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.infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Angelo Italia</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1628-05-08</span>)</span>8 May 1628<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace">Licata, Sicily, Italy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">5 May 1700<span style="display:none">(1700-05-05)</span> (aged 71)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Palermo, Sicily, Italy</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Jesuit and architect</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St._Francis_Xavier_church.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/St._Francis_Xavier_church.JPG/220px-St._Francis_Xavier_church.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/St._Francis_Xavier_church.JPG/330px-St._Francis_Xavier_church.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/St._Francis_Xavier_church.JPG/440px-St._Francis_Xavier_church.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1899" data-file-height="1454" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Francesco_Saverio,_Palermo" title="San Francesco Saverio, Palermo">San Francesco Saverio</a>, Palermo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chiesa_Madre_Palma_Montechiaro.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Chiesa_Madre_Palma_Montechiaro.JPG/220px-Chiesa_Madre_Palma_Montechiaro.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Chiesa_Madre_Palma_Montechiaro.JPG/330px-Chiesa_Madre_Palma_Montechiaro.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Chiesa_Madre_Palma_Montechiaro.JPG/440px-Chiesa_Madre_Palma_Montechiaro.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1704" data-file-height="2272" /></a><figcaption>Chiesa Madre, Palma di Montechiaro, Sicily</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mazzarino_Chiesa_Santa_Maria_della_Neve.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mazzarino_Chiesa_Santa_Maria_della_Neve.JPG/220px-Mazzarino_Chiesa_Santa_Maria_della_Neve.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mazzarino_Chiesa_Santa_Maria_della_Neve.JPG/330px-Mazzarino_Chiesa_Santa_Maria_della_Neve.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Mazzarino_Chiesa_Santa_Maria_della_Neve.JPG/440px-Mazzarino_Chiesa_Santa_Maria_della_Neve.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1197" data-file-height="960" /></a><figcaption>Mazzarino, facade of the Parish Church of Our Lady of the Snow</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pianta_di_Avola.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pianta_di_Avola.JPG/220px-Pianta_di_Avola.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pianta_di_Avola.JPG/330px-Pianta_di_Avola.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Pianta_di_Avola.JPG/440px-Pianta_di_Avola.JPG 2x" data-file-width="663" data-file-height="429" /></a><figcaption>1756 print showing the layout of Avola</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Angelo Italia</b> (8 May 1628 – 5 May 1700)<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was an <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baroque_architecture" title="Baroque architecture">Baroque architect</a>, who was born in <a href="/wiki/Licata" title="Licata">Licata</a> and died in <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a>. He designed a number of churches in <a href="/wiki/Sicily" title="Sicily">Sicily</a>, and later worked to reconstruct three cities following the <a href="/wiki/1693_Sicily_earthquake" title="1693 Sicily earthquake">1693 Sicily earthquake</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biography">Biography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Biography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Angelo_Italia" title="Special:EditPage/Angelo Italia">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Angelo+Italia%22">"Angelo Italia"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Angelo+Italia%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Angelo+Italia%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Angelo+Italia%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Angelo+Italia%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Angelo+Italia%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>His father was a master mason in Licata, from whom he received technical training.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His first work as an architect was the construction of the Chiesa di Sant'Angelo Carmelitano in Licata, dated 1653.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Santangelo_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santangelo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1671 he joined the order of the Jesuits<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> at the age of 43 and after his <a href="/wiki/Novitiate" title="Novitiate">novitiate</a> in <a href="/wiki/Messina" title="Messina">Messina</a> in 1671–1672<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> he went to the Jesuit College in Palermo. The originality of his designs for the Holy Sacrament of Palermo and the Jesuit church of San Francesco da Saverio indicates that it is likely that his architectural studies had taken him to <a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a>, <a href="/wiki/Naples" title="Naples">Naples</a> and other Italian cities, and that he was familiar with the works of <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borromini" title="Francesco Borromini">Francesco Borromini</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TravelAol_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TravelAol-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Rainaldi" title="Girolamo Rainaldi">Girolamo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Rainaldi" title="Carlo Rainaldi">Carlo Rainaldi</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pietro_da_Cortona" title="Pietro da Cortona">Pietro da Cortona</a>. He saw the work of <a href="/wiki/Guarino_Guarini" title="Guarino Guarini">Guarino Guarini</a> in Messina in 1672,<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and this influenced him in a decisive way. He may also have met Borromini in Messina, since Italia's unusual design for the Jesuit College of <a href="/wiki/Mazara_del_Vallo" title="Mazara del Vallo">Mazara del Vallo</a> shows Borromini's influence. </p><p>Between 1685 and 1692 was in the service of the powerful and cultured Carlo Carafa Branciforte, Prince of Butera, for the realisation of the Chiesa Santa Maria della Neve (Church of St. Mary of the Snow) in <a href="/wiki/Mazzarino,_Sicily" title="Mazzarino, Sicily">Mazzarino</a>. </p><p>After the devastating <a href="/wiki/1693_Sicily_earthquake" title="1693 Sicily earthquake">east Sicilian earthquake of 1693</a>, Italia designed the cities of <a href="/wiki/Avola" title="Avola">Avola</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Lentini" title="Lentini">Lentini</a>, and then <a href="/wiki/Noto" title="Noto">Noto</a>. These three new urbanization projects establish him as the most important figure in the reconstruction. </p><p>He remained in eastern Sicily until he returned to Palermo in 1700, where he died. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>His works show several influences, and the use of the hexagonal shape is a characteristic feature of Italia's work; for example, in the Chapel of the Crucifix in the Cathedral of <a href="/wiki/Monreale" title="Monreale">Monreale</a>, the church of Palermo St. Francis Xavier, and in the street plan of Avola. His major works include: </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Architecture">Architecture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Architecture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>Chiesa di Sant'Angelo Carmelitano, <a href="/wiki/Licata" title="Licata">Licata</a> (from 1653)</b><sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Santangelo_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Santangelo-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Chiesa Madre, <a href="/wiki/Palma_di_Montechiaro" title="Palma di Montechiaro">Palma di Montechiaro</a> (1666)</b>. This church, which was built by the family Tomasi di Lampedusa, founders and feudal lords of the city, is a longitudinal plan with three <a href="/wiki/Nave" title="Nave">naves</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Transept" title="Transept">transept</a> and dome. The white-stone church stands in a dominant position at the top of a long flight of steps,<sup id="cite_ref-Ansari_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ansari-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and shows a maturity of technical skill and familiarity with the architectural developments of the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Chiesa di S. Girolamo in <a href="/wiki/Polizzi_Generosa" title="Polizzi Generosa">Polizzi</a> (1681)</b>, attached to the college of the Jesuits, was almost contemporary with the most famous church of St. Francis Xavier and presents a central octagonal plan with radiating chapels.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/San_Francesco_Saverio,_Palermo" title="San Francesco Saverio, Palermo">Church of San Francesco Saverio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Palermo" title="Palermo">Palermo</a> (1685)</b>, was built between 1685 and 1710 in the district dell'Albergharia in Palermo.<sup id="cite_ref-TravelAol_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TravelAol-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The building is considered a masterpiece of architecture and has an octagonal central plan, the result of an overlap between a <a href="/wiki/Greek_cross" class="mw-redirect" title="Greek cross">Greek cross</a> and a square, corresponding to the vertices of which there are four hexagonal chapels<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> connected to each them to form a sort of <a href="/wiki/Ambulatory" title="Ambulatory">ambulatory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The central space is covered with a large dome resting only on sturdy columns. The side chapels are also covered with small domes and bright. The result is a complex space and fully Baroque showing the influence of the work of Guarini and Borromini.<sup id="cite_ref-TravelAol_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TravelAol-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work was interrupted by financial difficulties, and by 1700 the church was still without its facade, dome and some of the interior decoration. It was completed in 1730.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Church of Santa Maria della Neve in <a href="/wiki/Mazzarino,_Sicily" title="Mazzarino, Sicily">Mazzarino</a></b>, commissioned by Carlo Carafa Branciforte, Prince of Butera,<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliasudest_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliasudest-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was designed with one large <a href="/wiki/Barrel-vaulted" class="mw-redirect" title="Barrel-vaulted">barrel-vaulted</a> nave. It is listed in the works of Angelo Italy since 1685, but remained unfinished, perhaps because of technical difficulties related to the vaulted roof, or perhaps due to the death of the architect, or funding problems. It was completed only in the nineteenth century, but with three naves.<sup id="cite_ref-Siciliasudest_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Siciliasudest-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Chiesa del Collegio della Compagnia di Gesù dedicated to St. <a href="/wiki/Francesco_Borgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Francesco Borgia">Francesco Borgia</a> in <a href="/wiki/Catania" title="Catania">Catania</a></b> was reconstructed after the 1693 earthquake. Italia produced plans based on the foundations of a previously destroyed church, but the building work then took place between 1698 and 1736,<sup id="cite_ref-Rotary_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rotary-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the church was consecrated in 1754.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Basilica of Santa Maria Assunta in <a href="/wiki/Alcamo" title="Alcamo">Alcamo</a> (1699)</b> was designed in collaboration with architect Giuseppe Diamante, and returns to the traditional basilica plan, with three naves that expand laterally in a series of chapels.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built on a pre-existing medieval site after the architect's death, and was adorned with large frescoes by the Flemish <a href="/wiki/Guglielmo_Borremans" title="Guglielmo Borremans">Guglielmo Borremans</a>. The facade of Emanuele Cardona is late eighteenth century.</li> <li><b>Chapel of the Crucifix in the <a href="/wiki/Cathedral_of_Monreale" class="mw-redirect" title="Cathedral of Monreale">Cathedral of Monreale</a> (1672)</b>: the design of the chapel (with Paolo Amato), glowing with coloured marbles,<sup id="cite_ref-Fabbri2000_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fabbri2000-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a testament to Italia's interest in <a href="/wiki/Polychromy" class="mw-redirect" title="Polychromy">polychromy</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> is characterized by a complex biblical <a href="/wiki/Iconography" title="Iconography">iconography</a> of the walls and floor, inlaid with a depiction of the Shipwreck of <a href="/wiki/Jonah" title="Jonah">Jonah</a>.</li> <li><b>Carmine Maggiore in Palermo</b>: new construction of the dome, with characteristic <a href="/wiki/Grotesques" class="mw-redirect" title="Grotesques">grotesques</a>, scrolls and foliage, and decorated with brightly coloured tiles.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Church of the Jesuits, <a href="/wiki/Mazara_del_Vallo" title="Mazara del Vallo">Mazara del Vallo</a></b>, elliptical, with vivid sculptures on the exterior.<sup id="cite_ref-GJBJ_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GJBJ-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><b>Marble fountain</b> at the former Jesuit Collegio Massimo in Palermo.</li> <li>Design of <b>Santa Maria almsgiving (Collegiate) in Catania</b>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Urban_development">Urban development</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Urban development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Avola_(1693)"><span id="Avola_.281693.29"></span>Avola (1693)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Avola (1693)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the 1693 earthquake, Italia was commissioned by representatives of the Duke of <a href="/wiki/Terranova_di_Sicilia" class="mw-redirect" title="Terranova di Sicilia">Terranova</a>, feudal lord of Avola, to design the reconstruction plan for the city.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Italia chose a flat area, rich in water and relatively close to the sea, a location opposed by the viceroy, who thought it was difficult to defend, but it was nevertheless adopted. In 1694 work began on the various buildings. The urban layout combines a hexagonal shape with two lines that meet at right angles in a square.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This combined symmetry and order with open spaces and broad, straight roads to minimise damage in any future earthquake.<sup id="cite_ref-Grove_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This design also comparable with that used for the reconstruction of contemporary <a href="/wiki/Grammichele" title="Grammichele">Grammichele</a>, and can be referred to as an ideal Renaissance City.<sup id="cite_ref-Treccani_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Treccani-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As Vittorini wrote in 1694:<sup id="cite_ref-Consolo2006_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Consolo2006-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>By order of the Consultor, Prince of Santa Flavia, the Master Architect Brother Angelo Italia of the Company of Jesus was sent to that city in order to observe the most opportune site and the most salubrious air for the rebuilding of the new city. The above mentioned Brother Angelo conducted an examination of the location and, having observed with precision all the territory of Avola, found no better location and site that the district of the City of Avola, known as Mutube, in which the new city was moved in the form communicated to Your Excellency, approximately one mile and a half from the sea, in a most beautiful and agreeable, broad plain... Through the middle of the city pass the waters of the source known as the Miranda. The walls of the houses around the city serve for its defence for they are all surrounded by small openings to keep enemies at bay with a few muskets and guns...</p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Vittorini (1694), Relatione di quanto si è operato nella nuova città d'Avola dal giorno del terremoto 11 gennaio 1693 a questa parte</cite></div></blockquote> <p>The architect himself with the help of 50 workers, traced the pattern of the new city on the ground, defining not only the streets and walls, but also the location of public buildings and private lots.<sup id="cite_ref-Pantano_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pantano-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Lentini_(1693)"><span id="Lentini_.281693.29"></span>Lentini (1693)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Lentini (1693)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As with Avola, Italia planned to reconstruct Lentini on a site some distance from the rubble of the destroyed city, but after the inhabitants asked the King (<a href="/wiki/Giuseppe_Lanza" title="Giuseppe Lanza">Giuseppe Lanza</a>, Duke of Calastra) to override these plans he granted their wish and allowed them to rebuild the city on the old site.<sup id="cite_ref-Lentini_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lentini-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Noto_(1693)"><span id="Noto_.281693.29"></span>Noto (1693)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Noto (1693)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ancient Noto occupied a site on the summit of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Alveria" title="Mount Alveria">Mount Alveria</a>, but following the earthquake it was agreed that it should be rebuilt some 10 km away on the slopes of Mount Meti. Angelo Italia was one of those involved in the construction plan, along with Dutch military engineer Carlos de Grunenberg, mathematician <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Landolina" class="mw-redirect" title="Giovanni Landolina">Giovanni Landolina</a> and military architect Giuseppe Formenti.<sup id="cite_ref-VisiteloroNoto_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VisiteloroNoto-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Grove-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grove_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHelen_M._Hills" class="citation web cs1">Helen M. 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Icaria Editorial: 84–. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1577-9297">1577-9297</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mazzarino+cose+da+vedere+Archivi&rft.pub=siciliasudest.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fen.siciliasudest.it%2Fmazzarino%2Fmazzarino-cose-da-vedere%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelo+Italia" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2019">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rotary-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Rotary_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRotary_International2004" class="citation book cs1">Rotary International (15 April 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.carlomarullodicondojanni.net/pubblicazioni/Libri%20Rotary/LIBRO160.PDF"><i>Il volontariato d'arte sei lustri di restauri del Rotary Club di Sicilia e Malta – Catalogo della mostra a cura di Gesualdo Campo</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. p. 19<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Il+volontariato+d%27arte+sei+lustri+di+restauri+del+Rotary+Club+di+Sicilia+e+Malta+%E2%80%93+Catalogo+della+mostra+a+cura+di+Gesualdo+Campo&rft.pages=19&rft.date=2004-04-15&rft.au=Rotary+International&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.carlomarullodicondojanni.net%2Fpubblicazioni%2FLibri%2520Rotary%2FLIBRO160.PDF&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelo+Italia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fabbri2000-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fabbri2000_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPatrizia_Fabbri2000" class="citation book cs1">Patrizia Fabbri (2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2s4HcqiobboC&pg=PA79"><i>Palermo and Monreale</i></a>. Casa Editrice Bonechi. p. 79. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-476-0672-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-476-0672-2"><bdi>978-88-476-0672-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Palermo+and+Monreale&rft.pages=79&rft.pub=Casa+Editrice+Bonechi&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-88-476-0672-2&rft.au=Patrizia+Fabbri&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2s4HcqiobboC%26pg%3DPA79&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelo+Italia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GJBJ-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GJBJ_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJoseph_Fromm2008" class="citation web cs1">Joseph Fromm (9 July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://goodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.co.uk/2008/07/jesuit-at-work-fr-angelo-italia-sj.html">"Jesuit At Work: Fr. Angelo Italia, S.J."</a> Good Jesuit, Bad Jesuit<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jesuit+At+Work%3A+Fr.+Angelo+Italia%2C+S.J.&rft.pub=Good+Jesuit%2C+Bad+Jesuit&rft.date=2008-07-09&rft.au=Joseph+Fromm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgoodjesuitbadjesuit.blogspot.co.uk%2F2008%2F07%2Fjesuit-at-work-fr-angelo-italia-sj.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelo+Italia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Consolo2006-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Consolo2006_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVincenzo_Consolo2006" class="citation book cs1">Vincenzo Consolo (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SebcvGRmimwC&pg=PA219"><i>Reading and Writing the Mediterranean</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reading+and+Writing+the+Mediterranean&rft.pages=218-219&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8020-9210-6&rft.au=Vincenzo+Consolo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DSebcvGRmimwC%26pg%3DPA219&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelo+Italia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pantano-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pantano_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrancesca_Gringeri_Pantano1996" class="citation book cs1">Francesca Gringeri Pantano (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kqrpAAAAMAAJ"><i>La cittá esagonale: Avola : l'antico sito, lo spazio urbano ricostruito</i></a>. Sellerio. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788876811074" title="Special:BookSources/9788876811074"><bdi>9788876811074</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=La+citt%C3%A1+esagonale%3A+Avola+%3A+l%27antico+sito%2C+lo+spazio+urbano+ricostruito&rft.pub=Sellerio&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=9788876811074&rft.au=Francesca+Gringeri+Pantano&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkqrpAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelo+Italia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lentini-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Lentini_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lentinionline.it/sicilia/quartieri_quattarari.htm">"Quartieri di Lentini"</a>. lentinionline.it. 12 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quartieri+di+Lentini&rft.pub=lentinionline.it&rft.date=2009-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lentinionline.it%2Fsicilia%2Fquartieri_quattarari.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelo+Italia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VisiteloroNoto-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VisiteloroNoto_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130908150905/http://visiteloro.it/index.php/en/history-and-culture/the-territory/noto">"Noto"</a>. visiteloro.it. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://visiteloro.it/index.php/en/history-and-culture/the-territory/noto">the original</a> on 8 September 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Noto&rft.pub=visiteloro.it&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvisiteloro.it%2Findex.php%2Fen%2Fhistory-and-culture%2Fthe-territory%2Fnoto&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAngelo+Italia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Angelo_Italia&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" 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title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q536081#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000066824011">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/45195155">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/2312256">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1826490/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJycMbGQpRWtbQ9PvjMdcP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/122912640">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/nr88010981">United States</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500109758">ULAN</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="ITALIA, Angelo"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/angelo-italia_(Dizionario-Biografico)">Italian People</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd122912640.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/122912640">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 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