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nano-sized reinforcements</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: SiC nano-sized reinforcements"> <meta name="keywords" content="SiC nano-sized reinforcements"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="SiC nano-sized reinforcements"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 143</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: SiC nano-sized reinforcements</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Study of Biodegradable Composite Materials Based on Polylactic Acid and Vegetal Reinforcements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Manel%20Hannachi">Manel Hannachi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mustapha%20Nechiche"> Mustapha Nechiche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Azem"> Said Azem</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study focuses on biodegradable materials made from Poly-lactic acid (PLA) and vegetal reinforcements. Three materials are developed from PLA, as a matrix, and : (i) olive kernels (OK); (ii) alfa (α) short fibers and (iii) OK+ α mixture, as reinforcements. After processing of PLA pellets and olive kernels in powder and alfa stems in short fibers, three mixtures, namely PLA-OK, PLA-α, and PLA-OK-α are prepared and homogenized in Turbula®. These mixtures are then compacted at 180°C under 10 MPa during 15 mn. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) examinations show that PLA matrix adheres at surface of all reinforcements and the dispersion of these ones in matrix is good. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses highlight an increase of PLA inter-reticular distances, especially for the PLA-OK case. These results are explained by the dissociation of some molecules derived from reinforcements followed by diffusion of the released atoms in the structure of PLA. This is consistent with Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alfa%20short%20fibers" title="alfa short fibers">alfa short fibers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biodegradable%20composite" title=" biodegradable composite"> biodegradable composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=olive%20kernels" title=" olive kernels"> olive kernels</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=poly-lactic%20acid" title=" poly-lactic acid"> poly-lactic acid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85801/study-of-biodegradable-composite-materials-based-on-polylactic-acid-and-vegetal-reinforcements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/85801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">147</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Investigation of Bending Behavior of Ultra High Performance Concrete with Steel and Glass Fiber Polymer Reinforcement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Can%20Otuzbir">Can Otuzbir</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is one of the most difficult areas of civil engineering to provide long-lasting structures with the rapid development of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. Concrete is a living material, and the structure where the concrete is located is constantly exposed to external influences. One of these effects is reinforcement corrosion. Reinforcement corrosion of reinforced concrete structures leads to a significant decrease in the carrying capacity of the structural elements, as well as reduced service life. It is undesirable that the service life should be completed sooner than expected. In recent years, advances in glass fiber technology and its use with concrete have developed rapidly. As a result of inability to protect steel reinforcements against corrosion, fiberglass reinforcements have started to be investigated as an alternative material to steel reinforcements, and researches and experimental studies are still continuing. Glass fiber reinforcements have become an alternative material to steel reinforcement because they are resistant to corrosion, lightweight and simple to install compared to steel reinforcement. Glass fiber reinforcements are not corroded and have higher tensile strength, longer life, lighter and insulating properties compared to steel reinforcement. In experimental studies, glass fiber reinforcements have been shown to show superior mechanical properties similar to beams produced with steel reinforcement. The performance of long-term use of glass fiber fibers continues with accelerated experimental studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=glass%20fiber%20polymer%20reinforcement" title="glass fiber polymer reinforcement">glass fiber polymer reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20fiber%20concrete" title=" steel fiber concrete"> steel fiber concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultra%20high%20performance%20concrete" title=" ultra high performance concrete"> ultra high performance concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending" title=" bending"> bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GFRP" title=" GFRP"> GFRP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112156/investigation-of-bending-behavior-of-ultra-high-performance-concrete-with-steel-and-glass-fiber-polymer-reinforcement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/112156.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">128</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> Seismic Active Earth Pressure on Retaining Walls with Reinforced Backfill</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jagdish%20Prasad%20Sahoo">Jagdish Prasad Sahoo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increase in active earth pressure during the event of an earthquake results sliding, overturning and tilting of earth retaining structures. In order to improve upon the stability of structures, the soil mass is often reinforced with various types of reinforcements such as metal strips, geotextiles, and geogrids etc. The stresses generated in the soil mass are transferred to the reinforcements through the interface friction between the earth and the reinforcement, which in turn reduces the lateral earth pressure on the retaining walls. Hence, the evaluation of earth pressure in the presence of seismic forces with an inclusion of reinforcements is important for the design retaining walls in the seismically active zones. In the present analysis, the effect of reinforcing horizontal layers of reinforcements in the form of sheets (Geotextiles and Geogrids) in sand used as backfill, on reducing the active earth pressure due to earthquake body forces has been studied. For carrying out the analysis, pseudo-static approach has been adopted by employing upper bound theorem of limit analysis in combination with finite elements and linear optimization. The computations have been performed with and out reinforcements for different internal friction angle of sand varying from 30 ° to 45 °. The effectiveness of the reinforcement in reducing the active earth pressure on the retaining walls is examined in terms of active earth pressure coefficient for presenting the solutions in a non-dimensional form. The active earth pressure coefficient is expressed as functions of internal friction angle of sand, interface friction angle between sand and reinforcement, soil-wall interface roughness conditions, and coefficient of horizontal seismic acceleration. It has been found that (i) there always exists a certain optimum depth of the reinforcement layers corresponding to which the value of active earth pressure coefficient becomes always the minimum, and (ii) the active earth pressure coefficient decreases significantly with an increase in length of reinforcements only up to a certain length beyond which a further increase in length hardly causes any reduction in the values active earth pressure. The optimum depth of the reinforcement layers and the required length of reinforcements corresponding to the optimum depth of reinforcements have been established. The numerical results developed in this analysis are expected to be useful for purpose of design of retaining walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=active" title="active">active</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20elements" title=" finite elements"> finite elements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=limit%20analysis" title=" limit analysis"> limit analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=presudo-static" title=" presudo-static"> presudo-static</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement"> reinforcement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39227/seismic-active-earth-pressure-on-retaining-walls-with-reinforced-backfill" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39227.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">365</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Modified Tendon Model Considered Structural Nonlinearity in PSC Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yangsu%20Kwon">Yangsu Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hyo-Gyoung%20Kwak"> Hyo-Gyoung Kwak</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nonlinear tendon constitutive model for nonlinear analysis of pre-stressed concrete structures are presented. Since the post-cracking behavior of concrete structures, in which bonded reinforcements such as tendons and/or reinforcing steels are embedded, depends on many influencing factors(the tensile strength of concrete, anchorage length of reinforcements, concrete cover, and steel spacing) that are deeply related to the bond characteristics between concrete and reinforcements, consideration of the tension stiffening effect on the basis of the bond-slip mechanism is necessary to evaluate ultimate resisting capacity of structures. In this paper, an improved tendon model, which considering the slip effect between concrete and tendon, and effect of tension stiffening, is suggested. The validity of the proposed models is established by comparing between the analytical results and experimental results in pre-stressed concrete beams. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond-slip" title="bond-slip">bond-slip</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prestressed%20concrete" title=" prestressed concrete"> prestressed concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tendon" title=" tendon"> tendon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultimate%20strength" title=" ultimate strength"> ultimate strength</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17409/modified-tendon-model-considered-structural-nonlinearity-in-psc-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17409.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">493</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> An Experimental Investigation of Bond Properties of Reinforcements Embedded in Geopolymer Concrete</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jee-Sang%20Kim">Jee-Sang Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jong%20Ho%20Park"> Jong Ho Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Geopolymer concretes are a new class of construction materials that have emerged as an alternative to Ordinary Portland cement concrete. Considerable researches have been carried out on material development of geopolymer concrete, however, a few studies have been reported on the structural use of them. This paper presents the bond behaviors of reinforcement embedded in fly ash based geopolymer concrete. The development lengths of reinforcement for various compressive strengths of concrete, 20, 30 and 40 MPa, and reinforcement diameters, 10, 16, and 25 mm are investigated. Total 27 specimens were manufactured and pull-out test according to EN 10080 was applied to measure bond strength and slips between concrete and reinforcements. The average bond strengths decreased from 23.06MPa to 17.26 MPa, as the diameters of reinforcements increased from 10mm to 25mm. The compressive strength levels of geopolymer concrete showed no significant influence on bond strengths in this study. Also, the bond-slip relations between geopolymer concrete and reinforcement are derived using non-linear regression analysis for various experimental conditions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond-slip%20relation" title="bond-slip relation">bond-slip relation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bond%20strength" title=" bond strength"> bond strength</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geopolymer%20concrete" title=" geopolymer concrete"> geopolymer concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pull-out%20test" title=" pull-out test"> pull-out test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14860/an-experimental-investigation-of-bond-properties-of-reinforcements-embedded-in-geopolymer-concrete" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/14860.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> Review on Wear Behavior of Magnesium Matrix Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amandeep%20Singh">Amandeep Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Niraj%20Bala"> Niraj Bala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the last decades, light-weight materials such as magnesium matrix composites have become hot topic for material research due to their excellent mechanical and physical properties. However, relatively very less work has been done related to the wear behavior of these composites. Magnesium matrix composites have wide applications in automobile and aerospace sector. In this review, attempt has been done to collect the literature related to wear behavior of magnesium matrix composites fabricated through various processing techniques such as stir casting, powder metallurgy, friction stir processing etc. Effect of different reinforcements, reinforcement content, reinforcement size, wear load, sliding speed and time have been studied by different researchers in detail. Wear mechanism under different experimental condition has been reviewed in detail. The wear resistance of magnesium and its alloys can be enhanced with the addition of different reinforcements. Wear resistance can further be enhanced by increasing the percentage of added reinforcements. Increase in applied load during wear test leads to increase in wear rate of magnesium composites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hardness" title="hardness">hardness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=magnesium%20matrix%20composites" title=" magnesium matrix composites"> magnesium matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement"> reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear" title=" wear"> wear</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52187/review-on-wear-behavior-of-magnesium-matrix-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/52187.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Development and Characterization of Wear Properties of Aluminum 8011 Hybrid Metal Matrix Composites</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20K.%20Shivanand">H. K. Shivanand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Yogananda"> A. Yogananda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The objective of present investigation is to study the effect of reinforcements on the wear properties of E-Glass short fibers and Flyash reinforced Al 8011 hybrid metal matrix composites. The alloy of Al 8011 reinforced with E-glass and fly ash particulates are prepared by simple stir casting method. The MMC is obtained for different composition of E-glass and flyash particulates (varying E-glass with constant fly ash and varying flyash with constant E-glass percentage). The wear results of ascast hybrid composites with different compositions of reinforcements at varying sliding speeds and different loads are discussed. The results reveals that as the percentage of reinforcement increases wear rate will decrease. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20matrix%20composites" title="metal matrix composites">metal matrix composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum%20alloy%208011" title=" aluminum alloy 8011"> aluminum alloy 8011</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stir%20casting" title=" stir casting"> stir casting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wear%20test" title=" wear test"> wear test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34617/development-and-characterization-of-wear-properties-of-aluminum-8011-hybrid-metal-matrix-composites" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/34617.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">350</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> Experimental Investigation on Geosynthetic-Reinforced Soil Sections via California Bearing Ratio Test</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Abdi%20Goudazri">S. Abdi Goudazri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed"> R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nazeri"> A. Nazeri</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Loose soils normally are of weak bearing capacity due to their structural nature. Being exposed to heavy traffic loads, they would fail in most cases. To tackle the aforementioned issue, geotechnical engineers have come up with different approaches; one of which is making use of geosynthetic-reinforced soil-aggregate systems. As these polymeric reinforcements have highlighted economic and environmentally-friendly features, they have become widespread in practice during the last decades. The present research investigates the efficiency of four different types of these reinforcements in increasing the bearing capacity of two-layered soil sections using a series California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test. The studied sections are comprised of a 10 cm-thick layer of no. 161 Firouzkooh sand (weak subgrade) and a 10 cm-thick layer of compacted aggregate materials (base course) classified as SP and GW according to the United Soil Classification System (USCS), respectively. The aggregate layer was compacted to the relative density (Dr) of 95% at the optimum water content (Wopt) of 6.5%. The applied reinforcements were including two kinds of geocomposites (type A and B), a geotextile, and a geogrid that were embedded at the interface of the lower and the upper layers of the soil-aggregate system. As the standard CBR mold was not appropriate in height for this study, the mold used for soaked CBR tests were utilized. To make a comparison between the results of stress-settlement behavior in the studied specimens, CBR values pertinent to the penetrations of 2.5 mm and 5 mm were considered. The obtained results demonstrated 21% and 24.5% increments in the amount of CBR value in the presence of geocomposite type A and geogrid, respectively. On the other hand, the effect of both geotextile and geocomposite type B on CBR values was generally insignificant in this research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geosynthetics" title="geosynthetics">geosynthetics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geogrid" title=" geogrid"> geogrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geotextile" title=" geotextile"> geotextile</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBR%20test" title=" CBR test"> CBR test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=increasing%20bearing%20capacity" title=" increasing bearing capacity"> increasing bearing capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116386/experimental-investigation-on-geosynthetic-reinforced-soil-sections-via-california-bearing-ratio-test" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/116386.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">110</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Development and Characterization of Sandwich Bio-Composites Based on Short Alfa Fiber and Jute Fabric</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amine%20Rezzoug">Amine Rezzoug</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Selsabil%20Rokia%20Laraba"> Selsabil Rokia Laraba</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mourad%20Ancer"> Mourad Ancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Said%20Abdi"> Said Abdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Composite materials are taking center stage in different fields thanks to their mechanical characteristics and their ease of preparation. Environmental constraints have led to the development of composite with natural reinforcements. The sandwich structure has the advantage to have good flexural proprieties for low density, which is why it was chosen in this work. The development of these materials is related to an energy saving strategy and environmental protection. The present work refers to the study of the development and characterization of sandwiches composites based on hybrids laminates with natural reinforcements (Alfa and Jute), a metal fabric was introduced into composite in order to have a compromise between weight and properties. We use different configurations of reinforcements (jute, metallic fabric) to develop laminates in order to use them as thin facings for sandwiches materials. While the core was an epoxy matrix reinforced with Alfa short fibers, a chemical treatment sodium hydroxide was cared to improve the adhesion of the Alfa fibers. The mechanical characterization of our materials was made by the tensile and bending test, to highlight the influence of jute and Alfa. After testing, the fracture surfaces are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Optical microscopy allowed us to calculate the degree of porosity and to observe the morphology of the individual layers. Laminates based on jute fabric have shown better results in tensile test as well as to bending, compared to those of the metallic fabric (100%, 65%). Sandwich Panels were also characterized in terms of bending test. Results we had provide, shows that this composite has sufficient properties for possible replacing conventional composite materials by considering the environmental factors. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bending%20test" title="bending test">bending test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bio-composites" title=" bio-composites"> bio-composites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sandwiches" title=" sandwiches"> sandwiches</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tensile%20test" title=" tensile test"> tensile test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35497/development-and-characterization-of-sandwich-bio-composites-based-on-short-alfa-fiber-and-jute-fabric" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/35497.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">435</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> Effect of Stitching Pattern on Composite Tubular Structures Subjected to Quasi-Static Crushing </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Rabiee">Ali Rabiee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hessam%20Ghasemnejad"> Hessam Ghasemnejad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Extensive experimental investigation on the effect of stitching pattern on tubular composite structures was conducted. The effect of stitching reinforcement through thickness on using glass flux yarn on energy absorption of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) was investigated under high speed loading conditions at axial loading. Keeping the mass of the structure at 125 grams and applying different pattern of stitching at various locations in theory enables better energy absorption, and also enables the control over the behaviour of force-crush distance curve. The study consists of simple non-stitch absorber comparison with single and multi-location stitching behaviour and its effect on energy absorption capabilities. The locations of reinforcements are 10 mm, 20 mm, 30 mm, 10-20 mm, 10-30 mm, 20-30 mm, 10-20-30 mm and 10-15-20-25-30-35 mm from the top of the specimen. The effect of through the thickness reinforcements has shown increase in energy absorption capabilities and crushing load. The significance of this is that as the stitching locations are closer, the crushing load increases and consequently energy absorption capabilities are also increased. The implementation of this idea would improve the mean force by applying stitching and controlling the behaviour of force-crush distance curve. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=through-thickness%20stitching" title="through-thickness stitching">through-thickness stitching</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20enforcement%E2%80%8B" title=" 3D enforcement"> 3D enforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20absorption" title=" energy absorption"> energy absorption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tubular%20composite%20structures" title=" tubular composite structures"> tubular composite structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55255/effect-of-stitching-pattern-on-composite-tubular-structures-subjected-to-quasi-static-crushing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55255.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">262</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">133</span> Response to Name Training in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD): A New Intervention Model</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Verduci">E. Verduci</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Aguglia"> I. Aguglia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Filocamo"> A. Filocamo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=I.%20Macr%C3%AC"> I. Macrì</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Scala"> R. Scala</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Vinci"> A. Vinci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> One of the first indicator of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a decreasing tendency or failure to respond to name (RTN) call. Despite RTN is important for social and language developmentand it’s a common target for early interventions for children with ASD, research on specific treatments is insufficient and does not consider the importance of the discrimination between the own name and other names. The purpose of the current study was to replicate an assessment and treatment model proposed by Conine et al. (2020) to teach children with ASD to respond to their own name and to not respond to other names (RTO). The model includes three different phases (baseline/screening, treatment, and generalization), and itgradually introduces the different treatment components, starting with the most naturalistic ones (such as social interaction) and adding more intrusive components (such as tangible reinforcements, prompt and fading procedures) if necessary. The participants of this study were three children with ASD diagnosis: D. (5 years old) with a low frequency of RTN, M. (7 years old) with a RTN unstable and no ability of discrimination between his name and other names, S. (3 years old) with a strong RTN but a constant response to other names. Moreover, the treatment for D. and M. consisted of social and tangible reinforcements (treatment T1), for S. the purpose of the treatment was to teach the discrimination between his name and the others. For all participants, results suggest the efficacy of the model to acquire the ability to selectively respond to the own name and the generalization of the behavior with other people and settings. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=response%20to%20name" title="response to name">response to name</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism%20spectrum%20disorder" title=" autism spectrum disorder"> autism spectrum disorder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=progressive%20training" title=" progressive training"> progressive training</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABA" title=" ABA"> ABA</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151511/response-to-name-training-in-autism-spectrum-disorder-asd-a-new-intervention-model" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/151511.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">84</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">132</span> Removal of Pharmaceuticals from Aquarius Solutions Using Hybrid Ceramic Membranes</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jenny%20Radeva">Jenny Radeva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anke-Gundula%20Roth"> Anke-Gundula Roth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Christian%20Goebbert"> Christian Goebbert</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20Niestroj-Pahl"> Robert Niestroj-Pahl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lars%20Daehne"> Lars Daehne</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Axel%20Wolfram"> Axel Wolfram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Juergen%20Wiese"> Juergen Wiese</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The technological advantages of ceramic filtration elements were combined with polyelectrolyte films in the development process of hybrid membrane for the elimination of pharmaceuticals from Aquarius solutions. Previously extruded alumina ceramic membranes were coated with nanosized polyelectrolyte films using Layer-by-Layer technology. The polyelectrolyte chains form a network with nano-pores on the ceramic surface and promote the retention of small molecules like pharmaceuticals and microplastics, which cannot be eliminated using standard ultrafiltration methods. Additionally, the polyelectrolyte coat contributes with its adjustable (based on application) Zeta Potential for repulsion of contaminant molecules with opposite charges. Properties like permeability, bubble point, pore size distribution and Zeta Potential of ceramic and hybrid membranes were characterized using various laboratory and pilot tests and compared with each other. The most significant role for the membrane characterization played the filtration behavior investigation, during which retention against widely used pharmaceuticals like Diclofenac, Ibuprofen and Sulfamethoxazol was subjected to series of filtration tests. The presented study offers a new perspective on nanosized molecules removal from aqueous solutions and shows the importance of combined techniques application for the elimination of pharmaceutical contaminants from drinking water. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20treatment" title="water treatment">water treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hybrid%20membranes" title=" hybrid membranes"> hybrid membranes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=layer-by-layer%20coating" title=" layer-by-layer coating"> layer-by-layer coating</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=filtration" title=" filtration"> filtration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyelectrolytes" title=" polyelectrolytes"> polyelectrolytes</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138646/removal-of-pharmaceuticals-from-aquarius-solutions-using-hybrid-ceramic-membranes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">167</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">131</span> Study of the Effect of Sewing on Non Woven Textile Waste at Dry and Composite Scales</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wafa%20Baccouch">Wafa Baccouch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adel%20Ghith"> Adel Ghith</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xavier%20Legrand"> Xavier Legrand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faten%20Fayala"> Faten Fayala</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Textile waste recycling has become a necessity considering the augmentation of the amount of waste generated each year and the ecological problems that landfilling and burning can cause. Textile waste can be recycled into many different forms according to its composition and its final utilization. Using this waste as reinforcement to composite panels is a new recycling area that is being studied. Compared to virgin fabrics, recycled ones present the disadvantage of having lower structural characteristics, when they are eco-friendly and with low cost. The objective of this work is transforming textile waste into composite material with good characteristic and low price. In this study, we used sewing as a method to improve the characteristics of the recycled textile waste in order to use it as reinforcement to composite material. Textile non-woven waste was afforded by a local textile recycling industry. Performances tests were evaluated using tensile testing machine and based on the testing direction for both reinforcements and composite panels; machine and transverse direction. Tensile tests were conducted on sewed and non sewed fabrics, and then they were used as reinforcements to composite panels via epoxy resin infusion method. Rule of mixtures is used to predict composite characteristics and then compared to experimental ones. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20material" title="composite material">composite material</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=epoxy%20resin" title=" epoxy resin"> epoxy resin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non%20woven%20waste" title=" non woven waste"> non woven waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewing" title=" sewing"> sewing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=textile" title=" textile"> textile</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101055/study-of-the-effect-of-sewing-on-non-woven-textile-waste-at-dry-and-composite-scales" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101055.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">586</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">130</span> Surface Induced Alteration of Nanosized Amorphous Alumina</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Katsman">A. Katsman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Bloch"> L. Bloch</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Etinger"> Y. Etinger</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Kauffmann"> Y. Kauffmann</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B.%20Pokroy"> B. Pokroy </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Various nanosized amorphous alumina thin films in the range of (2.4 - 63.1) nm were deposited onto amorphous carbon and amorphous Si3N4 membrane grids. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) techniques were used to probe the size effect on the short range order and the amorphous to crystalline phase transition temperature. It was found that the short-range order changes as a function of size: the fraction of tetrahedral Al sites is greater in thinner amorphous films. This result correlates with the change of amorphous alumina density with the film thickness demonstrated by the reflectivity experiments: the thinner amorphous films have the less density. These effects are discussed in terms of surface reconstruction of the amorphous alumina films. The average atomic binding energy in the thin film layer decreases with decease of the thickness, while the average O-Al interatomic distance increases. The reconstruction of amorphous alumina is induced by the surface reconstruction, and the short range order changes being dependent on the density. Decrease of the surface energy during reconstruction is the driving force of the alumina reconstruction (density change) followed by relaxation process (short range order change). The amorphous to crystalline phase transition temperature measured by DSC rises with the decrease in thickness from 997.6°C for 13.9 nm to 1020.4 °C for 2.7 nm thick. This effect was attributed to the different film densities: formation of nanovoids preceding and accompanying crystallization process influences the crystallization rate, and by these means, the temperature of crystallization peak. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20alumina" title="amorphous alumina">amorphous alumina</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=density" title=" density"> density</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=short%20range%20order" title=" short range order"> short range order</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=size%20effect" title=" size effect"> size effect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23605/surface-induced-alteration-of-nanosized-amorphous-alumina" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">466</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">129</span> Producing of Amorphous-Nanocrystalline Composite Powders</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Tomolya">K. Tomolya</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Janovszky"> D. Janovszky</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Sycheva"> A. Sycheva</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Sveda"> M. Sveda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Roosz"> A. Roosz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CuZrAl amorphous alloys have attracted high interest due to unique physical and mechanical properties, which can be enhanced by adding of Ni and Ti elements. It is known that this properties can be enhanced by crystallization of amorphous alloys creating nanocrystallines in the matrix. The present work intends to produce nanosized crystalline parti-cle reinforced amorphous matrix composite powders by crystallization of amorphous powders. As the first step the amorphous powders were synthe-tized by ball-milling of crystalline powders. (Cu49Zr45Al6) 80Ni10Ti10 and (Cu49Zr44Al7) 80Ni10Ti10 (at%) alloys were ball-milled for 12 hours in order to reach the fully amorphous structure. The impact en-ergy of the balls during milling causes the change of the structure in the powders. Scanning electron microscopical (SEM) images shows that the phases mixed first and then changed into a fully amorphous matrix. Furthermore, nanosized particles in the amorphous matrix were crystallized by heat treatment of the amorphous powders that was confirmed by TEM measurement. It was of importance to define the tem-perature when the amorphous phase starts to crystal-lize. Amorphous alloys have a special heating curve and characteristic temperatures, which can be meas-ured by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). A typical DSC curve of an amorphous alloy exhibits an endothermic event characteristic of the equilibrium glass transition (Tg) and a distinct undercooled liquid region, followed by one or two exothermic events corresponding to crystallization processes (Tp). After measuring the DSC traces of the amorphous powders, the annealing temperatures should be determined between Tx and Tp. In our experiments several temperatures from the annealing temperature range were selected and de-pendency of crystallized nanoparticles fraction on their hardness was investigated. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amorphous%20structure" title="amorphous structure">amorphous structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite" title=" composite"> composite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mechanical%20milling" title=" mechanical milling"> mechanical milling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powder" title=" powder"> powder</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scanning%20electron%20microscopy%20%28SEM%29" title=" scanning electron microscopy (SEM)"> scanning electron microscopy (SEM)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=differential%20scanning%20calorimetry%20%28DSC%29" title=" differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)"> differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transmission%20electronmocroscopy%20%28TEM%29" title=" transmission electronmocroscopy (TEM)"> transmission electronmocroscopy (TEM)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28664/producing-of-amorphous-nanocrystalline-composite-powders" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28664.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">450</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">128</span> Corrosion Resistance Evaluation of Reinforcing Bars: A Comparative Study of Fusion Bonded Epoxy Coated, Cement Polymer Composite Coated and Dual Zinc Epoxy Coated Rebar for Application in Reinforced Concrete Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Harshit%20Agrawal">Harshit Agrawal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Salman%20Muhammad"> Salman Muhammad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Degradation to reinforced concrete (RC), primarily due to corrosion of embedded reinforcement, has been a major cause of concern worldwide. Among several ways to control corrosion, the use of coated reinforcement has gained significant interest in field applications. However, the choice of proper coating material and the effect of damage over coating are yet to be addressed for effective application of coated reinforcements. The present study aims to investigate and compare the performance of three different types of coated reinforcements —Fusion-Bonded Epoxy Coating (FBEC), Cement Polymer Composite Coating (CPCC), and Dual Zinc-Epoxy Coating (DZEC) —in concrete structures. The aim is to assess their corrosion resistance, durability, and overall effectiveness as coated reinforcement materials both in undamaged and simulated damaged conditions. Through accelerated corrosion tests, electrochemical analysis, and exposure to aggressive marine environments, the study evaluates the long-term performance of each coating system. This research serves as a crucial guide for engineers and construction professionals in selecting the most suitable corrosion protection for reinforced concrete, thereby enhancing the durability and sustainability of infrastructure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion" title="corrosion">corrosion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coated%20reinforcement" title=" coated reinforcement"> coated reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seawater%20exposure" title=" seawater exposure"> seawater exposure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrochemical%20analysis" title=" electrochemical analysis"> electrochemical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20life" title=" service life"> service life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corrosion%20prevention" title=" corrosion prevention"> corrosion prevention</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176537/corrosion-resistance-evaluation-of-reinforcing-bars-a-comparative-study-of-fusion-bonded-epoxy-coated-cement-polymer-composite-coated-and-dual-zinc-epoxy-coated-rebar-for-application-in-reinforced-concrete-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/176537.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">82</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">127</span> Evaluation of the Heating Capability and in vitro Hemolysis of Nanosized MgxMn1-xFe2O4 (x = 0.3 and 0.4) Ferrites Prepared by Sol-gel Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laura%20Elena%20De%20Le%C3%B3n%20Prado">Laura Elena De León Prado</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dora%20Alicia%20Cort%C3%A9s%20Hern%C3%A1ndez"> Dora Alicia Cortés Hernández</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Javier%20S%C3%A1nchez"> Javier Sánchez</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Among the different cancer treatments that are currently used, hyperthermia has a promising potential due to the multiple benefits that are obtained by this technique. In general terms, hyperthermia is a method that takes advantage of the sensitivity of cancer cells to heat, in order to damage or destroy them. Within the different ways of supplying heat to cancer cells and achieve their destruction or damage, the use of magnetic nanoparticles has attracted attention due to the capability of these particles to generate heat under the influence of an external magnetic field. In addition, these nanoparticles have a high surface area and sizes similar or even lower than biological entities, which allow their approaching and interaction with a specific region of interest. The most used magnetic nanoparticles for hyperthermia treatment are those based on iron oxides, mainly magnetite and maghemite, due to their biocompatibility, good magnetic properties and chemical stability. However, in order to fulfill more efficiently the requirements that demand the treatment of magnetic hyperthermia, there have been investigations using ferrites that incorporate different metallic ions, such as Mg, Mn, Co, Ca, Ni, Cu, Li, Gd, etc., in their structure. This paper reports the synthesis of nanosized Mg<sub>x</sub>Mn<sub>1-x</sub>Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (x = 0.3 and 0.4) ferrites by sol-gel method and their evaluation in terms of heating capability and <em>in vitro</em> hemolysis to determine the potential use of these nanoparticles as thermoseeds for the treatment of cancer by magnetic hyperthermia. It was possible to obtain ferrites with nanometric sizes, a single crystalline phase with an inverse spinel structure and a behavior near to that of superparamagnetic materials. Additionally, at concentrations of 10 mg of magnetic material per mL of water, it was possible to reach a temperature of approximately 45°C, which is within the range of temperatures used for the treatment of hyperthermia. The results of the <em>in vitro</em> hemolysis assay showed that, at the concentrations tested, these nanoparticles are non-hemolytic, as their percentage of hemolysis is close to zero. Therefore, these materials can be used as thermoseeds for the treatment of cancer by magnetic hyperthermia. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrites" title="ferrites">ferrites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heating%20capability" title=" heating capability"> heating capability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hemolysis" title=" hemolysis"> hemolysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65208/evaluation-of-the-heating-capability-and-in-vitro-hemolysis-of-nanosized-mgxmn1-xfe2o4-x-03-and-04-ferrites-prepared-by-sol-gel-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/65208.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">342</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">126</span> Micromechanics Modeling of 3D Network Smart Orthotropic Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20M.%20Hassan">E. M. Hassan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20L.%20Kalamkarov"> A. L. Kalamkarov</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Two micromechanical models for 3D smart composite with embedded periodic or nearly periodic network of generally orthotropic reinforcements and actuators are developed and applied to cubic structures with unidirectional orientation of constituents. Analytical formulas for the effective piezothermoelastic coefficients are derived using the Asymptotic Homogenization Method (AHM). Finite Element Analysis (FEA) is subsequently developed and used to examine the aforementioned periodic 3D network reinforced smart structures. The deformation responses from the FE simulations are used to extract effective coefficients. The results from both techniques are compared. This work considers piezoelectric materials that respond linearly to changes in electric field, electric displacement, mechanical stress and strain and thermal effects. This combination of electric fields and thermo-mechanical response in smart composite structures is characterized by piezoelectric and thermal expansion coefficients. The problem is represented by unit-cell and the models are developed using the AHM and the FEA to determine the effective piezoelectric and thermal expansion coefficients. Each unit cell contains a number of orthotropic inclusions in the form of structural reinforcements and actuators. Using matrix representation of the coupled response of the unit cell, the effective piezoelectric and thermal expansion coefficients are calculated and compared with results of the asymptotic homogenization method. A very good agreement is shown between these two approaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asymptotic%20homogenization%20method" title="asymptotic homogenization method">asymptotic homogenization method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20piezothermoelastic%20coefficients" title=" effective piezothermoelastic coefficients"> effective piezothermoelastic coefficients</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=3D%20smart%20network%20composite%20structures" title=" 3D smart network composite structures"> 3D smart network composite structures</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18190/micromechanics-modeling-of-3d-network-smart-orthotropic-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18190.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">125</span> Exploring the Potential of Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline (rGo/PANI) Nanocomposites for High-Performance Supercapacitor Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmad%20Umar">Ahmad Umar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20A.%20Ibrahim"> Ahmed A. Ibrahim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohsen%20A.%20Alhamami"> Mohsen A. Alhamami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study introduces a facile synthesis method for synthesizing reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanosheets with surface decoration of polyaniline (PANI). The resultant rGO@PANI nanocomposite (NC) exhibit substantial potential as advanced electrode materials for high-performance supercapacitors. The strategic integration of PANI onto the rGO surface serves dual purposes, effectively mitigating the agglomeration of rGO films and augmenting their utility in supercapacitor applications. The PANI coating manifests a highly porous and nanosized morphology, fostering increased surface area and optimized mass transport by reducing diffusion kinetics. The nanosized structure of PANI contributes to the maximization of active sites, thereby bolstering the efficacy of the nanocomposites for diverse applications. The inherent conductive nature of the rGO surface significantly expedites electron transport, thereby amplifying the overall electrochemical performance of the nanocomposites. To systematically evaluate the influence of PANI concentration on the electrode performance, varying concentrations of PANI were incorporated. Notably, an elevated PANI concentration was found to enhance the response owing to the unique morphology of PANI. Remarkably, the 5% rGO@PANI NC emerged as the most promising candidate, demonstrating exceptional response characteristics with a specific capacitance of 314.2 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. Furthermore, this catalyst exhibits outstanding long-term stability, retaining approximately 92% of its capacitance even after enduring 4000 cycles. This research underscores the significance of the synergistic integration of rGO and PANI in the design of high-performance supercapacitors. The elucidation of the underlying mechanisms governing the improved electrochemical properties contributes to the fundamental understanding of nanocomposite behavior, thereby paving the way for the rational design of next-generation energy storage materials. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20graphene%20oxide" title="reduced graphene oxide">reduced graphene oxide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyaniline" title=" polyaniline"> polyaniline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supercapacitors" title=" supercapacitors"> supercapacitors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy%20storage" title=" energy storage"> energy storage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179986/exploring-the-potential-of-reduced-graphene-oxidepolyaniline-rgopani-nanocomposites-for-high-performance-supercapacitor-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/179986.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">59</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">124</span> Shear Strength of Reinforced Web Openings in Steel Beams</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20S.%20Sivakumaran">K. S. Sivakumaran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bo%20Chen"> Bo Chen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The floor beams of steel buildings, cold-formed steel floor joists, in particular, often require large web openings, which may affect their shear capacities. A cost effective way to mitigate the detrimental effects of such openings is to weld/fasten reinforcements. A difficulty associated with an experimental investigation to establish suitable reinforcement schemes for openings in shear zone is that moment always coexists with the shear, and thus, it is impossible to create pure shear state in experiments, resulting in moment influenced results. However, finite element analysis can be conveniently used to investigate the pure shear behaviour of webs including webs with reinforced opening. This paper presents that the details associated with the finite element analysis of thick/thin-plates (representing the web of hot-rolled steel beam, and the web of a cold-formed steel member) having a large reinforced openings. The study considered thin simply supported rectangular plates subjected to inplane shear loadings until failure (including post-buckling behaviour). The plate was modelled using geometrically non-linear quadrilateral shell elements, and non-linear stress-strain relationship based on experiments. Total Lagrangian (TL) with large displacement/small strain formulation was used for such analysis. The model also considered the initial geometric imperfections. This study considered three reinforcement schemes, namely, flat, lip, and angle reinforcements. This paper discusses the modelling considerations and presents the results associated with the various reinforcement schemes under consideration. The paper briefly compares the analysis results with the experimental results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cold-formed%20steel" title="cold-formed steel">cold-formed steel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=finite%20element%20analysis" title=" finite element analysis"> finite element analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opening" title=" opening"> opening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforcement" title=" reinforcement"> reinforcement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20resistance" title=" shear resistance"> shear resistance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33448/shear-strength-of-reinforced-web-openings-in-steel-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33448.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">123</span> Comparative Assessment of Geocell and Geogrid Reinforcement for Flexible Pavement: Numerical Parametric Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjana%20R.%20Menon">Anjana R. Menon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjana%20Bhasi"> Anjana Bhasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Development of highways and railways play crucial role in a nation’s economic growth. While rigid concrete pavements are durable with high load bearing characteristics, growing economies mostly rely on flexible pavements which are easier in construction and more economical. The strength of flexible pavement is based on the strength of subgrade and load distribution characteristics of intermediate granular layers. In this scenario, to simultaneously meet economy and strength criteria, it is imperative to strengthen and stabilize the load transferring layers, namely subbase and base. Geosynthetic reinforcement in planar and cellular forms have been proven effective in improving soil stiffness and providing a stable load transfer platform. Studies have proven the relative superiority of cellular form-geocells over planar geosynthetic forms like geogrid, owing to the additional confinement of infill material and pocket effect arising from vertical deformation. Hence, the present study investigates the efficiency of geocells over single/multiple layer geogrid reinforcements by a series of three-dimensional model analyses of a flexible pavement section under a standard repetitive wheel load. The stress transfer mechanism and deformation profiles under various reinforcement configurations are also studied. Geocell reinforcement is observed to take up a higher proportion of stress caused by the traffic loads compared to single and double-layer geogrid reinforcements. The efficiency of single geogrid reinforcement reduces with an increase in embedment depth. The contribution of lower geogrid is insignificant in the case of the double-geogrid reinforced system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geocell" title="Geocell">Geocell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Geogrid" title=" Geogrid"> Geogrid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Flexible%20Pavement" title=" Flexible Pavement"> Flexible Pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Repetitive%20Wheel%20Load" title=" Repetitive Wheel Load"> Repetitive Wheel Load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Numerical%20Analysis" title=" Numerical Analysis"> Numerical Analysis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164654/comparative-assessment-of-geocell-and-geogrid-reinforcement-for-flexible-pavement-numerical-parametric-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/164654.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">122</span> Some Observations on the Preparation of Zinc Hydroxide Nitrate Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Krasimir%20Ivanov">Krasimir Ivanov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elitsa%20Kolentsova"> Elitsa Kolentsova</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nguyen%20Nguyen"> Nguyen Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Alexander%20Peltekov"> Alexander Peltekov</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Violina%20Angelova"> Violina Angelova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The nanosized zinc hydroxide nitrate has been recently estimated as perspective foliar fertilizer, which has improved zinc solubility, but low phytotoxicity, in comparison with ZnO and other Zn containing compounds. The main problem is obtaining of stable particles with dimensions less than 100 nm. This work studies the effect of preparation conditions on the chemical compositions and particle size of the zinc hydroxide nitrates, prepared by precipitation. Zn(NO3)2.6H2O and NaOH with concentrations, ranged from 0.2 to 3.2M and the initial OH/Zn ratio from 0.5 to 1.6 were used at temperatures from 20 to 60 °C. All samples were characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, differential thermal analysis and ICP. Stability and distribution of the zinc hydroxide nitrate particles were estimated too. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=zinc%20hydroxide%20nitrate" title="zinc hydroxide nitrate">zinc hydroxide nitrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoparticles" title=" nanoparticles"> nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preparation" title=" preparation"> preparation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foliar%20fertilizer" title=" foliar fertilizer"> foliar fertilizer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53436/some-observations-on-the-preparation-of-zinc-hydroxide-nitrate-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/53436.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">349</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">121</span> The Effect of Metal-Organic Framework Pore Size to Hydrogen Generation of Ammonia Borane via Nanoconfinement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing-Yang%20Chung">Jing-Yang Chung</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chi-Wei%20Liao"> Chi-Wei Liao</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jing%20Li"> Jing Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bor%20Kae%20Chang"> Bor Kae Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cheng-Yu%20Wang"> Cheng-Yu Wang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chemical hydride ammonia borane (AB, NH3BH3) draws attentions to hydrogen energy researches for its high theoretical gravimetrical capacity (19.6 wt%). Nevertheless, the elevated AB decomposition temperatures (Td) and unwanted byproducts are main hurdles in practical application. It was reported that the byproducts and Td can be reduced with nanoconfinement technique, in which AB molecules are confined in porous materials, such as porous carbon, zeolite, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), etc. Although nanoconfinement empirically shows effectiveness on hydrogen generation temperature reduction in AB, the theoretical mechanism is debatable. Low Td was reported in AB@IRMOF-1 (Zn4O(BDC)3, BDC = benzenedicarboxylate), where Zn atoms form closed metal clusters secondary building unit (SBU) with no exposed active sites. Other than nanosized hydride, it was also observed that catalyst addition facilitates AB decomposition in the composite of Li-catalyzed carbon CMK-3, MOF JUC-32-Y with exposed Y3+, etc. It is believed that nanosized AB is critical for lowering Td, while active sites eliminate byproducts. Nonetheless, some researchers claimed that it is the catalytic sites that are the critical factor to reduce Td, instead of the hydride size. The group physically ground AB with ZIF-8 (zeolitic imidazolate frameworks, (Zn(2-methylimidazolate)2)), and found similar reduced Td phenomenon, even though AB molecules were not ‘confined’ or forming nanoparticles by physical hand grinding. It shows the catalytic reaction, not nanoconfinement, leads to AB dehydrogenation promotion. In this research, we explored the possible criteria of hydrogen production temperature from nanoconfined AB in MOFs with different pore sizes and active sites. MOFs with metal SBU such as Zn (IRMOF), Zr (UiO), and Al (MIL-53), accompanying with various organic ligands (BDC and BPDC; BPDC = biphenyldicarboxylate) were modified with AB. Excess MOFs were used for AB size constrained in micropores estimated by revisiting Horvath-Kawazoe model. AB dissolved in methanol was added to MOFs crystalline with MOF pore volume to AB ratio 4:1, and the slurry was dried under vacuum to collect AB@MOF powders. With TPD-MS (temperature programmed desorption with mass spectroscopy), we observed Td was reduced with smaller MOF pores. For example, it was reduced from 100°C to 64°C when MOF micropore ~1 nm, while ~90°C with pore size up to 5 nm. The behavior of Td as a function of AB crystalline radius obeys thermodynamics when the Gibbs free energy of AB decomposition is zero, and no obvious correlation with metal type was observed. In conclusion, we discovered Td of AB is proportional to the reciprocal of MOF pore size, possibly stronger than the effect of active sites. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ammonia%20borane" title="ammonia borane">ammonia borane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20hydride" title=" chemical hydride"> chemical hydride</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal-organic%20framework" title=" metal-organic framework"> metal-organic framework</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoconfinement" title=" nanoconfinement"> nanoconfinement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72206/the-effect-of-metal-organic-framework-pore-size-to-hydrogen-generation-of-ammonia-borane-via-nanoconfinement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/72206.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">120</span> Mesoporous BiVO4 Thin Films as Efficient Visible Light Driven Photocatalyst</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karolina%20Ordon">Karolina Ordon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandrine%20Coste"> Sandrine Coste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Malgorzata%20Makowska-Janusik"> Malgorzata Makowska-Janusik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelhadi%20Kassiba"> Abdelhadi Kassiba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Photocatalytic processes play key role in the production of a new source of energy (as hydrogen), design of self-cleaning surfaces or for the environment preservation. The most challenging task deals with the purification of water distinguished by high efficiency. In the mentioned process, organic pollutants in solutions are decomposed to the simple, non-toxic compounds as H2O and CO2. The most known photocatalytic materials are ZnO, CdS and TiO2 semiconductors with a particular involvement of TiO2 as an efficient photocatalysts even with a high band gap equal to 3.2 eV which exploit only UV radiation from solar emitted spectrum. However, promising material with visible light induced photoactivity was searched through the monoclinic polytype of BiVO4 which has energy gap about 2.4 eV. As required in heterogeneous photocatalysis, the high contact surface is required. Also, BiVO4 as photocatalyst can be optimized by increasing its surface area by achieving the mesoporous structure synthesize. The main goal of the present work consists in the synthesis and characterization of BiVO4 mesoporous thin film. The synthesis method based on sol-gel was carried out using a standard surfactants such as P123 and F127. The thin film was deposited by spin and dip coating method. Then, the structural analysis of the obtained material was performed thanks to X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectroscopy. The surface of resulting structure was investigated using a scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The computer simulations based on modeling the optical and electronic properties of bulk BiVO4 by using DFT (density functional theory) methodology were carried out. The semiempirical parameterized method PM6 was used to compute the physical properties of BiVO4 nanostructures. The Raman and IR absorption spectra were also measured for synthesized mesoporous material, and the results were compared with the theoretical predictions. The simulations of nanostructured BiVO4 have pointed out the occurrence of quantum confinement for nanosized clusters leading to widening of the band gap. This result overcame the relevance of nanosized objects to harvest wide part of the solar spectrum. Also, a balance was searched experimentally through the mesoporous nature of the films devoted to enhancing the contact surface as required for heterogeneous catalysis without to lower the nanocrystallite size under some critical sizes inducing an increased band gap. The present contribution will discuss the relevant features of the mesoporous films with respect to their photocatalytic responses. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bismuth%20vanadate" title="bismuth vanadate">bismuth vanadate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photocatalysis" title=" photocatalysis"> photocatalysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thin%20film" title=" thin film"> thin film</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum-chemical%20calculations" title=" quantum-chemical calculations"> quantum-chemical calculations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64347/mesoporous-bivo4-thin-films-as-efficient-visible-light-driven-photocatalyst" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64347.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">119</span> Structure and Optical Properties of Potassium Doped Zinc Oxide</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lila%20A.%20Alkhattaby">Lila A. Alkhattaby</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Norah%20A.%20Alsayegh"> Norah A. Alsayegh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20S.%20Ansari"> Mohammad S. Ansari</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20O.%20Ansari"> Mohammad O. Ansari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this work, we doped zinc oxide ZnO with potassium K we have synthesized using the sol-gel method. Structural properties were depicted by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and energy distribution spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction studies confirm the nanosized of the particles and favored orientations along the (100), (002), (101), (102), (110), (103), (200), and (112) planes confirm the hexagonal wurtzite structure of ZnO NPs. The optical properties study using the UV-Vis spectroscopy. The band gap decreases from 4.05 eV to 3.88 eV, the lowest band gap at 10% doped concentration. The photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy results show two main peaks, a sharp peak at ≈ 384 nm in the UV region and a broad peak around 479 nm in the visible region. The highest intensity of the band-edge luminescence was for 2% doped concentration because of the combined effect of the decreased probability of nonradiative recombination and has better crystallinity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K%20doped%20ZnO" title="K doped ZnO">K doped ZnO</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photoluminescence%20spectroscopy" title=" photoluminescence spectroscopy"> photoluminescence spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UV-Vis%20spectroscopy" title=" UV-Vis spectroscopy"> UV-Vis spectroscopy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=x-ray%20spectroscopy" title=" x-ray spectroscopy"> x-ray spectroscopy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142665/structure-and-optical-properties-of-potassium-doped-zinc-oxide" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142665.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">240</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">118</span> Graphitic Carbon Nitride-CeO₂ Nanocomposite for Photocatalytic Degradation of Methyl Red</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khansaa%20Al-Essa">Khansaa Al-Essa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nanosized ceria (CeO₂) and graphitic carbon nitride-loaded ceria (CeO₂/GCN) nanocomposite have been synthesized by the coprecipitation method and studied its photocatalytic activity for methyl red degradation under Visible type radiation. A phase formation study was carried out by using an x-ray diffraction technique, and it revealed that ceria (CeO₂) is properly supported on the surface of GCN. Ceria nanoparticles and CeO₂/GCN nanocomposite were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy technique. The particle size of the CeO₂, CeO₂/GCN nanocomposite is in the range of 10-15 nm. Photocatalytic activity of the CeO₂/g-C3N4 composite was improved as compared to CeO₂. The enhanced photocatalytic activity is attributed to the increased visible light absorption and improved adsorption of the dye on the surface of the composite catalyst. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=photodegradation" title="photodegradation">photodegradation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dye" title=" dye"> dye</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposite" title=" nanocomposite"> nanocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=graphitic%20carbon%20nitride-CeO%E2%82%82" title=" graphitic carbon nitride-CeO₂"> graphitic carbon nitride-CeO₂</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189432/graphitic-carbon-nitride-ceo2-nanocomposite-for-photocatalytic-degradation-of-methyl-red" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/189432.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">117</span> Preparation and Characterization of Nanometric Ni-Zn Ferrite via Different Methods</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ebtesam.%20E.%20Ateia">Ebtesam. E. Ateia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20M.%20Salah"> L. M. Salah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20H.%20El-Bassuony"> A. H. El-Bassuony</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the presented study was the possibility of developing a nanosized material with enhanced structural properties that was suitable for many applications. Nanostructure ferrite of composition Ni0.5 Zn0.5 Cr0.1 Fe1.9 O4 were prepared by sol–gel, co-precipitation, citrate-gel, flash and oxalate precursor methods. The Structural and micro structural analysis of the investigated samples were carried out. It was observed that the lattice parameter of cubic spinel was constant, and the positions of both tetrahedral and the octahedral bands had a fixed position. The values of the lattice parameter had a significant role in determining the stoichiometric cation distribution of the composition.The average crystalline sizes of the investigated samples were from 16.4 to 69 nm. Discussion was made on the basis of a comparison of average crystallite size of the investigated samples, indicating that the co-precipitation method was the the effective one in producing small crystallite sized samples. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chemical%20preparation" title="chemical preparation">chemical preparation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ferrite" title=" ferrite"> ferrite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grain%20size" title="grain size">grain size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanocomposites" title=" nanocomposites"> nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sol-gel" title=" sol-gel"> sol-gel</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31002/preparation-and-characterization-of-nanometric-ni-zn-ferrite-via-different-methods" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/31002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">116</span> Improved Mechanical and Electrical Properties and Thermal Stability of Post-Consumer Polyethylene Terephthalate Glycol Containing Hybrid System of Nanofillers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iman%20Taraghi">Iman Taraghi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sandra%20Paszkiewicz"> Sandra Paszkiewicz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daria%20Pawlikowska"> Daria Pawlikowska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anna%20Szymczyk"> Anna Szymczyk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Izabela%20Irska"> Izabela Irska</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rafal%20Stanik"> Rafal Stanik</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amelia%20Linares"> Amelia Linares</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tiberio%20A.%20Ezquerra"> Tiberio A. Ezquerra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=El%C5%BCbieta%20Piesowicz"> Elżbieta Piesowicz</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Currently, the massive use of thermoplastic materials in industrial applications causes huge amounts of polymer waste. The poly (ethylene glycol-co-1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol terephthalate) (PET-G) has been widely used in food packaging and polymer foils. In this research, the PET-G foils have been recycled and reused as a matrix to combine with different types of nanofillers such as carbon nanotubes, graphene nanoplatelets, and nanosized carbon black. The mechanical and electrical properties, as well as thermal stability and thermal conductivity of the PET-G, improved along with the addition of the aforementioned nanofillers and hybrid system of them. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polymer%20hybrid%20nanocomposites" title="polymer hybrid nanocomposites">polymer hybrid nanocomposites</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20nanofillers" title=" carbon nanofillers"> carbon nanofillers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recycling" title=" recycling"> recycling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=physical%20performance" title=" physical performance"> physical performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154938/improved-mechanical-and-electrical-properties-and-thermal-stability-of-post-consumer-polyethylene-terephthalate-glycol-containing-hybrid-system-of-nanofillers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/154938.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">115</span> Structural and Optical Characterization of Silica@PbS Core–Shell Nanoparticles</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Pourahmad">A. Pourahmad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sh.%20Gharipour"> Sh. Gharipour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present work describes the preparation and characterization of nanosized SiO<sub>2</sub>@PbS core-shell particles by using a simple wet chemical route. This method utilizes silica spheres formation followed by successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction method assisted lead sulphide shell layer formation. The final product was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV–vis spectroscopic, infrared spectroscopy (IR) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) experiments. The morphological studies revealed the uniformity in size distribution with core size of 250 nm and shell thickness of 18 nm. The electron microscopic images also indicate the irregular morphology of lead sulphide shell layer. The structural studies indicate the face-centered cubic system of PbS shell with no other trace for impurities in the crystal structure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=core-shell" title="core-shell">core-shell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanostructure" title=" nanostructure"> nanostructure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiconductor" title=" semiconductor"> semiconductor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20property" title=" optical property"> optical property</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=XRD" title=" XRD"> XRD</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49520/structural-and-optical-characterization-of-silica-at-pbs-core-shell-nanoparticles" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/49520.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">299</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">114</span> Behavior of GRS Abutment Facing under Variable Cycles of Lateral Excitation through Physical Model Tests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ashutosh%20Verma">Ashutosh Verma</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Satyendra%20Mittal"> Satyendra Mittal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous geosynthetic reinforced soil (GRS) abutment failures over the years have been attributed to the loss of strength at the facing-reinforcement interface due to seasonal thermal expansion/contraction of the bridge deck. This causes excessive settlement below the bridge seat, causing bridge bumps along the approach road which reduces the design life of any abutment. Before designers while choosing the type of facing, a broad range of facing configurations are undoubtedly available. Generally speaking, these configurations can be divided into three groups: modular (panels/block), continuous, and full height rigid (FHR). The purpose of the current study is to use 1g physical model tests under serviceable cyclic lateral displacements to experimentally investigate the behaviour of these three facing classifications. To simulate field behaviour, a field instrumented GRS abutment prototype was modeled into a N scaled down 1g physical model (N = 5) with adjustable facing arrangements to represent these three facing classifications. For cyclic lateral displacement (d/H) of top facing at loading rate of 1mm/min, the peak earth pressure coefficient (K) on the facing and vertical settlement of the footing (s/B) at 25, 50, 75 and 100 cycles have been measured. For a constant footing offset of x/H = 0.1, three forms of cyclic displacements have been performed to simulate active condition (CA), passive condition (CP), and active-passive condition (CAP). The findings showed that when reinforcements are integrated into the wall along with presence of gravel gabions i.e. FHR design, a rather substantial earth pressure occurs over the facing. Despite this, the FHR facing's continuous nature works in conjunction with the reinforcements' membrane resilience to reduce footing settlement. On the other hand, the pressure over the wall is released upon lateral excitation by the relative displacement between the panels in modular facing reducing the connection strength at the interface and leading to greater settlements below footing. On the contrary, continuous facing do not exhibit relative displacement along the depth of facing rather fails through rotation about the base, which extends the zone of active failure in the backfill leading to large depressions in the backfill region around the bridge seat. Conservatively, FHR facing shows relatively stable responses under lateral cyclic excitations as compared to modular or continuous type of abutment facing. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GRS%20abutments" title="GRS abutments">GRS abutments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=1g%20physical%20model" title=" 1g physical model"> 1g physical model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=full%20height%20rigid" title=" full height rigid"> full height rigid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20lateral%20displacement" title=" cyclic lateral displacement"> cyclic lateral displacement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167801/behavior-of-grs-abutment-facing-under-variable-cycles-of-lateral-excitation-through-physical-model-tests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/167801.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiC%20nano-sized%20reinforcements&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiC%20nano-sized%20reinforcements&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SiC%20nano-sized%20reinforcements&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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