131826/https://books.google.com/books?id=3PhbDc-PdvMC&pg=PA258">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2019-12-27. <q>The events of the book took place in the last half of the eleventh century and the early part of the tenth century BC, but it is difficult to determine when the events were recorded. There are no particularly persuasive reasons to date the sources used by the compiler later than the events themselves, and good reason to believe that contemporary records were kept (cf. 2 Sam. 20:24–25).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.place=Grand+Rapids&rft.pages=258&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-310-28095-8&rft.aulast=Hill&rft.aufirst=Andrew+E.&rft.au=Walton%2C+John+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3PhbDc-PdvMC%26pg%3DPA258&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEAuld2003219-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAuld2003219_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFAuld2003">Auld 2003</a>, p. 219. </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=1+Samuel+16:14–2,+5:10&version=NRSV">1 Samuel 16:14–2, 5:10</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=2%20Samuel%209–20&version=nrsv">2 Samuel 9–20</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%201–2&version=nrsv">1 Kings 1–2</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKnight1991853-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKnight1991853_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFKnight1991">Knight 1991</a>, p. 853. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMcKenzie200432-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMcKenzie200432_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMcKenzie2004">McKenzie 2004</a>, p. 32. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMooreKelle2011220–221-119"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMooreKelle2011220–221_119-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFMooreKelle2011">Moore & Kelle 2011</a>, pp. 220–221. </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson2001" class="citation web cs1">Thompson, Thomas L. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/view-copenhagen-israel-and-history-palestine">"A view from Copenhagen: Israel and the History of Palestine"</a>. The Bible and Interpretation. Retrieved 2020-12-25. <q>The history of Palestine and of its peoples is very different from the Bible's narratives, whatever political claims to the contrary may be. An independent history of Judea during the Iron I and Iron II periods has little room for historicizing readings of the stories of I-II Samuel and I Kings.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Bible+and+Interpretation&rft.atitle=A+view+from+Copenhagen%3A+Israel+and+the+History+of+Palestine&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibleinterp.arizona.edu%2Farticles%2Fview-copenhagen-israel-and-history-palestine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFRedford1992">Redford 1992</a>, pp. 301–302: One (perversely perhaps) longs to see the result of the application of such a criterion to Geoffrey of Monmouth's treatment of Arthur, to the anonymous Joseph and Asenath, to the Alexander Romances, or a host of other Pseudepigrapha. Mesmerized by the literary quality of much of the writing in 1 and 2 Samuel—it is in truth a damned good story!—many scholars take a further step: "The Succession story must be regarded as the oldest specimen of ancient Israelite history writing."; <a href="#CITEREFPfoh2016">Pfoh 2016</a>, p. 54 n. 126: Isser links the David story with other heroic tales, like Homer's epics and King Arthur's legend </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Kalimi, Isaac. Writing and Rewriting the Story of Solomon in Ancient Israel, Cambridge University Press, 2019, p. 53 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGordon195589-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGordon195589_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFGordon1955">Gordon 1955</a>, p. 89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHorner197819-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHorner197819_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFHorner1978">Horner 1978</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaden201312-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaden201312_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaden2013">Baden 2013</a>, p. 12: the biblical narrative may be considered the ancient equivalent of political spin: it is a retelling, even a reinterpretation, of events, the goal of which is to absolve David of any potential guilt and to show him in a positive light. </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2021" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Benjamin J. M. (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vgUYEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA225">"An Unapologetic Apology: The David Story as a Complex Response to Monarchy"</a>. In Kipfer, Sara; Hutton, Jeremy M. (eds.). The Book of Samuel and Its Response to Monarchy. <a href="/wiki/Kohlhammer_Verlag" title="Kohlhammer Verlag">Kohlhammer Verlag</a>. pp. 225–241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-17-037041-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-17-037041-8"><bdi>978-3-17-037041-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=An+Unapologetic+Apology%3A+The+David+Story+as+a+Complex+Response+to+Monarchy&rft.btitle=The+Book+of+Samuel+and+Its+Response+to+Monarchy&rft.pages=225-241&rft.pub=Kohlhammer+Verlag&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=978-3-17-037041-8&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Benjamin+J.+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvgUYEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA225&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarasik2014" class="citation web cs1">Carasik, Michael (June 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070810172523/http://www.bookreviews.org/pdf/1551_3721.pdf">"Review of Baruch Halpern's David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King"</a> (PDF). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bookreviews.org/pdf/1551_3721.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2007-08-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Review+of+Baruch+Halpern%27s+David%27s+Secret+Demons%3A+Messiah%2C+Murderer%2C+Traitor%2C+King&rft.date=2014-06&rft.aulast=Carasik&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bookreviews.org%2Fpdf%2F1551_3721.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBaden2013-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBaden2013_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBaden2013">Baden 2013</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2020-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2020_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDever2020">Dever 2020</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-130"><a href="#cite_ref-130">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bibleinterp.arizona.edu/articles/2014/07/wri388001">"David, King of Judah (Not Israel)"</a>. bibleinterp.arizona.edu. July 2014. Retrieved 2017-09-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=bibleinterp.arizona.edu&rft.atitle=David%2C+King+of+Judah+%28Not+Israel%29&rft.date=2014-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbibleinterp.arizona.edu%2Farticles%2F2014%2F07%2Fwri388001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioske2015180-131">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPioske2015180_131-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPioske2015180_131-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFPioske2015">Pioske 2015</a>, p. 180. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELemaire1994-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELemaire1994_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLemaire1994">Lemaire 1994</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-133"><a href="#cite_ref-133">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPioske2015">Pioske (2015)</a>, p. 180: "…the reading of bytdwd as "House of David" has been challenged by those unconvinced of the inscription's allusion to an eponymous David or the kingdom of Judah." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPioske2015210,_fn._18-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPioske2015210,_fn._18_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFPioske2015">Pioske 2015</a>, p. 210, fn. 18. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinNa'amanRömer2019-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinNa'amanRömer2019_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinNa'amanRömer2019">Finkelstein, Na'aman & Römer 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-AAAS-136">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_136-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-AAAS_136-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2019-05/afot-nro050219.php">"New reading of the Mesha Stele inscription has major consequences for biblical history"</a> (news release). American Friends of Tel Aviv University. 2019-05-02. Retrieved 2020-10-22 – via American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+reading+of+the+Mesha+Stele+inscription+has+major+consequences+for+biblical+history&rft.pub=American+Friends+of+Tel+Aviv+University&rft.date=2019-05-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.eurekalert.org%2Fpub_releases%2F2019-05%2Fafot-nro050219.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELanglois2019-137"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELanglois2019_137-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFLanglois2019">Langlois 2019</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENa'aman2019196-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENa'aman2019196_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNa'aman2019">Na'aman 2019</a>, p. 196. </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bible.oremus.org/?passage=1%20Kings%2014:25–27&version=nrsv">1 Kings 14:25–27</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Phar-140">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Phar_140-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Phar_140-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie2000" class="citation book cs1">McKenzie, Steven L. (2000). "One". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/mckenzie-david.html">King David: A Biography</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-513273-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-513273-4"><bdi>0-19-513273-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180119124308/http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/m/mckenzie-david.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-01-19. Retrieved 2018-06-19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=One&rft.btitle=King+David%3A+A+Biography&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-19-513273-4&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fbooks%2Ffirst%2Fm%2Fmckenzie-david.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> A History of Ancient Israel and Judah; ByJames Maxwell Miller & John Haralson Hayes; pages 204; SCM Press, 2006; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780334041177" title="Special:BookSources/9780334041177">9780334041177</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kuhrtp438-142"><a href="#cite_ref-Kuhrtp438_142-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKuhrt1995" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9lie_Kuhrt" title="Amélie Kuhrt">Kuhrt, Amélie</a> (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V_sfMzRPTgoC&q=Kuhrt,+Amiele+(1995).+The+Ancient+Near+East.">The Ancient Near East, c. 3000–330 BC, Band 1</a>. New York: Routledge. p. 438. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-41516-762-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-41516-762-8"><bdi>978-0-41516-762-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East%2C+c.+3000%E2%80%93330+BC%2C+Band+1&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=438&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-41516-762-8&rft.aulast=Kuhrt&rft.aufirst=Am%C3%A9lie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV_sfMzRPTgoC%26q%3DKuhrt%2C%2BAmiele%2B%281995%29.%2BThe%2BAncient%2BNear%2BEast.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2007">Finkelstein & Silberman 2007</a>, pp. 26–27; <a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bibleunearthedar00fink/page/189">189–190</a>, Chapter 8: Archaeologically and historically, the redating of these cities from Solomon's era to the time of Omrides has enormous implication. It removes the only archeological evidence that there was ever a united monarchy based in Jerusalem and suggests that David and Solomon were, in political terms, little more than hill country chieftains, whose administrative reach remained on a fairly local level, restricted to the hill country. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidlu6ywyJr0CMCpgPA23_23];_241–247-144"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidlu6ywyJr0CMCpgPA23_23];_241–247_144-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lu6ywyJr0CMC&pg=PA23">23</a>; 241–247. </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lu6ywyJr0CMC&pg=PA158">158</a>. "We still have no hard archaeological evidence—despite the unparalleled biblical description of its grandeur—that Jerusalem was anything more than a modest highland village in the time of David, Solomon, and Rehoboam." </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002131Table_Two-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFinkelsteinSilberman2002131Table_Two_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, p. 131, Table Two. </li> <li id="cite_note-147"><a href="#cite_ref-147">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002">Finkelstein & Silberman 2002</a>, p. 181. Speaking of Samaria: "The scale of this project was enormous." </li> <li id="cite_note-amazar-148">^ <a href="#cite_ref-amazar_148-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-amazar_148-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMazar2010" class="citation book cs1">Mazar, Amihai (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140611170411/http://www.rehov.org/Rehov/publications/Mazar%20-%20The%20United%20%20Monarchy-BZAW2010.pdf">"Archaeology and the biblical Narrative: The Case of the United Monarchy"</a> (PDF). One God – One Cult – One Nation: Archaeological and Biblical Perspectives. Walter de Gruyter. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022358-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-11-022358-3"><bdi>978-3-11-022358-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rehov.org/Rehov/publications/Mazar%20-%20The%20United%20%20Monarchy-BZAW2010.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2014-06-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Archaeology+and+the+biblical+Narrative%3A+The+Case+of+the+United+Monarchy&rft.btitle=One+God+%E2%80%93+One+Cult+%E2%80%93+One+Nation%3A+Archaeological+and+Biblical+Perspectives&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-3-11-022358-3&rft.aulast=Mazar&rft.aufirst=Amihai&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rehov.org%2FRehov%2Fpublications%2FMazar%2520-%2520The%2520United%2520%2520Monarchy-BZAW2010.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-149"><a href="#cite_ref-149">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biblicalarchaeology.org/daily/ancient-cultures/ancient-israel/did-the-kingdoms-of-saul-david-and-solomon-actually-exist/">"First Person: Did the Kingdoms of Saul, David and Solomon Actually Exist?"</a>. Biblical Archaeology Society. 2020-12-12. Retrieved 2021-07-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Society&rft.atitle=First+Person%3A+Did+the+Kingdoms+of+Saul%2C+David+and+Solomon+Actually+Exist%3F&rft.date=2020-12-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.biblicalarchaeology.org%2Fdaily%2Fancient-cultures%2Fancient-israel%2Fdid-the-kingdoms-of-saul-david-and-solomon-actually-exist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2020Chapter_5-150"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2020Chapter_5_150-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDever2020">Dever 2020</a>, Chapter 5. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2017322–324-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2017322–324_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDever2017">Dever 2017</a>, pp. 322–324. </li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="#cite_ref-152">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/bible/dever.html">"NOVA | The Bible's Buried Secrets | Archeology of the Hebrew Bible"</a>. PBS. Retrieved 2021-07-20. <q>The stories of Solomon are larger than life. According to the stories, Solomon imported 100,000 workers from what is now Lebanon. Well, the whole population of Israel probably wasn't 100,000 in the 10th century. Everything Solomon touched turned to gold. In the minds of the biblical writers, of course, David and Solomon are ideal kings chosen by Yahweh. So they glorify them. Now, archeology can't either prove or disprove the stories. But I think most archeologists today would argue that the United Monarchy was not much more than a kind of hill-country chiefdom. It was very small-scale.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PBS&rft.atitle=NOVA+%7C+The+Bible%27s+Buried+Secrets+%7C+Archeology+of+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwgbh%2Fnova%2Fbible%2Fdever.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Ancient Israel: What Do We Know and How Do We Know It? By Lester L. Grabbe; page 77Bloomsbury Publishing, 2017 </li> <li id="cite_note-154"><a href="#cite_ref-154">^</a> Zachary Thomas, "Debating the United Monarchy: let's see how far we've come." Biblical Theology Bulletin (2016). </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Mazar, Eilat, Excavations at the Summit of the City of David, Preliminary Report of Seasons 2005–2007, Shoham, Jerusalem and New York, 2009, pp. 52–56. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Avraham Faust 2010. "The large stone structure in the City of David: a reexamination." Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palästina-Vereins. </li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="#cite_ref-157">^</a> "The Stepped Stone Structure" in Mazar ed., The Summit of the City of David Excavations 2005–2008: Final Reports Volume I: Area G (2015), pp. 169–88 </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENa'aman2014-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENa'aman2014_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNa'aman2014">Na'aman 2014</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDever2017277–283-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDever2017277–283_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFDever2017">Dever 2017</a>, pp. 277–283. </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-160">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_160-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_160-1">b</a> 'Jerusalem city wall dates back to King Solomon'; by Abe Selig; Jerusalem Post, 23 February 2010; at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jpost.com/Israel/Jlem-city-wall-dates-back-to-King-Solomon">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKitchen2006" class="citation book cs1">Kitchen, K. A. (2006-06-09). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Kw6U05qBiXcC&q=%22the+physical+archaeology+of+tenth-century+Canaan+is+consistent+with+the+former+existence+of+a+unified+state+on+its+terrain%22&pg=PA158">On the Reliability of the Old Testament</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-0396-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-0396-2"><bdi>978-0-8028-0396-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=On+the+Reliability+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2006-06-09&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-0396-2&rft.aulast=Kitchen&rft.aufirst=K.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DKw6U05qBiXcC%26q%3D%2522the%2Bphysical%2Barchaeology%2Bof%2Btenth-century%2BCanaan%2Bis%2Bconsistent%2Bwith%2Bthe%2Bformer%2Bexistence%2Bof%2Ba%2Bunified%2Bstate%2Bon%2Bits%2Bterrain%2522%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-162"><a href="#cite_ref-162">^</a> Has King David's Palace in Jerusalem been Found? By Israel Finkelstein, Lily Singer-Avitz, Ze'ev Herzog & David Ussishkin; Journal of the Institute of Archaeology of Tel Aviv University, Volume 34, 2007 - Issue 2; Pages 142-164 </li> <li id="cite_note-163"><a href="#cite_ref-163">^</a> The "Large Stone Structure" in Jerusalem Reality versus Yearning By Israel Finkelstein, 2011; Zeitschrift des Deutschen Palastina-Vereins 127(1):2-10; at <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.mq.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/527790/Finkelstein-2011,-Jerusalem.pdf">[2]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230419090508/https://www.mq.edu.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/527790/Finkelstein-2011,-Jerusalem.pdf">Archived</a> 2023-04-19 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-garfinkel2012-164"><a href="#cite_ref-garfinkel2012_164-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="garfinkel2012" class="citation web cs1">Garfinkel, Yossi; Ganor, Sa'ar; Hasel, Michael (2012-04-19). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120623021750/http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1989">"Journal 124: Khirbat Qeiyafa preliminary report"</a>. Hadashot Arkheologiyot: Excavations and Surveys in Israel. Israel Antiquities Authority. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hadashot-esi.org.il/report_detail_eng.aspx?id=1989">the original</a> on 2012-06-23. Retrieved 2018-06-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hadashot+Arkheologiyot%3A+Excavations+and+Surveys+in+Israel&rft.atitle=Journal+124%3A+Khirbat+Qeiyafa+preliminary+report&rft.date=2012-04-19&rft.aulast=Garfinkel&rft.aufirst=Yossi&rft.au=Ganor%2C+Sa%27ar&rft.au=Hasel%2C+Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hadashot-esi.org.il%2Freport_detail_eng.aspx%3Fid%3D1989&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-finkelsteinfantalkin2012-165"><a href="#cite_ref-finkelsteinfantalkin2012_165-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="finkelsteinfantalkin2012" class="citation journal cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Fantalkin, Alexander (May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archaeology.tau.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Qeiyafa_Unsensational_Interpretation.pdf">"Khirbet Qeiyafa: an unsensational archaeological and historical interpretation"</a> (PDF). Tel Aviv. 39: 38–63. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1179%2F033443512x13226621280507">10.1179/033443512x13226621280507</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0334-4355">0334-4355</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:161627736">161627736</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170131195600/http://archaeology.tau.ac.il/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/Qeiyafa_Unsensational_Interpretation.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2017-01-31. Retrieved 2018-06-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv&rft.atitle=Khirbet+Qeiyafa%3A+an+unsensational+archaeological+and+historical+interpretation&rft.volume=39&rft.pages=38-63&rft.date=2012-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A161627736%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0334-4355&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1179%2F033443512x13226621280507&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=Fantalkin%2C+Alexander&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchaeology.tau.ac.il%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2013%2F04%2FQeiyafa_Unsensational_Interpretation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFaustSapir20181-166"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFaustSapir20181_166-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFFaustSapir2018">Faust & Sapir 2018</a>, p. 1: 'The lack of evidence for public construction and state apparatus in the region of Judah before the 8th century, expressed for example by the total lack of ashlar construction, is one of the oft-quoted evidence against the historical plausibility of a kingdom centered in Judah. The building of the "governor's residency," along with other lines of evidence, suggests that the settlement at Tel'Eton was transformed in the 10th century BCE, lending important support to the historicity of the United Monarchy' </li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="#cite_ref-167">^</a> Proof Of King David? Not Yet. But Riveting Site Shores Up Roots Of Israelite Era, By Amanda Borschel-Dan; Times Of Israel; 14 May 2018; At <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://Www.Timesofisrael.Com/Proof-Of-King-David-Not-Yet-But-Riveting-Site-Shores-Up-Roots-Of-Israelite-Era/">[3]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="#cite_ref-168">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C2IpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT291">The Sherlock Holmes Book: Big Ideas Simply Explained</a>. Dorling Kindersley. 2015-10-01. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-24124833-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-24124833-1"><bdi>978-0-24124833-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131826/https://books.google.com/books?id=C2IpCgAAQBAJ&pg=PT291">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2018-02-12 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sherlock+Holmes+Book%3A+Big+Ideas+Simply+Explained&rft.pub=Dorling+Kindersley&rft.date=2015-10-01&rft.isbn=978-0-24124833-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC2IpCgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT291&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-169"><a href="#cite_ref-169">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Kane1999" class="citation book cs1">O'Kane, Martin (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AUd28eEXGfoC&q=massie+jonathan&pg=PA86">"The Biblical King David and His Artistic and Literary Afterlives"</a>. In Exum, Jo Cheryl (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondbiblicalho00jche/page/86">Beyond the Biblical Horizon: The Bible and the Arts</a>. BRILL. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/beyondbiblicalho00jche/page/86">86</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004112902" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004112902"><bdi>978-9004112902</bdi></a>. Retrieved 2015-08-15.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Biblical+King+David+and+His+Artistic+and+Literary+Afterlives&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Biblical+Horizon%3A+The+Bible+and+the+Arts&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-9004112902&rft.aulast=O%27Kane&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAUd28eEXGfoC%26q%3Dmassie%2Bjonathan%26pg%3DPA86&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gilbert-170"><a href="#cite_ref-Gilbert_170-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGilbert2015" class="citation news cs1">Gilbert, Matthew (2015-10-03). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2015/10/03/book-review-the-secret-chord-geraldine-brooks/5XqipZWUj40EQVoerjtQmO/story.html">"'The Secret Chord' by Geraldine Brooks"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Boston_Globe" title="The Boston Globe">The Boston Globe</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151005034331/https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/books/2015/10/03/book-review-the-secret-chord-geraldine-brooks/5XqipZWUj40EQVoerjtQmO/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2015-10-05. Retrieved 2015-10-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=%27The+Secret+Chord%27+by+Geraldine+Brooks&rft.date=2015-10-03&rft.aulast=Gilbert&rft.aufirst=Matthew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Farts%2Fbooks%2F2015%2F10%2F03%2Fbook-review-the-secret-chord-geraldine-brooks%2F5XqipZWUj40EQVoerjtQmO%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="#cite_ref-171">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoffman2015" class="citation news cs1">Hoffman, Alice (2015-09-28). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/geraldine-brooks-reimagines-king-davids-life-in-the-secret-chord/2015/09/28/e0a4a69c-62de-11e5-9757-e49273f05f65_story.html">"Geraldine Brooks reimagines King David's life in 'The Secret Chord'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180330075856/https://www.washingtonpost.com/entertainment/books/geraldine-brooks-reimagines-king-davids-life-in-the-secret-chord/2015/09/28/e0a4a69c-62de-11e5-9757-e49273f05f65_story.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-03-30. Retrieved 2018-03-29.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Geraldine+Brooks+reimagines+King+David%27s+life+in+%27The+Secret+Chord%27&rft.date=2015-09-28&rft.aulast=Hoffman&rft.aufirst=Alice&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fentertainment%2Fbooks%2Fgeraldine-brooks-reimagines-king-davids-life-in-the-secret-chord%2F2015%2F09%2F28%2Fe0a4a69c-62de-11e5-9757-e49273f05f65_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="#cite_ref-172">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.scotsman.com/arts-and-culture/books/book-review-anointed-michael-arditti-2538664">"Book review: The Anointed, by Michael Arditti"</a>. www.scotsman.com. 2020-04-14. Retrieved 2022-09-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.scotsman.com&rft.atitle=Book+review%3A+The+Anointed%2C+by+Michael+Arditti&rft.date=2020-04-14&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scotsman.com%2Farts-and-culture%2Fbooks%2Fbook-review-anointed-michael-arditti-2538664&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="#cite_ref-173">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/34eb0bda-8489-11ea-b6e9-a94cffd1d9bf">"The Anointed by Michael Arditti — a David less divine"</a>. Financial Times. 2020-05-08. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/34eb0bda-8489-11ea-b6e9-a94cffd1d9bf">Archived</a> from the original on 2022-12-10. Retrieved 2022-09-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Financial+Times&rft.atitle=The+Anointed+by+Michael+Arditti+%E2%80%94+a+David+less+divine&rft.date=2020-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F34eb0bda-8489-11ea-b6e9-a94cffd1d9bf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="#cite_ref-174">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurnette-Bletsch2016" class="citation book cs1">Burnette-Bletsch, Rhonda (2016-09-12). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtcXDQAAQBAJ&q=%22The+Story+of+David%22+1976+%22Timothy+Bottoms%22+Keith&pg=PA111">The Bible in Motion: A Handbook of the Bible and Its Reception in Film</a>. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781614513261" title="Special:BookSources/9781614513261"><bdi>9781614513261</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131826/https://books.google.com/books?id=MtcXDQAAQBAJ&pg=PA111&dq=%22The+Story+of+David%22+1976+%22Timothy+Bottoms%22+Keith&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22The+Story+of+David%22+1976+%22Timothy+Bottoms%22+Keith&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2018-09-02 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+in+Motion%3A+A+Handbook+of+the+Bible+and+Its+Reception+in+Film&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter+GmbH+%26+Co+KG&rft.date=2016-09-12&rft.isbn=9781614513261&rft.aulast=Burnette-Bletsch&rft.aufirst=Rhonda&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtcXDQAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2BStory%2Bof%2BDavid%2522%2B1976%2B%2522Timothy%2BBottoms%2522%2BKeith%26pg%3DPA111&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="#cite_ref-175">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts2009" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Jerry (2009-06-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kW8j6sHvrewC&q=%22Nathaniel+Parker%22+david+nimoy&pg=PA368">Encyclopedia of Television Film Directors</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 368. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810863781" title="Special:BookSources/9780810863781"><bdi>9780810863781</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131826/https://books.google.com/books?id=kW8j6sHvrewC&pg=PA368&dq=%22Nathaniel+Parker%22+david+nimoy&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22Nathaniel+Parker%22+david+nimoy&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2018-02-14 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+of+Television+Film+Directors&rft.pages=368&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2009-06-05&rft.isbn=9780810863781&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Jerry&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkW8j6sHvrewC%26q%3D%2522Nathaniel%2BParker%2522%2Bdavid%2Bnimoy%26pg%3DPA368&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="#cite_ref-176">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRichards2008" class="citation book cs1">Richards, Jeffrey (2008-09-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0tLUAwAAQBAJ&q=%22Max+von+Sydow%22+solomon+anouk&pg=PA168">Hollywood's Ancient Worlds</a>. A&C Black. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781847250070" title="Special:BookSources/9781847250070"><bdi>9781847250070</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131826/https://books.google.com/books?id=0tLUAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA168&dq=%22Max+von+Sydow%22+solomon+anouk&hl=en#v=onepage&q=%22Max+von+Sydow%22+solomon+anouk&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2018-02-14 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood%27s+Ancient+Worlds&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=A%26C+Black&rft.date=2008-09-01&rft.isbn=9781847250070&rft.aulast=Richards&rft.aufirst=Jeffrey&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0tLUAwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522Max%2Bvon%2BSydow%2522%2Bsolomon%2Banouk%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-177"><a href="#cite_ref-177">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forward.com/culture/104244/david-my-david/">"David, My David"</a>. Forward. 2009-03-26. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180215055002/https://forward.com/culture/104244/david-my-david/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-02-15. Retrieved 2018-02-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Forward&rft.atitle=David%2C+My+David&rft.date=2009-03-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforward.com%2Fculture%2F104244%2Fdavid-my-david%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-178"><a href="#cite_ref-178">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100207180103/http://www.history.com/content/battles-bc">"Battles BC"</a>. History. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.history.com/content/battles-bc">the original</a> on 2010-02-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History&rft.atitle=Battles+BC&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.history.com%2Fcontent%2Fbattles-bc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="#cite_ref-179">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.recordtvnetwork.com/interna.php?p=39&l=en">"King David - Record TV Network"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140618183326/http://www.recordtvnetwork.com/interna.php?l=en&p=39">Archived</a> 2014-06-18 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. recordtvnetwork.com. </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120327054803/http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/celebridades/minisserie-biblica-%E2%80%98rei-davi%E2%80%99-bate-a-luxuria-de-%E2%80%98as-brasileiras%E2%80%99-da-globo">"Texto bíblico de 'Rei Davi' bate a luxúria de 'As Brasileiras'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Veja_(magazine)" title="Veja (magazine)">Veja</a> (in Portuguese). <a href="/wiki/Editora_Abril" title="Editora Abril">Editora Abril</a>. 2012-02-24. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://veja.abril.com.br/noticia/celebridades/minisserie-biblica-%E2%80%98rei-davi%E2%80%99-bate-a-luxuria-de-%E2%80%98as-brasileiras%E2%80%99-da-globo">the original</a> on 2012-03-27. </li> <li id="cite_note-181"><a href="#cite_ref-181">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Boden2017" class="citation book cs1">Anthony Boden, ed. (2017-07-05). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5iMxDwAAQBAJ&dq=when+david+heard+thomas+tomkins&pg=PT131">"Awfull Majestie"</a>. Thomas Tomkins: The Last Elizabethan. <a href="/wiki/Taylor_%26_Francis" title="Taylor & Francis">Taylor & Francis</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781351539166" title="Special:BookSources/9781351539166"><bdi>9781351539166</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Awfull+Majestie&rft.btitle=Thomas+Tomkins%3A+The+Last+Elizabethan&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2017-07-05&rft.isbn=9781351539166&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5iMxDwAAQBAJ%26dq%3Dwhen%2Bdavid%2Bheard%2Bthomas%2Btomkins%26pg%3DPT131&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Handel_Institute-182"><a href="#cite_ref-Handel_Institute_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130924012912/http://gfhandel.org/43to100.html">"G. F. Handel's Compositions"</a>. The Handel Institute. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gfhandel.org/43to100.html">the original</a> on 2013-09-24. Retrieved 2013-09-28.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=G.+F.+Handel%27s+Compositions&rft.pub=The+Handel+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gfhandel.org%2F43to100.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeter_Gradenwitz1954" class="citation news cs1">Peter Gradenwitz (1954-06-02). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1954/06/02/archives/david-milhauds-opera-linking-events-of-bible-with-today-bows-in.html">"'David,' Milhaud's Opera Linking Events Of Bible With Today, Bows in Jerusalem"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. p. 38.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=%27David%2C%27+Milhaud%27s+Opera+Linking+Events+Of+Bible+With+Today%2C+Bows+in+Jerusalem&rft.pages=38&rft.date=1954-06-02&rft.au=Peter+Gradenwitz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1954%2F06%2F02%2Farchives%2Fdavid-milhauds-opera-linking-events-of-bible-with-today-bows-in.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-184"><a href="#cite_ref-184">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leonardbernstein.com/works/view/14/chichester-psalms">"Works - Chorus & Orchestra - Chichester Psalms (1965)"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Works+-+Chorus+%26+Orchestra+-+Chichester+Psalms+%281965%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leonardbernstein.com%2Fworks%2Fview%2F14%2Fchichester-psalms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogovoy2009" class="citation book cs1">Rogovoy, Seth (2009-11-24). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IdbgeObYgIkC&pg=PA237">Bob Dylan: Prophet, Mystic, Poet</a>. Simon & Schuster. p. 237. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-41655983-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-41655983-2"><bdi>978-1-41655983-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131827/https://books.google.com/books?id=IdbgeObYgIkC&pg=PA237">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2018-02-14 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bob+Dylan%3A+Prophet%2C+Mystic%2C+Poet&rft.pages=237&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2009-11-24&rft.isbn=978-1-41655983-2&rft.aulast=Rogovoy&rft.aufirst=Seth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIdbgeObYgIkC%26pg%3DPA237&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="#cite_ref-186">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sting.com/discography/album/208/Singles">"Mad About You"</a>. Sting.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170327080951/http://www.sting.com/discography/album/208/Singles">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-03-27. Retrieved 2017-03-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Sting.com&rft.atitle=Mad+About+You&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sting.com%2Fdiscography%2Falbum%2F208%2FSingles&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.littlefeat.net/index.php?page=lyrics&dc_id=261">"Lyrics Database"</a>. Little Feat website. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160304035626/http://www.littlefeat.net/index.php?page=lyrics&dc_id=261">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-03-04. Retrieved 2017-07-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Little+Feat+website&rft.atitle=Lyrics+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.littlefeat.net%2Findex.php%3Fpage%3Dlyrics%26dc_id%3D261&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMikkelson2007" class="citation web cs1">Mikkelson, David (2007-09-29). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.snopes.com/history/world/cardking.asp">"Four Kings in Deck of Cards"</a>. Snopes. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211119165841/http://www.snopes.com/history/world/cardking.asp">Archived</a> from the original on 2021-11-19. Retrieved 2009-07-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Snopes&rft.atitle=Four+Kings+in+Deck+of+Cards&rft.date=2007-09-29&rft.aulast=Mikkelson&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.snopes.com%2Fhistory%2Fworld%2Fcardking.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadore" class="citation web cs1">Madore, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/cards.html">"Courts on playing cards"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120208003621/http://www.madore.org/~david/misc/cards.html">Archived</a> from the original on 2012-02-08.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Courts+on+playing+cards&rft.aulast=Madore&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.madore.org%2F~david%2Fmisc%2Fcards.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> Illustrations of the Anglo-American and French court cards </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAuld2003" class="citation book cs1">Auld, Graeme (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213">"1 & 2 Samuel"</a>. In James D. G. Dunn; John William Rogerson (eds.). Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837110" title="Special:BookSources/9780802837110"><bdi>9780802837110</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110904/https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+%26+2+Samuel&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Commentary+on+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780802837110&rft.aulast=Auld&rft.aufirst=Graeme&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2Vo-11umIZQC%26pg%3DPA213&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaden2013" class="citation book cs1">Baden, Joel (2013-10-08). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=fTyK-TmD7gAC">The Historical David: The Real Life of an Invented Hero</a>. HarperOne. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-06-218833-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-06-218833-5"><bdi>978-0-06-218833-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Historical+David%3A+The+Real+Life+of+an+Invented+Hero&rft.pub=HarperOne&rft.date=2013-10-08&rft.isbn=978-0-06-218833-5&rft.aulast=Baden&rft.aufirst=Joel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfTyK-TmD7gAC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDever2017" class="citation book cs1">Dever, William G. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mog6DwAAQBAJ">Beyond the Texts: An Archaeological Portrait of Ancient Israel and Judah</a>. SBL Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-88414-217-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-88414-217-1"><bdi>978-0-88414-217-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Texts%3A+An+Archaeological+Portrait+of+Ancient+Israel+and+Judah&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-88414-217-1&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dmog6DwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDever2020" class="citation book cs1">Dever, William G. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=39HoDwAAQBAJ">Has Archaeology Buried the Bible?</a>. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-5949-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4674-5949-5"><bdi>978-1-4674-5949-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Has+Archaeology+Buried+the+Bible%3F&rft.pub=Wm.+B.+Eerdmans+Publishing&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-4674-5949-5&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D39HoDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFaustSapir2018" class="citation journal cs1">Faust, Avraham; Sapir, Yair (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FRDC.2018.10">"The "Governor's Residency" at Tel 'Eton, The United Monarchy, and the Impact of the Old-House Effect on Large-Scale Archaeological Reconstructions"</a>. Radiocarbon. 60 (3): 801–820. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2018Radcb..60..801F">2018Radcb..60..801F</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FRDC.2018.10">10.1017/RDC.2018.10</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0033-8222">0033-8222</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Radiocarbon&rft.atitle=The+%22Governor%27s+Residency%22+at+Tel+%27Eton%2C+The+United+Monarchy%2C+and+the+Impact+of+the+Old-House+Effect+on+Large-Scale+Archaeological+Reconstructions&rft.volume=60&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=801-820&rft.date=2018&rft.issn=0033-8222&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FRDC.2018.10&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2018Radcb..60..801F&rft.aulast=Faust&rft.aufirst=Avraham&rft.au=Sapir%2C+Yair&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1017%252FRDC.2018.10&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinNa'amanRömer2019" class="citation journal cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Na'aman, Nadav; Römer, Thomas (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_66A006EE463B.P001/REF.pdf">"Restoring Line 31 in the Mesha Stele: The 'House of David' or Biblical Balak?"</a> (PDF). Tel Aviv. 46 (1): 3–11. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03344355.2019.1586378">10.1080/03344355.2019.1586378</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0334-4355">0334-4355</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:194331133">194331133</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210427190341/https://serval.unil.ch/resource/serval:BIB_66A006EE463B.P001/REF.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2021-04-27.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv&rft.atitle=Restoring+Line+31+in+the+Mesha+Stele%3A+The+%27House+of+David%27+or+Biblical+Balak%3F&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=3-11&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A194331133%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0334-4355&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03344355.2019.1586378&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=Na%27aman%2C+Nadav&rft.au=R%C3%B6mer%2C+Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fserval.unil.ch%2Fresource%2Fserval%3ABIB_66A006EE463B.P001%2FREF.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2002" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bibleunearthedar00fink">The Bible Unearthed. Archaeology's New Vision of Ancient Israel and The Origin of Its Sacred Texts</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2338-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-2338-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-2338-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Bible+Unearthed.+Archaeology%27s+New+Vision+of+Ancient+Israel+and+The+Origin+of+Its+Sacred+Texts&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-2338-6&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=Silberman%2C+Neil+Asher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbibleunearthedar00fink&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFinkelsteinSilberman2007" class="citation book cs1">Finkelstein, Israel; Silberman, Neil Asher (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Hvq6JbIHBDEC">David and Solomon: In Search of the Bible's Sacred Kings and the Roots of the Western Tradition</a>. Simon and Schuster. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4363-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7432-4363-6"><bdi>978-0-7432-4363-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131826/https://books.google.com/books?id=Hvq6JbIHBDEC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2016-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David+and+Solomon%3A+In+Search+of+the+Bible%27s+Sacred+Kings+and+the+Roots+of+the+Western+Tradition&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-7432-4363-6&rft.aulast=Finkelstein&rft.aufirst=Israel&rft.au=Silberman%2C+Neil+Asher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHvq6JbIHBDEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1955" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Cyrus_H._Gordon" title="Cyrus H. Gordon">Gordon, Cyrus H.</a> (1955). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jstor.org/stable/23506150">"Homer And Bible: The Origin and Character of East Mediterranean Literature"</a>. Hebrew Union College Annual. 26: 43–108. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/23506150">23506150</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hebrew+Union+College+Annual&rft.atitle=Homer+And+Bible%3A+The+Origin+and+Character+of+East+Mediterranean+Literature&rft.volume=26&rft.pages=43-108&rft.date=1955&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23506150%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Cyrus+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F23506150&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHorner1978" class="citation book cs1">Horner, Tom (1978). Jonathan Loved David: Homosexuality in Biblical Times. Westminster: John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664241858" title="Special:BookSources/9780664241858"><bdi>9780664241858</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jonathan+Loved+David%3A+Homosexuality+in+Biblical+Times&rft.place=Westminster&rft.pub=John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1978&rft.isbn=9780664241858&rft.aulast=Horner&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1991" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Douglas A (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC">"Sources"</a>. In Watson E. Mills, Roger Aubrey Bullard (ed.). Mercer Dictionary of the Bible. Mercer University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780865543737" title="Special:BookSources/9780865543737"><bdi>9780865543737</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110900/https://books.google.com/books?id=goq0VWw9rGIC&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sources&rft.btitle=Mercer+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Mercer+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780865543737&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgoq0VWw9rGIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLanglois2019" class="citation journal cs1">Langlois, Michaël (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ixtheo.de/Record/167157415X">"The Kings, the City and the House of David on the Mesha Stele in Light of New Imaging Techniques"</a>. Semitica. 61: 23–47.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Semitica&rft.atitle=The+Kings%2C+the+City+and+the+House+of+David+on+the+Mesha+Stele+in+Light+of+New+Imaging+Techniques&rft.volume=61&rft.pages=23-47&rft.date=2019&rft.aulast=Langlois&rft.aufirst=Micha%C3%ABl&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fixtheo.de%2FRecord%2F167157415X&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemaire1994" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Lemaire" title="André Lemaire">Lemaire, André</a> (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221122090651/https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/20/3">"'House of David' Restored in Moabite Inscription"</a>. Biblical Archaeology Review. 20 (3): 30–37. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/20/3">the original</a> on 2022-11-22. Retrieved 2021-08-23.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=%27House+of+David%27+Restored+in+Moabite+Inscription&rft.volume=20&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=30-37&rft.date=1994&rft.aulast=Lemaire&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baslibrary.org%2Fbiblical-archaeology-review%2F20%2F3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLemaire1999" class="citation book cs1">Lemaire, André (1999). "The united monarchy: Saul, David and Solomon". In Hershel Shanks (ed.). Ancient Israel: From Abraham to the Roman Destruction of the Temple (Revised ed.). Biblical Archaeology Society. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1880317549" title="Special:BookSources/978-1880317549"><bdi>978-1880317549</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+united+monarchy%3A+Saul%2C+David+and+Solomon&rft.btitle=Ancient+Israel%3A+From+Abraham+to+the+Roman+Destruction+of+the+Temple&rft.edition=Revised&rft.pub=Biblical+Archaeology+Society&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=978-1880317549&rft.aulast=Lemaire&rft.aufirst=Andr%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKenzie2004" class="citation book cs1">McKenzie, Steven L. (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=s3weTW7ylToC">Abingdon Old Testament Commentaries: I & II Chronicles</a>. Abingdon Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-5980-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4267-5980-2"><bdi>978-1-4267-5980-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201011131827/https://books.google.com/books?id=s3weTW7ylToC&printsec=frontcover&hl=en">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-10-11. Retrieved 2016-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Abingdon+Old+Testament+Commentaries%3A+I+%26+II+Chronicles&rft.pub=Abingdon+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=978-1-4267-5980-2&rft.aulast=McKenzie&rft.aufirst=Steven+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Ds3weTW7ylToC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMooreKelle2011" class="citation book cs1">Moore, Megan Bishop; Kelle, Brad E. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Qjkz_8EMoaUC&pg=PA19">Biblical History and Israel's Past</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6260-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-6260-0"><bdi>978-0-8028-6260-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110857/https://books.google.com/books?id=Qjkz_8EMoaUC&pg=PA19">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-05-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biblical+History+and+Israel%27s+Past&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-6260-0&rft.aulast=Moore&rft.aufirst=Megan+Bishop&rft.au=Kelle%2C+Brad+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQjkz_8EMoaUC%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNa'aman2014" class="citation journal cs1">Na'aman, Nadav (January–February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.baslibrary.org/biblical-archaeology-review/40/1/12">"The Interchange Between Bible and Archaeology"</a>. Biblical Archaeology Review. 40 (1): 57–62. Retrieved 2021-11-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblical+Archaeology+Review&rft.atitle=The+Interchange+Between+Bible+and+Archaeology&rft.volume=40&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=57-62&rft.date=2014-01%2F2014-02&rft.aulast=Na%27aman&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.baslibrary.org%2Fbiblical-archaeology-review%2F40%2F1%2F12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNa'aman2019" class="citation journal cs1">Na'aman, Nadav (2019). "The Alleged 'Beth David' in the Mesha Stele: The Case Against It". Tel Aviv. 46 (2): 192–197. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F03344355.2019.1650494">10.1080/03344355.2019.1650494</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0334-4355">0334-4355</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:214431108">214431108</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tel+Aviv&rft.atitle=The+Alleged+%27Beth+David%27+in+the+Mesha+Stele%3A+The+Case+Against+It&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=192-197&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A214431108%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=0334-4355&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F03344355.2019.1650494&rft.aulast=Na%27aman&rft.aufirst=Nadav&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPfoh2016" class="citation book cs1">Pfoh, Emanuel (2016-04-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PWreCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA54">The Emergence of Israel in Ancient Palestine: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-134-94775-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-134-94775-1"><bdi>978-1-134-94775-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Israel+in+Ancient+Palestine%3A+Historical+and+Anthropological+Perspectives&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016-04-01&rft.isbn=978-1-134-94775-1&rft.aulast=Pfoh&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPWreCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA54&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPioske2015" class="citation book cs1">Pioske, Daniel (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IrKgBgAAQBAJ">David's Jerusalem: Between Memory and History</a>. Routledge Studies in Religion. Vol. 45. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1317548911" title="Special:BookSources/978-1317548911"><bdi>978-1317548911</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200618005631/https://books.google.com/books?id=IrKgBgAAQBAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 2020-06-18. Retrieved 2020-09-16.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David%27s+Jerusalem%3A+Between+Memory+and+History&rft.series=Routledge+Studies+in+Religion&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1317548911&rft.aulast=Pioske&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIrKgBgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRedford1992" class="citation book cs1">Redford, Donald B. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=G9PgDwAAQBAJ">Egypt, Canaan, and Israel in Ancient Times</a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-21465-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-21465-8"><bdi>978-0-691-21465-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Egypt%2C+Canaan%2C+and+Israel+in+Ancient+Times&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-691-21465-8&rft.aulast=Redford&rft.aufirst=Donald+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DG9PgDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239549316"><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexanderAlexander1983" class="citation book cs1">Alexander, David; Alexander, Pat, eds. (1983). Eerdmans' Handbook to the Bible (New rev. ed.). Grand Rapids, Mich.: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3486-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8028-3486-7"><bdi>978-0-8028-3486-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Eerdmans%27+Handbook+to+the+Bible&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+Mich.&rft.edition=New+rev.&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1983&rft.isbn=978-0-8028-3486-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlter2009" class="citation book cs1">Alter, Robert (2009). The David Story: A Translation with Commentary of 1 and 2 Samuel. W. W. Norton. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0393320770" title="Special:BookSources/978-0393320770"><bdi>978-0393320770</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+David+Story%3A+A+Translation+with+Commentary+of+1+and+2+Samuel&rft.pub=W.+W.+Norton&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0393320770&rft.aulast=Alter&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBergen1996" class="citation book cs1">Bergen, David T. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC&pg=PA49">1, 2 Samuel</a>. B&H Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780805401073" title="Special:BookSources/9780805401073"><bdi>9780805401073</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110902/https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC&pg=PA49">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1%2C+2+Samuel&rft.pub=B%26H+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9780805401073&rft.aulast=Bergen&rft.aufirst=David+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DeGT6fWsajqcC%26pg%3DPA49&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBreytenbach2000" class="citation book cs1">Breytenbach, Andries (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50">"Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative?"</a>. In Johannes Cornelis de Moor; H.F. Van Rooy (eds.). Past, Present, Future: The Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004118713" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004118713"><bdi>978-9004118713</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110852/https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Who+Is+Behind+The+Samuel+Narrative%3F&rft.btitle=Past%2C+Present%2C+Future%3A+The+Deuteronomistic+History+and+the+Prophets&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9004118713&rft.aulast=Breytenbach&rft.aufirst=Andries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuP22QHpnKq8C%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrettler2007" class="citation book cs1">Brettler, Mark Zvi (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nc-i_pQsiW8C&q=%22Deuteronomistic+history%22%22completed+only+in+the+Babylonian+exile%22&pg=PA311">"Introduction to the Historical Books"</a>. In Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195288803" title="Special:BookSources/9780195288803"><bdi>9780195288803</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Introduction+to+the+Historical+Books&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible+with+the+Apocryphal%2FDeuterocanonical+Books&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780195288803&rft.aulast=Brettler&rft.aufirst=Mark+Zvi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNc-i_pQsiW8C%26q%3D%2522Deuteronomistic%2Bhistory%2522%2522completed%2Bonly%2Bin%2Bthe%2BBabylonian%2Bexile%2522%26pg%3DPA311&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBright1981" class="citation book cs1">Bright, John (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofisrael03edbrig">A History of Israel</a> (3rd ed.). Philadelphia: Westminster Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-664-21381-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-664-21381-7"><bdi>978-0-664-21381-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Israel&rft.place=Philadelphia&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Westminster+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=978-0-664-21381-7&rft.aulast=Bright&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryofisrael03edbrig&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBruce1963" class="citation book cs1">Bruce, F. F. (1963). Israel and the Nations: From the Exodus to the Fall of the Second Temple. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1026642167">1026642167</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Nations%3A+From+the+Exodus+to+the+Fall+of+the+Second+Temple&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1963&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1026642167&rft.aulast=Bruce&rft.aufirst=F.+F.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2009" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Michael D. (2009). A Brief Introduction to the Old Testament: the Hebrew Bible in its Context. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199740291" title="Special:BookSources/9780199740291"><bdi>9780199740291</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Brief+Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament%3A+the+Hebrew+Bible+in+its+Context&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780199740291&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoogan2007" class="citation book cs1">Coogan, Michael David (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Nc-i_pQsiW8C&q=%22the+chronology+of+the+first+three+kings+of+Israel%22&pg=RA1-PA512">"Cultural Contexts: The Ancient Near East and Israel"</a>. In Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (eds.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195288803" title="Special:BookSources/9780195288803"><bdi>9780195288803</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cultural+Contexts%3A+The+Ancient+Near+East+and+Israel&rft.btitle=The+New+Oxford+Annotated+Bible+with+the+Apocryphal%2FDeuterocanonical+Books&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780195288803&rft.aulast=Coogan&rft.aufirst=Michael+David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNc-i_pQsiW8C%26q%3D%2522the%2Bchronology%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bfirst%2Bthree%2Bkings%2Bof%2BIsrael%2522%26pg%3DRA1-PA512&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDever2001" class="citation book cs1">Dever, William G. (2001). What did the Bible writers know and when did they know it?. Cambridge, UK: William B. Eerdmans Publ. Co.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+did+the+Bible+writers+know+and+when+did+they+know+it%3F&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=William+B.+Eerdmans+Publ.+Co.&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Dever&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDick2004" class="citation book cs1">Dick, Michael B (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Vlkb0cSBGlIC&pg=PA373">"The History of 'David's Rise to Power' and the Neo-Babylonian Succession Apologies"</a>. In Bernard Frank Batto; Kathryn L. Roberts (eds.). David and Zion: biblical studies in honor of J.J.M. Roberts. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781575060927" title="Special:BookSources/9781575060927"><bdi>9781575060927</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110903/https://books.google.com/books?id=Vlkb0cSBGlIC&pg=PA373">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+History+of+%27David%27s+Rise+to+Power%27+and+the+Neo-Babylonian+Succession+Apologies&rft.btitle=David+and+Zion%3A+biblical+studies+in+honor+of+J.J.M.+Roberts&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781575060927&rft.aulast=Dick&rft.aufirst=Michael+B&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVlkb0cSBGlIC%26pg%3DPA373&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEynikel2000" class="citation book cs1">Eynikel, Erik (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50">"The Relation Between the Eli Narrative and the Ark Narratives"</a>. In Johannes Cornelis de Moor; H.F. Van Rooy (eds.). Past, present, future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004118713" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004118713"><bdi>978-9004118713</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110852/https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Relation+Between+the+Eli+Narrative+and+the+Ark+Narratives&rft.btitle=Past%2C+present%2C+future%3A+the+Deuteronomistic+History+and+the+Prophets&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9004118713&rft.aulast=Eynikel&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuP22QHpnKq8C%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFridman2014" class="citation news cs1">Fridman, Julia (2014-02-20). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/archaeology/.premium-1.575418">"The Naked Truth About King David, the 8th Son"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Haaretz" title="Haaretz">Haaretz</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170904105718/http://www.haaretz.com/jewish/archaeology/.premium-1.575418">Archived</a> from the original on 2017-09-04. Retrieved 2017-09-04.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Haaretz&rft.atitle=The+Naked+Truth+About+King+David%2C+the+8th+Son&rft.date=2014-02-20&rft.aulast=Fridman&rft.aufirst=Julia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.haaretz.com%2Fjewish%2Farchaeology%2F.premium-1.575418&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1986" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Robert (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&pg=PA338">I & II Samuel, A Commentary</a>. Paternoster Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780310230229" title="Special:BookSources/9780310230229"><bdi>9780310230229</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110902/https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&pg=PA338">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+%26+II+Samuel%2C+A+Commentary&rft.pub=Paternoster+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=9780310230229&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJMJ1ZAnswuUC%26pg%3DPA338&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2007" class="citation book cs1">Green, Adam (2007). King Saul: The True History of the First Messiah. Cambridge, UK: Lutterworth Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0718830748" title="Special:BookSources/978-0718830748"><bdi>978-0718830748</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+Saul%3A+The+True+History+of+the+First+Messiah&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+UK&rft.pub=Lutterworth+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0718830748&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Adam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalpern2000" class="citation book cs1">Halpern, Baruch (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qRtUqxkB7wkC&q=%221+Sam.+16-1+Kgs.+2+are+our+main+sources%22&pg=PA318">"David"</a>. In Freedman, David Noel; Allen C., Myers (eds.). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789053565032" title="Special:BookSources/9789053565032"><bdi>9789053565032</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=David&rft.btitle=Eerdmans+Dictionary+of+the+Bible&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=9789053565032&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=Baruch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqRtUqxkB7wkC%26q%3D%25221%2BSam.%2B16-1%2BKgs.%2B2%2Bare%2Bour%2Bmain%2Bsources%2522%26pg%3DPA318&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalpern2001" class="citation book cs1">Halpern, Baruch (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tn8PG4XfuBAC&pg=PA8">David's Secret Demons: Messiah, Murderer, Traitor, King</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802827975" title="Special:BookSources/9780802827975"><bdi>9780802827975</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110850/https://books.google.com/books?id=tn8PG4XfuBAC&pg=PA8">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=David%27s+Secret+Demons%3A+Messiah%2C+Murderer%2C+Traitor%2C+King&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780802827975&rft.aulast=Halpern&rft.aufirst=Baruch&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtn8PG4XfuBAC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarrison1969" class="citation book cs1">Harrison, R. K. (1969). An Introduction to the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/814408043">814408043</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament&rft.place=Grand+Rapids%2C+MI&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F814408043&rft.aulast=Harrison&rft.aufirst=R.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHertzberg1964" class="citation book cs1">Hertzberg, Hans Wilhelm (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&pg=PA11">I & II Samuel, A Commentary</a> (trans. from German 1960 2nd ed.). Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664223182" title="Special:BookSources/9780664223182"><bdi>9780664223182</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110854/https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&pg=PA11">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+%26+II+Samuel%2C+A+Commentary&rft.edition=trans.+from+German+1960+2nd&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1964&rft.isbn=9780664223182&rft.aulast=Hertzberg&rft.aufirst=Hans+Wilhelm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfriNN7IdjOIC%26pg%3DPA11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2001" class="citation book cs1">Jones, Gwilym H (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wCRYl9Ikk6EC&pg=PA196">"1 and 2 Samuel"</a>. In John Barton; John Muddiman (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/oxfordbiblecomme0000unse">The Oxford Bible Commentary</a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780198755005" title="Special:BookSources/9780198755005"><bdi>9780198755005</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=1+and+2+Samuel&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Bible+Commentary&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780198755005&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Gwilym+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwCRYl9Ikk6EC%26pg%3DPA196&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKidner1973" class="citation book cs1">Kidner, Derek (1973). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/psalms172introdu00kidn">The Psalms</a>. Downers Grove, IL: Inter-Varsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87784-868-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87784-868-4"><bdi>978-0-87784-868-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Psalms&rft.place=Downers+Grove%2C+IL&rft.pub=Inter-Varsity+Press&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=978-0-87784-868-4&rft.aulast=Kidner&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpsalms172introdu00kidn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirsch2000" class="citation book cs1">Kirsch, Jonathan (2000). King David: the real life of the man who ruled Israel. Ballantine. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-345-43275-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-345-43275-4"><bdi>0-345-43275-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=King+David%3A+the+real+life+of+the+man+who+ruled+Israel&rft.pub=Ballantine&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-345-43275-4&rft.aulast=Kirsch&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlein2003" class="citation book cs1">Klein, R.W. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&pg=PA314">"Samuel, Books of"</a>. In Bromiley, Geoffrey W (ed.). The international standard Bible encyclopedia. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802837844" title="Special:BookSources/9780802837844"><bdi>9780802837844</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110852/https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C&pg=PA314">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Samuel%2C+Books+of&rft.btitle=The+international+standard+Bible+encyclopedia&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9780802837844&rft.aulast=Klein&rft.aufirst=R.W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6OJvO2jMCr8C%26pg%3DPA314&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKnight1995" class="citation book cs1">Knight, Douglas A (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C">"Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists"</a>. In James Luther Mays; David L. Petersen; Kent Harold Richards (eds.). Old Testament Interpretation. T&T Clark. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780567292896" title="Special:BookSources/9780567292896"><bdi>9780567292896</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110859/https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&printsec=frontcover">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Deuteronomy+and+the+Deuteronomists&rft.btitle=Old+Testament+Interpretation&rft.pub=T%26T+Clark&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9780567292896&rft.aulast=Knight&rft.aufirst=Douglas+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSNLN1nEEys0C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNoll1997" class="citation book cs1">Noll, K. L. (1997). The Faces of David. Sheffield, UK: Sheffield Acad. Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-659-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85075-659-0"><bdi>978-1-85075-659-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Faces+of+David&rft.place=Sheffield%2C+UK&rft.pub=Sheffield+Acad.+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=978-1-85075-659-0&rft.aulast=Noll&rft.aufirst=K.+L.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">Pfoh, Emanuel (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PWreCwAAQBAJ&q=%22The+now+famous+tel+dan+stele%22&pg=PA100">The Emergence of Israel in Ancient Palestine: Historical and Anthropological Perspectives</a>. Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781134947751" title="Special:BookSources/9781134947751"><bdi>9781134947751</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emergence+of+Israel+in+Ancient+Palestine%3A+Historical+and+Anthropological+Perspectives&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=9781134947751&rft.aulast=Pfoh&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPWreCwAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522The%2Bnow%2Bfamous%2Btel%2Bdan%2Bstele%2522%26pg%3DPA100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosner2012" class="citation book cs1">Rosner, Steven (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.guidetothepsalms.com">A Guide to the Psalms of David</a>. Outskirts Press. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110855/http://www.guidetothepsalms.com/">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2020-10-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Psalms+of+David&rft.pub=Outskirts+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Rosner&rft.aufirst=Steven&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.guidetothepsalms.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchleffer2000" class="citation book cs1">Schleffer, Eben (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50">"Saving Saul from the Deuteronomist"</a>. In Johannes Cornelis de Moor; H.F. Van Rooy (eds.). Past, Present, Future: The Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004118713" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004118713"><bdi>978-9004118713</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110852/https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&pg=PA50">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Saving+Saul+from+the+Deuteronomist&rft.btitle=Past%2C+Present%2C+Future%3A+The+Deuteronomistic+History+and+the+Prophets&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-9004118713&rft.aulast=Schleffer&rft.aufirst=Eben&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuP22QHpnKq8C%26pg%3DPA50&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSoggin1987" class="citation book cs1">Soggin, Alberto (1987). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mqSNsKXnHQgC&pg=PA112">Introduction to the Old Testament</a>. Westminster John Knox Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780664221560" title="Special:BookSources/9780664221560"><bdi>9780664221560</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160207201230/https://books.google.com/books?id=mqSNsKXnHQgC&pg=PA112">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-07. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Introduction+to+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=1987&rft.isbn=9780664221560&rft.aulast=Soggin&rft.aufirst=Alberto&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DmqSNsKXnHQgC%26pg%3DPA112&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpieckerman2001" class="citation book cs1">Spieckerman, Hermann (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41_0okLzQJkC&pg=PA337">"The Deuteronomistic History"</a>. In Leo G. Perdue (ed.). The Blackwell companion to the Hebrew Bible. Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780631210719" title="Special:BookSources/9780631210719"><bdi>9780631210719</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106043128/https://books.google.com/books?id=41_0okLzQJkC&pg=PA337">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-01-06. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Deuteronomistic+History&rft.btitle=The+Blackwell+companion+to+the+Hebrew+Bible&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=9780631210719&rft.aulast=Spieckerman&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D41_0okLzQJkC%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThompson1986" class="citation book cs1">Thompson, J. A. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/handbookoflifein0000thom">Handbook of Life in Bible Times</a>. Leicester, UK: Inter-Varsity Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87784-949-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87784-949-0"><bdi>978-0-87784-949-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+Life+in+Bible+Times&rft.place=Leicester%2C+UK&rft.pub=Inter-Varsity+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-87784-949-0&rft.aulast=Thompson&rft.aufirst=J.+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookoflifein0000thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTsumura2007" class="citation book cs1">Tsumura, David Toshio (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC&pg=PA103">The First Book of Samuel</a>. Eerdmans. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780802823595" title="Special:BookSources/9780802823595"><bdi>9780802823595</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181225110851/https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC&pg=PA103">Archived</a> from the original on 2018-12-25. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+First+Book+of+Samuel&rft.pub=Eerdmans&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780802823595&rft.aulast=Tsumura&rft.aufirst=David+Toshio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiLKAlhLDkMwC%26pg%3DPA103&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_Seters1997" class="citation book cs1">Van Seters, John (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=0-skPdXtewwC&pg=PA406">In Search of History: Historiography in the Ancient World and the Origins of Biblical History</a>. Eisenbrauns. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781575060132" title="Special:BookSources/9781575060132"><bdi>9781575060132</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160209013206/https://books.google.com/books?id=0-skPdXtewwC&pg=PA406">Archived</a> from the original on 2016-02-09. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=In+Search+of+History%3A+Historiography+in+the+Ancient+World+and+the+Origins+of+Biblical+History&rft.pub=Eisenbrauns&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=9781575060132&rft.aulast=Van+Seters&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D0-skPdXtewwC%26pg%3DPA406&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalton2009" class="citation book cs1">Walton, John H (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=41_0okLzQJkC&pg=PA337">"The Deuteronomistic History"</a>. In Andrew E. Hill; John H. Walton (eds.). A Survey of the Old Testament. Zondervan. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780631210719" title="Special:BookSources/9780631210719"><bdi>9780631210719</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190106043128/https://books.google.com/books?id=41_0okLzQJkC&pg=PA337">Archived</a> from the original on 2019-01-06. Retrieved 2016-01-07.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Deuteronomistic+History&rft.btitle=A+Survey+of+the+Old+Testament&rft.pub=Zondervan&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=9780631210719&rft.aulast=Walton&rft.aufirst=John+H&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D41_0okLzQJkC%26pg%3DPA337&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:David_(Biblical_figure)" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:David (Biblical figure)">David (Biblical figure)</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/David" class="extiw" title="q:David">David</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.complete-bible-genealogy.com/names/david_593.htm">Complete Bible Genealogy</a>—David's family tree</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colecciondeverda.com/search/label/Personajes%20Antiguo%20Testamento%20(David)">David engravings from the De Verda collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info/david.html">King David</a> at the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info">Christian Iconography web site</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christianiconography.info/goldenLegend/david.htm">The History of David</a>, by William Caxton</li> <li>"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibleodyssey.org:443/people/main-articles/david">David</a>" by Kent Harold Richards at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bibleodyssey.org:443/people/main-articles/david">Bible Odyssey</a></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #FFD700; text-align:center;"><div>David of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah</div><div><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">House of David</a></div><div style="font-size:90%">Cadet branch of the <a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Tribe of Judah</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="3" style="border-top: 5px solid #ACE777;">Regnal titles </th></tr> <tr> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">New title <div style="font-size:90%">Rebellion from <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Israel</a> under <a href="/wiki/Ish-bosheth" title="Ish-bosheth">Ish-bosheth</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">King of Judah</a> </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="2">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></div> </td></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Ish-bosheth" title="Ish-bosheth">Ish-bosheth</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">King of the United Kingdom of Israel and Judah</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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id="Articles_related_to_David" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Articles related to David</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_Israel_and_Judah" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Template:Rulers of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rulers_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Template talk:Rulers of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers_of_Ancient_Israel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers of Ancient Israel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_Israel_and_Judah" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rulers of <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Israel and Judah</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Israel_and_Judah" title="Kings of Israel and Judah">Kings of Israel and Judah</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Judah" title="Kings of Judah">Kings of Judah</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabees" title="Maccabees">Maccabees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Israel (united monarchy)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ish-bosheth" title="Ish-bosheth">Ish-bosheth</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Israel (northern kingdom)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam" title="Jeroboam">Jeroboam I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadab_of_Israel" title="Nadab of Israel">Nadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baasha_of_Israel" title="Baasha of Israel">Baasha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elah_(king)" title="Elah (king)">Elah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimri_(king)" title="Zimri (king)">Zimri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tibni" title="Tibni">Tibni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omri" title="Omri">Omri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahab" title="Ahab">Ahab</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jezebel" title="Jezebel">Jezebel</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Israel" title="Ahaziah of Israel">Ahaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Israel" title="Jehoram of Israel">Jehoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu" title="Jehu">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Israel" title="Jehoahaz of Israel">Jehoahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Israel" title="Jehoash of Israel">Jehoash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeroboam_II" title="Jeroboam II">Jeroboam II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_of_Israel" title="Zechariah of Israel">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallum_of_Israel" title="Shallum of Israel">Shallum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menahem" title="Menahem">Menahem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekahiah" title="Pekahiah">Pekahiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pekah" title="Pekah">Pekah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoshea" title="Hoshea">Hoshea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Judah (southern kingdom)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abijah_of_Judah" title="Abijah of Judah">Abijam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asa_of_Judah" title="Asa of Judah">Asa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoshaphat" title="Jehoshaphat">Jehoshaphat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoram_of_Judah" title="Jehoram of Judah">Jehoram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaziah_of_Judah" title="Ahaziah of Judah">Ahaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athaliah" title="Athaliah">Athaliah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoash_of_Judah" title="Jehoash of Judah">Jehoash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amaziah_of_Judah" title="Amaziah of Judah">Amaziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uzziah" title="Uzziah">Uzziah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jotham" title="Jotham">Jotham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahaz" title="Ahaz">Ahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezekiah" title="Hezekiah">Hezekiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manasseh_of_Judah" title="Manasseh of Judah">Manasseh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amon_of_Judah" title="Amon of Judah">Amon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josiah" title="Josiah">Josiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoahaz_of_Judah" title="Jehoahaz of Judah">Jehoahaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehoiakim" title="Jehoiakim">Jehoiakim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeconiah" title="Jeconiah">Jeconiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedekiah" title="Zedekiah">Zedekiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Judea (Hasmonean dynasty)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_I" title="Aristobulus I">Aristobulus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salome_Alexandra" title="Salome Alexandra">Salome Alexandra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyrcanus_II" title="Hyrcanus II">Hyrcanus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_II" title="Aristobulus II">Aristobulus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Mattathias" title="Antigonus II Mattathias">Antigonus II Mattathias</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Jewish leadership</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Jewish_leaders_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel">List of Jewish leaders in the Land of Israel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Adam_to_David_according_to_the_Hebrew_Bible" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adam_to_David" title="Template:Adam to David"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adam_to_David" title="Template talk:Adam to David"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adam_to_David" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adam to David"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Adam_to_David_according_to_the_Hebrew_Bible" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Generations_of_Adam" title="Generations of Adam">Adam</a> to <a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a> according to the <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Hebrew Bible</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Genesis_creation_narrative" title="Genesis creation narrative">Creation</a> to <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Flood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth" title="Seth">Seth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enos_(biblical_figure)" title="Enos (biblical figure)">Enos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenan" title="Kenan">Kenan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahalalel" title="Mahalalel">Mahalalel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_(biblical_figure)" title="Jared (biblical figure)">Jared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Methuselah" title="Methuselah">Methuselah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lamech_(father_of_Noah)" title="Lamech (father of Noah)">Lamech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shem" title="Shem">Shem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">Patriarchs</a> after <a href="/wiki/Genesis_flood_narrative" title="Genesis flood narrative">Flood</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arpachshad" title="Arpachshad">Arpachshad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cainan" title="Cainan">Cainan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salah_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salah (biblical figure)">Shelah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peleg" title="Peleg">Peleg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reu" title="Reu">Reu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serug" title="Serug">Serug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahor,_son_of_Serug" title="Nahor, son of Serug">Nahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terah" title="Terah">Terah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tribe_of_Judah" title="Tribe of Judah">Tribe of Judah</a> to <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Kingdom</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judah_(son_of_Jacob)" title="Judah (son of Jacob)">Judah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perez_(son_of_Judah)" title="Perez (son of Judah)">Perez</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hezron" title="Hezron">Hezron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ram_(biblical_figure)" title="Ram (biblical figure)">Ram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amminadab" title="Amminadab">Amminadab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahshon" title="Nahshon">Nahshon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salmon_(biblical_figure)" title="Salmon (biblical figure)">Salmon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boaz" title="Boaz">Boaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obed_(biblical_figure)" title="Obed (biblical figure)">Obed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesse_(biblical_figure)" title="Jesse (biblical figure)">Jesse</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Names in italics only appear in the Greek <a href="/wiki/Septuagint" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> version</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Template talk:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible_/_Old_Testament" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Category:Prophets_in_the_Hebrew_Bible" title="Category:Prophets in the Hebrew Bible">Prophets in the Hebrew Bible / Old Testament</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pre-Patriarchal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a>‡</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a>‡ (<a href="/wiki/Noah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Noah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarchs_(Bible)" title="Patriarchs (Bible)">Patriarchs</a> / <a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)#Matriarchs" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarah" title="Sarah">Sarah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Israelite prophets in the <a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a> (<a href="/wiki/Moses_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Moses in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miriam" title="Miriam">Miriam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eldad_and_Medad" title="Eldad and Medad">Eldad and Medad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas" title="Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Mentioned in the <a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im#Former_Prophets" title="Nevi'im">Former Prophets</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joshua" title="Joshua">Joshua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deborah" title="Deborah">Deborah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gideon" title="Gideon">Gideon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samson" title="Samson">Samson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkanah" title="Elkanah">Elkanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_(biblical_figure)" title="Hannah (biblical figure)">Hannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gad_(prophet)" title="Gad (prophet)">Gad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nathan_(prophet)" title="Nathan (prophet)">Nathan</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeduthun" title="Jeduthun">Jeduthun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah_the_Shilonite" title="Ahijah the Shilonite">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shemaiah_(prophet)" title="Shemaiah (prophet)">Shemaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iddo_(prophet)" title="Iddo (prophet)">Iddo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanani" title="Hanani">Hanani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehu_(prophet)" title="Jehu (prophet)">Jehu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micaiah" title="Micaiah">Micaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jahaziel" title="Jahaziel">Jahaziel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eliezer#Eliezer_the_prophet" title="Eliezer">Eliezer ben Dodavah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_ben_Jehoiada" title="Zechariah ben Jehoiada">Zechariah ben Jehoiada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huldah" title="Huldah">Huldah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Major_prophet" title="Major prophet">Major</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isaiah_in_rabbinic_literature" class="mw-redirect" title="Isaiah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_(biblical_figure)" title="Daniel (biblical figure)">Daniel</a>‡ (<a href="/wiki/Daniel_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Daniel in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Minor_Prophets" title="Twelve Minor Prophets">Minor</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a> (<a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Jonah in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beor_(biblical_figure)" title="Beor (biblical figure)">Beor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Balaam" title="Balaam">Balaam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a> (<a href="/wiki/Job_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Job in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amoz" title="Amoz">Amoz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beeri" title="Beeri">Beeri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agur" title="Agur">Agur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uriah_(prophet)" title="Uriah (prophet)">Uriah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buzi" title="Buzi">Buzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordecai" title="Mordecai">Mordecai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esther" title="Esther">Esther</a> (<a href="/wiki/Esther_in_rabbinic_literature" title="Esther in rabbinic literature">in rabbinic literature</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezra" title="Ezra">Ezra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehemiah" title="Nehemiah">Nehemiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruth_(biblical_figure)" title="Ruth (biblical figure)">Ruth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oded_(prophet)" title="Oded (prophet)">Oded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azariah_(prophet)" title="Azariah (prophet)">Azariah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Italics indicate persons whose status as <a href="/wiki/Prophet" title="Prophet">prophets</a> is not universally accepted.</li> <li>‡ indicates persons whose status as prophets is exclusive to <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Psalms" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Psalms" title="Template:Psalms"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Psalms" title="Template talk:Psalms"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Psalms" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Psalms"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Psalms" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Psalms" title="Psalms">Psalms</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By number (divergent Greek number)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_1" title="Psalm 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_2" title="Psalm 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_3" title="Psalm 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_4" title="Psalm 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_5" title="Psalm 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_6" title="Psalm 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_7" title="Psalm 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_8" title="Psalm 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_9" title="Psalm 9">9 (9a)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_10" title="Psalm 10">10 (9b)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_11" title="Psalm 11">11 (10)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_12" title="Psalm 12">12 (11)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_13" title="Psalm 13">13 (12)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_14" title="Psalm 14">14 (13)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_15" title="Psalm 15">15 (14)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_16" title="Psalm 16">16 (15)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_17" title="Psalm 17">17 (16)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_18" title="Psalm 18">18 (17)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_19" title="Psalm 19">19 (18)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_20" title="Psalm 20">20 (19)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_21" title="Psalm 21">21 (20)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_22" title="Psalm 22">22 (21)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_23" title="Psalm 23">23 (22)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_24" title="Psalm 24">24 (23)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_25" title="Psalm 25">25 (24)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_26" title="Psalm 26">26 (25)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_27" title="Psalm 27">27 (26)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_28" title="Psalm 28">28 (27)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_29" title="Psalm 29">29 (28)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_30" title="Psalm 30">30 (29)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_31" title="Psalm 31">31 (30)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_32" title="Psalm 32">32 (31)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_33" title="Psalm 33">33 (32)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_34" title="Psalm 34">34 (33)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_35" title="Psalm 35">35 (34)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_36" title="Psalm 36">36 (35)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_37" title="Psalm 37">37 (36)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_38" title="Psalm 38">38 (37)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_39" title="Psalm 39">39 (38)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_40" title="Psalm 40">40 (39)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_41" title="Psalm 41">41 (40)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_42" title="Psalm 42">42 (41)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_43" title="Psalm 43">43 (42)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_44" title="Psalm 44">44 (43)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_45" title="Psalm 45">45 (44)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_46" title="Psalm 46">46 (45)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_47" title="Psalm 47">47 (46)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_48" title="Psalm 48">48 (47)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_49" title="Psalm 49">49 (48)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_50" title="Psalm 50">50 (49)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_51" title="Psalm 51">51 (50)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_52" title="Psalm 52">52 (51)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_53" title="Psalm 53">53 (52)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_54" title="Psalm 54">54 (53)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_55" title="Psalm 55">55 (54)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_56" title="Psalm 56">56 (55)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_57" title="Psalm 57">57 (56)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_58" title="Psalm 58">58 (57)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_59" title="Psalm 59">59 (58)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_60" title="Psalm 60">60 (59)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_61" title="Psalm 61">61 (60)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_62" title="Psalm 62">62 (61)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_63" title="Psalm 63">63 (62)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_64" title="Psalm 64">64 (63)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_65" title="Psalm 65">65 (64)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_66" title="Psalm 66">66 (65)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_67" title="Psalm 67">67 (66)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_68" title="Psalm 68">68 (67)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_69" title="Psalm 69">69 (68)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_70" title="Psalm 70">70 (69)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_71" title="Psalm 71">71 (70)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_72" title="Psalm 72">72 (71)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_73" title="Psalm 73">73 (72)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_74" title="Psalm 74">74 (73)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_75" title="Psalm 75">75 (74)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_76" title="Psalm 76">76 (75)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_77" title="Psalm 77">77 (76)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_78" title="Psalm 78">78 (77)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_79" title="Psalm 79">79 (78)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_80" title="Psalm 80">80 (79)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_81" title="Psalm 81">81 (80)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_82" title="Psalm 82">82 (81)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_83" title="Psalm 83">83 (82)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_84" title="Psalm 84">84 (83)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_85" title="Psalm 85">85 (84)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_86" title="Psalm 86">86 (85)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_87" title="Psalm 87">87 (86)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_88" title="Psalm 88">88 (87)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_89" title="Psalm 89">89 (88)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_90" title="Psalm 90">90 (89)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_91" title="Psalm 91">91 (90)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_92" title="Psalm 92">92 (91)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_93" title="Psalm 93">93 (92)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_94" title="Psalm 94">94 (93)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_95" title="Psalm 95">95 (94)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_96" title="Psalm 96">96 (95)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_97" title="Psalm 97">97 (96)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_98" title="Psalm 98">98 (97)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_99" title="Psalm 99">99 (98)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_100" title="Psalm 100">100 (99)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_101" title="Psalm 101">101 (100)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_102" title="Psalm 102">102 (101)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_103" title="Psalm 103">103 (102)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_104" title="Psalm 104">104 (103)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_105" title="Psalm 105">105 (104)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_106" title="Psalm 106">106 (105)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_107" title="Psalm 107">107 (106)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_108" title="Psalm 108">108 (107)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_109" title="Psalm 109">109 (108)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_110" title="Psalm 110">110 (109)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_111" title="Psalm 111">111 (110)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_112" title="Psalm 112">112 (111)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_113" title="Psalm 113">113 (112)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_114" title="Psalm 114">114 (113a)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_115" title="Psalm 115">115 (113b)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_116" title="Psalm 116">116 (114–115)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_117" title="Psalm 117">117 (116)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_118" title="Psalm 118">118 (117)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_119" title="Psalm 119">119 (118)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_120" title="Psalm 120">120 (119)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_121" title="Psalm 121">121 (120)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_122" title="Psalm 122">122 (121)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_123" title="Psalm 123">123 (122)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_124" title="Psalm 124">124 (123)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_125" title="Psalm 125">125 (124)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_126" title="Psalm 126">126 (125)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_127" title="Psalm 127">127 (126)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_128" title="Psalm 128">128 (127)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_129" title="Psalm 129">129 (128)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_130" title="Psalm 130">130 (129)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_131" title="Psalm 131">131 (130)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_132" title="Psalm 132">132 (131)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_133" title="Psalm 133">133 (132)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_134" title="Psalm 134">134 (133)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_135" title="Psalm 135">135 (134)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_136" title="Psalm 136">136 (135)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_137" title="Psalm 137">137 (136)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_138" title="Psalm 138">138 (137)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_139" title="Psalm 139">139 (138)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_140" title="Psalm 140">140 (139)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_141" title="Psalm 141">141 (140)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_142" title="Psalm 142">142 (141)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_143" title="Psalm 143">143 (142)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_144" title="Psalm 144">144 (143)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_145" title="Psalm 145">145 (144)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_146" title="Psalm 146">146 (145)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_147" title="Psalm 147">147 (146–147)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_148" title="Psalm 148">148</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_149" title="Psalm 149">149</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_150" title="Psalm 150">150</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_apocrypha" title="Biblical apocrypha">Apocrypha</a> or <a href="/wiki/Deuterocanonical_books" title="Deuterocanonical books">Deuterocanonical</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_151" title="Psalm 151">151</a> (<a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_152%E2%80%93155" title="Psalms 152–155">152–155</a> (<a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Syriac Orthodox">Syriac Orthodox</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon" title="Psalms of Solomon">Psalms of Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_(biblical_figure)" title="Ethan (biblical figure)">Ethan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heman_the_Ezrahite" title="Heman the Ezrahite">Heman the Ezrahite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Asaph" title="Psalms of Asaph">Asaph</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types of psalm</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Asaph" title="Psalms of Asaph">Psalms of Asaph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_of_communal_lament" title="Psalm of communal lament">Communal lament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imprecatory_Psalms" title="Imprecatory Psalms">Imprecatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invitatory" title="Invitatory">Invitatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laudate_psalms" title="Laudate psalms">Laudate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitential_Psalms" class="mw-redirect" title="Penitential Psalms">Penitential</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royal_psalms" title="Royal psalms">Royal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Ascents" title="Song of Ascents">Song of Ascents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Psalter" title="Psalter">Psalter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallel" title="Hallel">Hallel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hallelujah" title="Hallelujah">Hallelujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leviathan" title="Leviathan">Leviathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miktam" title="Miktam">Miktam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rahab_(term)" title="Rahab (term)">Rahab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selah" title="Selah">Selah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshannim" title="Shoshannim">Shoshannim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Psalm_45" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen of Psalm 45">Queen of Psalm 45</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psalm phrases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beatus_vir" title="Beatus vir">Beatus vir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_is_time_to_work_for_the_Lord" title="It is time to work for the Lord">It is time to work for the Lord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_cup_runneth_over" title="My cup runneth over">My cup runneth over</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/They_have_pierced_my_hands_and_my_feet" title="They have pierced my hands and my feet">They have pierced my hands and my feet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Psalmody</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_psalmody" title="Exclusive psalmody">Exclusive psalmody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaelic_psalm_singing" title="Gaelic psalm singing">Gaelic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Responsorial_psalmody" title="Responsorial psalmody">Responsorial</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kathisma" title="Kathisma">Kathisma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perek_Shirah" class="mw-redirect" title="Perek Shirah">Perek Shirah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pater_Noster_cord" title="Pater Noster cord">Pater Noster cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tikkun_HaKlali" title="Tikkun HaKlali">Tikkun HaKlali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zabur" title="Zabur">Zabur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midrash_Tehillim" title="Midrash Tehillim">Midrash Tehillim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4Q448" title="4Q448">4Q448</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Psalms_Scroll" title="Great Psalms Scroll">Great Psalms Scroll</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Oxyrhynchus_5101" title="Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5101">Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 5101</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papyrus_Vindobonensis_Greek_39777" title="Papyrus Vindobonensis Greek 39777">Vindobonensis Greek 39777</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._Lond.Lit.207" title="P. Lond.Lit.207">P. Lond.Lit.207</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taylor-Schechter_16.320" title="Taylor-Schechter 16.320">Taylor-Schechter 16.320</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosiano_O_39_sup." title="Ambrosiano O 39 sup.">Ambrosiano O 39 sup.</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="First_Book_of_Samuel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:First_Book_of_Samuel" title="Template:First Book of Samuel"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:First_Book_of_Samuel" title="Template talk:First Book of Samuel"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:First_Book_of_Samuel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:First Book of Samuel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="First_Book_of_Samuel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Books_of_Samuel" title="Books of Samuel">First Book of Samuel</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> <a href="/wiki/Chapters_and_verses_of_the_Bible" title="Chapters and verses of the Bible">chapters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_1" title="1 Samuel 1">1 Samuel 1</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_2" title="1 Samuel 2">2</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_3" title="1 Samuel 3">3</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_4" title="1 Samuel 4">4</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_5" title="1 Samuel 5">5</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_6" title="1 Samuel 6">6</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_7" title="1 Samuel 7">7</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_8" title="1 Samuel 8">8</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_9" title="1 Samuel 9">9</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_10" title="1 Samuel 10">10</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_11" title="1 Samuel 11">11</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_12" title="1 Samuel 12">12</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_13" title="1 Samuel 13">13</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_14" title="1 Samuel 14">14</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_15" title="1 Samuel 15">15</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_16" title="1 Samuel 16">16</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_17" title="1 Samuel 17">17</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_18" title="1 Samuel 18">18</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_19" title="1 Samuel 19">19</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_20" title="1 Samuel 20">20</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_21" title="1 Samuel 21">21</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_22" title="1 Samuel 22">22</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_23" title="1 Samuel 23">23</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_24" title="1 Samuel 24">24</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_25" title="1 Samuel 25">25</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_26" title="1 Samuel 26">26</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_27" title="1 Samuel 27">27</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_28" title="1 Samuel 28">28</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_29" title="1 Samuel 29">29</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_30" title="1 Samuel 30">30</a> • <a href="/wiki/1_Samuel_31" title="1 Samuel 31">31</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Places</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adullam" title="Adullam">Adullam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aijalon" class="mw-redirect" title="Aijalon">Aijalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aphek_(biblical)" title="Aphek (biblical)">Aphek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aroer" title="Aroer">Aroer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isdud" title="Isdud">Ashdod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascalon" title="Ascalon">Ashkelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azekah" title="Azekah">Azekah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tel_Be%27er_Sheva" title="Tel Be'er Sheva">Beersheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Besor" class="mw-redirect" title="Besor">Besor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names_starting_with_B" title="List of biblical names starting with B">Bethcar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethel" title="Bethel">Bethel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bethlehem" title="Bethlehem">Bethlehem</a>(-Judah)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_She%27an" title="Beit She'an">Bethshan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Shemesh" title="Beit Shemesh">Beth Shemesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carmel_(biblical_settlement)" title="Carmel (biblical settlement)">Carmel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_(ancient_city)" title="Dan (ancient city)">Dan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kafr_Qasim" title="Kafr Qasim">Ebenezer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edom" title="Edom">Edom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekron" title="Ekron">Ekron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endor_(village)" title="Endor (village)">Endor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ein_Gedi" title="Ein Gedi">Engedi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephesdammim" class="mw-redirect" title="Ephesdammim">Ephesdammim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Ephraim" title="Mount Ephraim">Ephraim, Mount</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eshtemoa" title="Eshtemoa">Eshtemoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallim" class="mw-redirect" title="Gallim">Gallim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gath_(city)" title="Gath (city)">Gath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaza_City" title="Gaza City">Gaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geba_(city)" title="Geba (city)">Geba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibeah" title="Gibeah">Gibeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Gilboa" title="Mount Gilboa">Gilboa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gilgal" title="Gilgal">Gilgal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hachilah" class="mw-redirect" title="Hachilah">Hachilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hareth_(biblical_place)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hareth (biblical place)">Hareth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Havilah" title="Havilah">Havilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hebron" title="Hebron">Hebron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hormah" title="Hormah">Hormah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabesh-Gilead" title="Jabesh-Gilead">Jabesh-Gilead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jattir" title="Jattir">Jattir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jezreel_(city)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jezreel (city)">Jezreel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_River" title="Jordan River">Jordan River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keilah" title="Keilah">Keilah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiriath-Jearim" title="Kiriath-Jearim">Kiriath Jearim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tell_Maon" class="mw-redirect" title="Tell Maon">Maon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michmas" title="Michmas">Michmash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Migron,_Mateh_Binyamin" class="mw-redirect" title="Migron, Mateh Binyamin">Migron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizpah_in_Benjamin" title="Mizpah in Benjamin">Mizpah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizpah_(Moab)" title="Mizpah (Moab)">Mizpeh</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moab" title="Moab">Moab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naioth" title="Naioth">Naioth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nob,_Israel" title="Nob, Israel">Nob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ophrah" title="Ophrah">Ophrah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_of_Paran" title="Desert of Paran">Paran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramathaim-Zophim" title="Ramathaim-Zophim">Ramah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalath-Beer" title="Baalath-Beer">Ramoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaaraim" title="Shaaraim">Shaaraim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_biblical_names_starting_with_S" title="List of biblical names starting with S">Shen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shiloh_(biblical_city)" title="Shiloh (biblical city)">Shiloh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sokho" title="Sokho">Shochoh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulam" title="Sulam">Shunem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shur_(Bible)" title="Shur (Bible)">Shur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_Elah" title="Valley of Elah">Valley of Elah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeboim_(Hebrew_Bible)" title="Zeboim (Hebrew Bible)">Zeboim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zelzah_(biblical_place)" class="mw-redirect" title="Zelzah (biblical place)">Zelzah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziklag" title="Ziklag">Ziklag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zobah" title="Zobah">Zobah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuph" title="Zuph">Zuph, Land of</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rulers/leaders</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eli_(biblical_figure)" title="Eli (biblical figure)">Eli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abiathar" title="Abiathar">Abiathar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abiel" title="Abiel">Abiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abigail" title="Abigail">Abigail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abishai_(biblical_figure)" title="Abishai (biblical figure)">Abishai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abner" title="Abner">Abner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achish" title="Achish">Achish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agag" title="Agag">Agag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahijah" title="Ahijah">Ahijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahinoam" title="Ahinoam">Ahinoam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimaaz" title="Ahimaaz">Ahimaaz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahimelech" title="Ahimelech">Ahimelech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahinoam" title="Ahinoam">Ahinoam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahitub_(High_Priest)" title="Ahitub (High Priest)">Ahitub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amalekite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amalekite">Amalekites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ammon" title="Ammon">Ammon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children_of_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Children of Israel">Children of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elkanah" title="Elkanah">Elkanah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_(biblical_figure)" title="Hannah (biblical figure)">Hannah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hophni_and_Phinehas" title="Hophni and Phinehas">Hophni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichabod" title="Ichabod">Ichabod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishui" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishui">Ishui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israelites" title="Israelites">Israelites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joab" title="Joab">Joab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_(1_Samuel)" title="Jonathan (1 Samuel)">Jonathan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joshua_the_Bethshemite" class="mw-redirect" title="Joshua the Bethshemite">Joshua the Bethshemite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenite" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenite">Kenites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kish_(Bible)" title="Kish (Bible)">Kish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laish_(father_of_Palti)" class="mw-redirect" title="Laish (father of Palti)">Laish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_of_God" title="Man of God">Man of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matri_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matri (biblical figure)">Matri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchishua" class="mw-redirect" title="Melchishua">Melchishua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merab" class="mw-redirect" title="Merab">Merab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michal" title="Michal">Michal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ner_(biblical_figure)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ner (biblical figure)">Ner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palti_son_of_Laish" class="mw-redirect" title="Palti son of Laish">Phalti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninnah" title="Peninnah">Peninnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistines" title="Philistines">Philistines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hophni_and_Phinehas" title="Hophni and Phinehas">Phinehas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phinehas%27s_wife" title="Phinehas's wife">Phinehas's wife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Witch_of_Endor" title="Witch of Endor">Witch of Endor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeruiah" title="Zeruiah">Zeruiah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Phrases/events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ark_of_the_Covenant" title="Ark of the Covenant">Ark of the Covenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashtaroth" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashtaroth">Ashtaroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baalim" class="mw-redirect" title="Baalim">Baalim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Aphek" title="Battle of Aphek">Battle of Aphek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Michmash" title="Battle of Michmash">Battle of Michmash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_and_Goliath" class="mw-redirect" title="David and Goliath">David and Goliath</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephod" title="Ephod">Ephod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kohen" title="Kohen">Kohen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philistine_captivity_of_the_Ark" title="Philistine captivity of the Ark">Philistine captivity of the Ark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pim_weight" title="Pim weight">Pim weight</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Manuscripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Samuel_Scroll" title="The Samuel Scroll">The Samuel Scroll</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Textual analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Court_History_of_David" title="Court History of David">Court History of David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deuteronomist" title="Deuteronomist">Deuteronomistic history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Books_of_the_Kingdoms" title="Books of the Kingdoms">Books of the Kingdoms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_and_Jonathan" title="David and Jonathan">David and Jonathan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sources</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/he:%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%90_%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%93" class="extiw" title="wikisource:he:שמואל א ניקוד">Hebrew Bible</a> • <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/el:%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%B9%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD_%CE%91%27" class="extiw" title="wikisource:el:Βασιλειών Α'">Septuagint</a> • <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(Wycliffe)/1_Kings" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (Wycliffe)/1 Kings">Wycliffe Bible</a> • <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Samuel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (King James)/1 Samuel">King James Version</a> • <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(American_Standard)/1_Samuel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (American Standard)/1 Samuel">American Standard Version</a> • <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(World_English)/1_Samuel" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Bible (World English)/1 Samuel">World English Version</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Prophets_in_the_Quran" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks plainlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Template:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Template talk:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets_in_the_Quran" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Prophets in the Quran"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Prophets_in_the_Quran" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Prophets in the Quran</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">آدَم</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">إِدرِيس</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">نُوح</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">هُود</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">صَالِح</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">إِبْرَاهِيْم</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">لُوط</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">إِسْمَاعِيْل</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_in_Islam" title="Adam in Islam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Idris_(prophet)" title="Idris (prophet)">Idris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoch" title="Enoch">Enoch</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Noah_in_Islam" title="Noah in Islam">Nuh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hud_(prophet)" title="Hud (prophet)">Hud</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eber" title="Eber">Eber</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salih" title="Salih">Salih</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selah_(biblical_figure)" title="Selah (biblical figure)">Selah</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abraham_in_Islam" title="Abraham in Islam">Ibrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lot_in_Islam" title="Lot in Islam">Lut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lot_(biblical_person)" title="Lot (biblical person)">Lot</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael_in_Islam" title="Ishmael in Islam">Ismail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ishmael" title="Ishmael">Ishmael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">إِسْحَاق</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">يَعْقُوب</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">يُوسُف</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">أَيُّوْب</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">شُعَيْب</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">مُوسَى</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">هَارُون</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">ذُو الكِفْل</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8.333%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">دَاوُد</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isaac_in_Islam" title="Isaac in Islam">Is'haq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_in_Islam" title="Jacob in Islam">Yaqub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_in_Islam" title="Joseph in Islam">Yusuf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Job_in_Islam" title="Job in Islam">Ayyub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shuaib" title="Shuaib">Shuayb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jethro_(biblical_figure)" title="Jethro (biblical figure)">Jethro</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moses_in_Islam" title="Moses in Islam">Musa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aaron_in_Islam" title="Aaron in Islam">Harun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aaron" title="Aaron">Aaron</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dhu_al-Kifl" title="Dhu al-Kifl">Dhu l-Kifl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a> (?)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautama_Buddha" class="mw-redirect" title="Gautama Buddha">Gautama Buddha</a> (?)</li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/David_in_Islam" title="David in Islam">Dawud</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent;color:inherit;"><div style="padding:0px"><table class="navbox-columns-table" style="border-spacing: 0px; text-align:left;width:100%;"><tbody><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">سُلَيْمَان</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">إِلْيَاس</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">اليَسَع</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">يُونُس</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">زَكَرِيَّا</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">يَحْيَى</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">عِيسَى</td><td class="navbox-abovebelow" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;font-weight:bold;width:8%;font-weight:normal; background-color:#dcf5dc; padding:0.75em 0.1em 0.5em;">مُحَمَّد</td></tr><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td class="navbox-list" style="padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Sulayman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elijah_in_Islam" title="Elijah in Islam">Ilyas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elisha_in_Islam" title="Elisha in Islam">Al-Yasa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisha" title="Elisha">Elisha</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jonah_in_Islam" title="Jonah in Islam">Yunus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_in_Islam" title="Zechariah in Islam">Zakariya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist_in_Islam" title="John the Baptist in Islam">Yahya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_in_Islam" title="Jesus in Islam">Isa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-list" style="border-left:2px solid #fdfdfd;padding:0px;text-align:center;width:10em;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad_in_Islam" title="Muhammad in Islam">Muhammad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">Muhammad</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#dcf5dc;"><div>Note: <a href="/wiki/Muslim" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim">Muslims</a> believe that there were many prophets sent by <a href="/wiki/God_in_Islam" title="God in Islam">God</a> to mankind. The <a href="/wiki/Prophets_and_messengers_in_Islam" title="Prophets and messengers in Islam">Islamic prophets</a> above are only the ones mentioned by name in the <a href="/wiki/Quran" title="Quran">Quran</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Solomon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Solomon" title="Template:Solomon"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Solomon" title="Template talk:Solomon"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Solomon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Solomon"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Solomon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family and reputed relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Davidic_line" title="Davidic line">Davidic line</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menelik_I" title="Menelik I">Menelik I</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_dynasty" title="Solomonic dynasty">Solomonic dynasty</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naamah_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Naamah (wife of Solomon)">Naamah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh%27s_daughter_(wife_of_Solomon)" title="Pharaoh's daughter (wife of Solomon)">Pharaoh's daughter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Sheba" title="Queen of Sheba">Queen of Sheba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehoboam" title="Rehoboam">Rehoboam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Occurrences</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judgement_of_Solomon" title="Judgement of Solomon">Judgement of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_and_Marcolf" title="Solomon and Marcolf">Solomon and Marcolf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon_in_Islam" title="Solomon in Islam">Solomon in Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_shamir" title="Solomon's shamir">Solomon's shamir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">Solomon's Temple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Throne_of_Solomon" title="Throne of Solomon">Throne of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_ants" title="Valley of the ants">Valley of the ants</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reputed works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Protocanonical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ecclesiastes" title="Ecclesiastes">Ecclesiastes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Proverbs" title="Book of Proverbs">Proverbs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_72" title="Psalm 72">Psalm 72</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalm_127" title="Psalm 127">Psalm 127</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_Songs" title="Song of Songs">Song of Songs</a></li></ul></li> <li>Deuterocanonical <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Book_of_Wisdom" title="Book of Wisdom">Book of Wisdom</a></li></ul></li> <li>Apocryphal <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odes_of_Solomon" title="Odes of Solomon">Odes of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prayer_of_Solomon" title="Prayer of Solomon">Prayer of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psalms_of_Solomon" title="Psalms of Solomon">Psalms of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testament_of_Solomon" title="Testament of Solomon">Testament of Solomon</a></li></ul></li> <li>Grimoires <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Key_of_Solomon" title="Key of Solomon">Key of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lesser_Key_of_Solomon" title="The Lesser Key of Solomon">The Lesser Key of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magical_Treatise_of_Solomon" title="Magical Treatise of Solomon">Magical Treatise of Solomon</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boaz_and_Jachin" title="Boaz and Jachin">Boaz and Jachin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Solomon%27s_Mines" title="King Solomon's Mines">King Solomon's Mines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seal_of_Solomon" title="Seal of Solomon">Seal of Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomonic_column" title="Solomonic column">Solomonic column</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_knot" title="Solomon's knot">Solomon's knot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Pools" title="Solomon's Pools">Solomon's Pools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sorcery_(goetia)" title="Sorcery (goetia)">Sorcery (goetia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">United Monarchy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Catholic_saints" title="Template talk:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic_saints" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Catholic saints"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Saints_of_the_Catholic_Church" class="wraplinks" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Catholic_saints" title="List of Catholic saints">Saints of the Catholic Church</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div><a href="/wiki/Dicastery_for_the_Causes_of_Saints" title="Dicastery for the Causes of Saints">Dicastery for the Causes of Saints</a> Stages of <a href="/wiki/Canonization" title="Canonization">canonization</a>: <a href="/wiki/Servant_of_God#Catholic_Church" title="Servant of God">Servant of God</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/The_Venerable#Christianity" title="The Venerable">Venerable</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Beatification" title="Beatification">Blessed</a>   →   <a href="/wiki/Saint" title="Saint">Saint</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Veneration_of_Mary_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Veneration of Mary in the Catholic Church">Virgin Mary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Theotokos" title="Theotokos">Mother of God (Theotokos)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immaculate_Conception" title="Immaculate Conception">Immaculate Conception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetual_virginity_of_Mary" title="Perpetual virginity of Mary">Perpetual virginity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assumption_of_Mary" title="Assumption of Mary">Assumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marian_apparition" title="Marian apparition">Marian apparition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titles_of_Mary" class="mw-redirect" title="Titles of Mary">Titles of Mary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (husband)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Apostles_in_the_New_Testament" title="Apostles in the New Testament">Apostles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barnabas" title="Barnabas">Barnabas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bartholomew_the_Apostle" title="Bartholomew the Apostle">Bartholomew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James,_son_of_Alphaeus" title="James, son of Alphaeus">James of Alphaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_the_Great" title="James the Great">James the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Apostle" title="John the Apostle">John</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jude_the_Apostle" title="Jude the Apostle">Jude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthias_the_Apostle" title="Matthias the Apostle">Matthias</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_the_Apostle" title="Paul the Apostle">Paul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Apostle" title="Philip the Apostle">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_the_Zealot" title="Simon the Zealot">Simon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_the_Apostle" title="Thomas the Apostle">Thomas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Archangel" title="Archangel">Archangels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gabriel" title="Gabriel">Gabriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_(archangel)" title="Michael (archangel)">Michael</a>  <a href="/wiki/Saint_Michael_in_the_Catholic_Church" title="Saint Michael in the Catholic Church">in the Catholic Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raphael_(archangel)" title="Raphael (archangel)">Raphael</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Confessor_of_the_Faith" title="Confessor of the Faith">Confessors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Kiev" title="Anthony of Kiev">Anthony of Kiev</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariton_the_Confessor" title="Chariton the Confessor">Chariton the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Dominic" title="Saint Dominic">Dominic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_of_Assisi" title="Francis of Assisi">Francis of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Borgia" title="Francis Borgia">Francis Borgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Homobonus" title="Saint Homobonus">Homobonus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lazarus_Zographos" title="Lazarus Zographos">Lazarus Zographos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bertrand_(saint)" title="Louis Bertrand (saint)">Louis Bertrand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_of_Synnada" title="Michael of Synnada">Michael of Synnada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paphnutius_of_Thebes" title="Paphnutius of Thebes">Paphnutius the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_I_of_Constantinople" title="Paul I of Constantinople">Paul I of Constantinople</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Claver" title="Peter Claver">Peter Claver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salonius" title="Salonius">Salonius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sergius_of_Radonezh" title="Sergius of Radonezh">Sergius of Radonezh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophanes_the_Confessor" title="Theophanes the Confessor">Theophanes the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Padre_Pio" title="Padre Pio">Pio of Pietrelcina</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Disciple_(Christianity)" title="Disciple (Christianity)">Disciples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollos" title="Apollos">Apollos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_of_Bethany" title="Mary of Bethany">Mary of Bethany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Magdalene" title="Mary Magdalene">Mary Magdalene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priscilla_and_Aquila" title="Priscilla and Aquila">Priscilla and Aquila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silas" title="Silas">Silvanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Timothy" title="Saint Timothy">Timothy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Titus" title="Saint Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventy_disciples" title="Seventy disciples">Seventy disciples</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Doctor_of_the_Church" title="Doctor of the Church">Doctors of the Church</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basil_of_Caesarea" title="Basil of Caesarea">Basil of Caesarea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bede" title="Bede">Bede the Venerable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Aquinas" title="Thomas Aquinas">Thomas Aquinas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaventure" title="Bonaventure">Bonaventure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anselm_of_Canterbury" title="Anselm of Canterbury">Anselm of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Damian" title="Peter Damian">Peter Damian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernard_of_Clairvaux" title="Bernard of Clairvaux">Bernard of Clairvaux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alphonsus_Liguori" title="Alphonsus Liguori">Alphonsus Liguori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Canisius" title="Peter Canisius">Peter Canisius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_the_Cross" title="John of the Cross">John of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Bellarmine" title="Robert Bellarmine">Robert Bellarmine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Magnus" title="Albertus Magnus">Albertus Magnus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthony_of_Padua" title="Anthony of Padua">Anthony of Padua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Brindisi" title="Lawrence of Brindisi">Lawrence of Brindisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_%C3%81vila" title="Teresa of Ávila">Teresa of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9r%C3%A8se_of_Lisieux" title="Thérèse of Lisieux">Thérèse of Lisieux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_%C3%81vila" title="John of Ávila">John of Ávila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Narek" title="Gregory of Narek">Gregory of Narek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Four_Evangelists" title="Four Evangelists">Evangelists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_the_Apostle" title="Matthew the Apostle">Matthew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mark_the_Evangelist" title="Mark the Evangelist">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luke_the_Evangelist" title="Luke the Evangelist">Luke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Evangelist" title="John the Evangelist">John</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_Fathers" title="Church Fathers">Church Fathers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Alexander I of Alexandria">Alexander of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_of_Jerusalem" title="Alexander of Jerusalem">Alexander of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrose" title="Ambrose">Ambrose of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatolius_of_Laodicea" title="Anatolius of Laodicea">Anatolius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_of_Alexandria" title="Athanasius of Alexandria">Athanasius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Hippo" title="Augustine of Hippo">Augustine of Hippo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarius_of_Arles" title="Caesarius of Arles">Caesarius of Arles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caius_(presbyter)" title="Caius (presbyter)">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cappadocian_Fathers" title="Cappadocian Fathers">Cappadocian Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Alexandria" title="Clement of Alexandria">Clement of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprian" title="Cyprian">Cyprian of Carthage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Alexandria" title="Cyril of Alexandria">Cyril of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyril_of_Jerusalem" title="Cyril of Jerusalem">Cyril of Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Fathers" title="Desert Fathers">Desert Fathers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desert_Mothers" title="Desert Mothers">Desert Mothers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius_of_Alexandria" title="Pope Dionysius of Alexandria">Dionysius of Alexandria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dionysius_of_Corinth" title="Dionysius of Corinth">Dionysius of Corinth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ephrem_the_Syrian" title="Ephrem the Syrian">Ephrem the Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epiphanius_of_Salamis" title="Epiphanius of Salamis">Epiphanius of Salamis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulgentius_of_Ruspe" title="Fulgentius of Ruspe">Fulgentius of Ruspe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nazianzus" title="Gregory of Nazianzus">Gregory of Nazianzus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_of_Nyssa" title="Gregory of Nyssa">Gregory of Nyssa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilary_of_Poitiers" title="Hilary of Poitiers">Hilary of Poitiers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hippolytus_of_Rome" title="Hippolytus of Rome">Hippolytus of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ignatius_of_Antioch" title="Ignatius of Antioch">Ignatius of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irenaeus" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus of Lyons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerome" title="Jerome">Jerome of Stridonium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Chrysostom" title="John Chrysostom">John Chrysostom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_of_Damascus" title="John of Damascus">John of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximus_the_Confessor" title="Maximus the Confessor">Maximus the Confessor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melito_of_Sardis" title="Melito of Sardis">Melito of Sardis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadratus_of_Athens" title="Quadratus of Athens">Quadratus of Athens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papias_of_Hierapolis" title="Papias of Hierapolis">Papias of Hierapolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chrysologus" title="Peter Chrysologus">Peter Chrysologus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polycarp" title="Polycarp">Polycarp of Smyrna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theophilus_of_Antioch" title="Theophilus of Antioch">Theophilus of Antioch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victorinus_of_Pettau" title="Victorinus of Pettau">Victorinus of Pettau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_L%C3%A9rins" title="Vincent of Lérins">Vincent of Lérins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Christian_martyr" title="Christian martyr">Martyrs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abda_and_Abdisho" title="Abda and Abdisho">Abda and Abdisho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boris_and_Gleb" title="Boris and Gleb">Boris and Gleb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Foucauld" title="Charles de Foucauld">Charles de Foucauld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Martyrs" title="Canadian Martyrs">Canadian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carthusian_Martyrs" title="Carthusian Martyrs">Carthusian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Child_Martyrs_of_Tlaxcala" title="Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala">Child Martyrs of Tlaxcala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christina_of_Persia" title="Christina of Persia">Christina of Persia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devasahayam_Pillai" title="Devasahayam Pillai">Devasahayam Pillai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Penitent_thief" title="Penitent thief">Dismas the Good Thief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forty_Martyrs_of_England_and_Wales" title="Forty Martyrs of England and Wales">Forty Martyrs of England and Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Crowned_Martyrs" title="Four Crowned Martyrs">Four Crowned Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_of_Csan%C3%A1d" title="Gerard of Csanád">Gerard of Csanád</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_martyr" title="Great martyr">Great Martyr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Massacre_of_the_Innocents" title="Massacre of the Innocents">The Holy Innocents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_Catholic_Martyrs" title="Irish Catholic Martyrs">Irish Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Fisher" title="John Fisher">John Fisher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Martyrs" title="Korean Martyrs">Korean Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_Ruiz" title="Lorenzo Ruiz">Lorenzo Ruiz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck_martyrs" title="Lübeck martyrs">Martyrs of Lübeck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luigi_Versiglia" title="Luigi Versiglia">Luigi Versiglia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrology" title="Martyrology">Martyrology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Albania" title="Martyrs of Albania">Martyrs of Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/19_martyrs_of_Algeria" title="19 martyrs of Algeria">Martyrs of Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Cajonos" title="Martyrs of Cajonos">Martyrs of Cajonos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blessed_Martyrs_of_Drina" title="Blessed Martyrs of Drina">Martyrs of Drina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_Saints_of_China" title="Martyr Saints of China">Martyrs of China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Gorkum" title="Martyrs of Gorkum">Martyrs of Gorkum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Japan" title="Martyrs of Japan">Martyrs of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_kidnapping_and_beheading_of_Copts_in_Libya" title="2015 kidnapping and beheading of Copts in Libya">21 Martyrs of Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_La_Rioja" title="Martyrs of La Rioja">Martyrs of La Rioja</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Damascus" title="Martyrs of Damascus">Martyrs of Damascus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Laos" title="Martyrs of Laos">Martyrs of Laos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Natal" title="Martyrs of Natal">Martyrs of Natal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Otranto" title="Martyrs of Otranto">Martyrs of Otranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Prague" title="Martyrs of Prague">Martyrs of Prague</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sadok_and_48_Dominican_martyrs_from_Sandomierz" title="Sadok and 48 Dominican martyrs from Sandomierz">Martyrs of Sandomierz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War" title="Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War">Martyrs of the Spanish Civil War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyrs_of_Zenta" title="Martyrs of Zenta">Martyrs of Zenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximilian_Kolbe" title="Maximilian Kolbe">Maximilian Kolbe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedro_Calungsod" title="Pedro Calungsod">Pedro Calungsod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perpetua_and_Felicity" title="Perpetua and Felicity">Perpetua and Felicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Chanel" title="Peter Chanel">Peter Chanel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pietro_Parenzo" title="Pietro Parenzo">Pietro Parenzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philomena" title="Philomena">Philomena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saints_of_the_Cristero_War" title="Saints of the Cristero War">Saints of the Cristero War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Stephen" title="Saint Stephen">Stephen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edith_Stein" title="Edith Stein">Teresa Benedicta of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus_Brandsma" title="Titus Brandsma">Titus Brandsma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomasian_Martyrs" title="Thomasian Martyrs">17 Thomasian Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Becket" title="Thomas Becket">Thomas Becket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Thomas More</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Martyrs_of_Chimbote" title="Three Martyrs of Chimbote">Three Martyrs of Chimbote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulma_family" title="Ulma family">Ulma Family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uganda_Martyrs" title="Uganda Martyrs">Uganda Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_Martyrs" title="Vietnamese Martyrs">Vietnamese Martyrs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Valentine" title="Saint Valentine">Valentine of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_and_Corona" title="Victor and Corona">Victor and Corona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zanitas_and_Lazarus_of_Persia" title="Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia">Zanitas and Lazarus of Persia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_missions" title="Catholic missions">Missionaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustine_of_Canterbury" title="Augustine of Canterbury">Augustine of Canterbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Boniface" title="Saint Boniface">Boniface</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Father_Damien" title="Father Damien">Damien of Molokai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evermode_of_Ratzeburg" title="Evermode of Ratzeburg">Evermode of Ratzeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_Xavier" title="Francis Xavier">Francis Xavier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_Laval" title="François de Laval">François de Laval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregory_the_Illuminator" title="Gregory the Illuminator">Gregory the Illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jun%C3%ADpero_Serra" title="Junípero Serra">Junípero Serra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Nino" title="Saint Nino">Nino of Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Patrick" title="Saint Patrick">Patrick of Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Remigius" title="Saint Remigius">Remigius</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Patriarch" title="Patriarch">Patriarchs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam" title="Adam">Adam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cain_and_Abel" title="Cain and Abel">Abel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaac" title="Isaac">Isaac</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob" title="Jacob">Jacob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joseph_(Genesis)" title="Joseph (Genesis)">Joseph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Joseph" title="Saint Joseph">Joseph (father of Jesus)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noah" title="Noah">Noah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matriarchs_(Bible)" class="mw-redirect" title="Matriarchs (Bible)">Matriarchs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pope" title="Pope">Popes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_I" title="Pope Adeodatus I">Adeodatus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adeodatus_II" title="Pope Adeodatus II">Adeodatus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Adrian_III" title="Pope Adrian III">Adrian III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agapetus_I" title="Pope Agapetus I">Agapetus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Agatho" title="Pope Agatho">Agatho</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Alexander_I" title="Pope Alexander I">Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anacletus" title="Pope Anacletus">Anacletus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anastasius_I" title="Pope Anastasius I">Anastasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anicetus" title="Pope Anicetus">Anicetus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Anterus" title="Pope Anterus">Anterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Benedict_II" title="Pope Benedict II">Benedict II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_I" title="Pope Boniface I">Boniface I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Boniface_IV" title="Pope Boniface IV">Boniface IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Caius" title="Pope Caius">Caius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Callixtus_I" title="Pope Callixtus I">Callixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_I" title="Pope Celestine I">Celestine I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Celestine_V" title="Pope Celestine V">Celestine V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clement_of_Rome" title="Clement of Rome">Clement I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Cornelius" title="Pope Cornelius">Cornelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Damasus_I" title="Pope Damasus I">Damasus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Dionysius" title="Pope Dionysius">Dionysius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eleutherius" title="Pope Eleutherius">Eleuterus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eugene_I" title="Pope Eugene I">Eugene I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eusebius" title="Pope Eusebius">Eusebius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Eutychian" title="Pope Eutychian">Eutychian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Evaristus" title="Pope Evaristus">Evaristus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Fabian" title="Pope Fabian">Fabian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_I" title="Pope Felix I">Felix I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_III" title="Pope Felix III">Felix III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Felix_IV" title="Pope Felix IV">Felix IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gelasius_I" title="Pope Gelasius I">Gelasius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Gregory I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_II" title="Pope Gregory II">Gregory II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_III" title="Pope Gregory III">Gregory III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_VII" title="Pope Gregory VII">Gregory VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hilarius" title="Pope Hilarius">Hilarius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hormisdas" title="Pope Hormisdas">Hormisdas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Hyginus" title="Pope Hyginus">Hyginus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Innocent_I" title="Pope Innocent I">Innocent I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_I" title="Pope John I">John I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_XXIII" title="Pope John XXIII">John XXIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_John_Paul_II" title="Pope John Paul II">John Paul II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Julius_I" title="Pope Julius I">Julius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_I" title="Pope Leo I">Leo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_II" title="Pope Leo II">Leo II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_III" title="Pope Leo III">Leo III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IV" title="Pope Leo IV">Leo IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_IX" title="Pope Leo IX">Leo IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Linus" title="Pope Linus">Linus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Lucius_I" title="Pope Lucius I">Lucius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellinus" title="Pope Marcellinus">Marcellinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Marcellus_I" title="Pope Marcellus I">Marcellus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Mark" title="Pope Mark">Mark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Martin_I" title="Pope Martin I">Martin I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Miltiades" title="Pope Miltiades">Miltiades</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Nicholas_I" title="Pope Nicholas I">Nicholas I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paschal_I" title="Pope Paschal I">Paschal I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_I" title="Pope Paul I">Paul I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Paul_VI" title="Pope Paul VI">Paul VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Peter" title="Saint Peter">Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_I" title="Pope Pius I">Pius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_V" title="Pope Pius V">Pius V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_X" title="Pope Pius X">Pius X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pontian" title="Pope Pontian">Pontian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sergius_I" title="Pope Sergius I">Sergius I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Silverius" title="Pope Silverius">Silverius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Simplicius" title="Pope Simplicius">Simplicius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Siricius" title="Pope Siricius">Siricius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_I" title="Pope Sixtus I">Sixtus I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_II" title="Pope Sixtus II">Sixtus II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sixtus_III" title="Pope Sixtus III">Sixtus III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Soter" title="Pope Soter">Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_I" title="Pope Stephen I">Stephen I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Stephen_IV" title="Pope Stephen IV">Stephen IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Sylvester_I" title="Pope Sylvester I">Sylvester I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Symmachus" title="Pope Symmachus">Symmachus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Telesphorus" title="Pope Telesphorus">Telesphorus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Urban_I" title="Pope Urban I">Urban I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Victor_I" title="Pope Victor I">Victor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Vitalian" title="Pope Vitalian">Vitalian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zachary" title="Pope Zachary">Zachary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zephyrinus" title="Pope Zephyrinus">Zephyrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Zosimus" title="Pope Zosimus">Zosimus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prophets_of_Christianity" title="Prophets of Christianity">Prophets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agabus" title="Agabus">Agabus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos_(prophet)" title="Amos (prophet)">Amos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anna_the_Prophetess" title="Anna the Prophetess">Anna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baruch_ben_Neriah" title="Baruch ben Neriah">Baruch ben Neriah</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elijah" title="Elijah">Elijah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ezekiel" title="Ezekiel">Ezekiel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Habakkuk" title="Habakkuk">Habakkuk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haggai" title="Haggai">Haggai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hosea" title="Hosea">Hosea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isaiah" title="Isaiah">Isaiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremiah" title="Jeremiah">Jeremiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Job_(biblical_figure)" title="Job (biblical figure)">Job</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joel_(prophet)" title="Joel (prophet)">Joel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_the_Baptist" title="John the Baptist">John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judas_Barsabbas" title="Judas Barsabbas">Judas Barsabbas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malachi" title="Malachi">Malachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melchizedek" title="Melchizedek">Melchizedek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micah_(prophet)" title="Micah (prophet)">Micah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses" title="Moses">Moses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nahum" title="Nahum">Nahum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obadiah" title="Obadiah">Obadiah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel" title="Samuel">Samuel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woman_with_seven_sons" title="Woman with seven sons">Seven Maccabees and their mother</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simeon_(Gospel_of_Luke)" title="Simeon (Gospel of Luke)">Simeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(Hebrew_prophet)" title="Zechariah (Hebrew prophet)">Zechariah (prophet)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zechariah_(New_Testament_figure)" title="Zechariah (New Testament figure)">Zechariah (NT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephaniah" title="Zephaniah">Zephaniah</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Virgin_(title)" title="Virgin (title)">Virgins</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agatha_of_Sicily" title="Agatha of Sicily">Agatha of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agnes_of_Rome" title="Agnes of Rome">Agnes of Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_of_the_Cross" title="Angela of the Cross">Angela of the Cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86thelthryth" title="Æthelthryth">Æthelthryth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernadette_Soubirous" title="Bernadette Soubirous">Bernadette Soubirous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Bologna" title="Catherine of Bologna">Catherine of Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brigid_of_Kildare" title="Brigid of Kildare">Brigid of Kildare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_Labour%C3%A9" title="Catherine Labouré">Catherine Labouré</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catherine_of_Siena" title="Catherine of Siena">Catherine of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Cecilia" title="Saint Cecilia">Cecilia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clare_of_Assisi" title="Clare of Assisi">Clare of Assisi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eulalia_of_M%C3%A9rida" title="Eulalia of Mérida">Eulalia of Mérida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphemia" title="Euphemia">Euphemia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_Kowalska" title="Faustina Kowalska">Faustina Kowalska</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faustina_and_Liberata_of_Como" title="Faustina and Liberata of Como">Faustina and Liberata of Como</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve" title="Genevieve">Genevieve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiltrude_of_Liessies" title="Hiltrude of Liessies">Hiltrude of Liessies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc" title="Joan of Arc">Joan of Arc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kateri_Tekakwitha" title="Kateri Tekakwitha">Kateri Tekakwitha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucy" title="Saint Lucy">Lucy of Syracuse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maria_Goretti" title="Maria Goretti">Maria Goretti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa_de_las_Maravillas_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="María de las Maravillas de Jesús">María de las Maravillas de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narcisa_de_Jes%C3%BAs" title="Narcisa de Jesús">Narcisa de Jesús</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patricia_of_Naples" title="Patricia of Naples">Patricia of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Rosalia" title="Saint Rosalia">Rosalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rose_of_Lima" title="Rose of Lima">Rose of Lima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teresa_of_the_Andes" title="Teresa of the Andes">Teresa of the Andes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mother_Teresa" title="Mother Teresa">Teresa of Calcutta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trasilla_and_Emiliana" title="Trasilla and Emiliana">Trasilla and Emiliana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ubaldesca_Taccini" title="Ubaldesca Taccini">Ubaldesca Taccini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Josephine_Bakhita" title="Josephine Bakhita">Josephine Bakhita</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color: gold;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Calendar_of_saints" title="Calendar of saints">Calendar of saints</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Holy_Marshals" title="Four Holy Marshals">Four Holy Marshals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Holy_Helpers" title="Fourteen Holy Helpers">Fourteen Holy Helpers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martyr_of_charity" title="Martyr of charity">Martyr of charity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_saint" title="Military saint">Military saints</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Athleta_Christi" title="Athleta Christi">Athleta Christi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_Christianus" title="Miles Christianus">Miles Christianus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Militant,_Penitent,_and_Triumphant" title="Churches Militant, Penitent, and Triumphant">Church Militant</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seven_Champions_of_Christendom" title="Seven Champions of Christendom">Seven Champions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">Virtuous pagan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color: gold"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholic_Church" title="Portal:Catholic Church">Catholic Church portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/16px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/24px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Gloriole_blur.svg/32px-Gloriole_blur.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="32" data-file-height="28" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Saints" title="Portal:Saints">Saints portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rulers_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" style="display:table;;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" title="Template:Rulers of the Ancient Near East"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rulers_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" title="Template talk:Rulers of the Ancient Near East"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rulers of the Ancient Near East"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rulers_of_the_Ancient_Near_East" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rulers of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;border-width:0;"><div style="padding:0"><div style="overflow:auto"> <table style="width:100%" class="wraplinks"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding:0; font-size:96.6%;"> <table class="wikitable" style="width:100%; margin:0; font-size:96.6%;"> <tbody><tr> <th>Territories/ dates <a href="#cite_note-190">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-192">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-193">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[5]</a></th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">Egypt</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaan</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Ebla</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Assur" title="Assur">Assur</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Akshak" title="Akshak">Akshak</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Akkad_(city)" title="Akkad (city)">Akkad</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Adab_(city)" title="Adab (city)">Adab</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma">Umma</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Lagash" title="Lagash">Lagash</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elam</a> </th></tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top;"> <td rowspan="2">4000–3200 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Naqada I">Naqada I</a> <a href="/wiki/Gerzeh_culture" title="Gerzeh culture">Naqada II</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Gebel_el-Arak_Knife_ivory_handle_(front_top_part_detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gebel el-Arak Knife"><img alt="Gebel el-Arak Knife" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gebel_el-Arak_Knife_ivory_handle_%28front_top_part_detail%29.jpg/50px-Gebel_el-Arak_Knife_ivory_handle_%28front_top_part_detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gebel_el-Arak_Knife_ivory_handle_%28front_top_part_detail%29.jpg/75px-Gebel_el-Arak_Knife_ivory_handle_%28front_top_part_detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Gebel_el-Arak_Knife_ivory_handle_%28front_top_part_detail%29.jpg/100px-Gebel_el-Arak_Knife_ivory_handle_%28front_top_part_detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1582" data-file-height="1100" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="1" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Egypt-Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt-Mesopotamia relations">Egypt-Mesopotamia relations</a> </td> <td colspan="9" style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Mesopotamia" title="History of Mesopotamia">Pre-Dynastic period</a> (4000–2900 BCE) </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"><a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="9" rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"> <a href="/wiki/Uruk_period" title="Uruk period">Uruk period</a> (4000–3100 BCE) <a href="/wiki/File:White_Temple_ziggurat_in_Uruk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/White_Temple_ziggurat_in_Uruk.jpg/100px-White_Temple_ziggurat_in_Uruk.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="59" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/White_Temple_ziggurat_in_Uruk.jpg/150px-White_Temple_ziggurat_in_Uruk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/White_Temple_ziggurat_in_Uruk.jpg/200px-White_Temple_ziggurat_in_Uruk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1952" data-file-height="1158" /></a> (<a href="/wiki/Ziggurat" title="Ziggurat">Anu Ziggurat</a>, 4000 BCE) <a href="/wiki/File:Rolzegel.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Rolzegel.JPG/100px-Rolzegel.JPG" decoding="async" width="100" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Rolzegel.JPG/150px-Rolzegel.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Rolzegel.JPG/200px-Rolzegel.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1726" data-file-height="714" /></a> (Anonymous "King-priests") </td> <td colspan="1" rowspan="3" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"><a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa II</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Susa II Priest-King with bow and arrows"><img alt="Susa II Priest-King with bow and arrows" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg/35px-Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg/53px-Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg/70px-Susa_II_King-Priest_with_bow_and_arrow.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1283" data-file-height="1663" /></a> (Uruk influence or control) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">3200–3100 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Proto-Dynastic period</a> (<a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Naqada III</a>) Early or legendary kings: </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a> <a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a> <a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Pen-Abu</a> Animal <a href="/wiki/Stork_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Stork (Pharaoh)">Stork</a> <a href="/wiki/Canide_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Canide (Pharaoh)">Canide</a> <a href="/wiki/Bull_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (Pharaoh)">Bull</a> <a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a> <a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Shendjw</a> <a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a> <a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a> <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a> <a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a> <a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a> <a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a> <a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nat-Hor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nat-Hor (page does not exist)">Nat-Hor</a> <a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a> <a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a> <a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1">3100–2900 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic Period</a> <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">First Dynasty of Egypt</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Narmer_Palette_verso.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Narmer Palette"><img alt="Narmer Palette" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Narmer_Palette_verso.jpg/40px-Narmer_Palette_verso.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Narmer_Palette_verso.jpg/60px-Narmer_Palette_verso.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Narmer_Palette_verso.jpg/80px-Narmer_Palette_verso.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1611" data-file-height="2404" /></a><figcaption>Narmer Palette</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a> <a href="/wiki/Neithhotep" title="Neithhotep">Neithhotep</a>♀ (regent) <a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a> <a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a> <a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a> <a href="/wiki/Merneith" title="Merneith">Merneith</a>♀ (regent) <a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a> <a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a> <a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a> <a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a> <a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a> <a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="1" rowspan="13"><a href="/wiki/Canaan" title="Canaan">Canaanites</a> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"><a href="/wiki/Jemdet_Nasr_period" title="Jemdet Nasr period">Jemdet Nasr period</a> (3100–2900 BCE) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Elamite">Proto-Elamite</a> <a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Elamite">period</a> (<a href="/wiki/Susa" title="Susa">Susa III</a>) (3100–2700 BCE) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2900 BCE </td> <td rowspan="8" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">Second Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra/Raneb</a> <a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a> <a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a> <a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a> <a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a> <a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a> <a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a> <a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a> <a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a> <a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a> <a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a> <a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Khasekhemwy_statue_Ashmolean.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Khasekhemwy"><img alt="Khasekhemwy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Khasekhemwy_statue_Ashmolean.JPG/30px-Khasekhemwy_statue_Ashmolean.JPG" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Khasekhemwy_statue_Ashmolean.JPG/45px-Khasekhemwy_statue_Ashmolean.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Khasekhemwy_statue_Ashmolean.JPG/60px-Khasekhemwy_statue_Ashmolean.JPG 2x" data-file-width="4103" data-file-height="5203" /></a> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic Period I</a> (2900–2700 BCE) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">First Eblaite</a> Kingdom </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">First kingdom of Mari</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a> I dynasty <a href="/wiki/Jushur" title="Jushur">Jushur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kullassina-bel" title="Kullassina-bel">Kullassina-bel</a> <a href="/wiki/Nangishlishma" title="Nangishlishma">Nangishlishma</a>, <a href="/wiki/En-tarah-ana" title="En-tarah-ana">En-tarah-ana</a> <a href="/wiki/Babum" title="Babum">Babum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Puannum" title="Puannum">Puannum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kalibum" title="Kalibum">Kalibum</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2800 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kalumum" title="Kalumum">Kalumum</a> <a href="/wiki/Zuqaqip" title="Zuqaqip">Zuqaqip</a> <a href="/wiki/Atab" title="Atab">Atab</a> <a href="/wiki/Mashda" title="Mashda">Mashda</a> <a href="/wiki/Arwium" title="Arwium">Arwium</a> <a href="/wiki/Etana" title="Etana">Etana</a> <a href="/wiki/Balih" title="Balih">Balih</a> <a href="/wiki/En-me-nuna" title="En-me-nuna">En-me-nuna</a> <a href="/wiki/Melem-Kish" title="Melem-Kish">Melem-Kish</a> <a href="/wiki/Barsal-nuna" title="Barsal-nuna">Barsal-nuna</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> I dynasty <a href="/wiki/Mesh-ki-ang-gasher" class="mw-redirect" title="Mesh-ki-ang-gasher">Mesh-ki-ang-gasher</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Enmerkar" title="Enmerkar">Enmerkar</a> ("conqueror of <a href="/wiki/Aratta" title="Aratta">Aratta</a>") </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2700 BCE </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic Period II</a> (2700–2600 BCE) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="3"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Zamug" title="Zamug">Zamug</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tizqar" title="Tizqar">Tizqar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilku" title="Ilku">Ilku</a> <a href="/wiki/Iltasadum" title="Iltasadum">Iltasadum</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Lugalbanda" title="Lugalbanda">Lugalbanda</a> <a href="/wiki/Dumuzid,_the_Fisherman" class="mw-redirect" title="Dumuzid, the Fisherman">Dumuzid, the Fisherman</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Enmebaragesi" title="Enmebaragesi">Enmebaragesi</a> ("made the land of Elam submit")<a href="#cite_note-SKL-195">[6]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Aga_of_Kish" title="Aga of Kish">Aga of Kish</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Blank_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/8px-Blank_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/10px-Blank_space.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ak_gal-ukkin_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Aga of Kish"><img alt="Aga of Kish" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ak_gal-ukkin_%28detail%29.jpg/22px-Ak_gal-ukkin_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="22" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ak_gal-ukkin_%28detail%29.jpg/33px-Ak_gal-ukkin_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Ak_gal-ukkin_%28detail%29.jpg/44px-Ak_gal-ukkin_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="559" data-file-height="826" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Gilgamesh" title="Gilgamesh">Gilgamesh</a><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/10px-Blank_space.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/15px-Blank_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/20px-Blank_space.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Gilgamesh_on_a_seal_of_Mesannapeda,_2600_BCE.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gilgamesh_on_a_seal_of_Mesannapeda%2C_2600_BCE.jpg/30px-Gilgamesh_on_a_seal_of_Mesannapeda%2C_2600_BCE.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gilgamesh_on_a_seal_of_Mesannapeda%2C_2600_BCE.jpg/45px-Gilgamesh_on_a_seal_of_Mesannapeda%2C_2600_BCE.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Gilgamesh_on_a_seal_of_Mesannapeda%2C_2600_BCE.jpg/60px-Gilgamesh_on_a_seal_of_Mesannapeda%2C_2600_BCE.jpg 2x" data-file-width="612" data-file-height="595" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Old Elamite period</a> (2700–1500 BCE) <a href="/wiki/Indus-Mesopotamia_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Indus-Mesopotamia relations">Indus-Mesopotamia relations</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2600 BCE </td> <td rowspan="3" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">Third Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Saqqara,_Pyramid_of_Djoser_2,_Ancient_Egypt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Saqqarah Djeser pyramid"><img alt="Saqqarah Djeser pyramid" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Saqqara%2C_Pyramid_of_Djoser_2%2C_Ancient_Egypt.jpg/50px-Saqqara%2C_Pyramid_of_Djoser_2%2C_Ancient_Egypt.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="33" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Saqqara%2C_Pyramid_of_Djoser_2%2C_Ancient_Egypt.jpg/75px-Saqqara%2C_Pyramid_of_Djoser_2%2C_Ancient_Egypt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Saqqara%2C_Pyramid_of_Djoser_2%2C_Ancient_Egypt.jpg/100px-Saqqara%2C_Pyramid_of_Djoser_2%2C_Ancient_Egypt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a> (First <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_pyramids" title="Egyptian pyramids">Egyptian pyramids</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a> <a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a> <a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a> <a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a> <a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a> </td> <td colspan="9" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Mesopotamia)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Mesopotamia)">Early Dynastic Period III</a> (2600–2340 BCE) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Sagisu" title="Sagisu">Sagisu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Abur-lim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Abur-lim (page does not exist)">Abur-lim</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Agur-lim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Agur-lim (page does not exist)">Agur-lim</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ibbi-Damu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ibbi-Damu (page does not exist)">Ibbi-Damu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Baba-Damu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baba-Damu (page does not exist)">Baba-Damu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a> II dynasty (5 kings) <a href="/wiki/Uhub" title="Uhub">Uhub</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesilim" title="Mesilim">Mesilim</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ur-Nungal" title="Ur-Nungal">Ur-Nungal</a> <a href="/wiki/Udul-kalama" title="Udul-kalama">Udulkalama</a> <a href="/wiki/La-ba%27shum" title="La-ba'shum">Labashum</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lagash" title="Lagash">Lagash</a> <a href="/wiki/En-hegal" title="En-hegal">En-hegal</a> <a href="/wiki/Lugalshaengur" title="Lugalshaengur">Lugal- shaengur</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ur_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Ur I">Ur</a> <a href="/wiki/A-Imdugud" title="A-Imdugud">A-Imdugud</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur-Pabilsag" title="Ur-Pabilsag">Ur-Pabilsag</a><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/8px-Blank_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/10px-Blank_space.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Ur-Palbisag.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ur-Palbisag.jpg/30px-Ur-Palbisag.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="48" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ur-Palbisag.jpg/45px-Ur-Palbisag.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Ur-Palbisag.jpg/60px-Ur-Palbisag.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1385" data-file-height="2201" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Meskalamdug" title="Meskalamdug">Meskalamdug</a> (Queen <a href="/wiki/Puabi" title="Puabi">Puabi</a>) <a href="/wiki/Akalamdug" title="Akalamdug">Akalamdug</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/En-nun-tarah-ana" title="En-nun-tarah-ana">Enun-dara-anna</a> <a href="/wiki/Mes-he" class="mw-redirect" title="Mes-he">Mes-he</a> <a href="/wiki/Melamanna" class="mw-redirect" title="Melamanna">Melamanna</a> <a href="/wiki/Lugal-kitun" title="Lugal-kitun">Lugal-kitun</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Adab_(city)" title="Adab (city)">Adab</a> <a href="/wiki/Nin-kisalsi" title="Nin-kisalsi">Nin-kisalsi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Me-durba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Me-durba (page does not exist)">Me-durba</a> <a href="/wiki/Lugal-dalu" title="Lugal-dalu">Lugal-dalu</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan="1"> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2575 BCE </td> <td rowspan="2" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a> <a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Kheops-Pyramid.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kheops-Pyramid.jpg/50px-Kheops-Pyramid.jpg" decoding="async" width="50" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kheops-Pyramid.jpg/75px-Kheops-Pyramid.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Kheops-Pyramid.jpg/100px-Kheops-Pyramid.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1581" data-file-height="971" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a> <a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a> <a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a> <a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a> <a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a> <a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="First Dynasty of Ur">Ur I dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Mesannepada" title="Mesannepada">Mesannepada</a> "King of Ur and Kish", victorious over Uruk </td></tr> <tr> <td>2500 BCE </td> <td rowspan="22" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a> (2500-539 BCE) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/The_second_kingdom_of_Mari" class="mw-redirect" title="The second kingdom of Mari">Second kingdom of Mari</a> <a href="/wiki/Ikun-Shamash" title="Ikun-Shamash">Ikun-Shamash</a> <a href="/wiki/Iku-Shamagan" title="Iku-Shamagan">Iku-Shamagan</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_(retouched).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Iku-Shamagan"><img alt="Iku-Shamagan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_%28retouched%29.jpg/30px-Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_%28retouched%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_%28retouched%29.jpg/45px-Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_%28retouched%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_%28retouched%29.jpg/60px-Iku-Shamagan_-_Mari_-_Temple_of_Ninni-Zaza_%28retouched%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1202" data-file-height="2102" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ansud" title="Ansud">Ansud</a> <a href="/wiki/Sa%27umu" class="mw-redirect" title="Sa'umu">Sa'umu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishtup-Ishar" title="Ishtup-Ishar">Ishtup-Ishar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ikun-Mari" title="Ikun-Mari">Ikun-Mari</a> <a href="/wiki/Iblul-Il" title="Iblul-Il">Iblul-Il</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nizi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nizi (page does not exist)">Nizi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" rowspan="3">Kish III dynasty <a href="/wiki/Ku-Baba" class="mw-redirect" title="Ku-Baba">Ku-Baba</a>♀ </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Akshak" title="Akshak">Akshak dynasty</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Unzi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unzi (page does not exist)">Unzi</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Undalulu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Undalulu (page does not exist)">Undalulu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> II dynasty <a href="/wiki/Enshakushanna" title="Enshakushanna">Ensha- kushanna</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Mug-si" title="Mug-si">Mug-si</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma">Umma</a> I dynasty <a href="/wiki/Pabilgagaltuku" title="Pabilgagaltuku">Pabilgagaltuku</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Lagash" title="Lagash">Lagash</a> I dynasty <a href="/wiki/Ur-Nanshe" title="Ur-Nanshe">Ur-Nanshe</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Ur-Nanshe.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ur-Nanshe.jpg/30px-Ur-Nanshe.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ur-Nanshe.jpg/45px-Ur-Nanshe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Ur-Nanshe.jpg/60px-Ur-Nanshe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="918" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Akurgal" title="Akurgal">Akurgal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/A%27annepada" title="A'annepada">A'annepada</a> <a href="/wiki/Meskiagnun" title="Meskiagnun">Meskiagnun</a> <a href="/wiki/Elulu" title="Elulu">Elulu</a> <a href="/wiki/Balulu" title="Balulu">Balulu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Awan_dynasty" title="Awan dynasty">Awan dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Peli_(king_of_Awan)" title="Peli (king of Awan)">Peli</a> <a href="/wiki/Tata_(king_of_Awan)" title="Tata (king of Awan)">Tata</a> <a href="/wiki/Ukku-Tanhish" title="Ukku-Tanhish">Ukkutahesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Hishutash" title="Hishutash">Hishur</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2450 BCE </td> <td rowspan="4" colspan="2" style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a> <a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a> <a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a> <a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a> <a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a> <a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enar-Damu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enar-Damu (page does not exist)">Enar-Damu</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishar-Malik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishar-Malik (page does not exist)">Ishar-Malik</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ush,_king_of_Umma" title="Ush, king of Umma">Ush</a> <a href="/wiki/Enakalle" title="Enakalle">Enakalle</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;"><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Elamite</a> invasions (3 kings)<a href="#cite_note-SKL-195">[6]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Shushun-Tarana" title="Shushun-Tarana">Shushun- tarana</a> <a href="/wiki/Napi-Ilhush" title="Napi-Ilhush">Napilhush</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2425 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;"><a href="/wiki/Kun-Damu" title="Kun-Damu">Kun-Damu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" colspan="8"><a href="/wiki/Eannatum" title="Eannatum">Eannatum</a><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/8px-Blank_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/10px-Blank_space.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG/30px-P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG/45px-P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG/60px-P1130735_Louvre_st%C3%A8le_des_Vautours_rwk.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="2595" /></a> (King of Lagash, Sumer, Akkad, conqueror of Elam) </td></tr> <tr> <td>2400 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Adub-Damu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Adub-Damu (page does not exist)">Adub-Damu</a> <a href="/wiki/Igrish-Halam" title="Igrish-Halam">Igrish-Halam</a> <a href="/wiki/Irkab-Damu" title="Irkab-Damu">Irkab-Damu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/Kish_(Sumer)" title="Kish (Sumer)">Kish</a> IV dynasty <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Suen" title="Puzur-Suen">Puzur-Suen</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur-Zababa" title="Ur-Zababa">Ur-Zababa</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urur&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Urur (page does not exist)">Urur</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"><a href="/wiki/Lugal-kinishe-dudu" title="Lugal-kinishe-dudu">Lugal-kinishe-dudu</a> <a href="/wiki/Lugal-kisalsi" title="Lugal-kisalsi">Lugal-kisalsi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;"><a href="/wiki/E-iginimpa%27e" title="E-iginimpa'e">E-iginimpa'e</a> <a href="/wiki/Meskigal" title="Meskigal">Meskigal</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"><a href="/wiki/Ur-Lumma" title="Ur-Lumma">Ur-Lumma</a> <a href="/wiki/Il,_king_of_Umma" title="Il, king of Umma">Il</a> <a href="/wiki/Gishakidu" title="Gishakidu">Gishakidu</a> (Queen <a href="/wiki/Bara-irnun" title="Bara-irnun">Bara-irnun</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;"><a href="/wiki/Enannatum_I" title="Enannatum I">Enannatum</a> <a href="/wiki/Entemena" title="Entemena">Entemena</a> <a href="/wiki/Enannatum_II" title="Enannatum II">Enannatum II</a> <a href="/wiki/Enentarzi" title="Enentarzi">Enentarzi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;"><a href="/wiki/Ur" title="Ur">Ur</a> II dynasty Nanni <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna_II&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II (page does not exist)">Mesh-ki-ang-Nanna II</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;"><a href="/wiki/Kikku-Siwe-Temti" title="Kikku-Siwe-Temti">Kiku-siwe-tempti</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2380 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a> <a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a> <a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a> <a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a> <a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a> <a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a> <a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Kneeling_Statuette_of_Pepy_I,_ca._2338-2298_B.C.E.,_39.121.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Kneeling statuette of Pepy I"><img alt="Kneeling statuette of Pepy I" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kneeling_Statuette_of_Pepy_I%2C_ca._2338-2298_B.C.E.%2C_39.121.jpg/30px-Kneeling_Statuette_of_Pepy_I%2C_ca._2338-2298_B.C.E.%2C_39.121.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kneeling_Statuette_of_Pepy_I%2C_ca._2338-2298_B.C.E.%2C_39.121.jpg/45px-Kneeling_Statuette_of_Pepy_I%2C_ca._2338-2298_B.C.E.%2C_39.121.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Kneeling_Statuette_of_Pepy_I%2C_ca._2338-2298_B.C.E.%2C_39.121.jpg/60px-Kneeling_Statuette_of_Pepy_I%2C_ca._2338-2298_B.C.E.%2C_39.121.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1148" data-file-height="1536" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DCDCDC;" colspan="10" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Adab_(city)" title="Adab (city)">Adab</a> dynasty <a href="/wiki/Lugalannemundu" class="mw-redirect" title="Lugalannemundu">Lugalannemundu</a> "King of the four quarters of the world" </td></tr> <tr> <td>2370 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Isar-Damu" title="Isar-Damu">Isar-Damu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Enna-Dagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Enna-Dagan (page does not exist)">Enna-Dagan</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ikun-Ishar&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ikun-Ishar (page does not exist)">Ikun-Ishar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishqi-Mari" title="Ishqi-Mari">Ishqi-Mari</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan="4" rowspan="1">Invasion by <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a> Anbu, Anba, Bazi, Zizi of Mari, Limer, Sharrum-iter<a href="#cite_note-SKL-195">[6]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ukush" title="Ukush">Ukush</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lugalanda" title="Lugalanda">Lugalanda</a> <a href="/wiki/Urukagina" title="Urukagina">Urukagina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Luh-ishan" title="Luh-ishan">Luh-ishan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2350 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Puzur-Nirah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puzur-Nirah (page does not exist)">Puzur-Nirah</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ishu-Il&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ishu-Il (page does not exist)">Ishu-Il</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu-Sin_(Akshak)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shu-Sin (Akshak) (page does not exist)">Shu-Sin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> III dynasty <a href="/wiki/Lugal-zage-si" title="Lugal-zage-si">Lugalzagesi</a> (Governor of Umma, King of all Sumer) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2340 BCE </td> <td> </td> <td colspan="10" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Period</a> (2340–2150 BCE) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkad" title="Sargon of Akkad">Sargon of Akkad</a> <a href="/wiki/Rimush" title="Rimush">Rimush</a> <a href="/wiki/Manishtushu" title="Manishtushu">Manishtushu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan="1" rowspan="3">Akkadian Governors: <a href="/wiki/Eshpum" title="Eshpum">Eshpum</a> <a href="/wiki/Ilshu-rabi" title="Ilshu-rabi">Ilshu-rabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Epirmupi" title="Epirmupi">Epirmupi</a> <a href="/wiki/Ili-ishmani" title="Ili-ishmani">Ili-ishmani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2250 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Akkad" title="Naram-Sin of Akkad">Naram-Sin</a><a href="/wiki/File:Blank_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/8px-Blank_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/10px-Blank_space.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_of_Naram-Sin_(portrait).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_of_Naram-Sin_%28portrait%29.jpg/25px-Relief_of_Naram-Sin_%28portrait%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_of_Naram-Sin_%28portrait%29.jpg/38px-Relief_of_Naram-Sin_%28portrait%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/59/Relief_of_Naram-Sin_%28portrait%29.jpg/50px-Relief_of_Naram-Sin_%28portrait%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1567" data-file-height="2300" /></a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lugal-ushumgal" title="Lugal-ushumgal">Lugal-ushumgal</a> (vassal of the Akkadians) </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">2200 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Seventh Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare Neby</a> <a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare Khendu</a> <a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a> <a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare Tereru</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare Pepiseneb</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a> <a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Ibi</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="6">Second <a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Eblaite</a> Kingdom </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Third kingdom of Mari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shakkanakku" title="Shakkanakku">Shakkanakku</a> dynasty) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ididish&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ididish (page does not exist)">Ididish</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Shu-Dagan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shu-Dagan (page does not exist)">Shu-Dagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishma-Dagan" title="Ishma-Dagan">Ishma-Dagan</a> (Vassals of the Akkadians) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan="5"> <a href="/wiki/Shar-Kali-Sharri" title="Shar-Kali-Sharri">Shar-Kali-Sharri</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Igigi_of_Akkad" title="Igigi of Akkad">Igigi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imi" title="Imi">Imi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nanum_of_Akkad" title="Nanum of Akkad">Nanum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ilulu" title="Ilulu">Ilulu</a> (3 years) <a href="/wiki/Dudu_of_Akkad" title="Dudu of Akkad">Dudu</a> <a href="/wiki/Shu-turul" title="Shu-turul">Shu-turul</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> IV dynasty <a href="/wiki/Ur-nigin" title="Ur-nigin">Ur-nigin</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur-gigir" title="Ur-gigir">Ur-gigir</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#C0C0C0;" colspan="2"> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" rowspan="1" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Lagash" title="Lagash">Lagash</a> II dynasty <a href="/wiki/Puzer-Mama" title="Puzer-Mama">Puzer-Mama</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur-Ningirsu_I" title="Ur-Ningirsu I">Ur-Ningirsu I</a> <a href="/wiki/Pirig-me" title="Pirig-me">Pirig-me</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu-Baba&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lu-Baba (page does not exist)">Lu-Baba</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lu-gula&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lu-gula (page does not exist)">Lu-gula</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kaku_of_Lagash&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kaku of Lagash (page does not exist)">Ka-ku</a> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Hishep-Ratep" class="mw-redirect" title="Hishep-Ratep">Hishep-Ratep</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Helu_(Awan)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Helu (Awan) (page does not exist)">Helu</a> <a href="/wiki/Khita" title="Khita">Khita</a> <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Inshushinak" title="Puzur-Inshushinak">Puzur-Inshushinak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">2150 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Ninth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a> <a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a> </td> <td colspan="8" rowspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#F5F5F5;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Ur" title="Third Dynasty of Ur">Ur III period</a> (2150–2000 BCE) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BBr-M%C3%AAr" title="Nûr-Mêr">Nûr-Mêr</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishtup-Ilum" title="Ishtup-Ilum">Ishtup-Ilum</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Ishtup-Ilum_statue_(head).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ishtup-Ilum_statue_%28head%29.jpg/25px-Ishtup-Ilum_statue_%28head%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="25" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ishtup-Ilum_statue_%28head%29.jpg/38px-Ishtup-Ilum_statue_%28head%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Ishtup-Ilum_statue_%28head%29.jpg/50px-Ishtup-Ilum_statue_%28head%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="568" data-file-height="810" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ishgum-Addu" title="Ishgum-Addu">Ishgum-Addu</a> <a href="/wiki/Apil-kin" title="Apil-kin">Apil-kin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#A9A9A9;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Gutian_dynasty_of_Sumer" class="mw-redirect" title="Gutian dynasty of Sumer">Gutian dynasty</a> (21 kings) <a href="/wiki/La-erabum" title="La-erabum">La-erabum</a> <a href="/wiki/Si%27um" title="Si'um">Si'um</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" rowspan="1"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kuda_(Uruk)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuda (Uruk) (page does not exist)">Kuda (Uruk)</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Puzur-ili&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Puzur-ili (page does not exist)">Puzur-ili</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ur-Utu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ur-Utu (page does not exist)">Ur-Utu</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#A9A9A9;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> </td> <td colspan="1" style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE; rowspan=2"><a href="/wiki/Umma" title="Umma">Umma</a> II dynasty <a href="/wiki/Lugalannatum" title="Lugalannatum">Lugalannatum</a> (vassal of the Gutians) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FAEBD7;" rowspan="2" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ur-Baba" title="Ur-Baba">Ur-Baba</a> <a href="/wiki/Gudea" title="Gudea">Gudea</a><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg/30px-Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg/45px-Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/23/Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg/60px-Gudea_of_Lagash_Girsu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2600" data-file-height="3900" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Ur-Ningirsu" title="Ur-Ningirsu">Ur-Ningirsu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur-gar" title="Ur-gar">Ur-gar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nam-mahani" title="Nam-mahani">Nam-mahani</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#A9A9A9;" colspan="5" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Tirigan" title="Tirigan">Tirigan</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2125 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">Tenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a> <a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a> <a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/Uruk" title="Uruk">Uruk</a> V dynasty <a href="/wiki/Utu-hengal" title="Utu-hengal">Utu-hengal</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2100 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="1">(Vassals of UR III) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Iddi-ilum" title="Iddi-ilum">Iddi-ilum</a> <a href="/wiki/Ili-Ishar" title="Ili-Ishar">Ili-Ishar</a> <a href="/wiki/Tura-Dagan" title="Tura-Dagan">Tura-Dagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ishtar" title="Puzur-Ishtar">Puzur-Ishtar</a> (Vassals of Ur III)<a href="#cite_note-196">[7]</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Third_dynasty_of_Ur" class="mw-redirect" title="Third dynasty of Ur">Ur III dynasty</a> "Kings of Ur, Sumer and Akkad"<a href="/wiki/File:Blank_space.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/5px-Blank_space.png" decoding="async" width="5" height="5" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/8px-Blank_space.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Blank_space.png/10px-Blank_space.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></a><a href="/wiki/File:King_Ur-Nammu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/King_Ur-Nammu.jpg/35px-King_Ur-Nammu.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/King_Ur-Nammu.jpg/53px-King_Ur-Nammu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/King_Ur-Nammu.jpg/70px-King_Ur-Nammu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="734" data-file-height="632" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Ur-Nammu" title="Ur-Nammu">Ur-Nammu</a> <a href="/wiki/Shulgi" title="Shulgi">Shulgi</a> <a href="/wiki/Amar-Sin" title="Amar-Sin">Amar-Sin</a> <a href="/wiki/Shu-Sin" title="Shu-Sin">Shu-Sin</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">2025-1763 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorite</a> invasions </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#ADD8E6;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Ibbi-Sin" title="Ibbi-Sin">Ibbi-Sin</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Proto-Elamite" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Elamite">Elamite</a> invasions <a href="/wiki/Kindattu" title="Kindattu">Kindattu</a> (<a href="/wiki/Shimashki_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Shimashki Dynasty">Shimashki Dynasty</a>) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a> <a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a> <a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a> <a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a> <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a> <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a> <a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ebla" title="Ebla">Third Eblaite</a> Kingdom (<a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a>) <a href="/wiki/Ibbit-Lim" title="Ibbit-Lim">Ibbit-Lim</a> <a href="/wiki/File:Ibbit-Lim.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ibbit-Lim.png/30px-Ibbit-Lim.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ibbit-Lim.png/45px-Ibbit-Lim.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Ibbit-Lim.png/60px-Ibbit-Lim.png 2x" data-file-width="343" data-file-height="345" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Immeya" title="Immeya">Immeya</a> <a href="/wiki/Indilimma" title="Indilimma">Indilimma</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" rowspan="2">(<a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorite</a> <a href="/wiki/Shakkanakku" title="Shakkanakku">Shakkanakkus</a>) <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hitial-Erra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hitial-Erra (page does not exist)">Hitial-Erra</a> <a href="/wiki/Hanun-Dagan" title="Hanun-Dagan">Hanun-Dagan</a> (...) Lim Dynasty of <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a>) <a href="/wiki/Yaggid-Lim" title="Yaggid-Lim">Yaggid-Lim</a> <a href="/wiki/Yahdun-Lim" title="Yahdun-Lim">Yahdun-Lim</a> <a href="/wiki/Yasmah-Adad" title="Yasmah-Adad">Yasmah-Adad</a> <a href="/wiki/Zimri-Lim" title="Zimri-Lim">Zimri-Lim</a> (Queen <a href="/wiki/Shibtu" title="Shibtu">Shibtu</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Old_Assyrian_period" title="Old Assyrian period">Old Assyria</a> <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_I" title="Puzur-Ashur I">Puzur-Ashur I</a> <a href="/wiki/Shalim-ahum" title="Shalim-ahum">Shalim-ahum</a> <a href="/wiki/Ilu-shuma" title="Ilu-shuma">Ilu-shuma</a> <a href="/wiki/Erishum_I" title="Erishum I">Erishum I</a> <a href="/wiki/Ikunum" title="Ikunum">Ikunum</a> <a href="/wiki/Sargon_I" title="Sargon I">Sargon I</a> <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_II" title="Puzur-Ashur II">Puzur-Ashur II</a> <a href="/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Assyria" title="Naram-Sin of Assyria">Naram-Sin</a> <a href="/wiki/Erishum_II" title="Erishum II">Erishum II</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" colspan="6" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Isin-Larsa_period" title="Isin-Larsa period">Isin-Larsa period</a> (<a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a>) <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_(1940).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/30px-Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/45px-Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg/60px-Image_from_page_25_of_%22Ancient_seals_of_the_Near_East%22_%281940%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1072" data-file-height="1558" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Dynasty_of_Isin" title="Dynasty of Isin">Dynasty of Isin</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ishbi-Erra" title="Ishbi-Erra">Ishbi-Erra</a> <a href="/wiki/Shu-Ilishu" title="Shu-Ilishu">Shu-Ilishu</a> <a href="/wiki/Iddin-Dagan" title="Iddin-Dagan">Iddin-Dagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan" title="Ishme-Dagan">Ishme-Dagan</a> <a href="/wiki/Lipit-Eshtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Lipit-Eshtar">Lipit-Eshtar</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur-Ninurta" title="Ur-Ninurta">Ur-Ninurta</a> <a href="/wiki/Bur-Suen" title="Bur-Suen">Bur-Suen</a> <a href="/wiki/Lipit-Enlil" title="Lipit-Enlil">Lipit-Enlil</a> <a href="/wiki/Erra-imitti" title="Erra-imitti">Erra-imitti</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlil-bani" title="Enlil-bani">Enlil-bani</a> <a href="/wiki/Zambiya" title="Zambiya">Zambiya</a> <a href="/wiki/Iter-pisha" title="Iter-pisha">Iter-pisha</a> <a href="/wiki/Ur-du-kuga" title="Ur-du-kuga">Ur-du-kuga</a> <a href="/wiki/Suen-magir" title="Suen-magir">Suen-magir</a> <a href="/wiki/Damiq-ilishu" title="Damiq-ilishu">Damiq-ilishu</a> Dynasty of Larsa: <a href="/wiki/Naplanum" title="Naplanum">Naplanum</a> <a href="/wiki/Emisum" title="Emisum">Emisum</a> <a href="/wiki/Samium" title="Samium">Samium</a> <a href="/wiki/Zabaia" title="Zabaia">Zabaia</a> <a href="/wiki/Gungunum" title="Gungunum">Gungunum</a> <a href="/wiki/Abisare" title="Abisare">Abisare</a> <a href="/wiki/Sumuel" title="Sumuel">Sumuel</a> <a href="/wiki/Nur-Adad" title="Nur-Adad">Nur-Adad</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin-Iddinam" title="Sin-Iddinam">Sin-Iddinam</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin-Eribam" title="Sin-Eribam">Sin-Eribam</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin-Iqisham" title="Sin-Iqisham">Sin-Iqisham</a> <a href="/wiki/Silli-Adad" title="Silli-Adad">Silli-Adad</a> <a href="/wiki/Warad-Sin" title="Warad-Sin">Warad-Sin</a> <a href="/wiki/Rim-Sin_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Rim-Sin I">Rim-Sin I</a> (...) <a href="/wiki/Rim-Sin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Rim-Sin II">Rim-Sin II</a> Uruk VI dynasty: Alila-hadum Sumu-binasa Naram-Sin of Uruk <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-k%C4%81%C5%A1id" title="Sîn-kāšid">Sîn-kāšid</a> Sîn-iribam <a href="/wiki/S%C3%AEn-g%C4%81mil" title="Sîn-gāmil">Sîn-gāmil</a> Ilum-gamil <a href="/wiki/An-am" title="An-am">An-am</a> <a href="/wiki/Irdanene" title="Irdanene">Irdanene</a> <a href="/wiki/R%C3%AEm-Anum" title="Rîm-Anum">Rîm-Anum</a> Nabi-ilišu </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Sukkalmah_dynasty" title="Sukkalmah dynasty">Sukkalmah dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Siwe-Palar-Khuppak" title="Siwe-Palar-Khuppak">Siwe-Palar-Khuppak</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a> <a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a> <a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a> <a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a>♀ </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1800–1595 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Abraham" title="Abraham">Abraham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Biblical" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblical">Biblical</a>) <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Byblos" title="Kings of Byblos">Kings of Byblos</a> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Tyre">Kings of Tyre</a> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Sidon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Sidon">Kings of Sidon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Yamhad" title="Yamhad">Yamhad</a> (<a href="/wiki/Yamhad_dynasty" title="Yamhad dynasty">Yamhad dynasty</a>) (Amorites) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="2" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Old_Assyrian_period" title="Old Assyrian period">Old Assyria</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings" title="List of Assyrian kings">Shamshi-Adad</a> dynasty 1808–1736 BCE) (Amorites) <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_I" title="Shamshi-Adad I">Shamshi-Adad I</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_I" title="Ishme-Dagan I">Ishme-Dagan I</a> <a href="/wiki/Mut-Ashkur" title="Mut-Ashkur">Mut-Ashkur</a> <a href="/wiki/Rimush_of_Assyria" title="Rimush of Assyria">Rimush</a> <a href="/wiki/Asinum" title="Asinum">Asinum</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-dugul" title="Ashur-dugul">Ashur-dugul</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-apla-idi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-apla-idi">Ashur-apla-idi</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasir-Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir-Sin">Nasir-Sin</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin-namir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-namir">Sin-namir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ipqi-Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipqi-Ishtar">Ipqi-Ishtar</a> <a href="/wiki/Adad-salulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Adad-salulu">Adad-salulu</a> <a href="/wiki/Adasi_(Assyria)" title="Adasi (Assyria)">Adasi</a> (Non-dynastic usurpers 1735–1701 BCE) <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Sin" title="Puzur-Sin">Puzur-Sin</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-dugul" title="Ashur-dugul">Ashur-dugul</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-apla-idi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-apla-idi">Ashur-apla-idi</a> <a href="/wiki/Nasir-Sin" class="mw-redirect" title="Nasir-Sin">Nasir-Sin</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin-namir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-namir">Sin-namir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ipqi-Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ipqi-Ishtar">Ipqi-Ishtar</a> <a href="/wiki/Adad-salulu" class="mw-redirect" title="Adad-salulu">Adad-salulu</a> <a href="/wiki/Adasi_(Assyria)" title="Adasi (Assyria)">Adasi</a> (<a href="/wiki/Adaside_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Adaside dynasty">Adaside dynasty</a> 1700–722 BCE) <a href="/wiki/Bel-bani" title="Bel-bani">Bel-bani</a> <a href="/wiki/Libaya" title="Libaya">Libaya</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharma-Adad_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharma-Adad I">Sharma-Adad I</a> <a href="/wiki/Iptar-Sin" title="Iptar-Sin">Iptar-Sin</a> <a href="/wiki/Bazaya" title="Bazaya">Bazaya</a> <a href="/wiki/Lullaya" title="Lullaya">Lullaya</a> <a href="/wiki/Shu-Ninua" title="Shu-Ninua">Shu-Ninua</a> <a href="/wiki/Sharma-Adad_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Sharma-Adad II">Sharma-Adad II</a> <a href="/wiki/Erishum_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Erishum III">Erishum III</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_II" title="Shamshi-Adad II">Shamshi-Adad II</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_II" title="Ishme-Dagan II">Ishme-Dagan II</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_III" title="Shamshi-Adad III">Shamshi-Adad III</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_I" title="Ashur-nirari I">Ashur-nirari I</a> <a href="/wiki/Puzur-Ashur_III" title="Puzur-Ashur III">Puzur-Ashur III</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlil-nasir_I" title="Enlil-nasir I">Enlil-nasir I</a> <a href="/wiki/Nur-ili" title="Nur-ili">Nur-ili</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-shaduni" title="Ashur-shaduni">Ashur-shaduni</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-rabi_I" title="Ashur-rabi I">Ashur-rabi I</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-ahhe_I" title="Ashur-nadin-ahhe I">Ashur-nadin-ahhe I</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlil-Nasir_II" title="Enlil-Nasir II">Enlil-Nasir II</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_II" title="Ashur-nirari II">Ashur-nirari II</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-bel-nisheshu" title="Ashur-bel-nisheshu">Ashur-bel-nisheshu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-rim-nisheshu" title="Ashur-rim-nisheshu">Ashur-rim-nisheshu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-ahhe_II" title="Ashur-nadin-ahhe II">Ashur-nadin-ahhe II</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#D2B48C;" colspan="4" rowspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg/40px-F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg/60px-F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg/80px-F0182_Louvre_Code_Hammourabi_Bas-relief_Sb8_rwk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3170" data-file-height="3500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/First_Babylonian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="First Babylonian dynasty">First Babylonian dynasty</a> ("Old Babylonian Period") (<a href="/wiki/Amorites" title="Amorites">Amorites</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sumu-abum" title="Sumu-abum">Sumu-abum</a> <a href="/wiki/Sumu-la-El" title="Sumu-la-El">Sumu-la-El</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin-muballit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-muballit">Sin-muballit</a><a href="/wiki/Sabium" title="Sabium">Sabium</a> <a href="/wiki/Apil-Sin" title="Apil-Sin">Apil-Sin</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin-muballit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-muballit">Sin-muballit</a> <a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a> <a href="/wiki/Samsu-iluna" title="Samsu-iluna">Samsu-iluna</a> <a href="/wiki/Abi-eshuh" class="mw-redirect" title="Abi-eshuh">Abi-eshuh</a> <a href="/wiki/Ammi-ditana" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammi-ditana">Ammi-ditana</a> <a href="/wiki/Ammi-saduqa" class="mw-redirect" title="Ammi-saduqa">Ammi-saduqa</a> <a href="/wiki/Samsu-Ditana" title="Samsu-Ditana">Samsu-Ditana</a> <a href="/wiki/Early_Kassite_rulers" title="Early Kassite rulers">Early Kassite rulers</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"> Second Babylonian dynasty ("<a href="/wiki/Sealand_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealand Dynasty">Sealand Dynasty</a>") <a href="/wiki/Ilum-ma-ili" class="mw-redirect" title="Ilum-ma-ili">Ilum-ma-ili</a> <a href="/wiki/Itti-ili-nibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Itti-ili-nibi">Itti-ili-nibi</a> <a href="/wiki/Damqi-ilishu" class="mw-redirect" title="Damqi-ilishu">Damqi-ilishu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ishkibal" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishkibal">Ishkibal</a> <a href="/wiki/Shushushi" class="mw-redirect" title="Shushushi">Shushushi</a> <a href="/wiki/Gulkishar" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulkishar">Gulkishar</a> <a href="/wiki/Sealand_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Sealand Dynasty">mDIŠ+U-EN</a> <a href="/wiki/Peshgaldaramesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Peshgaldaramesh">Peshgaldaramesh</a> <a href="/wiki/Ayadaragalama" class="mw-redirect" title="Ayadaragalama">Ayadaragalama</a> <a href="/wiki/Akurduana" class="mw-redirect" title="Akurduana">Akurduana</a> <a href="/wiki/Melamkurkurra" class="mw-redirect" title="Melamkurkurra">Melamkurkurra</a> <a href="/wiki/Ea-gamil" class="mw-redirect" title="Ea-gamil">Ea-gamil</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Intermediate Period">Second Intermediate Period</a> <a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Sixteenth</a> Dynasty <a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a> Dynasty <a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">Seventeenth</a> Dynasty </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Hyksos" title="Hyksos">Hyksos</a>") <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pharaoh_Ahmose_I_slaying_a_Hyksos_(axe_of_Ahmose_I,_from_the_Treasure_of_Queen_Aahhotep_II)_Colorized_per_source.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos"><img alt="Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pharaoh_Ahmose_I_slaying_a_Hyksos_%28axe_of_Ahmose_I%2C_from_the_Treasure_of_Queen_Aahhotep_II%29_Colorized_per_source.jpg/35px-Pharaoh_Ahmose_I_slaying_a_Hyksos_%28axe_of_Ahmose_I%2C_from_the_Treasure_of_Queen_Aahhotep_II%29_Colorized_per_source.jpg" decoding="async" width="35" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pharaoh_Ahmose_I_slaying_a_Hyksos_%28axe_of_Ahmose_I%2C_from_the_Treasure_of_Queen_Aahhotep_II%29_Colorized_per_source.jpg/53px-Pharaoh_Ahmose_I_slaying_a_Hyksos_%28axe_of_Ahmose_I%2C_from_the_Treasure_of_Queen_Aahhotep_II%29_Colorized_per_source.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Pharaoh_Ahmose_I_slaying_a_Hyksos_%28axe_of_Ahmose_I%2C_from_the_Treasure_of_Queen_Aahhotep_II%29_Colorized_per_source.jpg/70px-Pharaoh_Ahmose_I_slaying_a_Hyksos_%28axe_of_Ahmose_I%2C_from_the_Treasure_of_Queen_Aahhotep_II%29_Colorized_per_source.jpg 2x" data-file-width="614" data-file-height="690" /></a><figcaption>Pharaoh Ahmose I slaying a Hyksos</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a> <a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a> <a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a> <a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a> <a href="/wiki/Apepi_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Apepi (pharaoh)">Apepi</a> <a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a> (1600–1260 BCE) <a href="/wiki/Kirta" title="Kirta">Kirta</a> <a href="/wiki/Shuttarna_I" title="Shuttarna I">Shuttarna I</a> <a href="/wiki/Parshatatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Parshatatar">Parshatatar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4">1531–1155 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tutankhamun"><img alt="Tutankhamun" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg/30px-CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="38" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg/45px-CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg/60px-CairoEgMuseumTaaMaskMostlyPhotographed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Tutankhamun</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan="6" rowspan="3"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg/30px-Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg/45px-Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg/60px-Kudurru_Louvre_Sb31.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2639" data-file-height="3973" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Third Babylonian dynasty (<a href="/wiki/Kassites" title="Kassites">Kassites</a>) <a href="/wiki/Agum-Kakrime" class="mw-redirect" title="Agum-Kakrime">Agum-Kakrime</a> <a href="/wiki/Burnaburiash_I" title="Burnaburiash I">Burnaburiash I</a> <a href="/wiki/Kashtiliash_III" title="Kashtiliash III">Kashtiliash III</a> <a href="/wiki/Ulamburiash" title="Ulamburiash">Ulamburiash</a> <a href="/wiki/Agum_III" title="Agum III">Agum III</a> <a href="/wiki/Karaindash" title="Karaindash">Karaindash</a> <a href="/wiki/Kadashman-harbe_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Kadashman-harbe I">Kadashman-harbe I</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_I" title="Kurigalzu I">Kurigalzu I</a> <a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_I" title="Kadashman-Enlil I">Kadashman-Enlil I</a> <a href="/wiki/Burnaburiash_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Burnaburiash II">Burnaburiash II</a> <a href="/wiki/Kara-hardash" title="Kara-hardash">Kara-hardash</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Bugash" class="mw-redirect" title="Nazi-Bugash">Nazi-Bugash</a> <a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_II" title="Kurigalzu II">Kurigalzu II</a> <a href="/wiki/Nazi-Maruttash" title="Nazi-Maruttash">Nazi-Maruttash</a> <a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Turgu" title="Kadashman-Turgu">Kadashman-Turgu</a> <a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_II" title="Kadashman-Enlil II">Kadashman-Enlil II</a> <a href="/wiki/Kudur-Enlil" title="Kudur-Enlil">Kudur-Enlil</a> <a href="/wiki/Shagarakti-Shuriash" title="Shagarakti-Shuriash">Shagarakti-Shuriash</a> <a href="/wiki/Kashtiliashu_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashtiliashu IV">Kashtiliashu IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-shumi" title="Enlil-nadin-shumi">Enlil-nadin-shumi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Harbe_II" title="Kadashman-Harbe II">Kadashman-Harbe II</a> <a href="/wiki/Adad-shuma-iddina" title="Adad-shuma-iddina">Adad-shuma-iddina</a> <a href="/wiki/Adad-shuma-usur" title="Adad-shuma-usur">Adad-shuma-usur</a> <a href="/wiki/Meli-Shipak_II" title="Meli-Shipak II">Meli-Shipak II</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_I" title="Marduk-apla-iddina I">Marduk-apla-iddina I</a> <a href="/wiki/Zababa-shuma-iddin" title="Zababa-shuma-iddin">Zababa-shuma-iddin</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-ahi" title="Enlil-nadin-ahi">Enlil-nadin-ahi</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Middle Elamite period</a> (1500–1100 BCE) <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Elam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Elam">Kidinuid dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Elam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Elam">Igehalkid dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Untash-Napirisha" title="Untash-Napirisha">Untash-Napirisha</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="4" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a> <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a> <a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a> <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a> <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a> <a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a> <a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a> <a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a> <a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Hittite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hittite Empire">Hittite Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Ugarit" title="Ugarit">Ugarit</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a> <a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a> <a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a> <a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a> <a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a> <a href="/wiki/Twosret" class="mw-redirect" title="Twosret">Twosret</a>♀ </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="7" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Elamite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Elamite Empire">Elamite Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Shutrukid_Dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Shutrukid Dynasty">Shutrukid dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Shutruk-Nakhunte" title="Shutruk-Nakhunte">Shutruk-Nakhunte</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1155–1025 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a> <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Intermediate Period">Third Intermediate Period</a> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a> <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a> <a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a> <a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a> <a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a> <a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenicia</a> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Byblos" title="Kings of Byblos">Kings of Byblos</a> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Tyre">Kings of Tyre</a> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Sidon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Sidon">Kings of Sidon</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(united_monarchy)" title="Kingdom of Israel (united monarchy)">Kingdom of Israel</a> <a href="/wiki/Saul" title="Saul">Saul</a> <a href="/wiki/Ish-bosheth" title="Ish-bosheth">Ish-bosheth</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">David</a> <a href="/wiki/Solomon" title="Solomon">Solomon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="1" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Syro-Hittite_states" title="Syro-Hittite states">Syro-Hittite states</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Assyrian_Empire" title="Middle Assyrian Empire">Middle Assyria</a> <a href="/wiki/Eriba-Adad_I" title="Eriba-Adad I">Eriba-Adad I</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-uballit_I" title="Ashur-uballit I">Ashur-uballit I</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlil-nirari" title="Enlil-nirari">Enlil-nirari</a> <a href="/wiki/Arik-den-ili" title="Arik-den-ili">Arik-den-ili</a> <a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_I" title="Adad-nirari I">Adad-nirari I</a> <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_I" title="Shalmaneser I">Shalmaneser I</a> <a href="/wiki/Tukulti-Ninurta_I" title="Tukulti-Ninurta I">Tukulti-Ninurta I</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-apli" title="Ashur-nadin-apli">Ashur-nadin-apli</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_III" title="Ashur-nirari III">Ashur-nirari III</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlil-kudurri-usur" title="Enlil-kudurri-usur">Enlil-kudurri-usur</a> <a href="/wiki/Ninurta-apal-Ekur" title="Ninurta-apal-Ekur">Ninurta-apal-Ekur</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_I" title="Ashur-dan I">Ashur-dan I</a> <a href="/wiki/Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur" title="Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur">Ninurta-tukulti-Ashur</a> <a href="/wiki/Mutakkil-Nusku" title="Mutakkil-Nusku">Mutakkil-Nusku</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-resh-ishi_I" title="Ashur-resh-ishi I">Ashur-resh-ishi I</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_I" title="Tiglath-Pileser I">Tiglath-Pileser I</a> <a href="/wiki/Asharid-apal-Ekur" title="Asharid-apal-Ekur">Asharid-apal-Ekur</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-bel-kala" title="Ashur-bel-kala">Ashur-bel-kala</a> <a href="/wiki/Eriba-Adad_II" title="Eriba-Adad II">Eriba-Adad II</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_IV" title="Shamshi-Adad IV">Shamshi-Adad IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_I" title="Ashurnasirpal I">Ashurnasirpal I</a> <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_II" title="Shalmaneser II">Shalmaneser II</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_IV" title="Ashur-nirari IV">Ashur-nirari IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-rabi_II" title="Ashur-rabi II">Ashur-rabi II</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-resh-ishi_II" title="Ashur-resh-ishi II">Ashur-resh-ishi II</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_II" title="Tiglath-Pileser II">Tiglath-Pileser II</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_II" title="Ashur-dan II">Ashur-dan II</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan="6">Fourth Babylonian dynasty ("<a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Isin" class="mw-redirect" title="Second Dynasty of Isin">Second Dynasty of Isin</a>") <a href="/wiki/Marduk-kabit-ahheshu" title="Marduk-kabit-ahheshu">Marduk-kabit-ahheshu</a> <a href="/wiki/Itti-Marduk-balatu_(king)" title="Itti-Marduk-balatu (king)">Itti-Marduk-balatu</a> <a href="/wiki/Ninurta-nadin-shumi" title="Ninurta-nadin-shumi">Ninurta-nadin-shumi</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_I" title="Nebuchadnezzar I">Nebuchadnezzar I</a> <a href="/wiki/Enlil-nadin-apli" title="Enlil-nadin-apli">Enlil-nadin-apli</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-nadin-ahhe" title="Marduk-nadin-ahhe">Marduk-nadin-ahhe</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-shapik-zeri" title="Marduk-shapik-zeri">Marduk-shapik-zeri</a> <a href="/wiki/Adad-apla-iddina" title="Adad-apla-iddina">Adad-apla-iddina</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-ahhe-eriba" title="Marduk-ahhe-eriba">Marduk-ahhe-eriba</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-zer-X" title="Marduk-zer-X">Marduk-zer-X</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabu-shum-libur" title="Nabu-shum-libur">Nabu-shum-libur</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Elam" title="Elam">Neo-Elamite period</a> (1100–540 BCE) </td></tr> <tr> <td>1025–934 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan="6">Fifth, Sixth, Seventh, Babylonian dynasties ("Period of Chaos") <a href="/wiki/Simbar-shipak" title="Simbar-shipak">Simbar-shipak</a> <a href="/wiki/Ea-mukin-zeri" title="Ea-mukin-zeri">Ea-mukin-zeri</a> <a href="/wiki/Kashshu-nadin-ahi" title="Kashshu-nadin-ahi">Kashshu-nadin-ahi</a> <a href="/wiki/Eulmash-shakin-shumi" title="Eulmash-shakin-shumi">Eulmash-shakin-shumi</a> <a href="/wiki/Ninurta-kudurri-usur_I" title="Ninurta-kudurri-usur I">Ninurta-kudurri-usur I</a> <a href="/wiki/Shirikti-shuqamuna" title="Shirikti-shuqamuna">Shirikti-shuqamuna</a> <a href="/wiki/Mar-biti-apla-usur" title="Mar-biti-apla-usur">Mar-biti-apla-usur</a> <a href="/wiki/Nab%C3%BB-mukin-apli" title="Nabû-mukin-apli">Nabû-mukin-apli</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>911–745 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a> <a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a> <a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a> <a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a> <a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a> <a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a> <a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a> <a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a> <a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a> <a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a> <a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a> <a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a> <a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Samaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Samaria">Kingdom of Samaria</a> <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah">Kingdom of Judah</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_II" title="Adad-nirari II">Adad-nirari II</a> <a href="/wiki/Tukulti-Ninurta_II" title="Tukulti-Ninurta II">Tukulti-Ninurta II</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashurnasirpal_II" title="Ashurnasirpal II">Ashurnasirpal II</a> <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_III" title="Shalmaneser III">Shalmaneser III</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_V" title="Shamshi-Adad V">Shamshi-Adad V</a> <a href="/wiki/Shammuramat" title="Shammuramat">Shammuramat</a>♀ (regent) <a href="/wiki/Adad-nirari_III" title="Adad-nirari III">Adad-nirari III</a> <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_IV" title="Shalmaneser IV">Shalmaneser IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-dan_III" title="Ashur-dan III">Ashur-Dan III</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nirari_V" title="Ashur-nirari V">Ashur-nirari V</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan="6"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tablet_of_Shamash_relief.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tablet_of_Shamash_relief.jpg/45px-Tablet_of_Shamash_relief.jpg" decoding="async" width="45" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tablet_of_Shamash_relief.jpg/68px-Tablet_of_Shamash_relief.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Tablet_of_Shamash_relief.jpg/90px-Tablet_of_Shamash_relief.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1154" data-file-height="937" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Eight Babylonian Dynasty <a href="/wiki/Ninurta-kudurri-usur_II" title="Ninurta-kudurri-usur II">Ninurta-kudurri-usur II</a> <a href="/wiki/Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina" title="Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina">Mar-biti-ahhe-iddina</a> <a href="/wiki/Shamash-mudammiq" title="Shamash-mudammiq">Shamash-mudammiq</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabu-shuma-ukin_I" title="Nabu-shuma-ukin I">Nabu-shuma-ukin I</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabu-apla-iddina" title="Nabu-apla-iddina">Nabu-apla-iddina</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-zakir-shumi_I" title="Marduk-zakir-shumi I">Marduk-zakir-shumi I</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-balassu-iqbi" title="Marduk-balassu-iqbi">Marduk-balassu-iqbi</a> <a href="/wiki/Baba-aha-iddina" title="Baba-aha-iddina">Baba-aha-iddina</a> (five kings) <a href="/wiki/Ninurta-apla-X" title="Ninurta-apla-X">Ninurta-apla-X</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-bel-zeri" title="Marduk-bel-zeri">Marduk-bel-zeri</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-usur" title="Marduk-apla-usur">Marduk-apla-usur</a> <a href="/wiki/Eriba-Marduk" title="Eriba-Marduk">Eriba-Marduk</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabu-shuma-ishkun" title="Nabu-shuma-ishkun">Nabu-shuma-ishkun</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabonassar" title="Nabonassar">Nabonassar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabu-nadin-zeri" title="Nabu-nadin-zeri">Nabu-nadin-zeri</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabu-shuma-ukin_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Nabu-shuma-ukin II">Nabu-shuma-ukin II</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabu-mukin-zeri" title="Nabu-mukin-zeri">Nabu-mukin-zeri</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/List_of_rulers_of_Elam" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rulers of Elam">Humban-Tahrid dynasty</a> <a href="/wiki/Urtak_(king_of_Elam)" title="Urtak (king of Elam)">Urtak</a> <a href="/wiki/Teumman" title="Teumman">Teumman</a> <a href="/wiki/Ummanigash_(son_of_Urtak)" title="Ummanigash (son of Urtak)">Ummanigash</a> <a href="/wiki/Tammaritu_(son_of_Urtak)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tammaritu (son of Urtak)">Tammaritu I</a> <a href="/wiki/Indabibi" title="Indabibi">Indabibi</a> <a href="/wiki/Humban-haltash_III" title="Humban-haltash III">Humban-haltash III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">745–609 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Taharqa_reconstructed_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taharqa"><img alt="Taharqa" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Taharqa_reconstructed_2.jpg/30px-Taharqa_reconstructed_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Taharqa_reconstructed_2.jpg/45px-Taharqa_reconstructed_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Taharqa_reconstructed_2.jpg/60px-Taharqa_reconstructed_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2112" data-file-height="2816" /></a><figcaption>Taharqa</figcaption></figure>("<a href="/wiki/Black_Pharaohs" class="mw-redirect" title="Black Pharaohs">Black Pharaohs</a>") <a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a> <a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a> <a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a> <a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a> <a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="10" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Assyrian_Empire" title="Neo-Assyrian Empire">Neo-Assyrian Empire</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sargonid_dynasty" title="Sargonid dynasty">Sargonid dynasty</a>) <a href="/wiki/Tiglath-Pileser_III" title="Tiglath-Pileser III">Tiglath-Pileser</a>† <a href="/wiki/Shalmaneser_V" title="Shalmaneser V">Shalmaneser</a>† <a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Marduk-apla-iddina II</a> <a href="/wiki/Sargon_II" title="Sargon II">Sargon</a>† <a href="/wiki/Sennacherib" title="Sennacherib">Sennacherib</a>† <a href="/wiki/Marduk-zakir-shumi_II" title="Marduk-zakir-shumi II">Marduk-zakir-shumi II</a> <a href="/wiki/Marduk-apla-iddina_II" title="Marduk-apla-iddina II">Marduk-apla-iddina II</a> <a href="/wiki/Bel-ibni" title="Bel-ibni">Bel-ibni</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-nadin-shumi" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-nadin-shumi">Ashur-nadin-shumi</a>† <a href="/wiki/Nergal-ushezib" title="Nergal-ushezib">Nergal-ushezib</a> <a href="/wiki/Mushezib-Marduk" title="Mushezib-Marduk">Mushezib-Marduk</a> <a href="/wiki/Esarhaddon" title="Esarhaddon">Esarhaddon</a>† <a href="/wiki/Ashurbanipal" title="Ashurbanipal">Ashurbanipal</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-etil-ilani" class="mw-redirect" title="Ashur-etil-ilani">Ashur-etil-ilani</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinsharishkun" title="Sinsharishkun">Sinsharishkun</a> <a href="/wiki/Sin-shumu-lishir" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin-shumu-lishir">Sin-shumu-lishir</a> <a href="/wiki/Ashur-uballit_II" title="Ashur-uballit II">Ashur-uballit II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_conquest_of_Egypt" title="Assyrian conquest of Egypt">Assyrian conquest of Egypt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#AFEEEE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_conquest_of_Elam" title="Assyrian conquest of Elam">Assyrian conquest of Elam</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>626–539 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late Period</a> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a> <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a> <a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a> <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a> <a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a> <a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a> <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#F5DEB3;" colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Neo-Babylonian_Empire" title="Neo-Babylonian Empire">Neo-Babylonian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabopolassar" title="Nabopolassar">Nabopolassar</a> <a href="/wiki/Nebuchadnezzar_II" title="Nebuchadnezzar II">Nebuchadnezzar II</a> <a href="/wiki/Amel-Marduk" title="Amel-Marduk">Amel-Marduk</a> <a href="/wiki/Neriglissar" title="Neriglissar">Neriglissar</a> <a href="/wiki/Labashi-Marduk" title="Labashi-Marduk">Labashi-Marduk</a> <a href="/wiki/Nabonidus" title="Nabonidus">Nabonidus</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="10"><a href="/wiki/Median_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Median Empire">Median Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Deioces" title="Deioces">Deioces</a> <a href="/wiki/Phraortes" title="Phraortes">Phraortes</a> <a href="/wiki/Madyes" title="Madyes">Madyes</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyaxares" title="Cyaxares">Cyaxares</a> <a href="/wiki/Astyages" title="Astyages">Astyages</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">539–331 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt</a> (<a href="/wiki/First_Achaemenid_conquest_of_Egypt" title="First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt">First Achaemenid conquest of Egypt</a>) </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="1" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Byblos" title="Kings of Byblos">Kings of Byblos</a> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Tyre" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Tyre">Kings of Tyre</a> <a href="/wiki/Kings_of_Sidon" class="mw-redirect" title="Kings of Sidon">Kings of Sidon</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="10" rowspan="3"><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darius_In_Parse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Darius_In_Parse.JPG/30px-Darius_In_Parse.JPG" decoding="async" width="30" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Darius_In_Parse.JPG/45px-Darius_In_Parse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Darius_In_Parse.JPG/60px-Darius_In_Parse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1775" data-file-height="3130" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Cyrus_the_Great" title="Cyrus the Great">Cyrus</a> <a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses</a> <a href="/wiki/Darius_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Darius I">Darius I</a> <a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a> <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a> <a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a> <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_II" title="Artaxerxes II">Artaxerxes II</a> <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a> <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_IV" class="mw-redirect" title="Artaxerxes IV">Artaxerxes IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFF8DC;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>331–141 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFDAB9;" colspan="2" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead dynasty</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic Egypt">Ptolemaic Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_Keraunos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy Keraunos">Ptolemy Keraunos</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a> <a href="/wiki/Berenice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II">Berenice II Euergetis</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_Philopator" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe III Philopator">Arsinoe III Philopator</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra II of Egypt">Cleopatra II Philometor Soter</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Physcon</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra III of Egypt">Cleopatra III</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Lathyros</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra IV of Egypt">Cleopatra IV</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander</a> <a href="/wiki/Berenice_III_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice III of Egypt">Berenice III</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Auletes</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI of Egypt">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphanea</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII</a> <a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy XIV of Egypt">Ptolemy XIV</a> <a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a> <a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a>♀ </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFDAB9;" colspan="11">Hellenistic Period <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Seleukos_I_Nikator_Tetradrachm_from_Babylon.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon"><img alt="Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Seleukos_I_Nikator_Tetradrachm_from_Babylon.jpg/60px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_Tetradrachm_from_Babylon.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Seleukos_I_Nikator_Tetradrachm_from_Babylon.jpg/90px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_Tetradrachm_from_Babylon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Seleukos_I_Nikator_Tetradrachm_from_Babylon.jpg/120px-Seleukos_I_Nikator_Tetradrachm_from_Babylon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="395" /></a><figcaption>Seleukos I Nikator Tetradrachm from Babylon</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead dynasty</a>: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander III</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Antigonid_dynasty" title="Antigonid dynasty">Antigonid dynasty</a>: <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_I_Monophthalmus" title="Antigonus I Monophthalmus">Antigonus I</a> <a href="/wiki/Seleucid_Empire" title="Seleucid Empire">Seleucid Empire</a>: <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_I_Nicator" title="Seleucus I Nicator">Seleucus I</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_I_Soter" title="Antiochus I Soter">Antiochus I</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_II_Theos" title="Antiochus II Theos">Antiochus II</a> <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_II_Callinicus" title="Seleucus II Callinicus">Seleucus II</a> <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_III_Ceraunus" title="Seleucus III Ceraunus">Seleucus III</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_III_the_Great" title="Antiochus III the Great">Antiochus III</a> <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_IV_Philopator" title="Seleucus IV Philopator">Seleucus IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IV_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus IV Epiphanes">Antiochus IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_V_Eupator" title="Antiochus V Eupator">Antiochus V</a> <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_I_Soter" title="Demetrius I Soter">Demetrius I</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Balas" title="Alexander Balas">Alexander III</a> <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_II_Nicator" title="Demetrius II Nicator">Demetrius II</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VI_Dionysus" title="Antiochus VI Dionysus">Antiochus VI Dionysus</a> <a href="/wiki/Diodotus_Tryphon" title="Diodotus Tryphon">Diodotus Tryphon</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VII_Sidetes" title="Antiochus VII Sidetes">Antiochus VII Sidetes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>141–30 BCE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty">Kingdom of Judea</a> <a href="/wiki/Simon_Thassi" title="Simon Thassi">Simon Thassi</a> <a href="/wiki/John_Hyrcanus" title="John Hyrcanus">John Hyrcanus</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_I" title="Aristobulus I">Aristobulus I</a> <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Jannaeus" title="Alexander Jannaeus">Alexander Jannaeus</a> <a href="/wiki/Salome_Alexandra" title="Salome Alexandra">Salome Alexandra</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Hyrcanus_II" title="Hyrcanus II">Hyrcanus II</a> <a href="/wiki/Aristobulus_II" title="Aristobulus II">Aristobulus II</a> <a href="/wiki/Antigonus_II_Mattathias" title="Antigonus II Mattathias">Antigonus II Mattathias</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFDAB9;" colspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_II_Zabinas" title="Alexander II Zabinas">Alexander II Zabinas</a> <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_V_Philometor" title="Seleucus V Philometor">Seleucus V Philometor</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_VIII_Grypus" title="Antiochus VIII Grypus">Antiochus VIII Grypus</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_IX_Cyzicenus" title="Antiochus IX Cyzicenus">Antiochus IX Cyzicenus</a> <a href="/wiki/Seleucus_VI_Epiphanes" title="Seleucus VI Epiphanes">Seleucus VI Epiphanes</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_X_Eusebes" title="Antiochus X Eusebes">Antiochus X Eusebes</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XI_Epiphanes" title="Antiochus XI Epiphanes">Antiochus XI Epiphanes</a> <a href="/wiki/Demetrius_III_Eucaerus" title="Demetrius III Eucaerus">Demetrius III Eucaerus</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_I_Philadelphus" title="Philip I Philadelphus">Philip I Philadelphus</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XII_Dionysus" title="Antiochus XII Dionysus">Antiochus XII Dionysus</a> <a href="/wiki/Antiochus_XIII_Asiaticus" title="Antiochus XIII Asiaticus">Antiochus XIII Asiaticus</a> <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_Philoromaeus" title="Philip II Philoromaeus">Philip II Philoromaeus</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFDEAD;" colspan="9" rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Parthian_Empire" title="Parthian Empire">Parthian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_I_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates I of Parthia">Mithridates I</a> <a href="/wiki/Phraates_II" title="Phraates II">Phraates</a> <a href="/wiki/Hyspaosines" title="Hyspaosines">Hyspaosines</a> <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_I_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus I of Parthia">Artabanus</a> <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_II_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates II of Parthia">Mithridates II</a> <a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_I" title="Gotarzes I">Gotarzes</a> <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_III_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates III of Parthia">Mithridates III</a> <a href="/wiki/Orodes_I_of_Parthia" title="Orodes I of Parthia">Orodes I</a> <a href="/wiki/Sinatruces_of_Parthia" title="Sinatruces of Parthia">Sinatruces</a> <a href="/wiki/Phraates_III" title="Phraates III">Phraates III</a> <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_IV_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates IV of Parthia">Mithridates IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Orodes_II" title="Orodes II">Orodes II</a> <a href="/wiki/Phraates_IV" title="Phraates IV">Phraates IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiridates_II_of_Parthia" title="Tiridates II of Parthia">Tiridates II</a> <a href="/wiki/Musa_of_Parthia" title="Musa of Parthia">Musa</a> <a href="/wiki/Phraates_V" title="Phraates V">Phraates V</a> <a href="/wiki/Orodes_III_of_Parthia" title="Orodes III of Parthia">Orodes III</a> <a href="/wiki/Vonones_I" title="Vonones I">Vonones I</a> <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a> <a href="/wiki/Tiridates_III_of_Parthia" title="Tiridates III of Parthia">Tiridates III</a> <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_II_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus II of Parthia">Artabanus II</a> <a href="/wiki/Vardanes_I" title="Vardanes I">Vardanes I</a> <a href="/wiki/Gotarzes_II_of_Parthia" class="mw-redirect" title="Gotarzes II of Parthia">Gotarzes II</a> <a href="/wiki/Meherdates" title="Meherdates">Meherdates</a> <a href="/wiki/Vonones_II" title="Vonones II">Vonones II</a> <a href="/wiki/Vologases_I_of_Parthia" title="Vologases I of Parthia">Vologases I</a> <a href="/wiki/Vardanes_II" title="Vardanes II">Vardanes II</a> <a href="/wiki/Pacorus_II" title="Pacorus II">Pacorus II</a> <a href="/wiki/Vologases_II_of_Parthia" title="Vologases II of Parthia">Vologases II</a> <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_III_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus III of Parthia">Artabanus III</a> <a href="/wiki/Osroes_I" title="Osroes I">Osroes I</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">30 BCE–116 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="4" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="2" rowspan="4">(<a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman conquest of Egypt">Roman conquest of Egypt</a>) <a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Province of Egypt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Judea_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Judea (Roman province)">Judea</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Syria_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria (Roman province)">Syria</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="1">116–117 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="3" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Province of Mesopotamia</a> under <a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="6" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Parthamaspates_of_Parthia" title="Parthamaspates of Parthia">Parthamaspates of Parthia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>117–224 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Province of Mesopotamia</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#FFDEAD;" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Sinatruces_II_of_Parthia" title="Sinatruces II of Parthia">Sinatruces II</a> <a href="/wiki/Mithridates_V_of_Parthia" title="Mithridates V of Parthia">Mithridates V</a> <a href="/wiki/Vologases_IV" title="Vologases IV">Vologases IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Osroes_II" title="Osroes II">Osroes II</a> <a href="/wiki/Vologases_V" title="Vologases V">Vologases V</a> <a href="/wiki/Vologases_VI" title="Vologases VI">Vologases VI</a> <a href="/wiki/Artabanus_IV_of_Parthia" title="Artabanus IV of Parthia">Artabanus IV</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>224–270 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="8" rowspan="6"><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Asoristan" title="Asoristan">Province of Asoristan</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coin_of_Ardashir_I_(phase_3),_Hamadan_mint.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint."><img alt="Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coin_of_Ardashir_I_%28phase_3%29%2C_Hamadan_mint.jpg/40px-Coin_of_Ardashir_I_%28phase_3%29%2C_Hamadan_mint.jpg" decoding="async" width="40" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coin_of_Ardashir_I_%28phase_3%29%2C_Hamadan_mint.jpg/60px-Coin_of_Ardashir_I_%28phase_3%29%2C_Hamadan_mint.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Coin_of_Ardashir_I_%28phase_3%29%2C_Hamadan_mint.jpg/80px-Coin_of_Ardashir_I_%28phase_3%29%2C_Hamadan_mint.jpg 2x" data-file-width="397" data-file-height="388" /></a><figcaption>Coin of Ardashir I, Hamadan mint.</figcaption></figure><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_I" title="Ardashir I">Ardashir I</a> <a href="/wiki/Shapur_I" title="Shapur I">Shapur I</a> <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_I" title="Hormizd I">Hormizd I</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahram_I" title="Bahram I">Bahram I</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahram_II" title="Bahram II">Bahram II</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahram_III" title="Bahram III">Bahram III</a> <a href="/wiki/Narseh" title="Narseh">Narseh</a> <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_II" title="Hormizd II">Hormizd II</a> <a href="/wiki/Adur_Narseh" title="Adur Narseh">Adur Narseh</a> <a href="/wiki/Shapur_II" title="Shapur II">Shapur II</a> <a href="/wiki/Ardashir_II" title="Ardashir II">Ardashir II</a> <a href="/wiki/Shapur_III" title="Shapur III">Shapur III</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahram_IV" title="Bahram IV">Bahram IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_I" title="Yazdegerd I">Yazdegerd I</a> <a href="/wiki/Shapur_IV" title="Shapur IV">Shapur IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_(son_of_Bahram_IV)" title="Khosrow (son of Bahram IV)">Khosrow</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahram_V" title="Bahram V">Bahram V</a> <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_II" title="Yazdegerd II">Yazdegerd II</a> <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_III" title="Hormizd III">Hormizd III</a> <a href="/wiki/Peroz_I" title="Peroz I">Peroz I</a> <a href="/wiki/Balash" title="Balash">Balash</a> <a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <a href="/wiki/Jamasp" title="Jamasp">Jamasp</a> <a href="/wiki/Kavad_I" title="Kavad I">Kavad I</a> <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_I" title="Khosrow I">Khosrow I</a> <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_IV" title="Hormizd IV">Hormizd IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahram_Chobin" title="Bahram Chobin">Bahram VI Chobin</a> <a href="/wiki/Vistahm" title="Vistahm">Vistahm</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>270–273 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#48D1CC;" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Palmyrene_Empire" title="Palmyrene Empire">Palmyrene Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Vaballathus" title="Vaballathus">Vaballathus</a> <a href="/wiki/Zenobia" title="Zenobia">Zenobia</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Septimius_Antiochus" title="Septimius Antiochus">Antiochus</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">273–395 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Egypt_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Egypt (Roman province)">Province of Egypt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Syria_Palaestina" title="Syria Palaestina">Syria Palaestina</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Syria_(Roman_province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria (Roman province)">Syria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Mesopotamia_(Roman_province)" title="Mesopotamia (Roman province)">Province of Mesopotamia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">395–618 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="5" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="2" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Egypt">Byzantine Egypt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palaestina Prima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina Secunda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Syria">Byzantine Syria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Mesopotamia">Byzantine Mesopotamia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>618–628 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="2">(<a href="/wiki/Sasanian_conquest_of_Egypt" title="Sasanian conquest of Egypt">Sasanian conquest of Egypt</a>) <a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Egypt" title="Sasanian Egypt">Province of Egypt</a> <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a> <a href="/wiki/Sahralanyozan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sahralanyozan">Sahralanyozan</a> <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="11" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Sasanian_Empire" title="Sasanian Empire">Sasanian Empire</a> <a href="/wiki/Asoristan" title="Asoristan">Province of Asoristan</a> <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_II" title="Khosrow II">Khosrow II</a> <a href="/wiki/Kavad_II" title="Kavad II">Kavad II</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">628–641 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="5"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#DEB887;" colspan="8" rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Ardashir_III" title="Ardashir III">Ardashir III</a> <a href="/wiki/Shahrbaraz" title="Shahrbaraz">Shahrbaraz</a> <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_III" title="Khosrow III">Khosrow III</a> <a href="/wiki/Boran" title="Boran">Boran</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Shapur-i_Shahrvaraz" title="Shapur-i Shahrvaraz">Shapur-i Shahrvaraz</a> <a href="/wiki/Azarmidokht" title="Azarmidokht">Azarmidokht</a>♀ <a href="/wiki/Farrukh_Hormizd" title="Farrukh Hormizd">Farrukh Hormizd</a> <a href="/wiki/Hormizd_VI" title="Hormizd VI">Hormizd VI</a> <a href="/wiki/Khosrow_IV" title="Khosrow IV">Khosrow IV</a> <a href="/wiki/Boran" title="Boran">Boran</a> <a href="/wiki/Yazdegerd_III" title="Yazdegerd III">Yazdegerd III</a> <a href="/wiki/Peroz_III" title="Peroz III">Peroz III</a> <a href="/wiki/Narsieh" title="Narsieh">Narsieh</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Egypt">Byzantine Egypt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Prima" title="Palaestina Prima">Palaestina Prima</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palaestina_Secunda" title="Palaestina Secunda">Palaestina Secunda</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Syria">Byzantine Syria</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#B0C4DE;" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Mesopotamia">Byzantine Mesopotamia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>639–651 CE </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#8FBC8F;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Muslim conquest of Egypt">Muslim conquest of Egypt</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#8FBC8F;" colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_the_Levant" title="Muslim conquest of the Levant">Muslim conquest of the Levant</a> </td> <td style="text-align:center; background:#8FBC8F;" colspan="9"><a href="/wiki/Muslim_conquest_of_Persia" title="Muslim conquest of Persia">Muslim conquest of Mesopotamia and Persia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left; background:#F5F5F5; border:0px" rowspan="1" colspan="7"><a href="/wiki/File:Font_Awesome_5_solid_arrow-up.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Font_Awesome_5_solid_arrow-up.svg/10px-Font_Awesome_5_solid_arrow-up.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Font_Awesome_5_solid_arrow-up.svg/15px-Font_Awesome_5_solid_arrow-up.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Font_Awesome_5_solid_arrow-up.svg/20px-Font_Awesome_5_solid_arrow-up.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></a><a href="/wiki/Template:Neolithic_Chronology" title="Template:Neolithic Chronology"> Chronology of the Neolithic period</a> </td> <td style="text-align:right; background:#F5F5F5; border:0px" colspan="7" align="right"><a href="/wiki/File:Font_Awesome_5_solid_long-arrow-alt-right.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Font_Awesome_5_solid_long-arrow-alt-right.svg/12px-Font_Awesome_5_solid_long-arrow-alt-right.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Font_Awesome_5_solid_long-arrow-alt-right.svg/18px-Font_Awesome_5_solid_long-arrow-alt-right.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Font_Awesome_5_solid_long-arrow-alt-right.svg/24px-Font_Awesome_5_solid_long-arrow-alt-right.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="585" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Template:Rulers_of_the_Ancient_Central_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Rulers of the Ancient Central Asia">Rulers of Ancient Central Asia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> Rulers with names in italics are considered fictional. </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHalloSimpson1971" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_W._Hallo" title="William W. Hallo">Hallo, W.</a>; <a href="/wiki/William_Kelly_Simpson" title="William Kelly Simpson">Simpson, W.</a> (1971). The Ancient Near East. New York: Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich. pp. 48–49.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pages=48-49&rft.pub=New+York%3A+Harcourt%2C+Brace%2C+Jovanovich&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Hallo&rft.aufirst=W.&rft.au=Simpson%2C+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-192"><a href="#cite_ref-192">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdli.ox.ac.uk/wiki/rulers_of_mesopotamia">"Rulers of Mesopotamia"</a>. cdli.ox.ac.uk. University of Oxford, CNRS.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rulers+of+Mesopotamia&rft.pub=University+of+Oxford%2C+CNRS&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdli.ox.ac.uk%2Fwiki%2Frulers_of_mesopotamia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="#cite_ref-193">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThomasPotts2020" class="citation book cs1">Thomas, Ariane; <a href="/wiki/Timothy_Potts" title="Timothy Potts">Potts, Timothy</a> (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VsHEDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR14">Mesopotamia: Civilization Begins</a>. Getty Publications. p. 14. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-649-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60606-649-2"><bdi>978-1-60606-649-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mesopotamia%3A+Civilization+Begins&rft.pages=14&rft.pub=Getty+Publications&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-1-60606-649-2&rft.aulast=Thomas&rft.aufirst=Ariane&rft.au=Potts%2C+Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVsHEDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="#cite_ref-194">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoux1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Georges_Roux" title="Georges Roux">Roux, Georges</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=klZX8B_RzzYC&pg=PT534">Ancient Iraq</a>. Penguin Books Limited. pp. 532–534 (Chronological Tables). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-14-193825-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-14-193825-7"><bdi>978-0-14-193825-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Iraq&rft.pages=532-534+%28Chronological+Tables%29&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-14-193825-7&rft.aulast=Roux&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DklZX8B_RzzYC%26pg%3DPT534&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-SKL-195">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SKL_195-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SKL_195-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-SKL_195-2">c</a> Per <a href="/wiki/Sumerian_King_List" title="Sumerian King List">Sumerian King List</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="#cite_ref-196">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUnger2014" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Merrill_Unger" title="Merrill Unger">Unger, Merrill F.</a> (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qw6vCwAAQBAJ&pg=PA5">Israel and the Aramaeans of Damascus: A Study in Archaeological Illumination of Bible History</a>. Wipf and Stock Publishers. p. 5. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-62564-606-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-62564-606-4"><bdi>978-1-62564-606-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Israel+and+the+Aramaeans+of+Damascus%3A+A+Study+in+Archaeological+Illumination+of+Bible+History&rft.pages=5&rft.pub=Wipf+and+Stock+Publishers&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-62564-606-4&rft.aulast=Unger&rft.aufirst=Merrill+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dqw6vCwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ADavid" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41370#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41370#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41370#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000101373309">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/28348953">VIAF</a><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/68913347">2</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/365148996022659751625">3</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/813154381138530292802">4</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/293159474047527660770">5</a></li></ul></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/35586/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118523929">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79055293">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14569207z">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14569207z">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00918739">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36499986">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20010525328&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleph.rsl.ru/F?func=find-b&find_code=SYS&adjacent=Y&local_base=RSL11&request=000035683&CON_LNG=ENG">Russia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX901878">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aleweb.ncl.edu.tw/F/?func=accref&acc_sequence=003236106&CON_LNG=ENG">Taiwan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bncatalogo.cl/F?func=direct&local_base=red10&doc_number=000036774">Chile</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=45222">Greece</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogo.bn.gov.ar/F/?func=direct&local_base=BNA10&doc_number=000043453">Argentina</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201619609">Korea</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810603926305606">Poland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007312384905171">Israel</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981060556967806706">Catalonia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14726374">Belgium</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4248-6515">ORCID</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/07c88bd9-8023-47d0-a82c-3cd6c59e16d4">MusicBrainz</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1261233">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118523929.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118523929">DDB</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/028616669">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6ct251s">SNAC</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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