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class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Algerian music genre</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Moroccan_Chaabi" class="mw-redirect" title="Moroccan Chaabi">Moroccan Chaabi</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Chaabi</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Orchester_El_Gusto_23.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Orchester_El_Gusto_23.jpg/220px-Orchester_El_Gusto_23.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Orchester_El_Gusto_23.jpg/330px-Orchester_El_Gusto_23.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Orchester_El_Gusto_23.jpg/440px-Orchester_El_Gusto_23.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The chaabi orchestra <a href="/wiki/El_Gusto" title="El Gusto">El Gusto</a> in 2018</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Native name</th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="nickname">الشعبي <i>əš-šaʿabī</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Sanaa_(music)" title="Sanaa (music)">Arab-Andalusian music</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers (Algeria)</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_mandole" title="Algerian mandole">Algerian mandole</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Banjo" title="Banjo">Banjo</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Ney" title="Ney">f'hal</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Viola" title="Viola">kemandja</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Piano" title="Piano">piano</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Qanun_(instrument)" title="Qanun (instrument)">qanun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Mandoline" title="Mandoline">snîtra</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Tambourine" title="Tambourine">târ</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1246091330">.mw-parser-output .sidebar{width:22em;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);border:1px solid 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Category:Algeria" title="Category:Algeria">a series</a> on the</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="border-bottom: 1px solid #aaa"><span class="wraplinks"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Algeria" title="Culture of Algeria">Culture of Algeria</a></span></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image photo"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Algeria.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/150px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/225px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Flag_of_Algeria.svg/300px-Flag_of_Algeria.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Algeria" title="History of Algeria">History</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Maritime_history_of_Algeria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Maritime history of Algeria (page does not exist)">Maritime history</a> • <a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Algeria" title="Military history of Algeria">Military history</a> • <a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Economic history of Algeria">Economic history</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Ethnic_groups_in_Algeria" title="Ethnic groups in Algeria">People</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Algeria" title="Languages of Algeria">Languages</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_arabic" class="mw-redirect" title="Algerian arabic">Arabic</a> • <a href="/wiki/Berber_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber language">Berber</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Traditions</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Algeria" title="Women in Algeria">Gender roles</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Berber_mythology" class="mw-redirect" title="Berber mythology">Mythology</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Algerian_cuisine" title="Algerian cuisine">Cuisine</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Couscous" title="Couscous">Couscous</a> • <a href="/wiki/Farinata" title="Farinata">Karantita</a> • <a href="/wiki/Makroudh" title="Makroudh">Makroudh</a> • <a href="/wiki/Merguez" title="Merguez">Merguez</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pastilla" title="Pastilla">Pastilla</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algerian_wine" title="Algerian wine">Wine</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Algerian_cuisine" title="Category:Algerian cuisine"><i>more</i></a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Festivals</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_Algeria" title="Public holidays in Algeria">Public holidays</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sahara_International_Film_Festival" title="Sahara International Film Festival">Sahara International Film Festival</a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Algeria" title="Religion in Algeria">Religion</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Algeria" title="Christianity in Algeria">Christianity</a> (<a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_Algeria" title="Catholic Church in Algeria">Catholic Church</a>) • <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Algeria" title="Islam in Algeria">Islam</a> • <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria" title="History of the Jews in Algeria">Judaism</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Religion_in_Algeria" title="Category:Religion in Algeria"><i>more</i></a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="font-size:105%;line-height:1.6;"> <a href="/wiki/Art_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Art of Algeria">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Literature_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Literature of Algeria">Literature</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Algerian_writers" title="List of Algerian writers">Writers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Algerian_literature" title="Category:Algerian literature"><i>more</i></a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Algeria" title="Music of Algeria">Music</a> and performing arts</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Andalusi_nubah" title="Andalusi nubah">Andalusi nubah</a> • <a href="/wiki/Berber_music" title="Berber music">Berber music</a> • <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chaabi</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algerian_hip_hop" title="Algerian hip hop">Hip hop</a> • <a href="/wiki/Hofii" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofii">Hofii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nuubaat" title="Nuubaat">Nuubaat</a> • <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a> • <a href="/wiki/Zindalii" title="Zindalii">Zindalii</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Music_of_Algeria" title="Category:Music of Algeria"><i>more</i></a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Media_in_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Media in Algeria">Media</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Algeria" title="Television in Algeria">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Algeria" title="Cinema of Algeria">Cinema</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Algerian_films" title="List of Algerian films">Films</a> • <a href="/wiki/List_of_newspapers_in_Algeria" title="List of newspapers in Algeria">Newspapers</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Mass_media_in_Algeria" title="Category:Mass media in Algeria"><i>more</i></a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c"><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Algeria" title="Sport in Algeria">Sport</a></div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><a href="/wiki/Algeria_national_basketball_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeria national basketball team">Basketball (national team)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Football_in_Algeria" title="Football in Algeria">Football</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algeria_at_the_Olympics" title="Algeria at the Olympics">Olympics</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algeria_national_rugby_union_team" title="Algeria national rugby union team">Rugby union (national team)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algeria_Davis_Cup_team" title="Algeria Davis Cup team">Tennis (Davis Cup team)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Algeria_Fed_Cup_team" class="mw-redirect" title="Algeria Fed Cup team">Tennis (Fed Cup team)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Sport_in_Algeria" title="Category:Sport in Algeria"><i>more</i></a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Monuments</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Algeria" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Algeria">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Madghacen" title="Madghacen">Madghacen</a> • <a href="/wiki/Category:Buildings_and_structures_in_Algeria" title="Category:Buildings and structures in Algeria"><i>more</i></a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><div class="sidebar-list-title-c">Symbols</div></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Algeria" title="Flag of Algeria">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="Coat of arms of Algeria">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_anthem_of_Algeria" class="mw-redirect" title="National anthem of Algeria">National anthem</a></li></ul> <a href="/wiki/Category:National_symbols_of_Algeria" title="Category:National symbols of Algeria"><i>more</i></a></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Culture_of_Algeria" title="Template:Culture of Algeria"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Culture_of_Algeria" title="Template talk:Culture of Algeria"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Culture_of_Algeria" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Culture of Algeria"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Chaabi</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Traditional_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Traditional music">traditional music</a> of <a href="/wiki/Algiers" title="Algiers">Algiers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>), formalized by <a href="/wiki/El_Hadj_M%27Hamed_El_Anka" title="El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka">El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka</a>. </p><p>Originally from the <a href="/wiki/Casbah_of_Algiers" title="Casbah of Algiers">Casbah</a>, the music known as chaabi belongs to a recent tradition. It emerged during the 1930s, and has remained popular to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-Congress1993_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Congress1993-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Inspired by vocal traditions of <a href="/wiki/Andalusi_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Andalusi music">Andalusi music</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Muwashshah" title="Muwashshah">muwashshah</a>, using its modes and rhythm. <i>Chaabi</i> means 'of the people', and it is very definitely the people's music, even in a country where <a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">raï</a> rules.<sup id="cite_ref-BroughtonEllingham2006_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BroughtonEllingham2006-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A typical song features mournful, Arabic/<a href="/wiki/Berbers" title="Berbers">Berber</a> vocals, set against an orchestral backdrop of a dozen musicians, with violins and mandolins swelling and falling to a piano melody and the clap of percussion beats. Chaabi is part of a deeply conservative tradition and its lyrics often carrying a strong moral message.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>At first Chaabi remained a scandalous genre, thriving behind closed doors or in specific locations called "Mahchachat" (cannabis dens),<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where the admirer of this music would go to drink coffee, tea or smoke. By the late 1950s, however, it had become the people's music, played at weddings and religious festivals. Its main exponents included <a href="/wiki/Oran" title="Oran">Oran</a>-based singer <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lili_Labassi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lili Labassi (page does not exist)">Lili Labassi</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lili_Labassi" class="extiw" title="fr:Lili Labassi">fr</a>]</span>, <a href="/wiki/El_Hadj_M%27Hamed_El_Anka" title="El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka">El Hadj M'Hamed El Anka</a>, the father of Chaabi, and <a href="/wiki/Dahmane_El_Harrachi" title="Dahmane El Harrachi">Dahmane El Harrachi</a>, composer of the classic tale of emigration "<a href="/wiki/Ya_Rayah" title="Ya Rayah">Ya Rayah</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-HornLaing2005_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HornLaing2005-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, Safinez Bousbia directed a documentary on chaabi music. It took over seven years to make, facilitate and track the reunion of the Jewish and Muslim members of a chaabi group from colonial Algiers known as <a href="/wiki/El_Gusto" title="El Gusto">El Gusto</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Crowley2017_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Crowley2017-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_best_known_chaabi_singers">The best known chaabi singers</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaabi_(Algeria)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: The best known chaabi singers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The best known chaabi singers are as follows: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hadj_M%27rizek" title="Hadj M'rizek">Hadj Mrizek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amar_Ezzahi" title="Amar Ezzahi">Amer Ezzahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Hachemi_Guerouabi" title="El Hachemi Guerouabi">El Hachemi Guerouabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudjema%C3%A2_El_Ankis" title="Boudjemaâ El Ankis">Boudjemaa el Ankis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamel_Messaoudi" title="Kamel Messaoudi">Kamel Messaoudi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdelkader_Chaou" title="Abdelkader Chaou">Abdelkader Chaou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dahmane_El_Harrachi" title="Dahmane El Harrachi">Dahman El Harachi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Features_of_Chaabi">Features of Chaabi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaabi_(Algeria)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Features of Chaabi"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>What distinguishes this Algerian Chaabi are the sounds and poems, which represent sad memories of times gone by, heart-warming and/or romantic emotions, time spent with friends, and other memories, set against a beautiful background of <a href="/wiki/Algeria" title="Algeria">Algeria</a>. It is music that describes the reality of life and even includes tales and stories such as the stories of the <a href="/wiki/Muhammad" title="Muhammad">prophet Mohamed</a> and the religious. The words create wonderful pictures. Today, hundreds of singers are inspired by Rai music which can be heard all over the world. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaabi_(Algeria)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Congress1993-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Congress1993_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFInternational_Musicological_Society._Congress1993" class="citation book cs1">International Musicological Society. Congress (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=V-pLAAAAYAAJ"><i>Actas del XV Congreso de la Sociedad Internacional de Musicología: culturas musicales de Mediterraneo y sus ramificaciónes, Madrid/3-10/IV/1992</i></a>. La Sociedad. p. 1242.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Actas+del+XV+Congreso+de+la+Sociedad+Internacional+de+Musicolog%C3%ADa%3A+culturas+musicales+de+Mediterraneo+y+sus+ramificaci%C3%B3nes%2C+Madrid%2F3-10%2FIV%2F1992&rft.pages=1242&rft.pub=La+Sociedad&rft.date=1993&rft.au=International+Musicological+Society.+Congress&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DV-pLAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaabi+%28Algeria%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BroughtonEllingham2006-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BroughtonEllingham2006_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSimon_BroughtonMark_EllinghamJon_Lusk2006" class="citation book cs1">Simon Broughton; Mark Ellingham; Jon Lusk (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kbc7AQAAIAAJ"><i>The Rough Guide to World Music: Africa & Middle East</i></a>. Rough Guides. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-551-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84353-551-5"><bdi>978-1-84353-551-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rough+Guide+to+World+Music%3A+Africa+%26+Middle+East&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Rough+Guides&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-84353-551-5&rft.au=Simon+Broughton&rft.au=Mark+Ellingham&rft.au=Jon+Lusk&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dkbc7AQAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaabi+%28Algeria%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMagrini2003" class="citation book cs1">Magrini, Tullia (2003-06-15). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8wJzqz7F4KsC&q=Mahchachat&pg=PA216"><i>Music and Gender</i></a>. University of Chicago Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780226501666" title="Special:BookSources/9780226501666"><bdi>9780226501666</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-09-13</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Music+and+Gender&rft.pub=University+of+Chicago+Press&rft.date=2003-06-15&rft.isbn=9780226501666&rft.aulast=Magrini&rft.aufirst=Tullia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8wJzqz7F4KsC%26q%3DMahchachat%26pg%3DPA216&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaabi+%28Algeria%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HornLaing2005-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HornLaing2005_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_HornDave_Laing2005" class="citation book cs1">David Horn; Dave Laing (18 April 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jhUKAQAAMAAJ"><i>Continuum Encyclopedia of Popular Music of the World Part 2 Locations (5 Vol Set): Volumes III to VII</i></a>. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7436-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-7436-0"><bdi>978-0-8264-7436-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Continuum+Encyclopedia+of+Popular+Music+of+the+World+Part+2+Locations+%285+Vol+Set%29%3A+Volumes+III+to+VII&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Academic&rft.date=2005-04-18&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-7436-0&rft.au=David+Horn&rft.au=Dave+Laing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjhUKAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaabi+%28Algeria%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Crowley2017-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Crowley2017_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrick_Crowley2017" class="citation book cs1">Patrick Crowley (17 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sIQ8DwAAQBAJ&pg=PA75"><i>Algeria: Nation, Culture and Transnationalism, 1988-2013</i></a>. Oxford University Press. p. 75. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78694-021-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78694-021-6"><bdi>978-1-78694-021-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Algeria%3A+Nation%2C+Culture+and+Transnationalism%2C+1988-2013&rft.pages=75&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2017-07-17&rft.isbn=978-1-78694-021-6&rft.au=Patrick+Crowley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsIQ8DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA75&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChaabi+%28Algeria%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaabi_(Algeria)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ww.ournia.com">Ournia.com</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged November 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt1946205/"><i>Dead Reckoning</i> (2011) movie about this music</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Genres_of_African_popular_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Template:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Template talk:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Genres_of_African_popular_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Genres of African popular music"><abbr title="Edit this 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<ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boomba_music" title="Boomba music">Boomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genge" title="Genge">Genge</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawian_hip_hop" title="Malawian hip hop">Malawian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_hip_hop" title="Moroccan hip hop">Moroccan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritian_hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Mauritian hip hop">Mauritian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_rap" title="Igbo rap">Nigerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nigerien_hip_hop" title="Nigerien hip hop">Nigerien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senegalese_hip_hop" title="Senegalese hip hop">Senegalese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_galsen" title="Hip hop galsen">Hip hop galsen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzanian_hip_hop" title="Tanzanian hip hop">Tanzanian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bongo_Flava" title="Bongo Flava">Bongo Flava</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenji_flava" title="Zenji flava">Zenji flava</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Togolese_hip_hop" title="Togolese hip hop">Togolese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_hip_hop" title="Zimbabwean hip hop">Zimbabwean</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_reggae" title="African reggae">African reggae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nigerian_reggae" title="Nigerian reggae">Nigerian reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Seggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimdancehall" title="Zimdancehall">Zimdancehall</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeat" title="Afrobeat">Afrobeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afrobeats" title="Afrobeats">Afrobeats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-rock" class="mw-redirect" title="Afro-rock">Afro-rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_heavy_metal" title="African heavy metal">African heavy metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zamrock" title="Zamrock">Zamrock</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-soul" title="Afro-soul">Afro-soul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt%C3%A9" title="Alté">Alté</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amapiano" title="Amapiano">Amapiano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambasse_bey" title="Ambasse bey">Ambasse bey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apala" title="Apala">Apala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assiko" title="Assiko">Assiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azonto" title="Azonto">Azonto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bajourou" title="Bajourou">Bajourou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bantowbol" title="Bantowbol">Bantowbol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batuque_(music_and_dance)" class="mw-redirect" title="Batuque (music and dance)">Batuque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bend-skin" title="Bend-skin">Bend-skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benga_music" title="Benga music">Benga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bikutsi" title="Bikutsi">Bikutsi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cape_jazz" title="Cape jazz">Cape jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chaabi (music)">Chaabi</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Algerian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chaabi_(Morocco)" title="Chaabi (Morocco)">Moroccan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chimurenga_music" title="Chimurenga music">Chimurenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%A1" title="Colá">Colá</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coladeira" title="Coladeira">Coladeira</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Congolese_rumba" title="Congolese rumba">Congolese rumba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup%C3%A9-d%C3%A9cal%C3%A9" title="Coupé-décalé">Coupé-décalé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edo_Funk" title="Edo Funk">Edo Funk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_music" title="Fuji music">Fuji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funan%C3%A1" title="Funaná">Funaná</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnawa_music" title="Gnawa music">Gnawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gqom" title="Gqom">Gqom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Highlife" title="Highlife">Highlife</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Burger-highlife" title="Burger-highlife">Burger-highlife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_highlife" title="Igbo highlife">Igbo highlife</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipco" title="Hipco">Hipco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiplife" title="Hiplife">Hiplife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isicathamiya" title="Isicathamiya">Isicathamiya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaiva" title="Jaiva">Jaiva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jit" title="Jit">Jit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%B9j%C3%BA_music" title="Jùjú music">Jùjú</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kadongo_Kamu" title="Kadongo Kamu">Kadongo Kamu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kidandali" title="Kidandali">Kidandali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kizomba" title="Kizomba">Kizomba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuduro" title="Kuduro">Kuduro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwaito" title="Kwaito">Kwaito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kwela" title="Kwela">Kwela</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logobi" title="Logobi">Logobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madiaba" title="Madiaba">Madiaba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahraganat" title="Mahraganat">Mahraganat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makossa" title="Makossa">Makossa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marabi" title="Marabi">Marabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrabenta" title="Marrabenta">Marrabenta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maloya" title="Maloya">Maloya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbalax" title="Mbalax">Mbalax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbaqanga" title="Mbaqanga">Mbaqanga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mbube_(genre)" title="Mbube (genre)">Mbube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morna_(music)" title="Morna (music)">Morna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moroccan_pop" title="Moroccan pop">Moroccan pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motswako" title="Motswako">Motswako</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muziki_wa_dansi" title="Muziki wa dansi">Muziki wa dansi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ndombolo" title="Ndombolo">Ndombolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Njuup" title="Njuup">Njuup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Odi_Pop" title="Odi Pop">Odi Pop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palm-wine_music" title="Palm-wine music">Palm-wine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF" title="Raï">Raï</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ra%C3%AF%27n%27B" title="Raï'n'B">Raï'n'B</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakara_music" title="Sakara music">Sakara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salegy" title="Salegy">Salegy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant%C3%A9_engag%C3%A9" title="Santé engagé">Santé engagé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sega_(genre)" title="Sega (genre)">Sega</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Seggae" title="Seggae">Seggae</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semba" title="Semba">Semba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaabi" title="Shaabi">Shaabi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangaan_electro" title="Shangaan electro">Shangaan Electro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singeli" title="Singeli">Singeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soukous" title="Soukous">Soukous</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sudan#The_1930s_up_to_the_1950s_–_Rise_of_popular_music_through_records,_radio_and_music_halls" title="Music of Sudan">Sudanese popular music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taarab" title="Taarab">Taarab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabanka" title="Tabanka">Tabanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tarraxinha" title="Tarraxinha">Tarraxinha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wassoulou_music" title="Wassoulou music">Wassoulou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zaley" title="Zaley">Zaley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ziglibithy" title="Ziglibithy">Ziglibithy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwean_jazz" title="Zimbabwean jazz">Zimbabwean jazz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoblazo" title="Zoblazo">Zoblazo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zouglou" title="Zouglou">Zouglou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" 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