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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Toponymy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Toponymy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Toponymy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_history" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_history"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Early history</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_history-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Middle_Ages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Middle_Ages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Middle Ages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Middle_Ages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Early_Modern_period" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_Modern_period"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Early Modern period</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_Modern_period-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Industrial_Revolution" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Industrial_Revolution"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Industrial Revolution</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Industrial_Revolution-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Inventions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inventions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5.1</span> <span>Inventions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inventions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-industrial_decline" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-industrial_decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Post-industrial decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-industrial_decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Regeneration" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Regeneration"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Regeneration</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Regeneration-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Governance</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Governance-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Governance subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Parliamentary representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-City_centre" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#City_centre"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>City centre</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-City_centre-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Demography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Education-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Education subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-University_and_museum" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#University_and_museum"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>University and museum</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-University_and_museum-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Schools_and_colleges" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Schools_and_colleges"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Schools and colleges</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Schools_and_colleges-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Religion</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_services" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_services"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Public services</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_services-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14.1</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Salford</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">51 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="سالفورد – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سالفورد" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%D9%82" title="سالفورد، منچستر بزرق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="سالفورد، منچستر بزرق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kota_Salford" title="Kota Salford – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Kota Salford" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфард – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Солфард" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфард – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Солфард" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфорд – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Солфорд" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford_(kapital_sa_kondado)" title="Salford (kapital sa kondado) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Salford (kapital sa kondado)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A3%CE%AC%CE%BB%CF%86%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CF%84" title="Σάλφορντ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Σάλφορντ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%8C_%D9%85%D9%86%DA%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D8%B2%D8%B1%DA%AF" title="سالفورد، منچستر بزرگ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سالفورد، منچستر بزرگ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford_(Grut-Manchester)" title="Salford (Grut-Manchester) – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Salford (Grut-Manchester)" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%86%94%ED%8D%BC%EB%93%9C" title="솔퍼드 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="솔퍼드" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%93" title="סלפורד – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סלפורד" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфорд – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Солфорд" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solforda" title="Solforda – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Solforda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salfordas" title="Salfordas – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Salfordas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%AF" title="سالفورد – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="سالفورد" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%90%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94%EA%AF%AD%EA%AF%97" title="ꯁꯥꯜꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯁꯥꯜꯐꯣꯔ꯭ꯗ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford_(Greater_Manchester)" title="Salford (Greater Manchester) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Salford (Greater Manchester)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%95%E3%82%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%89" title="サルフォード – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="サルフォード" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфорд – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Солфорд" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфорд – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Солфорд" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфорд – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Солфорд" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфорд – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Солфорд" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B4" title="Солфорд – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Солфорд" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salford" title="Salford – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Salford" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%A2%E7%88%BE%E7%A6%8F%E5%BE%B7" title="索爾福德 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="索爾福德" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" 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id="mw-indicator-coordinates" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span id="coordinates"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Salford&params=53.483_N_2.2931_W_region:GB_type:city(129794)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°28′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°17′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.4830°N 2.2931°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.4830; -2.2931</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-good-star" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Good_articles*" title="This is a good article. Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in Greater Manchester, England</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the city. For the local government district, see <a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">City of Salford</a>. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Salford_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Salford (disambiguation)">Salford (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City in England</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1165525471">.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place{border-collapse:collapse}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-label{width:40%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-above{font-size:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place-other-names{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding-top:3px}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place td,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-uk-place .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}</style><table class="infobox ib-uk-place vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org nowrap">Salford</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/City" title="City">City</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:312px;max-width:312px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:163px;max-width:163px"><div style="height:107px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchester_Ship_Canal_and_Salford_Quays_(geograph_4555343).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Manchester_Ship_Canal_and_Salford_Quays_%28geograph_4555343%29.jpg/161px-Manchester_Ship_Canal_and_Salford_Quays_%28geograph_4555343%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="161" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Manchester_Ship_Canal_and_Salford_Quays_%28geograph_4555343%29.jpg/242px-Manchester_Ship_Canal_and_Salford_Quays_%28geograph_4555343%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Manchester_Ship_Canal_and_Salford_Quays_%28geograph_4555343%29.jpg/322px-Manchester_Ship_Canal_and_Salford_Quays_%28geograph_4555343%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="427" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:145px;max-width:145px"><div style="height:107px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist,_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3027257.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3027257.jpg/143px-The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3027257.jpg" decoding="async" width="143" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3027257.jpg/215px-The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3027257.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3027257.jpg/286px-The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3027257.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div style="height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Former_Salford_Town_Hall,_Bexley_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3886646.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Former_Salford_Town_Hall%2C_Bexley_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3886646.jpg/152px-Former_Salford_Town_Hall%2C_Bexley_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3886646.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Former_Salford_Town_Hall%2C_Bexley_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3886646.jpg/228px-Former_Salford_Town_Hall%2C_Bexley_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3886646.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Former_Salford_Town_Hall%2C_Bexley_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3886646.jpg/304px-Former_Salford_Town_Hall%2C_Bexley_Square_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3886646.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:154px;max-width:154px"><div style="height:114px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Lowry_Square,_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2617684.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lowry_Square%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2617684.jpg/152px-Lowry_Square%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2617684.jpg" decoding="async" width="152" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lowry_Square%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2617684.jpg/228px-Lowry_Square%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2617684.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Lowry_Square%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2617684.jpg/304px-Lowry_Square%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2617684.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Media_City_UK,_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2712326.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Media_City_UK%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2712326.jpg/130px-Media_City_UK%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2712326.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Media_City_UK%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2712326.jpg/195px-Media_City_UK%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2712326.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Media_City_UK%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2712326.jpg/260px-Media_City_UK%2C_Salford_Quays_-_geograph.org.uk_-_2712326.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="482" /></a></span></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:176px;max-width:176px"><div style="height:97px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ordsall_Hall,_Salford_(geograph_7037183).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ordsall_Hall%2C_Salford_%28geograph_7037183%29.jpg/174px-Ordsall_Hall%2C_Salford_%28geograph_7037183%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="174" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ordsall_Hall%2C_Salford_%28geograph_7037183%29.jpg/261px-Ordsall_Hall%2C_Salford_%28geograph_7037183%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ordsall_Hall%2C_Salford_%28geograph_7037183%29.jpg/348px-Ordsall_Hall%2C_Salford_%28geograph_7037183%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="2912" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div><div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Left to right,</li><li>Top: <a href="/wiki/Salford_Quays" title="Salford Quays">the quays</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salford_Cathedral" title="Salford Cathedral">St John the Evangelist Cathedral</a></li><li>Middle: <a href="/wiki/Salford_Town_Hall" title="Salford Town Hall">the town hall</a> and Lowry Square</li><li>Bottom: <a href="/wiki/MediaCity" class="mw-redirect" title="MediaCity">MediaCity</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ordsall_Hall" title="Ordsall Hall">Ordsall Hall</a></li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:240px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:240px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:240px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Salford is located in Greater Manchester"><img alt="Salford is located in Greater Manchester" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/240px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="240" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/360px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg/480px-Greater_Manchester_UK_location_map_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1425" data-file-height="993" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:57.105%;left:56.322%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Salford"><img alt="Salford" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Salford</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location within <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Area</th><td class="infobox-data">8.1 sq mi (21 km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Population</th><td class="infobox-data">129,794 (<a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2021" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2021">2021 Census</a>)<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/Population_density" title="Population density">Density</a></th><td class="infobox-data">8,981/sq mi (3,468/km<sup>2</sup>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Salfordian</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ordnance_Survey_National_Grid" title="Ordnance Survey National Grid">OS grid reference</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bing.com/maps/?mkt=en-gb&v=2&cp=53.482854~-2.295314&lvl=13&sp=Point.53.482854_-2.295314_Salford&sty=s&style=s">SJ805985</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">• <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a></th><td class="infobox-data">164 mi (264 km) <a href="/wiki/Boxing_the_compass" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxing the compass">SE</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_England" title="Districts of England">Metropolitan borough</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">Salford</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_and_non-metropolitan_counties_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Metropolitan and non-metropolitan counties of England">Metropolitan county</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_England" title="Regions of England">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow adr"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Countries_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Countries of the United Kingdom">Country</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="country-name"><a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states" title="List of sovereign states">Sovereign state</a></th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">City areas in the <a href="/wiki/2011_UK_Census" class="mw-redirect" title="2011 UK Census">2011 UK Census</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Salford" title="Broughton, Salford">Broughton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Greengate,_Salford" title="Greengate, Salford">Greengate</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Irlams_o%27_th%27_Height" title="Irlams o' th' Height">Irlams o' th' Height</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Kersal" title="Kersal">Kersal</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Ordsall,_Greater_Manchester" title="Ordsall, Greater Manchester">Ordsall</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Pendleton, Greater Manchester">Pendleton</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Salford_Quays" title="Salford Quays">Salford Quays</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Seedley" title="Seedley">Seedley</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Weaste" title="Weaste">Weaste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Post_town" title="Post town">Post town</a></th><td class="infobox-data">SALFORD</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postcodes_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Postcodes in the United Kingdom">Postcode district</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/M_postcode_area" title="M postcode area">M3, M5–M7, M50</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Telephone numbers in the United Kingdom">Dialling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0161</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/List_of_law_enforcement_agencies_in_the_United_Kingdom,_Crown_Dependencies_and_British_Overseas_Territories" title="List of law enforcement agencies in the United Kingdom, Crown Dependencies and British Overseas Territories">Police</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Police" title="Greater Manchester Police">Greater Manchester</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Fire_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Fire services in the United Kingdom">Fire</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service">Greater Manchester</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Emergency_medical_services_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Emergency medical services in the United Kingdom">Ambulance</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/North_West_Ambulance_Service" title="North West Ambulance Service">North West</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Constituencies_of_the_Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom">UK Parliament</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Salford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below noprint nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li 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<dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><span class="nobold">List of places</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_Kingdom_locations" title="List of United Kingdom locations">UK</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_England" title="List of places in England">England</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places in Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></dd></dl></div> <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Salford&params=53.483_N_2.2931_W_region:GB_type:city(129794)"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°28′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°17′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.4830°N 2.2931°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.4830; -2.2931</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Salford</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'s' in 'sigh'">s</span><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span><span title="'l' in 'lie'">l</span><span title="'f' in 'find'">f</span><span title="/ər/: 'er' in 'letter'">ər</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">SOL</span>-fərd</i></a>) is a <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city</a> in <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>, England,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> situated on the western bank of the <a href="/wiki/River_Irwell" title="River Irwell">River Irwell</a> which forms its boundary with <a href="/wiki/Manchester_city_centre" title="Manchester city centre">Manchester city centre</a>. Landmarks in the city include the former <a href="/wiki/Salford_Town_Hall" title="Salford Town Hall">town hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salford_Cathedral" title="Salford Cathedral">Salford Cathedral</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salford_Lads%27_Club" title="Salford Lads' Club">Salford Lads' Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/St_Philip%27s_Church,_Salford" title="St Philip's Church, Salford">St Philip's Church</a>. In 2021 it had a population of 129,794. The <a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">demonym</a> for people from Salford is <i>Salfordian</i>. </p><p>Salford is the main settlement of the wider <a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">City of Salford</a> metropolitan borough, which incorporates other towns including <a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swinton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Swinton, Greater Manchester">Swinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Walkden" title="Walkden">Walkden</a>. Nearby towns in other <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan boroughs</a> include <a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Urmston" title="Urmston">Urmston</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bolton" title="Bolton">Bolton</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sale,_Greater_Manchester" title="Sale, Greater Manchester">Sale</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bury,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bury, Greater Manchester">Bury</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prestwich" title="Prestwich">Prestwich</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe,_Greater_Manchester" title="Radcliffe, Greater Manchester">Radcliffe</a>. Salford is represented by the Member of Parilament for the <a href="/wiki/Salford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford constituency</a>, created in 2023. </p><p>Salford was named in the <a href="/wiki/Early_middle_ages" class="mw-redirect" title="Early middle ages">early middle ages</a>, though evidence exists of settlement since <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">neolithic</a> times. It was the seat of the large <a href="/wiki/Hundred_of_Salford" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred of Salford">Hundred of Salford</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a> and was granted a <a href="/wiki/Market_charter" class="mw-redirect" title="Market charter">market charter</a> in about 1230, which gave it primary cultural and commercial importance in the region.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Evolution-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was eventually overtaken by <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Engels74_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engels74-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Salford" title="County Borough of Salford">County Borough of Salford</a> was granted <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> in 1926; the current wider borough was established in 1974.<sup id="cite_ref-SalfordLA_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SalfordLA-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The economy of the city in the 18th and 19th centuries was focused on a major <a href="/wiki/Mill_town" title="Mill town">factory district</a> for cotton and silk <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">spinning</a> and <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a>, and as a major inland port after the opening of <a href="/wiki/Salford_Docks" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford Docks">Salford Docks</a> in 1894. <a href="/wiki/Industrial_decline" class="mw-redirect" title="Industrial decline">Industrial decline</a> in the 20th century led to the city having run-down and antisocial areas.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford has been subject to <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearances" class="mw-redirect" title="Slum clearances">slum clearances</a> and other <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">regeneration</a> programmes since the 1930s. From 2007, multiple media companies set up headquarters at the <a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a> development in <a href="/wiki/Salford_Quays" title="Salford Quays">Salford Quays</a>, an area established in the 1980s on former dockland.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable organisations based in the city include the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">University of Salford</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salford_City_Football_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford City Football Club">Salford City Football Club</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salford_Red_Devils" title="Salford Red Devils">Salford Red Devils</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_North" title="BBC North">BBC North</a> and <a href="/wiki/ITV_Granada" title="ITV Granada">ITV Granada</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Toponymy">Toponymy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Toponymy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The name of Salford derives from <a href="/wiki/Old_English_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Old English language">Old English</a>: <i lang="ang">Sealhford</i>, meaning a <a href="/wiki/Ford_(crossing)" title="Ford (crossing)">ford</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Willow" title="Willow">willows</a>, (also known as sallows), in reference to the trees growing on the banks of the River Irwell.<sup id="cite_ref-Sealhford_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sealhford-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cooper6_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The ford was about where <a href="/wiki/Victoria_Bridge,_Manchester" title="Victoria Bridge, Manchester">Victoria Bridge</a> is today.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Willow trees are still found in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Broughton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Broughton">Lower Broughton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper6_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper6-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford appears in the <a href="/wiki/Pipe_roll" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipe roll">pipe roll</a> of 1169 as "Sauford"<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in the Lancashire Inquisitions of 1226 as "Sainford".<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper12_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_history">Early history</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist,_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1932239.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1932239.jpg/220px-The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1932239.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1932239.jpg/330px-The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1932239.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1932239.jpg/440px-The_Cathedral_Church_of_St_John_the_Evangelist%2C_Salford_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1932239.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salford_Cathedral" title="Salford Cathedral">Salford Cathedral</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hundred_of_Salford.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Hundred_of_Salford.png/220px-Hundred_of_Salford.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="208" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Hundred_of_Salford.png/330px-Hundred_of_Salford.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Hundred_of_Salford.png/440px-Hundred_of_Salford.png 2x" data-file-width="690" data-file-height="652" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Salford_(hundred)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford (hundred)">Hundred of Salford</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Royal_Manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal Manor">Royal Manor</a> of <a href="/wiki/History_of_Anglo-Saxon_England" title="History of Anglo-Saxon England">Anglo-Saxon</a> origin centred on the <a href="/wiki/Demesne" title="Demesne">demesne</a> of Salford.</figcaption></figure> <p>The earliest known evidence of human activity in what is now Salford is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Neolithic" title="Neolithic">Neolithic</a> flint arrow-heads and workings discovered on <a href="/wiki/Kersal_Moor" title="Kersal Moor">Kersal Moor</a> and the River Irwell, suggesting that the area was inhabited 7–10,000 years ago. The raw material for such tools was scarce and unsuitable for working, and as a result they are not of the quality found elsewhere. Other finds include a neolithic axe-hammer found near Mode Wheel, during the excavation of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a> in 1890, and a <a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age" title="Bronze Age">Bronze Age</a> <a href="/wiki/Cremation_urn" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremation urn">cremation urn</a> during the construction of a road on the Broughton Hall estate in 1873.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cooperpp1819_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooperpp1819-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Brigantes" title="Brigantes">Brigantes</a> were the major <a href="/wiki/Celtic_tribes_in_Britain_and_Ireland" class="mw-redirect" title="Celtic tribes in Britain and Ireland">Celtic tribe</a> in what is now <a href="/wiki/Northern_England" title="Northern England">Northern England</a>. With a stronghold at the sandstone outcrop on which <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Cathedral" title="Manchester Cathedral">Manchester Cathedral</a> now stands, opposite Salford's original centre, their territory extended across the fertile lowland by the River Irwell that is now Salford and <a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a>. Following the <a href="/wiki/Roman_conquest_of_Britain" title="Roman conquest of Britain">Roman conquest of Britain</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gnaeus_Julius_Agricola" title="Gnaeus Julius Agricola">General Agricola</a> ordered the construction of a <a href="/wiki/Castra" title="Castra">Roman fort</a> named <i><a href="/wiki/Mamucium" title="Mamucium">Mamucium</a></i> (Manchester) to protect the routes to <i><a href="/wiki/Deva_Victrix" title="Deva Victrix">Deva Victrix</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Chester" title="Chester">Chester</a>) and <i><a href="/wiki/Eboracum" title="Eboracum">Eboracum</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a>) from the Brigantes. Salford was founded when the fort was completed in AD 79,<sup id="cite_ref-Cooperpp1819_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooperpp1819-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and for over 300 years the <i><a href="/wiki/Pax_Romana" title="Pax Romana">Pax Romana</a></i> brought peace to the area. Both the main <a href="/wiki/Roman_road" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman road">Roman road</a> to the north, from Mamucium to <a href="/wiki/Ribchester" title="Ribchester">Ribchester</a>, and a second road to the west, ran through what is now Salford, but few Roman artefacts have been found in the area.<sup id="cite_ref-Vigeonp2_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigeonp2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The withdrawal of the Romans in AD 410 left the inhabitants at the mercy of the <a href="/wiki/Saxons" title="Saxons">Saxons</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Danish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Danish people">Danes</a> later conquered the area and absorbed what was left of the Brigantes.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Middle_Ages">Middle Ages</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Middle Ages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Angles_(tribe)" title="Angles (tribe)">Angles</a> settled in the region during the <a href="/wiki/Early_Middle_Ages" title="Early Middle Ages">Early Middle Ages</a> and gave the locality the name <i>Sealhford</i>, meaning "ford by the willows".<sup id="cite_ref-Sealhford_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sealhford-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to the <i><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a></i>, <i>Sealhford</i> was part of the Kingdom of <a href="/wiki/Northumbria" title="Northumbria">Northumbria</a> until it was conquered in 923 by <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Elder" title="Edward the Elder">Edward the Elder</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Following the emergence of the united <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_England" title="Kingdom of England">Kingdom of England</a>, Salford became a <a href="/wiki/Caput" title="Caput">caput</a> or central manor within a broad rural area in part held by the Kings of England, including <a href="/wiki/Edward_the_Confessor" title="Edward the Confessor">Edward the Confessor</a>. The area between the rivers <a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey</a> and <a href="/wiki/River_Ribble" title="River Ribble">Ribble</a> was divided into six smaller districts, referred to as "wapentakes", or <a href="/wiki/Hundred_(country_subdivision)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred (country subdivision)">hundreds</a>. The south east district became known as the <a href="/wiki/Salford_(hundred)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford (hundred)">Hundred of Salford</a>, a division of land administered from Salford for military and judicial purposes. It contained nine large parishes, smaller parts of two others, and the township of <a href="/wiki/Aspull" title="Aspull">Aspull</a> in the parish of <a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Vigeonp2_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigeonp2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Salford_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Salford-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kenyon166-167_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon166-167-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the defeat of <a href="/wiki/Harold_Godwinson" title="Harold Godwinson">Harold II</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Norman conquest of England">Norman conquest of England</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="William I of England">William I</a> granted the Hundred of Salford to <a href="/wiki/Roger_the_Poitevin" title="Roger the Poitevin">Roger the Poitevin</a>, and in the <i><a href="/wiki/Domesday_Book" title="Domesday Book">Domesday Book</a></i> of 1086 the Hundred of Salford was recorded as covering an area of 350 square miles (906 km<sup>2</sup>) with a population of 35,000.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poitevin created the subordinate <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Township_(England)" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Township (England)">Manor of Manchester</a> out of the hundred, which has since in local government been separate from Salford. Poitevin forfeited the manor in 1102 when he was defeated in a failed rebellion attempt against <a href="/wiki/Henry_I_of_England" title="Henry I of England">Henry I</a>. In around 1115, for their support during the rebellion, Henry I placed the Hundred of Salford under the control of the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Lancaster" title="Earl of Lancaster">Earldom of Lancaster</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Kenyon166-167_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon166-167-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and it is from this exchange that the Hundred of Salford became a <a href="/wiki/Royal_manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Royal manor">royal manor</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Manor">Lord of the Manor</a> was either the <a href="/wiki/List_of_English_monarchs" title="List of English monarchs">English monarch</a>, or a <a href="/wiki/Feudal" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal">feudal</a> land owner who administered the manor for the king.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Evolution-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the reign of <a href="/wiki/Henry_II_of_England" title="Henry II of England">Henry II</a> the Royal Manor of Salford passed to <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_de_Gernon,_4th_Earl_of_Chester" title="Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester">Ranulf de Gernon, 4th Earl of Chester</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenyon166-167_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon166-167-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:OrdsallHall25.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/OrdsallHall25.jpg/220px-OrdsallHall25.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/OrdsallHall25.jpg/330px-OrdsallHall25.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/OrdsallHall25.jpg/440px-OrdsallHall25.jpg 2x" data-file-width="619" data-file-height="338" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ordsall_Hall" title="Ordsall Hall">Ordsall Hall</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Historic_house" title="Historic house">historic house</a> and a former <a href="/wiki/Stately_home" class="mw-redirect" title="Stately home">stately home</a> in <a href="/wiki/Ordsall,_Greater_Manchester" title="Ordsall, Greater Manchester">Ordsall</a>, Salford. It dates back to at least the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a> and was the seat of the Radclyffe family.<sup id="cite_ref-SalfordHistoryHall_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SalfordHistoryHall-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Salford began to emerge as a small town early in the 13th century. In 1228, <a href="/wiki/Henry_III_of_England" title="Henry III of England">Henry III</a> granted the caput of Salford the right to hold a market and an annual fair. The fairs were important to the town; a 17th-century order forced each <a href="/wiki/Burgess_(title)" title="Burgess (title)">burgess</a> – a <a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_City" title="Freedom of the City">freeman of the borough </a> – to attend, but the fairs were abolished during the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Vigeonpp45_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigeonpp45-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Earls of Chester aided the development of the caput, and in 1230 <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_de_Blondeville,_6th_Earl_of_Chester" title="Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester">Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester</a> made Salford a <a href="/wiki/Burgage" title="Burgage">burgage</a>, or free borough.<sup id="cite_ref-Kenyon166-167_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kenyon166-167-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Charter" title="Charter">charter</a> gave its burgesses certain commercial rights, privileges and advantages over traders living outside Salford; one of the 26 clauses of the charter stated that no one could work in the Hundred of Salford unless they also lived in the borough.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Evolution-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cooper12_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper12-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vigeonpp45_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigeonpp45-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford's status as a burgage encouraged an influx of distinguished families, and by the <a href="/wiki/Late_Middle_Ages" title="Late Middle Ages">Late Middle Ages</a> Salford was "rich in its <a href="/wiki/Manor_house" title="Manor house">manor houses</a>", with over 30 within a 5-mile (8 km) radius of <a href="/wiki/Ordsall,_Greater_Manchester" title="Ordsall, Greater Manchester">Ordsall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Evolution-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These included <a href="/wiki/Ordsall_Hall" title="Ordsall Hall">Ordsall Hall</a> (owned by the Radclyffe family) and <a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Broughton, Greater Manchester">Broughton Hall</a>, owned by the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Derby" title="Earl of Derby">Earls of Derby</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Evolution-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Salford_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Salford-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_Modern_period">Early Modern period</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Early Modern period"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">Civil War</a> of 1640–49, Salford supported the <a href="/wiki/Cavalier" title="Cavalier">Royalist</a> cause, in contrast to Manchester just across the Irwell which declared in favour of the <a href="/wiki/Roundheads" class="mw-redirect" title="Roundheads">Parliamentarians</a>. Royalist forces mounted a siege of Manchester across what is now the site of Victoria Bridge, which although short-lived, "did little to improve relations between the two towns". A century later, in 1745, Salford was staunchly in support of <a href="/wiki/Charles_Edward_Stuart" title="Charles Edward Stuart">Bonnie Prince Charlie</a>, in his attempt to seize the <a href="/wiki/Throne_of_England" title="Throne of England">Throne of England</a>. He entered the town at the head of his army and was blessed by the Reverend John Clayton before leaving "in high spirits" to march on London; he returned to Salford in defeat just nine days later.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper23_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper23-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salford has a history of textile processing that pre-dates the <a href="/wiki/Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, and as an old town had been developing for about 700 years.<sup id="cite_ref-Tomlinsonp19_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tomlinsonp19-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Before the introduction of cotton there was a considerable trade in <a href="/wiki/Wool" title="Wool">woollen</a> goods and <a href="/wiki/Fustian" title="Fustian">fustians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McNev42_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNev42-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other <a href="/wiki/Cottage_industries" class="mw-redirect" title="Cottage industries">cottage industries</a> prevalent at this time included <a href="/wiki/Clogging" title="Clogging">clogging</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cobbling" class="mw-redirect" title="Cobbling">cobbling</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weaving" title="Weaving">weaving</a> and brewing.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper31_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper31-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The changes to <a href="/wiki/Textile_manufacture_during_the_Industrial_Revolution" class="mw-redirect" title="Textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution">textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution</a> had a profound effect on both on population and urbanisation, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Socioeconomic" class="mw-redirect" title="Socioeconomic">socioeconomic</a> and cultural conditions of Salford. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Industrial_Revolution">Industrial Revolution</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Industrial Revolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Map_of_Manchester_1801.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Map_of_Manchester_1801.PNG/220px-Map_of_Manchester_1801.PNG" decoding="async" width="220" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Map_of_Manchester_1801.PNG/330px-Map_of_Manchester_1801.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Map_of_Manchester_1801.PNG/440px-Map_of_Manchester_1801.PNG 2x" data-file-width="1059" data-file-height="919" /></a><figcaption>A map of Manchester and Salford in 1801</figcaption></figure> <p>The well-established textile processing and trading infrastructure, and the ready supply of water from the River Irwell and its tributaries, attracted entrepreneurs who built <a href="/wiki/Cotton_mill" title="Cotton mill">cotton mills</a> along the banks of the river in <a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Pendleton, Greater Manchester">Pendleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ordsall,_Greater_Manchester" title="Ordsall, Greater Manchester">Ordsall</a>. Although Salford followed a similar pattern of industrial development to Manchester, most businesses preferred to build their premises on the Manchester side of the Irwell, and consequently Salford did not develop as a commercial centre in the same way as its neighbour.<sup id="cite_ref-McNev42_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNev42-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of these earlier mills had been based on <a href="/wiki/Richard_Arkwright" title="Richard Arkwright">Arkwright</a>-type designs. These relied on strong falls of water, but Salford is on a meander of the Irwell with only a slight gradient and thus mills tended to be built upstream, at Kersal and Pendleton. However, with the introduction of the <a href="/wiki/Steam_engine" title="Steam engine">steam engine</a> in the late 18th century, merchants began to construct mills closer to the centres of Salford and Manchester, where supplies of labour and coal were more readily available (the first steam-powered mill was built in Manchester in 1780). One of the first factories to be built was Philip's and Lee's Twist Mill in Salford,<sup id="cite_ref-McNev42_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNev42-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> completed in 1801, the second iron-framed multi-story building to be erected in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The large Salford Engine Twist Company mill was built to the west of Salford, between Chapel Street and the Irwell, and in 1806 was the first large cotton mill to use gas lighting. Many engineering companies were established in this area, including <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Ellis_and_Company" title="Samuel Ellis and Company">Samuel Ellis and Company</a> at the Irwell Foundry.<sup id="cite_ref-Eade2013_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Eade2013-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was outnumbered by the numerous smaller factories and mills throughout the area, including Nathan Gough's steam-driven mule spinning mill, near Oldfield Road, where a serious accident occurred on 13 October 1824 (see illustration).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nathan_Goughs_steam_driven_mule_spinning_mill_in_Salford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nathan_Goughs_steam_driven_mule_spinning_mill_in_Salford.jpg/220px-Nathan_Goughs_steam_driven_mule_spinning_mill_in_Salford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nathan_Goughs_steam_driven_mule_spinning_mill_in_Salford.jpg/330px-Nathan_Goughs_steam_driven_mule_spinning_mill_in_Salford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Nathan_Goughs_steam_driven_mule_spinning_mill_in_Salford.jpg/440px-Nathan_Goughs_steam_driven_mule_spinning_mill_in_Salford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1768" data-file-height="1380" /></a><figcaption>A woodcut illustrating a serious incident at Nathan Gough's spinning mill in Salford, 1824</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earliest_known_photograph_of_salford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earliest_known_photograph_of_salford.jpg/220px-Earliest_known_photograph_of_salford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earliest_known_photograph_of_salford.jpg/330px-Earliest_known_photograph_of_salford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Earliest_known_photograph_of_salford.jpg/440px-Earliest_known_photograph_of_salford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1590" data-file-height="1139" /></a><figcaption>The earliest known photograph of Salford, taken at the end of the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> in May 1856</figcaption></figure> <p>Canal building provided a further stimulus for Salford's industrial development. The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Canal" title="Bridgewater Canal">Bridgewater Canal</a> in 1761 improved the transport of fuel and raw materials, reducing the price of coal by about 50%.<sup id="cite_ref-Bridgewatercollieries_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bridgewatercollieries-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The later <a href="/wiki/Manchester,_Bolton_%26_Bury_Canal" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester, Bolton & Bury Canal">Manchester, Bolton & Bury Canal</a> (which terminated at Salford) brought more cheap coal from pits at Pendleton, <a href="/wiki/Agecroft_Colliery" title="Agecroft Colliery">Agecroft Colliery</a> and beyond. By 1818 Manchester, Salford and <a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a> had about 80 mills, but it was the completion of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a> in 1894 which triggered Salford's development as a major <a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland port</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-McNev42_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNev42-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salford_Docks" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford Docks">Salford Docks</a>, a major <a href="/wiki/Dock_(maritime)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dock (maritime)">dockland</a> on the Ship Canal 35 miles (56 km) east of the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Sea" title="Irish Sea">Irish Sea</a>, brought employment to over 3,000 labourers.<sup id="cite_ref-McNev46_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNev46-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1914 the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Manchester" title="Port of Manchester">Port of Manchester</a>, most of whose docks were in Salford, had become one of the largest port authorities in the world, handling 5% of the UK's imports and 4.4% of its exports. Commodities handled included cotton, grain, wool, textile machinery and steam locomotives.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For centuries, textiles and related trades were the main source of employment in the town.<sup id="cite_ref-Cooper31_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper31-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bleaching was a widely distributed finishing trade in Salford, carried over from the earlier woollen industry. In the 18th century, before the introduction of chemical bleaching, bleaching fields were commonplace, some very close to the town. In 1773 there were 25 bleachers around Salford, most to the west of the township. Printing was another source of trade; the earliest recorded in the region was a calique printer in the Manchester Parish Register of 1763.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These industries became more important as Salford faced increasing competition from the nearby towns of <a href="/wiki/Bolton" title="Bolton">Bolton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Oldham" title="Oldham">Oldham</a>. As its <a href="/wiki/Spinning_(textiles)" title="Spinning (textiles)">cotton spinning</a> industries faltered its economy turned increasingly to other textiles and to the finishing trades, including <a href="/wiki/Rexine" title="Rexine">rexine</a> and silk dyeing, and fulling and bleaching, at a string of works in Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-McNev42_30-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNev42-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Manchester_Dock_No_9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Manchester_Dock_No_9.jpg/220px-Manchester_Dock_No_9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Manchester_Dock_No_9.jpg/330px-Manchester_Dock_No_9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Manchester_Dock_No_9.jpg/440px-Manchester_Dock_No_9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="788" data-file-height="425" /></a><figcaption>The opening of the <a href="/wiki/Salford_Docks" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford Docks">Salford Docks</a> turned Salford into a major <a href="/wiki/Inland_port" title="Inland port">inland port</a> along the ocean-going <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a>. This site is now occupied by <a href="/wiki/The_Lowry" title="The Lowry">The Lowry</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Both <a href="/wiki/Karl_Marx" title="Karl Marx">Karl Marx</a> and <a href="/wiki/Friedrich_Engels" title="Friedrich Engels">Friedrich Engels</a> spent time in Salford, studying the plight of the British working class. In <i><a href="/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England_in_1844" class="mw-redirect" title="The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844">The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844</a></i>, Engels described Salford as "really one large working-class quarter ... [a] very unhealthy, dirty and dilapidated district which, while other industries were almost always textile related is situated opposite the 'Old Church' of Manchester".<sup id="cite_ref-Engels74_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Engels74-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The effect on Salford of the Industrial Revolution has been described as "phenomenal". The area expanded from a small market town into a major industrial <a href="/wiki/Metropolis" title="Metropolis">metropolis</a>; factories replaced cottage industries, and the population rose from 12,000 in 1812 to 70,244 within 30 years. By the end of the 19th century it had increased to 220,000. Large-scale building of low quality <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian</a> <a href="/wiki/Terraced_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraced housing">terraced housing</a> did not stop overcrowding, which itself led to chronic social deprivation. The density of housing was as high as 80 homes per acre.<sup id="cite_ref-History_of_Salford_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-History_of_Salford-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Cooper35_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cooper35-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Private roads were built for the use of the middle classes moving to the outskirts of Salford. The entrances to such roads, which included Elleray Road in <a href="/wiki/Irlams_o%27_th%27_Height" title="Irlams o' th' Height">Irlams o' th' Height</a>, were often gated, and patrolled.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Inventions">Inventions</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Inventions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salford is credited as the birthplace of the <a href="/wiki/Roller_chain" title="Roller chain">Bush Roller Chain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hans_Renold" title="Hans Renold">Hans Renold</a>, a Swiss-born engineer, came to Salford in the late 19th century. In 1879 he purchased a small textile-chain making business in Ordsall from James Slater and founded the <a href="/wiki/Hans_Renold_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Hans Renold Company">Hans Renold Company</a>, what is now Renold, a firm which still produces chains. Renold invented the bush roller chain shortly after and began producing it. It is the type of chain most commonly used for transmission of mechanical power on bicycles, motorbikes, to industrial and <a href="/wiki/Agricultural_machinery" title="Agricultural machinery">agricultural machinery</a> to uses as varied as rollercoasters and <a href="/wiki/Escalator" title="Escalator">escalators</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-industrial_decline">Post-industrial decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Post-industrial decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Crescent,_Pendleton.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Crescent%2C_Pendleton.jpg/220px-The_Crescent%2C_Pendleton.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Crescent%2C_Pendleton.jpg/330px-The_Crescent%2C_Pendleton.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/The_Crescent%2C_Pendleton.jpg/440px-The_Crescent%2C_Pendleton.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2768" data-file-height="2060" /></a><figcaption>Following the demise of local manufacturing industries, a 1960s regeneration project saw the construction of over 30 <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">tower blocks</a> in the city, replacing many of Salford's former <a href="/wiki/Victorian_architecture" title="Victorian architecture">Victorian</a> slums.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thursfield_Street,_Salford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Thursfield_Street%2C_Salford.jpg/220px-Thursfield_Street%2C_Salford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Thursfield_Street%2C_Salford.jpg/330px-Thursfield_Street%2C_Salford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f4/Thursfield_Street%2C_Salford.jpg/440px-Thursfield_Street%2C_Salford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1126" data-file-height="790" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Housing_Market_Renewal_Initiative" title="Housing Market Renewal Initiative">Housing Market Renewal Initiative</a> has identified Salford as having areas with <a href="/wiki/Terraced_housing" class="mw-redirect" title="Terraced housing">terraced housing</a> unsuited to modern needs.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>During the early 20th century, improvements in regional transport infrastructure precipitated the decline of Salford's existing industries, including those at the <a href="/wiki/Salford_Docks" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford Docks">Salford Docks</a>. Increased foreign competition began to undermine the competitiveness of local textile processing businesses. Life in Salford during the early 20th century was described by Robert Roberts, in his study <i>The Classic Slum</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rising unemployment during the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Great Depression in the United Kingdom">Great Depression</a> of the 1920s and 1930s,<sup id="cite_ref-CooperP41_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CooperP41-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a significant economic decline in the decades following the Second World War contributed toward a fall in Salford's population.<sup id="cite_ref-Renewal_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renewal-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By 1939 local coal mining had almost stopped, and, by 1971, cotton spinning had ceased completely.<sup id="cite_ref-CooperP41_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CooperP41-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1921 and 1939, the population of Salford decreased by 29%, from 234,045 to 166,386,<sup id="cite_ref-visionofbritain_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visionofbritain-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> far greater than the rate of decline within the whole of <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Renewal_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renewal-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salford_Precinct_(7426487346).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Salford_Precinct_%287426487346%29.jpg/170px-Salford_Precinct_%287426487346%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Salford_Precinct_%287426487346%29.jpg/255px-Salford_Precinct_%287426487346%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/39/Salford_Precinct_%287426487346%29.jpg/340px-Salford_Precinct_%287426487346%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salford_Precinct" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford Precinct">Salford Precinct</a> was opened in the 1970s</figcaption></figure> <p>A survey in 1931 concluded that parts of Salford contained some of the worst <a href="/wiki/Slum" title="Slum">slums</a> in the country. Many houses were infested by rats and lacked elementary amenities. Inspectors found that of 950 houses surveyed, 257 were in a state of bad repair with leaking roofs, broken flooring and rotten woodwork. The inspectors were "struck by the courage and perseverance with which the greater number of tenants kept their houses clean and respectable under most adverse conditions".<sup id="cite_ref-CooperP41_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CooperP41-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1933, <a href="/wiki/Slum_clearance_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Slum clearance in the United Kingdom">slum clearance</a> projects were under way,<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and by the end of 1956 over a thousand families had been rehoused in <a href="/wiki/Overspill_estate" title="Overspill estate">overspill estates</a> at <a href="/wiki/Little_Hulton" title="Little Hulton">Little Hulton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These clearances have, for some, changed the character of the area to such an extent that "observers in search of the typical Salford may have to look in Eccles and Swinton, for much of the community and townscape ... has gone from Salford, replaced by tall blocks of flats".<sup id="cite_ref-Clark14_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark14-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Large areas of the city were redeveloped in the 1960s and 1970s, with <a href="/wiki/Victorian_era" title="Victorian era">Victorian era</a> terraced housing estates that inspired painter <a href="/wiki/L._S._Lowry" title="L. S. Lowry">L. S. Lowry</a> and soap opera <i><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Street" title="Coronation Street">Coronation Street</a></i> giving way to concrete <a href="/wiki/Tower_block" title="Tower block">tower blocks</a> and austere architecture.<sup id="cite_ref-Clark14_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Clark14-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford Quays became the site of the second British multiplex when Cannon opened their cinema there in December 1986.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite extensive redevelopment, throughout the 1980s and 1990s the area experienced high levels of deprivation and unemployment, particularly during the recessions of the early years of both decades. This social deprivation was a major factor in the increased levels of <a href="/wiki/Gangs_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Gangs in the United Kingdom">gang crime</a> linked to illegal narcotics, firearms and robberies. This was comparable to the similar issues faced in parts of neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> including <a href="/wiki/Moss_Side" title="Moss Side">Moss Side</a>, as well as areas of the more distant neighbouring city of <a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Organised_crime" class="mw-redirect" title="Organised crime">Organised crime</a> in Salford, particularly in Ordsall and Pendleton, "began to have a disturbing effect on grass roots democracy. Both the Liberal Democrats and the Conservatives announced they would not contest certain Salford wards" because they regarded them as "unsafe" and would put their "party workers at risk".<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford's social amenities and the <a href="/wiki/Nightlife" title="Nightlife">night-time economy</a> folded amid criminal "intimidation", "drug use, fights and demands for money".<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In early 2005, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Latvia" title="Government of Latvia">Government of Latvia</a> appealed to the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">European Union</a> to advise people against travelling to Salford after a Latvian man was stabbed in the head in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Broughton" class="mw-redirect" title="Lower Broughton">Lower Broughton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Latvia_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Latvia-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, a crackdown by <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Police" title="Greater Manchester Police">Greater Manchester Police</a> coupled with investment in, and structural changes to the housing stock, began changing Salford's fortunes;<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> population decline has slowed,<sup id="cite_ref-Renewal_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renewal-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Salford's city councillors have insisted it is a safe place to visit.<sup id="cite_ref-Latvia_53-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Latvia-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2005, a survey by <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> television rated the city as the 9th worst place to live in the United Kingdom, based on criteria of crime, education, environment, lifestyle and employment.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Regeneration">Regeneration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Regeneration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salford_Quays_Media_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Salford_Quays_Media_City.jpg/220px-Salford_Quays_Media_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Salford_Quays_Media_City.jpg/330px-Salford_Quays_Media_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Salford_Quays_Media_City.jpg/440px-Salford_Quays_Media_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2275" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a>. <a href="/wiki/Urban_renewal" title="Urban renewal">Urban renewal</a> in Salford has been focused around <a href="/wiki/Salford_Quays" title="Salford Quays">Salford Quays</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Edge_Apartments_on_The_Irwell.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Edge_Apartments_on_The_Irwell.jpg/170px-The_Edge_Apartments_on_The_Irwell.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Edge_Apartments_on_The_Irwell.jpg/255px-The_Edge_Apartments_on_The_Irwell.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/The_Edge_Apartments_on_The_Irwell.jpg/340px-The_Edge_Apartments_on_The_Irwell.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="4608" /></a><figcaption>Developments in the East of Salford, on the banks of the River Irwell</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Exchange_Court,_2_February_2018.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Exchange_Court%2C_2_February_2018.jpg/220px-Exchange_Court%2C_2_February_2018.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Exchange_Court%2C_2_February_2018.jpg/330px-Exchange_Court%2C_2_February_2018.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Exchange_Court%2C_2_February_2018.jpg/440px-Exchange_Court%2C_2_February_2018.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2406" data-file-height="2406" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Exchange_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchange Court">Exchange Court</a> – the second tallest building in Salford. </figcaption></figure> <p>Salford has suffered from high levels of unemployment, housing, and social problems since around the 1960s, although there are regeneration schemes to reverse its fortunes.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of the high-rise housing blocks from the 1960s and 1970s were demolished during the 1990s, "a sign that the great social engineering schemes (from that period) had failed".<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the high-rises that remain are a striking feature of Salford's landscape. Work was scheduled to begin on the £180 million redevelopment of the Greengate area of Salford in January 2007. The plans include the construction of what will be the two tallest tower blocks in Salford. Plans also include a five-star hotel, a new public square and park, restaurants, cafes and 403 apartments.<sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Work is ongoing to regenerate the area known as Middlewood Locks, with the restored Salford terminus of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Bolton_%26_Bury_Canal" title="Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal">Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal</a> forming the centrepiece of a brand new residential development.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of the <a href="/wiki/Housing_Market_Renewal_Initiative" title="Housing Market Renewal Initiative">Pathfinder</a> initiative, Salford was identified in 2002 as one of nine areas in specific need of investment for new homes. Between 2003 and 2006 £115M was invested in the Manchester and City of Salford housing markets, £44M of which was invested in central Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-60" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rows of terraces in neighbourhoods such as Seedley and Langworthy – once used for the title sequence of <i><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Street" title="Coronation Street">Coronation Street</a></i> – are being compulsorily purchased, demolished and replaced by "modern sustainable accommodation".<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other schemes such as the <i>Charlestown and <a href="/wiki/Kersal" title="Kersal">Lower Kersal</a> New deal for Communities</i>, have concentrated on renovating existing terraced housing stock by block improvement and alleygating, as well as demolishing unsuitable properties and building new facilities, in consultation with the local community.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salford now has many tourist attractions, such as <a href="/wiki/Ordsall_Hall" title="Ordsall Hall">Ordsall Hall</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Canal" title="Bridgewater Canal">Bridgewater Canal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Lowry_Centre" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowry Centre">Lowry Centre</a>, an award-winning theatre and art gallery complex, consisting of two theatres and three art galleries. The centre is named after the artist <a href="/wiki/L._S._Lowry" title="L. S. Lowry">L. S. Lowry</a>, who attended Salford School of Art and lived in nearby <a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a> for 40 years.<sup id="cite_ref-63" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many of his paintings of Salford and Manchester mill scenes, populated with small matchstick-like figures, are on display.<sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A notable regeneration project is <a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK" title="MediaCityUK">MediaCityUK</a>, located at Salford Quays. The development houses <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> departments including <a href="/wiki/CBBC_(TV_channel)" class="mw-redirect" title="CBBC (TV channel)">CBBC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_Sport" title="BBC Sport">BBC Sport</a> and <a href="/wiki/Radio_5_Live" class="mw-redirect" title="Radio 5 Live">Radio 5 Live</a> which moved in 2011 and <a href="/wiki/BBC_Breakfast" title="BBC Breakfast">BBC Breakfast</a>, which moved from London in spring 2012. </p><p>In recent years, various large residential schemes have been built in Salford. A notable development, the £700m <a href="/wiki/Middlewood_Locks" title="Middlewood Locks">Middlewood Locks</a> began construction in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-constructionstarted_65-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-constructionstarted-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Governance">Governance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salfordshire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Salfordshire.png/220px-Salfordshire.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Salfordshire.png/330px-Salfordshire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Salfordshire.png/440px-Salfordshire.png 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>The former <a href="/wiki/Salford_Hundred" title="Salford Hundred">Salford Hundred</a> area mapped over Greater Manchester</figcaption></figure><p>Salford was anciently part of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_(ancient_parish)" title="Manchester (ancient parish)">Manchester parish</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Salford_(hundred)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford (hundred)">Salford Hundred</a>, an area much larger than the present-day city of Salford, within the <a href="/wiki/Historic_counties_of_England" title="Historic counties of England">historic county boundaries</a> of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire" title="Lancashire">Lancashire</a>. A stroke of a <a href="/wiki/Normans" title="Normans">Norman</a> <a href="/wiki/Baron" title="Baron">baron</a>'s pen is said to have divorced Manchester and Salford, although it was not Salford that became separated from Manchester, but Manchester, with its humbler line of <a href="/wiki/Lord" title="Lord">lords</a>, that was separated from Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Evolution-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford received its town charter from <a href="/wiki/Ranulf_de_Blondeville,_6th_Earl_of_Chester" title="Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester">Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Manor" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Manor">Lord of the Manor</a>, in 1230.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From then until 1791, when police commissioners were appointed, it was governed by a <a href="/wiki/Reeve_(England)" title="Reeve (England)">reeve</a>, a medieval administrator and law enforcement official.<sup id="cite_ref-67" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was not recognised as a borough in the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act 1835</a>, but was granted <a href="/wiki/Municipal_borough" title="Municipal borough">borough status</a> in 1844; the new Salford borough was made up of the township of Salford and part of <a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Broughton, Greater Manchester">Broughton</a>. The remainder of Broughton, the township of <a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Pendleton, Greater Manchester">Pendleton</a>, and a small part of <a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a> were added in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_66-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the <a href="/wiki/Administrative_counties_of_England" title="Administrative counties of England">administrative county</a> of Lancashire was created by the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1888" title="Local Government Act 1888">Local Government Act 1888</a>, Salford was elevated to become the <a href="/wiki/County_Borough_of_Salford" title="County Borough of Salford">County Borough of Salford</a> and was, in modern terms, a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> area exempt from the administration of <a href="/wiki/Lancashire_County_Council" title="Lancashire County Council">Lancashire County Council</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_66-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Following a campaign supported by <a href="/wiki/William_Joynson-Hicks" class="mw-redirect" title="William Joynson-Hicks">William Joynson-Hicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Home_Secretary" title="Home Secretary">Home Secretary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP) for a neighbouring constituency of Manchester, <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="City status in the United Kingdom">city status</a> was granted to the county borough by <a href="/wiki/Letters_patent" title="Letters patent">letters patent</a> dated 21 April 1926.<sup id="cite_ref-68" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This was in spite of the opposition of civil servants in the <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> who dismissed the borough as "merely a scratch collection of 240,000 people cut off from Manchester by the river".<sup id="cite_ref-69" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1961, a small part of the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Borough_of_Eccles" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipal Borough of Eccles">Municipal Borough of Eccles</a> was added to the city,<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_66-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in 1966, Salford was <a href="/wiki/Town_twinning" class="mw-redirect" title="Town twinning">twinned</a> with <a href="/wiki/Clermont-Ferrand" title="Clermont-Ferrand">Clermont-Ferrand</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-70" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1974 the City and County Borough of Salford was abolished under the <a href="/wiki/Local_Government_Act_1972" title="Local Government Act 1972">Local Government Act 1972</a>, and was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_borough" title="Metropolitan borough">metropolitan borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">City of Salford</a>, a local government district of the new <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_county" title="Metropolitan county">metropolitan county</a> of <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-GM_Gazetteer_66-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GM_Gazetteer-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with triple the territory of the former City of Salford, taking in neighbouring Eccles, Swinton and Pendlebury, and Worsley and Irlam.<sup id="cite_ref-McNev42_30-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McNev42-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Both Salford and the wider City of Salford are <a href="/wiki/Unparished_area" title="Unparished area">unparished areas</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_representation">Parliamentary representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Parliamentary representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salford is represented by the Member of Parilament (MP) for the <a href="/wiki/Salford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford constituency</a>, which was (re)created in 2023 and first used in the <a href="/wiki/2024_UK_general_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2024 UK general election">2024 UK general election</a>. Its MP is <a href="/wiki/Rebecca_Long-Bailey" title="Rebecca Long-Bailey">Rebecca Long-Bailey</a>, who served as a <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> MP in Salford since 2015.<sup id="cite_ref-UKP_71-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKP-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of 2024<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit">[update]</a></sup> she sits as an independent MP, after Labour suspended her for voting against a cap on child benefits, contradicting the <a href="/wiki/Party_whip" class="mw-redirect" title="Party whip">party whip</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UKP_71-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UKP-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-72" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salford was enfranchised as a <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_borough" class="mw-redirect" title="Parliamentary borough">parliamentary borough</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Reform_Act_1832" title="Reform Act 1832">Great Reform Act of 1832</a>, returning a single <a href="/wiki/Member_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Member of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Member of Parliament</a> (MP).<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been subject to numerous constituency changes throughout history. From 1868 it returned two MPs to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a> until the <a href="/wiki/Redistribution_of_Seats_Act_1885" title="Redistribution of Seats Act 1885">Redistribution of Seats Act 1885</a>, when the constituency was split into three single-member divisions: <a href="/wiki/Salford_North_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford North (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford North</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salford_South_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford South (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford South</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salford_West_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford West (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford West</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-74" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-75" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-76" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boundaries changed again under the provisions of the <a href="/wiki/Representation_of_the_People_Act_1948" title="Representation of the People Act 1948">Representation of the People Act 1948</a> when the constituencies were reorganised into <a href="/wiki/Salford_East_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford East (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford East</a> and Salford West.<sup id="cite_ref-77" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> From 1997, Salford lay within a reconstituted <a href="/wiki/Salford_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford parliamentary constituency</a>. From the <a href="/wiki/2010_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="2010 United Kingdom general election">general election of 2010</a>, Salford (excluding Broughton and Kersal) was part of the new constituency of <a href="/wiki/Salford_and_Eccles_(UK_Parliament_constituency)" title="Salford and Eccles (UK Parliament constituency)">Salford and Eccles</a><sup id="cite_ref-78" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> until it was replaced again with the Salford constituency by the <a href="/wiki/2023_periodic_review_of_Westminster_constituencies" title="2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies">2023 periodic review of Westminster constituencies</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Geography of Greater Manchester">Geography of Greater Manchester</a></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighbouring_towns,_villages_and_places." style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Adjacent_communities" title="Template talk:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent_communities" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Adjacent communities"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighbouring_towns,_villages_and_places." style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><b>Neighbouring towns, villages and places.</b></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Worsley" title="Worsley">Worsley</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Swinton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Swinton, Greater Manchester">Swinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prestwich" title="Prestwich">Prestwich</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Salford</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><p> At <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Salford&params=53_28_59_N_2_17_35_W_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">53°28′59″N</span> <span class="longitude">2°17′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">53.48306°N 2.29306°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">53.48306; -2.29306</span></span></span></a></span></span> (53.483°, −2.2931°), and 205 miles (330 km) northwest of <a href="/wiki/Central_London" title="Central London">central London</a>, Salford stands about 177 feet (54 m) above sea level,<sup id="cite_ref-79" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on relatively flat ground to the west of a <a href="/wiki/Meander" title="Meander">meander</a> of the River Irwell – the city's main <a href="/wiki/Topography" title="Topography">topographical</a> feature. In 1904, Salford was recorded as "within a great loop of the River Irwell ... roughly three-quarters of a mile from north to south and one mile from east to west".<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford is contiguous with <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a>, and has been described "in participation of its trade, and for all other practical purposes, an integral part of it; presents a near resemblance to it in streets and edifices; contains several public buildings and a great public park, which belong fully more to Manchester than to itself".<sup id="cite_ref-Vision_of_Salford_81-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vision_of_Salford-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Greengate, the original centre of Salford, is located at a fording point on the river opposite <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Cathedral" title="Manchester Cathedral">Manchester Cathedral</a>. In 1969 <a href="/wiki/Nikolaus_Pevsner" title="Nikolaus Pevsner">Nikolaus Pevsner</a> wrote: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>That [neighbouring] <a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a> and Salford are not administratively one with Manchester is one of the most curious anomalies of England.<sup id="cite_ref-Flemish_82-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flemish-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Nikolaus Pevsner, <i>Lancashire, The Industrial and Commercial South, 1969</i></cite></div></blockquote> <table class="infobox" style="width: 19.5em; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: solid 1px silver" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th>Salford </th></tr> <tr><th style="font-size: 90%">Climate chart (<a href="/wiki/Template:Climate_chart/How_to_read_a_climate_chart" title="Template:Climate chart/How to read a climate chart">explanation</a>)</th></tr> <tr><td><table class="infobox" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">F</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">M</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">J</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">A</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">S</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">O</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">N</div></td> <td><div style="width:1.5em;text-align:center;">D</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">70</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.2em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.2em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">6</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">50</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.2em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">1</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.2em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">60</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">3</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">50</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.2em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">60</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">15</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">70</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.6em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">18</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">10</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">70</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">20</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">12</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">70</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">17</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">10</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">14</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.1em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">8</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">9</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">4</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">80</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust: exact;color-adjust: exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.4em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.4em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">7</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.9em; left:-.4em;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:right"><span style="font-size:80%">2</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °C</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in mm</td></tr><tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em">Source: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050911082508/http://weather.yahoo.com/climo/UKXX0129_c.html"><i>Records and averages</i></a>, Yahoo! Weather, 2008, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weather.yahoo.com/climo/UKXX0129_c.html">the original</a> on 11 September 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Records+and+averages&rft.pub=Yahoo%21+Weather&rft.date=2008&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweather.yahoo.com%2Fclimo%2FUKXX0129_c.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr> <tr><td> <table class="infobox mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="width: 100%; margin: 0; float: right; clear: right; text-align: center; border: none; font-size: 90%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr><th colspan="12">Imperial conversion</th></tr> <tr><td>J</td><td>F</td><td>M</td><td>A</td><td>M</td><td>J</td><td>J</td><td>A</td><td>S</td><td>O</td><td>N</td><td>D</td></tr> <tr> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.2em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.2em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">43</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.2em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">45</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.7em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">34</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.2em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">37</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.2em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.4</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">59</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">45</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.6em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">64</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">50</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10.4em;height:1.6em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:12em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">68</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">54</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.4em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">2.8</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:10em;height:1.4em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:11.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">63</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.5em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">50</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:9.6em;height:1.2em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:10.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">57</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:8.1em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">46</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.8em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.8em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">48</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:7.3em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">39</span></div> </div></td> <td><div style="width:1.6em;height:17em;position:relative;padding:0;margin:0"> <div style="height:0em;bottom:2em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #abc;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="background:#ace;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;bottom:2em;left:.2em;width:1.2em;height:1.6em;overflow:hidden"> </div> <div style="color:blue;position:absolute;bottom:.5em;left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:70%">3.1</span></div> <div style="height:0em;bottom:8em;width:1.6em;position:absolute;left:0;border-bottom:dotted 1px #cba;padding:0;margin:0"> </div> <div style="overflow:hidden;background:#e44;-webkit-print-color-adjust:exact;color-adjust:exact;position:absolute;left:.4em;width:0.8em;bottom:8.4em;height:1em;"> </div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:9.4em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">45</span></div> <div style="color:red;position:absolute;bottom:6.9em; left:0;width:1.6em;height:1.5em;text-align:center"><span style="font-size:80%">36</span></div> </div></td> </tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: red; background-color: red">█</span> Average max. and min. temperatures in °F</td></tr> <tr><td colspan="12" style="padding: 2px; text-align: left; line-height: 1.5em"><span style="color: #aaccee; background-color: #aaccee">█</span> Precipitation totals in inches</td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Irwell, sourced at <a href="/wiki/Cliviger" title="Cliviger">Cliviger</a> in Lancashire, flows from the north and for a distance forms the statutory boundary between Salford and Manchester. Flooding has historically been a problem and the Irwell has seen much modification along its course in Salford with some bends being removed, <a href="/wiki/Channelization_(rivers)" class="mw-redirect" title="Channelization (rivers)">channelisation</a>, and the construction of <a href="/wiki/Levees" class="mw-redirect" title="Levees">levees</a> and bank reinforcements.<sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hampson-4-vi_84-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hampson-4-vi-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford has expanded along the river valley to the north and south and on to higher ground on the valley sides at <a href="/wiki/Irlams_o%27_th%27_Height" title="Irlams o' th' Height">Irlams o' th' Height</a> and <a href="/wiki/Higher_Broughton" class="mw-redirect" title="Higher Broughton">Higher Broughton</a>. Unconsolidated glacial deposits along the riverbank at Broughton have caused several landslides along the riverbank. The City Engineer's Department of the City of Salford recorded one such incident near Great Clowes Street in February 1882, and others in 1886, 1887 and 1888. In 1892 the road was propped with timber supports. The tram service along the road was discontinued in 1925, and the road closed to mechanically propelled vehicles in January 1926. Further slips saw the road closed completely in July 1933, and although no substantial movements have been recorded since 1948 slow subsidence around the Cliff continues to this day.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SalfordSkyline.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Image of the skyline of Salford, from a distance" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/SalfordSkyline.jpg/300px-SalfordSkyline.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/SalfordSkyline.jpg/450px-SalfordSkyline.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/SalfordSkyline.jpg/600px-SalfordSkyline.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="302" /></a><figcaption>Salford's cityscape from <a href="/wiki/Hartshead_Pike" title="Hartshead Pike">Hartshead Pike</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Salford's built environment is made up of a range of building stock. Some inner-city areas are noted for chronic <a href="/wiki/Urban_decay" title="Urban decay">urban decay</a>. Salford's housing stock is characterised by an oversupply of older, smaller terraced housing and flatted accommodation that declined in value during the late 20th century. As demand fell, it left many owners in <a href="/wiki/Negative_equity" title="Negative equity">negative equity</a> and often without the means to maintain their homes in reasonable condition. As a result, much of the built environment is poor.<sup id="cite_ref-Renewal_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renewal-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Land use in Salford is overwhelmingly urban, with a number of green spaces. The largest is <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kersal_Dale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kersal Dale (page does not exist)">Kersal Dale</a> country park, which covers about 32 hectares (0.32 km<sup>2</sup>).<sup id="cite_ref-86" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-86"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>86<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others include Kersal Moor in Higher Kersal, The Meadow, <a href="/wiki/Peel_Park,_Salford" title="Peel Park, Salford">Peel Park</a> and the adjacent David Lewis Recreation Ground close to the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">University of Salford</a>, and Albert Park and Clowes Park in Broughton. The territory of Salford is contiguous with other towns on all sides, and as defined by the <a href="/wiki/Office_for_National_Statistics" title="Office for National Statistics">Office for National Statistics</a> forms the sixth-largest settlement in the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Urban_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Manchester Urban Area">Greater Manchester Urban Area</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-87" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-87"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>87<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-88" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-88"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>88<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/List_of_conurbations_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="List of conurbations in the United Kingdom">United Kingdom's second-largest conurbation</a>. The <a href="/wiki/M602_motorway" title="M602 motorway">M602 motorway</a> enters Salford from <a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a> to the west. The <a href="/wiki/A580_road" title="A580 road">A580 "East Lancashire Road"</a> terminates at Salford, entering the area from <a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="City_centre">City centre</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: City centre"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salford is polycentric (has more than one centre). The main city centre could be considered to be located around Bexley Square near where the town hall and cathedral are located. However, its main shopping centres are <a href="/wiki/Salford_Shopping_Centre" title="Salford Shopping Centre">Salford Shopping Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Pendleton, Greater Manchester">Pendleton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salford_Quays" title="Salford Quays">Salford Quays</a>. As the city has expanded and incorporated <a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Walkden" title="Walkden">Walkden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Swinton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Swinton, Greater Manchester">Swinton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a>, there are now retail and economic centres belonging to these towns. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demography">Demography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Demography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Demographics of Greater Manchester">Demographics of Greater Manchester</a></div> <table class="wikitable" style="float: right; margin-left: 2em; width: 40%; font-size: 90%;" cellspacing="3"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="4"><b>Salford compared</b> </th></tr> <tr> <td><b>2001 UK census</b></td> <td><b>Salford</b><sup id="cite_ref-2001_census_89-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2001_census-89"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>89<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><b>City of Salford</b><sup id="cite_ref-Salford_neighbourhood_stats_90-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford_neighbourhood_stats-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td> <td><b>England</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Total population</td> <td>72,750</td> <td>210,145</td> <td>49,138,831 </td></tr> <tr> <td>White</td> <td>93.9%</td> <td>96.1%</td> <td>91% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian</td> <td>1.9%</td> <td>1.4%</td> <td>4.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black</td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>1.2%</td> <td>2.3% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>As of the <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Census_2001" class="mw-redirect" title="United Kingdom Census 2001">2001 UK census</a>, Salford had a population of 72,750. The 2001 population density was 9,151 per mi<sup>2</sup> (3,533 per km<sup>2</sup>), with a 100 to 98.4 female-to-male ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-91" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-91"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>91<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those over 16 years age, 44.0% were single (never married) and 36.7% married.<sup id="cite_ref-92" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-92"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>92<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford's 32,576 households included 44.1% one-person, 22.0% married couples living together, 7.6% were <a href="/wiki/Cohabitation" title="Cohabitation">co-habiting</a> couples, and 13.3% single parents with their children.<sup id="cite_ref-93" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-93"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>93<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Of those aged 16–74, 37.3% had no <a href="/wiki/Education_in_England#Specialist_qualifications" title="Education in England">academic qualifications</a>, similar to that of 35.5% in all of the City of Salford but significantly higher than 28.9% in all of England.<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_neighbourhood_stats_90-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford_neighbourhood_stats-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Qualifications2001_94-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qualifications2001-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 15.9% of Salford's residents aged 16–74 had an educational qualification such as first degree, higher degree, qualified teacher status, qualified medical doctor, qualified dentist, qualified nurse, midwife, health visitor, etc. compared to 20% nationwide.<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_neighbourhood_stats_90-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford_neighbourhood_stats-90"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>90<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Qualifications2001_94-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qualifications2001-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a result of 19th-century industrialisation, Salford has had <i>"a special place in the history of the British working class"</i>; together with Manchester it had the world's <i>"first fully formed industrial working class"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Workers1_95-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Workers1-95"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>95<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford has not, in general, attracted the same minority ethnic and cosmopolitan communities as in other parts of Greater Manchester,<sup id="cite_ref-CooperP41_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CooperP41-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although it did attract significant numbers of Irish in the mid-19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-Workers11_96-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Workers11-96"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>96<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many migrated to Salford because of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Hunger" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Hunger">the Great Hunger</a></i> in Ireland combined with Salford's reputation as a hub for employment in its factories and docks.<sup id="cite_ref-97" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-97"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>97<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1848, <a href="/wiki/Salford_Cathedral" title="Salford Cathedral">Salford Roman Catholic Cathedral</a> opened, reflecting the large Irish-born community in Salford at that time.<sup id="cite_ref-98" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-98"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>98<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the decades following the Second World War, Salford experienced significant population decline, as residents followed employment opportunities to other locations in Greater Manchester, taking advantage of a greater choice in the type and location of housing.<sup id="cite_ref-Renewal_45-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Renewal-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto; width:70%; border:0; text-align:center; line-height:120%;"> <tbody><tr> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Year </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1901 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1911 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1921 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1931 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1939 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1951 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1961 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1971 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1981 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">1991 </th> <th style="background:#fff; color:navy;">2001 </th></tr> <tr style="text-align:center;"> <th style="background:#9cc; color:navy; height:17px;">Population </th> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">162,452 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">172,998 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">234,045 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">223,438 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">166,386 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">178,194 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">155,090 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">131,006 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">98,343 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">79,755 </td> <td style="background:#fff; color:black;">72,750 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="12" style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"> <p>County Borough 1901–1971<sup id="cite_ref-visionofbritain_46-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-visionofbritain-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> •  Urban Subdivision 1981–2001<sup id="cite_ref-99" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-99"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>99<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-100" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-100"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>100<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-101" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-101"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>101<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In 2011, Salford had a population of 103,886,<sup id="cite_ref-102" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-102"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>102<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is about the same size as <a href="/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale">Rochdale</a>. The population increased from 72,750 in the previous census, mainly due to boundary changes. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Salford compared 2011 </th> <th>Salford USD </th> <th>Salford Borough </th></tr> <tr> <td>White British </td> <td>77.3% </td> <td>84.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Asian </td> <td>5.5% </td> <td>4.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Black </td> <td>4.6% </td> <td>2.8% </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><sup id="cite_ref-103" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-103"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>103<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-104" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-104"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>104<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2011, 22.7% of the population in the Salford USD (Urban Subdivision) were non-white British, compared with 15.6% for the surrounding borough. The USD had a slightly larger percentage of Asian and black people. Salford has become a lot more ethnically diverse since the previous census, mostly due to boundary changes, but also due to the relocation of many <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> departments from London between 2011 and 2012. This has created many jobs and encouraged migration to the area, which was previously very deprived since the loss of many traditional industries in the 20th century. </p><p>According to the 2001 UK census, the industry of employment of Salford's residents aged 16–74 was 18.0% retail and wholesale, 14.4% property and business services, 12.3% manufacturing, 11.7% health and social work, 8.6% education, 7.3% transport and communications, 6.8% hotels and restaurants, 5.8% construction, 4.4% finance, 4.2% public administration, 0.6% energy and water supply, 0.3% agriculture, 0.1% mining, and 5.7% other. Compared with national figures, Salford had a relatively low percentage of residents working in agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-105" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-105"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>105<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The census recorded the economic activity of residents aged 16–74, 4.4% students were with jobs, 9.1% students without jobs, 6.3% looking after home or family, 11.2% permanently sick or disabled, and 4.8% economically inactive for other reasons.<sup id="cite_ref-Qualifications2001_94-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Qualifications2001-94"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>94<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The proportion of students economically active in Salford was higher than the City of Salford and England averages (3.0% and 2.6% respectively); the same is true for economically inactive students (5.1% in City of Salford and 4.7% in England). The rest of the figures were roughly inline with national trends.<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_economic_activity_106-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford_economic_activity-106"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>106<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks">Landmarks</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_tallest_buildings_and_structures_in_Salford" title="List of tallest buildings and structures in Salford">List of tallest buildings and structures in Salford</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Millennium_Footbridge_20180506_124356_(49825498111).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Millennium_Footbridge_20180506_124356_%2849825498111%29.jpg/220px-Millennium_Footbridge_20180506_124356_%2849825498111%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Millennium_Footbridge_20180506_124356_%2849825498111%29.jpg/330px-Millennium_Footbridge_20180506_124356_%2849825498111%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Millennium_Footbridge_20180506_124356_%2849825498111%29.jpg/440px-Millennium_Footbridge_20180506_124356_%2849825498111%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lowry_Bridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Lowry Bridge">Lowry Bridge</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Salford has a series of bridges over the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a> and onto the <a href="/wiki/River_Irwell" title="River Irwell">River Irwell</a>, including the Grade II listed <a href="/wiki/Blackfriars_Bridge,_Manchester" title="Blackfriars Bridge, Manchester">Blackfriars Bridge</a>, completed in 1820.<sup id="cite_ref-107" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-107"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>107<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The settlement is dominated by the several <a href="/wiki/Railway_viaducts" class="mw-redirect" title="Railway viaducts">railway viaducts</a> built in the 19th century.<sup id="cite_ref-108" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-108"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>108<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-109" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-109"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>109<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another Grade II* listed building, <a href="/wiki/Salford_Cathedral" title="Salford Cathedral">Salford Cathedral</a>, is a decorated <a href="/wiki/Neo-Gothic" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Gothic">neo-Gothic</a> <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a> church built between 1844 and 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-110" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-110"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>110<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford (Old) Town Hall, situated in Bexley Square off Chapel Street, is a <a href="/wiki/Neoclassical_architecture" title="Neoclassical architecture">Neo-classical</a> brick building dressed in stone, designed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Lane_(architect)" title="Richard Lane (architect)">Richard Lane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-111" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-111"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>111<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Closer to Manchester, the tower of the Church of the Sacred Trinity dates from 1635, the main building from 1752. It was restored between 1871 and 1874.<sup id="cite_ref-112" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-112"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>112<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public swimming baths were provided, on Blackfriars Road. Now in commercial use, the two-storey building was constructed in about 1890 from brick, with terracotta dressings and a part-glazed roof.<sup id="cite_ref-113" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-113"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>113<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The University of Salford campus, visible partly from the Crescent, contains a number of interesting buildings including the Royal Art Gallery and the Peel Building.<sup id="cite_ref-114" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-114"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>114<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-115" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-115"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>115<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kersal_Cell.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kersal_Cell.JPG/220px-Kersal_Cell.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kersal_Cell.JPG/330px-Kersal_Cell.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Kersal_Cell.JPG/440px-Kersal_Cell.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kersal_Cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Kersal Cell">Kersal Cell</a></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Kersal_Cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Kersal Cell">Kersal Cell</a> is a Grade II* listed 16th-century timber-framed manor house, currently in use as a private residence.<sup id="cite_ref-116" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-116"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>116<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of Salford's oldest buildings is the <a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade I listed</a> <a href="/wiki/Ordsall_Hall" title="Ordsall Hall">Ordsall Hall</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Tudor_style_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="Tudor style architecture">Tudor mansion</a> and former <a href="/wiki/Stately_home" class="mw-redirect" title="Stately home">stately home</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Ordsall,_Greater_Manchester" title="Ordsall, Greater Manchester">Ordsall</a>. It dates back over 750 years, although the oldest surviving parts of the present hall were built in the 15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-117" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-117"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>117<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salford_lads_club.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Salford_lads_club.jpg/170px-Salford_lads_club.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Salford_lads_club.jpg/255px-Salford_lads_club.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Salford_lads_club.jpg/340px-Salford_lads_club.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2336" data-file-height="3504" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salford_Lads%27_Club" title="Salford Lads' Club">Salford Lads' Club</a>, on the corner of St. Ignatius Walk and Coronation Street, Ordsall</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Salford_Lads%27_Club" title="Salford Lads' Club">Salford Lads' Club</a> is a recreational club established in 1903 and located in <a href="/wiki/Ordsall,_Greater_Manchester" title="Ordsall, Greater Manchester">Ordsall</a>. It is a <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed building</a> and gained international fame in 1986 when the pop band <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">The Smiths</a> posed in front of it for the inside cover of their album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_Is_Dead" title="The Queen Is Dead">The Queen Is Dead</a></i>. A report by <a href="/wiki/English_Heritage" title="English Heritage">English Heritage</a> said "The building is thought to be the most complete example of this rare form of social provision to survive in England."<sup id="cite_ref-118" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-118"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>118<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, the <i><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Evening_News" title="Manchester Evening News">Manchester Evening News</a></i> reported that the club was third in a nationwide hunt to find the most iconic buildings in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-119" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-119"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>119<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Northern_Rail_142_048_Salford_Central.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="An orange painted train with two carriages leaving a railway platform." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Northern_Rail_142_048_Salford_Central.jpg/220px-Northern_Rail_142_048_Salford_Central.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Northern_Rail_142_048_Salford_Central.jpg/330px-Northern_Rail_142_048_Salford_Central.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Northern_Rail_142_048_Salford_Central.jpg/440px-Northern_Rail_142_048_Salford_Central.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1800" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/British_Rail_Class_142" title="British Rail Class 142">British Rail Class 142</a> train departing from <a href="/wiki/Salford_Central_railway_station" title="Salford Central railway station">Salford Central railway station</a></figcaption></figure> <p>One of the earliest transport schemes in Salford was constructed by the <a href="/wiki/Turnpike_trust" title="Turnpike trust">Salford to Wigan Turnpike trust</a>, by an Act of Parliament of 1753.<sup id="cite_ref-120" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-120"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>120<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Turnpike roads had a huge impact on the nature of business transport around the region. <a href="/wiki/Packhorse" title="Packhorse">Packhorses</a> were superseded by <a href="/wiki/Wagon" title="Wagon">wagons</a>, and merchants would no longer accompany their caravans to markets and fairs, instead sending agents with samples, and dispatching the goods at a later date.<sup id="cite_ref-121" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-121"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>121<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, road transport was not without its problems, and in 1808 the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Bolton_%26_Bury_Canal" title="Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal">Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal</a> was connected to the River Irwell. In the main a coal-carrying canal, it provided a valuable boost to the economies of Salford and Manchester,<sup id="cite_ref-122" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-122"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>122<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a large number of wharves at its terminus in Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-123" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-123"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>123<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sixteen years later <a href="/wiki/John_Greenwood_d.1851" class="mw-redirect" title="John Greenwood d.1851">John Greenwood</a> started the first <a href="/wiki/Horse-drawn_vehicle" title="Horse-drawn vehicle">bus</a> operation from <a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Pendleton, Greater Manchester">Pendleton</a> to <a href="/wiki/Market_Street,_Manchester" title="Market Street, Manchester">Market Street</a>, Manchester.<sup id="cite_ref-124" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-124"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>124<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Liverpool_%26_Manchester_Railway" class="mw-redirect" title="Liverpool & Manchester Railway">Liverpool & Manchester Railway</a> – the world's first <a href="/wiki/Steam_locomotive" title="Steam locomotive">steam driven</a> inter-city passenger railway – opened through Salford on 15 September 1830. The railway was primarily built to provide faster transport of materials and goods between the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Liverpool" title="Port of Liverpool">Port of Liverpool</a> and <a href="/wiki/Factory" title="Factory">mills</a> in Manchester and surrounding towns, and stopped along the route at <a href="/wiki/Ordsall_Lane_railway_station" title="Ordsall Lane railway station">Ordsall Lane railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-125" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-125"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>125<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Almost eight years later the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Bolton_Railway" title="Manchester and Bolton Railway">Manchester and Bolton Railway</a> was opened, terminating at <a href="/wiki/Salford_Central_railway_station" title="Salford Central railway station">Salford Central railway station</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-126" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-126"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>126<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tram_lines_salford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Tramlines running along a cobbled road in Broughton." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tram_lines_salford.jpg/220px-Tram_lines_salford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tram_lines_salford.jpg/330px-Tram_lines_salford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/Tram_lines_salford.jpg/440px-Tram_lines_salford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3522" data-file-height="2348" /></a><figcaption>Tram services once criss-crossed Salford. Due to landslips further along the road, this section of line in <a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Broughton, Greater Manchester">Broughton</a> is still visible.</figcaption></figure> <p>By 1801 the population of both Manchester and Salford was about 94,000. By 1861 this had risen to about 460,000, and so in the same year John Greenwood Jr. made an application to Salford Borough Council and to the Pendleton Turnpike Trust, to build a tramway from Pendleton to Albert Bridge in Salford. The system was innovative in that the rails were designed to be 'flush' with the road surface, with a third central rail to accommodate a perambulator wheel attached to the front axle of the omnibus. Approval was granted and work commenced immediately, with the horse-pulled tramway finished in September 1861. It remained in use for a further eleven years when the condition of the track had deteriorated such that the council ordered it removed. The <a href="/wiki/Tramways_Act_1870" title="Tramways Act 1870">Tramways Act 1870</a> (<a href="/wiki/33_%26_34_Vict." class="mw-redirect" title="33 & 34 Vict.">33 & 34 Vict.</a> c. 78) allowed councils to construct their own tramways, and on 17 May 1877 the 'Manchester and Salford Tramways' opened for business. The network of lines was largely complete by September 1880, the company changed its name to the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Carriage_%26_Tramways_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Manchester Carriage & Tramways Company">Manchester Carriage & Tramways Company</a>, and the system reached its peak in the 1890s. A steam tramway was opened on 12 April 1883 from Bury to Higher Broughton. The vehicles provoked letters of complaints from residents about the associated noise, dirt, and grease, and by 1888 the route was eventually curtailed to <a href="/wiki/Besses_o%27_th%27_Barn" title="Besses o' th' Barn">Besses o' th' Barn</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-127" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-127"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>127<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Electric trams were a common sight in early 20th century Salford, and had from 1901 replaced the earlier horse-drawn vehicles. A network of lines crossed the region, with coordinated services running through Salford, Manchester and the surrounding areas. Many served the new suburban housing and industrial developments built at the time, but in 1947 they were withdrawn in favour of more practical services – buses.<sup id="cite_ref-128" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-128"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>128<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-129" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-129"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>129<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is served by a complex road infrastructure, with connections from the <a href="/wiki/M602_motorway" title="M602 motorway">M602 motorway</a> to several major motorways, and A-roads including the A57 Regent Road and the A6042 Trinity Way.<sup id="cite_ref-130" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-130"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>130<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford City Council has also created both advisory and mandatory <a href="/wiki/Cycle_lane" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycle lane">cycle lanes</a> across the city.<sup id="cite_ref-131" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-131"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>131<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Public transport in Salford is now co-ordinated by <a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Greater_Manchester" title="Transport for Greater Manchester">Transport for Greater Manchester</a> (TfGM), a combined authority area-wide public body with direct operational responsibilities such as supporting (and in some cases running) local bus services, and managing <a href="/wiki/Integrated_ticketing" title="Integrated ticketing">integrated ticketing</a> in Greater Manchester. Salford City Council is responsible for the administration and maintenance of public roads and footpaths throughout the city.<sup id="cite_ref-132" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-132"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>132<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city is served by two railway stations, Salford Central and <a href="/wiki/Salford_Crescent_railway_station" title="Salford Crescent railway station">Salford Crescent</a>. Most train services are provided by <a href="/wiki/Northern_Trains" title="Northern Trains">Northern Trains</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-133" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-133"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>133<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although Salford Crescent is also served by <a href="/wiki/TransPennine_Express" title="TransPennine Express">TransPennine Express</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-134" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-134"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>134<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Buses run to destinations throughout Salford, the City of Salford, across Greater Manchester and further afield: <a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Pendleton, Greater Manchester">Pendleton</a> is served by a route to <a href="/wiki/Preston,_Lancashire" title="Preston, Lancashire">Preston</a> and <a href="/wiki/Blackpool" title="Blackpool">Blackpool</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-135" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-135"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>135<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Eccles_line" class="mw-redirect" title="Eccles line">Eccles line</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink" title="Manchester Metrolink">Manchester Metrolink</a> runs through Salford, with stations at <a href="/wiki/Exchange_Quay_tram_stop" title="Exchange Quay tram stop">Exchange Quay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salford_Quays_tram_stop" title="Salford Quays tram stop">Salford Quays</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anchorage_tram_stop" title="Anchorage tram stop">Anchorage</a>, <a href="/wiki/Harbour_City_tram_stop" title="Harbour City tram stop">Harbour City</a>, <a href="/wiki/Broadway_tram_stop" title="Broadway tram stop">Broadway</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langworthy_tram_stop" title="Langworthy tram stop">Langworthy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weaste_tram_stop" title="Weaste tram stop">Weaste</a> and more recently <a href="/wiki/MediaCityUK_tram_stop" title="MediaCityUK tram stop">MediaCityUK</a>. The line was opened in two stages, in 1999 and 2000, as Phase 2 of the system's development.<sup id="cite_ref-136" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-136"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>136<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since 2020, electric scooters have been available for public hire in central Salford, Salford Quays, Ordsall, Pendleton and at the University of Salford. The e-scooter hire service is operated by shared micromobility company <a href="/wiki/Lime_(transportation_company)" title="Lime (transportation company)">Lime</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-137" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-137"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>137<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Salford" title="List of schools in Salford">List of schools in Salford</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="University_and_museum">University and museum</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: University and museum"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Peel_building_salford_university.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Peel_building_salford_university.jpg/220px-Peel_building_salford_university.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Peel_building_salford_university.jpg/330px-Peel_building_salford_university.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/Peel_building_salford_university.jpg/440px-Peel_building_salford_university.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3504" data-file-height="2336" /></a><figcaption>Established in 1967, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">University of Salford</a> is one of four universities in Greater Manchester. It has some 19,000 students.</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Salford" title="University of Salford">University of Salford</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Plate_glass_university" title="Plate glass university">plate glass university</a>, is one of four in Greater Manchester. It has its origins in the former Royal Technical College, which was granted the status of a <a href="/wiki/College_of_Advanced_Technology_(United_Kingdom)" class="mw-redirect" title="College of Advanced Technology (United Kingdom)">College of Advanced Technology</a> (CAT), on 2 November 1956. In November 1963 the <a href="/wiki/Robbins_Report" title="Robbins Report">Robbins Report</a> recommended that the CATs should become technological universities;<sup id="cite_ref-gordon-176_138-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gordon-176-138"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>138<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and on 4 April 1967 a Charter was established creating the University of Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-gordon-198_139-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gordon-198-139"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>139<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The university is undergoing £150M of redevelopment through investment in new facilities, including a £10M law school and a £22M building for health and social care, which were opened in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_university_140-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford_university-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The University of Salford has over 19,000 students,<sup id="cite_ref-141" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-141"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>141<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and was ranked 81st in the UK by <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> newspaper. In 2007, the university received nearly 17,000 applications for 3,660 places, and the drop-out rate from the university was 25%. Of the students graduating, 50% gained <a href="/wiki/First_Class_Honours" class="mw-redirect" title="First Class Honours">first class</a> or <a href="/wiki/British_undergraduate_degree_classification#Upper_Second_Class_Honours" title="British undergraduate degree classification">2:1</a> degrees,<sup id="cite_ref-Salford_university_140-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Salford_university-140"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>140<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> below the national average of about 55%.<sup id="cite_ref-142" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-142"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>142<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The level of student satisfaction in the 2009 survey ranged from 62% to 94%, depending on subject.<sup id="cite_ref-143" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-143"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>143<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Salford_Museum_and_Art_Gallery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3889437.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Salford_Museum_and_Art_Gallery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3889437.jpg/220px-Salford_Museum_and_Art_Gallery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3889437.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Salford_Museum_and_Art_Gallery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3889437.jpg/330px-Salford_Museum_and_Art_Gallery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3889437.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Salford_Museum_and_Art_Gallery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3889437.jpg/440px-Salford_Museum_and_Art_Gallery_-_geograph.org.uk_-_3889437.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Salford_Museum_and_Art_Gallery" title="Salford Museum and Art Gallery">Salford Museum and Art Gallery</a></figcaption></figure><p>Salford developed several civic institutions; in 1806, Chapel Street became the first street in the world to be lit by gas (supplied by Phillips and Lee's cotton mill).<sup id="cite_ref-144" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-144"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>144<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford Museum and Art Gallery opened in November 1850, under the terms of the <a href="/wiki/Museums_Act_1845" title="Museums Act 1845">Museums Act 1845</a>, as the Royal Museum and Public Library. It was built on the site of Lark Hill estate and Mansion, which was purchased by public subscription. The estate around the building was named Peel Park after <a href="/wiki/Robert_Peel" title="Robert Peel">Robert Peel</a> who contributed to the subscription fund. The library was said to be the first unconditionally free public library in the country,<sup id="cite_ref-Library_145-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Library-145"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>145<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Library2_146-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Library2-146"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>146<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> preceding the <a href="/wiki/Public_Libraries_Act_1850" title="Public Libraries Act 1850">Public Libraries Act 1850</a>. </p><div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Schools_and_colleges">Schools and colleges</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Schools and colleges"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Despite the rapid progress made during the Industrial Revolution, by 1851 education in Salford was judged "inadequate to the wants of the population", and for those children who did get schooling "order and cleanliness were little regarded ... [they] were for the most part crowded in close and dirty rooms".<sup id="cite_ref-147" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-147"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>147<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salford has thirty-two primary schools, and five secondary schools.<sup id="cite_ref-148" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-148"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>148<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Until recently there were three main 6th form and FE colleges: <a href="/wiki/Pendleton_College" title="Pendleton College">Pendleton College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eccles_College" title="Eccles College">Eccles College</a> and Salford College. They merged to create <a href="/wiki/Salford_City_College" title="Salford City College">Salford City College</a> in January 2009. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Religion">Religion</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Trinity_Church,_Salford.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Trinity_Church%2C_Salford.jpg/220px-Trinity_Church%2C_Salford.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Trinity_Church%2C_Salford.jpg/330px-Trinity_Church%2C_Salford.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Trinity_Church%2C_Salford.jpg/440px-Trinity_Church%2C_Salford.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="1780" /></a><figcaption>The Church of the Sacred Trinity is a <a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade II* listed building</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>From the formation of the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_of_Salford" class="mw-redirect" title="Hundred of Salford">Hundred of Salford</a>, the entire area was within the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_Lichfield" title="Diocese of Lichfield">Diocese of Lichfield</a>. This diocese was divided in 1541, upon the creation of the See of Chester.<sup id="cite_ref-Vigeonp2_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vigeonp2-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Early worship took place at the parish church of Manchester, however a small chantry chapel existed in 1368 on the only bridge linking the two settlements. In the 16th century, it was converted into a dungeon, and was later demolished in 1779. In 1634–35, Humphrey Booth, a wealthy local merchant, opened a chapel of ease, which a year later was consecrated as the Chapel of Sacred Trinity (the parish of Sacred Trinity was created in 1650).<sup id="cite_ref-149" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-149"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>149<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a> preached in the building, before his break with the <a href="/wiki/Anglican" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican">Anglican</a> Church. However, upon his return in 1747, he preached in the open, at Salford Cross. The chapel was rebuilt in about 1752–53, although the tower probably belonged to the original building.<sup id="cite_ref-150" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-150"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>150<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Penny352_151-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Penny352-151"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>151<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was restored in 1871–74 by the architect J. P. Holden and a chapel was added to the south-east in 1934.<sup id="cite_ref-152" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-152"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>152<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-153" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-153"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>153<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is now a <a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade II* listed building</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Trinity_154-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Trinity-154"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>154<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Salford_Cathedral" title="Salford Cathedral">Salford Cathedral</a> is one of the largest Catholic cathedrals in Northern England. It was built between 1844 and 1848, and was <a href="/wiki/Listed_building" title="Listed building">listed</a> as a Grade II* building in 1980.<sup id="cite_ref-155" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-155"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>155<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is at the centre of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Salford" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford">Roman Catholic Diocese of Salford</a>, which was founded in 1850 as one of the first post-<a href="/wiki/English_Reformation" title="English Reformation">Reformation</a> Catholic dioceses in Britain. Its current boundaries encompass <a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a> and a large part of <a href="/wiki/North_West_England" title="North West England">North West England</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Salford" title="Bishop of Salford">Bishop of Salford</a>'s official residence is at <a href="/wiki/Wardley_Hall" title="Wardley Hall">Wardley Hall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-156" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-156"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>156<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:St_Philip_with_St_Stephen_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1415230.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/St_Philip_with_St_Stephen_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1415230.jpg/170px-St_Philip_with_St_Stephen_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1415230.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/St_Philip_with_St_Stephen_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1415230.jpg/255px-St_Philip_with_St_Stephen_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1415230.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/St_Philip_with_St_Stephen_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1415230.jpg/340px-St_Philip_with_St_Stephen_Church_-_geograph.org.uk_-_1415230.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/St_Philip%27s_Church,_Salford" title="St Philip's Church, Salford">St Philip with St Stephen Church</a></figcaption></figure><p> Salford <a href="/wiki/Deanery" title="Deanery">Deanery</a> is in the Salford <a href="/wiki/Archdeaconry" class="mw-redirect" title="Archdeaconry">Archdeaconry</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_England" title="Church of England">Church of England</a>. The sixteen churches in the deanery include the Parish Church of Saint Paul the Apostle in Paddington, <a href="/wiki/St_Thomas%27_Church,_Pendleton" title="St Thomas' Church, Pendleton">St. Thomas' in Pendleton</a>, St Philip with St Stephen near the town hall and <a href="/wiki/St_Clement%27s_Church,_Ordsall" title="St Clement's Church, Ordsall">St Clement's in Ordsall</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-157" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-157"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>157<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Church_of_the_Annunciation,_Manchester" title="Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation, Manchester">Greek Orthodox Church of the Annunciation</a>, Manchester was founded in 1861, in <a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Broughton, Greater Manchester">Broughton</a>. It was established by the local Greek immigrant community, who had arrived in the area soon after the <a href="/wiki/Greek_War_of_Independence" title="Greek War of Independence">Greek War of Independence</a> in the early 19th century. It replaced an earlier place of worship on <a href="/wiki/Cheetham_Hill" class="mw-redirect" title="Cheetham Hill">Cheetham Hill Road</a>, and an earlier chapel on Wellington Street. It is the oldest purpose-built Orthodox church in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-158" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-158"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>158<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Salford has a notable history in sports, which includes hosting some of the events in the <a href="/wiki/2002_Commonwealth_Games" title="2002 Commonwealth Games">2002 Commonwealth Games</a>: rugby league, speedway, and horse racing. Salford had a venue for horse racing since the 17th century; the earliest record of racing at <a href="/wiki/Kersal_Moor" title="Kersal Moor">Kersal Moor</a> dates from 1687.<sup id="cite_ref-159" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-159"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>159<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Salford_Red_Devils" title="Salford Red Devils">Salford Red Devils</a> is the city's rugby league club and has been based in Salford since 1873. They participate in the <a href="/wiki/Super_League" title="Super League">Super League</a>. Salford now play all home games at the <a href="/wiki/AJ_Bell_Stadium" class="mw-redirect" title="AJ Bell Stadium">AJ Bell Stadium</a>. Junior rugby league is also played within Salford's boundaries, with Langworthy Reds, Folly Lane and <a href="/wiki/Salford_City_Roosters" title="Salford City Roosters">Salford City Roosters</a> amongst other clubs providing playing personnel to the senior club.<sup id="cite_ref-160" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-160"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>160<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/English_Premiership_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="English Premiership (rugby union)">Premiership</a> side <a href="/wiki/Sale_Sharks" title="Sale Sharks">Sale Sharks</a> play their home games at the AJ Bell Stadium since the start of the <a href="/wiki/2012%E2%80%9313_English_Premiership_(rugby_union)" class="mw-redirect" title="2012–13 English Premiership (rugby union)">2012–13 season</a><sup id="cite_ref-161" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-161"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>161<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Salford_Quays" title="Salford Quays">Salford Quays</a> has been used as a major international <a href="/wiki/Triathlon" title="Triathlon">triathlon</a> site, but a 2009 <a href="/wiki/Aquathlon" title="Aquathlon">aquathlon</a> was cancelled because of a lack of competitors.<sup id="cite_ref-162" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-162"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>162<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-163" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-163"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>163<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the early part of the 20th century <a href="/wiki/Motorcycle_speedway" title="Motorcycle speedway">speedway</a> was staged at Albion Stadium.<sup id="cite_ref-164" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-164"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>164<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Prior to <a href="/wiki/Salford_City_F.C." title="Salford City F.C.">Salford City</a>'s promotion to the <a href="/wiki/Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League">Football League</a> in 2019, Salford was one of the largest settlements in the UK without a league <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">football</a> team;.<sup id="cite_ref-165" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-165"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>165<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the formative years of the sport the region's football heartland was in east Manchester, with few teams to the west.<sup id="cite_ref-166" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-166"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>166<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Salford_City_F.C." title="Salford City F.C.">Salford City</a> are Salford's only representatives in the <a href="/wiki/Football_League" class="mw-redirect" title="Football League">Football League</a>, playing in <a href="/wiki/EFL_League_Two" title="EFL League Two">League Two</a>, the fourth tier of English football, as of the 2024-25 season. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Lowry.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Lowry.jpg/220px-The_Lowry.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Lowry.jpg/330px-The_Lowry.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/The_Lowry.jpg/440px-The_Lowry.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1371" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/The_Lowry" title="The Lowry">The Lowry</a> is a combined theatre and gallery complex situated in Salford Quays, named after the painter <a href="/wiki/L._S._Lowry" title="L. S. Lowry">L. S. Lowry</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Harold_Brighouse" title="Harold Brighouse">Harold Brighouse</a>'s play <i><a href="/wiki/Hobson%27s_Choice_(play)" title="Hobson's Choice (play)">Hobson's Choice</a></i> takes place in the Salford of 1880, and the <a href="/wiki/Hobson%27s_Choice_(1954_film)" title="Hobson's Choice (1954 film)">1954 film version</a> was shot in the town. <a href="/wiki/Walter_Greenwood" title="Walter Greenwood">Walter Greenwood</a>'s 1933 novel <i><a href="/wiki/Love_on_the_Dole" title="Love on the Dole">Love on the Dole</a></i> was set in a fictional area known as Hanky Park, said in the novel to be near Salford, but in reality based on Salford itself.<sup id="cite_ref-167" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-167"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>167<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more modern fictional setting influenced by the area is <i><a href="/wiki/Coronation_Street" title="Coronation Street">Coronation Street</a>'</i>s <a href="/wiki/Weatherfield" title="Weatherfield">Weatherfield</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-168" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-168"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>168<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Salford of the 1970s was the setting for the <a href="/wiki/BAFTA" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA">BAFTA</a> award winning <i><a href="/wiki/East_Is_East_(1999_film)" title="East Is East (1999 film)">East is East</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-169" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-169"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>169<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford was featured in the second series of the <a href="/wiki/Channel_4" title="Channel 4">Channel 4</a> programme <i>The Secret Millionaire</i>, screened in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-170" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-170"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>170<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford is also home to the theatre venue Studio Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-171" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-171"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>171<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The folk song "<a href="/wiki/Dirty_Old_Town" title="Dirty Old Town">Dirty Old Town</a>", written by native <a href="/wiki/Ewan_MacColl" title="Ewan MacColl">Ewan MacColl</a>, is the origin of Salford's nickname.<sup id="cite_ref-DirtyOldTown_172-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-DirtyOldTown-172"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>172<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Local band <a href="/wiki/Doves_(band)" title="Doves (band)">Doves</a> released a song on their 2005 album <i>Some Cities</i> called "Shadows of Salford".<sup id="cite_ref-173" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-173"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>173<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One of the most famous photographs of band <a href="/wiki/The_Smiths" title="The Smiths">The Smiths</a> shows them standing outside the <a href="/wiki/Salford_Lads_Club" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford Lads Club">Salford Lads Club</a>, and was featured in the artwork for their album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_Is_Dead" title="The Queen Is Dead">The Queen Is Dead</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-174" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-174"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>174<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2010, <a href="/wiki/The_Cold_One_Hundred" title="The Cold One Hundred">The Cold One Hundred</a>, an English indie rock band formed in Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-175" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-175"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>175<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Music_video" title="Music video">videos</a> for the <a href="/wiki/Timbaland" title="Timbaland">Timbaland</a> song "<a href="/wiki/The_Way_I_Are" title="The Way I Are">The Way I Are</a>",<sup id="cite_ref-176" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-176"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>176<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Justin_Timberlake" title="Justin Timberlake">Justin Timberlake</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Lovestoned" class="mw-redirect" title="Lovestoned">Lovestoned</a>" were filmed in Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-177" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-177"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>177<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Public_services">Public services</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Public services"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under the requirements of the <a href="/wiki/Municipal_Corporations_Act_1835" title="Municipal Corporations Act 1835">Municipal Corporations Act, 1835</a>, the County Borough of Salford was obliged to appoint a <a href="/wiki/Watch_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="Watch Committee">Watch Committee</a> to establish a police force and appoint a chief constable.<sup id="cite_ref-178" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-178"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>178<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On 1 June 1968 the Manchester and Salford city constabularies formed the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Salford_Police" title="Manchester and Salford Police">Manchester and Salford Police</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-179" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-179"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>179<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1974, <a href="/wiki/Home_Office" title="Home Office">Home Office</a> policing in Salford has been provided by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Police" title="Greater Manchester Police">Greater Manchester Police</a>. The force's "(F) Division" has its headquarters for policing the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">City of Salford</a> at Swinton, with further police stations in Little Hulton, Higher Broughton and Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-180" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-180"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>180<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Fire_service_in_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire service in the United Kingdom">Statutory emergency fire and rescue service</a> is provided by the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Fire_and_Rescue_Service" title="Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service">Greater Manchester Fire and Rescue Service</a>, whose headquarters are on <a href="/wiki/A666" class="mw-redirect" title="A666">Bolton Road</a> in nearby <a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-181" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-181"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>181<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Salford Royal Hospital dated back to 1830 and was extended in 1911. It was closed and converted into flats.<sup id="cite_ref-182" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-182"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>182<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The modern <a href="/wiki/Salford_Royal" class="mw-redirect" title="Salford Royal">Salford Royal</a>, at Hope, near the boundary with <a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a>, was opened in 1882 as the Salford Union Infirmary.<sup id="cite_ref-183" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-183"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>183<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later renamed Hope Hospital and then again as Salford Royal,<sup id="cite_ref-184" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-184"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>184<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-185" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-185"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>185<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it is a large <a href="/wiki/National_Health_Service_(England)" title="National Health Service (England)">NHS</a> hospital administrated by Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust. In a 2006–07 review of all 394 NHS Trusts in England by the <a href="/wiki/Healthcare_Commission" title="Healthcare Commission">Healthcare Commission</a>, Salford Royal was one of 19 to be rated excellent in its quality of services and its use of resources.<sup id="cite_ref-186" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-186"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>186<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/North_West_Ambulance_Service" title="North West Ambulance Service">North West Ambulance Service</a> provides emergency patient transport. Other forms of health care are provided for locally by several small clinics and surgeries. </p><p>Waste management is co-ordinated by the local authority via the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Waste_Disposal_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority">Greater Manchester Waste Disposal Authority</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-187" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-187"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>187<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Salford's <a href="/wiki/Distribution_network_operator" title="Distribution network operator">distribution network operator</a> for electricity is <a href="/wiki/United_Utilities" title="United Utilities">United Utilities</a>; there are no <a href="/wiki/Power_station" title="Power station">power stations</a> in the city. United Utilities also manages Salford's <a href="/wiki/Drinking_water" title="Drinking water">drinking</a> and <a href="/wiki/Waste_water" class="mw-redirect" title="Waste water">waste water</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-UU_188-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-UU-188"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>188<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Salford" class="mw-redirect" title="List of people from Salford">List of people from Salford</a></div> <p>People from Salford are called Salfordians, the city has been the birthplace to notable people of national and international acclaim. <a href="/wiki/Joy_Division" title="Joy Division">Joy Division</a> were an English rock band formed in Salford in 1976. The group consisted of vocalist <a href="/wiki/Ian_Curtis" title="Ian Curtis">Ian Curtis</a>, guitarist/keyboardist <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Sumner" title="Bernard Sumner">Bernard Sumner</a>, bassist <a href="/wiki/Peter_Hook" title="Peter Hook">Peter Hook</a> and drummer <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Morris_(musician)" title="Stephen Morris (musician)">Stephen Morris</a> which later reformed as <a href="/wiki/New_Order_(band)" title="New Order (band)">New Order</a> in wake of Curtis' death in 1980. Amongst other notable persons of historic significance with a connection to Salford are <a href="/wiki/Emmeline_Pankhurst" title="Emmeline Pankhurst">Emmeline Pankhurst</a>, one of the founders of the British <a href="/wiki/Suffragette" title="Suffragette">suffragette</a> movement, who lived in Salford, and the scientist <a href="/wiki/James_Prescott_Joule" title="James Prescott Joule">James Prescott Joule</a>, who was born and raised in Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-189" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-189"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>189<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The novelist <a href="/wiki/Walter_Greenwood" title="Walter Greenwood">Walter Greenwood</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Love_on_the_Dole" title="Love on the Dole">Love on the Dole</a></i>) and the dramatist <a href="/wiki/Shelagh_Delaney" title="Shelagh Delaney">Shelagh Delaney</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/A_Taste_of_Honey" title="A Taste of Honey">A Taste of Honey</a></i>) were both born in, and wrote about, Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-190" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-190"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>190<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-191" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-191"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>191<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Folk singer-songwriter and communist activist <a href="/wiki/Ewan_MacColl" title="Ewan MacColl">Ewan MacColl</a>, one of the instigators of the 1960s folk revival in England, was born in Salford. He is known for writing such songs as "The First Time Ever I Saw Your Face" and "Dirty Old Town", the latter of which is about Salford. Salford is also the hometown of the band <a href="/wiki/Happy_Mondays" title="Happy Mondays">Happy Mondays</a> and punk poet <a href="/wiki/John_Cooper_Clarke" title="John Cooper Clarke">John Cooper Clarke</a>. Composer Sir <a href="/wiki/Peter_Maxwell_Davies" title="Peter Maxwell Davies">Peter Maxwell Davies</a>, who was appointed <a href="/wiki/Master_of_the_Queen%27s_Music" class="mw-redirect" title="Master of the Queen's Music">Master of the Queen's Music</a> in 2004,<sup id="cite_ref-192" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-192"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>192<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was born in Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-193" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-193"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>193<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Notable Salfordian sportspeople include former <a href="/wiki/England_national_football_team" title="England national football team">England</a> football international and <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United F.C.</a> midfielder <a href="/wiki/Paul_Scholes" title="Paul Scholes">Paul Scholes</a>, who with several celebrity team mates from his Manchester United playing days bought <a href="/wiki/Salford_F.C." class="mw-redirect" title="Salford F.C.">Salford F.C.</a><sup id="cite_ref-194" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-194"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>194<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Another notable resident of Salford is <a href="/wiki/Eddie_Colman" title="Eddie Colman">Eddie Colman</a>, the youngest of the <a href="/wiki/Manchester_United_F.C." title="Manchester United F.C.">Manchester United</a> players to die in the <a href="/wiki/Munich_air_disaster" title="Munich air disaster">Munich air disaster</a> of 6 February 1958, when only 21. Born at Archie Street in November 1936, he lived in the area all his life and is buried at Weaste Cemetery. His former home was demolished in the early 1970s. <a href="/wiki/Geoff_Bent" title="Geoff Bent">Geoff Bent</a>, another Manchester United player who died at Munich, was born in Salford. Other sporting Salfordians include Olympic Javelin Thrower <a href="/wiki/Shelley_Holroyd" title="Shelley Holroyd">Shelley Holroyd</a>, English former snooker player <a href="/wiki/Mick_Price_(snooker_player)" title="Mick Price (snooker player)">Mick Price</a>, who was born in the area, and Great Britain and England rugby league international and former <a href="/wiki/Warrington_Wolves" title="Warrington Wolves">Warrington Wolves</a> front-rower <a href="/wiki/Adrian_Morley" title="Adrian Morley">Adrian Morley</a> (later with the <a href="/wiki/Salford_Red_Devils" title="Salford Red Devils">Salford Red Devils</a>.)<sup id="cite_ref-195" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-195"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>195<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Actors <a href="/wiki/Albert_Finney" title="Albert Finney">Albert Finney</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Powell" title="Robert Powell">Robert Powell</a> were both born and raised in Salford.<sup id="cite_ref-196" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-196"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>196<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-197" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-197"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>197<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Journalist <a href="/wiki/Alistair_Cooke" title="Alistair Cooke">Alistair Cooke</a> who wrote and broadcast "Letter from America" for decades on the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> was born in Salford. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Listed_buildings_in_Salford,_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Listed buildings in Salford, Greater Manchester">Listed buildings in Salford, Greater Manchester</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Salford-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salford_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_201111119884030" class="citation web cs1">UK Census (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2011_ks/report?compare=11119884030">"Local Area Report – Salford (11119884030)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. Office for National Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Salford+%2811119884030%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2011_ks%2Freport%3Fcompare%3D11119884030&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewis2016" class="citation web cs1">Lewis, Stephen (20 February 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ilovemanchester.com/manchester-and-salford-so-whats-the-difference">"Manchester and Salford: so what's the difference?"</a>. <i>I Love Manchester</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=I+Love+Manchester&rft.atitle=Manchester+and+Salford%3A+so+what%27s+the+difference%3F&rft.date=2016-02-20&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Stephen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Filovemanchester.com%2Fmanchester-and-salford-so-whats-the-difference&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salfordstar.com/article.asp?id=1046">"SALFORD TO BE JOINED WITH MANCHESTER - Salford Star - with attitude & love xxx"</a>. <i>www.salfordstar.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 January</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.salfordstar.com&rft.atitle=SALFORD+TO+BE+JOINED+WITH+MANCHESTER+-+Salford+Star+-+with+attitude+%26+love+xxx&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salfordstar.com%2Farticle.asp%3Fid%3D1046&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GM_Evolution-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-GM_Evolution_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFrangopulo1977">Frangopulo 1977</a>, pp. 135–138.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Engels74-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Engels74_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Engels74_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFEngels1958">Engels 1958</a>, p. 74</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salford.gov.uk/December"><i>Salford West Strategic Regeneration Framework and Action Plan</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Salford City Council, December 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 November</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford+West+Strategic+Regeneration+Framework+and+Action+Plan&rft.pub=Salford+City+Council&rft.date=2006-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.salford.gov.uk%2FDecember&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2010">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SalfordLA-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-SalfordLA_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCensus_20111946157086" class="citation web cs1">UK Census (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/sources/census_2011_ks/report?compare=1946157086">"Local Area Report – Salford Local Authority (1946157086)"</a>. <i>Nomis</i>. Office for National Statistics<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 March</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nomis&rft.atitle=Local+Area+Report+%E2%80%93+Salford+Local+Authority+%281946157086%29&rft.date=2011&rft.au=UK+Census&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fsources%2Fcensus_2011_ks%2Freport%3Fcompare%3D1946157086&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2005">Cooper 2005</a>, p. 47.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/england/manchester/6708383.stm">"BBC Salford move gets green light"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>, 31 May 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 May</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=BBC+Salford+move+gets+green+light&rft.date=2007-05-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fengland%2Fmanchester%2F6708383.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sealhford-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sealhford_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sealhford_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nottingham.ac.uk/english/ins/kepn/detailpop.php?placeno=12945"><i>Salford</i></a>, University of Nottingham's Institute for Name-Studies<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford&rft.pub=University+of+Nottingham%27s+Institute+for+Name-Studies&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nottingham.ac.uk%2Fenglish%2Fins%2Fkepn%2Fdetailpop.php%3Fplaceno%3D12945&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper6-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper6_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper6_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2005">Cooper 2005</a>, p. 6.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2005">Cooper 2005</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2005">Cooper 2005</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooper12-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper12_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooper12_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2005">Cooper 2005</a>, p. 12.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVigeon1975">Vigeon 1975</a>, p. 1.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cooperpp1819-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cooperpp1819_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cooperpp1819_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2005">Cooper 2005</a>, pp. 18–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vigeonp2-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vigeonp2_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vigeonp2_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vigeonp2_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFVigeon1975">Vigeon 1975</a>, p. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBracegirdle1973" class="citation cs2">Bracegirdle, Cyril (1973), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/darkriver0000brac/page/18"><i>The Dark River</i></a>, Altrincham: Sherratt, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/darkriver0000brac/page/18">18</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85427-033-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-85427-033-7"><bdi>0-85427-033-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dark+River&rft.place=Altrincham&rft.pages=18&rft.pub=Sherratt&rft.date=1973&rft.isbn=0-85427-033-7&rft.aulast=Bracegirdle&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdarkriver0000brac%2Fpage%2F18&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Modern scholarship suggests that the year was actually 919. 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id="cite_note-hampson-4-vi-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-hampson-4-vi_84-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Hampson (1972), Book Four: 1800–1930, Chapter VI: "Peel Park and the Irwell Floods", pp. 257–262.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJohnson1985">Johnson 1985</a>, pp. 353–354.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-86"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-86">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnon" class="citation cs2">Anon, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081121203753/http://www.salford.gov.uk/leisure/parks/parksinsalford/countryparks/thecliff.htm">"The Ciff/Kersal Dale"</a>, <i>Country Parks and local nature reserves</i>, Salford City Council, archived from 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href="#cite_ref-Salford_neighbourhood_stats_90-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salford_neighbourhood_stats_90-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Salford_neighbourhood_stats_90-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do?a=3&b=276781&c=Salford&d=13&e=16&g=354179&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1198206645757&enc=1"><i>Salford Metropolitan Borough key statistics</i></a>, Government of the United Kingdom</cite><span 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of the United Kingdom, 22 July 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls">KS01 Usual resident population</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Page_white_excel.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span><small></small><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS01+Usual+resident+population+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|agency=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152"><i>Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area</i></a>, Government of the United Kingdom, 22 July 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks04--marital-status.xls">KS04 Marital status</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Page_white_excel.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span><small></small><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS04+Marital+status+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|agency=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152"><i>Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area</i></a>, Government of the United Kingdom, 22 July 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks20--household-composition.xls">KS20 Household composition</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Page_white_excel.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span><small></small><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">31 August</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS20+Household+composition+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|agency=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Qualifications2001-94"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Qualifications2001_94-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qualifications2001_94-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Qualifications2001_94-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152"><i>Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area</i></a>, Government of the United Kingdom, 22 July 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks13--qualifications-and-students.xls">KS13 Qualifications and students</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Page_white_excel.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span><small></small><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS13+Qualifications+and+students+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Workers1-95"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Workers1_95-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaviesFielding1992">Davies & Fielding 1992</a>, p. 1</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Workers11-96"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Workers11_96-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDaviesFielding1992">Davies & Fielding 1992</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-97"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-97">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFCooper2005">Cooper 2005</a>, p. 39.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-98"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-98">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://shrinkingcities.com/fileadmin/shrink/downloads/pdfs/WP-II_Manchester_Liverpool.pdf"><i>Shriking Cities: Manchester/Liverpool II</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, shrikingcities.com, March 2004, p. 36<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 March</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Shriking+Cities%3A+Manchester%2FLiverpool+II&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=shrikingcities.com&rft.date=2004-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fshrinkingcities.com%2Ffileadmin%2Fshrink%2Fdownloads%2Fpdfs%2FWP-II_Manchester_Liverpool.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><i>1981 Key Statistics for Urban Areas GB Table 1</i>, Office for National Statistics, 1981</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=1981+Key+Statistics+for+Urban+Areas+GB+Table+1&rft.pub=Office+for+National+Statistics&rft.date=1981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090205014453/http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/greater_manchester_urban_area.asp"><i>Greater Manchester Urban Area 1991 Census</i></a>, National Statistics, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statistics.gov.uk/census2001/greater_manchester_urban_area.asp">the original</a> on 5 February 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greater+Manchester+Urban+Area+1991+Census&rft.pub=National+Statistics&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.statistics.gov.uk%2Fcensus2001%2Fgreater_manchester_urban_area.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-101"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-101">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152"><i>Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area</i></a>, Government of the United Kingdom, 22 July 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks01-usual-resident-population.xls">KS01 Usual resident population</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Page_white_excel.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span><small></small><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS01+Usual+resident+population+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|agency=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-102"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-102">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.citypopulation.de/php/uk-england-northwestengland.php?cityid=E35000316">"Salford (Greater Manchester, North West England, United Kingdom) – Population Statistics and Location in Maps and Charts"</a>. <i>citypopulation.de</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=citypopulation.de&rft.atitle=Salford+%28Greater+Manchester%2C+North+West+England%2C+United+Kingdom%29+%E2%80%93+Population+Statistics+and+Location+in+Maps+and+Charts&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.citypopulation.de%2Fphp%2Fuk-england-northwestengland.php%3Fcityid%3DE35000316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-103"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-103">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salford-e08000006#sthash.YDxmboJy.dpbs">"Salford - UK Census Data 2011"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160806115421/http://www.ukcensusdata.com/salford-e08000006">Archived</a> from the original on 6 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 April</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Salford+-+UK+Census+Data+2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcensusdata.com%2Fsalford-e08000006%23sthash.YDxmboJy.dpbs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-104"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-104">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks201ew">"KS201EW (Ethnic group) - Nomis - Official Labour Market Statistics"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161022095240/https://www.nomisweb.co.uk/census/2011/ks201ew">Archived</a> from the original on 22 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=KS201EW+%28Ethnic+group%29+-+Nomis+-+Official+Labour+Market+Statistics&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nomisweb.co.uk%2Fcensus%2F2011%2Fks201ew&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-105"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-105">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/publications/re-reference-tables.html?edition=tcm%3A77-211152"><i>Census 2001 Key Statistics – Urban area results by population size of urban area</i></a>, Government of the United Kingdom, 22 July 2004, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ons.gov.uk/ons/rel/census/census-2001-key-statistics/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area/urban-area-results-by-population-size-of-urban-area-ks11a--industry-of-employment---all-people.xls">KS11a Industry of employment – all people</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/ba/Page_white_excel.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" /></span></span><small></small><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Census+2001+Key+Statistics+%E2%80%93+Urban+area+results+by+population+size+of+urban+area&rft.pages=KS11a+Industry+of+employment+-+all+people+Image%3APage+white+excel.png%7C16px%7Clink%3D%3Csmall%3E%3C%2Fsmall%3E&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft.date=2004-07-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ons.gov.uk%2Fons%2Fpublications%2Fre-reference-tables.html%3Fedition%3Dtcm%253A77-211152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment">Unknown parameter <code class="cs1-code">|agency=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#parameter_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Salford_economic_activity-106"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Salford_economic_activity_106-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://neighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk/dissemination/LeadKeyFigures.do;jsessionid=ac1f930c30d7001ecd8c4d554b939815feb9dcac174d?a=3&b=276781&c=Salford&d=13&e=16&g=354179&i=1001x1003x1004&o=1&m=0&r=1&s=1244477766844&enc=1&nsjs=true&nsck=true&nssvg=false&nswid=1259"><i>Salford Local Authority key figures</i></a>, Government of the United Kingdom<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford+Local+Authority+key+figures&rft.pub=Government+of+the+United+Kingdom&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fneighbourhood.statistics.gov.uk%2Fdissemination%2FLeadKeyFigures.do%3Bjsessionid%3Dac1f930c30d7001ecd8c4d554b939815feb9dcac174d%3Fa%3D3%26b%3D276781%26c%3DSalford%26d%3D13%26e%3D16%26g%3D354179%26i%3D1001x1003x1004%26o%3D1%26m%3D0%26r%3D1%26s%3D1244477766844%26enc%3D1%26nsjs%3Dtrue%26nsck%3Dtrue%26nssvg%3Dfalse%26nswid%3D1259&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-107"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-107">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1279490" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1279490?section=official-list-entry">"Blackfriars Bridge (1279490)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Blackfriars+Bridge+%281279490%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1279490%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386119" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386119?section=official-list-entry">"Chapel Street Viaduct (1386119)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Chapel+Street+Viaduct+%281386119%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386119%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-109"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-109">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386161" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386161?section=official-list-entry">"Northern Railway Viaduct (1386161)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Northern+Railway+Viaduct+%281386161%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386161%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386115" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386115?section=official-list-entry">"Cathedral of St John, Salford (1386115)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 February</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Cathedral+of+St+John%2C+Salford+%281386115%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386115%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-111"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-111">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386076" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386076?section=official-list-entry">"Salford Old Town Hall (1386076)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Salford+Old+Town+Hall+%281386076%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386076%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386185" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386185?section=official-list-entry">"Church of the Sacred Trinity (1386185)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Church+of+the+Sacred+Trinity+%281386185%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386185%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-113"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-113">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386079" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386079?section=official-list-entry">"Swimming Baths (1386079)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Swimming+Baths+%281386079%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386079%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-114"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-114">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386179" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386179?section=official-list-entry">"Royal Art Gallery (1386179)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Royal+Art+Gallery+%281386179%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386179%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-115"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-115">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386177" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386177?section=official-list-entry">"Peel Building (1386177)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Peel+Building+%281386177%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386177%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-116"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-116">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386144" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386144?section=official-list-entry">"Kersal Cell (1386144)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 February</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Kersal+Cell+%281386144%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386144%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHistoric_England1386169" class="citation web cs2"><a href="/wiki/Historic_England" title="Historic England">Historic England</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://HistoricEngland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1386169?section=official-list-entry">"Ordsall Hall (1386169)"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/National_Heritage_List_for_England" title="National Heritage List for England">National Heritage List for England</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Heritage+List+for+England&rft.atitle=Ordsall+Hall+%281386169%29&rft.au=Historic+England&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2FHistoricEngland.org.uk%2Flisting%2Fthe-list%2Flist-entry%2F1386169%3Fsection%3Dofficial-list-entry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeling2007" class="citation cs2">Keeling, Neal (7 February 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/235/235424_the_real_corrie_to_be_saved_for_the_future_.html"><i>The real Corrie to be saved for the future</i></a>, manchestereveningnews.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+real+Corrie+to+be+saved+for+the+future&rft.pub=manchestereveningnews.co.uk&rft.date=2007-02-07&rft.aulast=Keeling&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchestereveningnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F235%2F235424_the_real_corrie_to_be_saved_for_the_future_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeeling2007" class="citation cs2">Keeling, Neal (16 January 2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.manchestereveningnews.co.uk/news/s/233/233302_lads_club_is_a_national_icon.html"><i>Lads club is a national icon</i></a>, manchestereveningnews.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2009</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lads+club+is+a+national+icon&rft.pub=manchestereveningnews.co.uk&rft.date=2007-01-16&rft.aulast=Keeling&rft.aufirst=Neal&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.manchestereveningnews.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fs%2F233%2F233302_lads_club_is_a_national_icon.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFAlbert2007">Albert 2007</a>, p. 206</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTupling1952">Tupling 1952</a>, p. 15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.timesonline.co.uk/tol/viewArticle.arc?toDate=31%20December%201896&fromDate=1%20January%201892&currentPageNumber=1&resultsPerPage=10&sortBy=default&offset=0&viewName=&addFilters=&removeFilters=&addCat=&queryKeywords=bolton+canal&sectionId=1040&currPgSmartSet=1&pageId=ARCHIVE-The_Times-1893-10-18-04&articleId=ARCHIVE-The_Times-1893-10-18-04-006&xmlpath=&pubId=17&totalResults=255&addRefineFilters=&removeRefineFilters=&addRefineCat=&next_Page=false&prev_Page=false&date_dd_From=1&date_mm_From=01&date_yyyy_From=1892&date_dd_to_range=31&date_mm_to_range=12&date_yyyy_to_range=1896&date_dd_from_precise=1&date_mm_from_precise=01&date_yyyy_from_precise=1892&isDateSearch=false&dateSearchType=range&refineQuerykeywordText=">"The Times newspaper: Canal rates and tolls"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(Registration required)</span>, <i>The Times</i>, 18 October 1893<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 June</span> 2008</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times&rft.atitle=The+Times+newspaper%3A+Canal+rates+and+tolls&rft.date=1893-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.timesonline.co.uk%2Ftol%2FviewArticle.arc%3FtoDate%3D31%2520December%25201896%26fromDate%3D1%2520January%25201892%26currentPageNumber%3D1%26resultsPerPage%3D10%26sortBy%3Ddefault%26offset%3D0%26viewName%3D%26addFilters%3D%26removeFilters%3D%26addCat%3D%26queryKeywords%3Dbolton%2Bcanal%26sectionId%3D1040%26currPgSmartSet%3D1%26pageId%3DARCHIVE-The_Times-1893-10-18-04%26articleId%3DARCHIVE-The_Times-1893-10-18-04-006%26xmlpath%3D%26pubId%3D17%26totalResults%3D255%26addRefineFilters%3D%26removeRefineFilters%3D%26addRefineCat%3D%26next_Page%3Dfalse%26prev_Page%3Dfalse%26date_dd_From%3D1%26date_mm_From%3D01%26date_yyyy_From%3D1892%26date_dd_to_range%3D31%26date_mm_to_range%3D12%26date_yyyy_to_range%3D1896%26date_dd_from_precise%3D1%26date_mm_from_precise%3D01%26date_yyyy_from_precise%3D1892%26isDateSearch%3Dfalse%26dateSearchType%3Drange%26refineQuerykeywordText%3D&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged September 2024">dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-123"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-123">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090502213943/http://www.mbbcs.org.uk/canal/salford.htm"><i>Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal Society – Salford history</i></a>, mbbcs.org.uk, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mbbcs.org.uk/canal/salford.htm">the original</a> on 2 May 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=filmreference&rft.atitle=Robert+Powell+Biography+%281944%E2%80%93%29&rft.au=Anon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.filmreference.com%2Ffilm%2F97%2FRobert-Powell.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin refbegin-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbert2007" class="citation cs2">Albert, William (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ionaPRQQFQMC"><i>The Turnpike Road System in England</i></a>, Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-03391-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-03391-6"><bdi>978-0-521-03391-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turnpike+Road+System+in+England&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-521-03391-6&rft.aulast=Albert&rft.aufirst=William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DionaPRQQFQMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBardsley1960" class="citation cs2">Bardsley, James Rodney (1960), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=2vBlGwAACAAJ"><i>The railways of Bolton, 1824–1959</i></a>, J.R.Bardsley</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+railways+of+Bolton%2C+1824%E2%80%931959&rft.pub=J.R.Bardsley&rft.date=1960&rft.aulast=Bardsley&rft.aufirst=James+Rodney&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D2vBlGwAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrownbillFarrer1911" class="citation cs2">Brownbill, John; Farrer, William (1911), <i>A History of the County of Lancaster: Volume 5</i>, Victoria County History, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7129-1055-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7129-1055-2"><bdi>978-0-7129-1055-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+the+County+of+Lancaster%3A+Volume+5&rft.pub=Victoria+County+History&rft.date=1911&rft.isbn=978-0-7129-1055-2&rft.aulast=Brownbill&rft.aufirst=John&rft.au=Farrer%2C+William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClark1973" class="citation cs2">Clark, David M. (1973), <i>Greater Manchester Votes: A Guide to the New Metropolitan Authorities</i>, Redrose</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Greater+Manchester+Votes%3A+A+Guide+to+the+New+Metropolitan+Authorities&rft.pub=Redrose&rft.date=1973&rft.aulast=Clark&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCurtis2007" class="citation cs2">Curtis, Deborah (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/touchingfromdist00debo_0"><i>Touching from a Distance: Ian Curtis and Joy Division</i></a>, Faber and Faber, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-571-23956-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-571-23956-6"><bdi>978-0-571-23956-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Touching+from+a+Distance%3A+Ian+Curtis+and+Joy+Division&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-571-23956-6&rft.aulast=Curtis&rft.aufirst=Deborah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ftouchingfromdist00debo_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDayMcNeil1996" class="citation cs2">Day, Lance; McNeil, Ian (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780415060424"><i>Biographical dictionary of the history of technology</i></a>, Taylor & Francis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06042-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-415-06042-4"><bdi>978-0-415-06042-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Biographical+dictionary+of+the+history+of+technology&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-415-06042-4&rft.aulast=Day&rft.aufirst=Lance&rft.au=McNeil%2C+Ian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fisbn_9780415060424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2005" class="citation cs2">Cooper, Glynis (2005), <i>Salford: An Illustrated History</i>, The Breedon Books Publishing Company, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-85983-455-8" title="Special:BookSources/1-85983-455-8"><bdi>1-85983-455-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford%3A+An+Illustrated+History&rft.pub=The+Breedon+Books+Publishing+Company&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=1-85983-455-8&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Glynis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavey_SmithDorlingShaw2001" class="citation cs2">Davey Smith, George; Dorling, Daniel; Shaw, Mary (2001), <i>Poverty, inequality and health in Britain, 1800–2000</i>, Bristol: Policy Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-86134-211-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-86134-211-9"><bdi>978-1-86134-211-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Poverty%2C+inequality+and+health+in+Britain%2C+1800%E2%80%932000&rft.place=Bristol&rft.pub=Policy+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-1-86134-211-9&rft.aulast=Davey+Smith&rft.aufirst=George&rft.au=Dorling%2C+Daniel&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Mary&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDaviesFielding1992" class="citation cs2">Davies, Andrew; Fielding, Steven (1992), <i>Workers' Worlds: Cultures and Communities in Manchester and Salford, 1880–1939</i>, Manchester University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2543-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-2543-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-2543-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Workers%27+Worlds%3A+Cultures+and+Communities+in+Manchester+and+Salford%2C+1880%E2%80%931939&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-2543-3&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft.au=Fielding%2C+Steven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEngels1958" class="citation cs2">Engels, Fredrich (1958) [1845], <i><a href="/wiki/The_Condition_of_the_Working_Class_in_England_in_1844" class="mw-redirect" title="The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844">The Condition of the Working Class in England in 1844</a></i>, Stanford: Stanford University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0633-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8047-0633-9"><bdi>978-0-8047-0633-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Condition+of+the+Working+Class+in+England+in+1844&rft.place=Stanford&rft.pub=Stanford+University+Press&rft.date=1958&rft.isbn=978-0-8047-0633-9&rft.aulast=Engels&rft.aufirst=Fredrich&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrangopulo1977" class="citation cs2">Frangopulo, N. J. (1977), <i>Tradition in Action: The Historical Evolution of the Greater Manchester County</i>, Wakefield: EP Publishing, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7158-1203-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7158-1203-3"><bdi>0-7158-1203-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tradition+in+Action%3A+The+Historical+Evolution+of+the+Greater+Manchester+County&rft.place=Wakefield&rft.pub=EP+Publishing&rft.date=1977&rft.isbn=0-7158-1203-3&rft.aulast=Frangopulo&rft.aufirst=N.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrow1984" class="citation cs2">Frow, Edmund & Ruth (1984), <i>Radical Salford: Episodes in Labour History</i>, <a href="/wiki/Radcliffe,_Greater_Manchester" title="Radcliffe, Greater Manchester">Radcliffe</a>: Neil Richardson, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-907511-49-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-907511-49-X"><bdi>0-907511-49-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Radical+Salford%3A+Episodes+in+Labour+History&rft.place=Radcliffe&rft.pub=Neil+Richardson&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=0-907511-49-X&rft.aulast=Frow&rft.aufirst=Edmund+%26+Ruth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1975" class="citation cs2">Gordon, Colin (1975), <i>The Foundations of the University of Salford</i>, Altrincham: John Sherratt and Son, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85427-045-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-85427-045-0"><bdi>0-85427-045-0</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Foundations+of+the+University+of+Salford&rft.place=Altrincham&rft.pub=John+Sherratt+and+Son&rft.date=1975&rft.isbn=0-85427-045-0&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHampson1972" class="citation cs2">Hampson, Charles P. (1972) [1930], <i>Salford Through the Ages. The "Fons et Origo": of an Industrial City</i>, Didsbury: E. J. Morten, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-901598-66-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-901598-66-6"><bdi>0-901598-66-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford+Through+the+Ages.+The+%22Fons+et+Origo%22%3A+of+an+Industrial+City&rft.place=Didsbury&rft.pub=E.+J.+Morten&rft.date=1972&rft.isbn=0-901598-66-6&rft.aulast=Hampson&rft.aufirst=Charles+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHayes2003" class="citation cs2">Hayes, C. (2003), <i>The Changing Face of Salford</i>, Manchester: Acer Designs / Gosport: Ashford Colour Press</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Changing+Face+of+Salford&rft.pub=Manchester%3A+Acer+Designs+%2F+Gosport%3A+Ashford+Colour+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Hayes&rft.aufirst=C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHopkins2007" class="citation cs2">Hopkins, Chris (2007), <i>English Fiction in the 1930s: Language, Genre, History</i>, Continuum International Publishing Group, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8938-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8264-8938-8"><bdi>978-0-8264-8938-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Fiction+in+the+1930s%3A+Language%2C+Genre%2C+History&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-8264-8938-8&rft.aulast=Hopkins&rft.aufirst=Chris&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHugginsWilliams2006" class="citation cs2">Huggins, Mike; Williams, Jack (2006), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o2AD1AQeL3EC"><i>Sport and the English, 1918–1939</i></a> (Illustrated ed.), Taylor & Francis, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-33185-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-33185-4"><bdi>0-415-33185-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sport+and+the+English%2C+1918%E2%80%931939&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-33185-4&rft.aulast=Huggins&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft.au=Williams%2C+Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do2AD1AQeL3EC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson1985" class="citation cs2">Johnson, Richard Hugh (1985), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dTu8AAAAIAAJ"><i>The Geomorphology of north-west England</i></a> (Illustrated ed.), Manchester University Press ND, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7190-1745-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7190-1745-9"><bdi>0-7190-1745-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Geomorphology+of+north-west+England&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press+ND&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-7190-1745-9&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Richard+Hugh&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdTu8AAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKenyon1991" class="citation cs2">Kenyon, Denise (1991), <i>The Origins of Lancashire</i>, Manchester University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3546-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7190-3546-3"><bdi>978-0-7190-3546-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Origins+of+Lancashire&rft.pub=Manchester+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=978-0-7190-3546-3&rft.aulast=Kenyon&rft.aufirst=Denise&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLittle2000" class="citation cs2">Little, Daran (2000), <i>40 Years of Coronation Street</i>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-233-99806-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-233-99806-3"><bdi>0-233-99806-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=40+Years+of+Coronation+Street&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-233-99806-3&rft.aulast=Little&rft.aufirst=Daran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFManchester_Evening_News_Staff2007" class="citation cs2">Manchester Evening News Staff (2007), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xZLH3NScGSMC"><i>Salford past</i></a>, At Heart, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-84547-165-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-84547-165-1"><bdi>978-1-84547-165-1</bdi></a>, <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/145389850">145389850</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford+past&rft.pub=At+Heart&rft.date=2007&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F145389850&rft.isbn=978-1-84547-165-1&rft.au=Manchester+Evening+News+Staff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DxZLH3NScGSMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcNeilNevell2000" class="citation cs2">McNeil, R.; Nevell, M (2000), <i>A Guide to the Industrial Archaeology of Greater Manchester</i>, Association for Industrial Archaeology, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-9528930-3-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-9528930-3-7"><bdi>0-9528930-3-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Guide+to+the+Industrial+Archaeology+of+Greater+Manchester&rft.pub=Association+for+Industrial+Archaeology&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=0-9528930-3-7&rft.aulast=McNeil&rft.aufirst=R.&rft.au=Nevell%2C+M&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPevsner1969" class="citation cs2">Pevsner, Nikolaus (1969), <i>Lancashire, The Industrial and Commercial South</i>, London, England: Penguin Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-14-071036-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-14-071036-1"><bdi>0-14-071036-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lancashire%2C+The+Industrial+and+Commercial+South&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=0-14-071036-1&rft.aulast=Pevsner&rft.aufirst=Nikolaus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPooleyTurnbullAdams2005" class="citation cs2">Pooley, Colin G.; Turnbull, Jean; Adams, Mags (2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QUpO2pVp-6QC"><i>A mobile century?: changes in everyday mobility in Britain in the twentieth century</i></a> (Illustrated ed.), Ashgate Publishing, Ltd., <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7546-4181-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7546-4181-3"><bdi>0-7546-4181-3</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+mobile+century%3F%3A+changes+in+everyday+mobility+in+Britain+in+the+twentieth+century&rft.edition=Illustrated&rft.pub=Ashgate+Publishing%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7546-4181-3&rft.aulast=Pooley&rft.aufirst=Colin+G.&rft.au=Turnbull%2C+Jean&rft.au=Adams%2C+Mags&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQUpO2pVp-6QC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPurvis2002" class="citation cs2">Purvis, June (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MnMF_H5V9qwC&q=%22Emmeline+Pankhurst%22+Salford&pg=PA19"><i>Emmeline Pankhurst</i></a>, Routledge, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-23978-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-23978-8"><bdi>0-415-23978-8</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Emmeline+Pankhurst&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-415-23978-8&rft.aulast=Purvis&rft.aufirst=June&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMnMF_H5V9qwC%26q%3D%2522Emmeline%2BPankhurst%2522%2BSalford%26pg%3DPA19&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTomlinson1975" class="citation cs2">Tomlinson, V. I. (1975), Tom Bergin; Dorothy N. Pearce; Stanley Shaw (eds.), <i>Salford: a city and its past</i>, City of Salford [Cultural Services Department]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford%3A+a+city+and+its+past&rft.pub=City+of+Salford+%5BCultural+Services+Department%5D&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Tomlinson&rft.aufirst=V.+I.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTupling1952" class="citation cs2">Tupling, G. H. (1952), <i>The Turnpike Trusts of Lancashire</i>, vol. 94, Manchester: Memoirs and Proceedings of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society, session 1952–1953</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Turnpike+Trusts+of+Lancashire&rft.place=Manchester&rft.pub=Memoirs+and+Proceedings+of+the+Manchester+Literary+and+Philosophical+Society%2C+session+1952%E2%80%931953&rft.date=1952&rft.aulast=Tupling&rft.aufirst=G.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVigeon1975" class="citation cs2">Vigeon, Evelyn V. (1975), Tom Bergin; Dorothy N. Pearce; Stanley Shaw (eds.), <i>Salford: a city and its past</i>, City of Salford [Cultural Services Department]</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Salford%3A+a+city+and+its+past&rft.pub=City+of+Salford+%5BCultural+Services+Department%5D&rft.date=1975&rft.aulast=Vigeon&rft.aufirst=Evelyn+V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSociety_for_the_Diffusion_of_Useful_Knowledge1841" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Diffusion_of_Useful_Knowledge" title="Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge">Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge</a> (1841), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ha0rAAAAYAAJ"><i>Penny Cyclopaedia</i></a>, vol. 19–20, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Knight_(publisher)" title="Charles Knight (publisher)">Charles Knight</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Penny+Cyclopaedia&rft.pub=Charles+Knight&rft.date=1841&rft.au=Society+for+the+Diffusion+of+Useful+Knowledge&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHa0rAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2003" class="citation cs2">Walsh, Peter (2003), <i>Gang War: The Inside Story of the Manchester Gangs</i>, Milo Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-903854-29-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-903854-29-7"><bdi>978-1-903854-29-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gang+War%3A+The+Inside+Story+of+the+Manchester+Gangs&rft.pub=Milo+Books&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-903854-29-7&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Peter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASalford" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salford&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Salford" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Salford">Salford</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/40px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/60px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/80px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikivoyage has a travel guide for <i><b><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Salford#Q47952" class="extiw" title="wikivoyage:Salford">Salford</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salford.gov.uk/">www.salford.gov.uk</a>, Salford City Council</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Areas_and_suburbs_of_Salford" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Areas_of_Salford" title="Template:Areas of Salford"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Areas_of_Salford" title="Template talk:Areas of Salford"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Areas_of_Salford" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Areas of Salford"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Areas_and_suburbs_of_Salford" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Areas and suburbs of <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salford</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blackfriars,_Greater_Manchester" title="Blackfriars, Greater Manchester">Blackfriars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broughton,_Salford" title="Broughton, Salford">Broughton</a></li> <li>Claremont</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greengate,_Salford" title="Greengate, Salford">Greengate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irlams_o%27_th%27_Height" title="Irlams o' th' Height">Irlams o' th' Height</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kersal" title="Kersal">Kersal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langworthy,_Salford" title="Langworthy, Salford">Langworthy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordsall,_Greater_Manchester" title="Ordsall, Greater Manchester">Ordsall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Pendleton, Greater Manchester">Pendleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seedley" title="Seedley">Seedley</a></li> <li>Wallness</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weaste" title="Weaste">Weaste</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Ceremonial_county_of_Greater_Manchester" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist vcard mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Greater_Manchester" title="Template:Greater Manchester"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Greater_Manchester" title="Template talk:Greater Manchester"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Greater_Manchester" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Greater Manchester"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Ceremonial_county_of_Greater_Manchester" class="adr" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="category"><a href="/wiki/Ceremonial_counties_of_England" title="Ceremonial counties of England">Ceremonial county</a></span> of <span class="fn org region"><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester" title="Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><i><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greater_Manchester" title="Portal:Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester Portal</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Statutory City Region</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Combined_Authority" title="Greater Manchester Combined Authority">Greater Manchester Combined Authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_Statutory_City_Region" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Manchester Statutory City Region">Greater Manchester Statutory City Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mayor_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Mayor of Greater Manchester">Mayor of Greater Manchester</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Metropolitan districts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">City of Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_Salford" title="City of Salford">City of Salford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bolton" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bolton">Metropolitan Borough of Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Bury" title="Metropolitan Borough of Bury">Metropolitan Borough of Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Oldham" title="Metropolitan Borough of Oldham">Metropolitan Borough of Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Rochdale" title="Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale">Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Stockport" title="Metropolitan Borough of Stockport">Metropolitan Borough of Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tameside" title="Tameside">Metropolitan Borough of Tameside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trafford" title="Trafford">Metropolitan Borough of Trafford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Borough_of_Wigan" title="Metropolitan Borough of Wigan">Metropolitan Borough of Wigan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major settlements<br />(cities in italics)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altrincham" title="Altrincham">Altrincham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashton-in-Makerfield" title="Ashton-in-Makerfield">Ashton-in-Makerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ashton-under-Lyne" title="Ashton-under-Lyne">Ashton-under-Lyne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Astley, Greater Manchester">Astley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atherton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Atherton, Greater Manchester">Atherton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audenshaw" title="Audenshaw">Audenshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blackrod" title="Blackrod">Blackrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bolton" title="Bolton">Bolton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bramhall" title="Bramhall">Bramhall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bredbury" title="Bredbury">Bredbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bury,_Greater_Manchester" title="Bury, Greater Manchester">Bury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chadderton" title="Chadderton">Chadderton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheadle,_Greater_Manchester" title="Cheadle, Greater Manchester">Cheadle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheadle_Hulme" title="Cheadle Hulme">Cheadle Hulme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorlton-cum-Hardy" title="Chorlton-cum-Hardy">Chorlton-cum-Hardy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Didsbury" title="Didsbury">Didsbury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Denton, Greater Manchester">Denton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Droylsden" title="Droylsden">Droylsden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dukinfield" title="Dukinfield">Dukinfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eccles,_Greater_Manchester" title="Eccles, Greater Manchester">Eccles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Failsworth" title="Failsworth">Failsworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farnworth" title="Farnworth">Farnworth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golborne" title="Golborne">Golborne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hale,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hale, Greater Manchester">Hale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hazel_Grove" title="Hazel Grove">Hazel Grove</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heywood,_Greater_Manchester" title="Heywood, Greater Manchester">Heywood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindley,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hindley, Greater Manchester">Hindley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horwich" title="Horwich">Horwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyde,_Greater_Manchester" title="Hyde, Greater Manchester">Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ince-in-Makerfield" title="Ince-in-Makerfield">Ince-in-Makerfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irlam" title="Irlam">Irlam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kearsley" title="Kearsley">Kearsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leigh,_Greater_Manchester" title="Leigh, Greater Manchester">Leigh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Littleborough,_Greater_Manchester" title="Littleborough, Greater Manchester">Littleborough</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Little_Lever" title="Little Lever">Little Lever</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Manchester" title="Manchester">Manchester</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marple,_Greater_Manchester" title="Marple, Greater Manchester">Marple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middleton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Middleton, Greater Manchester">Middleton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milnrow" title="Milnrow">Milnrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mossley" title="Mossley">Mossley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oldham" title="Oldham">Oldham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orrell,_Greater_Manchester" title="Orrell, Greater Manchester">Orrell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Partington" title="Partington">Partington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pendlebury" title="Pendlebury">Pendlebury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prestwich" title="Prestwich">Prestwich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radcliffe,_Greater_Manchester" title="Radcliffe, Greater Manchester">Radcliffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramsbottom" title="Ramsbottom">Ramsbottom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reddish" title="Reddish">Reddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rochdale" title="Rochdale">Rochdale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romiley" title="Romiley">Romiley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Royton" title="Royton">Royton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sale,_Greater_Manchester" title="Sale, Greater Manchester">Sale</a></li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Salford</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaw_and_Crompton" title="Shaw and Crompton">Shaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stalybridge" title="Stalybridge">Stalybridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standish,_Greater_Manchester" title="Standish, Greater Manchester">Standish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport" title="Stockport">Stockport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stretford" title="Stretford">Stretford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swinton,_Greater_Manchester" title="Swinton, Greater Manchester">Swinton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tottington,_Greater_Manchester" title="Tottington, Greater Manchester">Tottington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tyldesley" title="Tyldesley">Tyldesley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urmston" title="Urmston">Urmston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walkden" title="Walkden">Walkden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westhoughton" title="Westhoughton">Westhoughton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whitefield,_Greater_Manchester" title="Whitefield, Greater Manchester">Whitefield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wigan" title="Wigan">Wigan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worsley" title="Worsley">Worsley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wythenshawe" title="Wythenshawe">Wythenshawe</a><br /><i>See also:</i> <b><a href="/wiki/List_of_civil_parishes_in_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="List of civil parishes in Greater Manchester">List of civil parishes in Greater Manchester</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Rivers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/River_Beal" title="River Beal">Beal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Bollin" title="River Bollin">Bollin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Croal" title="River Croal">Croal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Douglas,_Lancashire" title="River Douglas, Lancashire">Douglas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Etherow" title="River Etherow">Etherow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Goyt" title="River Goyt">Goyt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Irk" title="River Irk">Irk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Irwell" title="River Irwell">Irwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Medlock" title="River Medlock">Medlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Mersey" title="River Mersey">Mersey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Roch" title="River Roch">Roch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Spodden" title="River Spodden">Spodden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tame,_Greater_Manchester" title="River Tame, Greater Manchester">Tame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tib" title="River Tib">Tib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/River_Tonge" title="River Tonge">Tonge</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Canals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bridgewater_Canal" title="Bridgewater Canal">Bridgewater Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fletcher%27s_Canal" title="Fletcher's Canal">Fletcher's Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hulme_Locks_Branch_Canal" title="Hulme Locks Branch Canal">Hulme Locks Branch Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islington_Branch_Canal" title="Islington Branch Canal">Islington Branch Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Salford_Junction_Canal" title="Manchester and Salford Junction Canal">Manchester and Salford Junction Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Bolton_%26_Bury_Canal" title="Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal">Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Ship_Canal" title="Manchester Ship Canal">Manchester Ship Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Bolton_%26_Bury_Canal" title="Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal">Manchester Bolton & Bury Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_and_Salford_Junction_Canal" title="Manchester and Salford Junction Canal">Manchester and Salford Junction Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersey_and_Irwell_Navigation" title="Mersey and Irwell Navigation">Mersey and Irwell Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_Forest_Canal" title="Peak Forest Canal">Peak Forest Canal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockport_Branch_Canal" title="Stockport Branch Canal">Stockport Branch Canal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Parliamentary_constituencies_in_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Parliamentary constituencies in Greater Manchester">Parliamentary constituencies and Members of Parliament</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Crime in Greater Manchester">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycling_in_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycling in Manchester">Cycling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Demographics of Greater Manchester">Demography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_Greater_Manchester" title="List of people from Greater Manchester">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_art_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of public art in Greater Manchester">Public art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_schools_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of schools in Greater Manchester">Schools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Geography of Greater Manchester">Geography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Manchester_County_Council" title="Greater Manchester County Council">Greater Manchester County Council</a> (1974–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places in Greater Manchester">Places</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Greater_Manchester_settlements_by_population" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Greater Manchester settlements by population">Population of major settlements</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_castles_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of castles in Greater Manchester">Castles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_churches_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of churches in Greater Manchester">Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Flag of Greater Manchester">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_football_clubs_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of football clubs in Greater Manchester">Football clubs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_I_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade I listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade I listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grade_II*_listed_buildings_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Grade II* listed buildings in Greater Manchester">Grade II* listed buildings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_mills_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of mills in Greater Manchester">Mills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scheduled_monuments_in_Greater_Manchester" title="Scheduled monuments in Greater Manchester">Scheduled monuments</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Sites_of_Special_Scientific_Interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Greater Manchester">SSSIs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Greater_Manchester" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Greater Manchester">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Lieutenant_of_Greater_Manchester" title="Lord Lieutenant of Greater Manchester">Lord Lieutenant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Sheriff_of_Greater_Manchester" title="High Sheriff of Greater Manchester">High Sheriff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of museums in Greater Manchester">Museums</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_places_of_interest_in_Greater_Manchester" title="List of places of interest in Greater Manchester">Places of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Manchester" title="Transport in Manchester">Transport</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Transport_for_Greater_Manchester" title="Transport for Greater Manchester">Transport for Greater Manchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Airport" title="Manchester Airport">Manchester Airport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_Metrolink" title="Manchester Metrolink">Manchester Metrolink</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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href="/wiki/File:England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg/21px-England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg/32px-England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg/42px-England_Greater_Manchester_numbered.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="414" data-file-height="308" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Greater_Manchester" title="Portal:Greater Manchester">Greater Manchester</a></li></ul></div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47952#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/133682182">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4250680-3">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79128933">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Salford (Greater Manchester, Anglie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge624416&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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