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Stratégie et politiques de la Commission européenne

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xlink:href="/themes/contrib/oe_theme/dist/ec/images/icons/sprites/icons.svg#corner-arrow"></use></svg></li><li class="ecl-breadcrumb__segment ecl-breadcrumb__current-page" data-ecl-breadcrumb-item="static" aria-current="page"><span>Aspects stratégiques et politiques</span></li></ol></nav><div class="ecl-page-header__info"><h1 class="ecl-page-header__title"><span>Aspects stratégiques et politiques</span></h1></div><div class="ecl-page-header__description-container"><p class="ecl-page-header__description">Les objectifs politiques généraux de l’UE sont définis collectivement par ses institutions. Découvrez comment la stratégie de l’UE est élaborée et traduite en politiques et initiatives par la Commission européenne. </p></div></div></div> </div> <main class="ecl-u-pb-xl" id="main-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2.ecl-u-type-heading-2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading"> <div class="ecl-container"> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12 ewcms-top-sidebar"> <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="ecl-row"> <div class="ecl-col-s-12"> <div id="block-ewcms-theme-main-page-content" data-inpage-navigation-source-area="h2, div.ecl-featured-item__heading" class="ecl-u-mb-l"> <article dir="ltr"> <div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_46507"></a> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Définir les priorités stratégiques</h2> <div class="ecl"><p>La stratégie politique générale de l'Union est élaborée conjointement par ses institutions: le Parlement européen, le Conseil européen, le Conseil de l’Union européenne et la Commission européenne.</p><p>En particulier, le Conseil européen définit les orientations et les objectifs de l’UE pour une période de 5&nbsp;ans dans le <a href="https://www.consilium.europa.eu/fr/policies/strategic-agenda-2024-2029/">programme stratégique de l’UE</a>.</p><p>Tous les cinq ans, dès le début d’une nouvelle Commission, son/sa président(e) définit également les priorités politiques pour son mandat à venir.</p><p>Chaque année, dans le discours sur l’<a href="https://state-of-the-union.ec.europa.eu/index_fr">état de l’Union</a>, le/la président(e) de la Commission présente au Parlement européen les réalisations de la Commission au cours de l’année écoulée et annonce les principales initiatives prévues pour l’année à venir. Ces initiatives sont également communiquées au président/à la présidente du Parlement européen et à la présidence tournante du Conseil dans une «lettre d’intention».</p><p>Sur cette base et sur la base des priorités globales sur 5&nbsp;ans, un plan d’action pour l’année civile suivante est défini dans le programme de travail de la Commission. Il explique comment les priorités politiques seront traduites en actes concrets.</p><p>Grâce à la prospective stratégique, la Commission cherche également à intégrer les perspectives futures dans l’élaboration de ses politiques, sa planification stratégique et sa préparation.</p></div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_46512"></a> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/strategy-and-policy/how-decisions-are-made_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Comment les décisions sont-elles prises?</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Concevoir des politiques et des législations de l’UE qui bénéficient aux citoyens, aux entreprises et aux autres parties prenantes dans l’UE, conformément aux règles d’amélioration de la réglementation</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/strategy-and-policy/priorities-2019-2024_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Priorités 2019-2024</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Six priorités de la Commission durant son mandat 2019-2024</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/strategy-and-policy/joint-priorities-eu-institutions-2021-2024_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Priorités communes des institutions de l’UE</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Priorités législatives de l’UE pour l’année à venir convenues entre le Parlement européen, le Conseil et la Commission</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column"><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/strategy-and-policy/strategic-foresight_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Prospective stratégique</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Renforcer la préparation et l’élaboration de politiques par anticipation et sur la base de données concrètes</p></div></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 last-item-column last-item"><article class="ecl-navigation-list__item ecl-navigation-list__item--no-border" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-navigation-list__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/strategy-and-policy/strategy-documents_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Documents stratégiques</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__description"><div class="ecl"><p>Programme de travail, plans de gestion, plans stratégiques et rapports annuels d’activité de la Commission</p></div></div></div></article></div></div></div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_46513"></a> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Planification par services</h2> <div class="ecl"><p>Les services de la Commission présentent des plans stratégiques et de gestion, qui indiquent comment ils entendent contribuer aux priorités de la Commission et qui fixent des objectifs et indicateurs clairs en matière de suivi et d'information.</p><p>Pour toutes les grandes initiatives législatives et stratégiques, les services de la Commission préparent une analyse d'impact pour évaluer les conséquences éventuelles des propositions sur le plan économique, social et environnemental.</p><p>La liste des initiatives prévues et celle des initiatives adoptées&nbsp;par la Commission sont régulièrement mises à jour et envoyées aux autres institutions de l'Union afin de leur permettre d'organiser au mieux leurs propres activités.</p><p><a href="/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/impact-assessments_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Analyses d'impact</a></p></div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_46514"></a> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Élaborer et mettre en œuvre les politiques</h2> <div class="ecl"><p>Les politiques de l’UE visent à procurer des avantages aux citoyens, aux entreprises et aux autres parties prenantes de l’UE. Les <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/law/law-making-process/planning-and-proposing-law/better-regulation_fr">outils d’amélioration de la réglementation</a> garantissent que chaque nouvelle politique repose sur des faits probants et sur les meilleures pratiques disponibles.</p><p>La Commission élabore et met en œuvre les politiques de l’UE par les moyens suivants:</p><ul><li>en soumettant des propositions d'actes législatifs au Parlement européen et au Conseil de l'Union européenne;</li><li>en aidant les pays de l’UE à mettre en œuvre la législation européenne;</li><li>en gérant le budget de l'UE et en octroyant des financements;</li><li>en veillant, avec la Cour de justice, au respect du droit européen;</li><li>en représentant l'UE sur la scène internationale avec le Service européen pour l’action extérieure, qui est le service diplomatique de l'UE.</li></ul><p><a href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/policies_en" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Politiques de l’UE</a></p><p><a href="https://ec.europa.eu/info/law/better-regulation/have-your-say" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Donner son avis sur les initiatives de la Commission</a></p><p><a href="/law/track-law-making_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Suivre le processus législatif</a></p></div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_46515"></a> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Le budget de l’UE</h2> <div class="ecl"><p>Le <a href="https://commission.europa.eu/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget_fr">budget de l’UE</a> est l’outil qui permet à l’Union de concrétiser ses priorités stratégiques et d’investir dans des projets à grande échelle que les pays de l’UE ne pourraient financer seuls. En mettant en commun les ressources, le budget de l’UE crée une valeur ajoutée et renforce l’économie et la position géopolitique de l’Europe.</p><p><a href="/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/motion_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Le budget de l’UE en marche</a></p><p><a href="/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/long-term-eu-budget_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Le budget à long terme de l’UE</a></p><p><a href="/strategy-and-policy/eu-budget/eu-borrower-investor-relations_en?prefLang=fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">L’UE en tant qu’emprunteur – Relations avec les investisseurs</a></p></div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_46516"></a> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Rapports</h2> <div class="ecl"><p>La Commission planifie ses travaux et rend compte de leur avancement selon un cycle annuel appelé «cycle de planification stratégique et de programmation». Elle publie régulièrement des rapports à l’issue de chaque cycle.</p><p>À la fin de l'exercice budgétaire, tous les services de la Commission produisent un rapport annuel d'activité sur la réalisation de leurs objectifs. Ces rapports sont résumés dans un rapport de synthèse transmis au Parlement européen et au Conseil. Depuis 2016, le rapport de synthèse est inclus dans le rapport annuel sur la gestion et la performance du budget de l'UE.</p><p><a href="/strategy-and-policy/strategy-documents/annual-activity-reports_en?prefLang=fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Rapports annuels d’activité</a></p><p><a href="/publications/annual-management-and-performance-reports_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Rapports annuels sur la gestion et la performance</a></p></div> </div> <div class="ecl-u-mb-2xl"> <a id="paragraph_46517"></a> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Évaluation</h2> <div class="ecl"><p>La Commission évalue en permanence si les politiques de l’UE répondent aux besoins des entreprises et des citoyens européens. Les évaluations examinent l’efficacité, l’efficience, la pertinence, la cohérence et la valeur ajoutée européenne des différentes politiques. Elles sont communiquées au public au moyen de feuilles de route.</p><p><a href="/law/law-making-process/evaluating-and-improving-existing-laws/evaluating-laws_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone">Évaluer les politiques</a></p></div> </div> <div class="related-links"> <h2 class="ecl-u-type-heading-2">Autres liens</h2> <div class="ecl-list"> <div class="ecl-content-item-block"><div class="ecl-row"><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item contextual-region ecl-u-mb-l ecl-col-12 ecl-col-l-6 "><article class="ecl-content-item" ><div class="ecl-content-block ecl-content-item__content-block" data-ecl-auto-init="ContentBlock" data-ecl-content-block ><div class="ecl-content-block__title"data-ecl-title-link><a href="/about-european-commission/role-european-commission/law_fr" class="ecl-link ecl-link--standalone" >Rôle de la Commission dans le droit de l’UE</a></div><div class="ecl-content-block__list-container"></div></div></article></div><div class="ecl-content-item-block__item 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