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You could also send an email to the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Stewards" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/Stewards">stewards</a> <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/VRT" class="extiw" title="m:Special:MyLanguage/VRT">VRT</a> queue at <kbd>stewards@wikimedia.org</kbd> including all above details. </p> </div> <p>Other useful links: <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Global_blocks" class="extiw" title="m:Global blocks">Global blocks</a> · <a href="/wiki/Help:I_have_been_blocked" title="Help:I have been blocked">Help:I have been blocked</a> </p> </div></li></ul><hr /> <div id="viewsourcetext">You can view and copy the source of this page:</div><textarea readonly="" accesskey="," id="wpTextbox1" cols="80" rows="25" style="" class="mw-editfont-monospace" lang="en" dir="ltr" name="wpTextbox1">{{chembox | Verifiedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed | verifiedrevid = 464381782 | ImageFile = rhodamine B.svg | ImageSize = | PIN = 9-(2-Carboxyphenyl)-6-(diethylamino)-''N'',''N''-diethyl-3''H''-xanthen-3-iminium chloride | OtherNames = Rhodamine 610, C.I. Pigment Violet 1, Basic Violet 10, C.I. 45170 |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo = 81-88-9 | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII = K7G5SCF8IL | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEMBL = 428971 | PubChem = 6694 | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} | KEGG = C19517 | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID = 6439 | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI = 52334 | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI = 1S/C28H30N2O3.ClH/c1-5-29(6-2)19-13-15-23-25(17-19)33-26-18-20(30(7-3)8-4)14-16-24(26)27(23)21-11-9-10-12-22(21)28(31)32;/h9-18H,5-8H2,1-4H3;1H | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey = PYWVYCXTNDRMGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N | SMILES = CCN(CC)C1=CC2=C(C=C1)C(=C3C=CC(=[N+](CC)CC)C=C3O2)C4=CC=CC=C4C(=O)O.[Cl-] }} |Section2={{Chembox Properties | Formula =C<sub>28</sub>H<sub>31</sub>ClN<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> | MolarMass =479.02 | Appearance =red to violet powder | Density = | MeltingPtC = 210 to 211 | MeltingPt_notes = (Decomposes) | BoilingPt = | Solubility =8 to 15&nbsp;g/L (20 °C)<ref name=Roth>{{cite web | title = Safety data sheet | publisher = Roth | date = 2013 | url = https://www.carlroth.com/medias/SDB-T130-AU-EN.pdf?context=bWFzdGVyfHNlY3VyaXR5RGF0YXNoZWV0c3wyMzk1MjZ8YXBwbGljYXRpb24vcGRmfHNlY3VyaXR5RGF0YXNoZWV0cy9oYjEvaDUxLzg5Njk3MDM2ODYxNzQucGRmfDg5ZTFiNGZmNDIzMzc3NDczZjhlYjA3ODBmY2JiOTBkODkyNDc3ZWI3NDU0ODJiNTBmMWM1ZjAzNDI4NDZhMjQ | access-date = 2020-03-08 | archive-date = 2021-03-06 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20210306161509/https://www.carlroth.com/medias/SDB-T130-AU-EN.pdf?context=bWFzdGVyfHNlY3VyaXR5RGF0YXNoZWV0c3wyMzk1MjZ8YXBwbGljYXRpb24vcGRmfHNlY3VyaXR5RGF0YXNoZWV0cy9oYjEvaDUxLzg5Njk3MDM2ODYxNzQucGRmfDg5ZTFiNGZmNDIzMzc3NDczZjhlYjA3ODBmY2JiOTBkODkyNDc3ZWI3NDU0ODJiNTBmMWM1ZjAzNDI4NDZhMjQ | url-status = dead }}</ref><ref group="nt" name="IHCWorld" /> }} |Section3={{Chembox Hazards | ExternalSDS =[http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/RH/rhodamine_B.html MSDS] | MainHazards = | FlashPt = | AutoignitionPt = }} }} '''Rhodamine B''' {{IPAc-en|ˈ|r|oʊ|d|ə|m|iː|n}} is a chemical compound and a [[dye]]. It is often used as a [[tracer dye]] within water to determine the rate and direction of flow and transport. [[Rhodamine]] dyes [[fluorescence|fluoresce]] and can thus be detected easily and inexpensively with [[fluorometer]]s. Rhodamine B is used in biology as a [[staining (biology)|staining]] fluorescent dye, sometimes in combination with [[auramine O]], as the [[auramine-rhodamine stain]] to demonstrate [[acid-fast]] organisms, notably ''[[Mycobacterium]]''. Rhodamine dyes are also used extensively in biotechnology applications such as [[Fluorescence microscope|fluorescence microscopy]], [[flow cytometry]], [[fluorescence correlation spectroscopy]] and [[ELISA]].{{citation needed|date=October 2020}} ==Other uses== [[File:Rodamina B.png|thumbnail|left|90px|Rhodamine B solution in water]] Rhodamine B is often mixed with herbicides to show where they have been used.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cai SS, Stark JD | title = Evaluation of five fluorescent dyes and triethyl phosphate as atmospheric tracers of agricultural sprays | journal = Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part B | date = November 1997 | volume = 32 | issue = 6 | pages = 969–83 | doi = 10.1080/03601239709373123 | bibcode = 1997JESHB..32..969C }}</ref> It is also being tested for use as a [[Biomarker (medicine)|biomarker]] in oral [[rabies]] [[vaccines]] for [[wildlife]], such as [[raccoon]]s, to identify animals that have eaten a vaccine [[bait (luring substance)|bait]]. The rhodamine is incorporated into the animal's [[whiskers]] and [[teeth]].<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Slate D, Algeo TP, Nelson KM, Chipman RB, Donovan D, Blanton JD, Niezgoda M, Rupprecht CE | display-authors = 3 | title = Oral rabies vaccination in north america: opportunities, complexities, and challenges | journal = PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases | volume = 3 | issue = 12 | pages = e549 | date = December 2009 | pmid = 20027214 | pmc = 2791170 | doi = 10.1371/journal.pntd.0000549 | doi-access = free | veditors = Bethony JM }}</ref> Rhodamine B is an important hydrophilic xanthene dye well known for its stability and is widely used in the textile industry, leather, paper printing, paint, coloured glass and plastic industries.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sudarshan |first1=Shanmugam |last2=Bharti |first2=Vidya Shree |last3=Harikrishnan |first3=Sekar |last4=Shukla |first4=Satya Prakash |last5=RathiBhuvaneswari |first5=Govindarajan |title=Eco-toxicological effect of a commercial dye Rhodamine B on freshwater microalgae Chlorella vulgaris |journal=Archives of Microbiology |date=2 October 2022 |volume=204 |issue=10 |pages=658 |doi=10.1007/s00203-022-03254-5|pmid=36183287 |bibcode=2022ArMic.204..658S |s2cid=252647552 }}</ref> Rhodamine B (BV10) is mixed with [[Shades of magenta#Quinacridone magenta|quinacridone magenta]] (PR122) to make the bright pink watercolor known as Opera Rose.<ref>{{cite web | first = Bruce | last = MacEvoy | name-list-style = vanc |url= http://www.handprint.com/HP/WCL/waterc.html |title= Handprint: color making attributes |work=www.handprint.com }}</ref>{{clear|left}} == Properties == [[File:Synthese von Rhodamin B.svg|alt=A is the "open" form and B is the "closed" form|thumb|left|Rhodamine B closed form (A) and open form (B)]] Rhodamine B can exist in equilibrium between two forms: an "open"/fluorescent form and a "closed"/nonfluorescent spirolactone form. The "open" form dominates in acidic condition while the "closed" form is colorless in basic condition.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Birtalan E, Rudat B, Kölmel DK, Fritz D, Vollrath SB, Schepers U, Bräse S |display-authors=3 | title = Investigating rhodamine B-labeled peptoids: scopes and limitations of its applications | journal = Biopolymers | volume = 96 | issue = 5 | pages = 694–701 | date = 2011 | pmid = 22180914 | doi = 10.1002/bip.21617 }}</ref> The fluorescence intensity of rhodamine B will decrease as temperature increases.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Chauhan VM, Hopper RH, Ali SZ, King EM, Udrea F, Oxley CH, Aylott JW |display-authors=3| title = Thermo-optical characterization of fluorescent rhodamine B based temperature-sensitive nanosensors using a CMOS MEMS micro-hotplate | journal = Sensors and Actuators. B, Chemical | volume = 192 | pages = 126–133 | date = March 2014 | pmid = 25844025 | pmc = 4376176 | doi = 10.1016/j.snb.2013.10.042 |bibcode=2014SeAcB.192..126C}}</ref> The solubility of rhodamine B in water varies by manufacturer, and has been reported as 8 g/L and ~15&nbsp;g/L,<ref name="Roth" /> while solubility in alcohol (presumably [[ethanol]]) has been reported as 15&nbsp;g/L.<ref group="nt" name="IHCWorld" /> Chlorinated tap water decomposes rhodamine B. Rhodamine B solutions adsorb to plastics and should be kept in glass.<ref>{{cite book | title = Detection and Prevention of Leaks from Dams | first1 = Antonio Plata | last1 = Bedmar | first2 = Luís Araguás | last2 = Araguás | name-list-style = vanc | publisher = Taylor & Francis | date = 2002 | isbn = 90-5809-355-7 }}</ref> Rhodamine B is tunable around 610&nbsp;nm when used as a [[Dye laser|laser dye]].<ref>{{cite web | first = Scott | last = Prahl | name-list-style = vanc | url = http://omlc.ogi.edu/spectra/PhotochemCAD/html/rhodamineB.html | title = Rhodamine B | work = OMLC }}</ref> Its luminescence [[quantum yield]] is 0.65 in basic [[ethanol]],<ref>{{cite journal|url=http://habana.qfa.uam.es/~lmc/ref/old/kubin82.pdf|title=Fluorescence quantum yields of some rhodamine dyes|year=1982|vauthors=Kubin R|journal=[[Journal of Luminescence]]|volume=27|issue=4|pages=455–462|doi=10.1016/0022-2313(82)90045-X|bibcode=1982JLum...27..455K|access-date=2019-03-22|archive-date=2017-10-13|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171013125833/http://habana.qfa.uam.es/~lmc/ref/old/kubin82.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> 0.49 in ethanol,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/j100334a023|title=Effect of solvent polarity on nonradiative processes in xanthene dyes: Rhodamine B in normal alcohols|year=1988|last1=Casey|first1=Kelly G.|last2=Quitevis|first2=Edward L. | name-list-style = vanc |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry|volume=92|issue=23|pages=6590–6594}}</ref> 1.0,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1063/1.1725672|title=Radiationless Intermolecular Energy Transfer. III. Determination of Phosphorescence Efficiencies|year=1964| vauthors = Kellogg RE, Bennett RG |journal=The Journal of Chemical Physics|volume=41|issue=10|pages=3042–3045|bibcode=1964JChPh..41.3042K}}</ref> and 0.68 in 94% ethanol.<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/0047-2670(82)87023-8|title=The photophysics of rhodamine B|year=1982| vauthors = Snare M |journal=Journal of Photochemistry|volume=18|issue=4|pages=335–346}}</ref> The fluorescence yield is temperature dependent;<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1021/j100451a030|title=Rhodamine B and rhodamine 101 as reference substances for fluorescence quantum yield measurements|year=1980| vauthors = Karstens T, Kobs K |journal=The Journal of Physical Chemistry|volume=84|issue=14|pages=1871–1872}}</ref> the compound is [[Fluxional molecule|fluxional]] in that its excitability is in [[thermal equilibrium]] at room temperature.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Strack R | title = Bypassing bleaching with fluxional fluorophores | journal = Nature Methods | volume = 16 | issue = 5 | pages = 357 | date = May 2019 | pmid = 31040423 | doi = 10.1038/s41592-019-0402-2 | type = Paper | doi-access = free }}{{subscription required}}</ref>  ==Safety and health== In California, rhodamine B is suspected to be carcinogenic and thus products containing it must contain a warning on its label.<ref>{{cite web | url = http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Visual_Art/documents/NavalJelly.pdf | title = Naval Jelly MSDS with Rhodamine B | work = Locite Corporation | date = 20 October 1998 | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20100415195507/http://www.brown.edu/Departments/Visual_Art/documents/NavalJelly.pdf | archive-date = 2010-04-15 }}</ref> Cases of [[economically motivated adulteration]], where it has been illegally used to impart a red color to [[chili powder]], have come to the attention of food safety regulators.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Lin |first1=Shuang | name-list-style = vanc |title=Rapid and sensitive SERS method for determination of Rhodamine B in chili powder with paper-based substrates|journal=Analytical Methods|date=2015 |volume=7 |issue=12 |page=5289 |doi=10.1039/c5ay00028a |url=https://www.researchgate.net/publication/278036259|access-date=1 February 2018}}</ref> == See also == *[[Dye laser]] *[[Laser dye]]s *[[Rhodamine]] *[[Rhodamine 6G]] == References == {{reflist}} == Notes == {{Reflist|group=nt|liststyle=lower-alpha|refs= <ref group="nt" name="IHCWorld">{{cite web|url=http://www.ihcworld.com/_technical_tips/solubility_chart.htm|title=Reagent and Dye Solubility Chart|last=Ellis|first=Roy C.|name-list-style=vanc|date=November 16, 2015|publisher=IHCWorld|access-date=9 February 2020|quote=This is to be used as a guide only as solubility data varies between manufacturers for the same product, especially for dyes.|archive-date=30 January 2020|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20200130224644/http://www.ihcworld.com/_technical_tips/solubility_chart.htm|url-status=dead}} Note that most sources simply indicate that the compound is water soluble without providing a g/L value.</ref> }} {{Stains}} [[Category:Microscopy]] [[Category:Microbiology techniques]] [[Category:Laboratory techniques]] [[Category:Histopathology]] [[Category:Histotechnology]] [[Category:Staining dyes]] [[Category:Staining]] [[Category:Rhodamine dyes|*]] [[Category:Laser gain media]] [[Category:Benzoic acids]] [[Category:Aromatic amines]] [[Category:Chlorides]] [[Category:Quaternary ammonium compounds]] [[Category:Triarylmethane dyes]] [[Category:Xanthenes]] [[Category:Diethylamino compounds]] [[Category:Fluorescent dyes]] </textarea><div class="templatesUsed"><div class="mw-templatesUsedExplanation"><p><span id="templatesused">Pages transcluded onto the current version of this page<span class="posteditwindowhelplinks"> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Transclusion" title="Help:Transclusion">help</a>)</span>:</span> </p></div><ul> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Abbr" title="Template:Abbr">Template:Abbr</a> (<a 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