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Griffin Brothers - Wikipedia

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searchaux" style="display:none">American R&amp;B band</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard plainlist"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de; font-size: 125%;"><div class="">The Griffin Brothers</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Also known as</span></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">The Griffin Brothers Orchestra</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, US</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Genres</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">Rhythm and blues</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Years active</span></th><td class="infobox-data">1940s–1954</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Labels</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ekko_Records" title="Ekko Records">Ekko</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dot_Records" title="Dot Records">Dot</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122;background-color: #b0c4de"></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Past members</span></th><td class="infobox-data">Jimmy Griffin<br />"Buddy" Griffin<br />Wilbur Dyer<br />Virgil Wilson<br />Jimmy Reeves<br />Emmett "Nab" Shields<br /><a href="/wiki/Noble_%22Thin_Man%22_Watts" title="Noble &quot;Thin Man&quot; Watts">Noble "Thin Man" Watts</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Little" title="Wilbur Little">Wilbur Little</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sticks_Evans" title="Sticks Evans">Belton Evans</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>The Griffin Brothers</b> were an <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">American</a> <a href="/wiki/Rhythm_and_blues" title="Rhythm and blues">rhythm and blues</a> band from <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, sometimes credited on record as the <b>Griffin Brothers Orchestra</b>. They made successful recordings with singer <a href="/wiki/Margie_Day" title="Margie Day">Margie Day</a>, and had a no.1 hit on the <i><a href="/wiki/Billboard_(magazine)" title="Billboard (magazine)">Billboard</a></i> <a href="/wiki/R%26B_chart" class="mw-redirect" title="R&amp;B chart">R&amp;B chart</a> in 1951 with "Weepin' and Cryin'", featuring <a href="/wiki/Tommy_Brown_(singer)" title="Tommy Brown (singer)">Tommy Brown</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griffin_Brothers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The group was formed by brothers <b>Jimmy</b> (born James Rudolph Griffin, <a href="/wiki/Norfolk,_Virginia" title="Norfolk, Virginia">Norfolk, Virginia</a>, November 26, 1921&#8211;November 14, 2000)<sup id="cite_ref-bare_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bare-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> and <b>"Buddy" Griffin</b> (born Edward Elijah Griffin, <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_City,_North_Carolina" title="Elizabeth City, North Carolina">Elizabeth City, North Carolina</a>, October 5, 1919&#8211;October 22, 1981).<sup id="cite_ref-regional_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regional-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1920, the family lived in Norfolk, Virginia.<sup id="cite_ref-regional_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regional-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Both Jimmy and Buddy studied music at the <a href="/wiki/Juilliard_School" title="Juilliard School">Juilliard School</a>. Jimmy played trombone, and Buddy played piano. The band was completed by Wilbur Dyer (alto saxophone), Virgil Wilson (tenor saxophone), Jimmy Reeves (bass), and Emmett "Nab" Shields (drums). In the late 1940s they played local clubs in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, as well as <a href="/wiki/Virginia" title="Virginia">Virginia</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Carolina" title="North Carolina">North Carolina</a>, and added a singer, Margie Day. In early 1950 the band recorded as back-up to <a href="/wiki/Roy_Brown_(blues_musician)" title="Roy Brown (blues musician)">Roy Brown</a> on the session for DeLuxe Records that yielded his no.1 R&amp;B hit, "<a href="/wiki/Hard_Luck_Blues" title="Hard Luck Blues">Hard Luck Blues</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marion_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Local music promoter Lillian Clairborne won them a recording contract with the newly formed <a href="/wiki/Dot_Records" title="Dot Records">Dot Records</a>, established by <a href="/wiki/Randy_Wood_(record_producer)" title="Randy Wood (record producer)">Randy Wood</a>. Their first record, credited to Margie Day with the Griffin Brothers Orchestra, "Street Walkin' Daddy" / "Riffin' With Griffin", became a no.7 hit on the <i>Billboard</i> R&amp;B chart in late 1950, with sales reportedly reaching over 15 thousand a week.<sup id="cite_ref-JammUp_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-JammUp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The follow-up record, "<a href="/wiki/Little_Red_Rooster" title="Little Red Rooster">Little Red Rooster</a>", not directly related to the <a href="/wiki/Willie_Dixon" title="Willie Dixon">Willie Dixon</a> song but drawing on the same folk traditions, reached no.5 on the R&amp;B chart in early 1951. Wilson, Reeves and Shields were replaced by <a href="/wiki/Noble_%22Thin_Man%22_Watts" title="Noble &quot;Thin Man&quot; Watts">Noble "Thin Man" Watts</a> (tenor sax), <a href="/wiki/Wilbur_Little" title="Wilbur Little">Wilbur Little</a> (bass), and <a href="/wiki/Sticks_Evans" title="Sticks Evans">Belton Evans</a> (drums).<sup id="cite_ref-whitburnr&amp;b_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitburnr&amp;b-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The Griffin Brothers toured widely in 1951 and 1952 with <a href="/wiki/Amos_Milburn" title="Amos Milburn">Amos Milburn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Williams_(saxophonist)" title="Paul Williams (saxophonist)">Paul Williams</a> and others, and continued to record both with Margie Day, and with singer Tommy Brown. They had two R&amp;B hits with Brown, "Tra-La-La" which reached no.7, and "Weepin' and Cryin'" which reached no.1 in January 1952.<sup id="cite_ref-whitburnr&amp;b_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-whitburnr&amp;b-6"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-marion_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-marion-4"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Day left the band for a solo career in late 1952, and was replaced on some appearances by Claudia Swann (née Swanson). The Griffin Brothers continued to tour with such artistes as <a href="/wiki/The_Orioles" title="The Orioles">The Orioles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chuck_Willis" title="Chuck Willis">Chuck Willis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Faye_Adams" title="Faye Adams">Faye Adams</a>, and recorded for the Dot label until early 1954 when their contract ended and Jimmy Griffin left to form his own band.<sup id="cite_ref-chess_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chess-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> He later recorded briefly and unsuccessfully for <a href="/wiki/Atco_Records" title="Atco Records">Atco Records</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-allmusic_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-allmusic-3"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p><p>Buddy Griffin signed for <a href="/wiki/Chess_Records" title="Chess Records">Chess Records</a> in <a href="/wiki/Chicago" title="Chicago">Chicago</a>, and had a minor R&amp;B hit in 1955, "I Wanna Hug Ya, Kiss Ya, Squeeze Ya", with Claudia Swann, credited as <b>Buddy &amp; Claudia</b> with the Buddy Griffin Orchestra.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> The band members were "Silly Willie" Wilson (trombone), Chuck Reeves (alto and baritone saxes), Earl Swanson (tenor sax), Lawrence Burgan (bass), and Courtney Brooks (drums). Later recordings were credited to Buddy Griffin and Claudia Swann, and some featured <a href="/wiki/The_Moonglows" title="The Moonglows">The Moonglows</a> as backing vocalists.<sup id="cite_ref-chess_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chess-7"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> Buddy Griffin and his wife, Kaye worked in <a href="/wiki/Real_estate" title="Real estate">real estate</a> in <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a> for thirty years before his death in 1981.<sup id="cite_ref-regional_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-regional-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Griffin_Brothers&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-bare-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bare_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFEagleLeBlanc2013" class="citation book cs1">Eagle, Bob; LeBlanc, Eric S. (2013). <i>Blues - A Regional Experience</i>. Santa Barbara: Praeger Publishers. p.&#160;338. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a>&#160;<a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0313344237" title="Special:BookSources/978-0313344237"><bdi>978-0313344237</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Blues+-+A+Regional+Experience&amp;rft.place=Santa+Barbara&amp;rft.pages=338&amp;rft.pub=Praeger+Publishers&amp;rft.date=2013&amp;rft.isbn=978-0313344237&amp;rft.aulast=Eagle&amp;rft.aufirst=Bob&amp;rft.au=LeBlanc%2C+Eric+S.&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriffin+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-regional-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-regional_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regional_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-regional_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Eagle and Leblanc, <i>Blues - A Regional Experience</i>, p.331</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-allmusic-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-allmusic_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/artist/the-griffin-brothers-mn0000261646">Biography by Rovi at Allmusic.com</a>. Retrieved 30 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-marion-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-marion_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-marion_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.earthlink.net/~jaymar41/combotwo.html">J.C.Marion, <i>Griffin Brothers</i></a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">&#91;<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title="&#160;Dead link tagged June 2024">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">&#8205;</span>&#93;</span></sup>. Retrieved 30 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-JammUp-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-JammUp_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131013020059/http://home.earthlink.net/~v1tiger/mday.html">"Blues All Alone: Margie Day, by J.C. Marion, at JammUp #40"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.earthlink.net/~v1tiger/mday.html">the original</a> on 2013-10-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-06-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=unknown&amp;rft.btitle=Blues+All+Alone%3A+Margie+Day%2C+by+J.C.+Marion%2C+at+JammUp+%2340&amp;rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhome.earthlink.net%2F~v1tiger%2Fmday.html&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriffin+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-whitburnr&amp;b-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-whitburnr&amp;b_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-whitburnr&amp;b_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitburn2004" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joel_Whitburn" title="Joel Whitburn">Whitburn, Joel</a> (2004). <i>Top R&amp;B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004</i>. Record Research. p.&#160;177.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&amp;rft.genre=book&amp;rft.btitle=Top+R%26B%2FHip-Hop+Singles%3A+1942-2004&amp;rft.pages=177&amp;rft.pub=Record+Research&amp;rft.date=2004&amp;rft.aulast=Whitburn&amp;rft.aufirst=Joel&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGriffin+Brothers" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chess-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chess_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chess_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://campber.people.clemson.edu/chess2.html">George R. White, Robert L. Campbell, and Tom Kelly, <i>The Chess Label Part II (1953-1955)</i></a>. Campber.people.clemson.edu, Retrieved 30 June 2013</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Joel Whitburn, <i>Top R&amp;B/Hip-Hop Singles: 1942-2004</i>, p.57</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000101053612">ISNI</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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