CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>1859 in animation - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"0a071744-4bf7-4cf1-998a-f988eea18de0","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"1859_in_animation","wgTitle":"1859 in animation","wgCurRevisionId":1246497321,"wgRevisionId":1246497321,"wgArticleId":77795504,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles with short description","Short description with empty Wikidata description","1859 in animation"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"1859_in_animation","wgRelevantArticleId":77795504,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{ "status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q130329326","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready", "site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="1859 in animation - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_in_animation"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1859_in_animation"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-1859_in_animation rootpage-1859_in_animation skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1859+in+animation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1859+in+animation" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=1859+in+animation" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=1859+in+animation" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Events</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Births" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Births"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Births</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Births-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Births subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Births-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-February" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#February"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>February</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-February-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-December" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#December"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>December</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-December-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Specific_date_unknown" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specific_date_unknown"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Specific date unknown</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specific_date_unknown-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">1859 in animation</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="This article exist only in this language. Add the article for other languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-0" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Add languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="uls-after-portlet-link"></span><span class="wb-langlinks-add wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130329326#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Add interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Add links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1859_in_animation" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:1859_in_animation" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1859_in_animation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/1859_in_animation"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/1859_in_animation" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/1859_in_animation" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&oldid=1246497321" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=1859_in_animation&id=1246497321&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1859_in_animation"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F1859_in_animation"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=1859_in_animation&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q130329326" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" width="25em"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_animation" title="List of years in animation">Years in animation</a>:</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/1856_in_animation" title="1856 in animation">1856</a> <a href="/wiki/1857_in_animation" title="1857 in animation">1857</a> <a href="/wiki/1858_in_animation" title="1858 in animation">1858</a> <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1859</a></b> <a href="/wiki/1860_in_animation" title="1860 in animation">1860</a> <a href="/wiki/1861_in_animation" title="1861 in animation">1861</a> <a href="/wiki/1862_in_animation" title="1862 in animation">1862</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f3f3f3"> <td style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Centuries</a>:</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/18th_century" title="18th century">18th century</a> · <b><a href="/wiki/19th_century" title="19th century">19th century</a></b> · <a href="/wiki/20th_century" title="20th century">20th century</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_decades,_centuries,_and_millennia" title="List of decades, centuries, and millennia">Decades</a>:</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1820s" title="1820s">1820s</a> <a href="/wiki/1830s" title="1830s">1830s</a> <a href="/wiki/1840s" title="1840s">1840s</a> <b><a href="/wiki/1850s" title="1850s">1850s</a></b> <a href="/wiki/1860s" title="1860s">1860s</a> <a href="/wiki/1870s" title="1870s">1870s</a> <a href="/wiki/1880s" title="1880s">1880s</a> </td></tr> <tr style="background-color:#f3f3f3"> <td style="text-align:right;"><b><a href="/wiki/List_of_years" title="List of years">Years</a>:</b> </td> <td style="text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/1856" title="1856">1856</a> <a href="/wiki/1857" title="1857">1857</a> <a href="/wiki/1858" title="1858">1858</a> <b><a href="/wiki/1859" title="1859">1859</a></b> <a href="/wiki/1860" title="1860">1860</a> <a href="/wiki/1861" title="1861">1861</a> <a href="/wiki/1862" title="1862">1862</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Events in <b>1859 in animation</b>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Events">Events</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Events"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>April 7</b>: the Belgian civil engineer and inventor Henri Désiré du Mont filed a Belgian patent for nine different versions of his Omniscope, of which most would show <a href="/wiki/Stereoscopic" class="mw-redirect" title="Stereoscopic">stereoscopic</a> animation from <a href="/wiki/Stroboscope" title="Stroboscope">stroboscopic</a> discs or from <a href="/wiki/Cylinders" class="mw-redirect" title="Cylinders">cylinders</a> with pictures on the outside. One version was built inside a peep-box and had a lens focusing a light-beam to project the image on a <a href="/wiki/Frosted_glass" title="Frosted glass">frosted glass</a> screen. Another design combined two <a href="/wiki/Zoetrope" title="Zoetrope">zoetropes</a> with <a href="/wiki/Charles_Wheatstone" title="Charles Wheatstone">Charles Wheatstone</a>'s reflecting stereoscope in between.<sup id="cite_ref-mannoni2000_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-mannoni2000-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Births">Births</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Births"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="February">February</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: February"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>February 7</b>: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Black_(photographer)" title="Alexander Black (photographer)">Alexander Black</a>, American photographer, inventor, and writer (presented the <a href="/wiki/Magic_lantern" title="Magic lantern">magic lantern</a> show <i>Life through a Detective Camera</i>(alternately titled <i>Ourselves as Others See Us</i>); created the pre-film "Picture Play" <i><a href="/wiki/Miss_Jerry" title="Miss Jerry">Miss Jerry</a></i>, a series of posed magic lantern slides projected onto a screen with a dissolving <a href="/wiki/Stereopticon" title="Stereopticon">stereopticon</a>, accompanied by narration and music. It was the first example of a feature-length dramatic fiction on screen), (d. <a href="/wiki/1940" title="1940">1940</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Scribners_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scribners-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="December">December</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: December"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><b>December 1</b>: <a href="/wiki/Constantin_Philipsen" title="Constantin Philipsen">Constantin Philipsen</a>, Danish filmmaker, (toured Scandinavian nations from 1898 with his <a href="/wiki/Magic_lantern" title="Magic lantern">magic lantern</a>; opened <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a>'s first viable cinema, the 158-seat Kosmorama in 1904, in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>), (d. <a href="/wiki/1925" title="1925">1925</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specific_date_unknown">Specific date unknown</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Specific date unknown"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cecil_Shadbolt" title="Cecil Shadbolt">Cecil Shadbolt</a>, British photographer (pioneered <a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">aerial photography</a> from <a href="/wiki/Balloon_(aeronautics)" title="Balloon (aeronautics)">flying balloons</a>; gave public lectures, using <a href="/wiki/Magic_lantern" title="Magic lantern">magic lantern</a> slides, with the title <i>Balloons and Ballooning, Upward and Onwards</i>), (d. <a href="/wiki/1892" title="1892">1892</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-HE_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HE-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Fenn_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Fenn-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-HE-023_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HE-023-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-mannoni2000-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-mannoni2000_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Mannoni, Laurent <i>The Great Art of Light and Shadow</i> (2000 translation by Crangle)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAskari2015" class="citation book cs1">Askari, Kaveh (2015). <i>Making Movies Into Art: Picture Craft from the Magic Lantern to Early Hollywood</i>. Palgrave MacMillan. p. 24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Movies+Into+Art%3A+Picture+Craft+from+the+Magic+Lantern+to+Early+Hollywood&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Palgrave+MacMillan&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Askari&rft.aufirst=Kaveh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859+in+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdl.library.cornell.edu/cgi-bin/moa/pageviewer?frames=1&coll=moa&view=50&root=%2Fmoa%2Fscri%2Fscri0018%2F&tif=00356.TIF&cite=http%3A%2F%2Fcdl.library.cornell.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmoa%2Fmoa-cgi%3Fnotisid%3DAFR7379-0018-42">"Photography in Fiction"</a>. <i>Cornell University</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-03-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cornell+University&rft.atitle=Photography+in+Fiction&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcdl.library.cornell.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fmoa%2Fpageviewer%3Fframes%3D1%26coll%3Dmoa%26view%3D50%26root%3D%252Fmoa%252Fscri%252Fscri0018%252F%26tif%3D00356.TIF%26cite%3Dhttp%253A%252F%252Fcdl.library.cornell.edu%252Fcgi-bin%252Fmoa%252Fmoa-cgi%253Fnotisid%253DAFR7379-0018-42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859+in+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scribners-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scribners_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlexander_Black1895" class="citation magazine cs1">Alexander Black (September 1895). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://digital.library.cornell.edu/cgi/t/text/pageviewer-idx?c=scri;cc=scri;rgn=full%20text;idno=scri0018-3;didno=scri0018-3;view=image;seq=0356;node=scri0018-3%3A9">"Photography in Fiction"</a>. <i>Scribners</i>. Vol. 18, no. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-02-25</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Scribners&rft.atitle=Photography+in+Fiction&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.date=1895-09&rft.au=Alexander+Black&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdigital.library.cornell.edu%2Fcgi%2Ft%2Ftext%2Fpageviewer-idx%3Fc%3Dscri%3Bcc%3Dscri%3Brgn%3Dfull%2520text%3Bidno%3Dscri0018-3%3Bdidno%3Dscri0018-3%3Bview%3Dimage%3Bseq%3D0356%3Bnode%3Dscri0018-3%253A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859+in+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamsaye1926" class="citation book cs1">Ramsaye, Terry (1926). <i>A Million and One Nights: A History of the Motion Picture</i>. Simon & Schuster, New York.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Million+and+One+Nights%3A+A+History+of+the+Motion+Picture&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster%2C+New+York.&rft.date=1926&rft.aulast=Ramsaye&rft.aufirst=Terry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859+in+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 182 Thomas, Alastair H. <i>Historical Dictionary of Denmark</i> Rowman & Littlefield, 26 Jul. 2016 </span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">p. 172 Abel, Richard <i>Encyclopedia of Early Cinema</i> Taylor & Francis, 2005</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.geni.com/people/Constantin-Philipsen/6000000011927968334">"Constantin Philipsen"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constantin+Philipsen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.geni.com%2Fpeople%2FConstantin-Philipsen%2F6000000011927968334&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859+in+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HE-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HE_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/archive/new/shadbolt-collection/">"The Shadbolt Collection"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Shadbolt+Collection&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Fimages-books%2Farchive%2Fnew%2Fshadbolt-collection%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859+in+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fenn-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Fenn_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColin2016" class="citation journal cs1">Colin, Fenn (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fownc.org/pdf/newsletter86.pdf">"George & Cecil Shadbolt – Pioneer Photographers"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Friends of West Norwood. Newsletter</i> (86): 6–8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Friends+of+West+Norwood.+Newsletter&rft.atitle=George+%26+Cecil+Shadbolt+%E2%80%93+Pioneer+Photographers&rft.issue=86&rft.pages=6-8&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Colin&rft.aufirst=Fenn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fownc.org%2Fpdf%2Fnewsletter86.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859+in+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HE-023-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-HE-023_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://historicengland.org.uk/images-books/photos/item/CVS01/01/023">"Cecil Shadbolt (left) and 'Captain' William Dale (right)..."</a> Historic England<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cecil+Shadbolt+%28left%29+and+%27Captain%27+William+Dale+%28right%29...&rft.pub=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhistoricengland.org.uk%2Fimages-books%2Fphotos%2Fitem%2FCVS01%2F01%2F023&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3A1859+in+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Years_in_animation" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Years_in_animation" title="Template:Years in animation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Years_in_animation" title="Template talk:Years in animation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Years_in_animation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Years in animation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Years_in_animation" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_years_in_animation" title="List of years in animation">Years in animation</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1850s_in_animation" title="Category:1850s in animation">1850s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1854_in_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="1854 in animation">1854</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1855_in_animation" title="1855 in animation">1855</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1856_in_animation" title="1856 in animation">1856</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1857_in_animation" title="1857 in animation">1857</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1858_in_animation" title="1858 in animation">1858</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1859</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1860s_in_animation" title="Category:1860s in animation">1860s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1860_in_animation" title="1860 in animation">1860</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1861_in_animation" title="1861 in animation">1861</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1862_in_animation" title="1862 in animation">1862</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1863_in_animation" title="1863 in animation">1863</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1864_in_animation" title="1864 in animation">1864</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1865_in_animation" title="1865 in animation">1865</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1866_in_animation" title="1866 in animation">1866</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1867_in_animation" title="1867 in animation">1867</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1868_in_animation" title="1868 in animation">1868</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1869_in_animation" title="1869 in animation">1869</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1870s_in_animation" title="Category:1870s in animation">1870s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1870_in_animation" title="1870 in animation">1870</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1871_in_animation" title="1871 in animation">1871</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1872_in_animation" title="1872 in animation">1872</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1873_in_animation" title="1873 in animation">1873</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1874_in_animation" title="1874 in animation">1874</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1875_in_animation" title="1875 in animation">1875</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1876_in_animation" title="1876 in animation">1876</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1877_in_animation" title="1877 in animation">1877</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1878_in_animation" title="1878 in animation">1878</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1879_in_animation" title="1879 in animation">1879</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1880s_in_animation" title="Category:1880s in animation">1880s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1880_in_animation" title="1880 in animation">1880</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1881_in_animation" title="1881 in animation">1881</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1882_in_animation" title="1882 in animation">1882</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1883_in_animation" title="1883 in animation">1883</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1884_in_animation" title="1884 in animation">1884</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1885_in_animation" title="1885 in animation">1885</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1886_in_animation" title="1886 in animation">1886</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1887_in_animation" title="1887 in animation">1887</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1888_in_animation" title="1888 in animation">1888</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1889_in_animation" title="1889 in animation">1889</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1890s_in_animation" title="Category:1890s in animation">1890s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1890_in_animation" title="1890 in animation">1890</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1891_in_animation" title="1891 in animation">1891</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1892_in_animation" title="1892 in animation">1892</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1893_in_animation" title="1893 in animation">1893</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1894_in_animation" title="1894 in animation">1894</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1895_in_animation" title="1895 in animation">1895</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1896_in_animation" title="1896 in animation">1896</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1897_in_animation" title="1897 in animation">1897</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1898_in_animation" title="1898 in animation">1898</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1899_in_animation" title="1899 in animation">1899</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1900s_in_animation" title="Category:1900s in animation">1900s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1900_in_animation" title="1900 in animation">1900</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1901_in_animation" title="1901 in animation">1901</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1902_in_animation" title="1902 in animation">1902</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1903_in_animation" title="1903 in animation">1903</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1904_in_animation" title="1904 in animation">1904</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1905_in_animation" title="1905 in animation">1905</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1906_in_animation" title="1906 in animation">1906</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1907_in_animation" title="1907 in animation">1907</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1908_in_animation" title="1908 in animation">1908</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1909_in_animation" title="1909 in animation">1909</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1910s_in_animation" title="Category:1910s in animation">1910s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1910_in_animation" title="1910 in animation">1910</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1911_in_animation" title="1911 in animation">1911</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1912_in_animation" title="1912 in animation">1912</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1913_in_animation" title="1913 in animation">1913</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1914_in_animation" title="1914 in animation">1914</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1915_in_animation" title="1915 in animation">1915</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1916_in_animation" title="1916 in animation">1916</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_in_animation" title="1917 in animation">1917</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1918_in_animation" title="1918 in animation">1918</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1919_in_animation" title="1919 in animation">1919</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1920s_in_animation" title="Category:1920s in animation">1920s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1920_in_animation" title="1920 in animation">1920</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1921_in_animation" title="1921 in animation">1921</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1922_in_animation" title="1922 in animation">1922</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_in_animation" title="1923 in animation">1923</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1924_in_animation" title="1924 in animation">1924</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1925_in_animation" title="1925 in animation">1925</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1926_in_animation" title="1926 in animation">1926</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1927_in_animation" title="1927 in animation">1927</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1928_in_animation" title="1928 in animation">1928</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1929_in_animation" title="1929 in animation">1929</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1930s_in_animation" title="Category:1930s in animation">1930s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1930_in_animation" title="1930 in animation">1930</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1931_in_animation" title="1931 in animation">1931</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1932_in_animation" title="1932 in animation">1932</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1933_in_animation" title="1933 in animation">1933</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1934_in_animation" title="1934 in animation">1934</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1935_in_animation" title="1935 in animation">1935</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1936_in_animation" title="1936 in animation">1936</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1937_in_animation" title="1937 in animation">1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1938_in_animation" title="1938 in animation">1938</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1939_in_animation" title="1939 in animation">1939</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1940s_in_animation" title="Category:1940s in animation">1940s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1940_in_animation" title="1940 in animation">1940</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1941_in_animation" title="1941 in animation">1941</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1942_in_animation" title="1942 in animation">1942</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1943_in_animation" title="1943 in animation">1943</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1944_in_animation" title="1944 in animation">1944</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1945_in_animation" title="1945 in animation">1945</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1946_in_animation" title="1946 in animation">1946</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1947_in_animation" title="1947 in animation">1947</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1948_in_animation" title="1948 in animation">1948</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1949_in_animation" title="1949 in animation">1949</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_in_animation" title="Category:1950s in animation">1950s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1950_in_animation" title="1950 in animation">1950</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1951_in_animation" title="1951 in animation">1951</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1952_in_animation" title="1952 in animation">1952</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1953_in_animation" title="1953 in animation">1953</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1954_in_animation" title="1954 in animation">1954</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1955_in_animation" title="1955 in animation">1955</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1956_in_animation" title="1956 in animation">1956</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1957_in_animation" title="1957 in animation">1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1958_in_animation" title="1958 in animation">1958</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1959_in_animation" title="1959 in animation">1959</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1960s_in_animation" title="Category:1960s in animation">1960s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1960_in_animation" title="1960 in animation">1960</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1961_in_animation" title="1961 in animation">1961</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1962_in_animation" title="1962 in animation">1962</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1963_in_animation" title="1963 in animation">1963</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1964_in_animation" title="1964 in animation">1964</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1965_in_animation" title="1965 in animation">1965</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1966_in_animation" title="1966 in animation">1966</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1967_in_animation" title="1967 in animation">1967</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1968_in_animation" title="1968 in animation">1968</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1969_in_animation" title="1969 in animation">1969</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1970s_in_animation" title="Category:1970s in animation">1970s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1970_in_animation" title="1970 in animation">1970</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1971_in_animation" title="1971 in animation">1971</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1972_in_animation" title="1972 in animation">1972</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1973_in_animation" title="1973 in animation">1973</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1974_in_animation" title="1974 in animation">1974</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1975_in_animation" title="1975 in animation">1975</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1976_in_animation" title="1976 in animation">1976</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1977_in_animation" title="1977 in animation">1977</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1978_in_animation" title="1978 in animation">1978</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1979_in_animation" title="1979 in animation">1979</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1980s_in_animation" title="Category:1980s in animation">1980s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1980_in_animation" title="1980 in animation">1980</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1981_in_animation" title="1981 in animation">1981</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1982_in_animation" title="1982 in animation">1982</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1983_in_animation" title="1983 in animation">1983</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1984_in_animation" title="1984 in animation">1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1985_in_animation" title="1985 in animation">1985</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1986_in_animation" title="1986 in animation">1986</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1987_in_animation" title="1987 in animation">1987</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1988_in_animation" title="1988 in animation">1988</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1989_in_animation" title="1989 in animation">1989</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:1990s_in_animation" title="Category:1990s in animation">1990s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1990_in_animation" title="1990 in animation">1990</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1991_in_animation" title="1991 in animation">1991</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1992_in_animation" title="1992 in animation">1992</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_in_animation" title="1993 in animation">1993</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1994_in_animation" title="1994 in animation">1994</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1995_in_animation" title="1995 in animation">1995</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1996_in_animation" title="1996 in animation">1996</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1997_in_animation" title="1997 in animation">1997</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1998_in_animation" title="1998 in animation">1998</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1999_in_animation" title="1999 in animation">1999</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:2000s_in_animation" title="Category:2000s in animation">2000s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2000_in_animation" title="2000 in animation">2000</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2001_in_animation" title="2001 in animation">2001</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2002_in_animation" title="2002 in animation">2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2003_in_animation" title="2003 in animation">2003</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2004_in_animation" title="2004 in animation">2004</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2005_in_animation" title="2005 in animation">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2006_in_animation" title="2006 in animation">2006</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2007_in_animation" title="2007 in animation">2007</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2008_in_animation" title="2008 in animation">2008</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2009_in_animation" title="2009 in animation">2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:2010s_in_animation" title="Category:2010s in animation">2010s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2010_in_animation" title="2010 in animation">2010</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_in_animation" title="2011 in animation">2011</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2012_in_animation" title="2012 in animation">2012</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2013_in_animation" title="2013 in animation">2013</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2014_in_animation" title="2014 in animation">2014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2015_in_animation" title="2015 in animation">2015</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2016_in_animation" title="2016 in animation">2016</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_in_animation" title="2017 in animation">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2018_in_animation" title="2018 in animation">2018</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_in_animation" title="2019 in animation">2019</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:2020s_in_animation" title="Category:2020s in animation">2020s</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2020_in_animation" title="2020 in animation">2020</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2021_in_animation" title="2021 in animation">2021</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_in_animation" title="2022 in animation">2022</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2023_in_animation" title="2023 in animation">2023</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2024_in_animation" title="2024 in animation">2024</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2025_in_animation" title="2025 in animation">2025</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&oldid=1246497321">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&oldid=1246497321</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Category</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1859_in_animation" title="Category:1859 in animation">1859 in animation</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_with_empty_Wikidata_description" title="Category:Short description with empty Wikidata description">Short description with empty Wikidata description</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 19 September 2024, at 09:00<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1859_in_animation&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-828bf","wgBackendResponseTime":153,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.269","walltime":"0.355","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1077,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":47963,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":839,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":12,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":36738,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 296.615 1 -total"," 46.58% 138.166 1 Template:Reflist"," 34.19% 101.426 2 Template:Cite_book"," 25.94% 76.952 1 Template:Years_of_animation"," 24.52% 72.730 1 Template:Navbox"," 19.39% 57.499 1 Template:Short_description"," 11.08% 32.876 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.12% 18.153 1 Template:Year_box"," 5.13% 15.207 1 Template:Year_box/outer_core"," 4.60% 13.658 4 Template:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.154","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":5263134,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-qmvs7","timestamp":"20241122172327","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"1859 in animation","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/1859_in_animation","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130329326","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q130329326","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2024-09-05T01:25:48Z","dateModified":"2024-09-19T09:00:43Z"}</script> </body> </html>