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Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/1_%E1%88%BB%E1%88%9D%E1%88%BA-%E1%8A%A0%E1%8B%B3%E1%8B%B5" title="1 ሻምሺ-አዳድ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="1 ሻምሺ-አዳድ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%8A_%D8%A3%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D9%88%D9%84" title="شمشي أدد الأول – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شمشي أدد الأول" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xamxi-Adad_I" title="Xamxi-Adad I – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Xamxi-Adad I" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0am%C5%A1i-Adad_I." title="Šamši-Adad I. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Šamši-Adad I." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0am%C5%A1i-Adad_I." title="Šamši-Adad I. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Šamši-Adad I." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BC%CF%83%CE%AF_%CE%91%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84_%CE%91%CE%84" title="Σαμσί Αντάντ Α΄ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σαμσί Αντάντ Α΄" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamshiadad_I" title="Shamshiadad I – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Shamshiadad I" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4%DB%8C-%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF_%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%85" title="شمشی-ادد یکم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="شمشی-ادد یکم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsi-Addu" title="Samsi-Addu – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Samsi-Addu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%87%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B7%D5%AB-%D4%B1%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%A4_I" title="Շամշի-Ադադ I – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Շամշի-Ադադ I" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0am%C5%A1i-Adad_I." title="Šamši-Adad I. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Šamši-Adad I." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_I" title="Shamshi-Adad I – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Shamshi-Adad I" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_I" title="Shamshi-Adad I – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Shamshi-Adad I" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A9%D7%9E%D7%A9%D7%99-%D7%90%D7%93%D7%93_%D7%94%D7%A8%D7%90%D7%A9%D7%95%D7%9F" title="שמשי-אדד הראשון – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="שמשי-אדד הראשון" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A8%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%90%E1%83%93_I" title="შამშიადად I – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="შამშიადად I" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._Samsi-Adad" title="I. Samsi-Adad – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. Samsi-Adad" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%85%D8%B4%D9%89_%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%AF_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%84" title="شمشى ادد الاول – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شمشى ادد الاول" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamsji-adad_I" title="Sjamsji-adad I – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Sjamsji-adad I" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A3%E3%83%A0%E3%82%B7%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A2%E3%83%80%E3%83%891%E4%B8%96" title="シャムシ・アダド1世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シャムシ・アダド1世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sjamsi-Adad_I" title="Sjamsi-Adad I – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Sjamsi-Adad I" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsi-Addu" title="Samsi-Addu – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Samsi-Addu" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Szamszi-Adad_I" title="Szamszi-Adad I – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Szamszi-Adad I" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samsiadade_I" title="Samsiadade I – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Samsiadade I" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4_I" title="Шамши-Адад I – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Шамши-Адад I" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0am%C5%A1i-Adad_I." title="Šamši-Adad I. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Šamši-Adad I." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D0%B8_%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4_I" title="Шамши Адад I – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Шамши Адад I" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0am%C5%A1i-Adad_I" title="Šamši-Adad I – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Šamši-Adad I" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0am%C5%A1i-Adad_I" title="Šamši-Adad I – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Šamši-Adad I" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamshi-Adad_I" title="Shamshi-Adad I – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Shamshi-Adad I" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._%C5%9Eam%C5%9Fi-Ahad" title="I. Şamşi-Ahad – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="I. Şamşi-Ahad" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%BC%D1%88%D1%96-%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%B4_I" title="Шамші-Адад I – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Шамші-Адад I" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B2%99%E5%A7%86%E5%B8%8C%E9%98%BF%E8%BE%BE%E5%BE%B7%E4%B8%80%E4%B8%96" title="沙姆希阿达德一世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="沙姆希阿达德一世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Amorite conqueror (r. 1808–1776 BC)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn" style="background-color: #cbe; color:inherit; font-size: 125%">Shamshi-Adad I</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><i><a href="/wiki/King_of_the_Universe" title="King of the Universe">King of the Universe</a><br />Pacifier of the Land between <a href="/wiki/Tigris" title="Tigris">Tigris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euphrates" title="Euphrates">Euphrates</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Shamshi-Adad_I.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shamshi-Adad_I.png/220px-Shamshi-Adad_I.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shamshi-Adad_I.png/330px-Shamshi-Adad_I.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Shamshi-Adad_I.png/440px-Shamshi-Adad_I.png 2x" data-file-width="1352" data-file-height="711" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="line-height:normal;padding-bottom:0.2em;padding-top:0.2em;">Line-drawing of an incomplete seal of Shamshi-Adad I (𒀭𒌓𒅆𒀭𒅎 - <sup><a href="/wiki/DINGIR" class="mw-redirect" title="DINGIR">d</a></sup>UTU.ši-<sup>d</sup><a href="/wiki/Hadad" title="Hadad">IM</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;">King of Upper Mesopotamia</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reign</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1808–1776 BC<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_I" title="Ishme-Dagan I">Ishme-Dagan I</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Assur" title="Assur">Assur</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ekallatum" title="Ekallatum">Ekallatum</a>)</small><br /><a href="/wiki/Yasmah-Adad" title="Yasmah-Adad">Yasmah-Adad</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a>)</small></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #e4dcf6;color:inherit;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="height: 4px; width:100%;"></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data"><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1776 BC<br /><a href="/wiki/Tell_Leilan" title="Tell Leilan">Šubat-Enlil</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Akkadian</th><td class="infobox-data">Šamši-Adad</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amorite</th><td class="infobox-data">Shamshi-Addu</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ila-kabkabu" title="Ila-kabkabu">Ila-kabkabu</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Shamshi-Adad</b> (<a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a>: <i lang="akk">Šamši-Adad</i>; <a href="/wiki/Amorite_language" title="Amorite language">Amorite</a>: <i>Shamshi-Addu</i>), ruled <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1808–1776 BC, was an <a href="/wiki/Amorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite">Amorite</a> <a href="/wiki/Warlord" title="Warlord">warlord</a> and conqueror who had conquered lands across much of <a href="/wiki/Syria" title="Syria">Syria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rice_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rice-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His capital was originally at <a href="/wiki/Ekallatum" title="Ekallatum">Ekallatum</a> and later moved to <a href="/wiki/Tell_Leilan" title="Tell Leilan">Šubat-Enlil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise">Rise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Rise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Third_Mari.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Third_Mari.png/256px-Third_Mari.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="197" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Third_Mari.png/384px-Third_Mari.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Third_Mari.png/512px-Third_Mari.png 2x" data-file-width="1324" data-file-height="1020" /></a><figcaption>A map of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a> showing the geopolitical situation around the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia (light brown) near contemporary <a href="/wiki/Great_powers" class="mw-redirect" title="Great powers">great powers</a> such as: <a href="/wiki/Eshnunna" title="Eshnunna">Eshnunna</a> (light blue), <a href="/wiki/Yamhad" title="Yamhad">Yamhad</a> (dark blue), <a href="/wiki/Qatna" title="Qatna">Qatna</a> (dark brown), the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="First Dynasty of Babylon">First Dynasty of Babylon</a> (yellow), and the Third Mariote Kingdom (shortly before the conquest of the long-abandoned town of <a href="/wiki/Tell_Leilan" title="Tell Leilan">Šubat-Enlil</a> c. 1808 BC by the <a href="/wiki/Amorite" class="mw-redirect" title="Amorite">Amorite</a> conqueror Šamši-Adad I.)</figcaption></figure> <p>Shamshi-Adad I inherited the throne in <a href="/wiki/Ekallatum" title="Ekallatum">Ekallatum</a> from <a href="/wiki/Ila-kabkabu" title="Ila-kabkabu">Ila-kabkabu</a> (fl. c. 1836 BC – c. 1833 BC). Ila-kabkabu is mentioned as the father of Shamshi-Adad I in the "<a href="/wiki/Assyrian_King_List" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian King List">Assyrian King List</a>" (AKL);<sup id="cite_ref-Glassner1_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glassner1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a similar name (not necessarily the same figure) is listed in the preceding section of the AKL among the “kings whose fathers are known”.<sup id="cite_ref-Glassner1_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glassner1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Shamshi-Adad I did not inherit the Assyrian throne from his father but was instead a conqueror. Ila-kabkabu had been an Amorite king not of <a href="/wiki/Assur" title="Assur">Assur</a> (Aššur) (in <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>) but of Ekallatum. According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Mari_Eponym_Chronicle" title="Mari Eponym Chronicle">Mari Eponyms Chronicle</a></i>, Ila-kabkabu seized Shuprum (c. 1790 BC), then Shamshi-Adad I “entered his father's house” (Shamshi-Adad I succeeded Ila-kabkabu as the king of Ekallatum, in the following year.)<sup id="cite_ref-Glassner1_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glassner1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup>:163</sup> Šamši-Adad I had been forced to flee to <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a> (c. 1823 BC) while <a href="/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Eshnunna" title="Naram-Sin of Eshnunna">Narām-Sîn of Eshnunna</a> (fl. c. 1850 BC – c. 1816 BC) had attacked <a href="/wiki/Ekallatum" title="Ekallatum">Ekallatum</a>. Shamshi-Adad I had remained in exile until the death of Naram-Sin of Eshnunna (c. 1816 BC.) The AKL records that Shamshi-Adad I "went away to <a href="/wiki/Babylonia" title="Babylonia">Babylonia</a> in the time of Naram-Sin". Shamshi-Adad I did not return until retaking Ekallatum, pausing for some time, and then overthrowing King <a href="/wiki/Erishum_II" title="Erishum II">Erishum II</a> of Assur (fl. c. 1818 BC – c. 1809 BC) Shamshi-Adad I conquered Assur and emerged as the first Amorite king of Assyria (c. 1808 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-Mieroop_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mieroop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Although regarded as an Amorite by later Assyrian tradition, earlier archaeologists assumed that Shamshi-Adad I had indeed been a native Assyrian. Usha was the second last in the section "kings who lived in tents" of the AKL, however; Ushpia has not been confirmed by contemporary artifacts. Ushpia is succeeded on the AKL by his son <a href="/wiki/Apiashal" title="Apiashal">Apiashal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Roux_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Roux-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apiashal was a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Assyrian_kings" title="List of Assyrian kings">monarch</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Early_Period_of_Assyria" class="mw-redirect" title="Early Period of Assyria">Early Period of Assyria</a>, according to the AKL.<sup id="cite_ref-Glassner1_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glassner1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apiashal is listed within the section of the AKL as the last of whom "altogether seventeen kings, tent dwellers".<sup id="cite_ref-Glassner1_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Glassner1-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Bruno_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruno-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This section shows marked similarities to the ancestors of the <a href="/wiki/First_Babylonian_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="First Babylonian dynasty">First Babylonian dynasty</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bruno_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bruno-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Apiashal is also listed within a section of the AKL as the first of the ten "kings whose fathers are known". This section (which in contrast to the rest of the list) had been written in reverse order—beginning with <a href="/wiki/Aminu_(Assyrian_king)" title="Aminu (Assyrian king)">Aminu</a> and ending with Apiashal "altogether ten kings who are ancestors"—has often been interpreted as the list of ancestors of Shamshi-Adad I. In keeping with this assumption, scholars have inferred that the original form of the AKL had been written (among other things) as an "attempt to justify that Shamshi-Adad I was a legitimate ruler of the city-state Assur and to obscure his non-Assyrian antecedents by incorporating his ancestors into a native Assyrian genealogy". However, this interpretation has not been accepted universally; the <i><a href="/wiki/Cambridge_Ancient_History" class="mw-redirect" title="Cambridge Ancient History">Cambridge Ancient History</a></i> rejected this interpretation and instead interpreted the section as being that of the ancestors of <a href="/wiki/Sulili" title="Sulili">Sulili</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hildegard_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hildegard-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the city-state Assur, Shamshi-Adad I held the title "Governor of Assur". Stone tablets with <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian</a> inscriptions (formatted in three columns and one hundred and thirty-five lines, from Shamshi-Adad I) have been found near the temple of the god <a href="/wiki/Ashur_(god)" title="Ashur (god)">Assur</a>. Many bricks and objects inside the temple have the inscription "Shamshi-Adad I, Builder of the Temple of Assur" carved into them. In this inscription he claimed to have been "King of the Universe" and "Unifier of the Land Between <a href="/wiki/Tigris_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Tigris River">Tigris</a> and <a href="/wiki/Euphrates_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphrates River">Euphrates</a>". He asserted that the king of the Upper Land had paid tribute to him and that he had built the temple of <a href="/wiki/Enlil" title="Enlil">Enlil</a>. He outlined the market prices of that time as being one <a href="/wiki/Shekel" title="Shekel">shekel</a> of silver being worth two <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Mesopotamian_units_of_measurement" title="Ancient Mesopotamian units of measurement">kor(gur-cube)s</a> of barley, fifteen <a href="/wiki/Mina_(unit)" title="Mina (unit)">minas</a> of wool, or two <a href="/wiki/Seah_(unit)" title="Seah (unit)">seahs</a> of oil. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Conquests">Conquests</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Conquests"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Raid_of_Shamshi-Adad_I_to_the_great_sea.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Raid_of_Shamshi-Adad_I_to_the_great_sea.png/220px-Raid_of_Shamshi-Adad_I_to_the_great_sea.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Raid_of_Shamshi-Adad_I_to_the_great_sea.png/330px-Raid_of_Shamshi-Adad_I_to_the_great_sea.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Raid_of_Shamshi-Adad_I_to_the_great_sea.png/440px-Raid_of_Shamshi-Adad_I_to_the_great_sea.png 2x" data-file-width="1128" data-file-height="836" /></a><figcaption>Shamshi-Adad I and his armies reach the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, as envisaged by artist A. C. Weatherstone.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shamshi-Adad I took over the long-abandoned town of Shekhna (today known as <a href="/wiki/Tell_Leilan" title="Tell Leilan">Tell Leilan</a>), converted it into the capital city of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Upper_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia">Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia</a>, and then renamed it Šubat-Enlil (meaning "the residence of the god Enlil" in the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_language" title="Akkadian language">Akkadian language</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> c. 1808 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During his reign, the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia competed for power in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Mesopotamia" title="Lower Mesopotamia">Lower Mesopotamia</a> against: King <a href="/wiki/Naram-Sin_of_Eshnunna" title="Naram-Sin of Eshnunna">Naram-Sin of Eshnunna</a> (who died c. 1816 BC), Naram-Sin's successors, and <a href="/wiki/Yahdun-Lim" title="Yahdun-Lim">Yahdun-Lim</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mari,_Syria" title="Mari, Syria">Mari</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A main target for expansion was the city of Mari, which controlled the caravan route between <a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a> and Mesopotamia. King Yahdun-Lim of Mari (fl. c. 1800 BC – c. 1700 BC) was assassinated by his own servants (possibly on Shamshi-Adad I's orders.) The heir to the throne of Mari, <a href="/wiki/Zimri-Lim" title="Zimri-Lim">Zimri-Lim</a>, was forced to flee to <a href="/wiki/Yamhad" title="Yamhad">Yamhad</a>. Shamshi-Adad I seized the opportunity and occupied Mari c. 1796 BC. He placed his sons (<a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_I" title="Ishme-Dagan I">Ishme-Dagan I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yasmah-Adad" title="Yasmah-Adad">Yasmah-Adad</a>) in key geographical locations and gave them responsibility to look over those areas. Shamshi-Adad I put his eldest son (Ishme-Dagan I) on the throne of <a href="/wiki/Ekallatum" title="Ekallatum">Ekallatum</a>, while Shamshi-Adad I remained in Šubat-Enlil. Shamshi-Adad I put his second son, Yasmah-Adad, on the throne in Mari.<sup id="cite_ref-Mieroop_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mieroop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> With the annexation of Mari, Shamshi-Adad I had carved out a large empire<sup id="cite_ref-Rice_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rice-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> encompassing much of Syria, Anatolia, and the whole of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Mesopotamia" title="Upper Mesopotamia">Upper Mesopotamia</a> (this empire often referred to as either the "<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Upper_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia">Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia</a>" or the "Upper Mesopotamian Empire".) Shamshi-Adad I proclaimed himself as "King of All" (the title had been used by <a href="/wiki/Sargon_of_Akkad" title="Sargon of Akkad">Sargon</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Akkadian_Empire" title="Akkadian Empire">Akkadian Empire</a> c. 2334 BC – c. 2279 BC). </p><p>King <a href="/wiki/Dadusha" title="Dadusha">Dadusha</a> of <a href="/wiki/Eshnunna" title="Eshnunna">Eshnunna</a> (fl. c. 1800 BC – c. 1779 BC), made an alliance with Shamshi-Adad I to conquer the area between the two <a href="/wiki/Zab_River_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Zab River (disambiguation)">Zab rivers</a> c. 1781 BC. This military campaign of joint forces was commemorated on a victory stele which states that Dadusha gave the lands to Shamshi-Adad I. Shamshi-Adad I later turned against Dadusha by attacking cities including <a href="/wiki/Shaduppum" title="Shaduppum">Shaduppum</a>, Nerebtum and <a href="/wiki/Andarig" title="Andarig">Andarig</a>. On inscriptions Shamshi-Adad I boasts of erecting triumphal <a href="/wiki/Stelae" class="mw-redirect" title="Stelae">stelae</a> on the coast of the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean Sea</a>, but these probably represent short expeditions rather than any attempts at conquest. His campaigns were meticulously planned, and his army knew all the classic methods of <a href="/wiki/Siegecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="Siegecraft">siegecraft</a>, such as encircling ramparts and battering rams. The 5th year name of Dadusha's son and successor, <a href="/wiki/Ibal-pi-el_II" title="Ibal-pi-el II">Ibal-pi-el II</a> records the death of Shamshi-Adad.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family">Family</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Family"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Ishme-Dagan_I" title="Ishme-Dagan I">Ishme-Dagan I</a> and <a href="/wiki/Yasmah-Adad" title="Yasmah-Adad">Yasmah-Adad</a></div> <p>While Ishme-Dagan I was probably a competent ruler, his brother Yasmah-Adad appears to have been a man of weak character; something the disappointed father (Shamshi-Adad I) was not above mentioning: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"Are you a child, not a man, have you no beard on your chin?"</p></blockquote> <p>Shamshi-Adad I wrote in another letter: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"While here your brother is victorious, down there you lie about among the women."</p></blockquote> <p>Shamshi-Adad I clearly kept a firm control on the actions of his sons, as shown in his many letters to them. At one point he arranged a political marriage between Yasmah-Adad to Beltum, the princess of his ally in <a href="/wiki/Qatna" title="Qatna">Qatna</a>. Yasmah-Adad already had a leading wife and had put Beltum in a secondary position of power. Shamshi-Adad I did not approve and forced his son to keep Beltum in the palace in a leading position.<sup id="cite_ref-Mieroop_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mieroop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shamshi-Adad I sent a letter on a tablet to <a href="/wiki/Ishi-Addu" title="Ishi-Addu">Ishi-Addu</a> (Beltum's father, the King of Qatna) in which he discussed their alliance, the attacks of their enemies, and the successful marriage between their children. In it Shamshi-Adad I wrote: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>"I heard that you gladly dispatched my daughter-in-law on a safe way back to me, that you treated my servants when they stayed with you well, and that they were not hindered at all. My heart is very happy."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Shamshi-Adad I was a great organizer and he kept firm controls on all matters of state, from high policy down to the appointing of officials and the dispatching of provisions. Spies and propaganda were often used to win over rival cities. He allowed conquered territories to maintain some of their earlier practices. In <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a> he used state resources to rebuild the <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a> temple. The local rulers of the city <a href="/wiki/Qattara" class="mw-redirect" title="Qattara">Qattara</a> maintained authority (but became <a href="/wiki/Vassal_states" class="mw-redirect" title="Vassal states">vassals</a>) when they were incorporated into the Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia. User of these Assyrian <a href="/wiki/Eponym_dating_system" title="Eponym dating system">Eponym dating system</a> was enforced throughout the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Upper_Mesopotamia" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia">Kingdom of Upper Mesopotamia</a> in cities such as: Mari, <a href="/wiki/Tuttul" title="Tuttul">Tuttul</a>, <a href="/wiki/Terqa" title="Terqa">Terqa</a>, and the capital city <a href="/wiki/Tell_Leilan" title="Tell Leilan">Šubat-Enlil</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Mieroop_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mieroop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fall">Fall</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Fall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Yamhad_and_Vassals.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yamhad_and_Vassals.png/256px-Yamhad_and_Vassals.png" decoding="async" width="256" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yamhad_and_Vassals.png/384px-Yamhad_and_Vassals.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Yamhad_and_Vassals.png/512px-Yamhad_and_Vassals.png 2x" data-file-width="1325" data-file-height="1052" /></a><figcaption>A map of the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Near_East" title="Ancient Near East">Ancient Near East</a> showing the geopolitical situation around Assyria near contemporary great powers such as: <a href="/wiki/Yamhad" title="Yamhad">Yamhad</a> (dark blue) and <a href="/wiki/Qatna" title="Qatna">Qatna</a> (dark brown), after the conquests of <a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a> of the <a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Babylon" class="mw-redirect" title="First Dynasty of Babylon">First Dynasty of Babylon</a> (green) c. 1750 BC.</figcaption></figure> <p>Shamshi-Adad I continued to strengthen his kingdom throughout his life, but as he got older, the state became more vulnerable and the neighboring great powers <a href="/wiki/Yamkhad" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamkhad">Yamkhad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eshnunna" title="Eshnunna">Eshnunna</a> began attacking. The empire lacked cohesion and was in a vulnerable geographical position. Naturally, Shamshi-Adad I's rise to glory earned him the envy of neighboring kings and tribes, and throughout his reign, he and his sons faced several threats to their control. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the death of Shamshi-Adad I, Eshnunna captured cities around Assur.<sup id="cite_ref-Mieroop_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mieroop-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the news of Shamshi-Adad I's death spread, his old rivals set out to topple his sons from the throne. <a href="/wiki/Yasmah-Adad" title="Yasmah-Adad">Yasmah-Adad</a> was soon expelled from Mari by <a href="/wiki/Zimri-Lim" title="Zimri-Lim">Zimri-Lim</a> (fl. c. 1775 BC – c. 1761 BC), and the rest of the empire was eventually lost during the reigns of Išme-Dagān I and <a href="/wiki/Mut-Ashkur" title="Mut-Ashkur">Mut-Ashkur</a>, first to a coalition of Mari, Andarig, and Eshnunna, then to another Amorite ruler, <a href="/wiki/Hammurabi" title="Hammurabi">Hammurabi</a> of Babylon (fl. c. 1792 BC – c. 1750 BC)<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Assyrian_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of the Assyrian Empire">Timeline of the Assyrian Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chronology_of_the_ancient_Near_East" title="Chronology of the ancient Near East">Chronology of the ancient Near East</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFVeenhof2017" class="citation book cs1">Veenhof, Klaas R. (2017). "The Old Assyrian Period (20th–18th century BCE)". In E. Frahm (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nhsmDwAAQBAJ"><i>A Companion to Assyria</i></a>. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1118325247" title="Special:BookSources/978-1118325247"><bdi>978-1118325247</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Old+Assyrian+Period+%2820th%E2%80%9318th+century+BCE%29&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+Assyria&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1118325247&rft.aulast=Veenhof&rft.aufirst=Klaas+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnhsmDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChen2020" class="citation book cs1">Chen, Fei (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://brill.com/view/book/9789004430921/back-1.xml?body=fullhtml-43184">"Appendix I: A List of Assyrian Kings"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=N3znDwAAQBAJ"><i>Study on the Synchronistic King List from Ashur</i></a>. Leiden: BRILL. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-9004430914" title="Special:BookSources/978-9004430914"><bdi>978-9004430914</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+I%3A+A+List+of+Assyrian+Kings&rft.btitle=Study+on+the+Synchronistic+King+List+from+Ashur&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-9004430914&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.aufirst=Fei&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbrill.com%2Fview%2Fbook%2F9789004430921%2Fback-1.xml%3Fbody%3Dfullhtml-43184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rice-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rice_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rice_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Some of the Mari letters addressed to Shamsi-Adad by his son can be found in the Mari Letters section of <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShaika_Haya_Ali_Al_Khalifa_and_Michael_Rice1986" class="citation book cs1">Shaika Haya Ali Al Khalifa and Michael Rice (1986). <i>Bahrain through the Ages</i>. KPI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7103-0112-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7103-0112-X"><bdi>0-7103-0112-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bahrain+through+the+Ages&rft.pub=KPI&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-7103-0112-X&rft.au=Shaika+Haya+Ali+Al+Khalifa+and+Michael+Rice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://hal.science/hal-04379401v1/file/Ziegler-Otto-2023_BBVO-30_Ekallatum.pdf">[1]</a>Ziegler, Nele, and Adelheid Otto, "Ekallatum, Samsi-Addu’s capital city, localised", Entre les fleuves–III. On the Way in Upper Mesopotamia: Travels, Routes and Environment as Basis for the Reconstruction of Historical Geography 30, pp. 221-252, 2023</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Glassner1-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Glassner1_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glassner1_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glassner1_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glassner1_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Glassner1_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGlassner2004" class="citation book cs1">Glassner, Jean-Jacques (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1i5b6STWnroC"><i>Mesopotamian Chronicles</i></a>. Society of Biblical Literature. p. 137. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1589830903" title="Special:BookSources/1589830903"><bdi>1589830903</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mesopotamian+Chronicles&rft.pages=137&rft.pub=Society+of+Biblical+Literature&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=1589830903&rft.aulast=Glassner&rft.aufirst=Jean-Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1i5b6STWnroC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mieroop-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mieroop_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mieroop_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mieroop_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mieroop_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mieroop_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_De_Mieroop2004" class="citation book cs1">Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). <i>A History of the Ancient Near East ca. 3000-323 BC</i> (2nd ed.). Blackwell Publishing. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405149112" title="Special:BookSources/9781405149112"><bdi>9781405149112</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Ancient+Near+East+ca.+3000-323+BC&rft.pages=107&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405149112&rft.aulast=Van+De+Mieroop&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Roux-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Roux_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoux1993" class="citation book cs1">Roux, Georges (March 1993). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/ancientiraq00roux"><i>Ancient Iraq</i></a></span>. Penguin Books Limited (published Aug 27, 1992). <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0140125238" title="Special:BookSources/978-0140125238"><bdi>978-0140125238</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Iraq&rft.pub=Penguin+Books+Limited&rft.date=1993-03&rft.isbn=978-0140125238&rft.aulast=Roux&rft.aufirst=Georges&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fancientiraq00roux&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bruno-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bruno_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bruno_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeissner1990" class="citation book cs1">Meissner, Bruno (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=OIeiZaIo91IC"><i>Reallexikon der Assyriologie</i></a>. Vol. 6. Berlin: Walter de Gruyter. p. 103. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3110100517" title="Special:BookSources/3110100517"><bdi>3110100517</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reallexikon+der+Assyriologie&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=103&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=3110100517&rft.aulast=Meissner&rft.aufirst=Bruno&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DOIeiZaIo91IC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hildegard-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Hildegard_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hildegard Levy, "Assyria c. 2600-1816 BC", <i>Cambridge Ancient History. Volume 1, Part 2: Early History of the Middle East</i>, 729-770, p. 745-746.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Harvey Weiss, Tell Leilan and Shubat Enlil, Mari, Annales de Recherches Interdisciplinaires, vol. 4, pp. 269-92, 1985</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Leilan.yale.edu, Harvey Weiss et al., The genesis and collapse of Third Millennium north Mesopotamian Civilization, Science, vol. 291, pp. 995-1088, 1993</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavalas2006" class="citation book cs1">Chavalas, Mark W. (2006). <i>The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation</i>. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. p. 95. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-23581-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-23581-7"><bdi>0-631-23581-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East%3A+Historical+Sources+in+Translation&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing+Ltd&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-631-23581-7&rft.aulast=Chavalas&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdli.ucla.edu/tools/yearnames/HTML/T30K20.htm">Year Names of Ibal-pi-el II at CDLI</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289038501_The_Conquest_Eponyms_of_Samsi-Adad_I_and_the_Kanes_Eponym_List">[2]</a> Yigal Bloch, "The Conquest Eponyms of Šamšī-Adad I and the Kaneš Eponym List", Journal of Near Eastern Studies, vol. 73(2), pp. 191-210, Oct 2014</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavalas2006" class="citation book cs1">Chavalas, Mark W. (2006). <i>The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation</i>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 114–115. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0631235817" title="Special:BookSources/0631235817"><bdi>0631235817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East%3A+Historical+Sources+in+Translation&rft.place=Malden&rft.pages=114-115&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0631235817&rft.aulast=Chavalas&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Lewy, Hildegard. “The Historical Background of the Correspondence of Baḫdi-Lim.” Orientalia, vol. 25, no. 4, 1956, pp. 324–52.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>OBO (<i>Orbis Biblicus et Orientalis</i>) 160/4</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNelson1959" class="citation book cs1">Nelson, Glueck (1959). <i>Rivers in the Desert</i>. HUC.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rivers+in+the+Desert&rft.pub=HUC&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Nelson&rft.aufirst=Glueck&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeilJean_W._Sedlar1962" class="citation book cs1">McNeil, William H.; Jean W. Sedlar (1962). <i>The Ancient Near East</i>. OUP.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=1962&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=William+H.&rft.au=Jean+W.+Sedlar&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGeorge2000" class="citation book cs1">George, Andrew (2000). <i>The Epic of Gilgamesh</i>. Penguin. No14-044721-0.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epic+of+Gilgamesh&rft.pub=Penguin&rft.date=2000&rft.aulast=George&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPritchard1968" class="citation book cs1">Pritchard, James B. (1968). <i>The Ancient Near East</i>. OUP. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-03532-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-03532-6"><bdi>0-691-03532-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=OUP&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-691-03532-6&rft.aulast=Pritchard&rft.aufirst=James+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAl_KhalifaMichael_Rice1986" class="citation book cs1">Al Khalifa, Shaika Haya Ali; Michael Rice (1986). <i>Bahrain through the Ages</i>. KPI. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7103-0112-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-7103-0112-X"><bdi>0-7103-0112-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bahrain+through+the+Ages&rft.pub=KPI&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-7103-0112-X&rft.aulast=Al+Khalifa&rft.aufirst=Shaika+Haya+Ali&rft.au=Michael+Rice&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNayeem1990" class="citation book cs1">Nayeem, Muhammed Abdul (1990). <i>Prehistory and Protohistory of the Arabian Peninsula</i>. Hyderabad.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Prehistory+and+Protohistory+of+the+Arabian+Peninsula&rft.place=Hyderabad&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Nayeem&rft.aufirst=Muhammed+Abdul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoaf1990" class="citation book cs1">Roaf, Michael (1990). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturalatlasofm0000roaf"><i>Cultural Atlas of Mesopotamia and the Ancient Near East</i></a></span>. Equinox. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8160-2218-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8160-2218-6"><bdi>0-8160-2218-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cultural+Atlas+of+Mesopotamia+and+the+Ancient+Near+East&rft.pub=Equinox&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=0-8160-2218-6&rft.aulast=Roaf&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturalatlasofm0000roaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAwdePutros_Samano1986" class="citation book cs1">Awde, Nicholas; Putros Samano (1986). <i>The Arabic Alphabet</i>. Billing & Sons Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-86356-035-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-86356-035-0"><bdi>0-86356-035-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Arabic+Alphabet&rft.pub=Billing+%26+Sons+Ltd.&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=0-86356-035-0&rft.aulast=Awde&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Putros+Samano&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerm1975" class="citation book cs1">Herm, Gerard (1975). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/phoenicianspur00herm"><i>The Phoenicians</i></a></span>. William Morrow & Co. Inc. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-688-02908-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-688-02908-6"><bdi>0-688-02908-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Phoenicians&rft.pub=William+Morrow+%26+Co.+Inc.&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-688-02908-6&rft.aulast=Herm&rft.aufirst=Gerard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fphoenicianspur00herm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPedersén1998" class="citation book cs1">Pedersén, Olof (1998). <i>Archives and Libraries in the Ancient Near East: 1500-300 B.C</i>. <a href="/wiki/Bethesda,_Maryland" title="Bethesda, Maryland">Bethesda</a>: CDL Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Archives+and+Libraries+in+the+Ancient+Near+East%3A+1500-300+B.C.&rft.place=Bethesda&rft.pub=CDL+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Peders%C3%A9n&rft.aufirst=Olof&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShiloh1980" class="citation journal cs1">Shiloh, Y. (1980). "The Population of Iron Age Palestine in the Light of a Sample Analysis of Urban Plans, Areas and Population Density". <i>Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research</i> (239): 25–35. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1356754">10.2307/1356754</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1356754">1356754</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163824693">163824693</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Bulletin+of+the+American+Schools+of+Oriental+Research&rft.atitle=The+Population+of+Iron+Age+Palestine+in+the+Light+of+a+Sample+Analysis+of+Urban+Plans%2C+Areas+and+Population+Density&rft.issue=239&rft.pages=25-35&rft.date=1980&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163824693%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F1356754%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F1356754&rft.aulast=Shiloh&rft.aufirst=Y.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVan_De_Mieroop2004" class="citation book cs1">Van De Mieroop, Marc (2004). <i>A History of the Ancient Near East ca 3000-323 BC</i> (2nd ed.). Malden: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 89, 99, 104, 106–11. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781405149112" title="Special:BookSources/9781405149112"><bdi>9781405149112</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+Ancient+Near+East+ca+3000-323+BC&rft.place=Malden&rft.pages=89%2C+99%2C+104%2C+106-11&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9781405149112&rft.aulast=Van+De+Mieroop&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChavalas2006" class="citation book cs1">Chavalas, Mark W. (2006). <i>The Ancient Near East: Historical Sources in Translation</i>. Malden: Blackwell Publishing. pp. 93, 95–6, 103, 116, 102–3, 115–6, 118–20, 370. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0631235817" title="Special:BookSources/0631235817"><bdi>0631235817</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Ancient+Near+East%3A+Historical+Sources+in+Translation&rft.place=Malden&rft.pages=93%2C+95-6%2C+103%2C+116%2C+102-3%2C+115-6%2C+118-20%2C+370&rft.pub=Blackwell+Publishing&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0631235817&rft.aulast=Chavalas&rft.aufirst=Mark+W.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AShamshi-Adad+I" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>P. Villard, "Shamshi-Adad and Sons: The Rise of an Upper Mesopotamian Kingdom", in J. M. Sasson (ed.), <i>Civilizations of the Ancient Near East</i>, vol. II, Scribner, New York, 1995, p. 873-883</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&oldid=1254387891">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Shamshi-Adad_I&oldid=1254387891</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Amorite_kings" title="Category:Amorite kings">Amorite kings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:18th-century_BC_deaths" title="Category:18th-century BC deaths">18th-century BC deaths</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Kings_of_the_Universe" title="Category:Kings of the Universe">Kings of the Universe</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Akkadian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Akkadian-language text">Articles containing Akkadian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_birth_unknown" title="Category:Year of birth unknown">Year of birth unknown</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Year_of_death_unknown" title="Category:Year of death unknown">Year of death unknown</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 30 October 2024, at 19:30<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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