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meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Leuconostoc" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Leuconostoc" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Leuconostoc" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Manfaat" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Manfaat"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Manfaat</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Manfaat-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Leuconostoc</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 13 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82%D8%A9" title="نستقة – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نستقة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%82" title="نستق – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نستق" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoque" title="Leuconostoque – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Leuconostoque" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Leuconostoc – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Leuconostoc" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%98%8E%E4%B8%B2%E7%90%83%E8%8F%8C%E5%B1%9E" title="明串球菌属 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="明串球菌属" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q138793#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Leuconostoc" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Leuconostoc" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Leuconostoc"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Leuconostoc"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Leuconostoc" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Leuconostoc" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa" title="Daftar semua halaman istimewa [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&oldid=26149312" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Leuconostoc&id=26149312&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLeuconostoc"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLeuconostoc"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Leuconostoc"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Leuconostoc&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispesies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q138793" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><div> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: lightgrey"><i>Leuconostoc</i> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: lightgrey"><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Klasifikasi ilmiah</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kerajaan: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="kerajaan"><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Divisi: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="divisi"><a href="/wiki/Firmicutes" title="Firmicutes">Firmicutes</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kelas: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="kelas"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bacilli&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bacilli (halaman belum tersedia)">Bacilli</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Ordo: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="ordo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lactobacillales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lactobacillales (halaman belum tersedia)">Lactobacillales</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Famili: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="famili"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostocaceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostocaceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Leuconostocaceae</a></div> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><div style="display:inline" class="genus"><i><b>Leuconostoc</b></i></div><br /><div style="font-size: 85%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Phillippe_%C3%89douard_L%C3%A9on_van_Tieghem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Phillippe Édouard Léon van Tieghem (halaman belum tersedia)">van Tieghem</a> 1878</div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: lightgrey">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <p><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_carnosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc carnosum (halaman belum tersedia)">L. carnosum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_citreum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc citreum (halaman belum tersedia)">L. citreum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_durionis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc durionis (halaman belum tersedia)">L. durionis</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_fallax&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc fallax (halaman belum tersedia)">L. fallax</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_ficulneum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc ficulneum (halaman belum tersedia)">L. ficulneum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_fructosum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc fructosum (halaman belum tersedia)">L. fructosum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_garlicum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc garlicum (halaman belum tersedia)">L. garlicum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_gasicomitatum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc gasicomitatum (halaman belum tersedia)">L. gasicomitatum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_gelidum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc gelidum (halaman belum tersedia)">L. gelidum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_inhae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc inhae (halaman belum tersedia)">L. inhae</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_kimchii&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc kimchii (halaman belum tersedia)">L. kimchii</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_lactis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc lactis (halaman belum tersedia)">L. lactis</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_mesenteroides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc mesenteroides (halaman belum tersedia)">L. mesenteroides</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_pseudoficulneum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc pseudoficulneum (halaman belum tersedia)">L. pseudoficulneum</a></i><br /> <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc_pseudomesenteroides&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides (halaman belum tersedia)">L. pseudomesenteroides</a></i> </p> </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <p><i><b>Leuconostoc</b></i> adalah bakteri <a href="/wiki/Gram-positif" title="Gram-positif">gram-positif</a>, katalase negatif, dengan morfologi seperti kokus dan dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada manusia. Kasus infeksi <i>Leuconostoc</i> pertama pada manusia ditemukan tahun 1985 dan sejak saat itu, bakteri ini sering dikaitkan pada berbagai infeksi yang menyerang pasien rumah sakit dengan kekebalan tubuh yang rentan ataupun pasien yang menggunakan <a href="/wiki/Antibiotika" class="mw-redirect" title="Antibiotika">antibiotika</a> vankomisin. Salah satu spesies yang diketahui menyebabkan infeksi pada manusia adalah <i>Leuconostoc mesenteroides</i> subspesies <i>mesenteroides</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-satu_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-satu-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Leuconostoc umumnya berbentuk sferis, tersusun berpasangan atau berkelompok membentuk rantai, dan terkadang hanya berupa sel tunggal.<sup id="cite_ref-tiga_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiga-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beberapa spesies bakteri ini merupakan <a href="/wiki/Bakteri_asam_laktat" title="Bakteri asam laktat">bakteri asam laktat</a> yang baik untuk kesehatan dan sering digunakan dalam pengolahan pangan (fermentasi). Contoh produk pangan yang dibuat dengan bantuan Leuconostoc adalah <a href="/wiki/Krim_asam" title="Krim asam">krim asam</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cottage_cheese" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottage cheese">cottage cheese</a></i>, dan <i>buttermilk</i>. Bakteri ini dapat memfermentasi <a href="/wiki/Laktosa" title="Laktosa">laktosa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Glukosa" title="Glukosa">glukosa</a> melalui jalur heterofermentatif.<sup id="cite_ref-dua_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dua-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Manfaat">Manfaat</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Manfaat" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Manfaat"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Walaupun telah digunakan di berbagai industri pengolahan produk susu, <i>Leuconostoc</i> tidak dapat hidup dengan baik di susu. Hal ini dikarenakan bakteri tersebut tidak memiliki kemampuan untuk memecah <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> (proteolitik) dalam susu, namun bakteri tersebut tetap dapat menghasilkan asam yang bermanfaat dalam proses <a href="/wiki/Fermentasi" title="Fermentasi">fermentasi</a>. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan <i>Leuconostoc</i> umumnya dipadukan dengan bakteri lain yang memiliki kemampuan proteolitik yang baik, contohnya <i>Lactococcus</i>. Pemanfaatan <i>Leuconostoc</i> dalam fermentasi <a href="/wiki/Susu" title="Susu">susu</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Mentega" title="Mentega">mentega</a> telah dilakukan di beberapa negara, contohnya adalah <a href="/wiki/Maroko" title="Maroko">Maroko</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Polandia" title="Polandia">Polandia</a>. Beberapa galur <i>Leuconostoc</i> yang ditemukan pada susu fermentasi tradisional Maroko adalah <i>Leuconostoc lactis</i>, <i>Leu. mesenteroides</i> subsp. <i>cremoris</i>, dan subsp. <i>dextranicum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-dua_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dua-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Selain itu, <i>Leuconostoc</i> juga dimanfaatkan dalam pembentukan <a href="/wiki/Anggur_(minuman)" class="mw-redirect" title="Anggur (minuman)">anggur</a> (wine), terutama spesies <i>Leu. oenos</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-tiga_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tiga-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Contoh makanan lain yang dibuat dengan fermentasi <i>Leuconostoc</i>, terutama <i>Leu. mesenteroides</i> adalah <a href="/wiki/Sauerkraut" title="Sauerkraut">sauerkraut</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sosis" title="Sosis">sosis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yogurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Yogurt">yogurt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kecap" title="Kecap">kecap</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Acar" title="Acar">acar</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-empat_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-empat-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-satu-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-satu_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation journal">Germán Bou, Jesús Luis Saleta, Juan Antonio Sáez Nieto, Mar Tomás,Silvia Valdezate, Dolores Sousa, Francisco Lueiro, Rosa Villanueva, Maria Jose Pereira, Pedro Llinares (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2600284/pdf/07-0581_finalD.pdf">"Nosocomial Outbreaks Caused by Leuconostoc mesenteroides subsp. mesenteroides"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Emerging Infectious Diseases</i>. <b>14</b> (6): 968–971.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Emerging+Infectious+Diseases&rft.atitle=Nosocomial+Outbreaks+Caused+by+Leuconostoc+mesenteroides+subsp.+mesenteroides&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=6&rft.pages=968-971&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Germ%C3%A1n+Bou%2C+Jes%C3%BAs+Luis+Saleta%2C+Juan+Antonio+S%C3%A1ez+Nieto%2C+Mar+Tom%C3%A1s%2CSilvia+Valdezate%2C+Dolores+Sousa%2C+Francisco+Lueiro%2C+Rosa+Villanueva%2C+Maria+Jose+Pereira%2C+Pedro+Llinares&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2600284%2Fpdf%2F07-0581_finalD.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALeuconostoc" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> <span style="display:none;font-size:100%" class="error citation-comment">Parameter <code style="color:inherit; border:inherit; padding:inherit;">|month=</code> yang tidak diketahui akan diabaikan (<a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Galat_CS1#parameter_ignored" title="Bantuan:Galat CS1">bantuan</a>)</span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-tiga-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tiga_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-tiga_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Ron S. Jackson (2000). <i>Wine science: principles, practice, perception</i>. Academic Press. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780123790620" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-12-379062-0</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Wine+science%3A+principles%2C+practice%2C+perception&rft.pub=Academic+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.au=Ron+S.+Jackson&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALeuconostoc" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>Page 352.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-dua-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dua_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-dua_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Inggris" lang="Inggris">(Inggris)</span> <cite class="citation book">Barry A. Law (1997). <i>Microbiology and Biochemistry of Cheese and Fermented Milk</i>. Springer. <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/9780751403466" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 978-0-7514-0346-6</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Microbiology+and+Biochemistry+of+Cheese+and+Fermented+Milk&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=1997&rft.au=Barry+A.+Law&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ALeuconostoc" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-empat-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-empat_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://samabelle.pbworks.com/Nutrition-and-Benefits">Leuconostoc mesenteroides: Nutrition and Benefits</a></span> </li> </ol> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138793" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q138793">Q138793</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Leuconostoc" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Leuconostoc">Leuconostoc</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/83611">83611</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1LEUNG">1LEUNG</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/3227448">3227448</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/356847">356847</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Interim_Register_of_Marine_and_Nonmarine_Genera" title="Interim Register of Marine and Nonmarine Genera">IRMNG</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.irmng.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=1098607">1098607</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=957477">957477</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_Prokaryotic_names_with_Standing_in_Nomenclature&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="List of Prokaryotic names with Standing in Nomenclature (halaman belum tersedia)">LPSN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bacterio.net/leuconostoc.html">leuconostoc.html</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/National_Center_for_Biotechnology_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="National Center for Biotechnology Information">NCBI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Taxonomy/Browser/wwwtax.cgi?mode=Info&id=1243">1243</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/6a6e935e-413a-40cc-a76d-a5dc6d15a8d1">6a6e935e-413a-40cc-a76d-a5dc6d15a8d1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=571340">571340</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&oldid=26149312">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Leuconostoc&oldid=26149312</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_regnum" title="Kategori:Semua regnum">Semua regnum</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_divisi" title="Kategori:Semua divisi">Semua divisi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Semua_kelas" title="Kategori:Semua kelas">Semua kelas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bakteri" title="Kategori:Bakteri">Bakteri</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Bakteri_Gram-positif" title="Kategori:Bakteri Gram-positif">Bakteri Gram-positif</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_rujukan_yang_menggunakan_parameter_yang_tidak_didukung" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung">Halaman dengan rujukan yang menggunakan parameter yang tidak didukung</a></li><li><a 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