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id="toc-Fundação" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fundação"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Fundação</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Fundação-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Expansão" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Expansão"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Expansão</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Expansão-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Declínio" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Declínio"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Declínio</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Declínio-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ver_também" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Alternar o índice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Alternar o índice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nanzhao</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir para um artigo noutra língua. Disponível em 33 línguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-33" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">33 línguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B0" title="Наньчжаа — bielorrusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Наньчжаа" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorrusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Нанджао — búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нанджао" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%9D%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="নানঝাও রাজ্য — bengalês" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="নানঝাও রাজ্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A0%E0%BD%87%E0%BD%84%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%B2%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A1%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8D" title="འཇང་གི་ཡུལ། — tibetano" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="འཇང་གི་ཡུལ།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan_Chao" title="Nan Chao — catalão" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nan Chao" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao — alemão" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemão" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao — inglês" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanchao" title="Nanchao — esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Nanchao" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Nanzhao" title="Reino de Nanzhao — espanhol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino de Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanhol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Nanzhao" title="Royaume de Nanzhao — francês" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume de Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%9D%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%93_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="नानझाओ राज्य — hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नानझाओ राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_di_Nanzhao" title="Regno di Nanzhao — italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Regno di Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A9%94" title="南詔 — japonês" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="南詔" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%AF%E1%83%90%E1%83%9D" title="ნანჯაო — georgiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნანჯაო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%82%A8%EC%A1%B0_(%EC%99%95%EA%B5%AD)" title="남조 (왕국) — coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="남조 (왕국)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao — latim" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latim" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%B1%E0%BA%81%E0%BB%9C%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%88%E0%BA%BB%E0%BB%89%E0%BA%B2" title="ອານາຈັກໜານເຈົ້າ — laosiano" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ອານາຈັກໜານເຈົ້າ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="laosiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nand%C5%BEao" title="Nandžao — lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nandžao" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%94%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA" title="နန်ကျောက် — birmanês" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="နန်ကျောက်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmanês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nan_Chao" title="Nan Chao — neerlandês" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nan Chao" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzhao_(konged%C3%B8mme)" title="Nanzhao (kongedømme) — norueguês bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nanzhao (kongedømme)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norueguês bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao — polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Наньчжао — russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Наньчжао" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljevina_Nanzhao" title="Kraljevina Nanzhao — servo-croata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Kraljevina Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="servo-croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzhao" title="Nanzhao — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nanzhao" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanzhaoriket" title="Nanzhaoriket — sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nanzhaoriket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%88%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2" title="อาณาจักรน่านเจ้า — tailandês" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="อาณาจักรน่านเจ้า" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%8C%D1%87%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BE" title="Наньчжао — ucraniano" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Наньчжао" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu" title="Nam Chiếu — vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nam Chiếu" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%8F" title="南诏 — wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="南诏" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%AF%8F" title="南诏 — chinês" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="南诏" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A2m-chi%C3%A0u" title="Lâm-chiàu — min nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Lâm-chiàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="min nan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E8%A9%94" title="南詔 — cantonês" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="南詔" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonês" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1045322#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar hiperligações interlínguas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar hiperligações</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espaços nominais"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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lang="pt" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox infobox_v2" cellpadding="3" border="0" style="line-height:130%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" class="topo padrao" style="width:100%; font-size:130%; background-color:#f9f9f9; color:#000"><span class="">Nanzhao<br />南詔<p style="font-size:88%; font-weight:normal; text-align:center; border-top:1px solid #ccd2d9; padding-top:9px">Monarquia</p></span> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; padding:0; margin:0; background-color:#efefef; border-top:1px solid #aaaaaa; border-bottom:1px solid #aaaaaa"><small><table style="width:100%; margin:auto;"><tbody><tr> <td style="min-width:40px"><table style="vertical-align:middle; width:100%"></table></td> <td style="font-weigh:bold; font-size:120%; white-space:nowrap; width:99%; text-align:center; line-height:130%"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/738" title="738">738 d.C.</a></span> — <span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/902" title="902">902 d.C.</a></span> </td> <td style="min-width:40px; text-align:right"><table style="vertical-align:middle; width:100%"><tbody><tr><td style="margin-right:2px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dachanghe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dachanghe (página não existe)">→</a></td> </tr><tr><td style="margin-right:2px"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="17" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reino_de_Dali" title="Reino de Dali">→</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></td> </tr></tbody></table></small> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size:102%" colspan="2"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png/285px-Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="382" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png/428px-Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png/570px-Nam_Chi%E1%BA%BFu.png 2x" data-file-width="780" data-file-height="1045" /></a></span><br /><div style="font-size:small;">Reino de Nanchao em 879.</div> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size:102%" colspan="2"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div style="width:285px; float:none; clear:both; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><div style="position:relative; padding:0px; width:285px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:China_edcp_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Taihe está localizado em: China"><img alt="Taihe está localizado em: China" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/285px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="285" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/428px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/China_edcp_location_map.svg/570px-China_edcp_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="408" /></a></span><br /><div style="position: absolute; z-index: 2; top: 78.6%; left: 43.8%; height: 0; width: 0; margin: 0; padding: 0;"><div style="position: relative; text-align: center; left: -3px; top: -3px; width: 6px; font-size: 6px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/6px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/9px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg/12px-Disc_Plain_red_%28edge%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div><div style="font-size: 90%; line-height: 110%; position: relative; top: -1.5em; width: 6em; left: 0.5em; text-align: left;"><span style="padding: 1px;">Taihe</span></div></div></div></div><small>Localização da capital</small> </td> </tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:102%">Coordenadas </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size:102%"><span class="plainlinksneverexpand"><a class="external text" href="http://tools.wmflabs.org/geohack/geohack.php?pagename=Nanzhao&params=25_42_09_N_100_09_19_E_type:country_scale:10000000"><span title="Mapas, fotos aéreas e outros dados para este local"><small><span title="Mapas, fotos aéreas e outros dados para este local"><span style="white-space:nowrap">25° 42' 09" N</span> <span style="white-space:nowrap">100° 09' 19" E</span></span></small></span></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:102%">Continente </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size:102%"><a href="/wiki/%C3%81sia" title="Ásia">Ásia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:102%">Capital </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size:102%">Taihe </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:102%">País atual </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size:102%"><a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:1px; width:100%"><hr /> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:102%">Língua oficial </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size:102%"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_Nuosu" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua Nuosu">Nuosu</a><br /><a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_bai" title="Língua bai">Bai</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:102%">Religião </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size:102%">Budismo </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:1px; width:100%"><hr /> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; text-align:left; font-weight:bold; font-size:101%; background-color:#f9f9f9">Rei </th></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size:102%" colspan="2"><table style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>• </td><td style="white-space:nowrap;">738-748</td><td> </td> <td> Meng Piluoge </td> </tr> <tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>• </td><td style="white-space:nowrap;">897-902</td><td> </td> <td> Meng Shunhuazhen </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align:center; 1px; width:100%"><hr /> </th></tr> <tr> <td scope="row" style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-weight:bold; font-size:102%">História </td> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: left; font-size:102%">  </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align: top; text-align: center; font-size:102%" colspan="2"><table style="text-align:left"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align:top"><td>• </td><td style="white-space:nowrap;"><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/738" title="738">738 d.C.</a></span></td><td> </td> <td> Fundação </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><b>Nanzhao</b> ou <b>Nanchao</b> (<a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_Nuosu" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua Nuosu">nuoso</a>: ꂷꏂꌅ <i>mashynzy</i> <a href="/wiki/Pinyin" title="Pinyin">Pinyin</a>: <i>mǎshǐzī</i>, literalmente 'Reino do Sul') foi um reino dinástico que floresceu no que hoje é o sul da China e sudeste da Ásia durante os séculos VI e IX. Estava centrado no atual província de <a href="/wiki/Iun%C3%A3" title="Iunã">Iunã</a> na <a href="/wiki/China" title="China">China</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="História"><span id="Hist.C3.B3ria"></span>História</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar secção: História" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: História"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origens">Origens</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar secção: Origens" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Origens"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Nanchao</i> englobava muitos grupos étnicos e linguísticos. Alguns historiadores acreditam que a maioria da população era do <a href="/w/index.php?title=Povo_bai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Povo bai (página não existe)">povo bai</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup> mas que a elite falava uma variante de <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_Nuosu" class="mw-redirect" title="Língua Nuosu">nuoso</a> (também chamado <i>yi</i>), uma <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADnguas_tibeto-birmanesas" title="Línguas tibeto-birmanesas">língua tibeto-birmanesa</a> intimamente relacionada com o <a href="/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_birmanesa" title="Língua birmanesa">birmanês</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span>[</span>2<span>]</span></a></sup> O <i>povo cuanman</i> chegou ao poder em <i>Iunã</i> ao apoiarem <a href="/wiki/Zhuge_Liang" title="Zhuge Liang">Zhuge Liang</a> em sua Campanha Sul em <a href="/wiki/225" title="225">225</a>. No <i><a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_IV" title="Século IV">século IV</a></i> eles ganharam o controle da região, mas se rebelaram contra a <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Sui" title="Dinastia Sui">dinastia Sui</a> em <a href="/wiki/593" title="593">593</a> e foram destruídos por uma expedição retaliatória em <a href="/wiki/602" title="602">602</a>. Os <i>Cuanman</i> então se dividiram em dois grupos conhecidos como <i>Wuman</i> (Mywa Preto) e <i>Baiman</i> (Mywa Branco). <sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span>[</span>3<span>]</span></a></sup> As tribos <i>Baiman</i>, que são consideradas as antecessoras do <i>povo Bai</i>, estabeleceram-se na terra fértil do oeste de <i>Iunã</i> em torno do lago <i>Erhai</i>. Já os <i>Wuman</i>, considerados predecessores do <i>povo Yi</i>, estabeleceram-se nas regiões montanhosas do leste de <i>Iunã</i>. E se estabeleceram nas seguintes tribos: <i>Mengshe</i> (蒙舍), <i>Mengxi</i> (蒙嶲), <i>Langqiong</i> (浪穹), <i>Tengtan</i> (邆賧), <i>Shilang</i> (施浪), e <i>Yuexi</i> (越析). Cada tribo era conhecida como <i>chao</i> (zhao). <sup id="cite_ref-a_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Na academia, a composição étnica da população do reino <i>Nanchao</i> tem sido debatida há um século. Estudiosos chineses tendem a favorecer a teoria de que os governantes vieram dos grupos <i>bai</i> ou <i>yi</i> supracitados, enquanto alguns estudiosos não chineses subscreveram a teoria de que o grupo étnico <i>Tai</i> era um componente importante, que mais tarde se mudou para o sul para a atual <a href="/wiki/Tail%C3%A2ndia" title="Tailândia">Tailândia</a> e <a href="/wiki/Laos" title="Laos">Laos</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span>[</span>5<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span>[</span>6<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Fundação"><span id="Funda.C3.A7.C3.A3o"></span>Fundação</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar secção: Fundação" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Fundação"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em <a href="/wiki/649" title="649">649</a>, o chefe da tribo <i>Mengshe</i> do povo <i>Wuman</i>, <i>Xinuluo</i> (細奴邏), fundou <i>Dameng</i> (大蒙, Grande Meng) e levou o título de <i>Qijia Wang</i> (奇嘉王; "Rei Excepcional"). <i>Xinuluo</i> reconheceu a <a href="/wiki/Suserania" title="Suserania">suserania</a> <a href="/wiki/Dinastia_Tang" title="Dinastia Tang">Tang</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span>[</span>7<span>]</span></a></sup> Em <a href="/wiki/652" title="652">652</a>, <i>Xinuluo</i> absorveu as terras dos <i>Baiman</i> reinados por <i>Zhang Lejinqiu</i>, que governava do lago <i>Erhai</i> até a Montanha <i>Cang</i>. Este evento ocorreu pacificamente quando <i>Zhang</i> procurou <i>Xinuluo</i> por vontade própria. O acordo foi consagrado sob um pilar de ferro em <i>Dali</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span>[</span>8<span>]</span></a></sup> Depois disso, <i>Baiman</i> e <i>Wuman</i> atuaram como administradores e guerreiros, respectivamente. <sup id="cite_ref-a_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/704" title="704">704</a>, o <a href="/wiki/Imp%C3%A9rio_Tibetano" title="Império Tibetano">Império Tibetano</a> durante o reinado de <a href="/wiki/Tride_Tsuktsen" title="Tride Tsuktsen">Tride Tsuktsen</a> e a regência de sua avó <a href="/wiki/Thrimal%C3%B6" title="Thrimalö">Thrimalö</a> subjugou o exercito de <i>Nancho</i> e tornou vassalas algumas tribos da antiga nação <i>Baiman</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span>[</span>9<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No ano <a href="/wiki/737" title="737">737</a>, com o apoio da <i>dinastia Tang</i>, o bisneto de <i>Xinuluo</i>, <i>Piluoge</i> (皮羅閣), reuniu novamente os seis <i>chaos</i> em sucessão, estabelecendo um novo reino chamado <i>Nanchao</i>. A capital foi fundada em <a href="/wiki/738" title="738">738</a> em <i>Taihe</i> (local da atual vila de <i>Taihe</i>, alguns quilômetros ao sul de <a href="/wiki/Cidade_de_Dali" title="Cidade de Dali">Dali</a>). <sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span>[</span>10<span>]</span></a></sup> Localizado no coração do vale de <i>Erhai</i>. O local era ideal, poderia ser facilmente defendido contra ataques e estava no meio de terras ricas. <sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span>[</span>11<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span>[</span>12<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansão"><span id="Expans.C3.A3o"></span>Expansão</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar secção: Expansão" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Expansão"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Piluoge</i> morreu em <a href="/wiki/748" title="748">748</a>, e foi sucedido por seu filho <i>Geluofeng</i> (閣羅鳳). <sup id="cite_ref-b_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>No início de <a href="/wiki/750" title="750">750</a>, <i>Geluofeng</i> prestou homenagem a <i>Zhang Qiantuo</i>, comandante militar da área de <i><a href="/wiki/Iun%C3%A3" title="Iunã">Iunã</a></i>. Seguindo a prática estabelecida, <i>Geluofeng</i> trouxe sua família com ele. Mas <i>Zhang</i>, um burocrata corrupto e lascivo, procurou ter relações ilícitas os familiares de <i>Geluofeng</i>. Além disso <i>Zhang</i> exigiu que <i>Geluofeng</i> dobrasse o valor dos impostos e das provisões para os soldados da guarnição. <i>Geluofeng</i> rejeitou o pedido e <i>Zhang</i> tornou-se hostil ao governante de <i>Nanchao</i>. Instigando várias vezes seus subordinados a lançar insultos contra <i>Geluofeng</i>. <i>Geluofeng</i> ficou indignado. E ordenou um cerco ao quartel general de <i>Zhang</i>, que durou do outono ao final do inverno. A cidade finalmente caiu e <i>Zhang Qiantuo</i> foi morto. Os <i>Tang</i> perderam sua posição no norte de <i>Iunã</i> e trinta e duas prefeituras da região passaram agora para as mãos de <i>Nanchao</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-b_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em retaliação, o governador militar de <i>Jiannan</i> (atual <a href="/wiki/Suju%C3%A3o" title="Sujuão">Sujuão</a>), <i>Xianyu Zhongtong</i>, atacou <i>Nanzchao</i> com um exército de 80.000 soldados em <a href="/wiki/751" title="751">751</a>. Quando as tropas <i>Tang</i> avançaram sobre o reino <i>Nanchao</i>, o filho de <i>Geluofeng</i>, <i>Feng Jiayi</i>, e o general <i>Duan Jianwei</i> derrotaram os <i>Tang</i> em uma batalha em <i>Xi’erhe</i> (atual distrito de <i>Xiaguan</i> em <a href="/wiki/Cidade_de_Dali" title="Cidade de Dali">Dali</a>) com pesadas perdas. <sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span>[</span>14<span>]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-b_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-b-13"><span>[</span>13<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/754" title="754">754</a>, outro exército <i>Tang</i> com 100.000 soldados, liderado pelo general <i>Li Mi</i> (李宓), aproximou-se do reino pelo norte, mas nunca passou por <i>Mu'ege</i>. No final de <a href="/wiki/754" title="754">754</a>, <i>Geluofeng</i> havia estabelecido uma aliança com os tibetanos liderados então por <a href="/wiki/Trisong_Detsen" title="Trisong Detsen">Trisong Detsen</a> contra os <i>Tang</i> que duraria até <a href="/wiki/794" title="794">794</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span>[</span>15<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/787" title="787">787</a> <i>Nanchao</i>, agora sob o comando de <i>Yimouxun</i>, movia-se para o reestabelecimento das relações com o <i>Império Tang</i>, através de conversações com o novo governador militar de <i>Jiannan</i> <i>Wei Gao</i>. Este tinha demostrado a corte que seria muito bom para os interesses <i>Tang</i> que <i>Nanchao</i> e mais oito tribos de <i><a href="/wiki/Iun%C3%A3" title="Iunã">Iunã</a></i> se aliasse ao Império, desmoronando assim a aliança entre <i>Nanchao</i> e o <i>Império Tibetano</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span>[</span>16<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/801" title="801">801</a>, as forças de <i>Nanchao</i> participaram de um amplo ataque junto com as forças <i>Tang</i> contra um contingente de soldados tibetanos que vinha do leste. na ocasião mais de 10.000 soldados tibetanos morreram e 6.000 foram capturados. Sete cidades tibetanas e cinco guarnições militares passaram para as mãos de <i>Nanchao</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span>[</span>17<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Seu sucessor <i>Quanlongsheng</i> (r.809-816), foi morto em um <a href="/wiki/Golpe_de_Estado" title="Golpe de Estado">golpe de Estado</a> por seu general <i>Wang Cuodian</i>, que deu posse a <i>Quanli</i> (<i>Quanlisheng</i>, r. 816-823) e se auto intitulou <i>ministro em chefe</i>. Três anos depois, em <a href="/wiki/819" title="819">819</a> <i>Quanli</i> conseguiu expulsar <i>Cuodian</i> do governo e começou a exercer seu próprio poder. Ele e seu sucessor, <i>Quanfengyou</i> (Fengyou r. 823-859) foram fundamentais na expansão do território. <i>Nanchao</i> expandiu-se para <a href="/wiki/Myanmar" title="Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span>[</span>18<span>]</span></a></sup> conquistando as <a href="/wiki/Cidades-Estados_Pyu" title="Cidades-Estados Pyu">Cidades-Estados Pyu</a> na década de 820, finalmente conquistando-as em <a href="/wiki/832" title="832">832</a>. Em <a href="/wiki/829" title="829">829</a> atacaram <a href="/wiki/Chengdu" title="Chengdu">Chengdu</a>, mas se retiraram no ano seguinte. Na década de 830, conquistaram os reinos vizinhos de Kunlun a leste e Nuwang ao sul. <sup id="cite_ref-c_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Em <a href="/wiki/846" title="846">846</a>, <i>Nanchao</i> invadiu a província <i>Tang</i> de <i>Annam</i> (a forma vietnamita do nome chinês, que significa <i>Protetorado Geral para Pacificar o Sul</i>, na peninsula vietnamita). As relações com o <i>Tang</i> foram abalaram após a morte do imperador <a href="/wiki/Xuanzong_II" title="Xuanzong II">Xuanzong</a> em <a href="/wiki/859" title="859">859</a>, quando o rei de Nanchao <i>Shilong</i> (r.859-877) tratou os enviados <i>Tang</i> com desprezo, e lançou ataques a <i>Bozhou</i> e <i>Annam</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-c_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> <i>Shilong</i> também matou <i>Wang Cuodian</i>. <sup id="cite_ref-a_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> Atacou Annam novamente em <a href="/wiki/863" title="863">863</a>, ocupando-a por três anos. <sup id="cite_ref-c_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Em <a href="/wiki/869" title="869">869</a>, cercou <i>Chengdu</i>, mas não conseguiu capturá-la. Para recrutar para suas guerras, <i>Shilong</i> ordenou que todos os homens com mais de 15 anos se juntassem ao exército. <sup id="cite_ref-a_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Declínio"><span id="Decl.C3.ADnio"></span>Declínio</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar secção: Declínio" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Declínio"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Em <a href="/wiki/873" title="873">873</a>, as tropas de <i>Shilong</i> foram expulsas do <a href="/wiki/Suju%C3%A3o" title="Sujuão">Sujuão</a>. Em <a href="/wiki/877" title="877">877</a> foram expulsas da região de <i>Bozhou</i> (na atual província de <a href="/wiki/Guizhou" title="Guizhou">Guizhou</a>), por uma força militar local organizada pela família <i>Yang</i> de <a href="/wiki/Xanxim" title="Xanxim">Xanxim</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-c_19-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-c-19"><span>[</span>19<span>]</span></a></sup> Em seguida as as tropas de <i>Shilong</i> foram obrigadas a recuar para <i><a href="/wiki/Iun%C3%A3" title="Iunã">Iunã</a></i>, demonstrando que o reino lentamente estava em declínio. Em <a href="/wiki/902" title="902">902</a>, a dinastia chegou ao fim quando o ministro-chefe, <i>Zheng Maisi</i>, assassinou a família real e usurpou o trono, que passou a ser chamado <i>Dachanghe</i> (902-928). Em 928, um nobre <i>Baiman</i>, <i>Yang Ganzhen</i>, ajudou <i>Zhao Shanzheng</i> a derrubar a família <i>Zheng</i>, e estabelecer <i>Datianxing</i> (928-929). O novo regime durou apenas um ano antes de <i>Zhao</i> ser morto por <i>Yang</i>, que criou <i>Dayining</i> (929-937). Finalmente <i>Duan Siping</i> tomou o poder em <a href="/wiki/937" title="937">937</a> e estabeleceu o <a href="/wiki/Reino_de_Dali" title="Reino de Dali">Reino de Dali</a>. <sup id="cite_ref-a_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-a-4"><span>[</span>4<span>]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ver_também"><span id="Ver_tamb.C3.A9m"></span>Ver também</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar secção: Ver também" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar código-fonte da secção: Ver também"><span>editar código-fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_dos_reis_de_Nanchao" title="Lista dos reis de Nanchao">Lista dos reis de Nanchao</a></li></ul> <h2 id="Referências" style="cursor: help;" title="Esta seção foi configurada para não ser editável diretamente. Edite a página toda ou a seção anterior em vez disso."><span id="Refer.C3.AAncias"></span>Referências</h2> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"><div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Cummings, Joe; Storey, Robert (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?redir_esc=y&hl=pt-BR&id=J99vAAAAIAAJ&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=Nanzhao"><i>China</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Lonely Planet. p. 705</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.au=Storey%2C+Robert&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft.aulast=Cummings&rft.btitle=China&rft.date=1991&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=705&rft.pub=Lonely+Planet&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fredir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Dpt-BR%26id%3DJ99vAAAAIAAJ%26focus%3Dsearchwithinvolume%26q%3DNanzhao&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Lawson, Joseph (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=reEyDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA16&#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>A Frontier Made Lawless:</i></a>. Violence in Upland Southwest China, 1800-1956 (em inglês). [S.l.]: UBC Press. p. 168</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft.aulast=Lawson&rft.btitle=A+Frontier+Made+Lawless%3A&rft.date=2017&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=UBC+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DreEyDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA16%26%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Beckwith, Christopher I. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=fF3sDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA65#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia:</i></a>. A History of the Struggle for Great Power among Tibetans, Turks, Arabs, and Chinese during the Early Middle Ages (em inglês). [S.l.]: Princeton University Press. p. 65</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=Christopher+I.&rft.aulast=Beckwith&rft.btitle=The+Tibetan+Empire+in+Central+Asia%3A&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DfF3sDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA65%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-a-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_4-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_4-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_4-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_4-3">d</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-a_4-4">e</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Shān diān zhī chéng (19 de agosto de 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://medium.com/@diantnam/the-faded-buddhist-country-a-brief-history-of-ancient-yunnan-constitution-f2bd5c9f52c7">«The Faded Buddhist Country:»</a>. A Brief History of Ancient Yunnan Constitution. <i>Medium</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 24 de novembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.atitle=The+Faded+Buddhist+Country%3A&rft.au=Sh%C4%81n+di%C4%81n+zh%C4%AB+ch%C3%A9ng&rft.date=2018-08-19&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Medium&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmedium.com%2F%40diantnam%2Fthe-faded-buddhist-country-a-brief-history-of-ancient-yunnan-constitution-f2bd5c9f52c7&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Yongjia, Liang (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=Lvl6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT164#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Religious and Ethnic Revival in a Chinese Minority:</i></a>. The Bai People of Southwest China (em inglês). [S.l.]: Routledge. p. 164</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=Liang&rft.aulast=Yongjia&rft.btitle=Religious+and+Ethnic+Revival+in+a+Chinese+Minority%3A&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=164&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvl6DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT164%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Chen, Lufan (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?hl=pt-BR&id=eYwdAQAAMAAJ&dq=Baiman+Wuman+Tai+ethnic+group&focus=searchwithinvolume&q=not+founded+Thai+pcople"><i>Tài zú qǐyuán wèntí yánjiū</i></a>. Pesquisa sobre a origem da nacionalidade tailandesa (em inglês). [S.l.]: Guójì wénhuà chūbǎn gōngsī. p. 183</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=Lufan&rft.aulast=Chen&rft.btitle=T%C3%A0i+z%C3%BA+q%C7%90yu%C3%A1n+w%C3%A8nt%C3+y%C3%A1nji%C5%AB&rft.date=1990&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=183&rft.pub=Gu%C3%B3j%C3%AC+w%C3%A9nhu%C3%A0+ch%C5%ABb%C7%8En+g%C5ngs%C4%AB&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Dpt-BR%26id%3DeYwdAQAAMAAJ%26dq%3DBaiman%2BWuman%2BTai%2Bethnic%2Bgroup%26focus%3Dsearchwithinvolume%26q%3Dnot%2Bfounded%2BThai%2Bpcople&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Theobald, Ulrich. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chinaknowledge.de/History/Altera/nanzhao.html">«Nanzhao»</a>. <i>ChinaKnowledge</i> (em inglês)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de novembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.atitle=Nanzhao&rft.aufirst=Ulrich&rft.aulast=Theobald&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ChinaKnowledge&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chinaknowledge.de%2FHistory%2FAltera%2Fnanzhao.html&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Yongjia, Liang (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=Lvl6DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT47#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Religious and Ethnic Revival in a Chinese Minority:</i></a>. The Bai People of Southwest China (em inglês). [S.l.]: Routledge. pp. 47–51</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=Liang&rft.aulast=Yongjia&rft.btitle=Religious+and+Ethnic+Revival+in+a+Chinese+Minority%3A&rft.date=2018&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=47-51&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLvl6DwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT47%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Dotson, Brandon; Hazod, Guntram (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/bdrc-W1KG16696"><i>The Old Tibetan Annals:</i></a>. An Annotated Translation of Tibet's First History (em inglês). [S.l.]: Verlag der osterreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften. p. 36</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.au=Hazod%2C+Guntram&rft.aufirst=Brandon&rft.aulast=Dotson&rft.btitle=The+Old+Tibetan+Annals%3A&rft.date=2009&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Verlag+der+osterreichischen+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbdrc-W1KG16696&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-10">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kumar, Niraj; Driem, George van; Stobdan, Phunchok (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=f-TzDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT37#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Himalayan Bridge</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: Routledge. p. 37</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.au=Driem%2C+George+van&rft.au=Stobdan%2C+Phunchok&rft.aufirst=Niraj&rft.aulast=Kumar&rft.btitle=Himalayan+Bridge&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=37&rft.pub=Routledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Df-TzDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT37%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-11">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Fan, Chengda (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=tv5skyrvzP4C&pg=PA224#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Guihai Yuheng Zhi</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: University of Washington Press. pp. 224 e ss.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=Chengda&rft.aulast=Fan&rft.btitle=Guihai+Yuheng+Zhi&rft.date=2010&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=224+e+ss.&rft.pub=University+of+Washington+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dtv5skyrvzP4C%26pg%3DPA224%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-12">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Blackmore, M. (1960). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20067302">«The Rise of Nan-Chao in Yunnan»</a>. <i>Journal of Southeast Asian History</i> (2): 47–61. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0217-7811">0217-7811</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Consultado em 25 de novembro de 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.atitle=The+Rise+of+Nan-Chao+in+Yunnan&rft.aufirst=M.&rft.aulast=Blackmore&rft.date=1960&rft.genre=article&rft.issn=0217-7811&rft.issue=2&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Southeast+Asian+History&rft.pages=47-61&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20067302&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-b-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-b_13-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-b_13-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-b_13-2">c</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wang, Zhenping (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=L1gEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA105#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia:</i></a>. A History of Diplomacy and War (em inglês). [S.l.]: University of Hawaii Press. p. 105</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=Zhenping&rft.aulast=Wang&rft.btitle=Tang+China+in+Multi-Polar+Asia%3A&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=105&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL1gEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA105%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-14">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Notar, Beth E. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=65YBEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA107#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Displacing Desire:</i></a>. Travel and Popular Culture in China (em inglês). [S.l.]: University of Hawaii Press. p. 107</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=Beth+E.&rft.aulast=Notar&rft.btitle=Displacing+Desire%3A&rft.date=2006&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D65YBEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA107%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-15">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wang (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=L1gEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA108#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia:</i></a>. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 108</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.au=Wang&rft.btitle=Tang+China+in+Multi-Polar+Asia%3A&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=108&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL1gEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA108%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-16">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wang (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=L1gEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA111#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia:</i></a>. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 111</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.au=Wang&rft.btitle=Tang+China+in+Multi-Polar+Asia%3A&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=111&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL1gEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA111%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-17">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Wang (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=L1gEEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA116#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Tang China in Multi-Polar Asia:</i></a>. [S.l.: s.n.] p. 116</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.au=Wang&rft.btitle=Tang+China+in+Multi-Polar+Asia%3A&rft.date=2013&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=116&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DL1gEEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA116%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-18">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Coedès, George (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=iDyJBFTdiwoC&pg=PA95#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>The Indianized States of Southeast Asia</i></a> (em inglês). [S.l.]: University of Hawaii Press. p. 95</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=George&rft.aulast=Coed%C3%A8s&rft.btitle=The+Indianized+States+of+Southeast+Asia&rft.date=1975&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=95&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DiDyJBFTdiwoC%26pg%3DPA95%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-c-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-c_19-0">a</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-c_19-1">b</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-c_19-2">c</a></b></i></sup> <sup><i><b><a href="#cite_ref-c_19-3">d</a></b></i></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Herman, John E. (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com.br/books?id=kKTaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA33#v=onepage&q&f=false"><i>Amid the Clouds and Mist:</i></a>. China’s Colonization of Guizhou, 1200–1700 (em inglês). [S.l.]: BRILL. pp. 33–37</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpt.wikipedia.org%3ANanzhao&rft.aufirst=John+E.&rft.aulast=Herman&rft.btitle=Amid+the+Clouds+and+Mist%3A&rft.date=2020&rft.genre=book&rft.pages=33-37&rft.pub=BRILL&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com.br%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkKTaDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA33%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <ul class="noprint navigation-box" style="border-top: solid silver 1px; border-right: solid silver 1px; border-bottom:1px solid silver; border-left: solid silver 1px; padding:3px; background-color: #F9F9F9; text-align: center; margin-top:10px; margin-left: 0; clear: both;"><li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Asia_(orthographic_projection).svg" title="Portal da Ásia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/25px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/38px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/50px-Asia_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="541" data-file-height="541" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:%C3%81sia" title="Portal:Ásia">Portal da Ásia</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:P_history.svg" title="Portal da história"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/25px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="23" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/38px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/50px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Hist%C3%B3ria" title="Portal:História">Portal da história</a></span></span></li> <li style="display: inline;"><span style="white-space: nowrap; margin: auto 1.5em"><span style="margin-right: 0.5em"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:MUTCD_RS-142.svg" title="Portal da arqueologia"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MUTCD_RS-142.svg/25px-MUTCD_RS-142.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MUTCD_RS-142.svg/38px-MUTCD_RS-142.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0e/MUTCD_RS-142.svg/50px-MUTCD_RS-142.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="91" data-file-height="91" /></a></span></span> <span style="font-weight:bold"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Arqueologia" title="Portal:Arqueologia">Portal da arqueologia</a></span></span></li> </ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Obtida de "<a dir="ltr" href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&oldid=64883171">https://pt.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Nanzhao&oldid=64883171</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Categorias" title="Especial:Categorias">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Estados_extintos_da_%C3%81sia" title="Categoria:Estados extintos da Ásia">Estados extintos da Ásia</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categoria oculta: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:!CS1_ingl%C3%AAs-fontes_em_l%C3%ADngua_(en)" title="Categoria:!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)">!CS1 inglês-fontes em língua (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Esta página foi editada pela última vez às 08h12min de 10 de dezembro de 2022.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Este texto é disponibilizado nos termos da licença <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pt">Atribuição-CompartilhaIgual 4.0 Internacional (CC BY-SA 4.0) da Creative Commons</a>; pode estar sujeito a condições adicionais. 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