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Available in 8 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-8" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">8 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_Known_Text" title="Well Known Text – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Well Known Text" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well_Known_Text" title="Well Known Text – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Well Known Text" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text" title="Well-known text – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Well-known text" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-Known_Text" title="Well-Known Text – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Well-Known Text" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-Known-Text" title="Well-Known-Text – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Well-Known-Text" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text" title="Well-known text – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Well-known text" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry" title="Well-known text representation of geometry – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Well-known text representation of geometry" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" 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searchaux" style="display:none">Computer markup language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Well-known text" redirects here. For representation of coordinate reference systems, see <a href="/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_coordinate_reference_systems" title="Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems">Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems</a>.</div> <p><b>Well-known text</b> (<b>WKT</b>) is a text <a href="/wiki/Markup_language" title="Markup language">markup language</a> for representing <a href="/wiki/Vector_graphics" title="Vector graphics">vector</a> <a href="/wiki/Geometry" title="Geometry">geometry</a> objects. A <a href="/wiki/Binary_file" title="Binary file">binary</a> equivalent, known as <b>well-known binary</b> (<b>WKB</b>), is used to transfer and store the same information in a more compact form convenient for computer processing but that is not human-readable. The formats were originally defined by the <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">Open Geospatial Consortium</a> (OGC) and described in their <a href="/wiki/Simple_Feature_Access" class="mw-redirect" title="Simple Feature Access">Simple Feature Access</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SFA_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SFA-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current standard definition is in the ISO/IEC 13249-3:2016 standard.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geometric_objects">Geometric objects</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Geometric objects"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>WKT can represent the following distinct geometric objects: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Point_(geometry)" title="Point (geometry)">Point</a>, MultiPoint</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_chain" title="Polygonal chain">LineString</a>, MultiLineString</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">Polygon</a>, MultiPolygon, <a href="/wiki/Triangle" title="Triangle">Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polyhedron" title="Polyhedron">PolyhedralSurface</a></li> <li>TIN (<a href="/wiki/Triangulated_irregular_network" title="Triangulated irregular network">Triangulated irregular network</a>)</li> <li>GeometryCollection</li></ul> <p>Coordinates for geometries may be 2D (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>), <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">3D</a> (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>z</i>), 4D (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>z</i>, <i>m</i>) with an <i>m</i> value that is part of a <a href="/wiki/Linear_referencing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear referencing system">linear referencing system</a> or 2D with an <i>m</i> value (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>, <i>m</i>). Three-dimensional geometries are designated by a "Z" after the geometry type and geometries with a <a href="/wiki/Linear_referencing_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Linear referencing system">linear referencing system</a> have an "M" after the geometry type. Empty geometries that contain no coordinates can be specified by using the symbol <code>EMPTY</code> after the type name. </p><p>WKT geometries are used throughout OGC specifications and are present in applications that implement these specifications. For example, <a href="/wiki/PostGIS" title="PostGIS">PostGIS</a> contains functions that can convert geometries to and from a WKT representation, making them human readable. </p><p>The OGC standard definition requires a polygon to be topologically closed. It also states that if the exterior linear ring of a polygon is defined in a counterclockwise direction, then it will be seen from the "top". Any interior linear rings should be defined in opposite fashion compared to the exterior ring, in this case, clockwise.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Geometry primitives (2D) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th colspan="2">Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Point_(geometry)" title="Point (geometry)">Point</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_Point.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SFA_Point.svg/51px-SFA_Point.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SFA_Point.svg/77px-SFA_Point.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/SFA_Point.svg/102px-SFA_Point.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>POINT (30 10)</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Polygonal_chain" title="Polygonal chain">LineString</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_LineString.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/SFA_LineString.svg/51px-SFA_LineString.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/SFA_LineString.svg/77px-SFA_LineString.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/SFA_LineString.svg/102px-SFA_LineString.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>LINESTRING (30 10, 10 30, 40 40)</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">Polygon</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_Polygon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SFA_Polygon.svg/51px-SFA_Polygon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SFA_Polygon.svg/77px-SFA_Polygon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/SFA_Polygon.svg/102px-SFA_Polygon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>POLYGON ((30 10, 40 40, 20 40, 10 20, 30 10))</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_Polygon_with_hole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SFA_Polygon_with_hole.svg/51px-SFA_Polygon_with_hole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SFA_Polygon_with_hole.svg/77px-SFA_Polygon_with_hole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/SFA_Polygon_with_hole.svg/102px-SFA_Polygon_with_hole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>POLYGON ((35 10, 45 45, 15 40, 10 20, 35 10),<br /> (20 30, 35 35, 30 20, 20 30))</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Multipart geometries (2D) </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type </th> <th colspan="2">Examples </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Point_(geometry)" title="Point (geometry)">MultiPoint</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_MultiPoint.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/SFA_MultiPoint.svg/51px-SFA_MultiPoint.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/SFA_MultiPoint.svg/77px-SFA_MultiPoint.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/SFA_MultiPoint.svg/102px-SFA_MultiPoint.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>MULTIPOINT ((10 40), (40 30), (20 20), (30 10))</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><code>MULTIPOINT (10 40, 40 30, 20 20, 30 10)</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Line_segment" title="Line segment">MultiLineString</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_MultiLineString.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SFA_MultiLineString.svg/51px-SFA_MultiLineString.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SFA_MultiLineString.svg/77px-SFA_MultiLineString.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/SFA_MultiLineString.svg/102px-SFA_MultiLineString.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>MULTILINESTRING ((10 10, 20 20, 10 40),<br /> (40 40, 30 30, 40 20, 30 10))</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Polygon" title="Polygon">MultiPolygon</a> </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_MultiPolygon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/SFA_MultiPolygon.svg/51px-SFA_MultiPolygon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/SFA_MultiPolygon.svg/77px-SFA_MultiPolygon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/SFA_MultiPolygon.svg/102px-SFA_MultiPolygon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>MULTIPOLYGON (((30 20, 45 40, 10 40, 30 20)),<br /> ((15 5, 40 10, 10 20, 5 10, 15 5)))</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_MultiPolygon_with_hole.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SFA_MultiPolygon_with_hole.svg/51px-SFA_MultiPolygon_with_hole.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SFA_MultiPolygon_with_hole.svg/77px-SFA_MultiPolygon_with_hole.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/SFA_MultiPolygon_with_hole.svg/102px-SFA_MultiPolygon_with_hole.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>MULTIPOLYGON (((40 40, 20 45, 45 30, 40 40)),<br /> ((20 35, 10 30, 10 10, 30 5, 45 20, 20 35),<br /> (30 20, 20 15, 20 25, 30 20)))</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GeometryCollection </td> <td><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SFA_GeometryCollection.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/SFA_GeometryCollection.svg/51px-SFA_GeometryCollection.svg.png" decoding="async" width="51" height="51" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/SFA_GeometryCollection.svg/77px-SFA_GeometryCollection.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/SFA_GeometryCollection.svg/102px-SFA_GeometryCollection.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="51" data-file-height="51" /></a></span> </td> <td><code>GEOMETRYCOLLECTION (POINT (40 10), <br /> LINESTRING (10 10, 20 20, 10 40), <br /> POLYGON ((40 40, 20 45, 45 30, 40 40)))</code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The following are some other examples of geometric WKT strings: (Note: Each item below is an individual geometry.) </p> <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre><span></span>GEOMETRYCOLLECTION(POINT(4 6),LINESTRING(4 6,7 10)) POINT ZM (1 1 5 60) POINT M (1 1 80) POINT EMPTY MULTIPOLYGON EMPTY TRIANGLE((0 0 0,0 1 0,1 1 0,0 0 0)) TIN (((0 0 0, 0 0 1, 0 1 0, 0 0 0)), ((0 0 0, 0 1 0, 1 1 0, 0 0 0))) POLYHEDRALSURFACE Z ( PATCHES ((0 0 0, 0 1 0, 1 1 0, 1 0 0, 0 0 0)), ((0 0 0, 0 1 0, 0 1 1, 0 0 1, 0 0 0)), ((0 0 0, 1 0 0, 1 0 1, 0 0 1, 0 0 0)), ((1 1 1, 1 0 1, 0 0 1, 0 1 1, 1 1 1)), ((1 1 1, 1 0 1, 1 0 0, 1 1 0, 1 1 1)), ((1 1 1, 1 1 0, 0 1 0, 0 1 1, 1 1 1)) ) </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Well-known_binary">Well-known binary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Well-known binary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Well-known binary (WKB) representations are typically shown in <a href="/wiki/Hexadecimal" title="Hexadecimal">hexadecimal</a> strings. </p><p>The first <a href="/wiki/Byte" title="Byte">byte</a> indicates the <a href="/wiki/Byte_order" class="mw-redirect" title="Byte order">byte order</a> for the data: </p> <ul><li><code>00</code> : big endian</li> <li><code>01</code> : little endian</li></ul> <p>The next 4 bytes are a <a href="/wiki/Integer_(computer_science)#Common_integral_data_types" title="Integer (computer science)">32-bit unsigned integer</a> for the geometry type, as described below: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Geometry types, and WKB integer codes </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Type</th> <th>2D</th> <th>Z</th> <th>M</th> <th>ZM </th></tr> <tr> <td>Geometry </td> <td><code>0000</code></td> <td><code>1000</code></td> <td><code>2000</code></td> <td><code>3000</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Point </td> <td><code>0001</code></td> <td><code>1001</code></td> <td><code>2001</code></td> <td><code>3001</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>LineString </td> <td><code>0002</code></td> <td><code>1002</code></td> <td><code>2002</code></td> <td><code>3002</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Polygon </td> <td><code>0003</code></td> <td><code>1003</code></td> <td><code>2003</code></td> <td><code>3003</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MultiPoint </td> <td><code>0004</code></td> <td><code>1004</code></td> <td><code>2004</code></td> <td><code>3004</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MultiLineString </td> <td><code>0005</code></td> <td><code>1005</code></td> <td><code>2005</code></td> <td><code>3005</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MultiPolygon </td> <td><code>0006</code></td> <td><code>1006</code></td> <td><code>2006</code></td> <td><code>3006</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GeometryCollection </td> <td><code>0007</code></td> <td><code>1007</code></td> <td><code>2007</code></td> <td><code>3007</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CircularString </td> <td><code>0008</code></td> <td><code>1008</code></td> <td><code>2008</code></td> <td><code>3008</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CompoundCurve </td> <td><code>0009</code></td> <td><code>1009</code></td> <td><code>2009</code></td> <td><code>3009</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CurvePolygon </td> <td><code>0010</code></td> <td><code>1010</code></td> <td><code>2010</code></td> <td><code>3010</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MultiCurve </td> <td><code>0011</code></td> <td><code>1011</code></td> <td><code>2011</code></td> <td><code>3011</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>MultiSurface </td> <td><code>0012</code></td> <td><code>1012</code></td> <td><code>2012</code></td> <td><code>3012</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Curve </td> <td><code>0013</code></td> <td><code>1013</code></td> <td><code>2013</code></td> <td><code>3013</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Surface </td> <td><code>0014</code></td> <td><code>1014</code></td> <td><code>2014</code></td> <td><code>3014</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PolyhedralSurface </td> <td><code>0015</code></td> <td><code>1015</code></td> <td><code>2015</code></td> <td><code>3015</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>TIN </td> <td><code>0016</code></td> <td><code>1016</code></td> <td><code>2016</code></td> <td><code>3016</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Triangle </td> <td><code>0017</code></td> <td><code>1017</code></td> <td><code>2017</code></td> <td><code>3017</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Circle </td> <td><code>0018</code></td> <td><code>1018</code></td> <td><code>2018</code></td> <td><code>3018</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>GeodesicString </td> <td><code>0019</code></td> <td><code>1019</code></td> <td><code>2019</code></td> <td><code>3019</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>EllipticalCurve </td> <td><code>0020</code></td> <td><code>1020</code></td> <td><code>2020</code></td> <td><code>3020</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>NurbsCurve </td> <td><code>0021</code></td> <td><code>1021</code></td> <td><code>2021</code></td> <td><code>3021</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Clothoid </td> <td><code>0022</code></td> <td><code>1022</code></td> <td><code>2022</code></td> <td><code>3022</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>SpiralCurve </td> <td><code>0023</code></td> <td><code>1023</code></td> <td><code>2023</code></td> <td><code>3023</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>CompoundSurface </td> <td><code>0024</code></td> <td><code>1024</code></td> <td><code>2024</code></td> <td><code>3024</code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>BrepSolid </td> <td><code></code></td> <td><code>1025</code></td> <td><code></code></td> <td><code></code> </td></tr> <tr> <td>AffinePlacement </td> <td><code>102</code></td> <td><code>1102</code></td> <td><code></code></td> <td><code></code> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Each data type has a unique data structure, such as the number of points or linear rings, followed by coordinates in <a href="/wiki/Double-precision_floating-point_format" title="Double-precision floating-point format">64-bit double</a> numbers. </p><p>For example, the geometry <code>POINT(2.0 4.0)</code> is represented as: <code><span style="background:yellow">00</span><span style="background:lightblue">00000001</span><span style="background:lightsalmon">4000000000000000</span><span style="background:lightgreen">4010000000000000</span></code>, where: </p> <ul><li>1-byte integer <code><span style="background:yellow">00</span></code> or 0: big endian</li> <li>4-byte integer <code><span style="background:lightblue">00000001</span></code> or 1: POINT (2D)</li> <li>8-byte float <code><span style="background:lightsalmon">4000000000000000</span></code> or 2.0: <i>x</i>-coordinate</li> <li>8-byte float <code><span style="background:lightgreen">4010000000000000</span></code> or 4.0: <i>y</i>-coordinate</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Format_variations">Format variations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Format variations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><i>EWKT</i> and <i>EWKB</i> – <i>Extended Well-Known Text/Binary</i></dt> <dd>A <a href="/wiki/PostGIS" title="PostGIS">PostGIS</a>-specific format that includes the <a href="/wiki/Spatial_reference_system_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Spatial reference system identifier">spatial reference system identifier</a> (SRID) and up to 4 ordinate values (XYZM).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example: <code>SRID=4326;POINT(-44.3 60.1)</code> to locate a longitude/latitude coordinate using the <a href="/wiki/World_Geodetic_System" title="World Geodetic System">WGS 84</a> reference coordinate system. It also supports circular curves, following elements named (but not fully defined) within the original WKT: CircularString, CompoundCurve, CurvePolygon and CompoundSurface.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><i>AGF Text</i> – <a href="/wiki/Autodesk" title="Autodesk">Autodesk</a> Geometry Format</dt> <dd>An extension to <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">OGC</a>'s Standard (at the time), to include curved elements; most notably used in <a href="/wiki/MapGuide" class="mw-redirect" title="MapGuide">MapGuide</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simple_Features" title="Simple Features">Simple Features</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_Markup_Language" title="Geography Markup Language">Geography Markup Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Well-known_text_representation_of_coordinate_reference_systems" title="Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems">Well-known text representation of coordinate reference systems</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SFA-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SFA_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerring2011" class="citation cs2">Herring, John R., ed. (2011-05-28), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa"><i>OpenGIS® Implementation Standard for Geographic information – Simple feature access – Part 1: Common architecture</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_Geospatial_Consortium" title="Open Geospatial Consortium">Open Geospatial Consortium</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-28</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=OpenGIS%C2%AE+Implementation+Standard+for+Geographic+information+%E2%80%93+Simple+feature+access+%E2%80%93+Part+1%3A+Common+architecture&rft.pub=Open+Geospatial+Consortium&rft.date=2011-05-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opengeospatial.org%2Fstandards%2Fsfa&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWell-known+text+representation+of+geometry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/60343.html"><i>Information technology – Database languages – SQL multimedia and application packages – Part 3: Spatial</i></a> (5th ed.), <a href="/wiki/International_Organization_for_Standardization" title="International Organization for Standardization">ISO</a>, 2016-01-15<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2019-01-28</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Information+technology+%E2%80%93+Database+languages+%E2%80%93+SQL+multimedia+and+application+packages+%E2%80%93+Part+3%3A+Spatial&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=ISO&rft.date=2016-01-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.iso.org%2Fstandard%2F60343.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWell-known+text+representation+of+geometry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See the OGC Implementation Specification for geographic information – Simple Feature Access, section 6.1.11.1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa">http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/postgis/postgis/blob/2.1.0/doc/ZMSgeoms.txt">"Postgis/Postgis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/GitHub" title="GitHub">GitHub</a></i>. 6 October 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GitHub&rft.atitle=Postgis%2FPostgis&rft.date=2021-10-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgithub.com%2Fpostgis%2Fpostgis%2Fblob%2F2.1.0%2Fdoc%2FZMSgeoms.txt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWell-known+text+representation+of+geometry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postgis.net/docs/ST_GeomFromEWKT.html">"ST_GeomFromEWKT"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2022-11-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ST_GeomFromEWKT&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostgis.net%2Fdocs%2FST_GeomFromEWKT.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWell-known+text+representation+of+geometry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://postgis.net/docs/manual-1.4/ch04.html">"Chapter 4: Using PostGIS: Data Management and Queries"</a>. <i>postgis.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-07-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=postgis.net&rft.atitle=Chapter+4%3A+Using+PostGIS%3A+Data+Management+and+Queries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpostgis.net%2Fdocs%2Fmanual-1.4%2Fch04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWell-known+text+representation+of+geometry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://mapguide.ca/mapguide/help/webapi/da/dc0/group___agf_text.htm">"MapGuide API Reference: AGF Text"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-09-14</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=MapGuide+API+Reference%3A+AGF+Text&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmapguide.ca%2Fmapguide%2Fhelp%2Fwebapi%2Fda%2Fdc0%2Fgroup___agf_text.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWell-known+text+representation+of+geometry" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opengeospatial.org/standards/sfa">Simple Feature Access</a> Specification</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.iso.org/standard/60343.html">ISO Spatial standard (there is a charge for this)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://git.osgeo.org/gitea/postgis/postgis/src/branch/master/doc/bnf-wkt.txt">BNF Notation of WKT</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230103103049/https://git.osgeo.org/gitea/postgis/postgis/src/branch/master/doc/bnf-wkt.txt">Archived</a> 2023-01-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/cleder/parsewkt/blob/master/parsewkt/Wkt.ebnf">EBNF Notation of WKT</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rodic.fr/blog/online-conversion-between-geometric-formats/">Online conversion between geometry objects representations</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry&oldid=1177433825">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Well-known_text_representation_of_geometry&oldid=1177433825</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:GIS_file_formats" title="Category:GIS file formats">GIS file formats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Markup_languages" title="Category:Markup languages">Markup languages</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 27 September 2023, at 15:37<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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