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BTM-3 — Wikipédia

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Disponible en 6 langues." > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-6" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">6 langues</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabenbagger_BTM-3" title="Grabenbagger BTM-3 – allemand" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grabenbagger BTM-3" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="allemand" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTM%E2%80%933" title="BTM–3 – hongrois" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="BTM–3" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hongrois" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BTM-3" title="BTM-3 – japonais" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="BTM-3" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonais" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D0%B6%D2%AF%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BD_%D0%BE%D1%80_%D2%9B%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BD_%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тез жүретін ор қазатын машина – kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тез жүретін ор қазатын машина" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%A2%D0%9C-3" title="БТМ-3 – russe" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="БТМ-3" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%A2%D0%9C-3" title="БТМ-3 – ukrainien" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="БТМ-3" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukrainien" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q725679#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifier les liens interlangues" class="wbc-editpage">Modifier les liens</a></span></div> </div> </div> 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data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">masquer</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Plus d’options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/BTM-3"><span>Lire</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;veaction=edit" title="Modifier cette page [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifier</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;action=edit" title="Modifier le wikicode de cette page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifier le code</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;action=history"><span>Voir l’historique</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Général </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Pages_li%C3%A9es/BTM-3" title="Liste des pages liées qui pointent sur celle-ci [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sp%C3%A9cial:Suivi_des_liens/BTM-3" rel="nofollow" title="Liste des modifications récentes des pages appelées par celle-ci [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Suivi des pages liées</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Importer_un_fichier" title="Téléverser des fichiers [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Téléverser un fichier</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;oldid=218227863" title="Adresse permanente de cette version de cette page"><span>Lien permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;action=info" title="Davantage d’informations sur cette page"><span>Informations sur la page</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Citer&amp;page=BTM-3&amp;id=218227863&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informations sur la manière de citer cette page"><span>Citer cette page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBTM-3"><span>Obtenir l'URL raccourcie</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Ffr.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBTM-3"><span>Télécharger le code QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Imprimer / exporter </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:Livre&amp;bookcmd=book_creator&amp;referer=BTM-3"><span>Créer un livre</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sp%C3%A9cial:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=BTM-3&amp;action=show-download-screen"><span>Télécharger comme PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;printable=yes" title="Version imprimable de cette page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Version imprimable</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dans d’autres projets </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:BTM-3" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q725679" title="Lien vers l’élément dans le dépôt de données connecté [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Élément Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Outils de la page"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Apparence"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Apparence</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">déplacer vers la barre latérale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">masquer</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Un article de Wikipédia, l&#039;encyclopédie libre.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="fr" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:Kopalec_strelskih_jarkov1.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kopalec_strelskih_jarkov1.JPG/220px-Kopalec_strelskih_jarkov1.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kopalec_strelskih_jarkov1.JPG/330px-Kopalec_strelskih_jarkov1.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Kopalec_strelskih_jarkov1.JPG/440px-Kopalec_strelskih_jarkov1.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1099" data-file-height="852" /></a><figcaption> BTM-3</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_04.jpg/220px-BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_04.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_04.jpg/330px-BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_04.jpg/440px-BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption> BTM-3</figcaption></figure> <p>La <b>pelle de tranchée BTM-3</b> ( <a href="/wiki/Russe" title="Russe">russe</a>&#160;: <span class="lang-ru" lang="ru">БТМ – Быстроходная траншейная машина</span> <i>Bystrokhodnaja transcheinaja machina</i> (à peu près «&#160;trancheuse rapide&#160;» ou «&#160;trancheuse à grande vitesse&#160;») est une excavatrice militaire soviétique de la période post <a href="/wiki/Seconde_Guerre_mondiale" title="Seconde Guerre mondiale">Seconde Guerre mondiale</a>. Les premiers exemplaires de ce véhicule ont fait leur apparition à la fin des années 1950. La production en série a commencé dans les années 1960. Le véhicule est propulsé par un seul moteur diesel <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dieselmotor_W-2" class="extiw" title="de:Dieselmotor W-2">Kharkiv V2</a>. </p><p>La BTM-3 a été conçue pour creuser des <a href="/wiki/Tranch%C3%A9e#À_la_guerre" title="Tranchée">tranchées militaires</a> ou pour câbles et tuyaux. La base de sa conception est le tracteur <a href="/wiki/AT-T" title="AT-T">ATT-409</a>, à partir duquel de nombreux composants ont été repris&#160;: principalement le moteur et le châssis. Ce véhicule met environ 10 minutes pour passer de la position de marche au mode opérationnel. Il peut creuser plusieurs centaines de mètres de tranchées d'une profondeur de 1,5 à 1,8 mètre en une heure. Le véhicule est équipé d'une pelle rotative à <a href="/wiki/Godet_(engin_de_chantier)" title="Godet (engin de chantier)">godet</a> à l'arrière qui sert à creuser le sol. La terre est projetée sur le côté, de sorte que la terre excavée rehausse un des bords de la tranchée, ce qui crée une protection supplémentaire pour les soldats dans les tranchées. Le BTM-3 est également équipé d'une lame permettant de niveler le sol avant de creuser mais aussi de remblayer des fosses ou des tranchées. Cependant, il n'est pas possible d'utiliser simultanément les fonctions <a href="/wiki/Bulldozer" title="Bulldozer">bulldozer</a> et de la pelle<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>1<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Excavation">Excavation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier la section : Excavation" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Excavation"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:National_Museum_of_Military_History,_Bulgaria,_Sofia_2012_PD_029.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_Museum_of_Military_History%2C_Bulgaria%2C_Sofia_2012_PD_029.jpg/300px-National_Museum_of_Military_History%2C_Bulgaria%2C_Sofia_2012_PD_029.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_Museum_of_Military_History%2C_Bulgaria%2C_Sofia_2012_PD_029.jpg/450px-National_Museum_of_Military_History%2C_Bulgaria%2C_Sofia_2012_PD_029.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/National_Museum_of_Military_History%2C_Bulgaria%2C_Sofia_2012_PD_029.jpg/600px-National_Museum_of_Military_History%2C_Bulgaria%2C_Sofia_2012_PD_029.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5616" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>Pelle rotative déployée pour creuser</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Utilisation_actuelle">Utilisation actuelle</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier la section : Utilisation actuelle" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Utilisation actuelle"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Comme on l’a appris en avril 2023 à la suite d'une enquête du <i>Washington Post</i>, l'appareil est apparemment toujours utilisé dans l’armée russe<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>2<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference cite_virgule">,</sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite_crochet">[</span>3<span class="cite_crochet">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Les armées de l’<a href="/wiki/Organisation_du_trait%C3%A9_de_l%27Atlantique_nord" title="Organisation du traité de l&#39;Atlantique nord">OTAN</a> ne disposent pratiquement pas d’équipements comparables. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fichier:BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_02.jpg/220px-BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_02.jpg/330px-BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_02.jpg/440px-BTM-3_trenching_vehicle_at_Park_Patriot_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption>BTM-3 dans le parc patriotique de <a href="/wiki/Koubinka" title="Koubinka">Koubinka</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Références"><span id="R.C3.A9f.C3.A9rences"></span>Références</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier la section : Références" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifier</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=BTM-3&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Modifier le code source de la section : Références"><span>modifier le code</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="references-small decimal" style=""><div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.super-hobby.at/products/BTM-3-High-Speed-Trench-Digging-Vehicle.html?ads_details=pMaxWszystko">Trumpeter 09502 BTM-3 High-Speed Trench Digging Vehicle</a>, Beschreibung Modellbau Trumpeter</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><span class="ouvrage" id="TaylorLedur"><span class="ouvrage" id="Adam_TaylorJúlia_Ledur"><abbr class="abbr indicateur-langue" title="Langue : anglais">(en)</abbr> Adam <span class="nom_auteur">Taylor</span> et Júlia <span class="nom_auteur">Ledur</span>, «&#160;<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/interactive/2023/ukraine-russia-crimea-battle-trenches/"><cite style="font-style:normal;" lang="en">A web of trenches shows Russia fears losing Crimea</cite></a>&#160;», sur <span class="italique">Washington Post</span> <small style="line-height:1em;">(consulté le <time class="nowrap" datetime="2024-08-15" data-sort-value="2024-08-15">15 août 2024</time>)</small></span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a> </span><span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://orf.at/stories/3311424/">Russland erwartet Angriff auf die Krim</a>, ORF online am 4. April 2023</span> </li> </ol></div> </div> <ul id="bandeau-portail" class="bandeau-portail"><li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="noviewer skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Histoire_militaire" title="Portail de l’histoire militaire"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/43px-Military_symbol.svg.png" decoding="async" width="43" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/65px-Military_symbol.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Military_symbol.svg/86px-Military_symbol.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="113" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Histoire_militaire" title="Portail:Histoire militaire">Portail de l’histoire militaire</a></span> </span></li> <li><span class="bandeau-portail-element"><span class="bandeau-portail-icone"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Russie" title="Portail de la Russie"><img alt="icône décorative" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/33px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png" decoding="async" width="33" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/50px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Flag_of_Russia.svg/66px-Flag_of_Russia.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <span class="bandeau-portail-texte"><a href="/wiki/Portail:Russie" title="Portail:Russie">Portail de la Russie</a></span> </span></li> </ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐64f8f8dcdb‐zfjhh Cached time: 20250223190839 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [] CPU time usage: 0.148 seconds Real time usage: 0.463 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 418/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 6357/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 479/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 2212/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.077/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 3513922/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 170.959 1 -total 45.35% 77.527 1 Modèle:Portail 26.59% 45.464 1 Modèle:Lang-ru 25.50% 43.593 1 Modèle:Langue_avec_nom 24.91% 42.582 1 Modèle:Références 19.84% 33.915 1 Modèle:Lien_web 19.84% 33.911 1 Modèle:Suivi_des_biographies 16.53% 28.257 1 Modèle:Catégorisation_badges 4.53% 7.753 1 Modèle:Portail_histoire_militaire 3.81% 6.522 2 Modèle:Méta_lien_vers_portail --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key frwiki:pcache:16428762:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20250223190839 and revision id 218227863. 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