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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ethnic group</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Jamaican Jews <br /> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1241449095">.mw-parser-output .script-hebrew,.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL SR","Ezra SIL","SBL Hebrew","Taamey Frank CLM","SBL BibLit","Taamey Ashkenaz","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey David CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli",Cardo,Alef,"Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre",David,"Times New Roman",Gisha,Arial,FreeSerif,FreeSans}</style><span class="script-hebrew" style="font-size: 110%;" dir="rtl">יהודים ג'מייקינים</span>‎</caption><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Total population</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">506<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Regions with significant populations</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Languages</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_English" title="Jamaican English">Jamaican English</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Patois" title="Jamaican Patois">Jamaican Patois</a>, <a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Religion</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#b0c4de; color:inherit;">Related ethnic groups</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Hershkovitch from Sanok Poland. </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle">Part of <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Judaism" title="Outline of Judaism">a series</a> on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="font-size:180%;"><a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a> and <a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Judaism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-above" style="font-weight:normal;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jew_(word)" title="Jew (word)">Etymology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who_is_a_Jew%3F" title="Who is a Jew?">Who is a Jew?</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism" title="Judaism">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/God_in_Judaism" title="God in Judaism">God in Judaism</a> (<a href="/wiki/Names_of_God_in_Judaism" title="Names of God in Judaism">names</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_principles_of_faith" title="Jewish principles of faith">Principles of faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitzvah" title="Mitzvah">Mitzvot</a> (<a href="/wiki/613_commandments" title="613 commandments">613</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Halakha" title="Halakha">Halakha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabbat" title="Shabbat">Shabbat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_holidays" title="Jewish holidays">Holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_prayer" title="Jewish prayer">Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tzedakah" title="Tzedakah">Tzedakah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laws_and_customs_of_the_Land_of_Israel_in_Judaism" title="Laws and customs of the Land of Israel in Judaism"><span class="wrap">Land of Israel</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brit_milah" title="Brit milah">Brit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bar_and_bat_mitzvah" title="Bar and bat mitzvah"><span class="wrap">Bar and bat mitzvah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_views_on_marriage" title="Jewish views on marriage">Marriage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bereavement_in_Judaism" title="Bereavement in Judaism">Bereavement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baal_teshuva_movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Baal teshuva movement">Baal teshuva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_philosophy" title="Jewish philosophy">Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethics" title="Jewish ethics">Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kabbalah" title="Kabbalah">Kabbalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minhag" title="Minhag">Customs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nusach_(Jewish_custom)" title="Nusach (Jewish custom)">Rites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synagogue" title="Synagogue">Synagogue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">Rabbi</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Sifrei_Kodesh" title="Sifrei Kodesh">Texts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Hebrew_Bible" title="Hebrew Bible">Tanakh</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Torah" title="Torah">Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevi%27im" title="Nevi'im">Nevi'im</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketuvim" title="Ketuvim">Ketuvim</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Talmud" title="Talmud">Talmud</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mishnah" title="Mishnah">Mishnah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gemara" title="Gemara">Gemara</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_literature" title="Rabbinic literature">Rabbinic</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Midrash" title="Midrash">Midrash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tosefta" title="Tosefta">Tosefta</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Targum" title="Targum">Targum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beit_Yosef_(book)" title="Beit Yosef (book)">Beit Yosef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mishneh_Torah" title="Mishneh Torah">Mishneh Torah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arba%27ah_Turim" title="Arba'ah Turim">Tur</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Shulchan_Aruch" title="Shulchan Aruch">Shulchan Aruch</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zohar" title="Zohar">Zohar</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_history" title="Jewish history">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> General</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jewish_history" title="Timeline of Jewish history">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Land_of_Israel" title="Land of Israel">Land of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_name_Judea" title="Timeline of the name Judea">Name "Judea"</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_antisemitism" title="History of antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Judaism" title="Anti-Judaism">Anti-Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Persecution_of_Jews" title="Persecution of Jews">Persecution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_leadership" title="Jewish leadership">Leaders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Jewish_historiography" title="Modern Jewish historiography">Modern historiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population" title="Historical Jewish population">Historical population comparisons</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Israel_and_Judah" title="History of ancient Israel and Judah">Ancient Israel</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_Tribes_of_Israel" title="Twelve Tribes of Israel">Twelve Tribes of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Judah" title="Kingdom of Judah"><span class="wrap">Kingdom of Judah</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Israel_(Samaria)" title="Kingdom of Israel (Samaria)">Kingdom of Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jerusalem_in_Judaism" title="Jerusalem in Judaism">in Judaism</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Jerusalem" title="Timeline of Jerusalem">timeline</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temple_in_Jerusalem" title="Temple in Jerusalem"><span class="wrap">Temple in Jerusalem</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Solomon%27s_Temple" title="Solomon's Temple">First</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple" title="Second Temple">Second</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_captivity" title="Assyrian captivity"><span class="wrap">Assyrian captivity</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babylonian_captivity" title="Babylonian captivity"><span class="wrap">Babylonian captivity</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_period" title="Second Temple period">Second Temple period</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yehud_Medinata" title="Yehud Medinata">Yehud Medinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maccabean_Revolt" title="Maccabean Revolt">Maccabean Revolt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasmonean_dynasty" title="Hasmonean dynasty"><span class="wrap">Hasmonean dynasty</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanhedrin" title="Sanhedrin">Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_schisms" title="Jewish schisms">Schisms</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Pharisees" title="Pharisees">Pharisees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sadducees" title="Sadducees">Sadducees</a>, <a href="/wiki/Essenes" title="Essenes">Essenes</a>, <a href="/wiki/Zealots" title="Zealots">Zealots</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sicarii" title="Sicarii">Sicarii</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Temple_Judaism" title="Second Temple Judaism">Second Temple Judaism</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_Judaism" title="Hellenistic Judaism">Hellenistic Judaism</a></span>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish%E2%80%93Roman_wars" title="Jewish–Roman wars">Jewish–Roman wars</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/First_Jewish-Roman_War" class="mw-redirect" title="First Jewish-Roman War">Great Revolt</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Diaspora_revolt" class="mw-redirect" title="Diaspora revolt">Diaspora</a></span>, <span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Bar_Kokhba_revolt" title="Bar Kokhba revolt">Bar Kokhba</a></span>)</li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_period" title="Rabbinic period">Rabbinic period</a> and Middle Ages</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rabbinic_Judaism" title="Rabbinic Judaism">Rabbinic Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Byzantine_Empire" title="History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire">History of the Jews in the Byzantine Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_Judaism" title="Christianity and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Christianity and Judaism</span></a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Jews_and_Christmas" title="Jews and Christmas">Jews and Christmas</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_and_Judaism" title="Hinduism and Judaism"><span class="wrap">Hinduism and Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic%E2%80%93Jewish_relations" title="Islamic–Jewish relations"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Islamic–Jewish</span> relations</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_European_Jews_in_the_Middle_Ages" title="History of European Jews in the Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_Jewish_culture_in_Spain" title="Golden age of Jewish culture in Spain">Golden Age</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Modern era</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Haskalah" title="Haskalah">Haskalah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabbateans" title="Sabbateans">Sabbateans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_atheism" title="Jewish atheism">Jewish atheism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_emancipation" title="Jewish emancipation">Emancipation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Zionism" title="History of Zionism">Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Soviet_Union" title="History of the Jews in the Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Israel" title="History of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arab%E2%80%93Israeli_conflict" title="Arab–Israeli conflict"><span class="wrap"><span class="nowrap">Arab–Israeli</span> conflict</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_ethnic_divisions" title="Jewish ethnic divisions">Communities</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazim</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galician_Jews" title="Galician Jews">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Litvaks" title="Litvaks">Litvak</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jews" title="Mizrahi Jews">Mizrahim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jews" title="Sephardic Jews">Sephardim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Teimanim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_Israel" title="Beta Israel">Beta Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Gruzinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Jews" title="Mountain Jews">Juhurim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jews" title="Bukharan Jews">Bukharim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Jews" title="Italian Jews">Italkim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romaniote_Jews" title="Romaniote Jews">Romanyotim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cochin_Jews" title="Cochin Jews">Cochinim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bene_Israel" title="Bene Israel">Bene Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berber_Jews" title="Berber Jews">Berber</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Related groups</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Bnei_Anusim" title="Sephardic Bnei Anusim">Bnei Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lemba_people" title="Lemba people">Lemba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crimean_Karaites" title="Crimean Karaites">Crimean Karaites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krymchaks" title="Krymchaks">Krymchaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaifeng_Jews" title="Kaifeng Jews">Kaifeng Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samaritans" title="Samaritans">Samaritans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crypto-Judaism" title="Crypto-Judaism">Crypto-Jews</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anusim" title="Anusim">Anusim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%B6nmeh" title="Dönmeh">Dönmeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marrano" title="Marrano">Marranos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neofiti" title="Neofiti">Neofiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xueta" title="Xueta">Xueta</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_tribes_of_Arabia" title="Jewish tribes of Arabia">Mosaic Arabs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subbotniks" title="Subbotniks">Subbotniks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noahidism" title="Noahidism">Noahides</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_population_by_country" title="Jewish population by country">Population</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_by_country" title="Judaism by country">Judaism by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_Jews" title="Lists of Jews">Lists of Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_diaspora" title="Jewish diaspora">Diaspora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Jewish_population_by_country" title="Historical Jewish population by country">Historical population by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genetic_studies_of_Jews" title="Genetic studies of Jews">Genetic studies</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Demographic_history_of_Palestine_(region)" title="Demographic history of Palestine (region)">Palestine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Old_Yishuv" title="Old Yishuv">Old Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yishuv" title="Yishuv">New Yishuv</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Jews" title="Israeli Jews">Israeli Jews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Jews" title="Palestinian Jews">Palestinian Jews</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Africa" title="History of the Jews in Africa">Africa</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Algeria" title="History of the Jews in Algeria">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Angola" title="History of the Jews in Angola">Angola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_of_Bilad_el-Sudan" title="Jews of Bilad el-Sudan">Bilad-el-Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Botswana" title="History of the Jews in Botswana">Botswana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cameroon" title="History of the Jews in Cameroon">Cameroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cape_Verde" title="History of the Jews in Cape Verde">Cape Verde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Benin" title="History of the Jews in Benin">Benin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Democratic Republic of the Congo">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Djibouti" title="History of the Jews in Djibouti">Djibouti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Egypt" title="History of the Jews in Egypt">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ethiopia" title="History of the Jews in Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eritrea" title="History of the Jews in Eritrea">Eritrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Eswatini" title="History of the Jews in Eswatini">Eswatini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Gabon" title="History of the Jews in Gabon">Gabon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Gambia" title="History of the Jews in the Gambia">Gambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ghana" title="History of the Jews in Ghana">Ghana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea" title="History of the Jews in Guinea">Guinea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guinea-Bissau" title="History of the Jews in Guinea-Bissau">Guinea-Bissau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ivory_Coast" title="History of the Jews in Ivory Coast">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kenya" title="History of the Jews in Kenya">Kenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Libya" title="History of the Jews in Libya">Libya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Madagascar" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Madagascar">Madagascar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malawi" title="History of the Jews in Malawi">Malawi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mali" title="History of the Jews in Mali">Mali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mauritius" title="History of the Jews in Mauritius">Mauritius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Moroccan_Jews" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Moroccan Jews">Morocco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mozambique" title="History of the Jews in Mozambique">Mozambique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Namibia" title="History of the Jews in Namibia">Namibia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nigeria" title="History of the Jews in Nigeria">Nigeria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Igbo_Jews" title="Igbo Jews">Igbo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Republic_of_the_Congo" title="History of the Jews in the Republic of the Congo">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe" title="History of the Jews in São Tomé and Príncipe">São Tomé and Príncipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sierra_Leone" title="History of the Jews in Sierra Leone">Sierra Leone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Jews_in_Somalia" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Jews in Somalia">Somalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Africa" title="History of the Jews in South Africa"><span class="wrap">South Africa</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sudan" title="History of the Jews in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tanzania" title="History of the Jews in Tanzania">Tanzania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tunisia" title="History of the Jews in Tunisia">Tunisia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uganda" title="History of the Jews in Uganda">Uganda</a> (<a href="/wiki/Abayudaya" title="Abayudaya">Abayudaya</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zambia" title="History of the Jews in Zambia">Zambia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Zimbabwe" title="History of the Jews in Zimbabwe">Zimbabwe</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Asia</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Afghanistan" title="History of the Jews in Afghanistan">Afghanistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bahrain" title="History of the Jews in Bahrain">Bahrain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cambodia" title="History of the Jews in Cambodia">Cambodia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_China" title="History of the Jews in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Hong_Kong" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Hong Kong">Hong Kong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_India" title="History of the Jews in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Indonesia" title="History of the Jews in Indonesia">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iran" title="History of the Jews in Iran">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Iraq" title="History of the Jews in Iraq">Iraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_and_Judaism_in_the_Land_of_Israel" title="History of the Jews and Judaism in the Land of Israel">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Japan" title="History of the Jews in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Jordan" title="History of the Jews in Jordan">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kazakhstan" title="History of the Jews in Kazakhstan">Kazakhstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kurdistan" title="History of the Jews in Kurdistan">Kurdistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kuwait" title="History of the Jews in Kuwait">Kuwait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Kyrgyzstan" title="History of the Jews in Kyrgyzstan">Kyrgyzstan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lebanon" title="History of the Jews in Lebanon">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Malaysia" title="History of the Jews in Malaysia">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mongolia" title="History of the Jews in Mongolia">Mongolia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Myanmar" title="History of the Jews in Myanmar">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_Nepal" title="Judaism in Nepal">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oman" title="History of the Jews in Oman">Oman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Pakistan" title="History of the Jews in Pakistan">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Philippines" title="History of the Jews in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Qatar" title="History of the Jews in Qatar">Qatar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saudi_Arabia" title="History of the Jews in Saudi Arabia">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Korea" title="History of the Jews in South Korea">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Singapore" title="History of the Jews in Singapore">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sri_Lanka" title="History of the Jews in Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Syria" title="History of the Jews in Syria">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Tajikistan" title="History of the Jews in Tajikistan">Tajikistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Taiwan" class="mw-redirect" title="Jews in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Thailand" title="History of the Jews in Thailand">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Turkey" title="History of the Jews in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Arab_Emirates" title="History of the Jews in the United Arab Emirates">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uzbekistan" title="History of the Jews in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Vietnam" title="History of the Jews in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yemenite_Jews" title="Yemenite Jews">Yemen</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Europe" title="History of the Jews in Europe">Europe</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Armenia" title="History of the Jews in Armenia">Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Austria" title="History of the Jews in Austria">Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Azerbaijan" title="History of the Jews in Azerbaijan">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Belarus" title="History of the Jews in Belarus">Belarus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bulgaria" title="History of the Jews in Bulgaria">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cyprus" title="History of the Jews in Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Czech_lands" title="History of the Jews in the Czech lands">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Denmark" title="History of the Jews in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Estonia" title="History of the Jews in Estonia">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Finland" title="History of the Jews in Finland">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_France" title="History of the Jews in France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Jews" title="Georgian Jews">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Germany" title="History of the Jews in Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Greece" title="History of the Jews in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Hungary" title="History of the Jews in Hungary">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Italy" title="History of the Jews in Italy">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latvia" title="History of the Jews in Latvia">Latvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Lithuania" title="History of the Jews in Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Moldova" title="History of the Jews in Moldova">Moldova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Netherlands" title="History of the Jews in the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Norway" title="History of the Jews in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Poland" title="History of the Jews in Poland">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Portugal" title="History of the Jews in Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Romania" title="History of the Jews in Romania">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Russia" title="History of the Jews in Russia">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Serbia" title="History of the Jews in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Spain" title="History of the Jews in Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sweden" title="History of the Jews in Sweden">Sweden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ukraine" title="History of the Jews in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="History of the Jews in the United Kingdom"><span class="wrap">United Kingdom</span></a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Northern America</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jews_in_Greenland" title="Jews in Greenland">Greenland</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="History of the Jews in Latin America and the Caribbean">Latin America and Caribbean</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic"><span class="wrap">Dominican Republic</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_El_Salvador" title="History of the Jews in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guyana" title="History of the Jews in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Haiti" title="History of the Jews in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay" title="History of the Jews in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of the Jews in Puerto Rico"><span class="wrap">Puerto Rico</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uruguay" title="History of the Jews in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Oceania" title="History of the Jews in Oceania">Oceania</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Australia" title="History of the Jews in Australia">Australia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Fiji" title="History of the Jews in Fiji">Fiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guam" title="History of the Jews in Guam">Guam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_New_Zealand" title="History of the Jews in New Zealand">New Zealand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Palau" title="History of the Jews in Palau">Palau</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_movements" title="Jewish religious movements">Denominations</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Judaism" title="Orthodox Judaism">Orthodox</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Modern_Orthodox_Judaism" title="Modern Orthodox Judaism">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haredi_Judaism" title="Haredi Judaism">Haredi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hasidic_Judaism" title="Hasidic Judaism">Hasidic</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism"><span class="wrap">Reform</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Judaism" title="Conservative Judaism">Conservative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Karaite_Judaism" title="Karaite Judaism">Karaite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reconstructionist_Judaism" title="Reconstructionist Judaism">Reconstructionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Renewal" title="Jewish Renewal">Renewal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Science" title="Jewish Science">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haymanot" title="Haymanot">Haymanot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistic_Judaism" title="Humanistic Judaism">Humanistic</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_culture" title="Jewish culture">Culture</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> Customs</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minyan" title="Minyan">Minyan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_wedding" title="Jewish wedding">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_religious_clothing" title="Jewish religious clothing">Clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niddah" title="Niddah">Niddah</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Pidyon_haben" title="Pidyon haben">Pidyon haben</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kashrut" title="Kashrut">Kashrut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shidduch" title="Shidduch">Shidduch</a></li> <li><span title="Hebrew-language romanization"><i lang="he-Latn"><a href="/wiki/Zeved_habat" title="Zeved habat">Zeved habat</a></i></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_to_Judaism" title="Conversion to Judaism"><span class="wrap">Conversion to Judaism</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aliyah" title="Aliyah">Aliyah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiloni" title="Hiloni">Hiloni</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_music" title="Jewish music">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Jewish_music" title="Religious Jewish music">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secular_Jewish_music" title="Secular Jewish music">Secular</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_art" title="Jewish art">Art</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Jewish_art" title="Ancient Jewish art">Ancient</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_theatre" title="Yiddish theatre">Yiddish theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_dance" title="Jewish dance">Dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_humor" title="Jewish humor">Humour</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine" title="Jewish cuisine">Cuisine</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Jewish_cuisine" title="American Jewish cuisine">American</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_cuisine#Ashkenazi" title="Jewish cuisine">Ashkenazi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharan_Jewish_cuisine" title="Bukharan Jewish cuisine">Bukharan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Jewish_cuisine" title="Ethiopian Jewish cuisine">Ethiopian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_cuisine" title="Israeli cuisine">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Israelite_cuisine" title="Ancient Israelite cuisine">Israelite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mizrahi_Jewish_cuisine" title="Mizrahi Jewish cuisine">Mizrahi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sephardic_Jewish_cuisine" title="Sephardic Jewish cuisine">Sephardic</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_literature" title="Jewish literature">Literature</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_literature" title="Israeli literature">Israeli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_literature" title="Yiddish literature">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat_literature" title="Judeo-Tat literature">Judeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_American_literature" title="Jewish American literature">American</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Jewish_languages" title="Jewish languages">Languages</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hebrew_language" title="Hebrew language">Hebrew</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Hebrew" title="Biblical Hebrew">Biblical</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yeshivish" title="Yeshivish">Yeshivish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Koine_Greek" title="Jewish Koine Greek">Jewish Koine Greek</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yevanic_language" title="Yevanic language">Yevanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Tat" title="Judeo-Tat">Judeo-Tat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Shassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Iranian_languages" title="Judeo-Iranian languages">Judaeo-Iranian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Spanish" title="Judaeo-Spanish">Judaeo-Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Gascon" title="Judeo-Gascon">Judeo-Gascon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Algerian_Jewish_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Jewish Sign Language">Ghardaïa Sign</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bukharian_(Judeo-Tajik_dialect)" title="Bukharian (Judeo-Tajik dialect)">Bukharian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knaanic_language" title="Knaanic language">Knaanic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zarphatic_language" title="Zarphatic language">Zarphatic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Italian_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Italian languages">Judeo-Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judaeo-Georgian" title="Judaeo-Georgian">Judaeo-Georgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Aramaic_languages" title="Judeo-Aramaic languages">Judeo-Aramaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Arabic_dialects" class="mw-redirect" title="Judeo-Arabic dialects">Judeo-Arabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Berber_language" title="Judeo-Berber language">Judeo-Berber</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judeo-Malayalam" title="Judeo-Malayalam">Judeo-Malayalam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domari_language" title="Domari language">Domari</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Judaism_and_politics" title="Judaism and politics">Politics</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base, #202122 ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Jewish_political_movements" title="Jewish political movements">Jewish political movements</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Autonomism" title="Jewish Autonomism">Autonomism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bundism" title="Bundism">Bundism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_feminism" title="Jewish feminism">Feminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_left" title="Jewish left">Leftism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_secularism" title="Jewish secularism">Secularism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jewish_Territorial_Organization" title="Jewish Territorial Organization">Territorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Agudath_Israel" title="World Agudath Israel">World Agudath Israel</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Zionism" title="Zionism">Zionism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/General_Zionists" title="General Zionists">General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Zionism" title="Green Zionism">Green</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_Zionism" title="Labor Zionism">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kahanism" title="Kahanism">Kahanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Maximalism" title="Revisionist Maximalism">Maximalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Zionism" title="Neo-Zionism">Neo-Zionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religious_Zionism" title="Religious Zionism">Religious</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Revisionist_Zionism" title="Revisionist Zionism">Revisionist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-Zionism" title="Post-Zionism">Post-Zionism</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Jews_and_Judaism" title="Category:Jews and Judaism">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Portal</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Jews_and_Judaism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Jews and Judaism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>history of the Jews in Jamaica</b> predominantly dates back to migrants from <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a> and <a href="/wiki/Portugal" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>. Starting in 1509, many Jews began fleeing from Spain because of the persecution of the Holy Inquisition.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the English captured Jamaica from Spain in 1655, the Jews who were living as <a href="/wiki/Converso" title="Converso">conversos</a> began to practice Judaism openly.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1611, the Island of Jamaica had reached an estimated population of 1,500 people.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An estimated 75 of those people were described as "foreigners," which may have included some Portuguese Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Jamaican Jews were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Atlantic_slave_trade" title="Atlantic slave trade">Atlantic slave trade</a>, both owning and trading in enslaved Black people.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Jewish_pirates" title="Jewish pirates">Jewish pirates</a></div> <p>The first Jews came to the island during the Spanish occupation of the Island, 1494–1655. With the influx of Jews to Jamaica in the 17th century, multiple synagogues were constructed across the island in such cities as Montego Bay, Spanish Town, Port Royal, and Kingston. A synagogue built in Spanish Town, the Sephardic Kahal Kadosh Neveh Shalom ("Habitation of Peace"), was consecrated in 1704. Jews came from Spain and Portugal, having fled the Spanish Inquisition. During the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a>, the Spanish government required the Jews to leave the country or convert to <a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholicism</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The punishment for disobedience was death.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To conceal their identity they referred to themselves as "Portuguese" or "Spanish" and practiced their religion secretly. At the time of the <a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Jamaica" title="Invasion of Jamaica">English conquest of the island in 1655</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Robert_Venables" title="Robert Venables">Robert Venables</a> recorded the presence of many "Portuguese" in Jamaica. Details pertaining to how many times or any of these Portuguese were Jews or <a href="/wiki/New_Christians" class="mw-redirect" title="New Christians">New Christians</a> is unknown.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Also, it is unclear how many of these possible New Christians converted to Judaism.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Portuguese on the island were often persecuted by the Spanish and so many helped the English with their invasion.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jews were allowed to remain after the conquest and began to practice their religion openly. They were granted English citizenship by <a href="/wiki/Oliver_Cromwell" title="Oliver Cromwell">Oliver Cromwell</a>, which was confirmed in 1660 by King <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a>. For many Jews, Jamaica became a safe place they could live in without fear of persecution.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Jews from Amsterdam, Bordeaux, and Bayonne moved to Jamaica, mostly residing in <a href="/wiki/Port_Royal" title="Port Royal">Port Royal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Port Royal even had what was called a Jew Street.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1672 thirty-one Port Royal merchants petitioned the governor complaining of large numbers of Jewish retail merchants active on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Abraham_Blauvelt" title="Abraham Blauvelt">Abraham Blauvelt</a> was a <a href="/wiki/Dutch_people" title="Dutch people">Dutch</a>-<a href="/wiki/Jewish_pirates" title="Jewish pirates">Jewish pirate</a>, privateer, and explorer of <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a> and the western <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a>, after whom the towns of <a href="/wiki/Bluefields" title="Bluefields">Bluefields</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bluefields,_Jamaica" title="Bluefields, Jamaica">Bluefields, Jamaica</a>, were both named.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1719, the synagogue Kahal Kadosh Neve Tsedek was built.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was originally planned to turn Jamaica into an agricultural powerhouse, but this plan failed.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, for local merchants, Port Royal became a successful center for trade.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Port Royal became an attractive place to trade commodities such as gold, silver, porcelain, embroidery, and silk.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jews participated as well, particularly in the trade of silver and gold, and in money-changing.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This success, however, led to a backlash. English-Jamaican merchants accused Jamaican Jews of coin clipping, a method of shaving off precious metal from money and putting it back into circulation at face value.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Such accusations occurred many times.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This resentment led to the coalition of a Legislative Council that represented English-Jamaican merchants and planters in 1691.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, the Council petitioned to the Crown that Jamaican Jews were evading taxes.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some have found these accusations to be false or exaggerated because the Jews did not play a large role in the economics of Port Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1815, a fire nearly destroyed all of Port Royal.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Jews left Port Royal for another Jamaican town called <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a>, where a new economy was flourishing with commercial success.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jews in Kingston provided four Mayors, many Justices of Peace, members of Parliament, and countless builders, dentists, doctors, teachers, lawyers, and actors.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The community of Ashkenazi Jews in Kingston were called "The English and German Congregation."<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1787, they built a synagogue called Shangare Yosher.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There had been an Ashkenazi synagogue in the nineteenth century called Rodphei Zadek, but it was later united with a Sephardic congregation in 1850.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1720, 18 percent of the population of Kingston was Jewish.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For the most part, Jews practiced Orthodox rituals and customs.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jewish population was also part of the slave owning class and owned Black slaves, who were sometimes bequeathed to their synagogues in their wills.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Among the Jewish community's religious leaders during the early 1800s was the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nljdigital.nlj.gov.jm/items/show/6180">Rev. Dr. Isaac Lopez</a> (1780-1854). Born in Curacao, he came to Kingston where he served the congregation there, assisted for a time by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Pereira_Mendes" title="Abraham Pereira Mendes">Abraham Pereira Mendes</a> who was later called to be the minister of the Montego community. </p><p>At the beginning of the twentieth century, the Jewish population began introducing Progressive Judaism into their rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Progressive Judaism had a combination of reform and conservative rituals.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the Inquisition made its way to many parts of the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a>, Jamaica offered a type of haven for the Jews.<sup id="cite_ref-:03_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:03-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Jews in Jamaica felt at peace with life even though they still faced certain restrictions such as not being able to vote or hold office.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1826, however, <a href="/wiki/Free_people_of_color" title="Free people of color">free people of color</a> were on track to gain equal rights to others in Jamaica, and the Jewish community noticed the possible threat of being the only group in Jamaica without voting rights.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Thus, the Jews decided to fight for their right through petitions to the English government.<sup id="cite_ref-:17_3-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:17-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They attained full political rights in 1831. The status of British citizenship enabled ownership of property by the Jews. </p><p>This victory proved to be significant not just for the Jews of Jamaica but also elsewhere.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1832, Jews in London used the victory in Jamaica as reasoning for their own rights to such freedoms.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That same year in Canada, a similar story unfolded as Jews were granted same political rights as their Christian counterparts.<sup id="cite_ref-:25_2-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:25-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Jamaica's Jewish population was never large. However, their contribution to the economic and commercial life of the nation has been significant.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Modern_times">Modern times</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern times"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Only 506 people are religiously practicing Jews in Jamaica and most Jews have migrated out of Jamaica.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While many are non-practicing, it is recorded that over 2,000 Jamaicans religiously identify as Jews.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Common Jewish surnames in Jamaica with mostly <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_people" title="Portuguese people">Portuguese</a> origin are Abrahams, Alexander, Andrade, Barrett, Babb, Benjamin, Bent, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Carvalho_(surname_list)_Alvaranga,&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carvalho (surname list) Alvaranga, (page does not exist)">Carvalho</a>, Codner, D'Aguilar, DeCosta, De La Roche, Da Silva, De Souza, Pimentel, De <a href="/wiki/Cohen_(surname)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cohen (surname)">Cohen</a>, De Leon, Delisser, DeMercado, Eben, Fuertado, <a href="/wiki/Henriques_(surname)" title="Henriques (surname)">Henriques</a>, Ibanez, Isaacs, <a href="/wiki/Levy_(surname)" title="Levy (surname)">Levy</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lindo_family" title="Lindo family">Lindo</a>, Lyon, Machado, Marish, Matalon, Mendes, Myers, Magnus, Nunes, Pimentel, Reuben, Rodriques, Sangster. Some of these surnames were then made to sound more English, in order to 'blend' with the British-Jamaican community. An example would be De La Roche being changed to Roach(e) and Eben /Ibanez changed to Ebanks.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Chabad-Lubavitch" class="mw-redirect" title="Chabad-Lubavitch">Chabad-Lubavitch</a> movement opened a branch in Jamaica in 2014 servicing locals as well as a welcome centre for international visitors.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Institutions">Institutions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Institutions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Shaare_Shalom_Synagogue" class="mw-redirect" title="Shaare Shalom Synagogue">Shaare Shalom Synagogue</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kingston,_Jamaica" title="Kingston, Jamaica">Kingston</a>, first built in 1885, was the only synagogue in the country until 2014 when <a href="/wiki/Chabad" title="Chabad">Chabad</a> opened the second synagogue in Montego Bay. The congregation has its own <a href="/wiki/Siddur" title="Siddur">siddur</a>, blending together Spanish-Portuguese tradition and <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Judaism_(United_Kingdom)" title="Liberal Judaism (United Kingdom)">British Liberal</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reform_Judaism" title="Reform Judaism">American Reform</a> liturgy. The Hillel Academy, a private school founded by the Jewish community, today is non-denominational but still serves as a meeting place for the children of the Jewish community. A Jamaican Jewish Heritage Center opened in 2006 in celebration of 350 years of Jews living in Jamaica. At least 21 Jewish cemeteries also exist in the country.<sup id="cite_ref-bh.org.il_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bh.org.il-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notable_people_with_Jamaican_Jewish_ancestry">Notable people with Jamaican Jewish ancestry</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Notable people with Jamaican Jewish ancestry"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ivan_Barrow" title="Ivan Barrow">Ivan Barrow</a> - test cricketer<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Belafonte" title="Harry Belafonte">Harry Belafonte</a> - American singer, songwriter and actor (Jewish grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chris_Blackwell" title="Chris Blackwell">Chris Blackwell</a> - record label founder and owner (Jewish mother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_De_Cordova" title="Jacob De Cordova">Jacob De Cordova</a> - founder of the <i><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Daily_Gleaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaica Daily Gleaner">Jamaica Daily Gleaner</a></i> newspaper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/H._G._de_Lisser" title="H. G. de Lisser">H. G. de Lisser</a>, CMG - prominent author and journalist, editor of <i><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Daily_Gleaner" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaica Daily Gleaner">Jamaica Daily Gleaner</a></i> newspaper</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R._James_deRoux" title="R. James deRoux">R. James deRoux</a> - Jamaican Businessman and Custos Rotulorum of Clarendon</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moses_Cohen_Henriques" title="Moses Cohen Henriques">Moses Cohen Henriques</a> - pirate, escapee from <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Inquisition" title="Spanish Inquisition">Spanish Inquisition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanche_Blackwell" title="Blanche Blackwell">Blanche Blackwell</a> - Jamaican Heiress</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myer_Lyon" title="Myer Lyon">Myer Lyon</a> - <a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">hazzan</a> and opera tenor</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Palache" title="Charles Palache">Charles Palache</a> - mineralogist, descended from Jamaican landowner and grandfather John Palache</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sean_Paul" title="Sean Paul">Sean Paul Francis Henriques</a> - Jamaican <a href="/wiki/Dancehall" title="Dancehall">dancehall</a>/reggae singer (Jewish grandfather)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Stiebel_(businessman)" title="George Stiebel (businessman)">George Stiebel</a> - trader, entrepreneur and black millionaire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yehoshua_Sofer" title="Yehoshua Sofer">Yehoshua Sofer</a> - Jewish <a href="/wiki/Martial_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Martial artist">martial artist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop" class="mw-redirect" title="Hip hop">hip hop</a> recording artist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenna_Wolfe" title="Jenna Wolfe">Jenna Wolfe</a> - American journalist raised in Haiti and born in Jamaica to a Puerto Rican Jewish father and an American Jewish mother from New Jersey</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Henriquez" title="Richard Henriquez">Richard Henriquez</a> - Architect</li> <li>Mayer Matalon - Jamaican Businessman</li> <li>Gloria Reuben</li> <li>Nicole Lyn</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/24px-Star_of_David.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/36px-Star_of_David.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_of_David.svg/48px-Star_of_David.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="693" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Judaism" title="Portal:Judaism">Judaism portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/32px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/48px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/64px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jamaica" title="Portal:Jamaica">Jamaica portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Palache" title="Charles Palache">Charles Palache</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pallache_family" title="Pallache family">Pallache family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindo_family" title="Lindo family">Lindo family</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20121104/focus/focus4.html">"Religion and the 2011 census"</a>. 4 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+2011+census&rft.date=2012-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjamaica-gleaner.com%2Fgleaner%2F20121104%2Ffocus%2Ffocus4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Jamaica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:25-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:25_2-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMarilyn.2006" class="citation book cs1">Marilyn., Delevante (2006). <i>The island of one people : an account of the history of the Jews of Jamaica</i>. Alberga, Anthony. Kingston: Ian Randle. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789766376932" title="Special:BookSources/9789766376932"><bdi>9789766376932</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/854586578">854586578</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+island+of+one+people+%3A+an+account+of+the+history+of+the+Jews+of+Jamaica&rft.place=Kingston&rft.pub=Ian+Randle&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F854586578&rft.isbn=9789766376932&rft.aulast=Marilyn.&rft.aufirst=Delevante&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Jamaica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-21"><sup><i><b>v</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_3-22"><sup><i><b>w</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMordehay.2000" class="citation book cs1">Mordehay., Arbell (2000). <i>The Portuguese Jews of Jamaica</i>. Kingston, Jamaica: Canoe Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9768125691" title="Special:BookSources/9768125691"><bdi>9768125691</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/45701914">45701914</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Portuguese+Jews+of+Jamaica&rft.place=Kingston%2C+Jamaica&rft.pub=Canoe+Press&rft.date=2000&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F45701914&rft.isbn=9768125691&rft.aulast=Mordehay.&rft.aufirst=Arbell&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Jamaica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:03-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:03_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:03_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKritzler,_Edward2008" class="citation book cs1">Kritzler, Edward (2008). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/jewishpiratesofc00krit"><i>Jewish Pirates of the Caribbean : how a generation of swashbuckling Jews carved out an empire in the New World in their quest for treasure, religious freedom--and revenge</i></a></span> (First ed.). New York: Doubleday. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780385513982" title="Special:BookSources/9780385513982"><bdi>9780385513982</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/191922741">191922741</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jewish+Pirates+of+the+Caribbean+%3A+how+a+generation+of+swashbuckling+Jews+carved+out+an+empire+in+the+New+World+in+their+quest+for+treasure%2C+religious+freedom--and+revenge&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=First&rft.pub=Doubleday&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F191922741&rft.isbn=9780385513982&rft.au=Kritzler%2C+Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fjewishpiratesofc00krit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Jamaica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"America and West Indies: June 1672." <i>Calendar of State Papers Colonial, America and West Indies: Volume 7, 1669-1674</i>. Ed. W Noel Sainsbury. London: Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 1889. 364-381. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.british-history.ac.uk/cal-state-papers/colonial/america-west-indies/vol7/pp364-381">British History Online website</a> 26 September 2023.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCwik2019" class="citation book cs1">Cwik, Christian (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007%2F978-981-13-2898-5_117">"Displaced Minorities: The Wayuu and Miskito People"</a>. <i>The Palgrave Handbook of Ethnicity</i>. pp. <span class="nowrap">1593–</span>1609. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1007%2F978-981-13-2898-5_117">10.1007/978-981-13-2898-5_117</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-981-13-2897-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-981-13-2897-8"><bdi>978-981-13-2897-8</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:239122464">239122464</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Displaced+Minorities%3A+The+Wayuu+and+Miskito+People&rft.btitle=The+Palgrave+Handbook+of+Ethnicity&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1593-%3C%2Fspan%3E1609&rft.date=2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A239122464%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1007%2F978-981-13-2898-5_117&rft.isbn=978-981-13-2897-8&rft.aulast=Cwik&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Freferenceworkentry%2F10.1007%252F978-981-13-2898-5_117&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Jamaica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndrade" class="citation web cs1">Andrade, Jacob A. P. M. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaicanfamilysearch.com/Members/b/Bjewswills.htm">"A Record of Jews in Jamaica: Extracts from Wills"</a>. <i>Jamaica Family Search</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 June</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Jamaica+Family+Search&rft.atitle=A+Record+of+Jews+in+Jamaica%3A+Extracts+from+Wills&rft.aulast=Andrade&rft.aufirst=Jacob+A.+P.+M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamaicanfamilysearch.com%2FMembers%2Fb%2FBjewswills.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Jamaica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jamaica-gleaner.com/gleaner/20121104/focus/focus4.html">"Religion and the 2011 census"</a>. 4 November 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Religion+and+the+2011+census&rft.date=2012-11-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjamaica-gleaner.com%2Fgleaner%2F20121104%2Ffocus%2Ffocus4.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Jamaica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chabad.org/news/article_cdo/aid/2706138/jewish/Just-in-Time-for-the-Holidays-Jamaica-Lands-Permanent-Chabad-Presence.htm,">"Just in Time for the Holidays, Jamaica Lands Permanent Chabad Presence".</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bh.org.il-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bh.org.il_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWow" class="citation web cs1">Wow. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbs.bh.org.il/place/jamaica">"The Jews of Jamaica"</a>. The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jews+of+Jamaica&rft.pub=The+Museum+of+the+Jewish+People+at+Beit+Hatfutsot&rft.au=Wow&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdbs.bh.org.il%2Fplace%2Fjamaica&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHistory+of+the+Jews+in+Jamaica" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Melvyn Barnett (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.maccabi.com.au/News/283/A-history-of-Jewish-first-class-cricketers.cfm">"A history of Jewish first-class cricketers"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180915192446/http://www.maccabi.com.au/News/283/A-history-of-Jewish-first-class-cricketers.cfm">Archived</a> 2018-09-15 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> – Maccabi Australia. Retrieved 11 June 2015.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishjamaica.com/jews-in-jamaica/">Jews in Jamaica Brief History - from Chabad of Jamaica's website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jewishjamaica.com">Chabad of Jamaica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.haruth.com/JewsJamaica.html">Jews Jamaica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucija.org">United Congregation of Israelites in Jamaica</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kulanu.org/jamaica/jews-of-jamaica.php">The Jews of Jamaica -- Then and Now</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Template talk:Religion in Jamaica"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Religion in Jamaica"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Religion_in_Jamaica23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Jamaica" title="Religion in Jamaica">Religion in Jamaica</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD_Faith_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahá'í Faith in Jamaica">Bahá'í</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bedwardism" title="Bedwardism">Bedwardism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Jamaica" title="Christianity in Jamaica">Christianity</a> (see below)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convince" title="Convince">Convince</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_the_West_Indies#Jamaica" title="Hinduism in the West Indies">Hinduism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islam_in_Jamaica" title="Islam in Jamaica">Islam</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Judaism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kumina" title="Kumina">Kumina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Myal" title="Myal">Myal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obeah" title="Obeah">Obeah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rastafari" title="Rastafari">Rastafari</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholicism_in_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholicism in Jamaica">Catholicism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protestantism_in_Jamaica" title="Protestantism in Jamaica">Protestantism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Jamaica" class="mw-redirect" title="Anglican Diocese of Jamaica">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Baptist_Union" title="Jamaica Baptist Union">Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_the_United_Brethren_in_Christ,_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of the United Brethren in Christ, Jamaica (page does not exist)">Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_God_in_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of God in Jamaica (page does not exist)">Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jehovah%27s_Witness,_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jehovah's Witness, Jamaica (page does not exist)">Jehovah's Witness</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica_Methodist_District&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamaica Methodist District (page does not exist)">Methodist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Province_of_the_Moravian_Church" title="Jamaica Province of the Moravian Church">Moravian</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=New_Testament_Church_of_God,_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="New Testament Church of God, Jamaica (page does not exist)">Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=General_Council_of_the_Assemblies_of_God_in_Jamaica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="General Council of the Assemblies of God in Jamaica (page does not exist)">Pentecostal</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaica_Union_Conference_of_Seventh-day_Adventists&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamaica Union Conference of Seventh-day Adventists (page does not exist)">Seventh-day Adventist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_in_Jamaica_and_the_Cayman_Islands" title="United Church in Jamaica and the Cayman Islands">United Church</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Jamaica&#124;link=Jamaica_Jamaicans207" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:People_of_Jamaica" title="Template:People of Jamaica"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:People_of_Jamaica" title="Template talk:People of Jamaica"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:People_of_Jamaica" title="Special:EditPage/Template:People of Jamaica"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Jamaica&#124;link=Jamaica_Jamaicans207" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica"><img alt="Jamaica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/23px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/35px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Flag_of_Jamaica.svg/46px-Flag_of_Jamaica.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Jamaicans" title="Jamaicans">Jamaicans</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Afro-Jamaicans" title="Afro-Jamaicans">Africa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coromantee" title="Coromantee">Coromantee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Igbo_people_in_Jamaica" title="Igbo people in Jamaica">Igbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaican_Maroons" title="Jamaican Maroons">Maroons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Ta%C3%ADno" title="Taíno">Taíno</a><sup>†</sup></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Jamaicans" title="Chinese Jamaicans">Chinese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indo-Jamaicans" title="Indo-Jamaicans">East Indian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_expatriates_in_Jamaica" title="Japanese expatriates in Jamaica">Japanese</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lebanese_Jamaicans" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebanese Jamaicans">Lebanese</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/White_Jamaicans" title="White Jamaicans">Europe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jamaicans_of_English_descent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jamaicans of English descent (page does not exist)">English</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_immigration_to_Jamaica" title="French immigration to Jamaica">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germans_in_Jamaica" title="Germans in Jamaica">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_people_in_Jamaica" title="Irish people in Jamaica">Irish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_Jamaicans" title="Scottish Jamaicans">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaicans_of_Spanish_descent" class="mw-redirect" title="Jamaicans of Spanish descent">Spanish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Jamaica" title="Portal:Jamaica">Portal</a></b></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Americas473" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Americas_topic" title="Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Americas_topic" title="Template talk:Americas topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Americas_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Americas topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Americas473" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History of the Jews in the Americas</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_sovereign_states_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of sovereign states in the Americas">Sovereign<br />states</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Argentina" title="History of the Jews in Argentina">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Barbados" title="History of the Jews in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bolivia" title="History of the Jews in Bolivia">Bolivia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Brazil" title="History of the Jews in Brazil">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Chile" title="History of the Jews in Chile">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Colombia" title="History of the Jews in Colombia">Colombia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Costa_Rica" title="History of the Jews in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Ecuador" title="History of the Jews in Ecuador">Ecuador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_El_Salvador" title="History of the Jews in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guyana" title="History of the Jews in Guyana">Guyana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Haiti" title="History of the Jews in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Honduras" title="History of the Jews in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nicaragua" title="History of the Jews in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Panama" title="History of the Jews in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Paraguay" title="History of the Jews in Paraguay">Paraguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Peru" title="History of the Jews in Peru">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Suriname" title="History of the Jews in Suriname">Suriname</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Uruguay" title="History of the Jews in Uruguay">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Venezuela" title="History of the Jews in Venezuela">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Dependent_territory" title="Dependent territory">Dependencies</a><br />and <a href="/wiki/Territory" title="Territory">territories</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Aruba" title="History of the Jews in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="History of the Jews in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Falkland_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Falkland Islands (page does not exist)">Falkland Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_French_Guiana" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in French Guiana">French Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of the Jews in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sint_Eustatius" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sint_Maarten" title="History of the Jews in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_South_Georgia_and_the_South_Sandwich_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands (page does not exist)">South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">U.S. Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_North_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in North America (page does not exist)">North America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Central_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Central America (page does not exist)">Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Caribbean&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Caribbean (page does not exist)">Caribbean</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Latin_America" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Latin America">Latin America</a></li> <li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_South_America&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in South America (page does not exist)">South America</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="History_of_the_Jews_in_North_America171" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="History_of_the_Jews_in_North_America171" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">History of the Jews in North America</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Antigua_and_Barbuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Antigua and Barbuda (page does not exist)">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Bahamas" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Barbados" title="History of the Jews in Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Belize&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Belize (page does not exist)">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Canada" title="History of the Jews in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Costa_Rica" title="History of the Jews in Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cuba" title="History of the Jews in Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Dominica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Dominica (page does not exist)">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Dominican_Republic" title="History of the Jews in the Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_El_Salvador" title="History of the Jews in El Salvador">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Grenada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Grenada (page does not exist)">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Guatemala" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Haiti" title="History of the Jews in Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Honduras" title="History of the Jews in Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Mexico" title="History of the Jews in Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Nicaragua" title="History of the Jews in Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Panama" title="History of the Jews in Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Kitts and Nevis (page does not exist)">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Lucia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Lucia (page does not exist)">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines (page does not exist)">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Trinidad_and_Tobago" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States" title="History of the Jews in the United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and<br />other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Anguilla" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Aruba" title="History of the Jews in Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Bermuda&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Bermuda (page does not exist)">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Bonaire" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_British_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the British Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Cayman_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Cayman Islands (page does not exist)">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Cura%C3%A7ao" title="History of the Jews in Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Greenland&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Greenland (page does not exist)">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Guadeloupe&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Guadeloupe (page does not exist)">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Martinique&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Martinique (page does not exist)">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Montserrat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Montserrat (page does not exist)">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Puerto_Rico" title="History of the Jews in Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in the Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in Saint Pierre and Miquelon (page does not exist)">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Saba_(island)" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sint_Eustatius" class="mw-redirect" title="History of the Jews in Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Sint_Maarten" title="History of the Jews in Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the Turks and Caicos Islands (page does not exist)">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_the_United_States_Virgin_Islands&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="History of the Jews in the United States Virgin Islands (page does not exist)">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&oldid=1256905253">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=History_of_the_Jews_in_Jamaica&oldid=1256905253</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" 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