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Kuš – Wikipedija/Википедија
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background: #f9f9f9; width: 100%; background: #f9f9f9; border:1px solid black; padding: 2px 5px\"\u003E\n\u003Ctbody\u003E\u003Ctr\u003E\t\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-image\"\u003E\n \u003Cspan typeof=\"mw:File\"\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Mjesec_Azije/2024\" title=\"Wikipedija:Mjesec Azije/2024\"\u003E\u003Cimg src=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/25px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"25\" height=\"27\" class=\"mw-file-element\" srcset=\"//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/38px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/WAM_logo_without_text.svg/50px-WAM_logo_without_text.svg.png 2x\" data-file-width=\"800\" data-file-height=\"859\" /\u003E\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/td\u003E\n\u003Ctd class=\"mbox-text\" style=\"\"\u003E Od 1. do 30. novembra održava se uređivački maraton \u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Wikipedija:Mjesec_Azije/2024\" title=\"Wikipedija:Mjesec Azije/2024\"\u003EMjesec Azije\u003C/a\u003E. \u003C/td\u003E\n\u003C/tr\u003E\n\u003C/tbody\u003E\u003C/table\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sajt"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Sadržaj" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Sadržaj</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Počeci" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Počeci"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Počeci</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Počeci-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Napata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Napata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Napata</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Napata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Seoba_u_Meroë" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Seoba_u_Meroë"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Seoba u Meroë</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Seoba_u_Meroë-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pad" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pad"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Pad</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pad-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-U_Bibliji" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#U_Bibliji"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>U Bibliji</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-U_Bibliji-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literatura" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literatura"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Literatura</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literatura-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterni_linkovi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterni_linkovi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterni linkovi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterni_linkovi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Kuš</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 59 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koesj" title="Koesj — Afrikanerski" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Koesj" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikanerski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A8%E1%8A%A9%E1%88%BD_%E1%88%98%E1%8A%95%E1%8C%8D%E1%88%A5%E1%89%B5" title="የኩሽ መንግሥት — Amharski" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="የኩሽ መንግሥት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4" title="مملكة كوش — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مملكة كوش" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D8%A9_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%B4" title="مملكة كوش — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مملكة كوش" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinu_de_Kush" title="Reinu de Kush — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Reinu de Kush" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88_(%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%8F%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0)" title="Куш (дзяржава) — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Куш (дзяржава)" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88" title="Куш — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Куш" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kush" title="Kush — Bretonski" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kush" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regne_de_Cuix" title="Regne de Cuix — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Regne de Cuix" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%85%D1%8C%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0)" title="Куш (паччахьалла) — Čečenski" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Куш (паччахьалла)" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Čečenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88_(%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%BB%D3%91%D1%85)" title="Куш (патшалӑх) — Čuvaški" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Куш (патшалӑх)" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Čuvaški" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kush" title="Kush — Danski" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kush" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reich_von_Kusch" title="Reich von Kusch — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Reich von Kusch" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CE%B1%CF%83%CE%AF%CE%BB%CE%B5%CE%B9%CE%BF_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%9A%CE%BF%CF%85%CF%82" title="Βασίλειο του Κους — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βασίλειο του Κους" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Kingdom of Kush" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regno_de_Ku%C5%9D" title="Regno de Kuŝ — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Regno de Kuŝ" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Kush" title="Reino de Kush — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Reino de Kush" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuxeko_Erresuma" title="Kuxeko Erresuma — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kuxeko Erresuma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4" title="پادشاهی کوش — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی کوش" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C5%A1" title="Kuš — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuš" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royaume_de_Koush" title="Royaume de Koush — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Royaume de Koush" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%9E%D7%9C%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%9B%D7%95%D7%A9" title="ממלכת כוש — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ממלכת כוש" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कुश राज्य — Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="कुश राज्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C5%A1" title="Kuš — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kuš" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusita_Kir%C3%A1lys%C3%A1g" title="Kusita Királyság — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kusita Királyság" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%94%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B7_(%D5%A9%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6)" title="Քուշ (թագավորություն) — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քուշ (թագավորություն)" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Kush" title="Kerajaan Kush — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kerajaan Kush" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kush" title="Kush — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Kush" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AF%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5" title="クシュ — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="クシュ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A8%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%9D" title="ქუშის სამეფო — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქუშის სამეფო" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BF%A0%EC%8B%9C_%EC%99%95%EA%B5%AD" title="쿠시 왕국 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="쿠시 왕국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C5%A1as" title="Kušas — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Kušas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C5%A1a" title="Kuša — Letonski" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kuša" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanjakan%27_i_Kosy" title="Fanjakan' i Kosy — Malagazijski" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fanjakan' i Kosy" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagazijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%87_%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="कुशचे राज्य — Marati" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="कुशचे राज्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerajaan_Kush" title="Kerajaan Kush — Malajski" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kerajaan Kush" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malajski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koesj_(oudheid)" title="Koesj (oudheid) — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Koesj (oudheid)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konged%C3%B8mmet_Kusj" title="Kongedømmet Kusj — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kongedømmet Kusj" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reiaume_de_Kush" title="Reiaume de Kush — Provansalski" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Reiaume de Kush" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Provansalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kusz_(kraina)" title="Kusz (kraina) — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Kusz (kraina)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%D8%AA" title="کوش بادشاہت — Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="کوش بادشاہت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reino_de_Cuxe" title="Reino de Cuxe — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Reino de Cuxe" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regatul_Ku%C8%99" title="Regatul Kuș — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Regatul Kuș" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Куш (царство) — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Куш (царство)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Kush" title="Kingdom of Kush — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Kingdom of Kush" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraljestvo_Ku%C5%A1" title="Kraljestvo Kuš — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Kraljestvo Kuš" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88" title="Куш — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Куш" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kush" title="Kush — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kush" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B7%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="குஷ் இராச்சியம் — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="குஷ் இராச்சியம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%B8%E0%B8%8A" title="ราชอาณาจักรคุช — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชอาณาจักรคุช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaharian_ng_Kush" title="Kaharian ng Kush — Tagalski" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Kaharian ng Kush" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ku%C5%9F_Krall%C4%B1%C4%9F%C4%B1" title="Kuş Krallığı — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kuş Krallığı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88_(%D1%86%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Куш (царство) — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Куш (царство)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%85%D9%84%DA%A9%D8%AA_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%B4" title="مملکت کوش — Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مملکت کوش" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Kush" title="Vương quốc Kush — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Vương quốc Kush" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ginhadian_han_Kush" title="Ginhadian han Kush — Varej" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Ginhadian han Kush" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Varej" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%93%E6%96%BD" title="库施 — Wu kineski" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="库施" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%BA%AB%E6%96%BD%E7%8E%8B%E5%9C%8B" title="庫施王國 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="庫施王國" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8F%A4%E6%AE%8A" title="古殊 — kantonski" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="古殊" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q241790#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%A1" title="Vidi stranicu sadržaja [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Stranica</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Razgovor:Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Razgovarajte o sadržini ove stranice (stranica ne postoji) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Razgovor</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " 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class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Teme"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Ku%C5%A1"><span>Prikaži</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit" title="Uredite ovu stranicu [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Uredi</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit" title="Uredite izvorni kod ove stranice [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Uredi kod</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=history" title="Pogledajte prethodne verzije ove stranice [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Historija</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav 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koje vode ovamo [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Šta vodi ovamo</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Povezane_izmjene/Ku%C5%A1" rel="nofollow" title="Prelistajte nedavne izmjene stranica koje su povezane s ovom [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Povezane izmjene</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Posebno:Posebne_stranice" title="Pregledajte listu svih posebnih stranica [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Posebne stranice</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&oldid=41393350" title="Nabavite trajnu vezu do ove verzije stranice"><span>Trajna veza</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=info" title="Pronađite više informacija o ovoj stranici"><span>Podaci o stranici</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:Citiraj&page=Ku%C5%A1&id=41393350&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Posebno:DownloadAsPdf&page=Ku%C5%A1&action=show-download-screen"><span>Preuzmi kao PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&printable=yes" title="Odštampajte ovu stranicu [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Odštampaj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Na drugim projektima </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Kush" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q241790" title="Pogledajte povezanu stavku u skladištu podataka [g]" 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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Izvor: Wikipedija</div> </div> <div id="contentSub" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><div id="mw-content-subtitle" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Disambig.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/20px-Disambig.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/30px-Disambig.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/Disambig.svg/40px-Disambig.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="183" /></a></span> <i>Za ostala značenja, vidi <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1_(razvrstavanje)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuš (razvrstavanje) (stranica ne postoji)">Kuš (razvrstavanje)</a>.</i></dd></dl> <table class="infobox" style="background: none; border: none; width: 290px; text-align: center; line-height: 1.4em; margin-right: 0;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="infobox geography vcard vdogađaj" style="width:290px;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" class="mergedtoprow fn org summary" align="center" style="line-height:1.2em; font-size:135%;"><b>Kraljevina Kuš</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border-top: solid 1px #aaa; padding: 0.2em 0em 0.2em 0em; background:#EFEFEF"> <table width="100%" style="text-align:center; margin:0 auto; background:none;"> <tbody><tr> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align:middle; font-size:30%; line-height: 105%;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Egipatsko_Carstvo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Egipatsko Carstvo (stranica ne postoji)"><span style="font-size:300%;">?</span></a> <span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span><br /> </td> <td style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; font-size:115%; border:0"><b>–</b> </td> <td width="50px" style="border:0; vertical-align: middle; text-align:right; line-height: 105%; font-size:30%;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobatija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobatija (stranica ne postoji)"><span style="font-size:300%;">?</span></a><br /> <br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Makurija" title="Makurija"><span style="font-size:300%;">?</span></a><br />  <br /><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Blank.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d2/Blank.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="3" data-file-height="2" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Aksumsko_Carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Aksumsko Carstvo"><span style="font-size:300%;">?</span></a><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:95%; padding:0.6em 0em 0.6em 0em;"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Kush-400aC.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Položaj Kuša"><img alt="Položaj Kuša" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Kush-400aC.jpg/250px-Kush-400aC.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6c/Kush-400aC.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="361" data-file-height="331" /></a><figcaption>Položaj Kuša</figcaption></figure><small></small> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="50%"><b><a href="/wiki/Glavni_grad" title="Glavni grad">Glavni grad</a></b> </td> <td width="50%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kerma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kerma (stranica ne postoji)">Kerma</a>; <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napata</a>; kasnije <a href="/wiki/Meroe" title="Meroe">Meroe</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Jezik/ci</b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meroiti%C4%8Dki_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meroitički jezik (stranica ne postoji)">Meroitički</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staronubijski_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staronubijski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">nubijski</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEavna_religija" title="Državna religija">Religija</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drevna_egipatska_religija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drevna egipatska religija (stranica ne postoji)">Drevna egipatska religija</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Vlast" title="Vlast">Vlast</a></b> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Monarhija" title="Monarhija">Monarhija</a> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedtoprow"> <td><b>Historija</b> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> - Uspostava </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedrow"> <td> - Prijestolnica premještena u Napatu </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr class="mergedbottomrow"> <td> - Prestanak </td> <td> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Kuš</b> je civilizacija koja se razvila južno od drevnog Egipta u <a href="/wiki/Nubija" title="Nubija">Nubiji</a>. Iako je bila pod velikim uticajem Egipta imala je različitu kulturu i često se posmatra kao prva civilizacija u podsaharskoj <a href="/wiki/Afrika" title="Afrika">Africi</a>. Narod koji je živio u tom području se zove <b>Kušiti</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Počeci"><span id="Po.C4.8Deci"></span>Počeci</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Počeci" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Počeci"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prva razvijena društva u Nubiji su nastala prije <a href="/wiki/Druga_dinastija_Egipta" title="Druga dinastija Egipta">Druge egipatske dinastije</a> (<a href="/wiki/3100._pne." class="mw-redirect" title="3100. pne.">3100</a>-<a href="/wiki/2890._pne." class="mw-redirect" title="2890. pne.">2890. pne.</a>). Oko <a href="/wiki/2500._pne." class="mw-redirect" title="2500. pne.">2500. pne.</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egip%C4%87ani" title="Egipćani">Egipćani</a> su se počeli širiti na jug, i iz tog perioda većina današnjih podataka o Kušu (Kush, Cush). Ovaj prodor je zaustavio pad <a href="/wiki/Srednje_egipatsko_kraljevstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Srednje egipatsko kraljevstvo">Srednjeg kraljevstva</a>, te se u to doba razvilo nezavisno kraljevstvo u Nubiji. Oko <a href="/wiki/1500._pne." class="mw-redirect" title="1500. pne.">1500. pne.</a> egipatski prodori su ponovno počeli, ali ih je ovaj put dočekao organizirani otpor. Historičari se spore da li je otpor došao od strane više nezavisnih gradova-država ili od strane jedinstvenog carstva, isto kao i da li su Nubijci ideju države stvorili sami ili kopirali od Egipćana. Na kraju su Egipćani pobijedili, a oblast Nubije je postala egipatska kolonija pod nadzorom <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmosea I</a>, čija je vojska izgradila niz snažnih tvrđava. Oblast Nubije je otada snabdijevala Egipat raznim resursima. </p><p>U 11. vijeku pne. unutrašnji sukobi u Egiptu su doveli do kolapsa kolonijalne vlasti te se stvorilo nezavisno kraljevstvo sa središtem u <a href="/wiki/Napata" title="Napata">Napati</a> u Nubiji. Tim su kraljevstvom vladali lokalni vladari koji su bili svrgnuli kolonijalni režim. U to je vrijeme Kuš bio primjer kulturne difuzije s Egiptom. Kušiti i Egipćani su dijelili mnoga vjerovanja i bogove. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Napata">Napata</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Napata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Napata"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kraljevstvo sa sjedištem u Napati je ujedinio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rose_od_Nubije&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rose od Nubije (stranica ne postoji)">Rose</a> u periodu oko 780-755. pne.; nakon njega je <a href="/wiki/Alara_od_Nubije" title="Alara od Nubije">Alara</a> konačno osnovao Kušitsko kraljevstvo i kao takav su ga priznali njegovi nasljednici. Kraljevstvo je raslo po utjecaju i na kraju počelo dominirati južnom egipatskom regijom oko Elefantine a za vladavine Alarinog nasljednika <a href="/wiki/Kashta" class="mw-redirect" title="Kashta">Kashte</a> i Tebom. Kashta je u <a href="/wiki/8._vijek_pne." title="8. vijek pne.">8. vijeku pne.</a> uspio natjerati Shepenupet I, polusestru <a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelota III</a> i služavku Božje supruge Amen, da usvoji Kashtinu kći <a href="/wiki/Amenirdis_I" title="Amenirdis I">Amenirdis I</a> kao nasljednicu. Nakon ovoga je Teba de facto došla pod nadzor Napate. Vlast Napate je vrhunac dosegla pod kraljkem <a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piyem</a>, Kashtinim nasljednikom, koji je u 20. godini vladavine osvojio cijeli Egipat i ustanovio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dvadesetpeta_dinastije_Egipta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dvadesetpeta dinastije Egipta (stranica ne postoji)">25. dinastiju</a>. </p><p>Kada su <a href="/wiki/Asirija" title="Asirija">Asirci</a> napali Egipat <a href="/wiki/671._pne." title="671. pne.">671. pne.</a>, Kuš je ponovno postao nezavisna država. Posljednji kušitski kralj koji je preuzeo nadzor nad Egiptom bio je <a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tantamani</a>, ali su ga konačno porazili Asirci 664. pne. Nakon toga je moć kušitskih kraljeva nad Egiptom jenjavala i prestala <a href="/wiki/656._pne." title="656. pne.">656. pne.</a> kada je <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a>, osnivač 26. saiske dinastije, ponovno ujedinio Egipat. Godine <a href="/wiki/591._pne." title="591. pne.">591. pne.</a> Egipćani pod <a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Psamtik II">Psamtikom II</a> su napali Kuš, možda zato što se kušitski vladar <a href="/wiki/Aspelta" title="Aspelta">Aspelta</a> spremao napasti Egipat, te osvojili i spalili Napatu. Pola vijeka kasnije Kuš osvaja <a href="/wiki/Ahemenidska_Monarhija" title="Ahemenidska Monarhija">perzijski</a> vladar <a href="/wiki/Kambiz_II." class="mw-redirect" title="Kambiz II.">Kambiz II.</a> koji je ovdje ratovao sa <a href="/wiki/Nubijci" title="Nubijci">Nubijcima</a>, pa Kuš nakratko postaje <a href="/wiki/Satrapija" class="mw-redirect" title="Satrapija">satrapija</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Seoba_u_Meroë"><span id="Seoba_u_Mero.C3.AB"></span>Seoba u Meroë</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Seoba u Meroë" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Seoba u Meroë"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Historijskli zapisi ukazuju da su Aspeltini nasljednici preselili svoju prijestolnicu na jug <a href="/wiki/Mero%C3%AB" class="mw-redirect" title="Meroë">Meroë</a>, mnogo južnije od Napate. Točan datum ove seobe se ne zna, iako neki historičari vjeruju da se zbio za vrijeme Aspeltine vladavine, kao odgovor na egipatsku invaziju Donje Nubije. Drugi historičari vjeruju da je kraljevstvo prema jugu pomaknula izrada predmeta od <a href="/wiki/%C5%BDeljezo" title="Željezo">željeza</a>: oko Meroë, za razliku od Napate, bilo je šuma čije bi se drvo moglo koristiti za <a href="/wiki/Visoka_pe%C4%87" title="Visoka peć">visoke peći</a>. Kasniji dolazak <a href="/wiki/Grci" title="Grci">grčki</a> trgovaca je značio da Kuš više nije ovisio o trgovini duž Nila. Umjesto toga je svoje proizvode mogao izvoziti na obalu <a href="/wiki/Crveno_more" title="Crveno more">Crvenog mora</a> i tamošnje grčke trgovačke kolonije. </p><p>Alternativna teorija navodi da su se stvorile dvije bliske države, jedna sa središtem u Napati, a jedna u Meroë. Država sa sjedištem u Meroëu je s vremenom počela dominirati sjevernom državom. S obzirom da nije pronađena nijedna kraljevska palača sjeverno od Meroë postoje tvrdnje da je Napata bila tek vjersko središte. Međutim Napata je ipak bila važna, s obzirom da su se kraljevi vijekovima tamo krunili i sahranjivali, čak i kada su živjeli u Meroëu. </p><p>Oko godine <a href="/wiki/300._pne." title="300. pne.">300. pne.</a> seoba u Meroë je dovršena i monarsi su se tamo počeli sahranjivati umjesto u Napati. Jedna teorija navodi da su monarsi tada uspjeli nadvladati svećenike u Napati. <a href="/wiki/Diodor_Sikul" class="mw-redirect" title="Diodor Sikul">Diodor Sikul</a> navodi priču o meroitskom vladaru Ergamenu kome su svećenici zapovijedili da se ubije, ali je on prekršio tradiciju i umjesto toga dao pogubiti svećenike. Neki historičari vjeruju da je Ergamen stvari <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arrakkamani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arrakkamani (stranica ne postoji)">Arrakkamani</a>, prvi vladar sahranjen u Meroëu. Međutim, moguće je i da je Ergamen transliteracija za <a href="/w/index.php?title=Arqamani&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Arqamani (stranica ne postoji)">Arqamanija</a>, koji je vladao mnogo godina iza stvaranja kraljevskog groblja u Meroëu. Druga teorija tvrdi da je prijestolnica uvijek bila Meroë. </p><p>Kuš je nastavio postojati vijekovima, ali o njenmu nije bilo mnogo podataka. Ranije je Kuš koristio <a href="/wiki/Egipatski_hijeroglifi" title="Egipatski hijeroglifi">hijeroglife</a>, ali je Meroë razvio vlastito pismo i počeo koristiti <a href="/w/index.php?title=Meroitski_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meroitski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">Meroitski jezik</a>, koji još uvijek nije dešifriran. Država je, po svemu sudeći, uživala prosperitet, trgovala sa susjedima i gradila spomenike i grobnice. Godine <a href="/wiki/23._pne." title="23. pne.">23. pne.</a> <a href="/wiki/Rimsko_Carstvo" title="Rimsko Carstvo">rimski</a> guverner Egipta, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gaj_Petronije_Poncije_Nigrin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gaj Petronije Poncije Nigrin (stranica ne postoji)">Petronije</a>, napao je Nubiju kao odgovor na nubijske napade na južni Egipat te opustošio sjeverne dijelove i spalio Napatu (<a href="/wiki/22._pne." title="22. pne.">22. pne.</a>) prije povratka na sjever. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pad">Pad</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Pad" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Pad"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pad Kuša je predmet žestoke rasprave. Diplomatska misija u doba <a href="/wiki/Neron" title="Neron">Neronove</a> vladavine je putovala u Meroë; (<a href="/wiki/Plinije_Stariji" title="Plinije Stariji">Plinije Stariji</a>, N.H. 6.35). Nakon <a href="/wiki/2._vijek" title="2. vijek">2. vijeka</a> n.e. kraljevski grobovi su postajali sve manji i manje raskošni, a gradnja velikih spomenika je prestala. Sahrane u kraljevskim piramidama su potpuno prestale sredinom <a href="/wiki/4._vijek" title="4. vijek">4. vijeka</a> n.e. Arheološki nalazi pokazuju kulturnu promjenu prema novom društvu poznatom kao X-Gruoa ili <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kultura_Ballana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kultura Ballana (stranica ne postoji)">kultura Ballana</a>. </p><p>To odgovara tradicionalnoj teoriji prema kojoj je kraljevstvo uništila invazija <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezana_of_Axum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezana of Axum (stranica ne postoji)">Ezane od Axuma</a> iz etiopskog <a href="/wiki/Kraljevstvo_Aksum" class="mw-redirect" title="Kraljevstvo Aksum">Aksuma</a> oko <a href="/wiki/340" title="340">340</a>. Međutim, etiopski izvor navodi kršenje pobune u području koje su Etiopljani već kontrolirali. Također se spominje samo "Noba," (latinski "Nobatae") i nema govora o vladarima Meroëa. </p><p>Posljednji vladar Meroëa bio je čovjek po imenu Sect Lie; njegovo pravo ime je izgubljeno. Malo se zna o njemu, a uglavnom je poznat iz narodnih pripovijesti. Bio je omrznut čovjek, koji je žudio za zlatom i ženama. To se ponekad tumači kao razlog za invaziju Meroëa. </p><p>Zbog njega se narod pobunio, a pobunjenici preuzeli vlast u oblasti. Ne zna se gdje je njegov grob. Neki kažu da je nestao, da je uništen i opljačkan. Nakon njega su se Nubijci raspali na mala plemena i postali snažni ratnici, te se s Rimljanima borili za nadzor Nubije, odnosno donje Delte Nila. </p><p>Mnogi historičari vjeruju da su Nuba isti narod koji su Rimljani zvali <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobatae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobatae (stranica ne postoji)">Nobatae</a>. <a href="/wiki/Prokopije" title="Prokopije">Prokopije</a> piše kako se Rimsko Carstvo povuklo iz sjeverne Nubije godine <a href="/wiki/272" title="272">272</a>, te pozvalo Nobatae da ispune vakuum. </p><p>Važan element priče o Kušzu su <a href="/w/index.php?title=Blemijci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blemijci (stranica ne postoji)">Blemijci</a>, najvjerojatniji preci naroda <a href="/wiki/Narod_Bed%C5%BEa" class="mw-redirect" title="Narod Bedža">Bedža</a>. To su bili pustinjski ratnici koji su prijetili rimskim posjedima te ih natjerali da se povuku na granice koje se moglo lakše braniti. Na kraju 4. vijeka n.e. su uspjeli preuzeti nadzor nad dijelom doline Nila oko <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kalabsha&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kalabsha (stranica ne postoji)">Kalabshe</a> u Donjoj Nubiji. </p><p>Oko 6. vijeka nove države su se stvorile na području kojim je nekada upravljao Meroë. Izgleda da su Nobatae evoluirali u državu <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nobatija&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nobatija (stranica ne postoji)">Nobatija</a>, te su također bili dio kulture Ballana culture i dvije druge države u oblasti - <a href="/wiki/Makurija" title="Makurija">Makurija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Alodija" title="Alodija">Alodija</a>. Kraljevi Nuba su u međuvremenu oko godine 450. u pustinju protjerali narod Bedža. Nove nubijske države su naslijedile veliki dio Kuša, ali su bile drukčije. Govorio se <a href="/w/index.php?title=Staronubijski_jezik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Staronubijski jezik (stranica ne postoji)">staronubijski</a> i pisalo modificiranom verzijom <a href="/w/index.php?title=Koptski_alfabet&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koptski alfabet (stranica ne postoji)">koptskog alfabeta</a>; meroitski jezik i pismo su potpuno nestalo. Za razliku od prethodnika, te su države imale oružje naprednije od tehnologije Kuša. </p><p>Porijeklo Nuba/Nobatae koji su naslijedili Meroë je nesigurno. Mogli su biti nomadski osvjači sa zapada koji su osvojili područje te nametnuli jezik i kulturu starosjediocima. <a href="/w/index.php?title=P.L._Shinnie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="P.L. Shinnie (stranica ne postoji)">P.L. Shinnie</a> špekulira da su Nobatae u stvari starosjedioci oblasti Napata kojima su vjekovima vladali meroitski vladari, te da riječ <i>Nobatae</i> direktno potječe od riječi <i>Napata</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="U_Bibliji">U Bibliji</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak U Bibliji" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka U Bibliji"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ime za ovu civilizaciju dolazi iz <a href="/wiki/Stari_Zavjet" class="mw-redirect" title="Stari Zavjet">Starog Zavjeta</a> gdje je <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1_(sin_Hamov)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kuš (sin Hamov) (stranica ne postoji)">Kuš</a> (hebrejski: כוש) bio jedan od sinova <a href="/wiki/Ham_(sin_Noin)" title="Ham (sin Noin)">Hama</a> koji se naselio u Sjeveroistočnoj Africi. U <a href="/wiki/Biblija" title="Biblija">Bibliji</a> i starijim knjigama se velika regija koja pokriva sjeverni Sudan, suvremeni južni Egipat i dijelove <a href="/wiki/Etiopija" title="Etiopija">Etiopije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritreja" title="Eritreja">Eritreje</a> i <a href="/wiki/Somalija" title="Somalija">Somalije</a> naziva Kuš. Biblija spominje Kuš u nekoliko navrata. Neki pak tvrde da je Kuš bio u južnoj <a href="/wiki/Arabija" title="Arabija">Arabiji</a>. V. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biblijski_Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biblijski Kuš (stranica ne postoji)">Biblijski Kuš</a> za više detalja. </p><p>Neki naučnici vjeruju da je Kuš ista ličnost kao i <a href="/wiki/Lugalbanda" title="Lugalbanda">Lugalbanda</a> iz Epa o Gilgamešu. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lista_Ku%C5%A1itskih_kraljeva" class="mw-redirect" title="Lista Kušitskih kraljeva">Lista Kušitskih kraljeva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubijske_piramide" title="Nubijske piramide">Nubijske piramide</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="citation web"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090602220158/http://www.livius.org/da-dd/darius/darius_i_t09.html">„Darije: Četiri carske liste, Livius.org”</a>. Arhivirano iz <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.livius.org/da-dd/darius/darius_i_t09.html">originala</a> na datum 2009-06-02<span class="reference-accessdate">. Pristupljeno 2013-06-12</span>.</span><span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.btitle=Darije%3A+%C4%8Cetiri+carske+liste%2C+Livius.org&rft.atitle=&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fweb.archive.org%2Fweb%2F20090602220158%2Fhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.livius.org%2Fda-dd%2Fdarius%2Fdarius_i_t09.html&rfr_id=info:sid/en.wikipedia.org:Ku%C5%A1"><span style="display: none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatura">Literatura</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Literatura" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Literatura"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Jean Leclant. "The empire of Kush: Napata and Meroe" <i>UNESCO General History of Africa</i></li> <li>A. Hakem with I. Hrbek and J. Vercoutter. "The civilization of Napata and Meroe" <i>UNESCO General History of Africa</i></li> <li>P.L. Shinnie. "The Nilotic Sudan and Ethiopia c. 660 BC to c. AD 600" <i>Cambridge History of Africa - Volume 2</i> Cambridge University Press, 1978.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterni_linkovi">Eksterni linkovi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Eksterni linkovi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ku%C5%A1&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Eksterni linkovi"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Kush" title="commons:Category:Kingdom of Kush"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Kingdom_of_Kush" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Kingdom of Kush">Kuš</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/KUSH.HTM">On Kush</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070501062512/http://www.wsu.edu:8080/~dee/CIVAFRCA/KUSH.HTM">Arhivirano</a> 2007-05-01 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41348688">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist 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