CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "journals.sagepub.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '8e72b2f23b5b5f6b',cH: 'e6y5ca2EC1o2BCNaSgx2NzNWdmgSO39._V4rxZzNFvU-1732381053-1.2.1.1-Or4ziRkVOtyht6u8hQbe_9v_oaf_XijN_WPO9FPUykUa8hkr3ejMYHDBkyz9F56x',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/10.1177\/2053168018786848?__cf_chl_tk=PhQBgPOgSHz.VskhT.zYsZ9kGYnSD8Ht3oLF0l9X1Pk-1732381053-1.0.1.1-dfvdebF5Uf6aUVjVWMI63plxKyWoHStiusBPc8s4pIw",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1732381053',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/10.1177\/2053168018786848?__cf_chl_f_tk=PhQBgPOgSHz.VskhT.zYsZ9kGYnSD8Ht3oLF0l9X1Pk-1732381053-1.0.1.1-dfvdebF5Uf6aUVjVWMI63plxKyWoHStiusBPc8s4pIw",md: "cpaQ9_KS8kM1xh2JQhcYWlWsKczbW4VdDpL61iQCA54-1732381053-1.2.1.1-PRCuZo.L.urCIUKlL4TvsFG0YFnn5JS_U2coX5vU5GeysB.ITTvMvRFc5FBoRRW2g_3DPWTq_cxSA2aMt.AbaLpbUsdHDnqLGGXSGI86zMyE7iZerYFPY0_QEg.qE23c_xCUujFK_bCReZxERHCkZBjREYzFUcHhc.I36AKqfTZv_AcC4uYtuv1SFQLgAGGw9p8TOxNj450r9GvzO5A.1sxD6HOnnW8tHPWFmsCOryONWIzGwvoQZ.Qg.TqTOz_bZ8DXbPgzN_eC0dHoEnq32a5xwMadbRZf1wFtxdXOHOpWO3gGF6pf9XBaEXfOMMkcJSq6rITY43WvOBInMcRI.bA2.fnqxNJv.PYIhwtbN7_sFwTkc.eAs0vdHmBBgf5XVPW_VcUEcFIhIj36trOKwk28qtXHHHh8kFigzgW_Fo2xb41yZGgikjg80QRN83Xg88XW3tqGX2MhZjJu6ShJGD2tuSufZHRSNG6hhBFrzLj7cayUeZi5W9lHAKFrG7J14YCVvYIPlLx9K08k5Pj9Tm.FQpPlPFcpC2OxvRWYh87.ZqeD5EXFxlR_I66CuOSsYvO2Hj8u58amh4WPKAo0UY1paBEUhELLvphtaPICZTugiVSe0jvddSDMq4fEunmkUZpyN4oG8tT9FDA9jEUr6wWSXet3Iu_obalOgfm1Hxk_aM8CXTXr6JgsIlMgYbiOPHQTI0m7Qd5fbOeEV2nIIUPW7demQ48OIX1meDZ3L9B8RFPEOt.IgNfeVXis73_3hpBkS.rv35Uq7D2_S1up9uGBKp1zn8AGfTsRLALqXcAA2OrJQrNyAnzFFfskYBbE6xtWQdcgtpniGV1DRLElTjNozdjQMxK3O33ETcFj4iPr5oV6bRED6KrOPi2AXApDu1udyR1xpfgLnKzr90344mC4Dp9lVph1096ezI9tLlkar1JGFJqWtz.nGzGLrbsPr_mWf3HVgNJiDCChd2kMom2C9FrsdH2G1sadYckCg1pCFvBIpZ3XfalykAHvC6Daa9EzMZCJR8rjDS9RrFF.4FvU8hyVpSXsiVoov6x_tG_yXIsaPlEOElzoL9tKuFiG.VvWxxrYnhvsSme8Dhv7rCGqow4NMXMC0vRQMW0kiDKI3LvP6v3Txu5ED2Zk3F21_xEJPaVr7E.PD8tyf7r.SqEbv1OoR_hj1hysO4.7HmaJIunzRfGfNqu8mG0tdsIGOUIlu4xf98yw7romKdBQN9Qt779ODtK2dGtBxkXiWffABQJ98PaGlHEenFN9e2EKSV_RtRp0eWR8TqO2juReG.Xa5JCOMniYaNKYeY5b8XJ1tpYMP4xzmB1S9R.K3A6lvswkN2GsZkBwPct8aS4ZWj7xx3BOhJIqjd_yFe3wIo07Aoqf5vRMVqZliMicCmQaDydoEd_SpgluAAeGEgOg7IqzZUKgjJtJeGPA.VianL42eHaTmGTMzVJicECCZ2fthewXaLT6UNSogvYNWlav8JhBG_.B3wISvV8S9v3fLHGAhrW8bNSBnuRkKoMJCLWiFDHpWoY6J0ebCj7akk35u7yyUfBOpbOJGYACtrUiTW9h0H5kwUBBLjUtt3MG.tN5nETUtMirec3M7p9kcM8rlwD3i_8OcWOSaPfGyoqF_C2X_B7I2Au3dk6FuMWd4bvAFp3.zxaTplXL8hgJwaNmH91XJIIfGQi1mAwwT2CJJiSCFbZ9nguqH4tsiVAeXYBm2t2rTeqXV1HaMU3QLHeQ9S2kMLTajaGjrN2ccbl9sFwPjK3JSVmxUlBTrscwPT2vaq3aIFV7wHAr0MVTEIEWSKXotxayDXz6EJHHHaVxggnLv1y3ate_zcyLgu17LzLz0tfMgm6MOKb_wskUbg8qL6pP5y3LrAS5Llrpa7XXQewXyX2aTj4KNYxJll1e17_sgmQ3Xb5g4gxNJhqf_1qgwPotj65NVRTTJ41XCRip7gcuw2PVNQW3MjvoPR9AqZyIBUB5CqcjjksygJg2CgbG2OSBNuxUj3CTg570qhCim11uPiqM1nvJBm4hiB4B.Dhmkr1dwN9MrlB5DKDbNDfpK4KQ5NTtVkKA6RqacvvnfyFOtCvEIFAI942tsIFi0w4xYLVi7_xzn9XPy2OYIaSGVp3IwKiXx51x_Cga0TG561657MdV7isTLx_7OdsP11KFhkA1bzW_XSq_877UySlwDx9v0Vb9Oy6tq91Ezf8l6FuLKhwZMdnSPMWS6qJXmpWo6IQXOq07a9Lt4rWxjPr17oXWkOKY8og1xXTWqe6rd8w1vrcrN.lHpwsKWzoLP6Sf4Kd9O_zpDKDnHwKDkklZcJUaqh.5G7iyu_9DO1sktRelThBDh_QigumeM9ccWcX3t8_DEj6obH_DuN2otuA5ADFLPzq8snDyr6cEWsIF0UUyVcOBY2nMkCQBE1KFySwqNdOy83NXKybcPl5qOSvHkrmnawJGZ5gl28I3Sk0q7VOSRjVqO49kYsmNFmMLAiMAQnPvHtPKaa1ZmETOj9qIcqi8mfy6SyNhwIjQF_2H45b8odMgj4EI3.MNoriUjEXJwcEBYgTDkyjMLB1rQn1K7zOrG5Ty7z23kvpVFkSjP5LyBLjPXUcBk9jOuK16lOSRzB3XQq4IM_R2d.SRzV_F2lSTTStzn2gKqQk_0EyORhQVD8PDjNBFVlDgzciA1j1jOFk26nmBjplynD9Nq5vS_Sa6z5MpYEh8GrOOX5y188wFVcO.W19JpXZaMD2hsQtc3UyNOPYDs5mebI9ZFaX8SCaaPfDq9qlAN26dSSAbyW49Wxlsmb8XOA.uMEXsmpldi5fUeuiPfBCLhxGstAvWz2g9T__xZ7lKPsAEdMVwFPMcsLV.v7HuaRtmCGj_n0AbId8EysFYZf4bMpUuukebvIsSgff13ycOdqWH0OIHKblxb3x_Tz7hn4Fvuh1pG0FN6K66zJoO5MrzMhS8RXYbwEo3zjAS3XqY.TIRnrXXpqw",mdrd: "EM2PrVWZJyXkHrPZJYhQKsMiOGpOujCesdYOVyXUPGY-1732381053-1.2.1.1-Rcx.Qh3gjsjgERZ9KHYPfq7A6R3xjVjFVnCKl4QISxSQJd19Kzh0DcaiUHrfOs3ifiZ67cS1lHuCecUQHNdh0CcDmRMqb1ZQlWOkb4X1A9gTAJNZsNltkF82RPfxCQd1DjPwTRLlAWLkUjugnE28pYk4tkc58WIbSZ7grSeidYPf5jSxV.X_K6FFqvz5cZYh5I7Aw_OJ1hSqrxMvk1i2RDhoMBhyFwRTRioXyg_oOVxa.2kxITJbDlMIr.Qn2yyv2EnMLR2qZ46A_hNtvhv1ybgdStmINrXNxzbaSv2q4g611otLa5m00smT8Z4dRfn34BL4WtW1oua4vn8W.8UB1VDE.ykUh3KA_D6K8ilWYlurAIM68eC9iDNhlPAa_9GY_6AY.1aeQx3N7CNImIy_a3VAxJuM9pVXulwkLFoaWvZPR312qTAZku1T3ZZ3RU49QdIYLGonIOddz1Pvu169ixb_i0v0CWYC5olDJyMfDss_zYvYZqoGNexH.6aaCC5GJumYuiky9SZf8koW8TciMApnJ6cNSHQ62lnuIlUqBDs1r4cAwZa5WPoR6i4YTQLKjhEZHjV_OaAgToSHV.VpSruIN7c4w58iLx4T.1kI9QDAStKdxM9f.3gL_mTQHC1HKUs_WodmuOvcapXsBYThkN7SC60vVoqZI.XfQPQWKgx_KdKXxmiqq84xvv1nNwYNe_V4cN0fTgZmgdhgyO1LP4GodcAGvFW1fhdchlV_zmE.ZKf4.DnmthxRvtBW_xNv4h2QygxNqueBt8p99NXJA97pliZCwnZuKeOmUenKQ4OV0f5Paznmtgp6lXmtpsm7sihI1et6g5AudVUmFr8rvTB3qWz1uHGhq3NrauI5CBLwPJezrguJX8AmQUvHCZVXNcq4fvCJWdI_JiUZgDqwXuOtNWpyjlzm2Lc638bVSbetq4.16C0oZ2B5f.BWKqAMp1R3CJzt_V60.RJF7.dxKh_NFC1t3w_uuIG6yt4TPTRJAwMbo2K5sXkw5sIPbkp54s63YpH4FPFMdO0000yG7XXoS.r.ECXQt.nwvnwmkMnqPDwu5Gp3sjQx57fw8gG9Bo7YtxUNfDQoh.nEOVAdM0UaI81xLj_ETnx9HI_NJReTM8xME7oO0Bw3gkFpm2luH5La7oEdbrGLH3NWASZlvX.cmGdMRVGCrIdOFFihmffIwS4nvtyJTbnWoc3EFW4nAbmIKN2401O8rmISeL6.FMTuZER24JXQyZQJFHD9J_bHu695EGqppMAMKayk2dbVyU_fraLuTU.CBU2tEsOrxdkQhjwLqPsMVOBidnLvEw5AengDqCc6i6_iIj6w1PalgTPjCP8IQmGHKmaRU5rpcvX4p.51eiaqIyTjiPntNmRrCXgd0LsOcV2kMo9imhwnEC6BAHD0nx2J9oj1DTA6X_XcW5aRvBwPBHOoevX2HCQqveyTjp8PcBfp0uKSieCd.lbT7HmPhuJX33AymnGgcQVtpLvDK97AN9Cy74Eb6B2AeykC27ewmwNKSksvQvXNcX9Zqx29467xPyLIsk4NnsU6juRz9Mg5Cty1LuAe7FUNGbY3ru9MrsSNtDuyFj.YJdWfcZ_oMoAvYNcBcABGoP3f.QyssOjSQ.TpGgdpl6EqUHEK7063_viPnTpgzcYsr90.UOljdHJTj_IhE2TEtbWdPH0iGqCKPpF5xr9sEkoXqJr_IgRDNSuypXyX3e3Ei7IJ3DsLmCr2_rf_23jWp8iz7RXOg6npi__m22qWOj55WgVS9tABjIpf5YivbkXMlUr4hkOV0dM.Zwmlf.Y9VTwWy3pWZ4_A4j.NLXpfVXn5BEdJyTF_GELj42nyzz_kY2AoGnlF4cqA7dcm80s0LXXiW1HycM_2Bjq5Xda9WTp3l6cCLUtPKjhtD6KM4fIkRyZJzhBSdNjEOWwXJ028jekfD8q3jZNRgqYKdtF.e0reCSlzRAA.bJoSffVZcZwTBvtfY0wYKR32hzB3iVrrdw"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=8e72b2f23b5b5f6b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/10.1177\/2053168018786848?__cf_chl_rt_tk=PhQBgPOgSHz.VskhT.zYsZ9kGYnSD8Ht3oLF0l9X1Pk-1732381053-1.0.1.1-dfvdebF5Uf6aUVjVWMI63plxKyWoHStiusBPc8s4pIw" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>