Baseline Profiles overview | App quality

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track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-profile" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Profiling a benchmark</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-instrumentation-args" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-instrumentation-args" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-instrumentation-args" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Adding instrumentation arguments</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-and-hilt" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-and-hilt" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-and-hilt" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Microbenchmark and Hilt</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-without-gradle" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-without-gradle" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/microbenchmark-without-gradle" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Building without Gradle</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/benchmarking-in-ci" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/benchmarking/benchmarking-in-ci" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/benchmarking/benchmarking-in-ci" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Benchmarking in CI</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/measuring-performance" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/measuring-performance" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/measuring-performance" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Overview</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/performance-measurement-examples" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/performance-measurement-examples" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/performance-measurement-examples" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Examples</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Improving performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/improving-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/improving-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/improving-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>How to improve performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Baseline Profiles</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Baseline Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Baseline Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile-library" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile-library" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile-library" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Baseline Profiles for a library</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/configure-baselineprofiles" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/configure-baselineprofiles" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/configure-baselineprofiles" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Configure Baseline Profile generation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/measure-baselineprofile" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/measure-baselineprofile" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/measure-baselineprofile" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Measure with Macrobenchmark library</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/manually-create-measure" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/manually-create-measure" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/manually-create-measure" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manually create and measure Baseline Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Create Startup Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/debug-baseline-profiles" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/debug-baseline-profiles" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/debug-baseline-profiles" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Debug Baseline Profiles</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/case-study-android-calendar" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/baselineprofiles/case-study-android-calendar" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/case-study-android-calendar" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case study - Android Calendar</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App startup</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstartup/analysis-optimization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstartup/analysis-optimization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstartup/analysis-optimization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze and optimize app startup</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstartup/case-study-gmail-wear" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstartup/case-study-gmail-wear" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstartup/case-study-gmail-wear" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Case study - Gmail Wear OS</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/libraries/app-startup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/libraries/app-startup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/libraries/app-startup" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App startup library</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Guides</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstartup/setup-env" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstartup/setup-env" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstartup/setup-env" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Set up your environment for testing</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/guide/background" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /guide/background" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/guide/background" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About background work ⍈</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/performance-class" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/performance-class" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/performance-class" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Declare a device performance class</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstandby" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstandby" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstandby" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About App Standby Buckets</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/app-hibernation" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/app-hibernation" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/app-hibernation" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About app hibernation</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/guide/practices/verifying-apps-art" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /guide/practices/verifying-apps-art" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/guide/practices/verifying-apps-art" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Verify app behavior on the Android runtime (ART)</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Solving common problems</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App Startup</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>ANRs</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/anrs/keep-your-app-responsive" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/anrs/keep-your-app-responsive" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/anrs/keep-your-app-responsive" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Keep your app responsive</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/anrs/diagnose-and-fix-anrs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/anrs/diagnose-and-fix-anrs" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/anrs/diagnose-and-fix-anrs" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Diagnose and fix ANRs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/anrs/find-unresponsive-thread" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/anrs/find-unresponsive-thread" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/anrs/find-unresponsive-thread" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Find the unresponsive thread</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Rendering</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/rendering" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/rendering" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/rendering" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance of rendering</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/rendering/overdraw" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/rendering/overdraw" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/rendering/overdraw" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reducing overdraw</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/rendering/optimizing-view-hierarchies" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/rendering/optimizing-view-hierarchies" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/rendering/optimizing-view-hierarchies" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance and view hierarchies</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/rendering/profile-gpu" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/rendering/profile-gpu" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/rendering/profile-gpu" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyzing with profile GPU rendering</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/develop/ui/views/layout/improving-layouts" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /develop/ui/views/layout/improving-layouts" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/develop/ui/views/layout/improving-layouts" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Improve layout performance</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Memory</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/memory-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/memory-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/memory-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About memory management</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/memory-management" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/memory-management" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/memory-management" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Memory allocation among processes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/memory" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/memory" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/memory" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Manage your app's memory</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/guide/components/processes-and-threads" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /guide/components/processes-and-threads" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/guide/components/processes-and-threads" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Processes and threads</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Battery and power</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/training/monitoring-device-state/doze-standby" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Optimize for doze and app standby</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/training/monitoring-device-state/battery-monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /training/monitoring-device-state/battery-monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/training/monitoring-device-state/battery-monitoring" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor the battery level and charging state</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/training/monitoring-device-state/connectivity-status-type" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /training/monitoring-device-state/connectivity-status-type" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/training/monitoring-device-state/connectivity-status-type" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitor connectivity status and connection metering</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/training/monitoring-device-state/docking-monitoring" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /training/monitoring-device-state/docking-monitoring" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/training/monitoring-device-state/docking-monitoring" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Determining and monitor docking state and type</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/power/setup-battery-historian" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/power/setup-battery-historian" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/power/setup-battery-historian" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Profile battery usage with Batterystats and Battery Historian</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/power/battery-historian" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/power/battery-historian" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/power/battery-historian" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Analyze power use with Battery Historian</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/power/test-power" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/power/test-power" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/power/test-power" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Test power-related issues</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/background-optimization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/background-optimization" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/background-optimization" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Background optimizations</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/reduce-apk-size" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/reduce-apk-size" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/reduce-apk-size" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Reduce app size</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/hardware-accel" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/hardware-accel" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/hardware-accel" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Hardware acceleration</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/sqlite-performance-best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/sqlite-performance-best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/sqlite-performance-best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Best practices for SQLite performance</span></a></li></ul></div></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/appstartup/best-practices" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/appstartup/best-practices" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/appstartup/best-practices" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Performance best practices</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Monitoring performance</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/monitoring-overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/monitoring-overview" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/monitoring-overview" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About monitoring performance</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-expandable"><div class="devsite-expandable-nav"> <a class="devsite-nav-toggle" aria-hidden="true"></a><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path" tabindex="0" role="button"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android vitals</span> </div><ul class="devsite-nav-section"><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>About Android vitals</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/anr" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/anr" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/anr" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>ANRs</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/crash" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/crash" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/crash" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Crashes</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/render" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/render" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/render" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Slow Rendering</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/slow-session" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/slow-session" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/slow-session" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Slow Sessions</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/wakelock" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/wakelock" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/wakelock" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Stuck Partial Wake Locks</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/wakeup" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/wakeup" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/wakeup" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Excessive Wakeups</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/bg-wifi" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/bg-wifi" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/bg-wifi" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Excessive Background Wi-Fi Scans</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/bg-network-usage" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/bg-network-usage" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/bg-network-usage" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Excessive Background Network Usage</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/permissions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/permissions" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/permissions" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Permission Denials</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/vitals/launch-time" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App Startup Time</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/topic/performance/jankstats" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /topic/performance/jankstats" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/topic/performance/jankstats" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>JankStats library</span></a></li></ul></div></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>On Google Play</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/vitals/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://play.google.com/console/about/vitals/" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://play.google.com/console/about/vitals/" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Android vitals</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-external"><a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/releasewithconfidence/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/releasewithconfidence/" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/releasewithconfidence/" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Healthy releases</span><span class="devsite-nav-icon material-icons" data-icon="external" data-title="External" aria-hidden="true"></span></a></li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Essentials" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Gemini in Android Studio </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/gemini-in-android" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Learn more" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Learn more </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/studio" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Get Android Studio" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get Android Studio </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get started </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/get-started/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Hello world" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Hello world </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/courses" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Training courses" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Training courses </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/get-started/codelabs" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Tutorials" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Tutorials </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/kotlin" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Kotlin for Android" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Kotlin for Android </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/guides/monetize/" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Monetization with Play ↗️" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Monetization with Play ↗️ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Extend by device </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/adaptive-apps" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Adaptive apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Adaptive apps </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/wear" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/cars" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android for Cars" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android for Cars </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/tv" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android TV" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android TV </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/chrome-os" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: ChromeOS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > ChromeOS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/multi-device-development" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cross-device SDK" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cross-device SDK </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build by category </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/games" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Games" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Games </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/media" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Camera & Media" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Camera & Media </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/social-and-messaging" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Social & messaging" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Social & messaging </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/health-and-fitness" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Health & Fitness" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Health & Fitness </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/productivity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Productivity" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Productivity </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/work/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Enterprise apps" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Enterprise apps </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get the latest </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/latest-updates" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Latest updates" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Latest updates </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/latest-updates/experimental" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Experimental updates" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Experimental updates </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/studio/preview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android Studio preview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android Studio preview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/jetpack/androidx/versions" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Jetpack & Compose libraries" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Jetpack & Compose libraries </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/wearables/versions/4" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS preview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS preview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design-for-safety/privacy-sandbox" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Privacy Sandbox" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Privacy Sandbox </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Design & Plan" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > UI Design </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Design for Android" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Design for Android </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/mobile" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Mobile" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Mobile </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/large-screens" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Large screens (e.g., tablets)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Large screens (e.g., tablets) </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/widget" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Widgets" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Widgets </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/wear" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Wear OS" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/design/ui/tv" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android TV" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android TV </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Architecture </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/architecture/intro" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Introduction" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Introduction </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/libraries/view-binding" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Libraries" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Libraries </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/navigation/navigation-principles" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Navigation" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Navigation </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/modularization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Modularization" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Modularization </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/testing/fundamentals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Testing" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Testing </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Quality </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/core-value" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Core value" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Core value </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/user-experience" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: User experience" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > User experience </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/technical" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Technical quality" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Technical quality </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/privacy-and-security" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Security" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Security </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Security </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/security" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/privacy-and-security/about" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Privacy" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Privacy </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/identity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Identity" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Identity </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/security/fraud-prevention" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Fraud prevention" 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<span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > About new markets </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/androidgo" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android (Go edition)" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android (Go edition) </span> </a> </li> </ul> <ul class="devsite-nav-list" menu="Develop" aria-label="Side menu" hidden> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Build AI experiences </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/ai" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Get started" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Get started </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Core areas </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/samples" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Samples" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Samples </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quick-guides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Try Quick Guidesᵇᵉᵗᵃ" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Try Quick Guidesᵇᵉᵗᵃ </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/develop/ui" 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class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Wear OS </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/health-and-fitness/guides" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android Health" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Android Health </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/guide/topics/connectivity/cross-device-sdk/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Cross-device SDK" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Cross-device SDK </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/cars" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Android for 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<section id="gc-wrapper"> <main role="main" class="devsite-main-content" has-book-nav has-sidebar > <div class="devsite-sidebar"> <div class="devsite-sidebar-content"> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" role="navigation" aria-label="On this page" depth="2" scrollbars ></devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-sidebar class="nocontent devsite-nav"> </devsite-recommendations-sidebar> </div> </div> <devsite-content> <article class="devsite-article"> <div class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developer.android.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Android Developers" > Android Developers </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div 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collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-dropdown class="nocontent"></devsite-recommendations-dropdown> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <div class="video-wrapper"> <iframe class="devsite-embedded-youtube-video" data-video-id="WWdDzXgrkmg" data-autohide="1" data-showinfo="0" allowfullscreen> </iframe> </div> <p>Baseline Profiles improve code execution speed by about 30% from the first launch by avoiding interpretation and <a href="/about/versions/nougat/android-7.0#jit_aot">just-in-time (JIT)</a> compilation steps for included code paths.</p> <p>By shipping a Baseline Profile in an app or library, <a href="https://source.android.com/docs/core/runtime">Android Runtime (ART)</a> can optimize specified code paths through Ahead-of-Time (AOT) compilation, providing performance enhancements for every new user and every app update. This Profile Guided Optimization (PGO) lets apps optimize startup, reduce interaction jank, and improve overall runtime performance for users from the first launch.</p> <p>These performance enhancements directly result in improved business metrics such as user retention, transactions, and ratings. You can read more about how performance impacts business metrics in stories from <a href="/stories/apps/josh">Josh</a>, <a href="/stories/apps/lyft">Lyft</a>, <a href="/stories/apps/tiktok">TikTok</a>, and <a href="/stories/apps/zomato">Zomato</a>.</p> <h2 id="benefits-of-baseline-profiles" data-text="Benefits of Baseline Profiles" tabindex="-1">Benefits of Baseline Profiles</h2> <p>Baseline Profiles make all user interactions—such as app startup, navigating between screens, or scrolling through content—smoother from the first time they run. By increasing the speed and responsiveness of an app, Baseline Profiles can lead to more daily active users and a higher average return visit rate.</p> <p>Baseline Profiles help guide optimization beyond app startup by providing common user interactions that improve app runtime from the first launch. Guided AOT compilation doesn't rely on user devices and can be done once per release on a development machine instead of a mobile device. By shipping releases with a Baseline Profile, app optimizations become available much faster than by relying on <a href="#cloud-profiles">Cloud Profiles</a> alone.</p> <p>When not using a Baseline Profile, all app code is either JIT-compiled in memory after being interpreted, or written to an <code translate="no" dir="ltr">odex</code> file in the background when the device is idle. After installing or updating an app, users have a suboptimal experience from the first time they run it until new code paths are optimized. Many apps measure performance boosts of about 30% after optimizing.</p> <h3 id="startup-profiles" data-text="Startup profiles" tabindex="-1">Startup profiles</h3> <p>Startup profiles are similar to Baseline Profiles, but the difference is they are used at compile time rather than for on-device optimization. A startup profile is used to optimize the layout of the DEX file to improve startup times. The code identified in the startup profile is put into the primary <code translate="no" dir="ltr">classes.dex</code> file, and other code is put into separate DEX files. This improves startup times by reducing the number of page faults during app startup. To learn more about how startup profiles and DEX layout optimizations can improve app startup times, see <a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations">DEX layout optimizations and startup profiles</a>.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> We recommend using both Baseline Profiles and startup profiles to fully optimize app startup.</span></aside> <h2 id="get-started" data-text="Get started" tabindex="-1">Get started</h2> <p>To start optimizing performance in your existing app, see <a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile">Create Baseline Profiles</a>.</p> <h3 id="recommended-versions" data-text="Minimum recommended stable versions" tabindex="-1">Minimum recommended stable versions</h3> <p>The dependency chain provides stable and developmental release versions. To generate and install a Baseline Profile, use the following supported versions or higher of Android Gradle plugin, Macrobenchmark library, and Profile Installer. These dependencies are required at different times and work together as a toolchain to enable an optimal Baseline Profile.</p> <ul> <li>Android Gradle plugin: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">com.android.tools.build:8.0.0</code></li> <li>Macrobenchmark library: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">androidx.benchmark:benchmark-macro-junit4:1.3.3</code></li> <li>Profile Installer: <code translate="no" dir="ltr">androidx.profileinstaller:profileinstaller:1.4.1</code></li> </ul> <p>We recommend using the latest version of AGP to create and manage Baseline Profiles. Here are the major functionalities that come with different versions of AGP:</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>AGP version</th> <th>Features</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>8.4</td> <td> Local app installations of non-debuggable builds using the <a href="/build/building-cmdline">Gradle wrapper command line tool</a> or Android Studio install Baseline Profiles, so the performance of your local release build more closely matches production. This update doesn't affect production performance of Baseline Profiles. </td> </tr> <tr> <td>8.3</td> <td> <ul> <li><b>Full source set directory support (library modules):</b> declare multiple Baseline Profile source files, and use variant-aware directories, such as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">src/free/generated/baselineProfiles/baseline-prof1.txt</code>, now for library modules as well as app modules. </li> <li>Baseline Profiles include <a href="/studio/write/java8-support#library-desugaring">desugared classes</a>.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>8.2</td> <td> <ul> <li><b>R8 rewriting of rules:</b> D8 and R8 can transform the human-readable Baseline and Startup Profile rules to fully capture all the rules you need to optimize app performance. Increases Baseline Profile coverage of methods by ~30% and increases app performance by ~15%.</li> <li><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations"><b>Startup Profiles:</b></a> generate this new type of Baseline Profile to inform layout of code within DEX. Increases startup performance by an additional ~15%, or significantly more for large apps. </li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>8.0</td> <td><b>Minimum recommended version:</b> use the Baseline Profile Gradle plugin to generate Baseline Profiles with a single Gradle task. <ul> <li><b>Full source set directory support (app modules):</b> declare multiple Baseline Profile source files, and use variant-aware directories, such as <code translate="no" dir="ltr">src/free/generated/baselineProfiles/baseline-prof1.txt</code>.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> <tr> <td>7.4</td> <td> <b>Minimum supported version:</b> apps can consume Baseline Profiles from libraries, and provide their own Baseline Profile in the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">src/main/baseline-prof.txt</code> file. <ul> <li>Baseline Profiles are correctly packaged when building the APK from an app bundle (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/230361284">issue #230361284</a>).</li> <li>For apps with more than one <code translate="no" dir="ltr">.dex</code> file, Baseline Profiles are correctly packaged for the primary <code translate="no" dir="ltr">.dex</code> file.</li> </ul> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h3 id="example" data-text="Profile generation example" tabindex="-1">Profile generation example</h3> <p>The following is an example class to create a Baseline Profile for app startup, as well as several navigation and scroll events using the recommended <a href="/topic/performance/benchmarking/macrobenchmark-overview">Macrobenchmark</a> library:</p> <pre class="prettyprint lang-kotlin" translate="no" dir="ltr"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">@OptIn(ExperimentalBaselineProfilesApi::class) class BaselineProfileGenerator { @get:Rule val baselineProfileRule = BaselineProfileRule() @Test fun appStartupAndUserJourneys() { baselineProfileRule.collect(packageName = PACKAGE_NAME) { // App startup journey. startActivityAndWait() device.findObject(By.text("COMPOSE LAZYLIST")).clickAndWait(Until.newWindow(), 1_000) device.findObject(By.res("myLazyColumn")).also { it.fling(Direction.DOWN) it.fling(Direction.UP) } device.pressBack() } } } </code></pre> <p>You can see this code in full context and more detail as part of our <a href="https://github.com/android/performance-samples" class="external">performance samples on GitHub</a>.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> To leverage <code translate="no" dir="ltr">testTag()</code> for accessing UI elements in Jetpack Compose, see <a href="/jetpack/compose/testing#uiautomator-interop">Interoperability with UiAutomator</a>.</span></aside> <h3 id="what-to-include" data-text="What to include" tabindex="-1">What to include</h3> <p>When using Baseline Profiles in an app, you can include app startup code and common user interactions like navigation between screens or scrolling. You can also gather entire flows such as registration, login, or payment. Any user journeys that you deem critical can benefit from Baseline Profiles by improving their runtime performance.</p> <p>If you are experimenting with different approaches to improve performance, consider including Baseline Profiles for both arms of your experiment. By doing this, you can make your results easier to interpret by ensuring all of your users are consistently running compiled code.</p> <p>Libraries can provide their own Baseline Profiles and ship them with releases to improve app performance. For example, see the <a href="/jetpack/compose/performance#use-baseline">Use a Baseline Profile section in Jetpack Compose performance</a>.</p> <h2 id="how-baseline-profiles-work" data-text="How Baseline Profiles work" tabindex="-1">How Baseline Profiles work</h2> <p>While developing your app or library, consider defining Baseline Profiles to cover common user interactions where rendering time or latency are important. Here's how they work:</p> <ol> <li><p>Human-readable profile rules are generated for your app and compiled into binary form in the app. You can find them in <code translate="no" dir="ltr">assets/dexopt/baseline.prof</code>. You can then upload the AAB to Google Play as usual.</p></li> <li><p>Google Play processes the profile and ships it directly to users along with the APK. During installation, ART performs AOT compilation of the methods in the profile, resulting in those methods executing faster. If the profile contains methods used in app launch or during frame rendering, the user might experience faster launch times and reduced jank.</p></li> <li><p>This flow cooperates with Cloud Profiles aggregation to fine-tune performance based on actual usage of the app over time.</p></li> </ol> <figure> <img src="/static/topic/performance/images/benchmark_images/baselineprofile_workflow.png" class="centerImage" alt=""> <figcaption><b>Figure 1.</b> This diagram demonstrates the Baseline Profile workflow from upload through end-user delivery, and how that workflow relates to Cloud Profiles.</figcaption> </figure> <h2 id="cloud-profiles" data-text="Cloud Profiles" tabindex="-1">Cloud Profiles</h2> <p>Cloud Profiles offer an additional form of PGO—aggregated by Google Play Store and distributed for install time compilation—together with Baseline Profiles.</p> <p>While Cloud Profiles are driven by real-world user interactions with the app, they take several hours to days after an update to be distributed, limiting their availability. Until profiles are fully distributed, app performance is suboptimal for users of new or updated apps. Further, Cloud Profiles only support Android devices running Android 9 (API level 28) or higher, and only scale well for apps that have a sufficiently large user base.</p> <h2 id="compilation-behaviors" data-text="Compilation behavior across Android versions" tabindex="-1">Compilation behavior across Android versions</h2> <p>Android Platform versions use different app compilation approaches, each with a corresponding performance tradeoff. Baseline Profiles improve upon the previous compilation methods by providing a profile for all installs.</p> <table> <thead> <tr> <th>Android version</th> <th>Compilation method</th> <th>Optimization approach</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td>5 up to 6 (API level 21 up to 23) </td> <td>Full AOT </td> <td>The entire app is optimized during install, resulting in long wait times to use the app, increased RAM and disk space usage, and longer times to load code from disk, potentially increasing cold startup times.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>7 up to 8.1 (API level 24 up to 27) </td> <td>Partial AOT (Baseline Profile) </td> <td>Baseline Profiles are installed by <code translate="no" dir="ltr">androidx.profileinstaller</code> on the first run when the app module defines this dependency. ART can improve this further by adding additional profile rules during the app's use, and compiling them when the device is idle. This optimizes for disk space and time to load code from the disk, thereby reducing wait time for the app.</td> </tr> <tr> <td>9 (API level 28) and higher </td> <td>Partial AOT (Baseline + Cloud Profile) </td> <td>Play uses Baseline Profiles during app installs to optimize the APK and Cloud profiles—if available. After installation, ART profiles are uploaded to Play, aggregated, and then provided as Cloud Profiles to other users when they install or update the app.</td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <h2 id="issues-and-solutions" data-text="Known issues" tabindex="-1">Known issues</h2> <p>The following are possible issues and solutions, or issues for which there are ongoing developments for workarounds:</p> <ul> <li><p>Baseline Profile generation might fail due to permission settings on some devices, including OnePlus devices. To work around this, turn off the <strong>Disable permission monitoring</strong> option in the <strong>Developer Options</strong> settings.</p></li> <li><p>Baseline Profile generation isn't supported on Firebase Test Lab devices, including Gradle-managed Test Lab devices (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/issues/285187547">issue #285187547</a>).</p></li> <li><p>To provide Baseline Profiles for libraries successfully, use Baseline Profile Gradle plugin 1.2.3 or AGP 8.3, at minimum (<a href="https://issuetracker.google.com/313992099">issue #313992099</a>).</p></li> <li><p>If you generate Baseline Profiles with the command <code translate="no" dir="ltr">./gradlew app:generateBaselineProfile</code>, the benchmarks in the test module also run, and the results are discarded. If this happens, you can generate only the Baseline Profiles by running the command with <code translate="no" dir="ltr">-P android.testInstrumentationRunnerArguments.androidx.benchmark.enabledRules=BaselineProfile</code>. This issue has been fixed in AGP 8.2.</p></li> <li><p>The command to generate Baseline Profiles for all build types— <code translate="no" dir="ltr">./gradlew app:generateBaselineProfile</code>—only generates Baseline Profiles for the release build type. This issue has been fixed in AGP 8.1.</p></li> <li><p>Non-Google-Play-Store app distribution channels might not support using Baseline Profiles at installation. Users of apps installed through these channels don't see the benefits until background dexopt runs—which is likely overnight.</p></li> <li><p><a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/internalappsharing/">Play Store internal app sharing</a> doesn't support Baseline Profiles; however, the <a href="https://play.google.com/console/about/internal-testing/">internal testing track</a> does.</p></li> <li><p>Battery optimizations on some devices, such as Huawei devices, can interfere with profile installation. To help ensure that your profiles are installed effectively, disable any battery optimizations in your benchmark devices.</p></li> </ul> <h2 id="additional-resources" data-text="Additional resources" tabindex="-1">Additional resources</h2> <ul> <li><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations">DEX layout optimizations and startup profiles</a></li> </ul> <devsite-recommendations> <h2 id="recommended_for_you" data-text="Recommended for you" tabindex="-1">Recommended for you</h2> <ul> <li>Note: link text is displayed when JavaScript is off</li> <li><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile">Create Baseline Profiles {:#creating-profile-rules}</a></li> <li><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/manually-create-measure">Create and measure Baseline Profiles without Macrobenchmark</a></li> <li><a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/dex-layout-optimizations">DEX layout optimizations and startup profiles</a></li> </ul> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="VxqvKSur40kxBYCLVTd0SSGykbno" listnr-id="5207477"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <div class="devsite-steps"> <div class="steps-next steps-direction"> <a href="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile" class="steps-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-action="Next step" data-label="/topic/performance/baselineprofiles/create-baselineprofile"> <div class="steps-link-direction">Next</div> <span class="steps-link-title-next steps-link-title"> Create Baseline Profiles </span> <span class="steps-link-arrow steps-link-arrow-right material-icons" aria-hidden="true"> arrow_forward </span> </a> </div> </div> <devsite-recommendations display="in-page" hidden yield> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-recommendations id="recommendations-link" yield></devsite-recommendations> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the <a href="/license">Content License</a>. 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