Fósseis revelam a cabeça de milípede que chegava a 3 m - 11/10/2024 - Ciência

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class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/estados-unidos/">estados unidos</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/eleicoes-eua/">eleições EUA</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/china/">china</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/russia/">rússia</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/israel/">israel</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/coreia-do-norte/">coreia do norte</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/venezuela/">venezuela</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/guerra-da-ucrania/">guerra da ucrânia</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/guerra-israel-hamas/">guerra israel-hamas</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/onde-se-fala-portugues/">onde se fala português</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrioesaude/">saúde</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/equilibrio/">equilíbrio</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ciencia/">ciência</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ambiente/">ambiente</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <div class="c-list-menu__wrap-links"> <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrada/" class="u-link-clean"> ilustrada </a> <a class="u-link-clean c-list-menu__toggle link-icon" href="#sidebarmenu-ilustrada" data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-ilustrada"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-ilustrada" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/monicabergamo/">mônica bergamo</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://cartum.folha.uol.com.br/">quadrinhos</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/colunas/walter-porto/">painel das letras</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://colecoes.folha.com.br/">coleções folha</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/ilustrissima/">ilustríssima</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <div class="c-list-menu__wrap-links"> <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/esporte/" class="u-link-clean"> esporte </a> <a class="u-link-clean c-list-menu__toggle link-icon" href="#sidebarmenu-esporte" data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-esporte"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-esporte" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/esporte/campeonato-paulista/">campeonato paulista</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/olimpiadas/">olimpíadas</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/esporte/futebolinternacional/">futebol internacional</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/esporte/campeonato-brasileiro/">campeonato brasileiro</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <div class="c-list-menu__wrap-links"> <a href="" class="u-link-clean"> notícias por estado </a> <a class="u-link-clean c-list-menu__toggle link-icon" href="#sidebarmenu-noticias-por-estado" data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-noticias-por-estado"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-noticias-por-estado" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/sao-paulo-estado/">São Paulo</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/cotidiano/riodejaneiro/">Rio de Janeiro</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/minas-gerais-estado/">Minas Gerais</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/noticias-por-estado/">mais estados</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/podcasts/">podcasts</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <div class="c-list-menu__wrap-links"> <a href="https://f5.folha.uol.com.br" class="u-link-clean"> F5 </a> <a class="u-link-clean c-list-menu__toggle link-icon" href="#sidebarmenu-f5" data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-f5"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-f5" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/bichos/">Bichos</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/celebridades/">celebridades</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://f5.folha.uol.com.br/horoscopo/">horóscopo</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-social-mais/">Folha Social+</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://guia.folha.uol.com.br">guia folha</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/turismo/">turismo</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folhinha/">folhinha</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folhateen/">folhateen</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/comida/">comida</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/deltafolha/">deltafolha</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/dias-melhores/">dias melhores</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://seminariosfolha.folha.com.br/">Seminários Folha</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/empreendedorsocial/edicoes-anteriores.shtml">empreendedor social</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/tv/">tv folha</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/o-melhor-de-sao-paulo/">o melhor de sãopaulo</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <div class="c-list-menu__wrap-links"> <a href="" class="u-link-clean"> parceiros </a> <a class="u-link-clean c-list-menu__toggle link-icon" href="#sidebarmenu-parceiros" data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-parceiros"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-parceiros" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mercado/aeroin/">Aeroin</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/especial/2018/agencia-fapesp/">Agência Fapesp</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/bbc/">BBC News Brasil </a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/caixin/">Caixin</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/dw/">Deutsche Welle</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/financialtimes/ ">Financial Times</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/latinoamerica21/">Latinoamérica 21</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mensagem-de-lisboa/">Mensagem de Lisboa</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="http://piaui.folha.uol.com.br/">Piauí</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/publico/">Público</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://quatrocincoum.com.br/">Quatro Cinco Um</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/rfi/ ">Radio France Internationale</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/the-conversation/">The Conversation</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mundo/nyt/">The New York Times </a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/banco-de-dados/">banco de dados</a> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/paineldoleitor/">painel do leitor</a> </li> </ul> <div class="c-list-menu__divider"></div> <ul class="c-list-menu c-list-menu--insider"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <div class="c-list-menu__wrap-links"> <a href="" class="u-link-clean"> mais seções </a> <a class="u-link-clean c-list-menu__toggle link-icon" href="#sidebarmenu-mais-secoes" data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-mais-secoes"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-mais-secoes" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/es/">folha en español</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/internacional/en/">folha in english</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mapas/">Folha Mapas</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="http://folhaleaks.folha.com.br/">folhaleaks</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/">folha tópicos</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="http://transparencia.folha.uol.com.br">folha transparência</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/fsp">versão impressa</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/mapa-do-site/">Mapa do site</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <a class="u-link-clean" href="http://classificados1.folha.uol.com.br/">classificados</a> </li> </ul> <div class="c-list-menu__divider"></div> <ul class="c-list-menu c-list-menu--insider"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"> <div class="c-list-menu__wrap-links"> <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/falecomafolha/" class="u-link-clean"> fale com a folha </a> <a class="u-link-clean c-list-menu__toggle link-icon" href="#sidebarmenu-fale-com-a-folha" data-toggle="collapse" data-icon=".icon--chevron-down" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="sidebarmenu-fale-com-a-folha"> <svg xmlns="//www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--chevron-down" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M 6.2499999,9.800625 7.60125,8.449375 12,12.838542 16.39875,8.449375 17.75,9.800625 l -5.75,5.75 -5.75,-5.75 z"></path> </svg> </a> </div> <ul class="c-list-menu__sublist collapse" id="sidebarmenu-fale-com-a-folha" aria-expanded="false"> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/falecomafolha/">Canais para o leitor</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www.publicidade.folha.com.br">anuncie (publicidade folha)</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="http://atendimento.folha.com.br">atendimento ao assinante</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/erramos/">erramos</a></li> <li class="c-list-menu__item"><a class="u-link-clean" 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<div class="c-news__wrap"> <div class="c-signature"> <strong class="c-signature__author"> Will Dunham </strong> </div> </div> <div class="c-news__content"> <div class="c-signature c-signature--left" data-force-change-font-size> <strong class="c-signature__location"> Washington | Reuters</strong> </div> <div class="c-news__body" data-news-content-text data-disable-copy data-continue-reading data-continue-reading-hide-others=".js-continue-reading-hidden" data-age-rating="" itemprop="articleBody"> <p>Durante o Período Carbonífero, os níveis de oxigênio atmosférico da Terra aumentaram, ajudando algumas plantas e <a href="https://www1.folha.uol.com.br/folha-topicos/animais/">animais</a> a atingirem proporções gigantescas. Um exemplo notável foi o <em>Arthropleura</em>, o maior artrópode já conhecido, com até 3,2 metros de comprimento, e que habitava o que hoje é a América do Norte e a Europa.</p> <p>Embora seus fósseis sejam conhecidos desde 1854, existia uma grande lacuna na compreensão dessa criatura porque nenhum dos restos tinha uma cabeça bem preservada.</p> <p>A descoberta na França de dois fósseis de <em>Arthropleura </em>com cabeças intactas agora corrigiu isso, fornecendo os detalhes anatômicos necessários para os cientistas classificá-lo como um enorme milípede primitivo e determinar que não era um predador, mas sim um comedor de plantas.</p> <div data-clone-component=""><div class="widget-image rs_skip"> <figure> <div class="c-image-aspect-ratio c-image-aspect-ratio--3x2"> <img alt="" class="img-responsive c-lazyload c-image-aspect-ratio__image" data-srcset=" https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_th.jpg 100w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_xs.jpg 320w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_sm.jpg 480w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_md.jpg 768w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_lg.jpg 1024w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_xl.jpg 1200w, " data-sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 850px, 100vw" data-src="https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_md.jpg" height="66" width="100"> <noscript> <img alt="" class="img-responsive c-image-aspect-ratio__image" srcset=" https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_th.jpg 100w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_xs.jpg 320w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_sm.jpg 480w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_md.jpg 768w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_lg.jpg 1024w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_xl.jpg 1200w, " sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 850px, 100vw" src="https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859390267083fee5b447_1728593902_3x2_md.jpg" height="66" width="100"> </noscript> </div> <figcaption class="widget-image__subtitle"> Reconstrução de Arthropleura cujo fóssil foi encontrado na França; acima a vista dorsal; abixo, a vista ventral - <span class="widget-image__credits"> Lheritier et al. (2024)/via Reuters </span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div><p>Os exemplares, desenterrados em Montceau-les-Mines, são de indivíduos jovens, de cerca de 305 milhões de anos atrás. Na época, o local estava perto do equador, com um clima tropical e um ambiente pantanoso exuberante em vegetação. Enquanto o <em>Arthropleura </em>era o gigante desse ecossistema, os fósseis preservam jovens indivíduos com apenas quatro centímetros de comprimento.</p> <div class="c-advertising c-advertising--300x250 u-hidden-xs rs_skip"> <div id="banner-300x250-area-materia" class="c-advertising__banner-area"></div> </div> <p>Os fósseis mostraram que a cabeça do <em>Arthropleura </em>era aproximadamente circular, com antenas finas, olhos pedunculados e mandíbulas fixadas sob ela. <em>Arthropleura </em>tinha dois conjuntos de apêndices alimentares, o primeiro curto e redondo, e o segundo alongado e semelhante a pernas.</p> <p>Os espécimes reuniam 24 segmentos corporais e 44 pares de pernas. Com base em suas peças bucais e um corpo construído para locomoção lenta, os pesquisadores concluíram que <em>Arthropleura </em>era um detritívoro como os milípedes modernos, alimentando-se de plantas em decomposição, em vez de um predador como as centopeias.</p> <div class="player_dynad_tv rs_skip"></div> <p>Ele poderia ter desempenhado o mesmo papel em seu ecossistema que os elefantes hoje ou grandes dinossauros como os saurópodes de pescoço longo no passado: "Um animal grande passando a maior parte do tempo comendo", segundo o paleontólogo Mickaël Lhéritier do Laboratório de Geologia de Lyon na Universidade Claude Bernard Lyon 1, na França. Ele é autor principal do <a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adp6362" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">estudo </a>publicado nesta quarta-feira (9) na revista <a href="https://www.science.org/journal/sciadv" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Science Advances</a>.</p> <div data-clone-component=""><div class="widget-image rs_skip"> <figure> <div class="c-image-aspect-ratio c-image-aspect-ratio--2x3"> <img alt="A imagem mostra um fóssil de um inseto com um corpo segmentado e uma série de estruturas semelhantes a cerdas ao longo de seu comprimento. O fundo é de uma tonalidade cinza, destacando a forma e os detalhes do organismo. " class="img-responsive c-lazyload c-image-aspect-ratio__image" data-srcset=" https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_th.jpg 100w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_xs.jpg 320w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_sm.jpg 480w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_md.jpg 768w, " data-sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 850px, 100vw" data-src="https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_md.jpg" height="150" width="100"> <noscript> <img alt="A imagem mostra um fóssil de um inseto com um corpo segmentado e uma série de estruturas semelhantes a cerdas ao longo de seu comprimento. O fundo é de uma tonalidade cinza, destacando a forma e os detalhes do organismo. " class="img-responsive c-image-aspect-ratio__image" srcset=" https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_th.jpg 100w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_xs.jpg 320w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_sm.jpg 480w, https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_md.jpg 768w, " sizes="(min-width: 1024px) 850px, 100vw" src="https://f.i.uol.com.br/fotografia/2024/10/10/172859370267083f2685fae_1728593702_2x3_md.jpg" height="150" width="100"> </noscript> </div> <figcaption class="widget-image__subtitle"> Fóssil de jovem Arthropleura, de 305 milhões de anos atrás, encontrado na França - <span class="widget-image__credits"> Lheritier et al. (2024)/via Reuters </span> </figcaption> </figure> </div> </div><p>"É um animal bastante majestoso, seu gigantismo lhe confere uma aura peculiar, como a aura das baleias ou elefantes", disse Lhéritier. "Adoro imaginá-lo como a 'vaca' do Carbonífero, comendo durante a maior parte do dia, mas, é claro, uma vaca com exoesqueleto e muitas pernas a mais."</p> <p><em>Arthropleura </em>era o maior artrópode terrestre conhecido, um grupo que inclui insetos, aranhas, piolhos-de-cobra, centopeias, lagostas e caranguejos.</p> <p>A anatomia de sua cabeça forneceu evidências de que piolhos-de-cobra e centopeias estão mais intimamente relacionados do que se pensava.</p> <p>"Essas características anatômicas são bastante marcantes porque, mesmo que o corpo de <em>Arthropleura </em>exiba características semelhantes às de piolhos-de-cobra —dois pares de pernas por segmento—, as características da cabeça são uma mistura de piolho-de-cobra e centopeia", afirmou Lhéritier.</p> <div class="c-advertising c-advertising--300x250 u-hidden-xs rs_skip"> <div id="banner-bottom-materia" class="c-advertising__banner-area"></div> </div> <p>As antenas do <em>Arthropleura </em>são semelhantes às de milípedes, com sete segmentos. A forma de seus apêndices alimentares e a posição das mandíbulas são semelhantes às de centopeias, embora a forma das mandíbulas seja semelhante à de milípedes.</p> <p>Os olhos pedunculados, como os de um caranguejo, são marcantes porque nenhum membro vivo do grupo de artrópodes que inclui milípedes e centopeias —chamados de miriápodes— têm esse tipo de olho.</p> <p>Com os novos fósseis, os pesquisadores conduziram uma análise combinando dados anatômicos e genéticos para centopeias e milípedes e chegaram à conclusão de que o <em>Arthropleura </em>é "um milípede ancestral".</p> <p>"Mesmo que tivesse algumas partes bucais de centopeia, a anatomia de seu tronco parece indicar que não era carnívoro como as centopeias modernas, pois não possuía forcípulas —'presas' de centopeia— ou quaisquer apêndices construídos para caça. Ter dois pares de pernas por segmento, como os milípedes, afetou sua locomoção e significa que era um artrópode bastante lento," disse o pesquisador.</p> <p>Outros exemplos de gigantismo de artrópodes do Carbonífero incluíam <em>Meganeura</em>, uma libélula do tamanho de uma águia, e <em>Pulmonoscorpius</em>, um escorpião com mais de um metro de comprimento.</p> <div class="c-advertising c-advertising--300x250 u-hidden-xs rs_skip"> <div id="banner-bottom-materia-2" class="c-advertising__banner-area"></div> </div> <p>"Há dois possíveis fatores para explicar isso: um pico de concentração de oxigênio na atmosfera durante o Carbonífero e a disponibilidade de recursos. Como os artrópodes colonizaram a terra antes dos vertebrados, tiveram acesso a novos recursos que favoreceram sua diversificação, e algumas espécies puderam atingir tamanhos gigantescos," explicou Lhéritier.</p> </div> <div class="js-continue-reading-hidden"> </div> <div class="c-retraction js-continue-reading-hidden" id="erramos"> <div class="c-retraction__header"> <div class="c-retraction__media u-no-print"> <svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" height="24" viewBox="0 0 23 22" width="24" class="icon icon--warning icon--medium rs_skip" aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M1 21h22L12 2 1 21zm12-3h-2v-2h2v2zm0-4h-2v-4h2v4z"/> </svg> </div> <h6 class="c-retraction__title">Erramos: o texto foi alterado</h6> </div> <div class="c-retraction__body"> <time class="c-retraction__modified-date" datetime="2024-10-11 22:40:00"> 11.out.2024 às 22h40 </time> <p>O Arthropleura, um animal milípede, foi incorretamente chamado de inseto em versão anterior deste texto.<br>  </p> </div> </div> <div class="c-news__stars u-no-print js-continue-reading-hidden"> <svg viewBox="0 0 51 12" xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" class="stars" aria-hidden="true"> <g fill="none" fill-rule="evenodd"> <path fill="#E51717" d="M8.77 7.59l1.411 4.379-3.717-2.711-3.718 2.71 1.429-4.377L.457 4.898h4.597L6.464.522l1.428 4.376h4.597z"/> <path fill="#2BACE2" d="M27.71 7.59l1.411 4.379-3.717-2.711-3.718 2.71 1.429-4.377-3.718-2.693h4.597l1.41-4.376 1.428 4.376h4.597z"/> <path fill="#000" d="M46.65 7.59l1.411 4.379-3.717-2.711-3.718 2.71 1.429-4.377-3.718-2.693h4.597l1.41-4.376 1.428 4.376h4.597z"/> </g> </svg> </div> <div class="c-tools-share c-tools-share--margin-bottom c-tools-share--bordered-md toolbar" aria-hidden="" data-share-newstext > <ul aria-label="Opções de compartilhamento" class="c-tools-share__list c-tools-share__list-first rs_preserve"> <li class="c-tools-share__item" data-share-button="gift"> <div data-modal-drop data-qty-collumn="3.4" class="c-modal-drop"> <button aria-label="Ver todas opções de compartilhamento" data-trigger class="c-tools-share__button--gift gift-item" title="Assinantes..."> <span><svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="10" height="16" viewBox="0 0 10 16" class="icon-f"> <path d="M0 16H6.72666V15.2667L4.83067 14.92V8.52H6.88934L7.35734 10.64H8.15334V5.46267H7.35734L6.88934 7.44H4.83067V1.08H7.46L8.78534 4.708H9.58V0H0.0199992V0.754669L1.508 1.04V14.92L0 15.2667V16Z"/> </svg> dê um conteúdo</span> </button> <div aria-hidden="true" data-content class="c-tools-share__modal c-modal-drop__content c-modal-drop__content--no-padding c-modal-drop--gift"> <div class="c-modal-drop__controls u-hidden-md"> <button aria-label="Fechar seção de opções" data-close class="c-modal-drop__close"> <svg xmlns="https://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 16 16" width="24" height="24" class="icon icon--close icon--tiny " aria-hidden="true"> <path d="M16 1.61L14.39 0 8 6.39 1.61 0 0 1.61 6.39 8 0 14.39 1.61 16 8 9.61 14.39 16 16 14.39 9.61 8z"/> </svg> </button> </div> <div class="rs_skip" data-subscribe-advertising data-subscriber="[data-subscriber]" data-visitor="[data-visitor]"> <div data-subscriber class="is-hidden c-tools-share--larger c-tools-share--gift"> <p class="c-tools-share__title">benefício do assinante</p> <p class="c-tools-share__info">Você tem <strong>7 acessos por dia</strong> para dar de presente. 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0-.15-.05-.275-.125-.375-.1-.1-.25-.2-.475-.3-.225-.1-.55-.175-.95-.275-1.875-.425-2.775-1.225-2.775-2.4zM94.675 15.825v1.625c-.375.125-.8.2-1.275.2-1.525 0-2.275-.775-2.275-2.325v-4h-1.1V9.75h1.1V7.825h2.15V9.75h1.3v1.575h-1.3v3.725c0 .3.05.525.175.625.125.1.325.175.6.175.25.025.45.025.625-.025z"/> <g> <path d="M105.825 7.55c.6.3 1.05.7 1.375 1.225.325.525.475 1.125.475 1.8s-.15 1.25-.475 1.75c-.325.5-.775.875-1.375 1.15-.6.275-1.3.4-2.1.4h-1.85V17.5h-2.25V7.1h4.1c.8 0 1.5.15 2.1.45zM105 11.675c.275-.275.425-.625.425-1.075 0-.3-.05-.575-.175-.825-.125-.25-.3-.45-.55-.6-.25-.15-.575-.225-.95-.225h-1.85v3.15h1.85c.55-.025.975-.175 1.25-.425zM112.775 9.65c.125.025.225.025.3.05l-.025 2.075c-.275-.05-.525-.05-.775-.05-.775 0-1.275.25-1.5.775v5h-2.15V9.775h2.025l.075.925c.2-.35.425-.625.725-.8.3-.175.625-.275 1-.275.075 0 .2 0 .325.025zM114 11.525c.3-.6.7-1.075 1.25-1.4.55-.35 1.2-.5 1.975-.5.775 0 1.425.175 2 .5.55.35.975.8 1.275 1.4.3.6.425 1.275.425 2.025v.15c0 .75-.15 1.425-.425 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Fósseis revelam a cabeça de milípede que chegava a 3 m - 11/10/2024 - Ciência - Folha