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<span>Bill</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bill-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Membership_of_the_House_of_Lords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Membership_of_the_House_of_Lords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Membership of the House of Lords</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Membership_of_the_House_of_Lords-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Membership of the House of Lords subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Membership_of_the_House_of_Lords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-First_election_to_the_House_of_Lords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_election_to_the_House_of_Lords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>First election to the House of Lords</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_election_to_the_House_of_Lords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_by-elections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_by-elections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Subsequent by-elections</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Subsequent_by-elections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subsequent_reform_proposals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subsequent_reform_proposals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Subsequent reform proposals</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subsequent_reform_proposals-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only 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<span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>2012 coalition bill electing all Lords and halving their number</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2012_coalition_bill_electing_all_Lords_and_halving_their_number-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2014_and_2015_reform_acts" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2014_and_2015_reform_acts"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.3</span> <span>2014 and 2015 reform acts</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2014_and_2015_reform_acts-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2016_bill_to_phase_out_hereditary_peers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2016_bill_to_phase_out_hereditary_peers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.4</span> <span>2016 bill to phase out hereditary peers</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2016_bill_to_phase_out_hereditary_peers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">UK law removing hereditary peerage from the House of Lords</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">United Kingdom legislation</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">House of Lords Act 1999</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/140px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="140" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/210px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg/280px-Royal_coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_%281952%E2%80%932022%2C_variant_1%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1550" data-file-height="1550" /></span></span><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Short_and_long_titles" title="Short and long titles">Long title</a></th><td class="infobox-data description">An Act to restrict membership of the House of Lords by virtue of a hereditary peerage; to make related provision about disqualifications for voting at elections to and for membership of the House of Commons and for related purposes.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Citation_of_United_Kingdom_legislation" title="Citation of United Kingdom legislation">Citation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1999 c. 34<sup id="cite_ref-Original_act_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Original_act-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Introduced by</th><td class="infobox-data organiser"><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a><sup id="cite_ref-Introducedby1_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introducedby1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="the House of Commons">Commons</span>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">Territorial extent </span></th><td class="infobox-data">England and Wales; Scotland; Northern Ireland</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Dates</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">Royal assent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">11 November 1999<sup id="cite_ref-Royalassent1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royalassent1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Coming_into_force" class="mw-redirect" title="Coming into force">Commencement</a></th><td class="infobox-data dtstart">11 November 1999<sup id="cite_ref-Commencement1_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commencement1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;">Other legislation</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Amends</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul style="margin-left:1em;text-indent:-1em;"><li><a href="/wiki/Peerage_Act_1963" title="Peerage Act 1963">Peerage Act 1963</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Recess_Elections_Act_1975&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Recess Elections Act 1975 (page does not exist)">Recess Elections Act 1975</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><div style="background-color: #ccffcc;">Status: Current legislation</div></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/34/enacted">Text of statute as originally enacted</a></th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa;"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1999/34">Revised text of statute as amended</a></th></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>House of Lords Act 1999</b> (c. 34) is an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Act of Parliament (United Kingdom)">act</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Parliament of the United Kingdom">Parliament of the United Kingdom</a> that <a href="/wiki/Lords_Reform" class="mw-redirect" title="Lords Reform">reformed</a> the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, one of the chambers of Parliament. The Act was given <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> on 11 November 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-Royalassent1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royalassent1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For centuries, the House of Lords had included several hundred members who inherited their seats (<a href="/wiki/Hereditary_peer" title="Hereditary peer">hereditary peers</a>); the Act removed such a right. However, as part of a compromise, the Act allowed <a href="/wiki/List_of_excepted_hereditary_peers" title="List of excepted hereditary peers">ninety-two hereditary peers</a> to remain in the House. Another ten were created life peers to enable them to remain in the House.<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Act decreased the membership of the House from 1,330 in October 1999 to 669 in March 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As another result of the Act, the majority of the Lords were now <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peers</a>, whose numbers had been gradually increasing since the <a href="/wiki/Life_Peerages_Act_1958" title="Life Peerages Act 1958">Life Peerages Act 1958</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-background_statistics_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-background_statistics-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As of June 2023, there were 836 members of the House of Lords, <a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual" title="Lords Spiritual">of whom 24 were senior Church of England bishops</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-houseoflords_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-houseoflords-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> whose representation in the House is governed by the <a href="/wiki/Lords_Spiritual_(Women)_Act_2015" title="Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015">Lords Spiritual (Women) Act 2015</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Prior to the 16th century, the Lords was the more powerful of the two houses of Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A series of developments, including such moments of crisis as the <a href="/wiki/English_Civil_War" title="English Civil War">English Civil War</a>, gradually shifted the political control of England, first from the <a href="/wiki/Monarch" title="Monarch">Crown</a> to the House of Lords and then to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Commons_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="House of Commons of the United Kingdom">House of Commons</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rising wealth of the Commons eventually allowed it to wage two civil wars, dethrone two kings, and gradually reduce the power of the Lords. Prior to the House of Lords Act 1999, the power of the Lords had been diminished by the <a href="/wiki/Parliament_Acts_1911_and_1949" title="Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949">Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949</a> which stripped the Lords of the ability to <a href="/wiki/Veto" title="Veto">veto</a> most bills; at most it could delay bills for one year. Furthermore, the Commons have absolute power over <a href="/wiki/Money_bill" title="Money bill">money bills</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Tony_Blair.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Tony_Blair.jpg/170px-WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Tony_Blair.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Tony_Blair.jpg/255px-WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Tony_Blair.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Tony_Blair.jpg/340px-WORLD_ECONOMIC_FORUM_ANNUAL_MEETING_2009_-_Tony_Blair.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2731" data-file-height="4096" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a>, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Prime Minister of the United Kingdom">Prime Minister of the United Kingdom</a> (1997–2007)</figcaption></figure><p>After eighteen years of <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Party_(UK)" title="Conservative Party (UK)">Conservative</a> government, the <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)" title="Labour Party (UK)">Labour Party</a> led by <a href="/wiki/Tony_Blair" title="Tony Blair">Tony Blair</a> won a <a href="/wiki/Landslide_victory" title="Landslide victory">landslide victory</a> at the <a href="/wiki/1997_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1997 United Kingdom general election">1997 general election</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> inflicting the biggest defeat for the Conservatives <a href="/wiki/1832_United_Kingdom_general_election" title="1832 United Kingdom general election">since 1832</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Labour Party had for years endorsed abolition of the House of Lords in its election platforms,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though since 1992 this had changed to a policy of <a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Reform of the House of Lords">reforming the House</a> instead of such a drastic constitutional change.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>During the 20th century, Liberal and Labour governments proposed many bills that were opposed by the House of Lords, which had been dominated by Conservatives since the 1890s, leading to some delay and, where proposed before elections, their dropping from the legislative agenda.<sup id="cite_ref-background_statistics_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-background_statistics-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the first year of the Blair government, the Lords passed back Government bills 38 times.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The rejection considered the most contentious was that of the <a href="/wiki/European_Parliamentary_Elections_Act_1999" title="European Parliamentary Elections Act 1999">European Elections Bill</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> against which the Lords voted five times. Blair stated that the Conservatives were using the hereditary peers to "frustrate" and "overturn the will of the democratically elected House of Commons".<sup id="cite_ref-h18nov_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-h18nov-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Here Blair found an opportunity to implement one of Labour's campaign promises, reforming the Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-festo_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-festo-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 24 November 1998, in <a href="/wiki/State_Opening_of_Parliament" title="State Opening of Parliament">opening the second session of Parliament</a>, the Queen delivered her annual <a href="/wiki/Speech_from_the_Throne" class="mw-redirect" title="Speech from the Throne">Speech from the Throne</a>; the Speech was written for her by the government and outlines its legislative agenda for the forthcoming year. In it, she stated that her government would pursue a reform of the House of Lords. These remarks were followed by loud mumbles of "<a href="/wiki/Hear,_hear" title="Hear, hear">Hear! Hear!</a>" from supportive Labour Members of Parliament, which led to similar utterances of "Shame! Shame!" from Conservative peers; such outbursts were unprecedented, for the Queen's Speech is usually heard by a silent Parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcthisday_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcthisday-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bill">Bill</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Bill"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Official_portrait_of_Margaret_Beckett_crop_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Official_portrait_of_Margaret_Beckett_crop_2.jpg/170px-Official_portrait_of_Margaret_Beckett_crop_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Official_portrait_of_Margaret_Beckett_crop_2.jpg/255px-Official_portrait_of_Margaret_Beckett_crop_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Official_portrait_of_Margaret_Beckett_crop_2.jpg/340px-Official_portrait_of_Margaret_Beckett_crop_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1554" data-file-height="2072" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a>, <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a>, introduced the Bill</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Hague_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Hague_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-William_Hague_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Hague_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-William_Hague_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/William_Hague_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-William_Hague_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1465" data-file-height="1421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a>, the Conservative <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_Opposition_(United_Kingdom)" title="Leader of the Opposition (United Kingdom)">Leader of the Opposition</a>, led the opposition to the Act</figcaption></figure> <p>The House of Lords Bill was expected to face a tough fight in the House of Lords. Several Lords threatened to disrupt the Government's other bills if they continued with the plan to abolish the hereditaries' right to sit in the House of Lords. <a href="/wiki/Michael_Onslow,_7th_Earl_of_Onslow" title="Michael Onslow, 7th Earl of Onslow">Michael Onslow, 7th Earl of Onslow</a>, for instance, said, "I'm happy to force a <a href="/wiki/Division_of_the_assembly" title="Division of the assembly">division</a> on each and every clause of the <a href="/wiki/Scotland_Act_1998" title="Scotland Act 1998">Scotland Bill</a>. Each division takes 20 minutes and there are more than 270 clauses."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Stuart_Randall,_Baron_Randall_of_St_Budeaux" title="Stuart Randall, Baron Randall of St Budeaux">Stuart Randall, Baron Randall of St Budeaux</a> put forward the idea of phasing out the hereditary peers by disqualifying their heirs.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Margaret_Jay,_Baroness_Jay_of_Paddington" title="Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington">Margaret Jay, Baroness Jay of Paddington</a> reminded the House that under the <a href="/wiki/Salisbury_Convention" title="Salisbury Convention">Salisbury Convention</a> they could not block the bill.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In order to convince some peers to vote for reform, Tony Blair announced that he would compromise by allowing a number of hereditary peers to remain in the House of Lords on an interim basis. On 2 December 1998, the Conservative Leader of the Opposition, <a href="/wiki/William_Hague" title="William Hague">William Hague</a>, rose in the House of Commons to attack Blair's plans. He suggested that Blair's changes indicated his lack of principles, claiming that Blair wanted to turn the House of Lords into a "<a href="/wiki/Tony%27s_Cronies" title="Tony's Cronies">House of Cronies</a>". Hague further suggested that the Conservative Party would never agree to such constitutional reforms that were "based on no comprehensive plan or principle."<sup id="cite_ref-pq_1998-12-02_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pq_1998-12-02-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hague's remarks backfired when Blair revealed that the Conservative Party in the House of Lords, rather than oppose his reforms, would definitely support them, and that he had done a secret deal with the Conservative leader in the House of Lords, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, Viscount Cranborne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-pq_1998-12-02_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pq_1998-12-02-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hague immediately removed Cranborne from office,<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but, in protest, several Conservative Lords who held front-bench positions resigned.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On 19 January 1999, the <a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Commons" title="Leader of the House of Commons">Leader of the House of Commons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Beckett" title="Margaret Beckett">Margaret Beckett</a>, introduced the House of Lords Bill into the House of Commons.<sup id="cite_ref-Introducedby1_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Introducedby1-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The House of Commons passed the bill by a vote of 340 to 132 on 16 March.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The next day it was presented to the House of Lords, where debate on the bill was far longer. One significant amendment made to the Bill was the so-called <i>Weatherill Amendment</i>, named after <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Weatherill" title="Bernard Weatherill">Bernard Weatherill, Lord Weatherill</a>, the former <a href="/wiki/Speaker_of_the_House_of_Commons_(United_Kingdom)" title="Speaker of the House of Commons (United Kingdom)">Speaker of the House of Commons</a>. The Weatherill Amendment put into place the deal agreed to by the Prime Minister and Viscount Cranborne, and allowed 92 hereditary peers to remain members of the House of Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several controversies relating to the technicalities of the bill were brought up in the House of Lords. One issue regarded the language used in clauses 1 to 7, which was described by <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Mayhew" title="Patrick Mayhew">Patrick Mayhew, Lord Mayhew of Twysden</a> as "uncertain in its effects and would leave the position of most hereditary Peers uncertain if the Bill was enacted."<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second issue was related to the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a> uniting <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> and <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> into the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Great_Britain" title="Kingdom of Great Britain">Kingdom of Great Britain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After lengthy debates, both matters were referred to the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Committee_on_Privileges" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Lords Committee on Privileges">House of Lords Committee on Privileges</a>. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1707" title="Acts of Union 1707">Acts of Union 1707</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Scotland" title="Peerage of Scotland">Scottish Lords</a> would be entitled to elect 16 <a href="/wiki/Scottish_representative_peer" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish representative peer">Scottish representative peers</a> to sit on their Lordships' behalf in the House of Lords. In 1963, the <a href="/wiki/Peerage_Act_1963" title="Peerage Act 1963">Peerage Act 1963</a> was passed, allowing all Scottish peers to sit in the House, not just 16 of them. It was felt that removing all Scottish representation would breach the Articles.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Government, however, responded that the Articles did envisage a change in the election of representative peers. It was argued that some portions of the Treaty were <a href="/wiki/Entrenched_clause" title="Entrenched clause">entrenched</a>, while others were not. For instance, Scotland and England were united "forever," the Scottish <a href="/wiki/Court_of_Session" title="Court of Session">Court of Session</a> was to "remain in all time coming within Scotland as it is now constituted,"<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the establishment of the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Scotland" title="Church of Scotland">Church of Scotland</a> was "effectually and unalterably secured."<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it was suggested, the election of Scottish representative peers was not entrenched, and therefore could be amended. Furthermore, the Government argued that Parliament was entirely sovereign and supreme, and could at its will change the Articles of Union. For example, the <a href="/wiki/Acts_of_Union_1800" title="Acts of Union 1800">Treaty of Union</a> joining Great Britain and Ireland required that the two nations be united "forever".<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonetheless, in 1922, by an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_parliament" title="Act of parliament">Act of parliament</a>, most of Ireland was made independent as the <a href="/wiki/Irish_Free_State" title="Irish Free State">Irish Free State</a>. Thus, even entrenched clauses were argued to be open to amendment by the authority of Parliament. The Committee agreed and reported to the House on 20 October 1999 that the Bill was indeed lawful in this regard.<sup id="cite_ref-second_report_full_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-second_report_full-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Committee's first and second reports were considered,<sup id="cite_ref-second_report_full_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-second_report_full-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the Lords passed the bill 221 to 81 on 26 October 1999.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the session, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Beauclerk,_Earl_of_Burford" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles Beauclerk, Earl of Burford">Charles Beauclerk, Earl of Burford</a>, son of the <a href="/wiki/Murray_Beauclerk,_14th_Duke_of_St_Albans" title="Murray Beauclerk, 14th Duke of St Albans">Duke of St Albans</a>, launched a protest at the constitutional implications of the bill while standing on the <a href="/wiki/Woolsack" title="Woolsack">Woolsack</a>, and was ejected from the chamber.<sup id="cite_ref-Earl_of_Burford_protest_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Earl_of_Burford_protest-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Once the Lords settled the differences between their version of the bill and the Commons version, the Bill received <a href="/wiki/Royal_assent" title="Royal assent">royal assent</a> on 11 November 1999 and became an <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Parliament_(United_Kingdom)" title="Act of Parliament (United Kingdom)">Act of Parliament</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Royalassent1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Royalassent1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Act came into force the same day.<sup id="cite_ref-Commencement1_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Commencement1-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Membership_of_the_House_of_Lords">Membership of the House of Lords</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Membership of the House of Lords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The House of Lords Act 1999 first provides that "No-one shall be a member of the House of Lords by virtue of a hereditary peerage."<sup id="cite_ref-Original_act_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Original_act-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (The Act treats the <a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Wales" title="Prince of Wales">Principality of Wales</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Earldom_of_Chester" class="mw-redirect" title="Earldom of Chester">Earldom of Chester</a> as hereditary peerages.) The Act then provides that 92 peers, including the <a href="/wiki/Earl_Marshal" title="Earl Marshal">Earl Marshal</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lord_Great_Chamberlain" title="Lord Great Chamberlain">Lord Great Chamberlain</a> and 90 other peers elected in accordance with the <a href="/wiki/Parliamentary_procedure" title="Parliamentary procedure">Standing Orders</a> of the House, would be excepted from the exclusion of hereditary peers, and that after the first session of the next Parliament, whenever one of those seats fell vacant, the Lords would have to proceed to a <a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_House_of_Lords" title="By-elections to the House of Lords">by-election</a>. The Act also provided that a hereditary peer would be entitled to vote in elections for, and sit in, the House of Commons, unless he or she was a member of the House of Lords. Previously, hereditary peers had been constitutionally disqualified from participating in elections to the House of Commons. The first hereditary peer to gain a seat in the Commons under this provision was <a href="/wiki/John_Thurso" title="John Thurso">John Thurso</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Earlofsnowdon.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Earlofsnowdon.jpeg/170px-Earlofsnowdon.jpeg" decoding="async" width="170" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/be/Earlofsnowdon.jpeg/255px-Earlofsnowdon.jpeg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/be/Earlofsnowdon.jpeg 2x" data-file-width="279" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones,_1st_Earl_of_Snowdon" title="Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon">Antony Armstrong-Jones, 1st Earl of Snowdon</a>, was made a <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peer</a> in 1999</figcaption></figure> <p>The Act prevents even hereditary peers who are the first to hold their titles from sitting automatically in the House of Lords; however, the Government gave <a href="/wiki/Life_peer" title="Life peer">life peerages</a> (the titles of which are indicated in parentheses) to all three living non-royal hereditary peers of first creation (Low, Erroll and Pakenham were the only living non-royal hereditary peers of first creation as of November 1999; see the lists of hereditary peerages<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and also offered life peerages to the royal peers (of whom only the Earl of Snowdon accepted):<sup id="cite_ref-bbc_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbc-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gazette19november1999_44-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette19november1999-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Hereditary peerage</th> <th>Life peerage</th> <th>Died/Left House </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Toby_Low" class="mw-redirect" title="Toby Low">Toby Low</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baron_Aldington" title="Baron Aldington">Baron Aldington</a> </td> <td>Baron Low </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frederick_Erroll" class="mw-redirect" title="Frederick Erroll">Frederick Erroll</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baron_Erroll_of_Hale" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Erroll of Hale">Baron Erroll of Hale</a> </td> <td>Baron Erroll of Kilmun </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Antony_Armstrong-Jones" class="mw-redirect" title="Antony Armstrong-Jones">Antony Armstrong-Jones</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Snowdon" title="Earl of Snowdon">Earl of Snowdon</a> </td> <td>Baron Armstrong-Jones </td> <td>2016 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Francis Pakenham</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Longford" title="Earl of Longford">Earl of Longford</a><sup id="cite_ref-EarlofLongford_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EarlofLongford-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Baron Pakenham of Cowley </td> <td>2001 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p><a href="/wiki/William_Whitelaw" title="William Whitelaw">William Whitelaw</a>, died on 1 July 1999; had he lived he would have been eligible as a former Leader of the House of Lords 1983–1988 and as a first holder of his hereditary peerage. </p><p>Additionally, life peerages were created for all former living Leaders of the House of Lords who were hereditary peers (<a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Quintin Hogg</a> already held a life peerage since 1970): </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Leader_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Leader of the House of Lords">Leader of the House</a></th> <th>Hereditary peerage</th> <th>Life peerage</th> <th>Died/Left House</th> <th>Ref </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Quintin_Hogg,_Baron_Hailsham_of_St_Marylebone" title="Quintin Hogg, Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone">Quintin Hogg</a> </td> <td>1960–1963 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viscount_Hailsham" title="Viscount Hailsham">Viscount Hailsham</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peerage_Act_1963#List_of_disclaimed_peerages" title="Peerage Act 1963">disclaimed in 1963</a>) </td> <td>Baron Hailsham of St Marylebone (1970) </td> <td>2001 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Carington" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Carington">Peter Carington</a> </td> <td>1963–1964 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baron_Carrington" title="Baron Carrington">Baron Carrington</a> </td> <td>Baron Carington of Upton </td> <td>2018 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-gazette23november1999_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette23november1999-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Pakenham,_7th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Frank Pakenham, 7th Earl of Longford">Francis Pakenham</a> </td> <td>1964–1968 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Longford" title="Earl of Longford">Earl of Longford</a><sup id="cite_ref-EarlofLongford_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EarlofLongford-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Baron Pakenham of Cowley </td> <td>2001 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-gazette19november1999_44-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette19november1999-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Jellicoe" class="mw-redirect" title="George Jellicoe">George Jellicoe</a> </td> <td>1970–1973 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earl_Jellicoe" title="Earl Jellicoe">Earl Jellicoe</a> </td> <td>Baron Jellicoe of Southampton </td> <td>2007 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-gazette23november1999_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette23november1999-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Hennessy,_3rd_Baron_Windlesham" title="David Hennessy, 3rd Baron Windlesham">David Hennessy</a> </td> <td>1973–1974 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baron_Windlesham" title="Baron Windlesham">Baron Windlesham</a> </td> <td>Baron Hennessy </td> <td>2010 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-gazette19november1999_44-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette19november1999-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Shepherd,_2nd_Baron_Shepherd" title="Malcolm Shepherd, 2nd Baron Shepherd">Malcolm Shepherd</a> </td> <td>1974–1976 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baron_Shepherd" title="Baron Shepherd">Baron Shepherd</a> </td> <td>Baron Shepherd of Spalding </td> <td>2001 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-gazette19november1999_44-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette19november1999-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/John_Ganzoni,_2nd_Baron_Belstead" title="John Ganzoni, 2nd Baron Belstead">John Ganzoni</a> </td> <td>1988–1990 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Baron_Belstead" title="Baron Belstead">Baron Belstead</a> </td> <td>Baron Ganzoni </td> <td>2005 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-gazette23november1999_47-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette23november1999-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Gascoyne-Cecil,_7th_Marquess_of_Salisbury" title="Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 7th Marquess of Salisbury">Robert Gascoyne-Cecil</a> </td> <td>1994–1997 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viscount_Cranborne" class="mw-redirect" title="Viscount Cranborne">Viscount Cranborne</a><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td>Baron Gascoyne-Cecil </td> <td>2017 </td> <td><sup id="cite_ref-gazette23november1999_47-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gazette23november1999-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>The following hereditary peers who had been created life peers remained in the House after the Act was passed, they were: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Name</th> <th>Hereditary peerage</th> <th>Life peerage</th> <th>Died/Left House </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Berry,_Baron_Hartwell" title="Michael Berry, Baron Hartwell">Michael Berry</a><sup id="cite_ref-demon_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viscount_Camrose" title="Viscount Camrose">Viscount Camrose</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peerage_Act_1963#List_of_disclaimed_peerages" title="Peerage Act 1963">disclaimed in 1995</a>) </td> <td>Baron Hartwell (1968) </td> <td>2000 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lindsay,_29th_Earl_of_Crawford" title="Robert Lindsay, 29th Earl of Crawford">Robert Lindsay</a> </td> <td>Earl of <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Crawford" title="Earl of Crawford">Crawford</a> and <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Balcarres" title="Earl of Balcarres">Balcarres</a> </td> <td>Baron Balniel (1975) </td> <td>2019 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/George_Younger" class="mw-redirect" title="George Younger">George Younger</a><sup id="cite_ref-demon_50-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viscount_Younger_of_Leckie" title="Viscount Younger of Leckie">Viscount Younger of Leckie</a> </td> <td>Baron Younger of Prestwick (1992) </td> <td>2003 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/James_Douglas-Hamilton" class="mw-redirect" title="James Douglas-Hamilton">James Douglas-Hamilton</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Selkirk" title="Earl of Selkirk">Earl of Selkirk</a> (<a href="/wiki/Peerage_Act_1963#List_of_disclaimed_peerages" title="Peerage Act 1963">disclaimed in 1994</a>) </td> <td>Baron Selkirk of Douglas (1997) </td> <td>2023 </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Life peerages were also offered to members of the royal family with new hereditary peerages, but were declined, as this would have meant they would continue to hold seats in the reformed House of Lords: <a href="/wiki/Prince_Philip,_Duke_of_Edinburgh" title="Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh">Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh</a>; <a href="/wiki/Charles,_Prince_of_Wales" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles, Prince of Wales">Charles, Prince of Wales</a>; <a href="/wiki/Prince_Andrew,_Duke_of_York" title="Prince Andrew, Duke of York">Prince Andrew, Duke of York</a>; and <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward,_Earl_of_Wessex" class="mw-redirect" title="Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex">Prince Edward, Earl of Wessex</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="First_election_to_the_House_of_Lords">First election to the House of Lords</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: First election to the House of Lords"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/1999_House_of_Lords_elections" title="1999 House of Lords elections">1999 House of Lords elections</a></div> <p>Before the granting of Royal Assent, the Lords had adopted a Standing Order making provision for the election of those hereditary peers who would remain members of the House under section 2 of the Act.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Order provided that there be elected: </p> <ul><li>two peers by the Labour hereditary peers</li> <li>three peers by the Liberal Democrat hereditary peers</li> <li>28 peers by the <a href="/wiki/Crossbench" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossbench">Crossbench</a> hereditary peers</li> <li>42 peers by the Conservative hereditary peers</li> <li>15 peers, ready to serve as Deputy Speakers and in other offices, by the whole House of Lords</li></ul> <p>The elections for officers of the House were held on 27 and 28 October 1999, while those for peers elected by party were held on 3 and 4 November; the results were proclaimed to the House on 29 October and 5 November.<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voters were required to rank candidates in order of preference for the number of seats available, with the candidates receiving the greatest number of votes, without regard to the ranking on the ballots, so in effect <a href="/wiki/Plurality-at-large_voting" class="mw-redirect" title="Plurality-at-large voting">block voting</a>, declared elected. Only if there were ties would the ranking be examined. Thereafter, until November 2002, if a vacancy occurred, the next-highest placed unsuccessful candidate in the original election would fill the seat. Following the deaths of the <a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert,_7th_Earl_of_Carnarvon" title="Henry Herbert, 7th Earl of Carnarvon">Earl of Carnarvon</a> in 2000 and <a href="/wiki/Ziki_Robertson,_11th_Baroness_Wharton" title="Ziki Robertson, 11th Baroness Wharton">Baroness Wharton</a> in 2001, <a href="/wiki/David_Lytton_Cobbold,_2nd_Baron_Cobbold" title="David Lytton Cobbold, 2nd Baron Cobbold">Lord Cobbold</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roger_Chorley,_2nd_Baron_Chorley" title="Roger Chorley, 2nd Baron Chorley">Lord Chorley</a> became eligible to take their respective seats in the House.<sup id="cite_ref-demon_50-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-demon-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Subsequent_by-elections">Subsequent by-elections</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Subsequent by-elections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/By-elections_to_the_House_of_Lords" title="By-elections to the House of Lords">By-elections to the House of Lords</a></div> <p>Since November 2002, by-elections have been held to fill vacancies. Two by-elections were held in 2003, one in 2004, four in 2005, one in each of 2007, 2008 and 2009, two in 2010, four in 2011, two in 2013, four in 2014, six in 2015, two in 2016, two in 2017, three in 2018, two in 2019,<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> five in 2021, six in 2022, and three in 2023.<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Voting is by <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">preferential voting</a>, with peers ranking the candidates in order of preference. As many or as few preferences as desired may be indicated. To win the election, a peer must receive at least one half of the available votes. If no candidate receives this number of first preference votes, the candidate with the fewest first preference votes is eliminated, with each of their votes being redistributed according to the second preference marked on the ballot (see <a href="/wiki/Instant-runoff_voting" title="Instant-runoff voting">instant-runoff voting</a>). The process is continued until one candidate receives at least one half of the remaining votes.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subsequent_reform_proposals">Subsequent reform proposals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Subsequent reform proposals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Reform of the House of Lords">Reform of the House of Lords</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Labour_proposals_to_remove_remaining_hereditary_peers_(until_2009)"><span id="Labour_proposals_to_remove_remaining_hereditary_peers_.28until_2009.29"></span>Labour proposals to remove remaining hereditary peers (until 2009)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Labour proposals to remove remaining hereditary peers (until 2009)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Labour Government expected eventually to present a bill for a second stage of House of Lords reform based on <a href="/wiki/Lord_Steel" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Steel">Lord Steel</a>'s earlier bills, which aimed to remove the remaining 92 hereditary peers;<sup id="cite_ref-han2dec_59-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-han2dec-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Balls_of_Steel_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balls_of_Steel-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the history of such attempts between 1997 and 2009 is set out in a report in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-61" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Proposals called <i>The House of Lords: Reform</i> were published by order of the House on 1 January 2007, with a foreword by <a href="/wiki/Jack_Straw" title="Jack Straw">Jack Straw</a>. In 2009, Labour introduced the <a href="/wiki/Constitutional_Reform_and_Governance_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="Constitutional Reform and Governance Bill">Constitutional Reform and Governance Bill</a>, which would have ended the by-elections to fill vacancies for hereditary peers, thereby removing them through attrition.<sup id="cite_ref-62" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, these elements were dropped from the bill entirely, along with other clauses relating to the expulsion and resignation of peers from the House of Lords.<sup id="cite_ref-Balls_of_Steel_60-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balls_of_Steel-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2012_coalition_bill_electing_all_Lords_and_halving_their_number">2012 coalition bill electing all Lords and halving their number</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: 2012 coalition bill electing all Lords and halving their number"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Reform_Bill_2012" title="House of Lords Reform Bill 2012">House of Lords Reform Bill 2012</a></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Cameron%E2%80%93Clegg_coalition" title="Cameron–Clegg coalition">coalition government</a> of <a href="/wiki/David_Cameron" title="David Cameron">David Cameron</a> (Conservatives) and <a href="/wiki/Nick_Clegg" title="Nick Clegg">Nick Clegg</a> (Liberal Democrats), inaugurated in 2010, had plans to reform the House of Lords by making it mostly elected and slashing its size.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcqa_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcqa-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Deputy Prime Minister and Liberal Democrat leader Nick Clegg spearheaded the push to bring in the changes.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcqa_63-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcqa-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government wanted four-fifths of members of a reformed House of Lords to be elected. They would have served 15-year terms of office, after which they could not run for re-election. The number of peers was to be almost halved, from 826 to 450. The chamber would have kept the title of House of Lords, after names like Senate and Reformed House were rejected. Peers were each to represent a specific region of the United Kingdom, as constituted for the election of Members of the European Parliament. One-third of seats would have been filled by elections held every five years. Of the remaining 90 members, 12—rather than the current 26—would have been Church of England bishops. The remainder were to continue to be appointed, and all hereditary peers were to be removed.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcqa_63-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcqa-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The government had scheduled passage of its bill for the spring of 2013, and the elections were to have taken place in 2015, but the effort stalled when in July 2012, 91 Conservatives in the Commons rebelled against the government in a vote on how to timetable the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Reform_Bill" class="mw-redirect" title="House of Lords Reform Bill">House of Lords Reform Bill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcqa_63-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcqa-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-64" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In August 2012, the coalition's plans were dropped.<sup id="cite_ref-bbcqa_63-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-bbcqa-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2014_and_2015_reform_acts">2014 and 2015 reform acts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 2014 and 2015 reform acts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_Reform_Act_2014" title="House of Lords Reform Act 2014">House of Lords Reform Act 2014</a> allowed peers to retire or resign, to be expelled for serious criminal offences, or to be removed for non-attendance during a whole session. The Act came out of a concern with the size of the chamber; a year later, in May 2015 membership stood at 787 with an additional 31 on a leave of absence. It was presented by <a href="/wiki/Dan_Byles" title="Dan Byles">Dan Byles</a> and based on earlier bills which Lord Steel had attempted to pass through parliament.<sup id="cite_ref-Balls_of_Steel_60-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balls_of_Steel-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords_(Expulsion_and_Suspension)_Act_2015" title="House of Lords (Expulsion and Suspension) Act 2015">House of Lords (Expulsion and Suspension) Act 2015</a> authorised the House of Lords to expel or suspend a member for serious misconduct; expelled members are permanently barred from returning to the House. Unlike the 2014 Act, members did not have to have been sentenced to at least a year's imprisonment in order to be expelled for misconduct. The Act was introduced by <a href="/wiki/Baroness_Hayman" class="mw-redirect" title="Baroness Hayman">Baroness Hayman</a> to address the "narrow" circumstances for expulsion set out in the 2014 Act.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2016_bill_to_phase_out_hereditary_peers">2016 bill to phase out hereditary peers</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: 2016 bill to phase out hereditary peers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An amendment to the 1999 Act was proposed by Labour peer <a href="/wiki/Lord_Grocott" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Grocott">Lord Grocott</a> to abolish by-elections, but was <a href="/wiki/Filibuster" title="Filibuster">filibustered</a> in 2016 by Conservative hereditary peer <a href="/wiki/Lord_Trefgarne" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Trefgarne">Lord Trefgarne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Filibuster2016_66-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Filibuster2016-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reform_of_the_House_of_Lords" title="Reform of the House of Lords">Reform of the House of Lords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roll_of_the_Peerage" title="Roll of the Peerage">Roll of the Peerage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_excepted_hereditary_peers" title="List of excepted hereditary peers">List of excepted hereditary peers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hereditary_peers_removed_under_the_House_of_Lords_Act_1999" title="List of hereditary peers removed under the House of Lords Act 1999">List of hereditary peers removed under the House of Lords Act 1999</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Original_act-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Original_act_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Original_act_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071030080047/http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1999/ukpga_19990034_en_1">"House of Lords Act 1999 (original text)"</a>. 11 November 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1999/ukpga_19990034_en_1">the original</a> on 30 October 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Lords+Act+1999+%28original+text%29&rft.date=1999-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.opsi.gov.uk%2Facts%2Facts1999%2Fukpga_19990034_en_1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Introducedby1-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Introducedby1_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Introducedby1_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmhansrd/vo990119/debtext/90119-08.htm">"Hansard, Vol 323 No 22 Col 714"</a>. 19 January 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard%2C+Vol+323+No+22+Col+714&rft.date=1999-01-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm199899%2Fcmhansrd%2Fvo990119%2Fdebtext%2F90119-08.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Royalassent1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Royalassent1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royalassent1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Royalassent1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmhansrd/vo991111/debtext/91111-11.htm#91111-11_head0">"Hansard, Vol 337 No 149 Col 1306"</a>. 11 November 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard%2C+Vol+337+No+149+Col+1306&rft.date=1999-11-11&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm199899%2Fcmhansrd%2Fvo991111%2Fdebtext%2F91111-11.htm%2391111-11_head0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Commencement1-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Commencement1_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Commencement1_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/ldbrief/10402.htm">"House of Lords – Annual Report and Accounts 1999–2000"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>the Bill received Royal Assent and came into force on 11 November (the last day of the 1998–99 session).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Lords+%E2%80%93+Annual+Report+and+Accounts+1999%E2%80%932000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199900%2Fldbrief%2F10402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/503329.stm">"Snowdon leads Lords converts"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 2 November 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Snowdon+leads+Lords+converts&rft.date=1999-11-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F503329.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199900/ldbrief/10402.htm">"House of Lords – Annual Report and Accounts 1999–2000"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>This major change had the effect of reducing the total membership of the House from 1,330 in October 1999 – the highest figure ever recorded – to 669 in March 2000</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Lords+%E2%80%93+Annual+Report+and+Accounts+1999%E2%80%932000&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199900%2Fldbrief%2F10402.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-background_statistics-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-background_statistics_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-background_statistics_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCracknell2000" class="citation book cs1">Cracknell, Richard (15 June 2000). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000824144829/http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2000/rp00-061.pdf"><i>Lords Reform: The interim House – background statistics; Research Paper 00/61</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. House of Commons Library. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/commons/lib/research/rp2000/rp00-061.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 24 August 2000<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lords+Reform%3A+The+interim+House+%E2%80%93+background+statistics%3B+Research+Paper+00%2F61&rft.pub=House+of+Commons+Library&rft.date=2000-06-15&rft.aulast=Cracknell&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fcommons%2Flib%2Fresearch%2Frp2000%2Frp00-061.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-houseoflords-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-houseoflords_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://members.parliament.uk/parties/lords">"Lords membership"</a>. <i>UK Parliament</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Lords+membership&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmembers.parliament.uk%2Fparties%2Flords&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-16702806">"What is the role of bishops in UK politics?"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 25 January 2012.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=What+is+the+role+of+bishops+in+UK+politics%3F&rft.date=2012-01-25&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-16702806&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061016203459/http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/institution.cfm">"Parliament: The political institution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/institution.cfm">the original</a> on 16 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>During the 15th century, King Henry V put the Commons on an equal footing with the Lords.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliament%3A+The+political+institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Finstitution.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061016203459/http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/institution.cfm">"Parliament: The political institution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/institution.cfm">the original</a> on 16 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>The Bill of Rights was agreed in 1689. This established Parliament's authority over the monarch</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliament%3A+The+political+institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Finstitution.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061016203459/http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/institution.cfm">"Parliament: The political institution"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.uk/about/history/institution.cfm">the original</a> on 16 October 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>The Parliament Acts of 1911 and 1949 increased the authority of the Commons over the Lords when passing new laws. The Acts removed the powers of the Lords to amend any Bills concerning money and reduced the amount of time they could delay a Bill.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parliament%3A+The+political+institution&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Finstitution.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/vote_2005/basics/election4/past_elections/4393323.stm">"1997: Labour landslide ends Tory rule"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/British_Broadcasting_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="British Broadcasting Corporation">British Broadcasting Corporation</a>. 15 April 2005<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=1997%3A+Labour+landslide+ends+Tory+rule&rft.date=2005-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2Fvote_2005%2Fbasics%2Felection4%2Fpast_elections%2F4393323.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080517100335/http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/1997_general_election.htm">"The 1997 General Election"</a>. <i>History Learning Site</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historylearningsite.co.uk/1997_general_election.htm">the original</a> on 17 May 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>the [percentage] of Tory votes for all votes cast, was the lowest since 1832</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=History+Learning+Site&rft.atitle=The+1997+General+Election&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historylearningsite.co.uk%2F1997_general_election.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980525042836/http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/lab83.htm"><i>The New Hope for Britain; Labour Party Manifesto 1983</i></a>. The Labour Party. 1983. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/lab83.htm">the original</a> on 25 May 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>Take action to abolish the undemocratic House of Lords as quickly as possible</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+New+Hope+for+Britain%3B+Labour+Party+Manifesto+1983&rft.pub=The+Labour+Party&rft.date=1983&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psr.keele.ac.uk%2Farea%2Fuk%2Fman%2Flab83.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/19980525043103/http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/lab92.htm"><i>It's time to get Britain working again; Labour Party Manifesto 1992</i></a>. The Labour Party. 1992. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.psr.keele.ac.uk/area/uk/man/lab92.htm">the original</a> on 25 May 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>Further constitutional reforms will include those leading to the replacement of the House of Lords with a new elected Second Chamber</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=It%27s+time+to+get+Britain+working+again%3B+Labour+Party+Manifesto+1992&rft.pub=The+Labour+Party&rft.date=1992&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psr.keele.ac.uk%2Farea%2Fuk%2Fman%2Flab92.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/vote2001/hi/english/main_issues/sections/facts/newsid_1214000/1214416.stm">"Vote 2001: House of Lords reform"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>In the first year of Tony Blair's government there were 38 defeats.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Vote+2001%3A+House+of+Lords+reform&rft.date=2001-03-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2Fvote2001%2Fhi%2Fenglish%2Fmain_issues%2Fsections%2Ffacts%2Fnewsid_1214000%2F1214416.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/226849.stm">"Euro bill forced through"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>This was the first constitutional measure to have been guillotined (broken down into pieces) and where a government needed to use the Parliament Act procedures.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Euro+bill+forced+through&rft.date=1998-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F226849.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-h18nov-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-h18nov_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199798/cmhansrd/vo981118/debtext/81118-21.htm">"Hansard, Vol 319 Col 931"</a>. 18 November 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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As an initial, self-contained reform, not dependent on further reform in the future, the right of hereditary Peers to sit and vote in the House of Lords will be ended by statute...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=New+labour%3A+because+Britain+deserves+better%3B+Labour+Party+Manifesto+1997&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E32-%3C%2Fspan%3E33&rft.pub=The+Labour+Party&rft.date=1997&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psr.keele.ac.uk%2Farea%2Fuk%2Fman%2Flab97.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcthisday-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-bbcthisday_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/november/24/newsid_4007000/4007601.stm">"Queen's speech spells end for peers"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Matrix+of+Power%3B+Lords+Reform&rft.date=1998-10-16&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=Dennis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fspecial_report%2F1998%2F10%2F98%2Fmatrix%2F179548.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/192702.stm">"UK Politics | Labour peer attacks 'degrading' Lords reform"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 13 October 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>Tory Lords are already in open revolt over his sacking of their leader Viscount Cranborne, with six of them resigning.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Hague+leadership+in+crisis&rft.date=1998-12-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F227197.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmhansrd/vo990316/debtext/90316-37.htm#90316-37_div106">"Hansard, Vol 327 No 55 Col 995"</a>. 16 March 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>peers reluctantly endorsed the compromise 'Weatherill amendment' which will reprieve 92 of its 750 hereditary members</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Suspicious+peers+back+reform&rft.date=1999-05-12&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Lucy+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F1999%2Fmay%2F12%2Flordreform.constitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199899/ldhansrd/vo990727/text/90727-03.htm#90727-03_head2">"Hansard, Vol 604 No 127 Cols 1399–1422"</a>. 27 July 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>The primary issue that the question raises is whether the Bill (as so amended) would... breach Article XXII of the Acts of Union of 1706 and 1707.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+Report+from+the+Committee+for+Privileges%3B+Statement+of+Issues+agreed+between+the+Lord+Gray+and+Her+Majesty%27s+Government&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1999-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199899%2Fldselect%2Fldprivi%2F108i%2F10809.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110604203039/http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199899/ldselect/ldprivi/108i/10809.htm">"Second Report from the Committee for Privileges; Extract of the Union with Scotland Act 1706 (Article XIX)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Stationery_Office" title="The Stationery Office">The Stationery Office</a>. 20 October 1999. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199899/ldselect/ldprivi/108i/10801.htm">the original</a> on 19 November 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>it is the unanimous opinion of the Committee that the House of Lords Bill (as amended on Report) would not, if enacted, breach the provisions of the Treaty of Union between England and Scotland.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Second+Report+from+the+Committee+for+Privileges&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1999-10-20&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199899%2Fldselect%2Fldprivi%2F108i%2F10801.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080908100412/http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199899/ldselect/ldprivi/106i/106i01.htm">"First Report from the Committee for Privileges"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Stationery_Office" title="The Stationery Office">The Stationery Office</a>. 18 October 1999. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199899/ldselect/ldprivi/106i/106i01.htm">the original</a> on 8 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=First+Report+from+the+Committee+for+Privileges&rft.pub=The+Stationery+Office&rft.date=1999-10-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199899%2Fldselect%2Fldprivi%2F106i%2F106i01.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199899/ldhansrd/vo991026/text/91026-31.htm">"Hansard, Vol 606 No 142 Col 290"</a>. 26 October 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard%2C+Vol+606+No+142+Col+290&rft.date=1999-10-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199899%2Fldhansrd%2Fvo991026%2Ftext%2F91026-31.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Earl_of_Burford_protest-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Earl_of_Burford_protest_39-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/uk_politics/486551.stm">"Uk Politics One lord a-leaping"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 26 October 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 July</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Uk+Politics+One+lord+a-leaping&rft.date=1999-10-26&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fuk_politics%2F486551.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060111172543/http://www.libdems.org.uk/party/people/viscount-john-thurso.html">"John Thurso MP Biography"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libdems.org.uk/party/people/viscount-john-thurso.html">the original</a> on 11 January 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>He is the first and only hereditary peer to have been elected to the Commons having previously sat in the Lords.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=John+Thurso+MP+Biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.libdems.org.uk%2Fparty%2Fpeople%2Fviscount-john-thurso.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peerages.info/peerages6.htm">"UK peerage creations: Peerages created since 1 August 1958 other than under the Life Peerages Act 1958"</a>. <i>UK peerage creations from 1801</i>. 1 August 1958<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+peerage+creations+from+1801&rft.atitle=UK+peerage+creations%3A+Peerages+created+since+1+August+1958+other+than+under+the+Life+Peerages+Act+1958&rft.date=1958-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peerages.info%2Fpeerages6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.peerages.info/peerages2.htm">"UK peerage creations: Chronological list 1901–1950"</a>. <i>UK peerage creations from 1801</i>. 1 August 1958<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 April</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+peerage+creations+from+1801&rft.atitle=UK+peerage+creations%3A+Chronological+list+1951%E2%80%931990&rft.date=1958-08-01&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.peerages.info%2Fpeerages3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gazette19november1999-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gazette19november1999_44-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazette19november1999_44-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazette19november1999_44-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazette19november1999_44-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette55672" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/55672/page/12349">"No. 55672"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 19 November 1999. p. 12349.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+55672&rft.pages=12349&rft.date=1999-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F55672%2Fpage%2F12349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EarlofLongford-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-EarlofLongford_45-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-EarlofLongford_45-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Pakenham was created <a href="/wiki/Baron_Pakenham" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Pakenham">Baron Pakenham</a> in 1945 in his own right, until his brother <a href="/wiki/Edward_Pakenham,_6th_Earl_of_Longford" title="Edward Pakenham, 6th Earl of Longford">Edward Pakenham, 6th Earl of Longford</a> died in 1961, which he inherited the <a href="/wiki/Earl_of_Longford" title="Earl of Longford">Earldom of Longford</a> which <a href="/wiki/Peerage_of_Ireland" title="Peerage of Ireland">Irish Peers</a> did not carry an entitlement to a seat in <a href="/wiki/House_of_Lords" title="House of Lords">House of Lords</a>, he had sat in the House as either his own outright title as Baron Pakenham or the <a href="/wiki/Baron_Silchester" class="mw-redirect" title="Baron Silchester">Baron Silchester</a> which was created for <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Pakenham,_2nd_Earl_of_Longford" title="Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford">Thomas Pakenham, 2nd Earl of Longford</a> in 1821.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette45141" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/45141/page/7302">"No. 45141"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 2 July 1970. p. 7302.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+45141&rft.pages=7302&rft.date=1970-07-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F45141%2Fpage%2F7302&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gazette23november1999-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gazette23november1999_47-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazette23november1999_47-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazette23november1999_47-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-gazette23november1999_47-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette55676" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/55676/page/12466">"No. 55676"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 23 November 1999. p. 12466.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+55676&rft.pages=12466&rft.date=1999-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F55676%2Fpage%2F12466&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGazette52911" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/52911/page/7756">"No. 52911"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_London_Gazette" title="The London Gazette">The London Gazette</a></i>. 5 May 1992. p. 7756.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+London+Gazette&rft.atitle=No.+52911&rft.pages=7756&rft.date=1992-05-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegazette.co.uk%2FLondon%2Fissue%2F52911%2Fpage%2F7756&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">He was summoned in the House of Lords as Baron Cecil, although he continued to be known by his courtesy style of Viscount Cranborne until 2003.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-demon-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-demon_50-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demon_50-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-demon_50-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200905114440/http://www.election.demon.co.uk/lords.html">"House of Lords Act: Hereditary Peers Elections"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.election.demon.co.uk/lords.html">the original</a> on 5 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Lords+Act%3A+Hereditary+Peers+Elections&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.election.demon.co.uk%2Flords.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWatt1999" class="citation news cs1">Watt, Nicholas (3 November 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/1999/nov/03/lordreform.constitution">"Dismay as Snowdon stays in Lords"</a>. <i>guardian.co.uk</i>. London: <a href="/wiki/Guardian_Media_Group" title="Guardian Media Group">Guardian Media Group</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>four "peers of the royal blood", whose titles were created in their lifetimes, would not take life peerages</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=guardian.co.uk&rft.atitle=Dismay+as+Snowdon+stays+in+Lords&rft.date=1999-11-03&rft.aulast=Watt&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fpolitics%2F1999%2Fnov%2F03%2Flordreform.constitution&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199899/ldhansrd/vo990726/text/90726-03.htm#90726-03_head2">"Hansard, Vol 604 No 126 Cols 1290–1292"</a>. 26 July 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard%2C+Vol+604+No+126+Cols+1290%E2%80%931292&rft.date=1999-07-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199899%2Fldhansrd%2Fvo990726%2Ftext%2F90726-03.htm%2390726-03_head2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199899/ldhansrd/vo991029/text/91029-02.htm#91029-02_head0">"Hansard, Vol 606 No 145 Col 510"</a>. 29 October 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard%2C+Vol+606+No+145+Col+510&rft.date=1999-10-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199899%2Fldhansrd%2Fvo991029%2Ftext%2F91029-02.htm%2391029-02_head0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/ld199899/ldhansrd/vo991105/text/91105-02.htm#91105-02_head0">"Hansard, Vol 606 No 150 Cols 1135–1136"</a>. 5 November 1999<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hansard%2C+Vol+606+No+150+Cols+1135%E2%80%931136&rft.date=1999-11-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fld199899%2Fldhansrd%2Fvo991105%2Ftext%2F91105-02.htm%2391105-02_head0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/offices/lords/house-of-lords-external-communications/by-elections/pnlist/">"Previous by-elections in the House of Lords"</a>. <i>UK Parliament</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=Previous+by-elections+in+the+House+of+Lords&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fmps-lords-and-offices%2Foffices%2Flords%2Fhouse-of-lords-external-communications%2Fby-elections%2Fpnlist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/mps-lords-and-offices/offices/lords/house-of-lords-external-communications/by-elections/">"By-elections in the House of Lords"</a>. <i>UK Parliament</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UK+Parliament&rft.atitle=By-elections+in+the+House+of+Lords&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fmps-lords-and-offices%2Foffices%2Flords%2Fhouse-of-lords-external-communications%2Fby-elections%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/documents/lords-information-office/2018/Notice-by-election-27-11-18.pdf">"Hereditary peers' by-election: vacancy created by death of Lord Skelmersdale (Whole House electorate)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/UK_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Parliament">UK Parliament</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hereditary+peers%27+by-election%3A+vacancy+created+by+death+of+Lord+Skelmersdale+%28Whole+House+electorate%29&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2Flords-information-office%2F2018%2FNotice-by-election-27-11-18.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.parliament.uk/globalassets/documents/lords-information-office/Hereditary-peers-by-election-result-july2015.pdf">"Crossbench hereditary peers' by-election, July 2015: result"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/UK_Parliament" class="mw-redirect" title="UK Parliament">UK Parliament</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crossbench+hereditary+peers%27+by-election%2C+July+2015%3A+result&rft.pub=UK+Parliament&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.parliament.uk%2Fglobalassets%2Fdocuments%2Flords-information-office%2FHereditary-peers-by-election-result-july2015.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-han2dec-59"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-han2dec_59-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm199899/cmhansrd/vo981202/debtext/81202-18.htm#81202-18_spnew3">"HC Hansard, Vol 321 Col 875"</a>. 2 December 1998<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2008</span>. <q>Yes, we are certainly prepared to agree to a proposal that would allow us to remove the hereditary peers altogether, in two stages. We are perfectly prepared to agree that in the first stage one in 10 hereditaries stays, and in the second stage they go altogether.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=HC+Hansard%2C+Vol+321+Col+875&rft.date=1998-12-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm199899%2Fcmhansrd%2Fvo981202%2Fdebtext%2F81202-18.htm%2381202-18_spnew3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balls_of_Steel-60"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balls_of_Steel_60-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balls_of_Steel_60-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balls_of_Steel_60-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRyan" class="citation journal cs1">Ryan, Mark. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://uk.westlaw.com/Document/I3A3605F05C5611E58916B963212E7CCD/View/FullText.html">"Bills of Steel: The House of Lords Reform Act 2014"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Public_Law_(journal)" title="Public Law (journal)">Public Law</a></i> (October 2015): <span class="nowrap">558–</span>70<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Public+Law&rft.atitle=Bills+of+Steel%3A+The+House+of+Lords+Reform+Act+2014&rft.issue=October+2015&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E558-%3C%2Fspan%3E70&rft.aulast=Ryan&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fuk.westlaw.com%2FDocument%2FI3A3605F05C5611E58916B963212E7CCD%2FView%2FFullText.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/politics/2009/jan/27/house-of-lords-reform">theguardian.com: "Labour's attempts to reform the House of Lords"</a>, dated 27 January 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmbills/142/09142.12-18.html#hereditries">"Constitutional Reform and Governance Bill"</a>. <i>publications.parliament.uk</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=publications.parliament.uk&rft.atitle=Constitutional+Reform+and+Governance+Bill&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpublications.parliament.uk%2Fpa%2Fcm200809%2Fcmbills%2F142%2F09142.12-18.html%23hereditries&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbcqa-63"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbcqa_63-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcqa_63-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcqa_63-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcqa_63-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbcqa_63-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-18612233">bbc.com: "Q&A: House of Lords reform"</a>, 6 August 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-18782379">bbc.com: "Lords reform: How the Commons war will be fought"</a>, 10 July 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly2016" class="citation web cs1">Kelly, Richard (1 July 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://researchbriefings.files.parliament.uk/documents/SN07093/SN07093.pdf">"House of Lords (Expulsion and Suspension) Act 2015 Briefing Paper"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 September</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=House+of+Lords+%28Expulsion+and+Suspension%29+Act+2015+Briefing+Paper&rft.date=2016-07-01&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearchbriefings.files.parliament.uk%2Fdocuments%2FSN07093%2FSN07093.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Filibuster2016-66"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Filibuster2016_66-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-38261542">"Hereditary peers reform plan runs out of time"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>. 9 December 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Hereditary+peers+reform+plan+runs+out+of+time&rft.date=2016-12-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-38261542&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHouse+of+Lords+Act+1999" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archives.parliament.uk/collections/getrecord/GB61_HL_PO_PU_1_1999_c34">Digital reproduction of the Original Act on the Parliamentary Archives catalogue</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=House_of_Lords_Act_1999&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> The full text of <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/House_of_Lords_Act_1999" class="extiw" title="wikisource:Special:Search/House of Lords Act 1999">House of Lords Act 1999</a> at Wikisource</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040722121718/http://www.dca.gov.uk/elections/rpacirculars/pdf/rpacir431.pdf">Home Office document from the Constitutional Unit</a> Annex B lists the hereditary peers who lost their seats.</li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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