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id="toc-Horsecar_and_tram_(1877–1960s)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Horsecar_and_tram_(1877–1960s)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Horsecar and tram (1877–1960s)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Horsecar_and_tram_(1877–1960s)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Upgrade_to_a_Stadtbahn_(1960s–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Upgrade_to_a_Stadtbahn_(1960s–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Upgrade to a Stadtbahn (1960s–present)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Upgrade_to_a_Stadtbahn_(1960s–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_routes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_routes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Current routes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_routes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current routes subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_routes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Low-floor_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-floor_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Low-floor lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-floor_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-East-West_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East-West_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>East-West lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East-West_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ring_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ring_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.2</span> <span>Ring lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ring_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-floor_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-floor_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>High-floor lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-floor_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_lines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_lines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Former lines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_lines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Past_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Past_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Past expansion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Past_expansion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Past expansion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Past_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Innenstadt_tunnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Innenstadt_tunnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Innenstadt tunnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Innenstadt_tunnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Chorweiler_extension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Chorweiler_extension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Chorweiler extension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Chorweiler_extension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ebertplatz_and_Nippes_tunnels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ebertplatz_and_Nippes_tunnels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>Ebertplatz and Nippes tunnels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ebertplatz_and_Nippes_tunnels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gürtel_Hochbahn_(elevated_railway)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gürtel_Hochbahn_(elevated_railway)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>Gürtel Hochbahn (elevated railway)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gürtel_Hochbahn_(elevated_railway)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deutz/Kalk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deutz/Kalk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.5</span> <span>Deutz/Kalk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deutz/Kalk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rheinuferbahn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rheinuferbahn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.6</span> <span>Rheinuferbahn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rheinuferbahn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Friesenplatz_–_Gutenbergstraße" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Friesenplatz_–_Gutenbergstraße"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.7</span> <span>Friesenplatz – Gutenbergstraße</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Friesenplatz_–_Gutenbergstraße-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vorgebirgsbahn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vorgebirgsbahn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.8</span> <span>Vorgebirgsbahn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vorgebirgsbahn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ring_tunnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ring_tunnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.9</span> <span>Ring tunnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ring_tunnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ehrenfeld" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ehrenfeld"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.10</span> <span>Ehrenfeld</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ehrenfeld-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Amsterdamer_Straße" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Amsterdamer_Straße"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.11</span> <span>Amsterdamer Straße</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Amsterdamer_Straße-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mülheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mülheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.12</span> <span>Mülheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mülheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bensberg" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bensberg"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.13</span> <span>Bensberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bensberg-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weiden" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weiden"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.14</span> <span>Weiden</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weiden-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Butzweilerhof_extension" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Butzweilerhof_extension"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.15</span> <span>Butzweilerhof extension</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Butzweilerhof_extension-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mengenich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mengenich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.16</span> <span>Mengenich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mengenich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brühl_double-track" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brühl_double-track"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.17</span> <span>Brühl double-track</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brühl_double-track-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Current_and_future_expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_and_future_expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Current and future expansion</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Current_and_future_expansion-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Current and future expansion subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Current_and_future_expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-North-South_Stadtbahn" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#North-South_Stadtbahn"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>North-South Stadtbahn</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North-South_Stadtbahn-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Background" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Background"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Background</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Background-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunnel_collapse_and_delays" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunnel_collapse_and_delays"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Tunnel collapse and delays</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunnel_collapse_and_delays-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Cost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-StadtBahn_South" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#StadtBahn_South"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>StadtBahn South</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-StadtBahn_South-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East-West_axis" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East-West_axis"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>East-West axis</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East-West_axis-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-West" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.1</span> <span>West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-City_Center" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_Center"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2</span> <span>City Center</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_Center-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Tunnel-expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunnel-expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2.1</span> <span>Tunnel-expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunnel-expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Surface-expansion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-4"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surface-expansion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.2.2</span> <span>Surface-expansion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surface-expansion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tunnel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tunnel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.3</span> <span>Tunnel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tunnel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-East" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#East"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3.4</span> <span>East</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-East-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Extension_of_line_17_to_Bonn_and_line_7_to_Langel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extension_of_line_17_to_Bonn_and_line_7_to_Langel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Extension of line 17 to Bonn and line 7 to Langel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extension_of_line_17_to_Bonn_and_line_7_to_Langel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stepless_access_to_all_platforms_and_trains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stepless_access_to_all_platforms_and_trains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.5</span> <span>Stepless access to all platforms and trains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stepless_access_to_all_platforms_and_trains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Longer_trains_and_platforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Longer_trains_and_platforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.6</span> <span>Longer trains and platforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Longer_trains_and_platforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_plans" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_plans"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.7</span> <span>Other plans</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_plans-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rolling_stock" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rolling_stock"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Rolling stock</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Rolling_stock-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Rolling stock subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Rolling_stock-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Stadtbahnwagen_B" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadtbahnwagen_B"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Stadtbahnwagen B</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadtbahnwagen_B-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low-floor_LRVs_(K4000_and_K4500)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-floor_LRVs_(K4000_and_K4500)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Low-floor LRVs (K4000 and K4500)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-floor_LRVs_(K4000_and_K4500)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-CitySprinter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#CitySprinter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>CitySprinter</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-CitySprinter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-High-floor_LRVs_(K5000_and_K5200)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#High-floor_LRVs_(K5000_and_K5200)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>High-floor LRVs (K5000 and K5200)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-High-floor_LRVs_(K5000_and_K5200)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Refurbished_Stadtbahnwagen_B_series_2100_(now_2400)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Refurbished_Stadtbahnwagen_B_series_2100_(now_2400)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Refurbished Stadtbahnwagen B series 2100 (now 2400)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Refurbished_Stadtbahnwagen_B_series_2100_(now_2400)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flexity_Swift_HF6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flexity_Swift_HF6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Flexity Swift HF6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flexity_Swift_HF6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Low-floor_NF12/NF6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Low-floor_NF12/NF6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.7</span> <span>Low-floor NF12/NF6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Low-floor_NF12/NF6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Train_interiors" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Train_interiors"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.8</span> <span>Train interiors</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Train_interiors-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Depots_and_workshops_("Betriebshöfe")" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Depots_and_workshops_("Betriebshöfe")"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Depots and workshops ("<i>Betriebshöfe</i>")</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Depots_and_workshops_("Betriebshöfe")-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Depots and workshops ("<i>Betriebshöfe</i>") subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Depots_and_workshops_("Betriebshöfe")-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Current_depots,_workshops_and_parking_facilities" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Current_depots,_workshops_and_parking_facilities"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Current depots, workshops and parking facilities</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Current_depots,_workshops_and_parking_facilities-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Wesseling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wesseling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.1</span> <span>Wesseling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wesseling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Main_workshop_and_depot_in_Weidenpesch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Main_workshop_and_depot_in_Weidenpesch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.2</span> <span>Main workshop and depot in Weidenpesch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Main_workshop_and_depot_in_Weidenpesch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.3</span> <span>West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merheim" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merheim"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.4</span> <span>Merheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merheim-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stadium" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stadium"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.5</span> <span>Stadium</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stadium-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Porz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Porz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.6</span> <span>Porz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Porz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zündorf" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zündorf"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.7</span> <span>Zündorf</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zündorf-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Deutz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Deutz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.8</span> <span>Deutz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Deutz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merkenich" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merkenich"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1.9</span> <span>Merkenich</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merkenich-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Former_depots" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Former_depots"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Former depots</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Former_depots-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Maximinenstraße" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Maximinenstraße"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.1</span> <span>Maximinenstraße</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Maximinenstraße-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kalk" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kalk"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.2</span> <span>Kalk</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kalk-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nippes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nippes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.3</span> <span>Nippes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nippes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-West_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#West_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.4</span> <span>West</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-West_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ehrenfeld_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ehrenfeld_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.5</span> <span>Ehrenfeld</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ehrenfeld_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Süd_(South)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Süd_(South)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.6</span> <span><i>Süd</i> (South)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Süd_(South)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mülheim_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mülheim_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.7</span> <span>Mülheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mülheim_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rodenkirchen" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rodenkirchen"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.8</span> <span>Rodenkirchen</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rodenkirchen-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Weißbüttengasse" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Weißbüttengasse"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.9</span> <span>Weißbüttengasse</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Weißbüttengasse-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nord_(North)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nord_(North)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.10</span> <span><i>Nord</i> (North)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nord_(North)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ost_(East)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ost_(East)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.11</span> <span><i>Ost</i> (East)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ost_(East)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merheim_left-rhenish_(Weidenpesch)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merheim_left-rhenish_(Weidenpesch)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.12</span> <span>Merheim left-rhenish (Weidenpesch)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Merheim_left-rhenish_(Weidenpesch)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thielenbruch" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thielenbruch"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.13</span> <span>Thielenbruch</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thielenbruch-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Porz_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Porz_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.14</span> <span>Porz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Porz_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bensberg_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bensberg_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.15</span> <span>Bensberg</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bensberg_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mülheim_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mülheim_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.16</span> <span>Mülheim</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mülheim_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sülz" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sülz"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2.17</span> <span>Sülz</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sülz-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Technology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Technology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Technology</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Technology-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Technology subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Technology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Signalling_and_train_protection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Signalling_and_train_protection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.1</span> <span>Signalling and train protection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Signalling_and_train_protection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Passenger_information" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Passenger_information"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8.2</span> <span>Passenger information</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Passenger_information-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inline_citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inline_citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.1</span> <span>Inline citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inline_citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Books" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10.2</span> <span>Books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Cologne Stadtbahn</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 17 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-17" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">17 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%9Bstsk%C3%A1_dr%C3%A1ha_v_Kol%C3%ADn%C4%9B_nad_R%C3%BDnem" title="Městská dráha v Kolíně nad Rýnem – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Městská dráha v Kolíně nad Rýnem" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln" title="Stadtbahn Köln – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Stadtbahn Köln" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtbahn_de_Kolonjo" title="Stadtbahn de Kolonjo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Stadtbahn de Kolonjo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloniako_tranbia" title="Koloniako tranbia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Koloniako tranbia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B1_%D8%B4%D9%87%D8%B1%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D9%84%D9%86" title="قطار شهری کلن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="قطار شهری کلن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%A9tro_l%C3%A9ger_de_Cologne" title="Métro léger de Cologne – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Métro léger de Cologne" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtbahn_di_K%C3%B6ln" title="Stadtbahn di Köln – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Stadtbahn di Köln" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtbahn_di_Colonia" title="Stadtbahn di Colonia – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Stadtbahn di Colonia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtbahn_de_Cologna" title="Stadtbahn de Cologna – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Stadtbahn de Cologna" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6lni_Stadtbahn" title="Kölni Stadtbahn – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kölni Stadtbahn" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtbahn_van_Keulen" title="Stadtbahn van Keulen – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Stadtbahn van Keulen" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B1%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3LRT" title="ケルンLRT – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ケルンLRT" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln" title="Stadtbahn Köln – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Stadtbahn Köln" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trem_ligeiro_de_Col%C3%B4nia" title="Trem ligeiro de Colônia – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Trem ligeiro de Colônia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%91%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Кёльнский скоростной трамвай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Кёльнский скоростной трамвай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%82%D0%B1%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Кельнський штадтбан – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Кельнський штадтбан" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%A7%91%E9%9A%86%E5%9F%8E%E9%93%81" title="科隆城铁 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="科隆城铁" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Light rail system in Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 300px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ededed;">Cologne Stadtbahn</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="KVB logo"><img alt="KVB logo" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/KVB_logo.svg/50px-KVB_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/KVB_logo.svg/75px-KVB_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/KVB_logo.svg/100px-KVB_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="298" data-file-height="298" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">KVB logo</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB4076_Severinsbruecke.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Light rail trainset in front of the river Rhine and Cologne Cathedral"><img alt="Light rail trainset in front of the river Rhine and Cologne Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/KVB4076_Severinsbruecke.jpg/220px-KVB4076_Severinsbruecke.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/KVB4076_Severinsbruecke.jpg/330px-KVB4076_Severinsbruecke.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/64/KVB4076_Severinsbruecke.jpg/440px-KVB4076_Severinsbruecke.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="900" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Light rail trainset in front of the river <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Cathedral" title="Cologne Cathedral">Cologne Cathedral</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Overview</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Owner</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrs-Betriebe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe">Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Locale</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> (Köln) <br /> <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Transit type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">Light rail</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of lines</th><td class="infobox-data">12</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of stations</th><td class="infobox-data">236</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Daily ridership</th><td class="infobox-data">594,520 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-statistik_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Annual ridership</th><td class="infobox-data">217,000,000 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-statistik_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/">www.kvb.koeln</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Operation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Began operation</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>1877 (horsecar)</li><li>1900 (electric tram)<sup id="cite_ref-history_1877_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1877-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li>1968 (Stadtbahn)<sup id="cite_ref-history_1950_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator(s)</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrs-Betriebe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe">Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe</a> (KVB)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Number of vehicles</th><td class="infobox-data">382 (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-statistik_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Train length</th><td class="infobox-data">60 m (196.85 ft)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #efefef;">Technical</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">System length</th><td class="infobox-data">198.5 km (123.3 mi) (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-statistik_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Track_gauge" title="Track gauge">Track gauge</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">1,435 mm</span> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="nowrap">4 ft <span class="frac">8<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> in</span>) <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Standard_gauge" class="mw-redirect" title="Standard gauge">standard gauge</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Railway_electrification" title="Railway electrification">Electrification</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">Overhead line</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_railway_electrification_systems#750_V_DC" title="List of railway electrification systems"><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002750000000000000♠"></span>750 V DC</span></a><sup id="cite_ref-electrification_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electrification-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Average speed</th><td class="infobox-data">25.9 km/h (16.1 mph) (2019)<sup id="cite_ref-statistik_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-statistik-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="vertical-align: middle; padding: 0px;"><table style="width:100%; margin:0; border:none;" class="collapsible collapsed"> <tbody><tr style="background-color: #efefef;" class="infobox-header"><th style="text-align: center;">KVB system map</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Netz.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KVB_Netz.svg/290px-KVB_Netz.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="254" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KVB_Netz.svg/435px-KVB_Netz.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/KVB_Netz.svg/580px-KVB_Netz.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3500" /></a></span> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Cologne Stadtbahn</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Light_rail" title="Light rail">light rail</a> system in the <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">German</a> city of <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a>, including several surrounding cities of the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Bonn_Region" title="Cologne Bonn Region">Cologne Bonn Region</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bergisch_Gladbach" title="Bergisch Gladbach">Bergisch Gladbach</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bornheim_(Rheinland)" title="Bornheim (Rheinland)">Bornheim</a>, <a href="/wiki/Br%C3%BChl_(Rhineland)" title="Brühl (Rhineland)">Brühl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Frechen" title="Frechen">Frechen</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrth" title="Hürth">Hürth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a>-Schlebusch, <a href="/wiki/Wesseling" title="Wesseling">Wesseling</a>). The term <i><a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></i> denotes a system that encompasses elements of <a href="/wiki/Tram" title="Tram">trams</a> as well as an <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit">underground railway</a> network (<i><a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit_in_Germany#U-Bahn" title="Rapid transit in Germany">U-Bahn</a></i>) and <a href="/wiki/Interurban" title="Interurban">interurban</a> rail, even including three lines that are licensed as <a href="/wiki/Heavy_rail" class="mw-redirect" title="Heavy rail">heavy rail</a> and used by <a href="/wiki/Freight_train" title="Freight train">freight trains</a> as well as Stadtbahn vehicles. Two of these lines connect the Cologne Stadtbahn to the <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Stadtbahn" title="Bonn Stadtbahn">Bonn Stadtbahn</a>. These lines (16 and 18) are jointly operated by both cities' transport authorities, resulting in both systems and the lines connecting them sometimes collectively referred to as <i>Stadtbahn Rhein-Sieg</i>. </p><p>The Cologne Stadtbahn is operated by the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrs-Betriebe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe">Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe</a> (KVB) and the Bonn Stadtbahn is operated by the Stadtwerke Bonn (SWB – City of Bonn Utilities Division). The KVB and SWB are members of the <a href="/wiki/Verkehrsverbund_Rhein-Sieg" title="Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg">Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Sieg</a> (VRS – Rhein-Sieg Transit Authority), formed in 1987 to consolidate the transit authorities in the metropolitan Cologne area and operate a joint fare structure.<sup id="cite_ref-VRS_members_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-VRS_members-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are <a href="/wiki/List_of_Cologne_KVB_stations" title="List of Cologne KVB stations">236 stations</a> along 199 km (124 mi) of tracks,<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of which 42 are underground in 28 km (17 mi) of tunnels. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Station_%C3%84u%C3%9Fere_Kanalstra%C3%9Fe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Station_%C3%84u%C3%9Fere_Kanalstra%C3%9Fe.JPG/220px-Station_%C3%84u%C3%9Fere_Kanalstra%C3%9Fe.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Station_%C3%84u%C3%9Fere_Kanalstra%C3%9Fe.JPG/330px-Station_%C3%84u%C3%9Fere_Kanalstra%C3%9Fe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Station_%C3%84u%C3%9Fere_Kanalstra%C3%9Fe.JPG/440px-Station_%C3%84u%C3%9Fere_Kanalstra%C3%9Fe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5462" data-file-height="2718" /></a><figcaption>The Cologne Stadtbahn at <a href="/wiki/Rochusplatz" class="mw-redirect" title="Rochusplatz">Rochusplatz</a> station</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Horsecar_and_tram_(1877–1960s)"><span id="Horsecar_and_tram_.281877.E2.80.931960s.29"></span>Horsecar and tram (1877–1960s)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Horsecar and tram (1877–1960s)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Cologne Stadtbahn traces its history to the first <a href="/wiki/Horsecar" title="Horsecar">horsecar</a> lines that started operating in 1877. Within a few years, several companies had built an extensive network. Because none of these companies showed interest in electrifying their lines, the city of Cologne bought them on 1 January 1900, and by 1907 all horsecar lines had been electrified or replaced by other services.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1877_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1877-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additional lines were built until 1912, including <i>Vorortbahnen</i> to surrounding villages outside the city limits. Outside the city center, these lines had segregated <a href="/wiki/Right-of-way_(transportation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-of-way (transportation)">right-of-way</a> and were more similar to "real" railroads than to trams.<sup id="cite_ref-USDT_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USDT-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The dense tram network in the city center that had been present before <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> was only partially rebuilt afterwards, and the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof"><i>Hauptbahnhof</i></a> (Central Station) was not linked to important places like <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neumarkt_(Cologne)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neumarkt (Cologne) (page does not exist)">Neumarkt</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Heumarkt&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heumarkt (page does not exist)">Heumarkt</a> for the time being. This was partly due to the plans to make Cologne a <a href="/wiki/Automotive_city" title="Automotive city">car friendly city</a> which meant that old tramways (like the north–south one) were replaced by bus service; and also due to the planned widening of vehicles which wouldn't have fit through some of the narrow streets previously served by trams. Another question was the connection between the two banks of the <a href="/wiki/Rhine" title="Rhine">Rhine</a> which had been provided by the <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollern_Bridge" title="Hohenzollern Bridge">Hohenzollern-</a>, <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_Bridge,_Cologne" title="Mülheim Bridge, Cologne">Mülheim-</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deutz_Suspension_Bridge" title="Deutz Suspension Bridge">Deutzer Brücke</a>, that were all destroyed during the war. A decision was taken to dedicate the Hohenzollern Bridge solely to interregional services, while the new <a href="/w/index.php?title=Severins_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Severins Bridge (page does not exist)">Severins Bridge</a> was only finished in 1959, allowing a restructuring of tram lines.<sup id="cite_ref-reconstruction_ww2_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-reconstruction_ww2-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Upgrade_to_a_Stadtbahn_(1960s–present)"><span id="Upgrade_to_a_Stadtbahn_.281960s.E2.80.93present.29"></span>Upgrade to a Stadtbahn (1960s–present)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Upgrade to a Stadtbahn (1960s–present)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Already in 1956, the <a href="/wiki/Transportation_planning" title="Transportation planning">transportation plan</a> of the city council intended a newly built tunnel through the city center in the north–south direction. An overground routing along the Nord-Süd-Fahrt (North-South-Road) would not have served many central areas and was rejected. The tunnel was not planned as a <a href="/wiki/Rapid_transit" title="Rapid transit"><i>U-Bahn</i></a> as in many other cities, but rather as an <a href="/wiki/Semi-metro" title="Semi-metro">underground tram</a>. This meant a design similar to overground trams with small turning radii, short distances between stops and low-floor platforms. At the end of the tunnels the trains were supposed to run as trams on the streets again, but in many places the trams were already separated from car traffic anyways. For this type of system – tunnels in highly congested areas, elsewhere mostly on or next to streets – the term <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a> was later created. Similar concepts to separate rail and car traffic were later used in many cities in <a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a> and adjacent foreign cities (<a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The term Stadtbahn is not regularly used, as the system is mostly referred to as <i>U-Bahn</i> and sometimes <i>Straßenbahn</i> (tram) by officials and the KVB, and most underground stations are also marked by a big white U on blue background which refers to <i>U-Bahn</i>. Most people in Cologne speak about the <i>U-Bahn</i> or <i>Straßenbahn</i>, or just about the train or the KVB.<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When construction of the first tunnel started in 1963, there was no promise of the state NRW or the federal government to finance the project, and in the worst case the city would have had to pay completely on their own. With this background, the building of the Innenstadttunnel (city center tunnel) was begun. The tunnel opened in parts between 1968 and 1970 and was designed to be continued later, when more money and higher demand could make it necessary. This was the reason why no traditional <i>U-Bahn</i> (metro) was built in Cologne, which is as of 2023 the <a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_the_European_Union_by_population_within_city_limits" title="List of cities in the European Union by population within city limits">largest city in Europe</a> not to have one. Nearly all tunnels completed afterwards aren't new routes, but rather overground sections of existing lines moved to the underground.<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beneficial to the expansion of the Stadtbahn were the <i>Vorortbahnen</i> that mostly ran on the right side of the Rhine and usually had their own <a href="/wiki/Right-of-way_(traffic)" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-of-way (traffic)">right-of-ways</a>. Another advantage was the previous use of 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in) wide trains instead of the usual 2.3 m (7 ft 7 in) other cities used for their trams, which made the adjustment for the new 2.65 m (8 ft 8 in) wide <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahnwagen_B" title="Stadtbahnwagen B">Stadtbahnwagen B</a> easier.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>After the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Vorgebirgsbahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vorgebirgsbahn (page does not exist)">Vorgebirgsbahn</a></i> of the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ln-Bonner_Eisenbahnen&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köln-Bonner Eisenbahnen (page does not exist)">Köln-Bonner Eisenbahnen</a></i> started serving <a href="/wiki/Barbarossaplatz_station" title="Barbarossaplatz station">Barbarossaplatz</a> over Luxemburger Straße in 1898,<sup id="cite_ref-line_18_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rheinuferbahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rheinuferbahn (page does not exist)">Rheinuferbahn</a></i> used rail tracks of the trams from its start in 1906,<sup id="cite_ref-line_16_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> beginning the mix of trams and interregional rail. The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=K%C3%B6ln-Frechen-Benzelrather_Eisenbahn&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Köln-Frechen-Benzelrather Eisenbahn (page does not exist)">Köln-Frechen-Benzelrather Eisenbahn</a></i>, which opened in 1893, was modified from <a href="/wiki/Metre-gauge_railway" title="Metre-gauge railway">metre-gauge</a> to <a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="Standard-gauge railway">standard-gauge</a> in 1914, and has been operated by the KVB since 1955 using <a href="/wiki/Eisenbahn-Bau-_und_Betriebsordnung" title="Eisenbahn-Bau- und Betriebsordnung">EBO</a> certified vehicles.<sup id="cite_ref-line_7_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_7-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The integration of the <i>Rheinuferbahn</i> and <i>Vorgebirgsbahn</i> was already planned in the mid-1960s, but had to be put off due to a lack of vehicles that could run on interregional rail and partially tunneled Stadtbahn. </p><p>As seen in other cities, the changing ideas on efficient traffic systems lead to differing needs for the system. An example of this is the length of the platforms. While the first platforms were designed for two coupled 30 m (98 ft) wagons, later the state NRW required space for three or sometimes four Stadtbahnwagen B, which lead to platforms of up to 110 m (360 ft) in length. The usually much shorter overground platforms currently only allow two wagons of collective 58 m (190 ft) length. Another changing factor was the routing itself: the curve radii were enlarged and at-grade crossings avoided. The outer parts of the tunnel network are designed for up to 70 km/h (43 mph), but the distance between stations is more similar to the previous tram network, which is why the top speed is rarely reached. </p><p>There is no plan for the final state of the network as in the U-Bahn of <a href="/wiki/Berlin_U-Bahn" title="Berlin U-Bahn">Berlin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Munich_U-Bahn" title="Munich U-Bahn">Munich</a> or <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_U-Bahn" title="Nuremberg U-Bahn">Nuremberg</a>. The lines and tunnels were built in the order which made most sense to relieve traffic at the time. Because of this and the financial insecurity if the state or federal government would finance more projects, many ramps going from the tunnels to the overground were built only provisorily to enable a later continuation of the tunnels, but no underground stations were designed to become multi-level stations serving different directions. </p><p>Initially the mixed use of trams and Stadtbahnen only allowed for low-floor platforms with a height of 35 cm (14 in), which meant that the high-floor Stadtbahnen had to be (and still are) equipped with stairs. In 1985 the first part of the network was built that was only accessible for high-floor trains with a platform height of 90 cm (35 in). </p><p>Since the summer of 2006, no more trams are in use in Cologne.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2005_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But in the 1990s, the city council had decided to only convert part of the network for use with high-floor trains, that has since been upgraded almost completely. The first few lines were converted to low-floor operations in 1994, another few in 2003. This led to the curiosity that at some platforms the earlier-built escalators don't end at platform level, but a few steps above it, as it had been intended to raise those platforms to 90 cm (35 in).<sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Underground construction in downtown Cologne, one of <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a>'s oldest cities, is often obstructed by <a href="/wiki/Archeologist" class="mw-redirect" title="Archeologist">archeologists</a>' legal rights to dig in all future building sites within the medieval city limits before all heavy construction machinery.<sup id="cite_ref-archaeology_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-archaeology-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_routes">Current routes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Current routes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Friesenplatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/KVB_Friesenplatz.jpg/220px-KVB_Friesenplatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/KVB_Friesenplatz.jpg/330px-KVB_Friesenplatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/KVB_Friesenplatz.jpg/440px-KVB_Friesenplatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3062" data-file-height="4082" /></a><figcaption>Entrance to <a href="/wiki/Friesenplatz_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Friesenplatz (KVB)">Friesenplatz station</a> on <a href="/wiki/Hohenzollernring" class="mw-redirect" title="Hohenzollernring">Hohenzollernring</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Technical_map2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Technical_map2.png/220px-Technical_map2.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Technical_map2.png/330px-Technical_map2.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Technical_map2.png/440px-Technical_map2.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="815" /></a><figcaption>Technical map</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB2306_Appellhofplatz.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/KVB2306_Appellhofplatz.jpg/220px-KVB2306_Appellhofplatz.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/KVB2306_Appellhofplatz.jpg/330px-KVB2306_Appellhofplatz.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/KVB2306_Appellhofplatz.jpg/440px-KVB2306_Appellhofplatz.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption>Appellhofplatz/Breite Straße station before renovation</figcaption></figure> <p>Because the light rail network evolved from the tram network instead of replacing it, there were numerous stations served by both light rail and tram vehicles for almost three decades. While high platforms for step less entry into light rail vehicles could be built on the outer branches, stations in the city center had to have low platforms to support trams as well. The introduction of <a href="/wiki/Low-floor" class="mw-redirect" title="Low-floor">low-floor</a> technology in the early 1990s promised wheelchair-accessible entry throughout the network without having to build several hundred high platforms. To allow the introduction of low-floor trains without having to demolish existing high platforms, the network was divided into two sub-networks of different floor heights.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On weekdays, all lines are served in 5 to 10 minute intervals from 6 am to 8 pm, with little or no service between around 1 am and about 4.30 am, and usually 15 minute intervals in the late night and early morning, as well as on Sundays. On weekends, there is an hourly service throughout the night. Because several lines overlap on the routes through the city center, some stations are served by up to 30 trains per hour in each direction. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th></th> <th>route</th> <th>length</th> <th>avg. speed </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ed1c24; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>1</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Weiden_West_station" title="Köln-Weiden West station">Weiden West</a> – Junkersdorf – <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neumarkt (KVB)">Neumarkt</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bf Deutz</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kalk_Post_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalk Post (KVB)">Kalk Post</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kalk_Kapelle_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalk Kapelle (KVB)">Kalk Kapelle</a> – Brück – Refrath – <a href="/wiki/Bensberg_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bensberg (KVB)">Bensberg</a><br /><small>during peak hours 5-minute intervals Junkersdorf–Brück</small></td> <td>26.5 km (16.5 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-line_1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>27.2 km/h (16.9 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f49ac1; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>3</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Bocklem%C3%BCnd_G%C3%B6rlinger-Zentrum_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bocklemünd Görlinger-Zentrum (KVB)">Görlinger-Zentrum</a> – Mengenich – Bocklemünd – Bickendorf – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Ehrenfeld_station" title="Köln-Ehrenfeld station">Bf Ehrenfeld</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_West_station" title="Köln West station">Bf West</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neumarkt (KVB)">Neumarkt</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bf Deutz</a> – Buchheim – Holweide – <a href="/wiki/Thielenbruch_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thielenbruch (KVB)">Thielenbruch</a><br /><small>off-peak service ends at Holweide</small></td> <td>20.1 km (12.5 mi)</td> <td>26.2 km/h (16.3 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f172ac; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>4</b></td> <td>Bocklemünd – Bickendorf – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Ehrenfeld_station" title="Köln-Ehrenfeld station">Bf Ehrenfeld</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_West_station" title="Köln West station">Bf West</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neumarkt (KVB)">Neumarkt</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bf Deutz</a> – Mülheim, Wiener Platz – Dünnwald – Schlebusch<br /><small>evening service starts at Bickendorf</small></td> <td>21.5 km (13.4 mi)</td> <td>28.0 km/h (17.4 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#9b95c9; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>5</b></td> <td>Sparkasse Am Butzweilerhof – Ossendorf – Neuehrenfeld – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_West_station" title="Köln West station">Bf West</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof">Dom/Hbf</a> – <a href="/wiki/Rathaus_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rathaus (KVB)">Rathaus</a> – <a href="/wiki/Heumarkt_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Heumarkt (KVB)">Heumarkt</a></td> <td>10.3 km (6.4 mi)</td> <td>20.4 km/h (12.7 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f68c59; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>7</b></td> <td>Frechen – Marsdorf – Braunsfeld – <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neumarkt (KVB)">Neumarkt</a> – Poll – Porz – Zündorf<br /><small>Frechen–Braunsfeld served in 20-minute intervals except for peak hours</small></td> <td>25.5 km (15.8 mi)</td> <td>25.5 km/h (15.8 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f58e84; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>9</b></td> <td>Sülz – <a href="/wiki/University_of_Cologne" title="University of Cologne">Universität</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_S%C3%BCd_station" title="Köln Süd station">Bf Süd</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neumarkt (KVB)">Neumarkt</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bf Deutz</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kalk_Post_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalk Post (KVB)">Kalk Post</a> – <a href="/wiki/Kalk_Kapelle_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalk Kapelle (KVB)">Kalk Kapelle</a> – Ostheim – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsforst_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Königsforst (KVB)">Königsforst</a><br /><small>5-minute intervals Universität–Bf Deutz except for school holidays</small></td> <td>15.4 km (9.6 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-line_9_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_9-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>25.0 km/h (15.5 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#8dc63f; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>12</b></td> <td>Merkenich – Niehl – <a href="/wiki/Ebertplatz_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebertplatz (KVB)">Ebertplatz</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Hansaring_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Köln-Hansaring station">Hansaring</a> – Ringe – <a href="/wiki/Zollstock" title="Zollstock">Zollstock</a><br /><small>Merkenich–Niehl served in 20-minute intervals from 9am to 1pm</small></td> <td>16.5 km (10.3 mi)</td> <td>22.0 km/h (13.7 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#a58470; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>13</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClzg%C3%BCrtel_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sülzgürtel (KVB)">Sülzgürtel</a> – Aachener Str. – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Ehrenfeld_station" title="Köln-Ehrenfeld station">Bf Ehrenfeld</a> – Gürtel – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-M%C3%BClheim_station" title="Köln-Mülheim station">Bf Mülheim</a> – Buchheim – Holweide</td> <td>16.2 km (10.1 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-line_13_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_13-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>28.9 km/h (18.0 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#4db848; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>15</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Chorweiler_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chorweiler (KVB)">Chorweiler</a> – Longerich – Ebertplatz – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Hansaring_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Köln-Hansaring station">Hansaring</a> – Ringe – <a href="/wiki/Ubierring_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ubierring (KVB)">Ubierring</a><br /><small>during peak hours 5-minute intervals Longerich–Ubierring</small></td> <td>15.2 km (9.4 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-line_15_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_15-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>24.0 km/h (14.9 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00b6ad; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>16</b></td> <td>Niehl, Sebastianstraße – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof">Dom/Hbf</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neumarkt (KVB)">Neumarkt</a> – Ubierring – Sürth – Wesseling – <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Hbf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn Hbf">Bonn Hbf</a> – Bonn-Bad-Godesberg<br /><small>20-minute intervals from Sürth (during peak hours from Wesseling)</small></td> <td>44.3 km (27.5 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-line_16_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>33.3 km/h (20.7 mph) </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#6ecff6; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>17</b></td> <td> <p>Severinstr. – <a href="/wiki/Chlodwigplatz_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlodwigplatz (KVB)">Chlodwigplatz</a> – Rodenkirchen (– Sürth)<br /><small>Monday to Friday, 7:00 to 8:00 and 16:30 to 18:00 to Sürth</small> </p> </td> <td>8.5 km (5.3 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-not_know_kvb_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not_know_kvb-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00a1e4; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>18</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Thielenbruch_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Thielenbruch (KVB)">Thielenbruch</a> – Buchheim – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-M%C3%BClheim_station" title="Köln-Mülheim station">Bf Mülheim</a> – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof">Dom/Hbf</a> – <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Neumarkt (KVB)">Neumarkt</a> – Klettenberg – Brühl – <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Hbf" class="mw-redirect" title="Bonn Hbf">Bonn Hbf</a><br /><small>5-minute intervals Buchheim–Klettenberg, 20-minute intervals from Brühl</small></td> <td>46.4 km (28.8 mi)<sup id="cite_ref-not_know_kvb_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-not_know_kvb-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td>33.4 km/h (20.8 mph) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low-floor_lines">Low-floor lines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Low-floor lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East-West_lines">East-West lines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: East-West lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koeln_WestOstLinien.png" class="mw-file-description" title="East-West network"><img alt="East-West network" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/15/Koeln_WestOstLinien.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="100" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="100" /></a><figcaption>East-West network</figcaption></figure> <p>The first step towards a low-floor light rail network was concentrating four lines on similar routes into a common east–west-corridor in 1994. These lines were quickly equipped with low platforms 35 cm (14 in) above street level on every single station. While there are some stretches that can be described as classic tramway lines, the majority of the east–west-network has been upgraded to a high standard with long sections having segregated right-of-way, justifying the term "low-floor light rail" (<i>Niederflurstadtbahn</i>). </p><p>In 2006, during the <a href="/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006 FIFA World Cup</a>, route 1 was extended to Weiden-West, via Schulstraße, which connects to the <a href="/wiki/RheinEnergieStadion" title="RheinEnergieStadion">RheinEnergieStadion</a>. </p><p>In 2007, Line 8, which previously operated during peak hours, stopped service. All its runs were integrated into the schedules of Lines 7 and 9.<sup id="cite_ref-line_numbering_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_numbering-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#ed1c24;border:.075em solid #ed1c24;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/1_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="1 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">1</span></a></span>: Weiden West (S-Bahn) – Junkersdorf – Rheinenergiestadion – <a href="/wiki/Aachener_Stra%C3%9Fe/G%C3%BCrtel_station" title="Aachener Straße/Gürtel station">Aachener Straße/Gürtel </a>– <a href="/wiki/Rudolfplatz_station" title="Rudolfplatz station">Rudolfplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_station" title="Neumarkt station">Neumarkt </a>– <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bf Deutz/Messe </a>– Kalk – Brück – Refrath – <a href="/wiki/Bensberg_station" title="Bensberg station">Bensberg</a></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#f68c59;border:.075em solid #f68c59;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/7_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="7 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">7</span></a></span>: Frechen – Marsdorf – <a href="/wiki/Aachener_Stra%C3%9Fe/G%C3%BCrtel_station" title="Aachener Straße/Gürtel station">Aachener Straße/Gürtel </a>– <a href="/wiki/Rudolfplatz_station" title="Rudolfplatz station">Rudolfplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_station" title="Neumarkt station">Neumarkt </a>– Poll – Porz – Zündorf</li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#f58e84;border:.075em solid #f58e84;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/9_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="9 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">9</span></a></span>: Sülz – Zülpicher Straße/Gürtel – University – <a href="/wiki/Z%C3%BClpicher_Platz_station" title="Zülpicher Platz station">Zülpicher Platz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_station" title="Neumarkt station">Neumarkt </a>– <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bf Deutz/Messe </a>– Kalk – Vingst – Ostheim – Rath/Heumar – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsforst_station" title="Königsforst station">Königsforst</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ring_lines">Ring lines</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ring lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koeln_RingeLinien.png" class="mw-file-description" title="The Ring network"><img alt="The Ring network" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1c/Koeln_RingeLinien.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="204" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="204" /></a><figcaption>The Ring network</figcaption></figure> <p>When it became clear to city authorities that the construction of a large number of additional high platforms was not financially feasible, other options were investigated. It was deemed most economical to create a second low-floor network and equip the remaining lines with high platforms. Between the stations "Ebertplatz" and "Barbarossaplatz", there are two possible routes. It was decided that the future low-floor lines would be concentrated in the tunnel underneath the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Ring" title="Cologne Ring">Cologne Ring</a> road, while high-floor lines would use the tunnel under the Central station. </p><p>This change was implemented in December 2003, after the high platforms at the <i>Hansaring</i> station were removed. In 2006, the tracks of the <i><a href="/wiki/Chorweiler" title="Chorweiler">Chorweiler</a></i> station were raised with additional gravel. Since then, all "Ringe" lines are operated with low-floor vehicles. In 2007, Line 6, which had only operated during peak hours, was replaced by additional trains of Line 15.<sup id="cite_ref-line_numbering_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_numbering-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#8dc63f;border:.075em solid #8dc63f;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/12_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="12 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">12</span></a></span>: Merkenich – Fordwerke – Wilh.-Sollmann-Straße – <a href="/wiki/Ebertplatz_station" title="Ebertplatz station">Ebertplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Friesenplatz_station" title="Friesenplatz station">Friesenplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Barbarossaplatz_station" title="Barbarossaplatz station">Barbarossaplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Eifelstra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Eifelstraße station">Eifelstraße </a>– Zollstock</li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#4db848;border:.075em solid #4db848;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/15_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="15 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">15</span></a></span>: <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Chorweiler_station" title="Köln-Chorweiler station">Chorweiler </a>– Longerich – Wilh.-Sollmann-Straße – <a href="/wiki/Ebertplatz_station" title="Ebertplatz station">Ebertplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Friesenplatz_station" title="Friesenplatz station">Friesenplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Barbarossaplatz_station" title="Barbarossaplatz station">Barbarossaplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Eifelstra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Eifelstraße station">Eifelstraße </a>– <a href="/wiki/Chlodwigplatz_station" title="Chlodwigplatz station">Chlodwigplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Ubierring_station" title="Ubierring station">Ubierring</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-floor_lines">High-floor lines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: High-floor lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Koeln_Hochflurlinien.png" class="mw-file-description" title="high-floor sub-network"><img alt="high-floor sub-network" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Koeln_Hochflurlinien.png/200px-Koeln_Hochflurlinien.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Koeln_Hochflurlinien.png/300px-Koeln_Hochflurlinien.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Koeln_Hochflurlinien.png/400px-Koeln_Hochflurlinien.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>high-floor sub-network</figcaption></figure> <p>The high-floor network consists of all lines operated by "classic" light rail vehicles with a floor height of roughly one meter above street level. Since separation from the low-floor network, high platforms are being built in stations in the city center at one or two per year. As of 2022, the most frequented stations have been upgraded except for the <a href="/wiki/Barbarossaplatz_station" title="Barbarossaplatz station">Barbarossaplatz station</a>. </p><p>Since the construction of temporary platforms at the Severinstraße station while the actual station gets modernized and connected to the North-Southern tunnel, lines 3 and 4 are Cologne's first HF lines completely equipped with level entrance. The western branch of Line 5 still has two stops (Subbelrather Straße/Gürtel and Nußbaumerstraße, both shared with Line 13) with low platforms, the rest of its stations were made high-floor when the line was extended into the Butzweilerhof industrial area. </p><p>Line 13 is also called the "beltway" (<a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Cologne#Cologne_Belt" title="List of streets in Cologne">Gürtel</a>) line because it is the only line that does not touch the city center. Line 13 is also called the Outer Ring line, while Lines 12 and 15 together can be called the inner ring line. Most of the line runs along a series of roads of the same name. The northern part of Line 13 is built as an elevated railway. High-floor platforms are still very rare on this line, because it shares three platforms (Dürener Straße, Wüllnerstraße, Aachener Straße/Gürtel) with the low-floor line 7 and many parts of the platforms are lined with old trees, making the upgrade more difficult.<sup id="cite_ref-line_13_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_13-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the timetable change on 13 December 2015, a section of the north–south rail has been operated by line 17. From Severinstraße it runs through the newly built tunnel to Bonner Wall, after which it joins line 16 at Schönhauser Str. and runs alongside it to Rodenkirchen Bf. In the morning and evening peak (07:00 to 08:00 and 16:30 to 18:00), the line runs further to Sürth. </p><p>Lines 16 and 18 are the longest lines in the network, connecting Cologne to <a href="/wiki/Bonn" title="Bonn">Bonn</a> via railway lines. </p> <ul><li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#f49ac1;border:.075em solid #f49ac1;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/3_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="3 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">3</span></a></span>: Mengenich – Bocklemünd – <a href="/wiki/Venloer_Stra%C3%9Fe/G%C3%BCrtel_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venloer Straße/Gürtel (KVB)">Venloer Straße/Gürtel </a>– <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_West_station" title="Köln West station">Hans-Böckler-Platz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Friesenplatz_station" title="Friesenplatz station">Friesenplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_station" title="Neumarkt station">Neumarkt </a>– Severinstraße – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bf Deutz/LANxess Arena </a>– Buchheim – Holweide – Dellbrück – <a href="/wiki/Thielenbruch_station" title="Thielenbruch station">Thielenbruch</a></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#f172ac;border:.075em solid #f172ac;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/4_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="4 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">4</span></a></span>: <a href="/wiki/G%C3%B6rlinger-Zentrum_station" title="Görlinger-Zentrum station">Bocklemünd </a>– <a href="/wiki/Venloer_Stra%C3%9Fe/G%C3%BCrtel_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Venloer Straße/Gürtel (KVB)">Venloer Straße/Gürtel </a>– <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_West_station" title="Köln West station">Hans-Böckler-Platz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Friesenplatz_station" title="Friesenplatz station">Friesenplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_station" title="Neumarkt station">Neumarkt </a>– Severinstraße – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bf Deutz/LANxess Arena </a>– Mülheim – Höhenhaus –Dünnwald – Schlebusch</li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#9b95c9;border:.075em solid #9b95c9;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/5_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="5 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">5</span></a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Sparkasse_Am_Butzweilerhof_station" title="Sparkasse Am Butzweilerhof station">Sparkasse Am Butzweilerhof </a>– IKEA Am Butzweilerhof – Alter Flughafen Butzweilerhof – Rektor-Klein-Straße – Margaretastraße – Iltisstraße – Lenauplatz – Nußbaumerstraße – Subbelrather Str./Gürtel – Liebigstraße – Gutenbergstraße – <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_West_station" title="Köln West station">Hans-Böckler-Platz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Friesenplatz_station" title="Friesenplatz station">Friesenplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Appellhofplatz_station" title="Appellhofplatz station">Appellhofplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof">Dom/Hbf (Central Station) </a>– <a href="/wiki/Rathaus_station_(Cologne)" title="Rathaus station (Cologne)">Rathaus </a>– <a href="/wiki/Heumarkt_station" title="Heumarkt station">Heumarkt</a></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#a58470;border:.075em solid #a58470;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/13_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="13 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">13</span></a></span>: <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClzg%C3%BCrtel_station" title="Sülzgürtel station">Sülzgürtel </a>– Zülpicher Straße/Gürtel – Dürener Straße/Gürtel – <a href="/wiki/Aachener_Stra%C3%9Fe/G%C3%BCrtel_station" title="Aachener Straße/Gürtel station">Aachener Straße/Gürtel </a>– <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Ehrenfeld_station" title="Köln-Ehrenfeld station">Venloer Straße/Gürtel </a>– Subbelrather Straße/Gürtel – Nußbaumer Straße – <a href="/wiki/Escher_Stra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Escher Straße station">Escher Straße </a>– <a href="/wiki/Neusser_Stra%C3%9Fe/G%C3%BCrtel_station" title="Neusser Straße/Gürtel station">Neusser Straße/Gürtel </a>– <a href="/wiki/Amsterdamer_Stra%C3%9Fe/G%C3%BCrtel_station" title="Amsterdamer Straße/Gürtel station">Amsterdamer Straße/Gürtel </a>– <a href="/wiki/Slabystra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Slabystraße station">Slabystraße </a>– Mülheim – Buchheim – Holweide</li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#00b6ad;border:.075em solid #00b6ad;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/16_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="16 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">16</span></a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Bonn-Bad_Godesberg_station" title="Bonn-Bad Godesberg station">Bonn-Bad Godesberg </a>– <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Hauptbahnhof" title="Bonn Hauptbahnhof">Bonn Hbf (Main Station) </a>– Wesseling – Sürth – Rodenkirchen – <a href="/wiki/Ubierring_station" title="Ubierring station">Ubierring </a> – <a href="/wiki/Barbarossaplatz_station" title="Barbarossaplatz station">Barbarossaplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_station" title="Neumarkt station">Neumarkt </a>– <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof">Dom/Hbf (Central Station) </a>– <a href="/wiki/Ebertplatz_station" title="Ebertplatz station">Ebertplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Reichenspergerplatz_station" title="Reichenspergerplatz station">Reichensperger Platz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Niehl_Sebastianstra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Niehl Sebastianstraße station">Niehl</a></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#6ecff6;border:.075em solid #6ecff6;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/17_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="17 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">17</span></a></span>: Severinstraße – <a href="/wiki/Chlodwigplatz_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlodwigplatz (KVB)">Chlodwigplatz </a>– Rodenkirchen (– Sürth)<br /><small>Monday to Friday, 7:00 to 8:00 and 16:30 to 18:00 to Sürth</small></li> <li><span style="color:inherit;background-color:#00a1e4;border:.075em solid #00a1e4;padding:0 .3em"><a href="/wiki/18_(KVB_line)" class="mw-redirect" title="18 (KVB line)"><span style="color:#FFFFFF;font-weight:bold;font-size:inherit;white-space:nowrap">18</span></a></span>: <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Hauptbahnhof" title="Bonn Hauptbahnhof">Bonn Hbf (Main Station) </a>– Brühl – Klettenberg – <a href="/wiki/S%C3%BClzg%C3%BCrtel_station" title="Sülzgürtel station">Sülzgürtel </a>– <a href="/wiki/Barbarossaplatz_station" title="Barbarossaplatz station">Barbarossaplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_station" title="Neumarkt station">Neumarkt </a>– <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof">Dom/Hbf (Central Station) </a>– <a href="/wiki/Ebertplatz_station" title="Ebertplatz station">Ebertplatz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Reichenspergerplatz_station" title="Reichenspergerplatz station">Reichensperger Platz </a>– <a href="/wiki/Slabystra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Slabystraße station">Slabystraße </a>– Mülheim – Buchheim – Holweide – Dellbrück – <a href="/wiki/Thielenbruch_station" title="Thielenbruch station">Thielenbruch</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Former_lines">Former lines</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Former lines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="[icon]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/44px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="31" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/66px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg/88px-Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="31" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs expansion</b> with:   <ul><li>Not mentioned lines that once operated: 21–27</li> <li>Only goes back to the start of the Stadtbahn era. You can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=">adding to it</a>. <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2022</span>)</i></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>A list of old routes of lines and lines that stopped service. If a line's route only changed because it was expanded on one end, that change is not listed here. The highest line number ever used on the system was 27 in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-line_numbering_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_numbering-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"> <tbody><tr class="hintergrundfarbe5"> <th>Line</th> <th>Route</th> <th>from</th> <th>to </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4" style="background-color:#ed1c24; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;"> <b>1</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Weiden Schulstr.- Junkersdorf – Müngersdorf – Braunsfeld – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt – Heumarkt – Deutz/Messe – Kalk – Höhenberg – Merheim – Brück – Refrath – Bensberg </td> <td>16 June 2002</td> <td>27 May 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Junkersdorf – Müngersdorf – Braunsfeld – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt – Heumarkt – Deutz/Messe – Kalk – Höhenberg – Merheim – Brück – Refrath – Bensberg </td> <td>2 August 1980</td> <td>15 June 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Sülz, Hermeskeiler Platz – Universität – Zülpicher Platz – Neumarkt – Heumarkt – Deutz/Messe – Kalk – Höhenberg – Merheim – Brück – Refrath – Bensberg </td> <td>19 October 1970</td> <td>1 August 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bocklemünd – Bickendorf – Venloer Str./Gürtel – Hans-Böckler-Platz – Brabanter Str. – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt – Heumarkt – Deutz/Messe – Kalk – Höhenberg – Merheim – Brück – Refrath – Bensberg </td> <td>12 June 1967</td> <td>18 October 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F4D471; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="6"> <b>2</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>30 May 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Benzelrath – Frechen – Marsdorf – Lindenthal – Braunsfeld – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt (– Heumarkt – Deutz – Poll – Porz – Zündorf) </td> <td>25 September 1994</td> <td>30 May 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Benzelrath – Frechen – Marsdorf – Lindenthal – Braunsfeld – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt (– Heumarkt – Deutz/Messe – Kalk – Vingst – Ostheim) </td> <td>2 August 1980</td> <td>24 September 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Sülz, Hermeskeiler Platz – Universität – Zülpicher Platz – Neumarkt – Heumarkt – Deutz – Vingst – Ostheim </td> <td>19 October 1970</td> <td>2 August 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Zollstock, Südfriedhof – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf. </td> <td>6 October 1969</td> <td>18 October 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Zollstock, Südfriedhof – Barbarossaplatz – Zülpicher Platz – Mauritiuskirche – Neumarkt – Poststraße – Barbarossaplatz – Zollstock, Südfriedhof </td> <td>12 June 1967</td> <td>5 October 1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f49ac1; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="3"> <b>3</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Bocklemünd – Venloer Str./Gürtel – Hans-Böckler-Platz – Friesenplatz – Appellhofplatz – Neumarkt – Severinstr. – Bf. Deutz/Messe – Buchheim – Holweide – Dellbrück – Thielenbruch </td> <td>19 October 1970</td> <td>15 June 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> <i>during U-Bahn construction only from Venloer Str./Gürtel</i> </td> <td>16 September 1989</td> <td>30 May 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bickendorf, Schleife am Erlenweg – Akazienweg – Venloer Str./Gürtel – Hans-Böckler-Platz – Brabanter Str. – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt – Kleiner Griechenmarkt – Severinsbrücke – Bf. Deutz/Messe – Buchheim – Holweide – Dellbrück – Thielenbruch </td> <td>12 June 1967</td> <td>18 October 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f172ac; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="5"> <b>4</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Bickendorf, Äußere Kanalstraße – Subbelrather Straße/Gürtel – Hans-Böckler-Platz – Friesenplatz – Appellhofplatz – Neumarkt – Severinstr. – Bf. Deutz/Messe – Mülheim – Höhenhaus – Dünnwald – Schlebusch; </td> <td>24 June 1989</td> <td>30 May 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bocklemünd – Subbelrather Straße/Gürtel – Hans-Böckler-Platz – Friesenplatz – Appellhofplatz – Neumarkt – Severinstr. – Bf. Deutz/Messe – Mülheim – Höhenhaus – Dünnwald – Schlebusch; </td> <td>24 April 1985</td> <td>23 June 1989 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bocklemünd – Venloer Str./Gürtel – Hans-Böckler-Platz – Friesenplatz – Appellhofplatz – Neumarkt – Severinstr. – Bf. Deutz/Messe – Mülheim – Höhenhaus – Dünnwald – Schlebusch; </td> <td>7 January 1975</td> <td>23 April 1985 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bickendorf, Akazienweg – Venloer Str./Gürtel – Hans-Böckler-Platz – Friesenplatz – Appellhofplatz – Neumarkt – Severinstr. – Bf. Deutz/Messe – Mülheim – Höhenhaus – Dünnwald – Schlebusch; </td> <td>19 October 1970</td> <td>6 January 1975 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Rudolfplatz (Moltkestr.) – Neumarkt – Severinstr. – Bf. Deutz/Messe – Mülheim – Höhenhaus, Neurather Weg; </td> <td>8 April 1968</td> <td>18 October 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#9b95c9; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="5"> <b>5</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Am Butzweilerhof – Ossendorf – Neuehrenfeld – Friesenplatz – Dom/Hbf. – Rathaus </td> <td>December 2012</td> <td>December 2013 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Am Butzweilerhof – Ossendorf – Neuehrenfeld – Friesenplatz – Dom/Hbf. – Ebertplatz – Reichenspergerplatz </td> <td>December 2010</td> <td>December 2012 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ossendorf – Neuehrenfeld – Friesenplatz – Dom/Hbf. – Ebertplatz – Reichenspergerplatz </td> <td>23 May 1993</td> <td>December 2010 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ossendorf – Neuehrenfeld – Friesenplatz – Dom/Hbf. – Ebertplatz – Reichenspergerplatz – Zoo/Flora – Mülheim – Höhenhaus, Neurather Weg </td> <td>9 November 1986</td> <td>22 May 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ossendorf – Neuehrenfeld – Friesenplatz – Dom/Hbf. – Ebertplatz – Reichenspergerplatz </td> <td>25 August 1974</td> <td>8 November 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#BFD730; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="6"> <b>6</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>June 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Longerich – Weidenpesch – Nippes – Ebertplatz („6 Nord“) </td> <td>October 2006</td> <td>June 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Dom/Hbf – Neumarkt – Barbarossaplatz – Chlodwigplatz – Ubierring („6 Süd“) </td> <td>October 2006</td> <td>June 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Longerich – Weidenpesch – Nippes – Ebertplatz – Friesenplatz – Rudolfplatz – Barbarossaplatz – Chlodwigplatz – Ubierring </td> <td>September 2002</td> <td>October 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Longerich – Weidenpesch – Nippes – Ebertplatz – Friesenplatz – Rudolfplatz – Barbarossaplatz – Chlodwigplatz – Bayenthal – Marienburg, <a href="/w/index.php?title=S%C3%BCdpark_(K%C3%B6ln)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Südpark (Köln) (page does not exist)">Südpark</a> </td> <td>27 July 1974</td> <td>7 September 2002 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">(HVZ: Fordwerke, Ölhafen -) Niehl – Weidenpesch – Nippes – Ebertplatz – Friesenplatz – Rudolfplatz – Barbarossaplatz – Chlodwigplatz – Bayenthal – Marienburg, Südpark </td> <td>19 October 1970</td> <td>26 July 1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f68c59; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"> <b>7</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Sülz, Hermeskeiler Platz – Universität – Zülpicher Platz – Neumarkt – Heumarkt – Deutz – Poll – Porz – Zündorf </td> <td>2 August 1980</td> <td>29 May 1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Junkersdorf – Müngersdorf – Melaten – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt – Heumarkt – Deutz – Poll – Porz – Zündorf </td> <td>12 June 1967</td> <td>2 August 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#F36F21; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"> <b>8</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>June 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Universität – Zülpicher Platz – Neumarkt (– Poll – Porz) / (– Bf. Deutz/Messe) </td> <td>1999</td> <td>June 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>2 August 1980</td> <td>1999 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Müngersdorf (Stadion) – Melaten – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt – Heumarkt – Deutz/Messe – Kalk – Höhenberg – Merheim – Brück (– Refrath) </td> <td>8 April 1968</td> <td>2 August 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#f58e84; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"> <b>9</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Chorweiler – Heimersdorf – Longerich – Nippes – Ebertplatz – Dom/Hbf – Neumarkt – Deutz – Kalk – Vingst – Ostheim – Rath-Heumar – Königsforst </td> <td>17 November 1973</td> <td>24 September 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Heimersdorf – Longerich – Nippes – Ebertplatz – Dom/Hbf – Neumarkt – Deutz – Kalk – Vingst – Ostheim – Rath-Heumar – Königsforst </td> <td>18 May 1971</td> <td>16 November 1973 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Longerich – Nippes – Ebertplatz – Dom/Hbf – Neumarkt – Deutz – Kalk – Vingst – Ostheim – Rath-Heumar – Königsforst </td> <td>19 October 1970</td> <td>17 May 1971 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Longerich – Niehl – Fordwerke, Ölhafen </td> <td>12 June 1967</td> <td>18 October 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#AE4A66;color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"> <b>10</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>26 September 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Zollstock, Südfriedhof – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Nippes – Niehl – Merkenich </td> <td>31 October 1987</td> <td>26 September 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Klettenberg – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Nippes – Niehl – Fordwerke, Ölhafen; </td> <td>25 August 1974</td> <td>9 November 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Klettenberg – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Nippes – Weidenpesch – Longerich; </td> <td>6 October 1969</td> <td>27 July 1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#754346; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"> <b>11</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>9 November 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Klettenberg – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf – Ebertplatz – Mülheim – Höhenhaus, Neurather Weg </td> <td>27 July 1974</td> <td>9 November 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#8dc63f; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="1"> <b>12</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Zollstock, Südfriedhof – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf. – Ebertplatz – Nippes – Niehl – Merkenich </td> <td>18 October 1970</td> <td>December 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#a58470; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"> <b>13</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Sülzgürtel – Lindenthal – Braunsfeld – Ehrenfeld – Nippes – Riehl – Mülheim – Höhenhaus, Neurather Weg </td> <td>23 May 1993</td> <td>31 May 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Sülzgürtel – Lindenthal – Braunsfeld – Ehrenfeld – Nippes – Riehl – Mülheim, Wiener Platz </td> <td>25 August 1974</td> <td>22 May 1993 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Sülzgürtel – Lindenthal – Braunsfeld – Ehrenfeld – Neuehrenfeld, Takuplatz </td> <td>23 October 1972</td> <td>25 August 1974 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Sülzgürtel – Lindenthal – Braunsfeld – Ehrenfeld – Bilderstöckchen, Longericher Str. </td> <td>30 September 1963</td> <td>22 October 1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#73C7F7; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="2"> <b>14</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>27 May 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">KölnMesse – Deutz/Messe – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf.<br /> <i><small>(Fair days only)</small></i> </td> <td>17 January 1984</td> <td>27 May 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#4db848; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="3"> <b>15</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Thielenbruch – Dellbrück – Buchheim – Mülheim – Ebertplatz – Friesenplatz – Rudolfplatz – Barbarossaplatz – Chlodwigplatz – Ubierring </td> <td>25 September 1994</td> <td>13 December 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Thielenbruch – Dellbrück – Buchheim – Mülheim – Ebertplatz – Friesenplatz – Rudolfplatz – Barbarossaplatz – Chlodwigplatz – Ubierring – Rodenkirchen – Sürth </td> <td>12 August 1978</td> <td>24 September 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ossendorf – Neuehrenfeld – Friesenplatz – Neumarkt – Severinsbrücke – Deutz – Mülheim – Höhenhaus, Neurather Weg<br /> <i><small>(peak hours only)</small></i> </td> <td>19 October 1970</td> <td>23 October 1972 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00b6ad; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"> <b>16</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Bonn-Bad Godesberg – Bonn Hbf – Wesseling – Sürth – Rodenkirchen – Ubierring – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Niehl, Sebastianstr. </td> <td>October 2006</td> <td>June 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bonn-Bad Godesberg – Bonn Hbf – Wesseling – Sürth – Rodenkirchen – Ubierring – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf – Ebertplatz – Mülheim – Buchheim, Herler Straße </td> <td>1997</td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bonn-Bad Godesberg – Bonn Hbf – Wesseling – Sürth – Rodenkirchen – Ubierring – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf – Ebertplatz – Mülheim, Wiener Platz </td> <td>12 August 1978</td> <td>31 May 1997 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Rodenkirchen, Siegfriedstraße – Rheinufer – Ubierring – Chlodwigplatz – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Mülheim – Holweide – Dellbrück – Thielenbruch </td> <td></td> <td>11 August 1978 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#6ecff6; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"> <b>17</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>October 2006</td> <td>December 2015 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ubierring – Chlodwigplatz – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf – Ebertplatz – Mülheim – Buchheim, Herler Straße<br /><small>(evenings and weekends only)</small> </td> <td>December 2003</td> <td>October 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Ubierring – Chlodwigplatz – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Niehl, Sebastianstraße<br /><small>(evenings and weekends only)</small> </td> <td>31 May 1997</td> <td>December 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Klettenbergpark – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf – Ebertplatz – Reichenspergerplatz </td> <td>9 November 1986</td> <td>1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00a1e4; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"> <b>18</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;">Bonn Hbf – Brühl – Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Mülheim – Buchheim – Dellbrück – Thielenbruch </td> <td>October 2006</td> <td>June 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bonn Hbf – Brühl – Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf – Ebertplatz – Nippes – Longerich – Heimersdorf – Chorweiler </td> <td>September 1994</td> <td>October 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bonn Hbf – Brühl – Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf – Ebertplatz – Mülheim </td> <td>9 November 1986</td> <td>September 1994 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Bonn, Rheinuferbahnhof – Brühl – Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz<br /><small>Operated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne-Bonn_Railways&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cologne-Bonn Railways (page does not exist)">Cologne-Bonn Railways</a></small> </td> <td>12 August 1978</td> <td>9 November 1986 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:#00B9F2; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="9"> <b>19</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>5 August 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf ("19 Süd") </td> <td>9 October 2006</td> <td>5 August 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Breslauer Platz – Ebertplatz – Mülheim – Buchheim, Herler Str. ("19 Nord") </td> <td>9 October 2006</td> <td>5 August 2007 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz – Neumarkt – Dom/Hbf – Ebertplatz – Mülheim – Buchheim, Herler Str. </td> <td>15 December 2003</td> <td>8 October 2006 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Niehl, Sebastianstr. </td> <td>31 May 1992</td> <td>14 December 2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Hürth-Hermülheim – Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Niehl, Sebastianstr. </td> <td>27 September 1991</td> <td>30 May 1992 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Hürth-Hermülheim – Klettenberg – Sülzgürtel – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Nippes – Weidenpesch – Niehl </td> <td>9 November 1986</td> <td>26 September 1991 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Brühl Mitte – Brühl Ost – Berzdorf – Wesseling<br /><small>Inter-city operated by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne-Bonn_Railways&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cologne-Bonn Railways (page does not exist)">Cologne-Bonn Railways</a></small> </td> <td>12 August 1978</td> <td>31 May 1981 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Longerich – Nippes – Ebertplatz – Friesenplatz – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt – Deutz – Kalk – Vingst – Ostheim – Rath-Heumar – Königsforst </td> <td>5 October 1964</td> <td>19 October 1970 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background-color:cyan; color:#ffffff; text-align:center;" rowspan="4"> <b>20</b>  </td> <td style="text-align:left;"> stopped service </td> <td>2 August 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Benzelrath – Frechen – Marsdorf – Lindenthal – Braunsfeld – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt </td> <td>10 October 1969</td> <td>2 August 1980 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Benzelrath – Frechen – Marsdorf – Lindenthal – Braunsfeld – Rudolfplatz – Neumarkt (– Heumarkt – Deutz – Poll <small>not so frequent</small>) </td> <td>6 October 1969</td> <td>9 October 1969 </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:left;">Klettenberg – Barbarossaplatz – Rudolfplatz – Friesenplatz – Ebertplatz – Nippes – Niehl – Fordwerke, Ölhafen; </td> <td>10 June 1967</td> <td>8 April 1968 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Past_expansion">Past expansion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Past expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Due to the lack of an overarching plan on the expansion of the network, there's no single point when the tram became the Stadtbahn, and the expansion projects since the building of the <i>Innenstadttunnel</i> will be listed chronologically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Innenstadt_tunnel">Innenstadt tunnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Innenstadt tunnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Innenstadttunnel.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Inenstadttunnel in its final state 1970" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/KVB_Innenstadttunnel.svg/220px-KVB_Innenstadttunnel.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/KVB_Innenstadttunnel.svg/330px-KVB_Innenstadttunnel.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/KVB_Innenstadttunnel.svg/440px-KVB_Innenstadttunnel.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Innenstadt tunnel</i> (English: <span lang="en">inner city tunnel</span>) was opened in several parts from 1968 to 1970. The first part served from Dom/Hbf to Appellhofplatz, reaching the surface through a temporary ramp at Friesenplatz, and in the following year, the section Appellhofplatz – Barbarossaplatz was added. At the station Appellhofplatz, a triangular junction was built, with the tunnel from Friesenplatz to Dom/Hbf passing under the rest of the railways. In October 1970, the sections Poststraße – Severinsbridge and Dom/Hbf – Breslauer Platz followed, with a temporary ramp built at Breslauer Platz. The ramp at Barbarossaplatz was also intended to only be temporary, but is still in use to this day (2023).<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Because the <i>Innenstadttunnel</i> was built as an <a href="/wiki/Semi-metro" title="Semi-metro">underground tram</a>, it has small curve radii and level junctions at Appellhofplatz and Poststraße. Currently (2022) the tunnel is served by three lines with 10 min headway and one with 5 min headway.<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-rush_hour_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rush_hour-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Chorweiler_extension">Chorweiler extension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Chorweiler extension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Chorweiler.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Chorweiler extension" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/KVB_Chorweiler.svg/133px-KVB_Chorweiler.svg.png" decoding="async" width="133" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/KVB_Chorweiler.svg/200px-KVB_Chorweiler.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/KVB_Chorweiler.svg/266px-KVB_Chorweiler.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In the 1970s, tracks were extended to the <a href="/wiki/Commuter_town" title="Commuter town">commuter town</a> <a href="/wiki/Chorweiler" title="Chorweiler">Chorweiler</a>. This extension was the first in Cologne to be built metro-like from the start. In 1971, the first 2.3-kilometre-long (1.4 mi) section was constructed on an exclusive right-of-way. It starts from existing tram lines to the north, crosses under the Militärringsstraße and over the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_1" title="Bundesautobahn 1">A1</a> to the underground Heimersdorf station. The line ended in a temporary loop about 200 m (660 ft) farther to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1950_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1973, the extension was completed at an underground terminus at <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Chorweiler_station" title="Köln-Chorweiler station">Köln-Chorweiler station</a>, which is shared with the <a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a> line S11.<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1950_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2003, line 15 operates this part of the network. </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ebertplatz_and_Nippes_tunnels">Ebertplatz and Nippes tunnels</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ebertplatz and Nippes tunnels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_1970.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the tunnels around Ebertplatz" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/KVB_1970.svg/220px-KVB_1970.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/KVB_1970.svg/330px-KVB_1970.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/KVB_1970.svg/440px-KVB_1970.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Another major extension came in 1974 with the opening of the Ebertplatz and Nippes tunnels. </p><p>The north-south portion of the tunnel was an extension of the Innenstadttunnel under Neusser Straße, adding underground stations at <a href="/wiki/Ebertplatz_station" title="Ebertplatz station">Ebertplatz</a> (shared with the west-east tunnel), <a href="/wiki/Lohsestra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Lohsestraße station">Lohsestraße</a>, <a href="/wiki/Florastra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Florastraße station">Florastraße</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Neusser_Stra%C3%9Fe/G%C3%BCrtel_station" title="Neusser Straße/Gürtel station">Neusser Straße/Gürtel</a>. This tunnel was considered a priority because Neusser Straße is a relatively narrow main street and was the most used part of the network outside the city center at the time. Because of financing problems, the tunnel ended just before Mollwitzstraße station instead of continuing to the split of the line at Wilhelm-Sollman-Straße station, and the ramp was built as a temporary solution, enabling the later continuation of the tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1950_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The west-east portion of the tunnel put trains under the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Ring" title="Cologne Ring">Cologne Ring</a> for the first time. From west to east, trains went underground at a temporary ramp just past <a href="/wiki/Christophstra%C3%9Fe/Mediapark_station" title="Christophstraße/Mediapark station">Christophstraße station</a>, served new underground stations at <a href="/wiki/Hansaring_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Hansaring station">Hansaring</a>, Ebertplatz (shared with the north-south tunnel) and <a href="/wiki/Reichenspergerplatz_station" title="Reichenspergerplatz station">Reichenspergerplatz</a>, before returning to the surface at a ramp west of <a href="/wiki/Zoo/Flora_station" title="Zoo/Flora station">Zoo/Flora station</a>. Turning loops were built at both ends.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1950_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The two lines meet at Ebertplatz station, which was designed to minimize the number of times trains would need to crossover tracks to maximize the efficiency of the station and tunnels. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gürtel_Hochbahn_(elevated_railway)"><span id="G.C3.BCrtel_Hochbahn_.28elevated_railway.29"></span>Gürtel Hochbahn (elevated railway)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gürtel Hochbahn (elevated railway)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the same time as the tunnels in Nippes, an <a href="/wiki/Elevated_railway" title="Elevated railway">elevated railway</a> was finished for line 13 following the <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Cologne#Cologne_Belt" title="List of streets in Cologne">Gürtel</a>, which at the time was planned to be extended from <a href="/wiki/Bilderst%C3%B6ckchen" class="mw-redirect" title="Bilderstöckchen">Bilderstöckchen</a> to the <a href="/wiki/M%C3%BClheim_Bridge,_Cologne" title="Mülheim Bridge, Cologne">Mülheim Bridge</a>. The line starts at Nußbaumerstraße up to where line 13 runs in the middle of the Gürtel, and connects it with the Mülheim Bridge. The <a href="/wiki/Lower_Left_Rhine_Railway" title="Lower Left Rhine Railway">Cologne-Neuss railway</a> however is crossed underneath, at which a station (Geldernstraße/Parkgürtel) creates a connection to S-Bahn services. At the approach to the Mülheim Bridge the line joins the also junction-free line from the zoo. To create enough space for climbing the elevation change, the two lines cross at the station Slabystraße before joining farther along the bridge. This and the tunnels in Nippes meant that Cologne now had the longest underground/elevated railway networks of German cities that started those systems after World-War 2.<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1950_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Deutz/Kalk"><span id="Deutz.2FKalk"></span>Deutz/Kalk</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Deutz/Kalk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_DeutzKalk.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the tunnel under Deutz and Kalk" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/KVB_DeutzKalk.svg/267px-KVB_DeutzKalk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="267" height="134" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/KVB_DeutzKalk.svg/401px-KVB_DeutzKalk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/KVB_DeutzKalk.svg/534px-KVB_DeutzKalk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="256" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The first tunnel to the east of the Rhine was opened in the years 1976 to 1983. After the station Frankfurter Straße had already been lowered in 1964, the ramp to the first part of the tunnel with the station Fuldaer Straße was built there. The subsequent tunnels in <a href="/wiki/Kalk,_Cologne" title="Kalk, Cologne">Kalk</a>, Vingst and <a href="/wiki/Deutz,_Cologne" title="Deutz, Cologne">Deutz</a> followed in 1980, 1981 and 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1950_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The branch to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsforst_station" title="Königsforst station">Königsforst</a> joins at station Kalk Kapelle without a junction by crossing under. Between the stations <i>Deutz Technische Hochschule</i> and <i>Bf Deutz/Messe</i> a small underground parking facility was created,<sup id="cite_ref-depots_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-depots-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the station <a href="/wiki/Kalk_Post_station" title="Kalk Post station">Kalk Post</a> a bunker was built.<sup id="cite_ref-bunker_kalk_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bunker_kalk-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the same time as the tunnels were built, the <a href="/wiki/Deutz_Suspension_Bridge" title="Deutz Suspension Bridge">Deutz Bridge</a> was widened by building another bridge with the same profile to its south, and then moved next to the existing one. With this new construction, the Stadtbahn got a dedicated track through the middle of the bridge.<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rheinuferbahn">Rheinuferbahn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Rheinuferbahn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Rheinuferbahn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Rheinuferbahn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/KVB_Rheinuferbahn.svg/150px-KVB_Rheinuferbahn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="300" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/KVB_Rheinuferbahn.svg/225px-KVB_Rheinuferbahn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/KVB_Rheinuferbahn.svg/300px-KVB_Rheinuferbahn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Since 1978 line 16 operates as an overland-line. At the station Marienburg (since renamed to Heinrich-Lübke-Ufer) it diverges from its previous routing to the center of <a href="/wiki/Rodenkirchen" title="Rodenkirchen">Rodenkirchen</a> to the Rheinuferbahn of the <i>Köln-Bonner Eisenbahnen</i> (Cologne-Bonn railways) which it follows to Bonn. Different to the solution later used in <a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Stadtbahn#Acquisition_and_extension_of_the_Alb_Valley_Railway" title="Karlsruhe Stadtbahn">Karlsruhe</a>, the railway was changed to accommodate Stadtbahn vehicles, instead of equipping Stadtbahn vehicles with the technology needed to be used on mainline railways. The Rheinuferbahn was converted to Stadtbahn service by changing its electrification from 1200 V to 750 V, upgrading the <a href="/wiki/Punktf%C3%B6rmige_Zugbeeinflussung" title="Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung">train protection system</a> and retrofitting the switches for the smaller wheels of the Stadtbahn vehicles. The line is still operated as a railway under EBO, with mixed freight and passenger services running on parts of it. Line 16 was the first time, that vehicles from Bonn entered Cologne's network.<sup id="cite_ref-line_16_12-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1950_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Friesenplatz_–_Gutenbergstraße"><span id="Friesenplatz_.E2.80.93_Gutenbergstra.C3.9Fe"></span>Friesenplatz – Gutenbergstraße</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Friesenplatz – Gutenbergstraße"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Westbahnhof.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the tunnel from Friesenplatz to Gutenbergstraße" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/KVB_Westbahnhof.svg/220px-KVB_Westbahnhof.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/KVB_Westbahnhof.svg/330px-KVB_Westbahnhof.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/KVB_Westbahnhof.svg/440px-KVB_Westbahnhof.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The <i>Innenstadttunnel</i> was continued from the station Friesenplatz in 1985. It diverges grade separated from the tunnel to <a href="/wiki/Ehrenfeld,_Cologne" title="Ehrenfeld, Cologne">Ehrenfeld</a> at Hans-Böckler-Platz/Bahnhof West where elevators go directly from the underground station's platforms to the ones of <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_West_station" title="Köln West station">Köln West station</a>. The tunnel then turns north beneath the green belt and reaches the surface at the station Gutenbergstraße. During the construction of the tunnel under Venloer Straße the tunnel was used by lines 3 and 4, while usually it is only served by line 5.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-line_4_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vorgebirgsbahn">Vorgebirgsbahn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Vorgebirgsbahn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Vorgebirgsbahn_map.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Vorgebirgsbahn" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Vorgebirgsbahn_map.png/150px-Vorgebirgsbahn_map.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Vorgebirgsbahn_map.png/225px-Vorgebirgsbahn_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Vorgebirgsbahn_map.png/299px-Vorgebirgsbahn_map.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="967" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Like the Rheinuferbahn 8 years before, the Vorgebirgsbahn was completely converted to Stadtbahn operations in 1986. Already since the electrification in the 1930s, the trams and Vorgebirgsbahn shared tracks between Barbarossaplatz and Klettenberg. With the conversion to Stadtbahn, the tram lines 10 and 11 were replaced by the Stadtbahn, which meant that the turning loop was replaced by a turning rail. In 1990 to 1992 the platforms were converted to high-floor platforms (except for Barbarossaplatz).<sup id="cite_ref-line_18_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_18-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ring_tunnel">Ring tunnel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Ring tunnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Ringe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the ring tunnel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/KVB_Ringe.svg/220px-KVB_Ringe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/KVB_Ringe.svg/330px-KVB_Ringe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/KVB_Ringe.svg/440px-KVB_Ringe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>Since October 1987 a tunnel exists under the <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Ring" title="Cologne Ring">Cologne Ring</a>. It continues the tunnel at from Hansaring and crosses under the lines 1 and 7 at Rudolfplatz. At Friesenplatz it crosses under the <i>Innenstadttunnel</i> which forms the currently (2022) only completely underground station junction which is a bit messy because of the stacked side-platforms. At Zülpicher Platz the tunnel ends in a ramp to the surface. </p><p>The station Rudolfplatz was also designed as a bunker.<sup id="cite_ref-bunker_rudolfplatz_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bunker_rudolfplatz-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The station Christophstraße/Mediapark was the location of the worst accident in the recent history of the Stadtbahn in 1999, when a CitySprinter prototype hit a standing train at 50 km/h (31 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-citysprinter_crash_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-citysprinter_crash-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ehrenfeld">Ehrenfeld</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Ehrenfeld"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Ehrenfeld.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of Ehrenfeld tunnel and extension" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/KVB_Ehrenfeld.svg/220px-KVB_Ehrenfeld.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/KVB_Ehrenfeld.svg/330px-KVB_Ehrenfeld.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/KVB_Ehrenfeld.svg/440px-KVB_Ehrenfeld.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="700" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The tunnel through Ehrenfeld was opened in two parts: the line from Hans-Böckler-Platz to Venloer Straße/Gürtel, where a connection to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Ehrenfeld_station" title="Köln-Ehrenfeld station">S-Bahnhof Ehrenfeld</a> was created, in 1989, and the tunnel to Wolffsohnstraße and surface tracks to Bocklemünd in 1992, where an on-platform transfer to buses can be made. </p><p>The Ehrenfeld tunnel has multiple differentiating factors from previously built tunnels: It is the first tunnel built with high-floor platforms, and the stations have their platforms in the middle between the tracks instead of on the side. Because of the experiences with the tunnel below Neusser Straße the station spacing was reduced to get a better service for the residents.<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-line_4_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Amsterdamer_Straße"><span id="Amsterdamer_Stra.C3.9Fe"></span>Amsterdamer Straße</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Amsterdamer Straße"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_AmsterdamerStr.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Amsterdamer Straße line" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/KVB_AmsterdamerStr.svg/124px-KVB_AmsterdamerStr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="124" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/KVB_AmsterdamerStr.svg/186px-KVB_AmsterdamerStr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/KVB_AmsterdamerStr.svg/248px-KVB_AmsterdamerStr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>In 1992 as well, the line from Reichensberger Platz to <a href="/wiki/Niehl,_Cologne" title="Niehl, Cologne">Niehl</a> Sebastianstraße was opened. The line had already been planned in the 1960s which meant that in the early 1970s in addition to a tunnel junction at Reichensbergerplatz, a 300 m (980 ft) long tunnel had been built below an intersection and another rail line. The rest of the line lies on the surface in the middle of Amsterdamer Straße and is mostly built with <a href="/wiki/Green_track" title="Green track">green track</a>. The platforms are in the middle of the tracks and feature comparatively extensive designs. The last 300 m (980 ft) before the terminus lie next to an elevated 6 lane road. An extension to Niehl Nord, connecting to line 12, would be possible, but is not planned at the time (2022).<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-line_16_12-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_16-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mülheim"><span id="M.C3.BClheim"></span>Mülheim</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Mülheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Muelheim.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Mülheim tunnel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/KVB_Muelheim.svg/191px-KVB_Muelheim.svg.png" decoding="async" width="191" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/KVB_Muelheim.svg/287px-KVB_Muelheim.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/KVB_Muelheim.svg/382px-KVB_Muelheim.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>The Mülheim tunnel was opened in June 1997, starts at the Mülheim Bridge, crosses the Wiener Platz with a station, provides a connection to <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-M%C3%BClheim_station" title="Köln-Mülheim station">Köln-Mülheim station</a> with direct elevators from the Stadtbahn platform to the mainline rail and ends on the surface in <a href="/wiki/Buchheim,_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Buchheim, Cologne">Buchheim</a>. It is the first tunnel in Cologne built using a <a href="/wiki/Tunnel_boring_machine" title="Tunnel boring machine">tunnel boring machine</a> (TBM) under buildings. Construction started in 1992, and 2 years later the TBM had completed the two tunnel sections with a total length of 2.5 km (1.6 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bensberg">Bensberg</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bensberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Line 1 was extended to <a href="/wiki/Bensberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bensberg">Bensberg</a> on its east end in 2000: Instead of ending at the previous terminus that was renamed from Bensberg to Im Hoppenkamp, it now enters a nearly 500 m (1,600 ft) long tunnel to the new terminus Bensberg in the center of the <a href="/wiki/Quarter_(urban_subdivision)" title="Quarter (urban subdivision)">quarter</a>. The tunnel was necessary, because the terrain's elevation increase is to steep for trains, and the final station lies 14 m (46 ft) below surface.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-bensberg_extension_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bensberg_extension-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Weiden">Weiden</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Weiden"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Weiden.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the Weiden extensions" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/KVB_Weiden.svg/220px-KVB_Weiden.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/KVB_Weiden.svg/330px-KVB_Weiden.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/KVB_Weiden.svg/440px-KVB_Weiden.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>On 16 July 2002 a part of west end of line 1 discontinued in 1956 was reopened. This produced an uncommon problem: Because the routing passed the past headquarters of <a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a>, shaking, which could've disrupted the broadcasts, had to be avoided using a complex damping system.<sup id="cite_ref-history_1985_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the <a href="/wiki/2006_FIFA_World_Cup" title="2006 FIFA World Cup">2006 FIFA World Cup</a> the line was extended again to the newly built S-Bahn station Weiden West. At its new terminus, the line meets perpendicularly with the <a href="/wiki/Cologne%E2%80%93Aachen_high-speed_railway" title="Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway">Cologne–Aachen high-speed railway</a> through which S-Bahn lines S 13 and S 19 create new connections especially in a western direction. This part was built to make the <a href="/wiki/RheinEnergieStadion" title="RheinEnergieStadion">RheinEnergieStadion</a> accessible by Stadtbahn from both sides.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2005_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the terminus station a <a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">Park and ride</a> facility was built with space for 430<sup id="cite_ref-p+r_weiden_expansion_1_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p+r_weiden_expansion_1-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> cars, but because other close park and rides are in a different pay zone making the ride to Cologne more expensive, it has seen high usage, and has been extended by 255 more spaces to a total of 685, with more expansions for a total of 1280 spaces planned. A bicycle tower with a capacity for 130 bicycles is also planned, and after it was supposed to be finished by 2022, planning is now expected to end around the start of 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-p+r_weiden_expansion_2_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p+r_weiden_expansion_2-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-p+r_weiden_bicycle_tower_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-p+r_weiden_bicycle_tower-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Butzweilerhof_extension">Butzweilerhof extension</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Butzweilerhof extension"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Butzweilerhof.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stations on the extension"><img alt="Stations on the extension" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/KVB_Butzweilerhof.svg/200px-KVB_Butzweilerhof.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/KVB_Butzweilerhof.svg/300px-KVB_Butzweilerhof.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/KVB_Butzweilerhof.svg/400px-KVB_Butzweilerhof.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="500" /></a><figcaption>Stations on the extension</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrs-Betriebe" class="mw-redirect" title="Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe">Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe</a> (KVB) opened a 1.85 km (1.15 mi) long extension from the former Ossendorf terminus into the Butzweilerhof/Gewerbegebiet Ossendorf area in December 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-expansion_butzweilerhof_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expansion_butzweilerhof-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three new stations (Alter Flughafen Butzweilerhof, IKEA am Butzweilerhof and the new terminus, Sparkasse <a href="/wiki/Am_Butzweilerhof_(KVB)" class="mw-redirect" title="Am Butzweilerhof (KVB)">Am Butzweilerhof</a>) were added to the existing Line 5. Construction of the extension cost about <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">€</a>18,000,000, with €5 million being financed through a charge on the companies which will benefit from the extension. The remaining €13 million was financed by the <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrsbetriebe" class="extiw" title="de:Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe">KVB Köln</a> (Cologne Transit Authority).<sup id="cite_ref-line_5_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The extension begins near the former Ossendorf terminus (which has been closed), crosses the tracks of the HGK, follows the southern edge of the Hugo-Eckener-Strasse with the 1st station (Alter Flughafen Butzweilerhof) being sited at the corner of Hugo-Eckener-Strasse and Köhlstrasse. It then follows a new street which continues east from Köhlstraße. The line passes the new IKEA am Butzweilerhof store (2nd station), crosses the new extension of Richard-Byrd-Straße, and ends at the intersection of Richard-Byrd-Straße and Von-Hünefeld-Straße.<sup id="cite_ref-line_5_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_5-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mengenich">Mengenich</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Mengenich"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Mengenich.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the expansion to mengenich" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/KVB_Mengenich.svg/210px-KVB_Mengenich.svg.png" decoding="async" width="210" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/KVB_Mengenich.svg/316px-KVB_Mengenich.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/KVB_Mengenich.svg/421px-KVB_Mengenich.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="625" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>For the newly built neighborhood <a href="/wiki/Bocklem%C3%BCnd/Mengenich" title="Bocklemünd/Mengenich">Bocklemünd/Mengenich</a> a connection to the tram network has been planned since the 1960s. This connection was supposed to cross the Militärringstraße on a bridge and the run through a green space to the Autobahn A1 where the line would've ended in a turning loop. This initial planning was first lowered in priority, and later made impossible by an expansion of the Militärringstraße. In 2002, line 3 was expanded to the new terminus Mengenich Ollenhauerring as the first part of a planned expansion to the center of Görling including a tunnel. The planned tunnel was not deemed financeable by NRW and so the city council decided in 2006 that a routing along the surface, that only passed along the edge of the residential area, would be done. </p><p>Several variants of the now high priority project along Militärringsstraße to Tollerstraße, Schumacherring or Buschweg were prepared and presented to residents for discussion in 2008. On 6 February 2018 the construction of the new terminus station at Schumacherring began, with it being opened on August 27 of the same year.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2005_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-expansion_mengenich_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expansion_mengenich-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-expansion_görlinger_zentrum_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-expansion_görlinger_zentrum-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brühl_double-track"><span id="Br.C3.BChl_double-track"></span>Brühl double-track</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Brühl double-track"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2015 the city council approved the expansion to double-track the part of line 18 between Brühl-Mitte and Brühl-Badorf.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By December 2018, the new tracks had been built, but because a new railway control center and required inspections had delays, the new track could be opened in April 2019. Additional construction such as the upgrade of platforms along the track was finished by mid 2020.<sup id="cite_ref-double_track_brühl_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-double_track_brühl-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Current_and_future_expansion">Current and future expansion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Current and future expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North-South_Stadtbahn">North-South Stadtbahn</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: North-South Stadtbahn"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The North-South Stadtbahn (NSS) is made up of three stages: </p> <ol><li>Two parallel tunnels from Breslauer Platz to Marktstraße, connecting to the existing Innenstadttunnel</li> <li>A track from Bonner Wall to Schönhauser Straße connecting the route to the Rheinuferbahn</li> <li>4 more surface stations along Bonner Straße from Marktstraße to Arnoldshöhe</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Background">Background</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_NordSuedStadtbahn.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Map of the North-South line under construction" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/KVB_NordSuedStadtbahn.svg/200px-KVB_NordSuedStadtbahn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/KVB_NordSuedStadtbahn.svg/300px-KVB_NordSuedStadtbahn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/KVB_NordSuedStadtbahn.svg/400px-KVB_NordSuedStadtbahn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>All 3 stages of the North-South rail</figcaption></figure><p>First considerations to connect the north and south of the city center were already undertaken in the 1970s, and actual planning was started by the city in 1983.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A direct connection of the north to the south is needed, because part of the Innenstadttunnel is operating at capacity with 30 trains per hour serving it.<sup id="cite_ref-rush_hour_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rush_hour-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because the old tunnel was built using a <a href="/wiki/Cut-and-cover" class="mw-redirect" title="Cut-and-cover">cut-and-cover</a> technique, it follows major roads distant from the old city center with its narrow alleys. The first stage aims at fixing these problems, by rerouting line 16 from the Innenstadttunnel to the newly built one and building new stations directly under the old city center. Additionally, travel time on line 16 will be decreased by eight minutes and it is one of the last steps in the separation of the high-floor and low-floor networks. The new 3 km (1.9 mi) long tunnel is the first newly built line since the opening of the original downtown tunnel in 1968, while every tunnel opened in between had been a replacement for previous surface lines. It will be used by lines 5, 16 and 17 once complete.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second stage is only to connect the line to the Rheinuferbahn, necessary for line 16's operation.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The third stage aims to provide a better service for the residents of the Südstadt, <a href="/wiki/Bayenthal" title="Bayenthal">Bayenthal</a>, Marienburg and Raderberg by extending line 5, decreasing the travel time from the end of <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_555" title="Bundesautobahn 555">A 555</a> to the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof">Hauptbahnhof</a> from 30 minutes to just 13.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tunnel_collapse_and_delays">Tunnel collapse and delays</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Tunnel collapse and delays"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 3 March 2009 the <a href="/wiki/Historisches_Archiv_der_Stadt_K%C3%B6ln" class="mw-redirect" title="Historisches Archiv der Stadt Köln">building of the city's archive</a> collapsed into the first stage's tunnel under construction on the Severinstraße between stations Severinstraße and Heumarkt, killing two people. Poor construction, the theft of necessary iron reinforcements and several ground water break-ins into the tunnel, which were not reported or controlled properly by the construction company, are among the alleged causes for this catastrophe.<sup id="cite_ref-ksta_protokoll_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksta_protokoll-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ksta_fugenblech_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ksta_fugenblech-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2012, line 5 was re-routed from its previous terminus Reichensbergerplatz to the already finished part of the NSS, now serving Rathaus (city hall) station.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A further expansion to Heumarkt opened in December 2013.<sup id="cite_ref-pr_nss_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pr_nss-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 4 stations south of the collapse, Bonner Wall to Severinstraße, and the 2nd stage of the project were opened on 13 December 2015, served by line 17.<sup id="cite_ref-nss_new_stations_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nss_new_stations-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-line_17_timetable_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_17_timetable-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next step of the expansion will be an above ground extension from the Marktstr. Station down Bonner Straße, through Bayenthal. Construction started in January 2022 and should be completed at the end of 2025.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Full operation of the North-South Rail Tunnel will not be achieved until 2029 due to the issues of stabilizing the section of tunnel that collapsed in 2009.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Cost">Cost</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Cost"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The extra cost of approximately 4 million euro is planned to mitigate the negative perception of the NSS project due to the collapse as well as budget increases, late completion (originally planned for 2011) and disruption. To avoid the possible destruction of <a href="/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology">archaeological</a> artefacts underneath one of the oldest cities in Germany, the NSS was bored down to nearly 30 m (98 ft) below ground level. At the location of the future stations, however, archaeological digs were still required and are cited as one of the reasons for the already significant cost overruns. While initially estimated to cost around 600 million euro, the current price tag is calculated at around 960 million euro. Because the second stage, connecting the tunnel to the line along the Rhine river has not yet been tendered, but is expected to cost another 100 million, total cost is expected to be 1.1 billion euro.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="StadtBahn_South">StadtBahn South</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: StadtBahn South"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As a 4th stage of the North-South Stadtbahn an extension from Arnoldshöhe to Rondorf and Meschenich was proposed already in 1992. This project has since been renamed to StadtBahn South and is planned independently from the North-South Stadtbahn. The first stage of the project will only reach the northern edge of Meschenich, while a second stage will continue to its southern end. The project will also connect the development area Rondorf Nord-West, where 3300 new homes will be built in the next years, directly to the city center.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The biggest problem of the project is crossing the <i>Verteilerkreisel</i> at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Bundesautobahn_555" title="Bundesautobahn 555">Autobahn A 555</a> directly after the last station of stage 3, <i>Arnoldshöhe</i>. Here, several different solutions were evaluated: </p> <ul><li>A tunnel below the roundabout</li> <li>A bridge above it</li> <li>Two at grade crossings going around the roundabout<sup id="cite_ref-:0_54-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <p>Evaluation showed that all three solutions were possible, with cost-benefit ratios between 1.0 for the tunnel and 1.4 for the at-grade solution, which means that all solutions are possible to be funded partially by the state and federal government. Residents preferred the at-grade solution, while the city pushed the bridge or tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March of 2023 the city council decided that the preferred solution would be the bridge, but that the at-grade solution would also be continued to be planned. This was due to the lower cost than the tunnel, the disadvantages of at-grade crossings, the about 700 m (770 yd) shorter route, the complete replacement of bus line 132 which currently takes 44 minutes to complete the journey into the city center, the smaller impact on the green spaces and adjacent neighborhood and because this route was intended in the planning of the development area Rondorf Nord-West removing the need to change its plans.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_57-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There are three stations planned in Rondorf, called <i>Rondorf Nord</i>, <i>Rondorf Mitte</i> and <i>Rondorf South</i>. The bridge above the roundabout will need to incorporate the red steel-stele that stands in the middle of the roundabout into its design. This stele is part of an artwork by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lutz_Fritsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lutz Fritsch (page does not exist)">Lutz Fritsch</a> called "<i>Standortmitte</i>" ("middle of the location") that consists of two identical steles at both ends of the A 555 connecting the cities of Cologne and Bonn. To protect a <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking water</a> protection zone the route passes through the adjacent street <i>Am Wasserwerkswäldchen</i> will be closed for through-traffic and a gas station located on the roundabout will also be closed.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_57-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In Meschenich <a href="/wiki/Park_and_ride" title="Park and ride">Park and Ride</a> facilities are planned on both ends of the town and the Stadtbahn is supposed to operate on the street where traffic will be reduced by a bypass that's already in construction.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The second stage of the project, continuing the line from the northern to the southern end of Meschenich, was also approved and planning was started.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_57-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="East-West_axis">East-West axis</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: East-West axis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>With line 1 being the 2nd most used line<sup id="cite_ref-line_1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and line 7 and 9 running on the same surface-level tracks in the city center, the rail section at <a href="/wiki/Neumarkt_station" title="Neumarkt station">Neumarkt</a> is operating at capacity,<sup id="cite_ref-rush_hour_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rush_hour-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while more capacity is needed especially on line 1. To address this growing issue, new 90 m (300 ft) long trains will be used, increasing capacity by 50%. This upgrade needs longer platforms however, for which line 1 has been divided into four parts that need different kinds of upgrades.<sup id="cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-east_west_rail_expansion-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West">West</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part between <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln-Weiden_West_station" title="Köln-Weiden West station">Weiden West</a> and Universitätsstraße runs completely on the surface in the middle of Aachener Straße. In this part, platforms and turning loops will have to be upgraded to fit the longer trains. Planning started in 2018, and between August 15 and 4 September 2022, feedback for the plans could be given online.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Construction is expected to start in the middle of 2027.<sup id="cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-east_west_rail_expansion-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="City_Center">City Center</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: City Center"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>This part lies between <a href="/wiki/Moltkestra%C3%9Fe_station" title="Moltkestraße station">Moltkestraße</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heumarkt_station" title="Heumarkt station">Heumarkt</a>. At stations Moltkestraße and <a href="/wiki/Rudolfplatz_station" title="Rudolfplatz station">Rudolfplatz</a> its two tracks run separate on one-way streets, and it then runs in the middle of the street until Heumarkt. Because of the demand in this part, both building a tunnel and a major surface-expansion are considered. The stations not rebuilt underground, whether because no tunnel is built or because it is to short to reach them, will be lengthened to accommodate the longer trains as well. Which option to use was to be decided until Q3 of 2023, but has been postponed, possibly until the start of 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Planning is anticipated to take until 2026, with construction starting in 2029 at the earliest. When construction will be finished is unclear, as it depends on the chosen option.<sup id="cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-east_west_rail_expansion-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Currently the parties of <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Union_of_Germany" title="Christian Democratic Union of Germany">CDU</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_Democratic_Party_of_Germany" title="Social Democratic Party of Germany">SPD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Free_Democratic_Party_(Germany)" title="Free Democratic Party (Germany)">FDP</a> are for a tunnel solution, while <a href="/wiki/Alliance_90/The_Greens" title="Alliance 90/The Greens">Bündnis 90/The Greens</a>, <a href="/wiki/The_Left_(Germany)" title="The Left (Germany)">The Left</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volt_Germany" title="Volt Germany">Volt</a> prefer a surface solution. The former group however does not have the majority in the city council as it is missing just a few people.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Tunnel-expansion">Tunnel-expansion</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: Tunnel-expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The different tunnel options, all starting at <a href="/wiki/Deutz_Suspension_Bridge" title="Deutz Suspension Bridge">Deutzer Brücke</a> (Deutz Bridge), run to: </p> <ol><li>Neumarkt on lines 1, 7 and 9 ("short tunnel")</li> <li>Rudolfplatz on lines 1, 7 and Dasselstraße/Bf Süd on line 9 ("middle long tunnel")</li> <li>Melaten on lines 1,7 and University on line 9 in separate tunnels ("long tunnel variant A")</li> <li>Melaten on lines 1,7 and University on line 9 with a shared tunnel until Moltkestraße and subsequent routing through the green belt ("long tunnel variant B")<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol> <p>In an open discussion with residents, Stadtbahn users and car users in mid-2018, options 1 and 4 were rejected by everyone, while car users are against a tunnel completely. Stadtbahn users favour no tunnel or option 3, and residents support option 2 more than 3. Originally only options 1 and 2 could have been financed by the state of NRW, while 3 and 4 would have required large expenses of the city,<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but changes in the funding requirements mean that funding of a tunnel to Melaten is now possible as well.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The tunnel plan presented to the city council in May 2023 is one of the long variants to Melaten. The exact plans are yet to be released to the public, but reports by news agencies state the following:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Heumarkt station will need only minor changes to make launching the planned tunnel-boring machines possible.</li> <li>At Neumarkt station, two new underground levels with two platforms each are planned, one for lines 1 and 7 and one for line 9 remove the at-grade crossing currently present at the surface station. During the construction work the Innenstadttunnel, which was not built to accommodate the new tunnel beneath it, needs to be closed, with the current underground station then functioning as a temporary dead-end station for lines 3, 4 and 18.</li> <li>Rudolfplatz station will be the lowest part of the whole tunnel at 35 m (115 ft) below the surface. This is because the Ringe-Tunnel had some provisions for this new tunnel, but those do not adhere to modern standards making them unusable. The large depth is because a safety distance to these needs to be kept, and because a fourth level, probably a mezzanine, will be built.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_62-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"><h5 id="Surface-expansion">Surface-expansion</h5><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Surface-expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The plans for the option of a surface expansion were made public in November 2022. The plans aim on using a lot of the space currently given to cars for larger platforms, bicylce lanes or sidewalks. Most of the route only has one motor vehicle lane per direction planned, and bicycles would be given wide paths along the whole route. By default, stations are built with side platforms.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>At Neumarkt, the westbound car lane would be completely removed, only leaving traffic heading to the east, while bicycles would still be able to pass the square in both directions. The plan aims for two island platforms each handling one direction of train traffic. The turning loop is completely removed in the plans. By choosing this option, the square will be integrated much better into the city center as there won't be any traffic separating the two.</li> <li>From Rudolfplatz to Moltkestraße, the trains will run on Aachener Straße in both directions, while the motor vehicle traffic will move completely to Richard-Wagner Straße.</li> <li>Moltkestraße station will most likely be built between Moltkestraße and Brüsseler Straße, but a different option right below the future S-Bahn station Aachener Straße is also being considered.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_65-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Tunnel">Tunnel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Tunnel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The part between <a href="/wiki/Deutzer_Freiheit_station" title="Deutzer Freiheit station">Deutzer Freiheit</a> and Fuldaer Straße is already a tunnel with sufficiently long platforms. In this part accessibility will be improved and fire protection will be upgraded for the increasing amount of passengers.<sup id="cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-east_west_rail_expansion-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="East">East</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: East"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The part between Höhenberg Frankfurter Straße and <a href="/wiki/Bensberg_station" title="Bensberg station">Bensberg</a> is overground and will be upgraded to feature longer stations, with the exception of Bensberg which is underground and already features long enough platforms, but will get improved fire protection like the other underground stations. Construction is expected to start in the middle of 2026.<sup id="cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-east_west_rail_expansion-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Extension_of_line_17_to_Bonn_and_line_7_to_Langel">Extension of line 17 to Bonn and line 7 to Langel</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Extension of line 17 to Bonn and line 7 to Langel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After the <i>Nord-Süd-Stadtbahn</i> is finished, line 17 will run alongside line 16 from <a href="/wiki/Reichenspergerplatz_station" title="Reichenspergerplatz station">Reichenspergerplatz</a> to Sürth with a 5 min headway. The line will be extended to Bonn Hbf east of the Rhine, with the planning split into four parts: </p> <ol><li>Building a new rail and pedestrian bridge across the Rhine, going from Godorf to Langel, and building the station <i>Langel Süd</i>, shared with line 7.</li> <li>New track and two stations in Lülsdorf</li> <li>Upgrading a mostly single-track non-electrified freight railway between Lülsdorf, <a href="/wiki/Niederkassel" title="Niederkassel">Niederkassel</a>, Rheidt and Mondorf, including 8 new stations.</li> <li>Building new track along a street between Mondorf/Bergheim and <a href="/wiki/Beuel" title="Beuel">Bonn-Beuel</a> with 4 stations, which connects to the tracks of lines 66 and 67, from where the terminus Bonn Hbf. is then reached.</li></ol> <p>Alongside this extension, line 7 will also be extended to a new terminus in <i>Langel Süd</i>, connecting to line 17. This is split in two parts: </p> <ol><li>Extension from the terminus Zündorf, then <i>Zündorf Nord</i> to <i>Zündorf Süd</i> with 2 new stations<i>.</i></li> <li>Extension from Zündorf to Langel, including 3 stations in Langel and the connection to line 17.</li></ol> <p>The project is planned to be completed in 2030, with the exception of the bridge across the Rhine, which has no estimated completion date as of now.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stepless_access_to_all_platforms_and_trains">Stepless access to all platforms and trains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: Stepless access to all platforms and trains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because parts of the network were built before accessibility was a concern, many older stations don't feature elevators/ramps to get from street level to the platform without steps. Also, because the network started as a tram, was then partially operated with high-floor Stadtbahn vehicles, and then split into a high-floor (HF) and low-floor (LF) network, some platforms still don't feature level boarding, requiring the users to climb a few steps to enter the train. Seven of these stations can't be upgraded, because they're served by both HF and LF vehicles, while others could, but just haven't been upgraded yet. The LF lines feature level boarding everywhere, as they're compatible with old tram platforms, but parts at both ends of the trains are not accessible. Also a few LF platforms can't be reached without climbing steps, a notable example being the highly used station Friesenplatz. Equipping the HF lines with matching platforms could only be started in 2003, as until then large parts of the network were served by HF and LF lines. First the city center tunnel was converted step-by-step, and in 2010 lines 3 and 4 became the first to be fully accessible. Since then the missing platforms are concentrated on the lines 13 and 16, with a few missing on the other HF lines. Out of the 352 stations, 32 are not accessible, 12 have limited accessibility and 308 are fully accessible.<sup id="cite_ref-routes_without_steps_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-routes_without_steps-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Line </th> <th style="background:#ed1c24; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>1</b> </th> <th style="background:#f49ac1; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>3</b> </th> <th style="background:#f172ac; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>4</b> </th> <th style="background:#9b95c9; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>5</b> </th> <th style="background:#f68c59; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>7</b> </th> <th style="background:#f58e84; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>9</b> </th> <th style="background:#8dc63f; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>12</b> </th> <th style="background:#a58470; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>13</b> </th> <th style="background:#4db848; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>15</b> </th> <th style="background:#00b6ad; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>16</b> </th> <th style="background:#6ecff6; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>17</b> </th> <th style="background:#00a1e4; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>18</b> </th> <th>Total </th></tr> <tr> <td>Stations </td> <td>37 </td> <td>31 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>33 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>50 </td> <td>352 </td></tr> <tr> <td>with HF platforms </td> <td>– </td> <td>31 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>9 </td> <td>– </td> <td>40 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>47 </td> <td>178 </td></tr> <tr> <td>with LF platforms </td> <td>37 </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>3 <sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>H 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>33 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>14 <sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>H 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>23 </td> <td>10 <sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>H 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>– </td> <td>3 <sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>H 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>174 </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-68"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Appellhofplatz/Zeughaus, Subbelrather Str./Gürtel, Nußbaumerstr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Berrenrather Str./Gürtel, Euskirchener Str., Zülpicher Str./Gürtel, Gleueler Str./Gürtel, Dürener Str./Gürtel, Wüllnerstr., Aachener Str./Gürtel, Melatengürtel, Weinsbergstr./Gürtel, Subbelrather Str./Gürtel, Nußbaumerstr., Escher Str., Geldernstr./Parkgürtel, Slabystr.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Reichenspergerplatz, Barbarossaplatz, Eifelstr., Ulrepforte, Chlodwigplatz, Ubierring, Urfeld, Widdig, Uedorf, Hersel</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Slabystr., Reichenspergerplatz, Barbarossaplatz</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Longer_trains_and_platforms">Longer trains and platforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Longer trains and platforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Because of the increasing demand throughout the system that can no longer be met by increasing frequency in some parts of the system,<sup id="cite_ref-rush_hour_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rush_hour-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-line_1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> lines 1, 4, 9, 13 and 18 will be operated by longer trains in the future. Line 1 and possibly line 9 will have their platforms lengthened to 90 m (300 ft) as part of the east–west rail project, and will then be operated by 90 m (300 ft) long trains.<sup id="cite_ref-low_floor_trains_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-low_floor_trains-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Lines 4, 13 and 18 will have in total 39 platforms upgraded to accommodate new 70 m (230 ft) long trains and add sufficient fire protection for the increasing number of passengers in underground stations.<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-customer_magazine_57_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-customer_magazine_57-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_plans">Other plans</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: Other plans"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All of these plans have been brought up by a political party, and some are in different planning stages currently. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Line </th> <th>Expansion </th></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#ed1c24; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>1</b> </td> <td>Extension from <a href="/wiki/Bensberg" class="mw-redirect" title="Bensberg">Bergisch Gladbach-Bensberg</a> from further east <a href="/wiki/Moitzfeld" class="mw-redirect" title="Moitzfeld">Bergisch Gladbach-Moitzfeld</a> to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gladbach-Herkenrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gladbach-Herkenrath (page does not exist)">Gladbach-Herkenrath</a> Kürten-Spitze.<sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f172ac; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>4</b> </td> <td>Connection of the district Widdersdorf from Mengenich. The city initially preferred a variant using line 1 due to lower costs and better service for residents,<sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but it was decided that line 4 should be used.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A later continuation to <a href="/wiki/Niederau%C3%9Fem" title="Niederaußem">Niederaußem</a> is also considered.<sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f172ac; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>4</b> </td> <td>An extension from Schlebusch station to a clinic inside <a href="/wiki/Schlebusch" title="Schlebusch">Schlebusch</a> or even to the city of <a href="/wiki/Odenthal" title="Odenthal">Odenthal</a> is in discussion, but the existing line would have to be double-tracked first.<sup id="cite_ref-line_4_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_4-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#9b95c9; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>5</b> </td> <td>Extension from Butzweilerhof to Longerich, where it could connect to the <a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Rhein-Ruhr" class="mw-redirect" title="S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr">S-Bahn Rhein-Ruhr</a> and / or line 15. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f68c59; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>7</b> </td> <td>Extension to the new development area <a href="/w/index.php?title=Grube_Carl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Grube Carl (page does not exist)">Grube Carl</a> in <a href="/wiki/Frechen" title="Frechen">Frechen</a> and possibly further to <a href="/w/index.php?title=Habbelrath&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Habbelrath (page does not exist)">Frechen-Habbelrath</a>. An extension to <a href="/wiki/Kerpen" title="Kerpen">Kerpen</a> is also already in discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#a58470; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>13</b> </td> <td>Extension from Sülzgürtel to the Rhine following the <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Cologne#Cologne_Belt" title="List of streets in Cologne">cologne belt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-line_13_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_13-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Currently, both a surface and underground track are considered.<sup id="cite_ref-line_14_proposal_80-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_14_proposal-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#a58470; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>13</b> </td> <td>Extension from Mülheim to Ostheim and later to the S-Bahnhof Frankfurter Straße<sup id="cite_ref-line_13_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_13-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or completing the ring including a new crossing of the Rhine.<sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#a58470; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>13</b> </td> <td>10 stations from Berrenrather Straße/Gürtel to Venloer Straße/Gürtel will be upgraded with high-floor platforms, and some will be lengthened.<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#a58470; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>13</b> </td> <td>Construction of two additional stations at Niehler Straße and Bolternstraße. Both will be elevated and equipped with side-platforms suitable for 70 m (230 ft) long trains.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#888; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>14</b> </td> <td>Construction of a new circumferential low-floor line that runs from the university on Universitätsstraße, Weißhausstraße and through Raderberg and Bayenthal before reaching the Rhine. The line could then be extended north to Ehrenfeld on Universitätsstraße/Innere Kanalstraße, and in the south it could run over a new bridge across the Rhine connecting with line 7.<sup id="cite_ref-line_14_proposal_80-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_14_proposal-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-line_14_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-line_14-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#8dc63f;color:inherit;background:linear-gradient(to top right,#8dc63f 49%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 49.5%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 50.5%,#4db848 51%);line-height:1.2;padding:0.1em 0.4em;"><div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fff">15</span></div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fff">12</span></div> </td> <td>Extension of the tunnel on the Neusser Straße from Mollwitzstraße to Wilhelm-Sollmann-Straße, as originally planned when the tunnel was built. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#f49ac1;color:inherit;background:linear-gradient(to top right,#f49ac1 49%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 49.5%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 50.5%,#00a1e4 51%);line-height:1.2;padding:0.1em 0.4em;"><div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fff">18</span></div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fff">3</span></div> </td> <td>Extension from Thielenbruch to the city center of Bergisch Gladbach through the closed down Paper Fabric Zanders, which will restore a connection that had been present until 1958.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00a1e4; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>18</b> </td> <td>Building a short tunnel below <a href="/wiki/List_of_streets_in_Cologne#Militärringstraße" title="List of streets in Cologne">Militärringstraße</a> to enable trains to cross the intersection every 5 minutes which is needed for the extension to Hürth-Center.<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00a1e4; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>18</b> </td> <td>Extending the city center tunnel ending at <a href="/wiki/Barbarossaplatz_station" title="Barbarossaplatz station">Barbarossaplatz</a> to the green belt, while building a new station at <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_S%C3%BCd_station" title="Köln Süd station">Bf Süd</a>. Concstruction can only be started, when line 16 has moved into the new North-South-Tunnel.<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00a1e4; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>18</b> </td> <td>Double-tracking the whole line to enable 10 minute headways from Cologne to Bonn on this route. Funding was approved in May 2023 and planning work started afterwards.<sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#00a1e4;color:inherit;background:linear-gradient(to top right,#00a1e4 49%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 49.5%,var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1) 50.5%,#888 51%);line-height:1.2;padding:0.1em 0.4em;"><div style="margin-left:2em;text-align:right"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fff">19</span></div><div style="margin-right:2em;text-align:left"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494"><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#fff">18</span></div> </td> <td>Stichstrecke from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Herm%C3%BClheim&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hermülheim (page does not exist)">Hürth-Hermülheim</a> to <a href="/wiki/H%C3%BCrth" title="Hürth">Hürth-Center</a> as part of line 18's service, this new service will probably operate as line 19.<sup id="cite_ref-89" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="background:#888; color:#fff; text-align:center;"><b>?</b> </td> <td>Construction of a new railway line from Deutz to <a href="/wiki/Flittard" class="mw-redirect" title="Flittard">Flittard</a> and the headquarters and route over the planned district of Mülheim-Süd; A further connection to <a href="/wiki/Leverkusen" title="Leverkusen">Leverkusen</a> (- Wiesdorf) or even to (- Opladen) is discussed.<sup id="cite_ref-90" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rolling_stock">Rolling stock</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Rolling stock"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Cologne_Stadtbahn" title="Special:EditPage/Cologne Stadtbahn">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Cologne+Stadtbahn%22">"Cologne Stadtbahn"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Cologne+Stadtbahn%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Cologne+Stadtbahn%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Cologne+Stadtbahn%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Cologne+Stadtbahn%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Cologne+Stadtbahn%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Since the last traditional tramcars were retired in 2006, the Stadtbahn's active rolling stock consists exclusively of modern <a href="/wiki/Articulated_tram" class="mw-redirect" title="Articulated tram">articulated</a> <a href="/wiki/Light_rail_vehicle" class="mw-redirect" title="Light rail vehicle">light rail vehicles</a>. All of them are about 30 m (98 ft 5 in) long, 2.65 m (8 ft 8 in) wide, seat approximately 70 passengers and are approved for speeds of up to 80 km/h (50 mph). With rare exceptions, all services are operated by two units coupled together. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB2252_Schoenhauser_Str.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Third-generation Type B LRV in new livery on line 16"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KVB2252_Schoenhauser_Str.jpg/150px-KVB2252_Schoenhauser_Str.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KVB2252_Schoenhauser_Str.jpg/225px-KVB2252_Schoenhauser_Str.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/KVB2252_Schoenhauser_Str.jpg/300px-KVB2252_Schoenhauser_Str.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Third-generation Type B LRV in new livery on line 16</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:K4000_Koeln_Zollstock.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A K4000 low-floor tram in old livery on line 12"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/K4000_Koeln_Zollstock.jpg/150px-K4000_Koeln_Zollstock.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/K4000_Koeln_Zollstock.jpg/225px-K4000_Koeln_Zollstock.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/K4000_Koeln_Zollstock.jpg/300px-K4000_Koeln_Zollstock.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A K4000 low-floor tram in old livery on line 12</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:K4500_VB_Presentation.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A newer K4500 tram at its presentation on 18 April 2005"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/K4500_VB_Presentation.jpg/150px-K4500_VB_Presentation.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/K4500_VB_Presentation.jpg/225px-K4500_VB_Presentation.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/K4500_VB_Presentation.jpg/300px-K4500_VB_Presentation.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A newer K4500 tram at its presentation on 18 April 2005</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB5102_AeussereKanalstrasse.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Two K5000 high-floor trams on lines 3 (left) and 4 (right)"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KVB5102_AeussereKanalstrasse.jpg/150px-KVB5102_AeussereKanalstrasse.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KVB5102_AeussereKanalstrasse.jpg/225px-KVB5102_AeussereKanalstrasse.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/KVB5102_AeussereKanalstrasse.jpg/300px-KVB5102_AeussereKanalstrasse.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Two K5000 high-floor trams on lines 3 (left) and 4 (right)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Kvb_koeln_2422.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Refurbished train 2422 at Gleueler Str./Gürtel"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kvb_koeln_2422.jpg/150px-Kvb_koeln_2422.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kvb_koeln_2422.jpg/225px-Kvb_koeln_2422.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Kvb_koeln_2422.jpg/300px-Kvb_koeln_2422.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2066" data-file-height="2066" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Refurbished train 2422 at Gleueler Str./Gürtel</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadtbahn_HF6_Koeln.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A HF6 train at station Venloer Straße/Gürtel on line 13"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stadtbahn_HF6_Koeln.jpg/150px-Stadtbahn_HF6_Koeln.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stadtbahn_HF6_Koeln.jpg/225px-Stadtbahn_HF6_Koeln.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Stadtbahn_HF6_Koeln.jpg/300px-Stadtbahn_HF6_Koeln.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3399" data-file-height="2549" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A HF6 train at station Venloer Straße/Gürtel on line 13</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mock-Up_Baueihe_NF12-NF6_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrsbetriebe.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A mockup of the NF12 and NF6 trains that will start operating in a few years"><img alt="A mockup of the NF12 and NF6 trains that will start operating in a few years" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mock-Up_Baueihe_NF12-NF6_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrsbetriebe.jpg/84px-Mock-Up_Baueihe_NF12-NF6_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrsbetriebe.jpg" decoding="async" width="84" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mock-Up_Baueihe_NF12-NF6_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrsbetriebe.jpg/126px-Mock-Up_Baueihe_NF12-NF6_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrsbetriebe.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Mock-Up_Baueihe_NF12-NF6_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrsbetriebe.jpg/169px-Mock-Up_Baueihe_NF12-NF6_f%C3%BCr_K%C3%B6lner_Verkehrsbetriebe.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A mockup of the NF12 and NF6 trains that will start operating in a few years</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stadtbahnwagen_B">Stadtbahnwagen B</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: Stadtbahnwagen B"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1973, Cologne received two prototypes of the <a href="/wiki/Duewag" title="Duewag">Duewag</a> <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahnwagen_B" title="Stadtbahnwagen B">Stadtbahnwagen B</a> LRV. Since then, 172 units in four batches were delivered to Cologne until 1996. The first series (2000) was retired until 2023. Four units (2031, 2032, 2035 and 2049) are still kept by the KVB for training purposes, the other units were either scrapped, sold to <a href="/wiki/Istanbul_Tram" title="Istanbul Tram">Istanbul Tram</a>, or in the case of unit 2012, donated to the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stra%C3%9Fenbahn-Museum_Thielenbruch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Straßenbahn-Museum Thielenbruch (page does not exist)">Straßenbahn-Museum Thielenbruch</a>. </p><p>On 8 October 2022, a series 2300 Stadtbahnwagen Typ B caught on fire in the underground station <a href="/wiki/Ebertplatz_station" title="Ebertplatz station">Ebertplatz</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cause was determined to be a technical failure by a component beneath the steps,<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later narrowed down to an overheated power converter responsible for the breaks.<sup id="cite_ref-operation_stop_series_2300_93-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-operation_stop_series_2300-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The KVB then temporarily stopped operating the 33 (one source says 32<sup id="cite_ref-operation_stop_series_2300_93-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-operation_stop_series_2300-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) trains of the series on 27 October 2022, and started operating lines 3, 5 and 13 with single, 30 m (98 ft) long, trains, which lead to overcrowding.<sup id="cite_ref-94" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The manufacturer of the component, <a href="/wiki/ABB" title="ABB">ABB</a>, supplied a software update to KVB, which was approved by the technical authority on 10 November, and the operation of the trains resumed on 11 November 2022, the start of <a href="/wiki/Cologne_Carnival" title="Cologne Carnival">carnival</a> season in Cologne.<sup id="cite_ref-95" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low-floor_LRVs_(K4000_and_K4500)"><span id="Low-floor_LRVs_.28K4000_and_K4500.29"></span>Low-floor LRVs (K4000 and K4500)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=47" title="Edit section: Low-floor LRVs (K4000 and K4500)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After tests with a low-floor tram from <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna</a>, a similar vehicle was developed for Cologne by <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Transportation" title="Bombardier Transportation">Bombardier Transportation</a>, later becoming part of Bombardier's standardized <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Flexity_Swift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Flexity Swift">Bombardier Flexity Swift</a> family. A total of 124 low-floor trams were delivered between 1995 and 1998, referred to as "K4000", with these vehicles receiving numbers starting with 4001. The <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_CR4000" title="Bombardier CR4000">Bombardier CR4000</a> trams operating on <a href="/wiki/Tramlink" title="Tramlink">Tramlink</a> in Croydon, England are largely based on the K4000 stock used in Cologne. </p><p>When it was decided to create a second low-floor network, an option for high-floor vehicles was changed to additional low-floor vehicles. Bombardier developed a new low-floor tram based more on the K5000 (see below) than on the K4000. These new trams were named K4500. Delivery of 69 units started in 2005 and was completed in late 2007. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="CitySprinter">CitySprinter</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=48" title="Edit section: CitySprinter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>By the time a new series of high-floor vehicles was needed, Duewag had been sold to <a href="/wiki/Siemens_Mobility" title="Siemens Mobility">Siemens Transportation Systems</a> and later dissolved, meaning that additional Type B cars were no longer being made. Siemens subsequently proposed the "<a href="/w/index.php?title=CitySprinter&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CitySprinter (page does not exist)">CitySprinter</a>", a high-floor derivative of its <a href="/wiki/Combino" class="mw-redirect" title="Combino">Combino</a> series of low-floor city trams. </p><p>In August 1999, after two months of testing, the first CitySprinter prototype crashed into another tram at 50 km/h (30 mph) at the <a href="/wiki/Christophstra%C3%9Fe/Mediapark_station" title="Christophstraße/Mediapark station">Christophstraße/MediaPark U-Bahn station</a>. The accident was caused by a simultaneous electronics shutdown resulting in the train's inability to apply its brakes. Eight people sustained serious injuries. A second prototype was produced but as a result of the crash was never delivered. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="High-floor_LRVs_(K5000_and_K5200)"><span id="High-floor_LRVs_.28K5000_and_K5200.29"></span>High-floor LRVs (K5000 and K5200)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=49" title="Edit section: High-floor LRVs (K5000 and K5200)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Following the failure of the CitySprinter, Bombardier derived a high-floor tram from the K4000. 59 units, named K5000, were delivered in 2002 and 2003. The numbering was changed to 5101 at short notice to avoid re-using the number 5001, which had been the number of the ill-fated CitySprinter. Another 15 vehicles of the same design, named K5200, were delivered before 2011. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_M5000" title="Bombardier M5000">Bombardier M5000</a> trams used on the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink" title="Manchester Metrolink">Manchester Metrolink</a>, England are almost identical to the K5000/K5200 series used in Cologne. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Refurbished_Stadtbahnwagen_B_series_2100_(now_2400)"><span id="Refurbished_Stadtbahnwagen_B_series_2100_.28now_2400.29"></span>Refurbished Stadtbahnwagen B series 2100 (now 2400)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=50" title="Edit section: Refurbished Stadtbahnwagen B series 2100 (now 2400)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Starting in 2011, the KVB and <a href="/wiki/Bonn_Stadtbahn" title="Bonn Stadtbahn">Bonn Stadtbahn</a> converted their old series 2100 Stadtbahnwagen B to new, modern trains now classified as series 2400. In this conversion the brake system, seats, air conditioning and the vehicle's body were completely upgraded, and the second cockpit was removed. The type got its <a href="/wiki/Eisenbahn-Bau-_und_Betriebsordnung" title="Eisenbahn-Bau- und Betriebsordnung">EBO</a> certification in 2016, and since then the trains can operate in the whole HF network for another 30 years. The last of the 28 vehicle was certified in April 2021. </p><p>According to the KVB, upgrading the old trains for 49 million <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">Euro</a> saved about 40.6 million € over buying new vehicles. Additionally, the engineers servicing the trains already know every part of the trains, knowledge that first has to be gathered with new trains. The project was the first of its kind, with a local rail operator renovating their trains. The project was only possible, because of the high quality materials used in the original 2100 trains.<sup id="cite_ref-96" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flexity_Swift_HF6">Flexity Swift HF6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=51" title="Edit section: Flexity Swift HF6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Together with the <a href="/wiki/Rheinbahn" title="Rheinbahn">Düsseldorf Rheinbahn</a>, the KVB ordered 79 trains of the type <a href="/wiki/Bombardier_Flexity_Swift" class="mw-redirect" title="Bombardier Flexity Swift">Bombardier Flexity Swift</a> in 2015, 59 of which were intended for Düsseldorf and 20 for Cologne. Since then, the KVB converted 7 options to orders. The first of the 27 trains arrived in December 2020, and after undergoing extensive testing they started normal passenger operation about one year later. The last trains are expected to arrive in Cologne in early 2023. The new trains are capable of achieving 80 km/h (50 mph), are 28 m (92 ft) long, about the same length as the other trains, and include 64 seats. They are designated as series 5300.<sup id="cite_ref-high_floor_trains_97-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-high_floor_trains-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Low-floor_NF12/NF6"><span id="Low-floor_NF12.2FNF6"></span>Low-floor NF12/NF6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=52" title="Edit section: Low-floor NF12/NF6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 2020, a contract for 62 new 60 m (200 ft) long NF12s and 2 half as long NF6s was given to <a href="/wiki/Alstom" title="Alstom">Alstom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Kiepe_Electric" title="Kiepe Electric">Kiepe Electric</a>, including options for up to 11 additional NF12s and 25 additional NF6s. Delivery and testing of 2 long and 2 short trains is planned to start in July 2024, with passenger service starting a year later. The new trains are supposed to completely replace the 124 existing K4000 LRVs.<sup id="cite_ref-low_floor_trains_72-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-low_floor_trains-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The trains feature many new things previously not seen in the system. Currently all trains are composed of two 30 m units, resulting in wasted space and a safety hazard where the trains are coupled together, while the new NF12's will fully use the whole length of the trains and feature a fifth set of doors in the middle. The trains will also be equipped with a collision warning system that can detect objects up to 80 m (260 ft) in front of the train, issuing a warning to the driver depending on the speed of the train. The trains will feature more efficient <a href="/wiki/Air_conditioning" title="Air conditioning">air conditioning</a> than previous ones, better passenger information screens and sensors that enable preventive maintenance.<sup id="cite_ref-low_floor_trains_72-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-low_floor_trains-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the first time in the system's history, in 2021 a design mockup was constructed at <a href="/wiki/Thielenbruch_station" title="Thielenbruch station">tram museum Thielenbruch</a> used to get feedback on <a href="/wiki/Accessibility" title="Accessibility">accessibility</a> and the layout of the driver's cab. In 2022, another mockup was put on public display at the museum, but was criticized, because the trains feature a 5 cm (2.0 in) "step" followed by a 6% steep ramp at the doors which is to steep to comfortably climb in a wheelchair. According to the KVB the situation on the actual trains will be better than on the mockup as the gap in between platform and train was larger than in normal operation. The internal layout of the trains can't be changed retroactively and the option of ordering new trains was discarded as well, as the trains do adhere to accessibility standards. Other measures to increase accessibility like a strap at the door, additional training for the train drivers or electric ramps are in discussion.<sup id="cite_ref-low_floor_trains_72-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-low_floor_trains-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Train_interiors">Train interiors</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=53" title="Edit section: Train interiors"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional center"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB2000erInnenraum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="B100S 2000"><img alt="B100S 2000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/KVB2000erInnenraum.jpg/150px-KVB2000erInnenraum.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/KVB2000erInnenraum.jpg/225px-KVB2000erInnenraum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/KVB2000erInnenraum.jpg/300px-KVB2000erInnenraum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">B100S 2000</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB2100erInnenraum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="B100S 2100"><img alt="B100S 2100" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/KVB2100erInnenraum.jpg/150px-KVB2100erInnenraum.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/KVB2100erInnenraum.jpg/225px-KVB2100erInnenraum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/KVB2100erInnenraum.jpg/300px-KVB2100erInnenraum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">B100S 2100</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB2254Innenraum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="B80D 2200"><img alt="B80D 2200" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/KVB2254Innenraum.jpg/150px-KVB2254Innenraum.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/KVB2254Innenraum.jpg/225px-KVB2254Innenraum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/KVB2254Innenraum.jpg/300px-KVB2254Innenraum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="750" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">B80D 2200</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB2300erInnenraum_rot.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="B80D 2300"><img alt="B80D 2300" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/KVB2300erInnenraum_rot.jpg/150px-KVB2300erInnenraum_rot.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/KVB2300erInnenraum_rot.jpg/225px-KVB2300erInnenraum_rot.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/KVB2300erInnenraum_rot.jpg/300px-KVB2300erInnenraum_rot.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">B80D 2300</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:4000er_Innenraum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="K4000"><img alt="K4000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/4000er_Innenraum.jpg/150px-4000er_Innenraum.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/4000er_Innenraum.jpg/225px-4000er_Innenraum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/4000er_Innenraum.jpg/300px-4000er_Innenraum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">K4000</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 185px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 180px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Innenraum_eines_K5000.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="K5000"><img alt="K5000" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Innenraum_eines_K5000.jpg/150px-Innenraum_eines_K5000.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Innenraum_eines_K5000.jpg/225px-Innenraum_eines_K5000.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Innenraum_eines_K5000.jpg/300px-Innenraum_eines_K5000.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">K5000</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Depots_and_workshops_("Betriebshöfe")"><span id="Depots_and_workshops_.28.22Betriebsh.C3.B6fe.22.29"></span>Depots and workshops ("<i>Betriebshöfe</i>")</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=54" title="Edit section: Depots and workshops ("Betriebshöfe")"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The KVB has 4 large depots and workshops, as well as a few smaller parking facilities. Historically there were 17 more depots and workshops, that have since been relocated or abandoned.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Current_depots,_workshops_and_parking_facilities"><span id="Current_depots.2C_workshops_and_parking_facilities"></span>Current depots, workshops and parking facilities</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=55" title="Edit section: Current depots, workshops and parking facilities"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Wesseling">Wesseling</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=56" title="Edit section: Wesseling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The depot and workshop in Wesseling was first constructed by the KBE in 1906. It's the smallest one, with space for just 50 trains and 30 employees, and mainly serves the trains for lines 16, 17 and 18. It's the only depot outside of Cologne, and sometimes the old Querbahn is used to connect it to line 18. It was transferred to the KVB, when the KBE closed in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Main_workshop_and_depot_in_Weidenpesch">Main workshop and depot in Weidenpesch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=57" title="Edit section: Main workshop and depot in Weidenpesch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The current main workshop ("<i>Hauptwerkstatt</i>", HW) of the KVB was opened in 1923, when the former HW moved from Rhieler Straße to Weidenpesch. Most heavy maintenance as well as the conversion of the series 2100 to series 2400 are done here.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021 a new modern depot opened next to the HW, with space for 64 trains and facilities to restock sand and wash the trains, and a water collection system for the washing, as well as solar panels on the roof. Along with the new depot building, new track to connect the HW and depot to Neusser Straße were constructed, reducing operating noise especially during the night.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_2">West</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=58" title="Edit section: West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The depot at Scheidweilerstr. exists since 1924 when the old depot, that stood where the Aachener Weiher now is, was destroyed. After World War 2, the depot was almost completely destroyed and for the time, depots Sülz and Ost were used. In 1961 to 1964 the depot as it now is was built. The depot is known as the heart of the KVB, because the control room is situated there, as well as customer service and management. In total, about 1200 employees work at the depot and the surrounding offices. The depot has space for 60 of the trains used on lines 1, 5, 7 and 13. In 2004 and 2005, the management building was renovated and 2 new buildings were built, and in 2021 the old tracks from the 1960s were replaced. The control room is one of the most modern ones in Europe since its renovation in 2014.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Merheim">Merheim</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=59" title="Edit section: Merheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The depot in Merheim, that opened in 1994, is the biggest and most modern, with space for 140 trains in an area of about 8,000 m<sup>2</sup> (9,600 sq yd), and 120 employees working there. After its opening the former depots East and Thielenbruch were closed. Nearly all trains, especially on lines 3 and 4, are stored and serviced here.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Stadium">Stadium</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=60" title="Edit section: Stadium"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The parking facility at the <a href="/wiki/RheinEnergieStadion" title="RheinEnergieStadion">RheinEnergieStadion</a> was built along with the sport facilities in 1923 with 8 tracks, and has since been modernized several times. It's mainly used to provide trains to visitors of sport events and some trains only used during peak hours.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Porz">Porz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=61" title="Edit section: Porz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Just behind Porz Markt station there are two tracks were the trains running to the university in the morning are parked. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Zündorf"><span id="Z.C3.BCndorf"></span>Zündorf</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=62" title="Edit section: Zündorf"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>At the south end of line 7 there's a single track for parking created in 2000. It's necessary because going there from Betriebshof West or Merheim is time-consuming and complicated, the parking facility in Porz is to small and former depots in Deutz and Porz were closed.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Deutz">Deutz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=63" title="Edit section: Deutz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The quad-tracked underground parking facility Deutz is just east of Bahnhof Deutz/Messe station, and was created together with the tunnel in 1983. The plans to rebuild Merheim and close Betriebshof Deutz were concrete enough already, that this parking facility was deemed necessary.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Merkenich">Merkenich</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=64" title="Edit section: Merkenich"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only in 2005 a parking facility was created at the terminus of line 12 in Merkenich for trains of lines 12 and 15, because of the long time required to get there from other depots. It was built double-tracked with space for six trains per track, and was extended in 2013 with a third track, but the first track is now used to turn the trains around, while only the 2nd and 3rd are used for parking. The trains of line 15 parking here depart as line 15 in the morning, but serve line 12's route until Wilhelm-Sollman Straße, where lines 12 and 15 join. These additional services on line 12's route are not explicitly mentioned on timetables.<sup id="cite_ref-current_depots_103-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Former_depots">Former depots</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=65" title="Edit section: Former depots"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Maximinenstraße"><span id="Maximinenstra.C3.9Fe"></span>Maximinenstraße</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=66" title="Edit section: Maximinenstraße"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In Maximinenstraße there were two depots: Starting 1877 it was the main depot, workshop and office of the first horsecar system, but an expansion of the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Hauptbahnhof" title="Köln Hauptbahnhof">Centralbahnhof</a> forced it to close in 1886. In 1888 another depot was built in Maximinenstraße, that was closed in 1902 because it was deemed to small in the electrification of the system.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Kalk">Kalk</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=67" title="Edit section: Kalk"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The depot in Kalk was also opened in 1877, housing the horses and wagons of the horsecar between Deutz and Kalk, which both didn't formally belong to Cologne at that point. When the much larger Ost-Bahnhof in Deutz was opened in 1902, the depot was closed.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nippes">Nippes</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=68" title="Edit section: Nippes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The depot in Nippes served the horsecar lines to Nippes and Sechzig, but had to be closed in 1903 because it was to small for the electrification.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="West_3">West</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=69" title="Edit section: West"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The former Betriebshof West was built in 1877 for services to Melaten and Lindenthal, and upgraded in 1902 for use with electric vehicles. The old depot was located at the junction of Dürener Straße/(Innere) Kanalstraße and was torn down when the Aachener Weiher was constructed in 1923. Only a year later the current Betriebshof West in Scheidtweiler Straße was opened, keeping the wooden halls from the old site which later burnt down due to bombing during World War 2.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ehrenfeld_2">Ehrenfeld</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=70" title="Edit section: Ehrenfeld"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The depot in Gutenbergstraße was also constructed in 1877 for the service to Ehrenfeld, and was one of the few that had enough space to be upgraded in the electrification in 1901. During World War 2 it was damaged so badly, that it was closed in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Süd_(South)"><span id="S.C3.BCd_.28South.29"></span><i>Süd</i> (South)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=71" title="Edit section: Süd (South)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The last depot opened in 1877 was located at Koblenzer Straße in Bayenthal, where it first housed horsecars and later electric trams. The depot was modernized regularly to keep up with new vehicle technologies, but starting in the 1950s the increasingly larger vehicles were parked and serviced in depots West and <i>Ost</i> more and more, until the depot sharply reduced train operation in 1967, serving only for some parking during the night. A few years later the depot was only used for buses until it closed entirely in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mülheim_2"><span id="M.C3.BClheim_2"></span>Mülheim</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=72" title="Edit section: Mülheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1889 a depot was built in Kranenstraße, but was to small for the electrification in 1902, and closed. The original building still exists today.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rodenkirchen">Rodenkirchen</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=73" title="Edit section: Rodenkirchen"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rodenkirchen saw the smallest depot of the KVB ever from 1883 to 1902. The just 600 m<sup>2</sup> (720 sq yd) big area had space for just four wagons and nine horses, as well as beds for the personnel, but it was probably only used by one horsecar at a time.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Weißbüttengasse"><span id="Wei.C3.9Fb.C3.BCttengasse"></span>Weißbüttengasse</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=74" title="Edit section: Weißbüttengasse"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Located in Altstadt-Süd, the depot was opened in 1885. The building had a two-story hall, with offices on the second floor for the management, which moved there after Maximinenstraße was closed. Due to space constraints, only trains of line 18 were parked there when the depot closed in 1933. The offices were still used until 1943 when the building was destroyed in World War 2.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Nord_(North)"><span id="Nord_.28North.29"></span><i>Nord</i> (North)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=75" title="Edit section: Nord (North)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1888 the depot at Rhieler Straße, opposite to the zoo, was opened, and in 1901 it was electrified and got an access from the Rhine's shore, but it housed the last horsecars until 1907. The workshop was closed in 1923 and moved to Merheim (now Weidenpesch). Starting 1950 only buses were parked here, and in 1956 the depot was closed.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Ost_(East)"><span id="Ost_.28East.29"></span><i>Ost</i> (East)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=76" title="Edit section: Ost (East)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The depot was opened in 1902 for electric trams at Deutz-Kalker Straße in Deutz, and until its closure in 1994, when the depot in Merheim made it obsolete, the depot was modernized countless times. Today the space is used by the <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Haie" title="Kölner Haie">Kölner Haie</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Merheim_left-rhenish_(Weidenpesch)"><span id="Merheim_left-rhenish_.28Weidenpesch.29"></span>Merheim left-rhenish (Weidenpesch)</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=77" title="Edit section: Merheim left-rhenish (Weidenpesch)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The old depot in Weidenpesch, which was called Merheim until 1952, was opened in 1902 in Jesuitengasse, and closed in 1969.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thielenbruch">Thielenbruch</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=78" title="Edit section: Thielenbruch"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Thielenbruch_station" title="Thielenbruch station">Thielenbruch station</a></div> <p>The depot in Thielenbruch was opened in 1902 to serve the <i>Vorortbahn</i> C, later G, to Bergisch Gladbach. In 1926 the depot was expanded with a second hall, and is under preservation since 1985. It was one of few depots that weren't damaged badly during World War 2, and was closed in 1994 because the new depot Merheim opened and expansion was difficult due to the preservation. The history of the depot doesn't end here though, as one hall was converted to the terminus of (now) lines 3 and 18, and in 1997 a museum opened in the other hall where the historical horsecars, trams and trains of the system are shown.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Porz_2">Porz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=79" title="Edit section: Porz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The depot in Porz was opened in 1909 where now Porz Markt station is located, but the area was limited by Goethestraße in the east and rail tracks in the West. In 1973 train operations were stopped, and in 1975 it was closed.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Bensberg_2">Bensberg</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=80" title="Edit section: Bensberg"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1913 a depot was opened at the former terminus Bensberg, that's now called Im Hoppenkamp. Starting 1945 no trains spent their time here, and in 1961 the hall that once had 4 tracks of which one had remained, was destroyed and replaced by 3 outdoor tracks. This new parking space was not needed technically, but it was built anyways to attract potential new personnel from Bergisch Gladbach by providing a close by depot. It was closed in 1967. In this place the tunnel to the current terminus Bensberg was started in 1996.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mülheim_3"><span id="M.C3.BClheim_3"></span>Mülheim</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=81" title="Edit section: Mülheim"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The second depot in Mülheim was opened in 1913 by the Mülheimer Kleinbahnen, because Mülheim only became part of Cologne the next year. After the city took over the Mülheimer Kleinbahnen in 1933, the depot was mainly used for the <i>Vorortbahn</i> O. Between 1936 and 1941 the depot was closed and used as storage, and after that it was reopened to be a reserve in case Betriebshof Ost would become inoperable by bombing. In 1958 the depot became unnecessary and was closed.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Sülz"><span id="S.C3.BClz"></span>Sülz</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=82" title="Edit section: Sülz"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1927 a depot was opened at Hermeskeiler Platz where now the terminus of line 9 is located, and for a short time it was the largest Betriebshof on European mainland. In World War 2 large parts of it were destroyed, and afterwards two previous tracks were used for <a href="/wiki/Trolleybus" title="Trolleybus">trolleybuses</a> that were tested in the 1950s. Because of its location in a residential area, there was no space for expansion and residents often complained about the noise. Due to these problems, the depot was closed in 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-former_depots_104-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Technology">Technology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=83" title="Edit section: Technology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most German Stadtbahn systems, <a href="/wiki/Standard-gauge_railway" title="Standard-gauge railway">standard-gauge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Overhead_line" title="Overhead line">overhead line</a> are used. The wires are supplied with 800 <a href="/wiki/Volt" title="Volt">V</a> <a href="/wiki/Direct_current" title="Direct current">DC</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-electrification_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-electrification-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the trains are made for 750 V DC.<sup id="cite_ref-control_room_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-control_room-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Due to the beginning of the system as a tram, the tracks feature small curve radiuses of down to 25 m (82 ft); other systems like the <a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Stadtbahn" title="Stuttgart Stadtbahn">Stuttgart Stadtbahn</a> use radiuses of at least 50 m (160 ft). The trains use the maximum legal width of vehicles on streets of 2.65 m (8.7 ft). In most trains there are groups of 4 seats, but the newer K4500 and K5000 use some row-seating. The platform height is 35 cm (14 in) (low-floor network) and 90 cm (35 in) (high-floor network) above the rails. All platforms are built for a 54 m (177 ft) long <a href="/wiki/Multiple_unit" title="Multiple unit">double-units</a>, with the smallest platforms being 50 m (160 ft) long requiring an exact stop. The longest platforms are on the underground station Fuldaer Straße, which is 110 m (360 ft) long. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Signalling_and_train_protection">Signalling and train protection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=84" title="Edit section: Signalling and train protection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KVB_Sig607_Boltensternstrasse.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/KVB_Sig607_Boltensternstrasse.JPG/160px-KVB_Sig607_Boltensternstrasse.JPG" decoding="async" width="160" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/KVB_Sig607_Boltensternstrasse.JPG/240px-KVB_Sig607_Boltensternstrasse.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/KVB_Sig607_Boltensternstrasse.JPG/320px-KVB_Sig607_Boltensternstrasse.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A signal showing yellow and the <a href="/wiki/Train_stop" title="Train stop">train stop</a> below</figcaption></figure> <p>On most surface tracks, line-of-sight operation is used. The surface signals can indicate one of three things, though not all signals have all indications installed. </p> <ul><li>Horizontal bar: Stop</li> <li>Vertical bar: Proceed straight ahead</li> <li>Diagonal bar: Proceed to the right/left</li></ul> <p>In the tunnels, on the elevated track and on some surface right-of-ways, signalling and <a href="/wiki/Train_protection_system" title="Train protection system">train protection</a> are used. On KVB tracks the maximum speed is 70 km/h (43 mph) even with these installed, while on HGK tracks up to 100 km/h (62 mph) are allowed, but never achieved because the trains only allow up to 80 km/h (50 mph). The signals have three indications: </p> <ul><li>Green: Proceed</li> <li>Yellow: Expect stop at next signal</li> <li>Red: Stop</li></ul> <p>In the city center tunnel, sometimes the yellow signal is used together with speed signal "2", allowing entering a partially blocked segment with up to 20 km/h (12 mph) to allow smaller distances between trains. </p><p>On all lines there is a kind of <a href="/wiki/Punktf%C3%B6rmige_Zugbeeinflussung" title="Punktförmige Zugbeeinflussung">PZB</a> in use, where the inductors are located between the tracks instead of next to them like standard PZB. On the HGK lines, additional PZB equipment for freight trains is installed.<sup id="cite_ref-control_room_106-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-control_room-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Passenger_information">Passenger information</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=85" title="Edit section: Passenger information"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gro%C3%9Ffl%C3%A4chenanzeiger_Breslauer_Platz,_Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln-4140.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gro%C3%9Ffl%C3%A4chenanzeiger_Breslauer_Platz%2C_Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln-4140.jpg/220px-Gro%C3%9Ffl%C3%A4chenanzeiger_Breslauer_Platz%2C_Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln-4140.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gro%C3%9Ffl%C3%A4chenanzeiger_Breslauer_Platz%2C_Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln-4140.jpg/330px-Gro%C3%9Ffl%C3%A4chenanzeiger_Breslauer_Platz%2C_Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln-4140.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Gro%C3%9Ffl%C3%A4chenanzeiger_Breslauer_Platz%2C_Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln-4140.jpg/440px-Gro%C3%9Ffl%C3%A4chenanzeiger_Breslauer_Platz%2C_Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln-4140.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4389" data-file-height="3292" /></a><figcaption>Large display at <a href="/wiki/Breslauer_Platz/Hbf_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Breslauer Platz/Hbf station">Breslauer Platz/Hbf station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>All Stadtbahn trains have speakers to play announcements, and in the 1970s the trams were retrofitted with these as well. Since the 1990s all trains are fitted with at least two displays showing the next station, or while in a station, the terminus. Because the recorded announcements became increasingly pieced together with every timetable change, they were all newly recorded in 2003. In 2010, after a previous test on line 13, the announcements on the east–west lines (1, 7, 9) got a larger amount of information with all possible connections (Stadtbahn, bus, regional- and intercity trains) being announced. Also for the first time in Cologne's history, the announcements on some important stations like <a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ln_Messe/Deutz_station" title="Köln Messe/Deutz station">Bahnhof Messe/Deutz</a> were also done in English, but only giving important info for tourists, but these are no longer in use. Since 1 December 2012 all announcements include the connections, and are <a href="/wiki/Speech_synthesis" title="Speech synthesis">computer generated</a>. Because of the amount of side-platforms, the exit side is only announced when it is on the left side.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Beginning with the stations of the city center tunnel, the other stations following step-by-step, they were first equipped with digital platform displays capable of showing the next 2 trains and a line of other information. In the 2000s these were replaced by new, bigger displays capable of 3 trains and one line of information, with some playing back an audible announcement at the station when a train enters the station. Interchange stations have larger displays, that show departures of all lines on all platforms. Since February 2021, these are getting replaced again with even larger displays capable of showing more trains, and will be capable of showing videos once a system update planned for mid 2022 is installed, for example to suggest passengers alternative routes when a train is cancelled. In a further step the displays inside the trains will be replaced by similar displays as well.<sup id="cite_ref-history_2005_14-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-history_2005-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=86" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Transportation in Cologne">Transportation in Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Cologne_KVB_stations" title="List of Cologne KVB stations">List of Cologne KVB stations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rapid_transit_systems" class="mw-redirect" title="List of rapid transit systems">List of rapid transit systems</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=87" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inline_citations">Inline citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=88" title="Edit section: Inline citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style 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.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/die_kvb/zahlen_daten_fakten/index.html">"Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG"</a>. kvb.koeln. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618102453/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/die_kvb/zahlen_daten_fakten/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs-Betriebe+AG&rft.pub=kvb.koeln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fdie_kvb%2Fzahlen_daten_fakten%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history_1877-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1877_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1877_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/geschichte/1876.html">"KVB-Geschichte von 1877 bis 1949"</a> (in German). kvb.koeln. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507081801/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/geschichte/1876.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KVB-Geschichte+von+1877+bis+1949&rft.pub=kvb.koeln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fgeschichte%2F1876.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history_1950-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1950_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1950_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1950_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1950_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1950_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1950_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1950_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1950_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/geschichte/1950.html">"KVB-Geschichte von 1950 bis 1984"</a> [KVB-History from 1950 to 1984]. <i>kvb.koeln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210507081843/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/geschichte/1950.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 May 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kvb.koeln&rft.atitle=KVB-Geschichte+von+1950+bis+1984&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fgeschichte%2F1950.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-electrification-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-electrification_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-electrification_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFZeidler-Goll2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Zeidler-Goll, Susanne (23 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/wie-kommt-der-strom-in-die-bahn">"Wie kommt der Strom in die Bahn?"</a> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118143455/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/wie-kommt-der-strom-in-die-bahn">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wie+kommt+der+Strom+in+die+Bahn%3F&rft.date=2016-02-23&rft.aulast=Zeidler-Goll&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fwie-kommt-der-strom-in-die-bahn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-VRS_members-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-VRS_members_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vrs.de/der-vrs/verkehrsunternehmen/wir-fahren-sie">"Wir fahren Sie..."</a> [We transport you...]. <i>VRS</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200612111848/https://www.vrs.de/der-vrs/verkehrsunternehmen/wir-fahren-sie">Archived</a> from the original on 12 June 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VRS&rft.atitle=Wir+fahren+Sie...&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vrs.de%2Fder-vrs%2Fverkehrsunternehmen%2Fwir-fahren-sie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history_1985-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_1985_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/geschichte/1985.html">"KVB-Geschichte von 1984 bis 2004"</a> [KVB-History from 1984 to 2004]. <i>kvb.koeln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110213/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/geschichte/1985.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kvb.koeln&rft.atitle=KVB-Geschichte+von+1984+bis+2004&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fgeschichte%2F1985.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/die_kvb/zahlen_daten_fakten/index.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod/inc.download.php&downDokument=3936">"KVB Geschäftsbericht 2021"</a>. <i>Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG</i> (in German). June 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220809124034/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/die_kvb/zahlen_daten_fakten/index.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod/inc.download.php&downDokument=3936">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs-Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=KVB+Gesch%C3%A4ftsbericht+2021&rft.date=2022-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fdie_kvb%2Fzahlen_daten_fakten%2Findex.html%3FINCLUDEMODUL%3Ddokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php%26downDokument%3D3936&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USDT-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-USDT_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yJJKFV0uwHQC&pg=PA52"><i>Light Rail Transit: A State of the Art Review</i></a>. U.S. Department of Transportation, Urban Mass Transportation Administration, Office of Policy and Program Development. 1976. pp. <span class="nowrap">52–</span>56. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705142226/https://books.google.com/books?id=yJJKFV0uwHQC&pg=PA52">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 January</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Light+Rail+Transit%3A+A+State+of+the+Art+Review&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E52-%3C%2Fspan%3E56&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Transportation%2C+Urban+Mass+Transportation+Administration%2C+Office+of+Policy+and+Program+Development&rft.date=1976&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyJJKFV0uwHQC%26pg%3DPA52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-reconstruction_ww2-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-reconstruction_ww2_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://koeln-magazin.info/geschichte/wiederaufbau-und-neugestaltung-in-koeln-nach-dem-2-weltkrieg">"Wiederaufbau und Neugestaltung"</a> [Reconstruction and redesign]. <i>Köln Magazin</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220122192400/https://koeln-magazin.info/geschichte/wiederaufbau-und-neugestaltung-in-koeln-nach-dem-2-weltkrieg">Archived</a> from the original on 22 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6ln+Magazin&rft.atitle=Wiederaufbau+und+Neugestaltung&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkoeln-magazin.info%2Fgeschichte%2Fwiederaufbau-und-neugestaltung-in-koeln-nach-dem-2-weltkrieg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50_years_underground-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-50_years_underground_10-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/presse/publikationen/broschueren.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod/inc.download.php&downDokument=770">"Broschüre 50 Jahre U-Bahn"</a> [Brochure 50 years U-Bahn]. <i>kvb.koeln</i> (in German). 11 October 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220706145650/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/presse/publikationen/broschueren.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=770">Archived</a> from the original on 6 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kvb.koeln&rft.atitle=Brosch%C3%BCre+50+Jahre+U-Bahn&rft.date=2018-10-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fpresse%2Fpublikationen%2Fbroschueren.html%3FINCLUDEMODUL%3Ddokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php%26downDokument%3D770&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_18-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-line_18_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_18_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (26 January 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-18-vom-weisskohl-bauern-express-zur-stadtbahn-nr-1">"Linie 18: Vom Weißkohl-Bauern-Express zur Stadtbahn Nr. 1"</a> [Line 18: From cabbage-farmer-express to Stadtbahn #1]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918022705/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-18-vom-weisskohl-bauern-express-zur-stadtbahn-nr-1">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Linie+18%3A+Vom+Wei%C3%9Fkohl-Bauern-Express+zur+Stadtbahn+Nr.+1&rft.date=2021-01-26&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Flinie-18-vom-weisskohl-bauern-express-zur-stadtbahn-nr-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_16-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-line_16_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_16_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_16_12-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_16_12-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnemüller2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anemüller, Stephan (21 November 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-16-eine-bahn-mit-geschichte">"Linie 16 – eine Bahn mit Geschichte"</a> [Line 16 – a line with history]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918004541/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-16-eine-bahn-mit-geschichte">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Linie+16+%E2%80%93+eine+Bahn+mit+Geschichte&rft.date=2017-11-21&rft.aulast=Anem%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Flinie-16-eine-bahn-mit-geschichte&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_7-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-line_7_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnemüller2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anemüller, Stephan (31 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-7-an-der-sonne-und-ueber-die-grenzen-der-stadt">"Linie 7: An der Sonne und über die Grenzen der Stadt"</a> [Line 7: At the sun and beyond the city's limits]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118142810/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-7-an-der-sonne-und-ueber-die-grenzen-der-stadt">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Linie+7%3A+An+der+Sonne+und+%C3%BCber+die+Grenzen+der+Stadt&rft.date=2017-01-31&rft.aulast=Anem%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Flinie-7-an-der-sonne-und-ueber-die-grenzen-der-stadt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-history_2005-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history_2005_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2005_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2005_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-history_2005_14-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/geschichte/2000.html">"KVB-Geschichte von 2005 bis heute"</a> [KVB-History from 2005 to now]. <i>kvb.koeln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110216/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/geschichte/2000.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kvb.koeln&rft.atitle=KVB-Geschichte+von+2005+bis+heute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fgeschichte%2F2000.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-archaeology-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-archaeology_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmitz2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Schmitz, Alfried (11 December 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.planet-wissen.de/geschichte/archaeologie/methoden_der_archaeologie/pwiegrabungenunterderstadtdasprojektzeittunnelinkoeln100.html#Bauprojekt">"Archäologie: "ZeitTunnel" Köln"</a> [Archaeology: "TimeTunnel" Cologne]. <i>planet-wissen.de</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210319052611/https://www.planet-wissen.de/geschichte/archaeologie/methoden_der_archaeologie/pwiegrabungenunterderstadtdasprojektzeittunnelinkoeln100.html#Bauprojekt">Archived</a> from the original on 19 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=planet-wissen.de&rft.atitle=Arch%C3%A4ologie%3A+%22ZeitTunnel%22+K%C3%B6ln&rft.date=2019-12-11&rft.aulast=Schmitz&rft.aufirst=Alfried&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.planet-wissen.de%2Fgeschichte%2Farchaeologie%2Fmethoden_der_archaeologie%2Fpwiegrabungenunterderstadtdasprojektzeittunnelinkoeln100.html%23Bauprojekt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-line_1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_1_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (12 June 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/von-ost-nach-west-von-west-nach-ost-die-linie-1">"Von Ost nach West von West nach Ost – die Linie 1"</a> [From east to west from west to east – line 1]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918004306/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/von-ost-nach-west-von-west-nach-ost-die-linie-1">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Von+Ost+nach+West+von+West+nach+Ost+%E2%80%93+die+Linie+1&rft.date=2018-06-12&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fvon-ost-nach-west-von-west-nach-ost-die-linie-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_9-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-line_9_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPesch2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pesch, Matthias (16 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/meine-linie-die-linie-9">"Meine Linie: die Linie 9"</a> [My line: line 9]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221209164916/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/meine-linie-die-linie-9">Archived</a> from the original on 9 December 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Meine+Linie%3A+die+Linie+9&rft.date=2016-08-16&rft.aulast=Pesch&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fmeine-linie-die-linie-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_13-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-line_13_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_13_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_13_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_13_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (7 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/ringlinie-hochbahn-und-tangente-eine-fahrt-mit-der-linie-13-vom-suelzguertel-bis-holweide">"Ringlinie, Hochbahn und Tangente: Eine Fahrt mit der Linie 13 vom Sülzgürtel bis Holweide"</a> [Ring-line, elevated railway and tangent: a ride with line 13 from Sülzgürtel to Holweide]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918022832/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/ringlinie-hochbahn-und-tangente-eine-fahrt-mit-der-linie-13-vom-suelzguertel-bis-holweide">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Ringlinie%2C+Hochbahn+und+Tangente%3A+Eine+Fahrt+mit+der+Linie+13+vom+S%C3%BClzg%C3%BCrtel+bis+Holweide&rft.date=2017-03-07&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fringlinie-hochbahn-und-tangente-eine-fahrt-mit-der-linie-13-vom-suelzguertel-bis-holweide&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_15-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-line_15_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnemüller2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anemüller, Stephan (20 January 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-15-seit-20-jahren-entlang-der-stadtmauer">"Linie 15: Seit 20 Jahren entlang der Stadtmauer"</a> [Line 15: 20 years along the city wall]. <i>Der Unternehmsblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230205001345/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-15-seit-20-jahren-entlang-der-stadtmauer">Archived</a> from the original on 5 February 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmsblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Linie+15%3A+Seit+20+Jahren+entlang+der+Stadtmauer&rft.date=2023-01-20&rft.aulast=Anem%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Flinie-15-seit-20-jahren-entlang-der-stadtmauer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-not_know_kvb-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-not_know_kvb_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-not_know_kvb_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPesch2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pesch, Matthias (5 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/was-sie-noch-nicht-ueber-die-kvb-wussten">"Was Sie noch nicht über die KVB wussten..."</a> [Things you didn't know about the KVB...]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230128164325/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/was-sie-noch-nicht-ueber-die-kvb-wussten">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Was+Sie+noch+nicht+%C3%BCber+die+KVB+wussten...&rft.date=2016-07-05&rft.aulast=Pesch&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fwas-sie-noch-nicht-ueber-die-kvb-wussten&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_numbering-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-line_numbering_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_numbering_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_numbering_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPesch2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pesch, Matthias (16 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/wo-ist-die-linie-11-geblieben">"Wo ist die Linie 11 geblieben?"</a> [Where did line 11 go?]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118143047/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/wo-ist-die-linie-11-geblieben">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Wo+ist+die+Linie+11+geblieben%3F&rft.date=2016-02-16&rft.aulast=Pesch&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fwo-ist-die-linie-11-geblieben&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rush_hour-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rush_hour_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rush_hour_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rush_hour_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rush_hour_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (17 January 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/rush-hour-in-der-innenstadt-mehr-bahnen-sind-aktuell-nicht-drin">"Rush Hour in der Innenstadt – Mehr Bahnen sind aktuell nicht drin"</a> [Rush hour in the city center – more trains are not possible at the moment]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118142805/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/rush-hour-in-der-innenstadt-mehr-bahnen-sind-aktuell-nicht-drin">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Rush+Hour+in+der+Innenstadt+%E2%80%93+Mehr+Bahnen+sind+aktuell+nicht+drin&rft.date=2017-01-17&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Frush-hour-in-der-innenstadt-mehr-bahnen-sind-aktuell-nicht-drin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-depots-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-depots_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (19 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/die-heimat-von-bussen-und-bahnen-die-betriebshoefe-der-kvb">"Die Heimat von Bussen und Bahnen – die Betriebshöfe der KVB"</a> [The home of trains and buses – the depots of the KVB]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419091642/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/die-heimat-von-bussen-und-bahnen-die-betriebshoefe-der-kvb">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Die+Heimat+von+Bussen+und+Bahnen+%E2%80%93+die+Betriebsh%C3%B6fe+der+KVB&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fdie-heimat-von-bussen-und-bahnen-die-betriebshoefe-der-kvb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bunker_kalk-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bunker_kalk_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrist2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Christ, Tobias (27 January 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/atombunker-in-koeln-kalk-ueberleben-im-kalker-untergrund-22642736">"Atombunker in Köln-Kalk: Überleben im Kalker Untergrund"</a> [Bunker in Cologne-Kalk: Surviving in Kalk's underground]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110207/https://www.ksta.de/html/dumont-consent/index.html?param=eyJyZWRpcmVjdFVybCI6Ii9rb2Vsbi9hdG9tYnVua2VyLWluLWtvZWxuLWthbGstdWViZXJsZWJlbi1pbS1rYWxrZXItdW50ZXJncnVuZC0yMjY0MjczNj9jYj0xNjU3MTkxNzI3MDA0JiIsInJlZmVycmVyIjoiIiwic3ViZG9tYWluIjoid3d3In0=">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Atombunker+in+K%C3%B6ln-Kalk%3A+%C3%9Cberleben+im+Kalker+Untergrund&rft.date=2013-01-27&rft.aulast=Christ&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fatombunker-in-koeln-kalk-ueberleben-im-kalker-untergrund-22642736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_4-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-line_4_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_4_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_4_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (14 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-4-direktverbindung-der-beiden-groessten-stadtteile-koelns">"Linie 4: Direktverbindung der beiden größten Stadtteile Kölns"</a> [Line 4: Direct connection of the two biggest neighborhoods Cologne's]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918003835/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/linie-4-direktverbindung-der-beiden-groessten-stadtteile-koelns">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Linie+4%3A+Direktverbindung+der+beiden+gr%C3%B6%C3%9Ften+Stadtteile+K%C3%B6lns&rft.date=2021-09-14&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Flinie-4-direktverbindung-der-beiden-groessten-stadtteile-koelns&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bunker_rudolfplatz-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bunker_rudolfplatz_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFChrist2019" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Christ, Tobias (26 September 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/bunker-unter-rudolfplatz-so-haetten-koelner-vor-einem-atomangriff-gerettet-werden-sollen-33220628">"Bunker unter Rudolfplatz: So hätten Kölner vor einem Atomangriff gerettet werden sollen"</a> [Bunker below Rudolfplatz: How Cologne's people would have been rescued from an atomic attack]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618074253/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/bunker-unter-rudolfplatz-so-haetten-koelner-vor-einem-atomangriff-gerettet-werden-sollen-33220628">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Bunker+unter+Rudolfplatz%3A+So+h%C3%A4tten+K%C3%B6lner+vor+einem+Atomangriff+gerettet+werden+sollen&rft.date=2019-09-26&rft.aulast=Christ&rft.aufirst=Tobias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fbunker-unter-rudolfplatz-so-haetten-koelner-vor-einem-atomangriff-gerettet-werden-sollen-33220628&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-citysprinter_crash-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-citysprinter_crash_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/rueckblick-koeln-1999-40-verletzte-bei-kvb-crashfahrt-12833164">"Rückblick Köln 1999: 40 Verletzte bei KVB-Crashfahrt"</a> [Retrospect Cologne 1999: 40 injured by KVB crash]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). 23 June 2009. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110208/https://www.ksta.de/html/dumont-consent/index.html?param=eyJyZWRpcmVjdFVybCI6Ii9ydWVja2JsaWNrLWtvZWxuLTE5OTktNDAtdmVybGV0enRlLWJlaS1rdmItY3Jhc2hmYWhydC0xMjgzMzE2ND9jYj0xNjU3MTkxNzI4ODUzJiIsInJlZmVycmVyIjoiIiwic3ViZG9tYWluIjoid3d3In0=">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=R%C3%BCckblick+K%C3%B6ln+1999%3A+40+Verletzte+bei+KVB-Crashfahrt&rft.date=2009-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Frueckblick-koeln-1999-40-verletzte-bei-kvb-crashfahrt-12833164&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bensberg_extension-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bensberg_extension_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.daub-ita.de/en/tunnel-projects/germany/light-rail-bensberg-central/">"Light Rail Bensberg Central"</a>. <i>Deutscher Ausschuss für Unterirdisches Bauen e.V</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110213/https://www.daub-ita.de/en/tunnel-projects/germany/light-rail-bensberg-central/">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deutscher+Ausschuss+f%C3%BCr+Unterirdisches+Bauen+e.V.&rft.atitle=Light+Rail+Bensberg+Central&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.daub-ita.de%2Fen%2Ftunnel-projects%2Fgermany%2Flight-rail-bensberg-central%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p+r_weiden_expansion_1-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p+r_weiden_expansion_1_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMachnik2013" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Machnik, Maria (9 December 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-erft/pulheim/infrastruktur-mehr-stellplaetze-in-weiden-west--2444738">"Infrastruktur: Mehr Stellplätze in Weiden-West?"</a> [Infrastructure: More parking space in Weiden-West?]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220618083026/https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-erft/pulheim/infrastruktur-mehr-stellplaetze-in-weiden-west--2444738">Archived</a> from the original on 18 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Infrastruktur%3A+Mehr+Stellpl%C3%A4tze+in+Weiden-West%3F&rft.date=2013-12-09&rft.aulast=Machnik&rft.aufirst=Maria&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fregion%2Frhein-erft%2Fpulheim%2Finfrastruktur-mehr-stellplaetze-in-weiden-west--2444738&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p+r_weiden_expansion_2-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p+r_weiden_expansion_2_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttenberger2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Attenberger, Tim (27 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/pendler-nutzen-park-and-ride-stadt-koeln-will-parkplatz-in-weiden-west-ausbauen-38426814">"Pendler nutzen Park-and-Ride: Stadt Köln will Parkplatz in Weiden-West ausbauen"</a> [Commuters use Park-and-ride: City of Cologne wants to expand parking space in Weiden-West]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110214/https://www.ksta.de/html/dumont-consent/index.html?param=eyJyZWRpcmVjdFVybCI6Ii9rb2Vsbi9wZW5kbGVyLW51dHplbi1wYXJrLWFuZC1yaWRlLXN0YWR0LWtvZWxuLXdpbGwtcGFya3BsYXR6LWluLXdlaWRlbi13ZXN0LWF1c2JhdWVuLTM4NDI2ODE0P2NiPTE2NTcxOTE3MzQzNDkmIiwicmVmZXJyZXIiOiIiLCJzdWJkb21haW4iOiJ3d3cifQ==">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Pendler+nutzen+Park-and-Ride%3A+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln+will+Parkplatz+in+Weiden-West+ausbauen&rft.date=2021-05-27&rft.aulast=Attenberger&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fpendler-nutzen-park-and-ride-stadt-koeln-will-parkplatz-in-weiden-west-ausbauen-38426814&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-p+r_weiden_bicycle_tower-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-p+r_weiden_bicycle_tower_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsch2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Esch, Susanne (9 September 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/lindenthal/fahrradparkhaus-fuer-koeln-weiden-ein-bike-tower-soll-das-chaos-ordnen-37458934">"Fahrradparkhaus für Köln-Weiden: Ein Bike Tower soll das Chaos ordnen"</a> [Bicycle parking for Cologne-Weiden: A bike tower is supposed to end the chaos]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110215/https://www.ksta.de/html/dumont-consent/index.html?param=eyJyZWRpcmVjdFVybCI6Ii9rb2Vsbi9saW5kZW50aGFsL2ZhaHJyYWRwYXJraGF1cy1mdWVyLWtvZWxuLXdlaWRlbi1laW4tYmlrZS10b3dlci1zb2xsLWRhcy1jaGFvcy1vcmRuZW4tMzc0NTg5MzQ/Y2I9MTY1NzE5MTczNTMyOSYiLCJyZWZlcnJlciI6IiIsInN1YmRvbWFpbiI6Ind3dyJ9">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Fahrradparkhaus+f%C3%BCr+K%C3%B6ln-Weiden%3A+Ein+Bike+Tower+soll+das+Chaos+ordnen&rft.date=2020-09-09&rft.aulast=Esch&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Flindenthal%2Ffahrradparkhaus-fuer-koeln-weiden-ein-bike-tower-soll-das-chaos-ordnen-37458934&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEsch2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Esch, Susanne (14 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/lindenthal/weiden/weiden-west-koelner-turm-soll-mehr-pendler-aufs-rad-locken-370929">"Weiden-West: Kölner Turm soll mehr Pendler aufs Rad locken"</a>. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221116220919/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/lindenthal/weiden/weiden-west-koelner-turm-soll-mehr-pendler-aufs-rad-locken-370929">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Weiden-West%3A+K%C3%B6lner+Turm+soll+mehr+Pendler+aufs+Rad+locken&rft.date=2022-11-14&rft.aulast=Esch&rft.aufirst=Susanne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Flindenthal%2Fweiden%2Fweiden-west-koelner-turm-soll-mehr-pendler-aufs-rad-locken-370929&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-expansion_butzweilerhof-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-expansion_butzweilerhof_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120722202025/http://www.kvb-koeln.de/german/nachrichten/view.html?action=shownews&id=1411">"Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG"</a>. Kvb-koeln.de. 24 November 2008. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kvb-koeln.de/german/nachrichten/view.html?action=shownews&id=1411">the original</a> on 22 July 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs-Betriebe+AG&rft.pub=Kvb-koeln.de&rft.date=2008-11-24&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fkvb-koeln.de%2Fgerman%2Fnachrichten%2Fview.html%3Faction%3Dshownews%26id%3D1411&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_5-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-line_5_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_5_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnemüller2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anemüller, Stephan (2 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/die-neue-linie-5-eine-oeffentlich-private-partnerschaft">"Die neue Linie 5 – ein öffentlich-private Partnerschaft"</a> [The new line 5 – a public-private partnership]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120052407/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/die-neue-linie-5-eine-oeffentlich-private-partnerschaft">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Die+neue+Linie+5+%E2%80%93+ein+%C3%B6ffentlich-private+Partnerschaft&rft.date=2017-05-02&rft.aulast=Anem%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fdie-neue-linie-5-eine-oeffentlich-private-partnerschaft&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-expansion_mengenich-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-expansion_mengenich_35-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-koeln.de/politik-und-verwaltung/presse/verlaengerung-der-stadtbahnlinie-3-1">"Verlängerung der Stadtbahnlinie 3"</a> [Extension of line 3]. <i>Stadt Köln</i>. 6 February 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707110217/https://www.stadt-koeln.de/politik-und-verwaltung/presse/verlaengerung-der-stadtbahnlinie-3-1">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Verl%C3%A4ngerung+der+Stadtbahnlinie+3&rft.date=2018-02-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-koeln.de%2Fpolitik-und-verwaltung%2Fpresse%2Fverlaengerung-der-stadtbahnlinie-3-1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-expansion_görlinger_zentrum-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-expansion_görlinger_zentrum_36-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180830005226/https://www.kvb.koeln/aktuelles/meldung.html?action=shownews&id=84">"Neue Endhaltestelle der Linie 3 "Görlinger-Zentrum" eröffnet"</a> [New terminus of line 3 "Görlinger-Center" opened]. <i>kvb.koeln</i>. 28 August 2018. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/aktuelles/meldung.html?action=shownews&id=84">the original</a> on 30 August 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kvb.koeln&rft.atitle=Neue+Endhaltestelle+der+Linie+3+%22G%C3%B6rlinger-Zentrum%22+er%C3%B6ffnet&rft.date=2018-08-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Faktuelles%2Fmeldung.html%3Faction%3Dshownews%26id%3D84&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150402092941/http://www.kvb-koeln.de/german/nachrichten/view.html?action=shownews&page=1&id=2448">"Zweigleisiger Ausbau der Linie 18 in Brühl"</a> [Adding double track for line 18 in Brühl]. <i>Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG</i>. 25 February 2015. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kvb-koeln.de/german/nachrichten/view.html?action=shownews&page=1&id=2448">the original</a> on 2 April 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs-Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=Zweigleisiger+Ausbau+der+Linie+18+in+Br%C3%BChl&rft.date=2015-02-25&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb-koeln.de%2Fgerman%2Fnachrichten%2Fview.html%3Faction%3Dshownews%26page%3D1%26id%3D2448&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-double_track_brühl-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-double_track_brühl_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bruehl.de/zweigleisiger-ausbau-linie-18--2-.aspx">"Zweigleisiger Ausbau Linie 18"</a> [Double track expansion of line 18]. <i>Stadt Brühl</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725154548/https://www.bruehl.de/zweigleisiger-ausbau-linie-18--2-.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+Br%C3%BChl&rft.atitle=Zweigleisiger+Ausbau+Linie+18&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bruehl.de%2Fzweigleisiger-ausbau-linie-18--2-.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/projekt/chronik/index.html">"Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln: Chronik"</a>. <i>Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707170543/https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/projekt/chronik/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln%3A+Chronik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de%2Fprojekt%2Fchronik%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/projekt/gruende/netz_zukunft.html">"Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln: Stadtbahn-Netzwerk in der Zukunft"</a> [North-South rail Cologne: rail network in the future]. <i>Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707170544/https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/projekt/gruende/netz_zukunft.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln%3A+Stadtbahn-Netzwerk+in+der+Zukunft&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de%2Fprojekt%2Fgruende%2Fnetz_zukunft.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/publikationen/index.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod/inc.download.php&downDokument=39">"Broschüre Zweite Baustufe"</a> [Brochure second building stage]. <i>Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725113507/https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/publikationen/index.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=39">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Brosch%C3%BCre+Zweite+Baustufe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de%2Fpublikationen%2Findex.html%3FINCLUDEMODUL%3Ddokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php%26downDokument%3D39&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/publikationen/index.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod/inc.download.php&downDokument=23">"3. Baustufe Nord-Süd-Stadtbahn"</a> [3rd building stage North-South rail]. <i>Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln</i> (in German). November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707170545/https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/publikationen/index.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=23">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=3.+Baustufe+Nord-S%C3%BCd-Stadtbahn&rft.date=2017-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de%2Fpublikationen%2Findex.html%3FINCLUDEMODUL%3Ddokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php%26downDokument%3D23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ksta_protokoll-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ksta_protokoll_43-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/u-bahn-das-protokoll-eines-versagens-13065724">"U-Bahn: Das Protokoll eines Versagens"</a> [U-Bahn: The protocol of a failure]. <i><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lner_Stadt-Anzeiger" title="Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger">Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</a></i> (in German). 23 February 2010. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160321171450/http://www.ksta.de/u-bahn-das-protokoll-eines-versagens-13065724">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=U-Bahn%3A+Das+Protokoll+eines+Versagens&rft.date=2010-02-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fu-bahn-das-protokoll-eines-versagens-13065724&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ksta_fugenblech-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ksta_fugenblech_44-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130206173332/http://www.ksta.de/html/artikel/1277385900119.shtml">"Archiveinsturz: Beschädigtes Fugenblech als Indiz"</a> [Archive collapse: Damaged "Fugenblech" as evidence] (in German). Ksta.de. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksta.de/html/artikel/1277385900119.shtml">the original</a> on 6 February 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archiveinsturz%3A+Besch%C3%A4digtes+Fugenblech+als+Indiz&rft.pub=Ksta.de&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fhtml%2Fartikel%2F1277385900119.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/pressemitteilungen/view.html?action=shownews&page=14&id=845">"Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln: Ab 9. Dezember 2012 unterirdisch mit der Stadtbahn bis zum Rathaus"</a> [North-South rail Cologne: Starting 9th of December 2012 in the underground to the city hall]. <i>Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln</i> (in German). 7 December 2012. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707170534/https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/pressemitteilungen/view.html?action=shownews&page=14&id=845">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln%3A+Ab+9.+Dezember+2012+unterirdisch+mit+der+Stadtbahn+bis+zum+Rathaus&rft.date=2012-12-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de%2Fpressemitteilungen%2Fview.html%3Faction%3Dshownews%26page%3D14%26id%3D845&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-pr_nss-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-pr_nss_46-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110724032509/http://stadtbahn.relaunch.net/german/news/press.html?NID=737">"Nord-Süd-Stadtbahn Köln"</a>. <i>stadtbahn.relaunch.net</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://stadtbahn.relaunch.net/german/news/press.html?NID=737">the original</a> on 24 July 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=stadtbahn.relaunch.net&rft.atitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd-Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fstadtbahn.relaunch.net%2Fgerman%2Fnews%2Fpress.html%3FNID%3D737&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nss_new_stations-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nss_new_stations_47-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReimann2015" class="citation web cs1">Reimann, Anna (8 December 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksta.de/koeln/das-sind-die-neuen-haltestellen-der-kvb-linie-17-sote-23268438">"Nord-Süd-Stadtbahn in Köln: Das sind die neuen Haltestellen der KVB-Linie 17"</a> [North-South rail in Cologne: These are the new stations of line 17]. <i>ksta.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170506014858/http://www.ksta.de/koeln/das-sind-die-neuen-haltestellen-der-kvb-linie-17-sote-23268438">Archived</a> from the original on 6 May 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ksta.de&rft.atitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd-Stadtbahn+in+K%C3%B6ln%3A+Das+sind+die+neuen+Haltestellen+der+KVB-Linie+17&rft.date=2015-12-08&rft.aulast=Reimann&rft.aufirst=Anna&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fdas-sind-die-neuen-haltestellen-der-kvb-linie-17-sote-23268438&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_17_timetable-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-line_17_timetable_48-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/buergerfest/linie_17/fahrplan.html">"Nord-Süd Stadtbahn: Linie 17 Fahrplan"</a> [North-South rail: Line 17 timetable]. <i>Nord-Süd Stadtbahn Köln</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707170548/https://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/buergerfest/linie_17/fahrplan.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn%3A+Linie+17+Fahrplan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de%2Fbuergerfest%2Flinie_17%2Ffahrplan.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-koeln.de/artikel/20118/index.html">"3. Baustufe Nord-Süd Stadtbahn"</a> [3rd building stage North-South rail]. <i>Stadt Köln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707170533/https://www.stadt-koeln.de/artikel/20118/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=3.+Baustufe+Nord-S%C3%BCd+Stadtbahn&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-koeln.de%2Fartikel%2F20118%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamm2016" class="citation web cs1">Damm, Andreas (19 May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksta.de/koeln/koelner-stadtarchiv-wer-soll-die-u-bahn-weiterbauen--23911086">"Kölner Stadtarchiv: Wer soll die U-Bahn weiterbauen?"</a> [Cologne's City archive: Who should continue building the U-Bahn?]. <i>ksta.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160826054854/http://www.ksta.de/koeln/koelner-stadtarchiv-wer-soll-die-u-bahn-weiterbauen--23911086">Archived</a> from the original on 26 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ksta.de&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadtarchiv%3A+Wer+soll+die+U-Bahn+weiterbauen%3F&rft.date=2016-05-19&rft.aulast=Damm&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkoelner-stadtarchiv-wer-soll-die-u-bahn-weiterbauen--23911086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGörtzHümmeler2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Görtz, Oliver; Hümmeler, Christian (11 December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/archiveinsturz-nord-sued-stadtbahn-faehrt-nicht-vor-2025-29279040">"Archiveinsturz: Nord-Süd-Stadtbahn fährt nicht vor 2025"</a> [Archive collapse: North-South rail won't run before 2025]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705142224/https://www.ksta.de/html/dumont-consent/index.html?param=eyJyZWRpcmVjdFVybCI6Ii9rb2Vsbi9hcmNoaXZlaW5zdHVyei1ub3JkLXN1ZWQtc3RhZHRiYWhuLWZhZWhydC1uaWNodC12b3ItMjAyNS0yOTI3OTA0MD9jYj0xNjU3MDMwOTQ0NTE5JiIsInJlZmVycmVyIjoiIiwic3ViZG9tYWluIjoid3d3In0=">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Archiveinsturz%3A+Nord-S%C3%BCd-Stadtbahn+f%C3%A4hrt+nicht+vor+2025&rft.date=2017-12-11&rft.aulast=G%C3%B6rtz&rft.aufirst=Oliver&rft.au=H%C3%BCmmeler%2C+Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Farchiveinsturz-nord-sued-stadtbahn-faehrt-nicht-vor-2025-29279040&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meyer, Gudrun (24 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/gleiswechsel-waidmarkt">"Gleiswechsel Waidmarkt"</a>. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210917202420/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/gleiswechsel-waidmarkt">Archived</a> from the original on 17 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Gleiswechsel+Waidmarkt&rft.date=2021-02-24&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Gudrun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fgleiswechsel-waidmarkt&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenning2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Henning, Martin (8 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.24rhein.de/koeln/innenstadt/nord-sued-bahn-koeln-streckenverlauf-baustufen-kosten-dauer-91164122.html">"Nord-Süd-Stadtbahn Köln: Streckenverlauf, Baustufen, Kosten, Dauer"</a> [North-South rail Cologne: routing, stages, costs, duration]. <i>24 Rhein</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220707170533/https://www.24rhein.de/koeln/innenstadt/nord-sued-bahn-koeln-streckenverlauf-baustufen-kosten-dauer-91164122.html">Archived</a> from the original on 7 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=24+Rhein&rft.atitle=Nord-S%C3%BCd-Stadtbahn+K%C3%B6ln%3A+Streckenverlauf%2C+Baustufen%2C+Kosten%2C+Dauer&rft.date=2022-02-08&rft.aulast=Henning&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.24rhein.de%2Fkoeln%2Finnenstadt%2Fnord-sued-bahn-koeln-streckenverlauf-baustufen-kosten-dauer-91164122.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_54-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rundschau-online.de/koeln/65-millionen-ausbau-der-stadtbahn-nach-meschenich-kann-auf-foerdergelder-hoffen-241243">"65 Millionen: Ausbau der Stadtbahn nach Meschenich kann auf Fördergelder hoffen"</a> [65 Million: Extension of the Stadtbahn to Meschenich is expected to be granted funds]. <i>Kölnische Rundschau</i> (in German). 5 May 2018. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422144422/https://www.rundschau-online.de/koeln/65-millionen-ausbau-der-stadtbahn-nach-meschenich-kann-auf-foerdergelder-hoffen-241243">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lnische+Rundschau&rft.atitle=65+Millionen%3A+Ausbau+der+Stadtbahn+nach+Meschenich+kann+auf+F%C3%B6rdergelder+hoffen&rft.date=2018-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rundschau-online.de%2Fkoeln%2F65-millionen-ausbau-der-stadtbahn-nach-meschenich-kann-auf-foerdergelder-hoffen-241243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSüsser2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Süsser, Ulrike (27 October 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/rodenkirchen/bis-rondorf-und-meschenich-lokalpolitiker-beraten-ueber-verlaengerung-der-linie-5-299005">"Bis Rondorf und Meschenich: Lokalpolitiker beraten über Verlängerung der Linie 5"</a> [To Rondorf and Meschenich: Local politicians debate about extension of line 5]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230424160536/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/rodenkirchen/bis-rondorf-und-meschenich-lokalpolitiker-beraten-ueber-verlaengerung-der-linie-5-299005">Archived</a> from the original on 24 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Bis+Rondorf+und+Meschenich%3A+Lokalpolitiker+beraten+%C3%BCber+Verl%C3%A4ngerung+der+Linie+5&rft.date=2018-10-27&rft.aulast=S%C3%BCsser&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Frodenkirchen%2Fbis-rondorf-und-meschenich-lokalpolitiker-beraten-ueber-verlaengerung-der-linie-5-299005&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSüsser2017" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Süsser, Ulrike (31 May 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/rodenkirchen/koeln-rodenkirchen-nord-suedstadtbahn-zwischen-rondorf-und-meschenich-in-der-diskussion-164809">"Köln Rodenkirchen: Nord-Südstadtbahn zwischen Rondorf und Meschenich in der Diskussion"</a> [Cologne Rodenkirchen: North-South Stadtbahn between Rondorf and Meschenich being discussed]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422144421/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/rodenkirchen/koeln-rodenkirchen-nord-suedstadtbahn-zwischen-rondorf-und-meschenich-in-der-diskussion-164809">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6ln+Rodenkirchen%3A+Nord-S%C3%BCdstadtbahn+zwischen+Rondorf+und+Meschenich+in+der+Diskussion&rft.date=2017-05-31&rft.aulast=S%C3%BCsser&rft.aufirst=Ulrike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Frodenkirchen%2Fkoeln-rodenkirchen-nord-suedstadtbahn-zwischen-rondorf-und-meschenich-in-der-diskussion-164809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_57-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/to0050.asp?__ktonr=370691">"SessionNet | TOP Ö 10.13: StadtBahn Süd - Trassenfestlegung und Entscheidung zur weiteren Planung"</a> [SessionNet | TOP Ö 10.13: StadtBahn South - Route determination and decision to continue planning]. <i>Ratsinformation der Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 23 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230420174611/https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/to0050.asp?__ktonr=370691">Archived</a> from the original on 20 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ratsinformation+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=SessionNet+%7C+TOP+%C3%96+10.13%3A+StadtBahn+S%C3%BCd+-+Trassenfestlegung+und+Entscheidung+zur+weiteren+Planung&rft.date=2023-03-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de%2Fto0050.asp%3F__ktonr%3D370691&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-koeln.de/artikel/68749/index.html">"StadtBahn Süd für Rondorf und Meschenich"</a>. <i>Stadt Köln</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813130153/https://www.stadt-koeln.de/artikel/68749/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=StadtBahn+S%C3%BCd+f%C3%BCr+Rondorf+und+Meschenich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-koeln.de%2Fartikel%2F68749%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.strassen.nrw.de/de/b51n-ortsumgehung-koeln-meschenich-bauphase.html">"B51n: Ortsumgehung Köln-Meschenich - Bauphase"</a> [B51n: Bypass Cologne-Meschenich - Construction Phase]. <i>Straßen.NRW</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230422144423/https://www.strassen.nrw.de/de/b51n-ortsumgehung-koeln-meschenich-bauphase.html">Archived</a> from the original on 22 April 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stra%C3%9Fen.NRW&rft.atitle=B51n%3A+Ortsumgehung+K%C3%B6ln-Meschenich+-+Bauphase&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.strassen.nrw.de%2Fde%2Fb51n-ortsumgehung-koeln-meschenich-bauphase.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-east_west_rail_expansion-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-east_west_rail_expansion_60-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-koeln.de/artikel/66555/index.html">"Kapazitätserweiterung auf der Ost-West-Achse – Stadt Köln"</a>. <i>Stadt-Köln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903211941/https://www.stadt-koeln.de/artikel/66555/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt-K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Kapazit%C3%A4tserweiterung+auf+der+Ost-West-Achse+%E2%80%93+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-koeln.de%2Fartikel%2F66555%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meinungfuer.koeln/owa-west">"Planungen Bereich West | Beteiligungsportal der Stadt Köln"</a>. <i>Beteiligungsportal der Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 15 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220903211945/https://meinungfuer.koeln/owa-west">Archived</a> from the original on 3 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beteiligungsportal+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Planungen+Bereich+West+%7C+Beteiligungsportal+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.date=2022-08-15&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeinungfuer.koeln%2Fowa-west&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_62-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gross, Paul (8 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koelner-innenstadt/koeln-neumarkt-und-rudolfplatz-koennten-vier-unterirdische-ebenen-bekommen-566157">"Köln - Ost-West-Achse: Neumarkt und Rudolfplatz könnten vier unterirdische Ebenen bekommen"</a> [Cologne - East-West axis: Neumarkt and Rudolfplatz could get four underground floors]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230508063107/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koelner-innenstadt/koeln-neumarkt-und-rudolfplatz-koennten-vier-unterirdische-ebenen-bekommen-566157">Archived</a> from the original on 8 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6ln+-+Ost-West-Achse%3A+Neumarkt+und+Rudolfplatz+k%C3%B6nnten+vier+unterirdische+Ebenen+bekommen&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkoelner-innenstadt%2Fkoeln-neumarkt-und-rudolfplatz-koennten-vier-unterirdische-ebenen-bekommen-566157&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meyer, Gudrun (14 March 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/ausbau-der-ost-west-achse-koelns-grosse-chance">"Ausbau der Ost-West-Achse Kölns große Chance"</a> [Expansion of the East-West-Axis Cologne's big chance]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210117021607/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/ausbau-der-ost-west-achse-koelns-grosse-chance">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Ausbau+der+Ost-West-Achse+K%C3%B6lns+gro%C3%9Fe+Chance&rft.date=2018-03-14&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Gudrun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fausbau-der-ost-west-achse-koelns-grosse-chance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMeyer2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Meyer, Gudrun (17 July 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/ober-oder-unterirdisch-die-buergerbeteiligung-zur-ost-west-achse">"Bürgerbeteiligung Ost-West-Achse: Was wollen die Kölner/innen?"</a> [Public participation East-West-Axis: What do the people want?]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210813142126/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/ober-oder-unterirdisch-die-buergerbeteiligung-zur-ost-west-achse">Archived</a> from the original on 13 August 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=B%C3%BCrgerbeteiligung+Ost-West-Achse%3A+Was+wollen+die+K%C3%B6lner%2Finnen%3F&rft.date=2018-07-17&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Gudrun&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fober-oder-unterirdisch-die-buergerbeteiligung-zur-ost-west-achse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_65-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_65-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stadt-koeln.de/mediaasset/content/pdf66/umgestaltung/ost-west-achse-3-fachgespraech-2022-11-16-praesentation.pdf">"3. Fachgespräch zur Ost-West-Achse am 16. November 2022"</a> [3rd technical discussion about the East-West axis on 16 November 2022] <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 16 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=3.+Fachgespr%C3%A4ch+zur+Ost-West-Achse+am+16.+November+2022&rft.date=2022-11-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stadt-koeln.de%2Fmediaasset%2Fcontent%2Fpdf66%2Fumgestaltung%2Fost-west-achse-3-fachgespraech-2022-11-16-praesentation.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-66">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/vo0050.asp?__kvonr=105940">"Stadtbahn Bonn-Niederkassel-Köln (Linie 17) und Verlängerung Linie 7"</a> [Stadtbahn Bonn-Niederkassel-Köln (line 17) and extension of line 7]. <i>Ratsinformation der Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 17 May 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114234211/https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/vo0050.asp?__kvonr=105940">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ratsinformation+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Stadtbahn+Bonn-Niederkassel-K%C3%B6ln+%28Linie+17%29+und+Verl%C3%A4ngerung+Linie+7&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de%2Fvo0050.asp%3F__kvonr%3D105940&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-routes_without_steps-67"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-routes_without_steps_67-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/service/barrierefreiheit.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=906">"Touren ohne Treppen Flyer"</a> [Routes without steps]. <i>Kölner Verkehrs Betriebe AG</i>. December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726104943/https://www.kvb.koeln/service/barrierefreiheit.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=906">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs+Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=Touren+ohne+Treppen+Flyer&rft.date=2021-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Fservice%2Fbarrierefreiheit.html%3FINCLUDEMODUL%3Ddokumente_einzeln2.mod%252Finc.download.php%26downDokument%3D906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-low_floor_trains-72"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-low_floor_trains_72-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-low_floor_trains_72-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-low_floor_trains_72-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-low_floor_trains_72-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/projekte/neue_stadtbahnen/niederflur.html">"Niederflurfahrzeuge"</a> [Low floor trains]. <i>kvb.koeln</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220617213936/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/projekte/neue_stadtbahnen/niederflur.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=kvb.koeln&rft.atitle=Niederflurfahrzeuge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fprojekte%2Fneue_stadtbahnen%2Fniederflur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/projekte/neue_stadtbahnen/">"KVB modernisiert ihre Stadtbahn-Flotte"</a> [KVB modernizes its Stadtbahn vehicles]. <i>Kölner Verkehrs Betriebe AG</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726145121/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/projekte/neue_stadtbahnen/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs+Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=KVB+modernisiert+ihre+Stadtbahn-Flotte&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fprojekte%2Fneue_stadtbahnen%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-customer_magazine_57-74"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-customer_magazine_57_74-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/presse/publikationen/koelntakt.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=3506">"Kundenzeitung der KVB Ausgabe 57 (Dezember 2021)"</a> [KVB Customer magazine 57 (December 2021)]. <i>Kölner Verkehrs Betriebe AG</i> (in German). December 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220117102915/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/presse/publikationen/koelntakt.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=3506">Archived</a> from the original on 17 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs+Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=Kundenzeitung+der+KVB+Ausgabe+57+%28Dezember+2021%29&rft.date=2021-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fpresse%2Fpublikationen%2Fkoelntakt.html%3FINCLUDEMODUL%3Ddokumente_einzeln2.mod%252Finc.download.php%26downDokument%3D3506&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-75"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-75">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClaus_Boelen-Partile2015" class="citation web cs1">Claus Boelen-Partile (14 August 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-berg-oberberg/kuerten/verlaengerung-der-strassenbahnlinie-1-der-zug-ist-noch-nicht-abgefahren-22746266">"Der Zug ist noch nicht abgefahren"</a> [The train has not yet been moved]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220705142225/https://www.ksta.de/html/dumont-consent/index.html?param=eyJyZWRpcmVjdFVybCI6Ii9yZWdpb24vcmhlaW4tYmVyZy1vYmVyYmVyZy9rdWVydGVuL3ZlcmxhZW5nZXJ1bmctZGVyLXN0cmFzc2VuYmFobmxpbmllLTEtZGVyLXp1Zy1pc3Qtbm9jaC1uaWNodC1hYmdlZmFocmVuLTIyNzQ2MjY2P2NiPTE2NTcwMzA5NDU5MTcmIiwicmVmZXJyZXIiOiIiLCJzdWJkb21haW4iOiJ3d3cifQ==">Archived</a> from the original on 5 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Der+Zug+ist+noch+nicht+abgefahren&rft.date=2015-08-14&rft.au=Claus+Boelen-Partile&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fregion%2Frhein-berg-oberberg%2Fkuerten%2Fverlaengerung-der-strassenbahnlinie-1-der-zug-ist-noch-nicht-abgefahren-22746266&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/to0050.asp?__ktonr=190629">"Tagesordnungspunkt"</a>. <i>ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181203202719/https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/to0050.asp?__ktonr=190629">Archived</a> from the original on 3 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">14 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de&rft.atitle=Tagesordnungspunkt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de%2Fto0050.asp%3F__ktonr%3D190629&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttenberger2022" class="citation web cs1">Attenberger, Tim (18 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/kvb-stadtbahn-linie-4-soll-bis-koeln-widdersdorf-fahren-39390822">"KVB: Stadtbahn-Linie 4 soll bis Köln-Widdersdorf fahren"</a> [KVB: Line 4 planned to run to Cologne-Widdersdorf]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220118193944/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/kvb-stadtbahn-linie-4-soll-bis-koeln-widdersdorf-fahren-39390822">Archived</a> from the original on 18 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=KVB%3A+Stadtbahn-Linie+4+soll+bis+K%C3%B6ln-Widdersdorf+fahren&rft.date=2022-01-18&rft.aulast=Attenberger&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkvb-stadtbahn-linie-4-soll-bis-koeln-widdersdorf-fahren-39390822&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeichert2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Teichert, Florian (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-erft/rhein-erft-grosse-zustimmung-fuer-stadtbahnlinie-von-koeln-ueber-pulheim-nach-niederaussem-39031342">"Rhein-Erft: Große Zustimmung für Stadtbahnlinie von Köln über Pulheim nach Niederaußem"</a> [Rhein-Erft: High approval for line from Cologne via Pulheim to Niederaußem]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211105073522/https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-erft/rhein-erft-grosse-zustimmung-fuer-stadtbahnlinie-von-koeln-ueber-pulheim-nach-niederaussem-39031342">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Rhein-Erft%3A+Gro%C3%9Fe+Zustimmung+f%C3%BCr+Stadtbahnlinie+von+K%C3%B6ln+%C3%BCber+Pulheim+nach+Niederau%C3%9Fem&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Teichert&rft.aufirst=Florian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fregion%2Frhein-erft%2Frhein-erft-grosse-zustimmung-fuer-stadtbahnlinie-von-koeln-ueber-pulheim-nach-niederaussem-39031342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReinartz2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Reinartz, Patrick (7 October 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-erft/frechen/kvb-linie-7-naechster-schritt-zur-verlaengerung-der-strecke-von-frechen-nach-kerpen-37448278">"KVB-Linie 7: Nächster Schritt zur Verlängerung der Strecke von Frechen nach Kerpen"</a> [Line 7: Next step for the expansion from Frechen to Kerpen]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=KVB-Linie+7%3A+N%C3%A4chster+Schritt+zur+Verl%C3%A4ngerung+der+Strecke+von+Frechen+nach+Kerpen&rft.date=2020-10-07&rft.aulast=Reinartz&rft.aufirst=Patrick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fregion%2Frhein-erft%2Ffrechen%2Fkvb-linie-7-naechster-schritt-zur-verlaengerung-der-strecke-von-frechen-nach-kerpen-37448278&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_14_proposal-80"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-line_14_proposal_80-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-line_14_proposal_80-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDamm2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Damm, Andreas (8 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/kvb-linie-13-stadtverwaltung-veraergert-mit-u-bahn-ausschreibung---linie-14-als-option-38151972">"KVB-Linie 13: Stadtverwaltung verärgert mit U-Bahn-Ausschreibung – Linie 14 als Option"</a> [Line 13: City council not happy with underground proposal – line 14 as an option]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210309115220/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/kvb-linie-13-stadtverwaltung-veraergert-mit-u-bahn-ausschreibung---linie-14-als-option-38151972">Archived</a> from the original on 9 March 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=KVB-Linie+13%3A+Stadtverwaltung+ver%C3%A4rgert+mit+U-Bahn-Ausschreibung+%E2%80%93+Linie+14+als+Option&rft.date=2021-03-08&rft.aulast=Damm&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkvb-linie-13-stadtverwaltung-veraergert-mit-u-bahn-ausschreibung---linie-14-als-option-38151972&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/vo0050.asp?__kvonr=107470">"ÖPNV-Netzentwicklung - Sachstand 2022"</a>. <i>Ratsinformation der Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 27 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230114205255/https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/vo0050.asp?__kvonr=107470">Archived</a> from the original on 14 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ratsinformation+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=%C3%96PNV-Netzentwicklung+-+Sachstand+2022&rft.date=2022-09-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de%2Fvo0050.asp%3F__kvonr%3D107470&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://buergerinfo.stadt-koeln.de/getfile.asp?id=801064&type=do">"Beschlussvorlage - 0150_2022_Beschlussvorlage_Rat.pdf"</a>. <i>Informationssystem für Bürgerinnen und Bürger der Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 23 August 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928170701/https://buergerinfo.stadt-koeln.de/getfile.asp?id=801064&type=do">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Informationssystem+f%C3%BCr+B%C3%BCrgerinnen+und+B%C3%BCrger+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Beschlussvorlage+-+0150_2022_Beschlussvorlage_Rat.pdf&rft.date=2022-08-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbuergerinfo.stadt-koeln.de%2Fgetfile.asp%3Fid%3D801064%26type%3Ddo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meinungfuer.koeln/group/zwei-neue-haltestellen-fuer-die-linie-13">"Neubau von zwei Stadtbahnhaltestellen im Bezirk Nippes"</a>. <i>Beteiligungsportal der Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 26 September 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220928172008/https://meinungfuer.koeln/group/zwei-neue-haltestellen-fuer-die-linie-13">Archived</a> from the original on 28 September 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beteiligungsportal+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Neubau+von+zwei+Stadtbahnhaltestellen+im+Bezirk+Nippes&rft.date=2022-09-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmeinungfuer.koeln%2Fgroup%2Fzwei-neue-haltestellen-fuer-die-linie-13&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-line_14-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-line_14_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAkyüz2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Akyüz, Adnan (5 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.express.de/koeln/koeln-gruene-fordern-neue-strassenbahn-linie-14-der-kvb-48057">"Köln: Grüne fordern neue Straßenbahn-Linie 14 der KVB"</a>. <i>Express</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220725131604/https://www.express.de/koeln/koeln-gruene-fordern-neue-strassenbahn-linie-14-der-kvb-48057">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Express&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6ln%3A+Gr%C3%BCne+fordern+neue+Stra%C3%9Fenbahn-Linie+14+der+KVB&rft.date=2021-03-05&rft.aulast=Aky%C3%BCz&rft.aufirst=Adnan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.express.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkoeln-gruene-fordern-neue-strassenbahn-linie-14-der-kvb-48057&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoelen-Theile2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Boelen-Theile, Claus (22 January 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-berg-oberberg/bergisch-gladbach/kvb-station-auf-zanders-gelaende--strassenbahn-soll-wieder-nach-gladbach-kommen-39391144">"KVB-Station auf Zanders-Gelände? Straßenbahn soll wieder nach Gladbach kommen"</a> [KVB station on Zanders ground? Stadtbahn planned to run to Gladbach again]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220120080527/https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-berg-oberberg/bergisch-gladbach/kvb-station-auf-zanders-gelaende--strassenbahn-soll-wieder-nach-gladbach-kommen-39391144">Archived</a> from the original on 20 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=KVB-Station+auf+Zanders-Gel%C3%A4nde%3F+Stra%C3%9Fenbahn+soll+wieder+nach+Gladbach+kommen&rft.date=2022-01-22&rft.aulast=Boelen-Theile&rft.aufirst=Claus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fregion%2Frhein-berg-oberberg%2Fbergisch-gladbach%2Fkvb-station-auf-zanders-gelaende--strassenbahn-soll-wieder-nach-gladbach-kommen-39391144&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEickler2016" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Eickler, Marion (27 January 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/lindenthal/kreuzung-am-militaerring-bekommt-kvb-tunnel-sote-23527634">"Verkehr in Köln: Kreuzung am Militärring bekommt einen KVB-Tunnel"</a> [Traffic in Cologne: Intersection at Militärring gets a new tunnel]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160503091853/http://www.ksta.de/koeln/lindenthal/kreuzung-am-militaerring-bekommt-kvb-tunnel-sote-23527634">Archived</a> from the original on 3 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Verkehr+in+K%C3%B6ln%3A+Kreuzung+am+Milit%C3%A4rring+bekommt+einen+KVB-Tunnel&rft.date=2016-01-27&rft.aulast=Eickler&rft.aufirst=Marion&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Flindenthal%2Fkreuzung-am-militaerring-bekommt-kvb-tunnel-sote-23527634&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-87"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-87">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHendorf2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Hendorf, Matthias (17 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koelner-innenstadt/barbarossaplatz-koeln-politik-beklagt-beamtenmikado-352906">"Barbarossaplatz Köln: Politik beklagt "Beamtenmikado"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221111165638/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koelner-innenstadt/barbarossaplatz-koeln-politik-beklagt-beamtenmikado-352906">Archived</a> from the original on 11 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Barbarossaplatz+K%C3%B6ln%3A+Politik+beklagt+%22Beamtenmikado%22&rft.date=2022-10-17&rft.aulast=Hendorf&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkoelner-innenstadt%2Fbarbarossaplatz-koeln-politik-beklagt-beamtenmikado-352906&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bonn.de/pressemitteilungen/mai-2023/meilenstein-fuer-den-ausbau-der-stadtbahnlinie-18.php">"Meilenstein für den Ausbau der Stadtbahnlinie 18"</a> [Milestone of the expansion of Stadtbahn line 18 reached]. <i>Bundesstadt Bonn</i> (in German). 8 May 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bundesstadt+Bonn&rft.atitle=Meilenstein+f%C3%BCr+den+Ausbau+der+Stadtbahnlinie+18&rft.date=2023-05-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonn.de%2Fpressemitteilungen%2Fmai-2023%2Fmeilenstein-fuer-den-ausbau-der-stadtbahnlinie-18.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngels2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Engels, Andreas (19 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-erft/huerth/huerther-verwaltung-will-sparen-geplante-stadtbahn-soll-sonntags-nicht-fahren-38497904">"Hürther Verwaltung will sparen: Geplante Stadtbahn soll sonntags nicht fahren"</a> [Hürth's council wants to cut corners: Planned Stadtbahn line won't run on Sundays]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220107052853/https://www.ksta.de/region/rhein-erft/huerth/huerther-verwaltung-will-sparen-geplante-stadtbahn-soll-sonntags-nicht-fahren-38497904">Archived</a> from the original on 7 January 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=H%C3%BCrther+Verwaltung+will+sparen%3A+Geplante+Stadtbahn+soll+sonntags+nicht+fahren&rft.date=2021-06-19&rft.aulast=Engels&rft.aufirst=Andreas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fregion%2Frhein-erft%2Fhuerth%2Fhuerther-verwaltung-will-sparen-geplante-stadtbahn-soll-sonntags-nicht-fahren-38497904&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ksta.de/koeln/muelheim/strassenbahn-trasse-bis-flittard-sote-23310146">"Kölner Initiative fordert Straßenbahn-Trasse bis Flittard"</a> [Cologne initiative calls for tramway route to Flittard] (in German). 19 November 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160310003519/http://www.ksta.de/koeln/muelheim/strassenbahn-trasse-bis-flittard-sote-23310146">Archived</a> from the original on 10 March 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6lner+Initiative+fordert+Stra%C3%9Fenbahn-Trasse+bis+Flittard&rft.date=2015-11-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fmuelheim%2Fstrassenbahn-trasse-bis-flittard-sote-23310146&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttenbergerHahnPichiredduGörtz2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Attenberger, Tim; Hahn, Sebastian; Pichireddu, Sara; Görtz, Oliver (9 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koelner-innenstadt/koeln-mehrere-verletzte-bei-brand-an-kvb-haltestelle-ebertplatz-345958">"Sechs Personen nach Feuer am Ebertplatz verletzt"</a> [Six people injured after fire at Ebertplatz]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123155209/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koelner-innenstadt/koeln-mehrere-verletzte-bei-brand-an-kvb-haltestelle-ebertplatz-345958">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=Sechs+Personen+nach+Feuer+am+Ebertplatz+verletzt&rft.date=2022-10-09&rft.aulast=Attenberger&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft.au=Hahn%2C+Sebastian&rft.au=Pichireddu%2C+Sara&rft.au=G%C3%B6rtz%2C+Oliver&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkoelner-innenstadt%2Fkoeln-mehrere-verletzte-bei-brand-an-kvb-haltestelle-ebertplatz-345958&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttenberger2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Attenberger, Tim (11 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/ebertplatz-koeln-kvb-beauftragt-gutachten-zum-brand-einer-u-bahn-347642">"KVB beauftragt Gutachten zur Brandursache"</a>. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123155205/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/ebertplatz-koeln-kvb-beauftragt-gutachten-zum-brand-einer-u-bahn-347642">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=KVB+beauftragt+Gutachten+zur+Brandursache&rft.date=2022-10-11&rft.aulast=Attenberger&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Febertplatz-koeln-kvb-beauftragt-gutachten-zum-brand-einer-u-bahn-347642&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-operation_stop_series_2300-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-operation_stop_series_2300_93-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-operation_stop_series_2300_93-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerger2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Berger, Peter (27 October 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koeln-kvb-zieht-rund-30-stadtbahn-fahrzeuge-aus-dem-verkehr-354056">"KVB zieht 32 Stadtbahn-Fahrzeuge aus dem Verkehr"</a>. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123155205/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koeln-kvb-zieht-rund-30-stadtbahn-fahrzeuge-aus-dem-verkehr-354056">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=KVB+zieht+32+Stadtbahn-Fahrzeuge+aus+dem+Verkehr&rft.date=2022-10-27&rft.aulast=Berger&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkoeln-kvb-zieht-rund-30-stadtbahn-fahrzeuge-aus-dem-verkehr-354056&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-94">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/kvb-koeln-33-strassenbahnen-fallen-aus-so-reagieren-die-kunden-366461">"33 KVB-Bahnen fallen aus – So reagieren die Kölner"</a> [33 KVB-trains not operating – how Cologne's residents react]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). 28 October 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123155202/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/kvb-koeln-33-strassenbahnen-fallen-aus-so-reagieren-die-kunden-366461">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=33+KVB-Bahnen+fallen+aus+%E2%80%93+So+reagieren+die+K%C3%B6lner&rft.date=2022-10-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkvb-koeln-33-strassenbahnen-fallen-aus-so-reagieren-die-kunden-366461&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-95">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAttenberger2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Attenberger, Tim (10 November 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koeln-hochflurbahnen-der-kvb-wieder-im-einsatz-370038">"KVB setzt Hochflurbahnen wieder im Kölner Netz ein"</a> [KVB resumes operation of high-floor trains in Cologne]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221123155207/https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koeln-hochflurbahnen-der-kvb-wieder-im-einsatz-370038">Archived</a> from the original on 23 November 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 November</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=KVB+setzt+Hochflurbahnen+wieder+im+K%C3%B6lner+Netz+ein&rft.date=2022-11-10&rft.aulast=Attenberger&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkoeln-hochflurbahnen-der-kvb-wieder-im-einsatz-370038&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-96">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnemüller2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anemüller, Stephan (11 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/serie-2400-komplett-viel-geld-gespart">"Serie 2400 komplett, viel Geld gespart"</a> [Series 2400 finished, a lot of money saved]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918064117/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/serie-2400-komplett-viel-geld-gespart">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Serie+2400+komplett%2C+viel+Geld+gespart&rft.date=2021-05-11&rft.aulast=Anem%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fserie-2400-komplett-viel-geld-gespart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-high_floor_trains-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-high_floor_trains_97-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/projekte/neue_stadtbahnen/hochflur.html">"Hochflurfahrzeuge"</a> [High floor vehicles]. <i>Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220617205430/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/projekte/neue_stadtbahnen/hochflur.html">Archived</a> from the original on 17 June 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs-Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=Hochflurfahrzeuge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fprojekte%2Fneue_stadtbahnen%2Fhochflur.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/first-bombardier-hf6-high-floor-light-rail-vehicle-arrives-in-cologne/">"First Bombardier HF6 high-floor light rail vehicle arrives in Cologne"</a>. <i>Urban Transport Magazine</i>. 19 December 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220726202347/https://www.urban-transport-magazine.com/en/first-bombardier-hf6-high-floor-light-rail-vehicle-arrives-in-cologne/">Archived</a> from the original on 26 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Urban+Transport+Magazine&rft.atitle=First+Bombardier+HF6+high-floor+light+rail+vehicle+arrives+in+Cologne&rft.date=2020-12-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.urban-transport-magazine.com%2Fen%2Ffirst-bombardier-hf6-high-floor-light-rail-vehicle-arrives-in-cologne%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPesch2021" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Pesch, Matthias (20 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/die-neuen-sind-unterwegs">"Die "Neuen" sind unterwegs – Menschen bewegen"</a>. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221001085045/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/die-neuen-sind-unterwegs">Archived</a> from the original on 1 October 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Die+%22Neuen%22+sind+unterwegs+%E2%80%93+Menschen+bewegen&rft.date=2021-03-20&rft.aulast=Pesch&rft.aufirst=Matthias&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fdie-neuen-sind-unterwegs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/getfile.asp?id=912499&type=do">"Beantwortung einer Anfrage Ausschuss"</a>. <i>Ratsinformation der Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 24 January 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230131231527/https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/getfile.asp?id=912499&type=do">Archived</a> from the original on 31 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ratsinformation+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=Beantwortung+einer+Anfrage+Ausschuss&rft.date=2023-01-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de%2Fgetfile.asp%3Fid%3D912499%26type%3Ddo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/to0050.asp?__ktonr=363799">"TOP Ö 7.2.14: KVB – neues Niederflur Stadtbahnfahrzeug (Arbeitstitel NF12) Hier: nicht gegebene Barrierefreiheit im Modell Stand 28.07.2022"</a> [TOP Ö 7.2.14: KVB – new low-floor Stadtbahn vehicle (work title NF12) here: missing accessibility in a model as of July 28 2022]. <i>Ratsinformation der Stadt Köln</i> (in German). 22 November 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230115130946/https://ratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de/to0050.asp?__ktonr=363799">Archived</a> from the original on 15 January 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ratsinformation+der+Stadt+K%C3%B6ln&rft.atitle=TOP+%C3%96+7.2.14%3A+KVB+%E2%80%93+neues+Niederflur+Stadtbahnfahrzeug+%28Arbeitstitel+NF12%29+Hier%3A+nicht+gegebene+Barrierefreiheit+im+Modell+Stand+28.07.2022&rft.date=2022-11-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fratsinformation.stadt-koeln.de%2Fto0050.asp%3F__ktonr%3D363799&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGross2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Gross, Paul (26 April 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ksta.de/koeln/koeln-neue-kvb-bahnen-kommen-trotz-huerden-fuer-behinderte-558163">"Köln: Neue KVB-Bahnen kommen trotz Hürden für Behinderte"</a> [Cologne: New KVB-trains are coming despite obstacles for disabled]. <i>Kölner Stadt-Anzeiger</i> (in German)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Stadt-Anzeiger&rft.atitle=K%C3%B6ln%3A+Neue+KVB-Bahnen+kommen+trotz+H%C3%BCrden+f%C3%BCr+Behinderte&rft.date=2023-04-26&rft.aulast=Gross&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ksta.de%2Fkoeln%2Fkoeln-neue-kvb-bahnen-kommen-trotz-huerden-fuer-behinderte-558163&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-current_depots-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-current_depots_103-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (19 April 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/die-heimat-von-bussen-und-bahnen-die-betriebshoefe-der-kvb">"Die Heimat von Bussen und Bahnen – die Betriebshöfe der KVB"</a>. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220419091642/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/die-heimat-von-bussen-und-bahnen-die-betriebshoefe-der-kvb">Archived</a> from the original on 19 April 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Die+Heimat+von+Bussen+und+Bahnen+%E2%80%93+die+Betriebsh%C3%B6fe+der+KVB&rft.date=2022-04-19&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fdie-heimat-von-bussen-und-bahnen-die-betriebshoefe-der-kvb&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-former_depots-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-former_depots_104-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (17 May 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/heimat-der-strassen-und-pferdebahnen-ehemalige-kvb-betriebshoefe">"Heimat der Straßen- und Pferdebahnen – ehemalige KVB-Betriebshöfe"</a>. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220517090745/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/heimat-der-strassen-und-pferdebahnen-ehemalige-kvb-betriebshoefe">Archived</a> from the original on 17 May 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Heimat+der+Stra%C3%9Fen-+und+Pferdebahnen+%E2%80%93+ehemalige+KVB-Betriebsh%C3%B6fe&rft.date=2022-05-17&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fheimat-der-strassen-und-pferdebahnen-ehemalige-kvb-betriebshoefe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnemüller2021" class="citation web cs1">Anemüller, Stephan (25 May 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/neue-heimat-fuer-64-stadtbahnen">"Neue Heimat für 64 Stadtbahnen"</a>. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918071925/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/neue-heimat-fuer-64-stadtbahnen">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Neue+Heimat+f%C3%BCr+64+Stadtbahnen&rft.date=2021-05-25&rft.aulast=Anem%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fneue-heimat-fuer-64-stadtbahnen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-control_room-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-control_room_106-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-control_room_106-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151105194742/http://www.kvb-koeln.de/german/unternehmen/kvb/leitstelle.html">"Leitstelle"</a> [Control room]. <i>Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG</i> (in German). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kvb-koeln.de/german/unternehmen/kvb/leitstelle.html">the original</a> on 5 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs-Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=Leitstelle&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb-koeln.de%2Fgerman%2Funternehmen%2Fkvb%2Fleitstelle.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnemüller2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Anemüller, Stephan (28 February 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/signale-und-zeichen-der-kvb-eine-einfuehrung">"Signale und Zeichen der KVB – eine Einführung"</a> [Signals of the KVB – an introduction]. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301081734/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/signale-und-zeichen-der-kvb-eine-einfuehrung">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Signale+und+Zeichen+der+KVB+%E2%80%93+eine+Einf%C3%BChrung&rft.date=2022-02-28&rft.aulast=Anem%C3%BCller&rft.aufirst=Stephan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fsignale-und-zeichen-der-kvb-eine-einfuehrung&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeiß2018" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Weiß, Regina (2 May 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/wie-kommt-eigentlich-die-ansage-in-bus-und-bahn">"Wie kommt eigentlich die Ansage in Bus und Bahn?"</a>. <i>Der Unternehmensblog der KVB</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211027164844/https://blog.kvb-koeln.de/wie-kommt-eigentlich-die-ansage-in-bus-und-bahn">Archived</a> from the original on 27 October 2021<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Der+Unternehmensblog+der+KVB&rft.atitle=Wie+kommt+eigentlich+die+Ansage+in+Bus+und+Bahn%3F&rft.date=2018-05-02&rft.aulast=Wei%C3%9F&rft.aufirst=Regina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fblog.kvb-koeln.de%2Fwie-kommt-eigentlich-die-ansage-in-bus-und-bahn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/presse/pressemitteilungen.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=1582">"PM DFI-Anzeiger"</a> [Press report DFI-displays]. <i>Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG</i> (in German). 28 February 2020. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728143540/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/presse/pressemitteilungen.html?INCLUDEMODUL=dokumente_einzeln2.mod%2Finc.download.php&downDokument=1582">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs-Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=PM+DFI-Anzeiger&rft.date=2020-02-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fpresse%2Fpressemitteilungen.html%3FINCLUDEMODUL%3Ddokumente_einzeln2.mod%252Finc.download.php%26downDokument%3D1582&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/projekte/itcs/index.html">"ITCS: Verbesserte Informationen für KVB-Kunden"</a> [ITCS: Better information for KVB-clients]. <i>Kölner Verkehrs-Betriebe AG</i> (in German). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220728143541/https://www.kvb.koeln/unternehmen/projekte/itcs/index.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 July 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=K%C3%B6lner+Verkehrs-Betriebe+AG&rft.atitle=ITCS%3A+Verbesserte+Informationen+f%C3%BCr+KVB-Kunden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kvb.koeln%2Funternehmen%2Fprojekte%2Fitcs%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Books">Books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=89" title="Edit section: Books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGroneck2005" class="citation book cs1">Groneck, Christoph (2005). <i>Köln/Bonn Stadtbahn Album</i>. Robert Schwandl Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-936573-07-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-936573-07-7"><bdi>3-936573-07-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6ln%2FBonn+Stadtbahn+Album&rft.pub=Robert+Schwandl+Verlag&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=3-936573-07-7&rft.aulast=Groneck&rft.aufirst=Christoph&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHöltgeReuther2001" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Höltge, Dieter; Reuther, Axel (2001). <i>Straßen- und Stadtbahnen in Deutschland Band 7: Köln, Düren, Aachen</i> (in German). EK-Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-88255-338-3" title="Special:BookSources/3-88255-338-3"><bdi>3-88255-338-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Stra%C3%9Fen-+und+Stadtbahnen+in+Deutschland+Band+7%3A+K%C3%B6ln%2C+D%C3%BCren%2C+Aachen&rft.pub=EK-Verlag&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=3-88255-338-3&rft.aulast=H%C3%B6ltge&rft.aufirst=Dieter&rft.au=Reuther%2C+Axel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLindemannVerkehrs-Betriebe2002" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Lindemann, Doris; Verkehrs-Betriebe, Kölner, eds. (2002). <i>Kölner Mobilität - 125 Jahre Bahnen und Busse</i> (in German). Du Mont Verlag. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8321-7177-0" title="Special:BookSources/3-8321-7177-0"><bdi>3-8321-7177-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=K%C3%B6lner+Mobilit%C3%A4t+-+125+Jahre+Bahnen+und+Busse&rft.pub=Du+Mont+Verlag&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=3-8321-7177-0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACologne+Stadtbahn" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cologne_Stadtbahn&action=edit&section=90" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 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class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Stadtbahn_K%C3%B6ln" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Stadtbahn Köln">Stadtbahn Köln</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kvb.koeln/en">Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe Homepage in English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kvb.koeln/fahrtinfo/fahrplanauskunft/index.html">Kölner Verkehrsbetriebe Timetable Search</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vrs.de/en/drive/timetable-service">Transit Authority Timetable Search in English</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nord-sued-stadtbahn.de/">Official Homepage for the Nord-Süd-U-Bahn Construction Project (in German only)</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style 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id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Germany&#124;link=Germany_Stadtbahn_and_town_tramway_systems_in_Germany_by_Land_and_city630" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a> and <a href="/wiki/List_of_town_tramway_systems_in_Germany" title="List of town tramway systems in Germany">town tramway</a> systems in Germany by <i><a href="/wiki/States_of_Germany" title="States of Germany">Land</a></i> and city</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg" title="Baden-Württemberg">Baden-Württemberg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Trams in Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg im Breisgau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Heidelberg" title="Trams in Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn_Stadtbahn" title="Heilbronn Stadtbahn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li>Karlsruhe <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Stadtbahn" title="Karlsruhe Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Karlsruhe" title="Trams in Karlsruhe">Trams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Strasbourg" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Strasbourg">Kehl</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mannheim/Ludwigshafen" title="Trams in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Stadtbahn" title="Stuttgart Stadtbahn">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Ulm" title="Trams in Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Basel" title="Trams in Basel">Weil am Rhein</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="14" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Stadtbahn.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Stadtbahn signature"><img alt="Stadtbahn signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stadtbahn.svg/100px-Stadtbahn.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stadtbahn.svg/150px-Stadtbahn.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Stadtbahn.svg/200px-Stadtbahn.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a></span><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tram-Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Tram signature"><img alt="Tram signature" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tram-Logo.svg/100px-Tram-Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tram-Logo.svg/150px-Tram-Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Tram-Logo.svg/200px-Tram-Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Augsburg" title="Trams in Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Munich" title="Trams in Munich">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Nuremberg" title="Trams in Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Trams in Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Berlin" title="Trams in Berlin">Berlin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Brandenburg" title="Brandenburg">Brandenburg</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Trams in Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Cottbus" title="Trams in Cottbus">Cottbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Trams in Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Potsdam" title="Trams in Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neiche_bei_Berlin_tramway" title="Schöneiche bei Berlin tramway">Schöneiche and Rüdersdorf</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strausberg_Railway" title="Strausberg Railway">Strausberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Woltersdorf" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Woltersdorf">Woltersdorf</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bremen" title="Trams in Bremen">Bremen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Darmstadt" title="Trams in Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li>Frankfurt am Main <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_U-Bahn" title="Frankfurt U-Bahn">Stadtbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Trams in Frankfurt am Main">Trams</a></li></ul></li> <li>Kassel <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_RegioTram" title="Kassel RegioTram">RegioTram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kassel" title="Trams in Kassel">Trams</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Braunschweig" title="Trams in Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Stadtbahn" title="Hanover Stadtbahn">Hanover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mecklenburg-Vorpommern" title="Mecklenburg-Vorpommern">Mecklenburg-Vorpommern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Rostock" title="Trams in Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Schwerin" title="Trams in Schwerin">Schwerin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Rhine-Westphalia" title="North Rhine-Westphalia">North Rhine-Westphalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_Stadtbahn" title="Bielefeld Stadtbahn">Bielefeld</a></li> <li>Bochum <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bochum_Stadtbahn" title="Bochum Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bochum/Gelsenkirchen" title="Trams in Bochum/Gelsenkirchen">Trams</a></li></ul></li> <li>Bonn <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bonn_Stadtbahn" title="Bonn Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bonn" title="Trams in Bonn">Trams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn_Dortmund" class="mw-redirect" title="Stadtbahn Dortmund">Dortmund</a></li> <li>Duisburg <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg_Stadtbahn" title="Duisburg Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Duisburg" title="Trams in Duisburg">Trams</a></li></ul></li> <li>Düsseldorf <ul><li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Stadtbahn" title="Düsseldorf Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Trams in Düsseldorf">Trams</a></li></ul></li> <li>Essen <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Essen_Stadtbahn" title="Essen Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Essen" title="Trams in Essen">Trams</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bochum/Gelsenkirchen" title="Trams in Bochum/Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Krefeld" title="Trams in Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_M%C3%BClheim/Oberhausen" title="Trams in Mülheim/Oberhausen">Mülheim/Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_Stadtbahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr Stadtbahn">Rhine-Ruhr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rhineland-Palatinate" title="Rhineland-Palatinate">Rhineland-Palatinate</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mannheim/Ludwigshafen" title="Trams in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen am Rhein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mainz" title="Trams in Mainz">Mainz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saarland" title="Saarland">Saarland</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Saarbahn" title="Saarbahn">Saarbrücken</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saxony" title="Saxony">Saxony</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kirnitzschtal_tramway" title="Kirnitzschtal tramway">Bad Schandau-Kirnitzschtal</a></li> <li>Chemnitz <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Chemnitz" title="Trams in Chemnitz">Trams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City-Bahn_Chemnitz" title="City-Bahn Chemnitz">City-Bahn</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dresden" title="Trams in Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Trams in Görlitz">Görlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Leipzig" title="Trams in Leipzig">Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Plauen" title="Trams in Plauen">Plauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Zwickau" title="Trams in Zwickau">Zwickau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saxony-Anhalt" title="Saxony-Anhalt">Saxony-Anhalt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dessau" title="Trams in Dessau">Dessau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Halberstadt" title="Trams in Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Halle" title="Trams in Halle">Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Magdeburg" title="Trams in Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Naumburg" title="Trams in Naumburg">Naumburg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thuringia" title="Thuringia">Thuringia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt_Stadtbahn" title="Erfurt Stadtbahn">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Gera" title="Trams in Gera">Gera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Gotha" title="Trams in Gotha">Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Jena" title="Trams in Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Nordhausen" title="Trams in Nordhausen">Nordhausen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><sup><small>1</small></sup> Part of Strasbourg tramway network — <sup><small>2</small></sup> Part of Basel tramway network — <sup><small>3</small></sup> Partly in Berlin</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Urban_public_transport_networks_and_systems_in_Germany321" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Urban_public_transport_in_Germany" title="Template:Urban public transport in Germany"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Urban_public_transport_in_Germany" title="Template talk:Urban public transport in Germany"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Urban_public_transport_in_Germany" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Urban public transport in Germany"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Urban_public_transport_networks_and_systems_in_Germany321" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Urban <a href="/wiki/Public_transport" title="Public transport">public transport</a> networks and systems in Germany</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn" title="S-Bahn">S-Bahn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_S-Bahn" title="Berlin S-Bahn">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bremen_S-Bahn" title="Bremen S-Bahn">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_S-Bahn" title="Dresden S-Bahn">Dresden</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Erfurt_S-Bahn" title="Erfurt S-Bahn">Erfurt</a></i><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breisgau_S-Bahn" title="Breisgau S-Bahn">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_S-Bahn" title="Hamburg S-Bahn">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_S-Bahn" title="Hanover S-Bahn">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Stadtbahn" title="Karlsruhe Stadtbahn">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Magdeburg S-Bahn">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-Bahn_Mitteldeutschland" title="S-Bahn Mitteldeutschland">Mitteldeutschland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_S-Bahn" title="Munich S-Bahn">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube-Iller_Regional_S-Bahn" title="Danube-Iller Regional S-Bahn">Neu-Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_S-Bahn" title="Nuremberg S-Bahn">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ortenau_S-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortenau S-Bahn">Offenburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Main_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Main S-Bahn">Rhine-Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Neckar_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Neckar S-Bahn">Rhine-Neckar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhine-Ruhr_S-Bahn" title="Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn">Rhine-Ruhr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock_S-Bahn" title="Rostock S-Bahn">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_S-Bahn" title="Stuttgart S-Bahn">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danube-Iller_Regional_S-Bahn" title="Danube-Iller Regional S-Bahn">Ulm</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/U-Bahn" class="mw-redirect" title="U-Bahn">U-Bahn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin_U-Bahn" title="Berlin U-Bahn">Berlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamburg_U-Bahn" title="Hamburg U-Bahn">Hamburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munich_U-Bahn" title="Munich U-Bahn">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuremberg_U-Bahn" title="Nuremberg U-Bahn">Nuremberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stadtbahn" title="Stadtbahn">Stadtbahn</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bielefeld_Stadtbahn" title="Bielefeld Stadtbahn">Bielefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bochum_Stadtbahn" title="Bochum Stadtbahn">Bochum-Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonn_Stadtbahn" title="Bonn Stadtbahn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz_Stadtbahn" class="mw-redirect" title="Chemnitz Stadtbahn">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmund_Stadtbahn" title="Dortmund Stadtbahn">Dortmund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duisburg_Stadtbahn" title="Duisburg Stadtbahn">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_Stadtbahn" title="Düsseldorf Stadtbahn">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt_Stadtbahn" title="Erfurt Stadtbahn">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Essen_Stadtbahn" title="Essen Stadtbahn">Essen-Mülheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_U-Bahn" title="Frankfurt U-Bahn">Frankfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Stadtbahn" title="Hanover Stadtbahn">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heilbronn_Stadtbahn" title="Heilbronn Stadtbahn">Heilbronn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karlsruhe_Stadtbahn" title="Karlsruhe Stadtbahn">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kassel_RegioTram" title="Kassel RegioTram">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarbahn" title="Saarbahn">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Stadtbahn" title="Stuttgart Stadtbahn">Stuttgart</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Germany" title="Trams in Germany">Trams</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Aachen" title="Trams in Aachen">Aachen</a></i><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Augsburg" title="Trams in Augsburg">Augsburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirnitzschtal_tramway" title="Kirnitzschtal tramway">Bad Schandau-Kirnitzschtal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Berlin" title="Trams in Berlin">Berlin</a> (Suburban: <a href="/wiki/Sch%C3%B6neiche-R%C3%BCdersdorf_Tramway" class="mw-redirect" title="Schöneiche-Rüdersdorf Tramway">Schöneiche-Rüdersdorf</a> · <a href="/wiki/Woltersdorf_Tramway" title="Woltersdorf Tramway">Woltersdorf</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bochum/Gelsenkirchen" title="Trams in Bochum/Gelsenkirchen">Bochum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bonn" title="Trams in Bonn">Bonn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Brandenburg_an_der_Havel" title="Trams in Brandenburg an der Havel">Brandenburg an der Havel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Braunschweig" title="Trams in Braunschweig">Braunschweig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bremen" title="Trams in Bremen">Bremen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Chemnitz" title="Trams in Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Cologne">Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Cottbus" title="Trams in Cottbus">Cottbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Darmstadt" title="Trams in Darmstadt">Darmstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dessau" title="Trams in Dessau">Dessau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6beln_Tramway" title="Döbeln Tramway">Döbeln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Dresden" title="Trams in Dresden">Dresden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Duisburg" title="Trams in Duisburg">Duisburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_D%C3%BCsseldorf" title="Trams in Düsseldorf">Düsseldorf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Erfurt" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Essen" title="Trams in Essen">Essen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Frankfurt_am_Main" title="Trams in Frankfurt am Main">Frankfurt am Main</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Trams in Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt (Oder)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Freiburg_im_Breisgau" title="Trams in Freiburg im Breisgau">Freiburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Bochum/Gelsenkirchen" title="Trams in Bochum/Gelsenkirchen">Gelsenkirchen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Gera" title="Trams in Gera">Gera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_G%C3%B6rlitz" title="Trams in Görlitz">Görlitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Gotha" title="Trams in Gotha">Gotha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Halberstadt" title="Trams in Halberstadt">Halberstadt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Halle" title="Trams in Halle">Halle</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Hamburg" title="Trams in Hamburg">Hamburg</a></i><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Hanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Hanover">Hanover</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Heidelberg" title="Trams in Heidelberg">Heidelberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Jena" title="Trams in Jena">Jena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Karlsruhe" title="Trams in Karlsruhe">Karlsruhe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kassel" title="Trams in Kassel">Kassel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strasbourg_tramway" title="Strasbourg tramway">Kehl</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Kiel" title="Trams in Kiel">Kiel</a></i><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Krefeld" title="Trams in Krefeld">Krefeld</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Leipzig" title="Trams in Leipzig">Leipzig</a> (<span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_trams_in_Leipzig" title="History of trams in Leipzig">History</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%B6%C3%9Fnitz_tramway" title="Lößnitz tramway">Lößnitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mannheim/Ludwigshafen" title="Trams in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen">Ludwigshafen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Magdeburg" title="Trams in Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mannheim/Ludwigshafen" title="Trams in Mannheim/Ludwigshafen">Mannheim</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Merseburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trams in Merseburg (page does not exist)">Merseburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_M%C3%BClheim/Oberhausen" title="Trams in Mülheim/Oberhausen">Mülheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Munich" title="Trams in Munich">Munich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Mainz" title="Trams in Mainz">Mainz</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_M%C3%BCnster" title="Trams in Münster">Münster</a></i><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Naumburg" title="Trams in Naumburg">Naumburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Nuremberg" title="Trams in Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Nordhausen" title="Trams in Nordhausen">Nordhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_M%C3%BClheim/Oberhausen" title="Trams in Mülheim/Oberhausen">Oberhausen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Plauen" title="Trams in Plauen">Plauen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Potsdam" title="Trams in Potsdam">Potsdam</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trams_in_Regensburg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trams in Regensburg (page does not exist)">Regensburg</a></i><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Rostock" title="Trams in Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Saarbr%C3%BCcken" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Saarbrücken">Saarbrücken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Schwerin" title="Trams in Schwerin">Schwerin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strausberg_Railway" title="Strausberg Railway">Strausberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Stuttgart" class="mw-redirect" title="Trams in Stuttgart">Stuttgart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Ulm" title="Trams in Ulm">Ulm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Basel" title="Trams in Basel">Weil am Rhein</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Wuppertal" title="Trams in Wuppertal">Wuppertal</a></i><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_W%C3%BCrzburg" title="Trams in Würzburg">Würzburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trams_in_Zwickau" title="Trams in Zwickau">Zwickau</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_trolleybus_systems_in_Germany" title="List of trolleybus systems in Germany">Trolleybuses</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Eberswalde" title="Trolleybuses in Eberswalde">Eberswalde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Esslingen_am_Neckar" title="Trolleybuses in Esslingen am Neckar">Esslingen am Neckar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolleybuses_in_Solingen" title="Trolleybuses in Solingen">Solingen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Suspension_railway" title="Suspension railway">Suspension monorails</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/H-Bahn" title="H-Bahn">Dortmund H-Bahn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dresden_Suspension_Railway" title="Dresden Suspension Railway">Dresden Suspension Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BCsseldorf_SkyTrain" class="mw-redirect" title="Düsseldorf SkyTrain">Düsseldorf SkyTrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuppertal_Schwebebahn" title="Wuppertal Schwebebahn">Wuppertal Schwebebahn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bad_Schandau_Elevator" title="Bad Schandau Elevator">Bad Schandau Elevator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drachenfels_Railway" title="Drachenfels Railway">Drachenfels Railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuttgart_Rack_Railway" title="Stuttgart Rack Railway">Stuttgart Rack Railway</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Former S-Bahn network</li> <li><sup><small>2</small></sup> Former tramway network</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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