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<div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Tapak"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Kandungan" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Kandungan</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Permulaan</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Fonologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Fonologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Fonologi </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Fonologi </button> <ul id="toc-Fonologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsonan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1 Konsonan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Konsonan_awal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonan_awal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.1 Konsonan awal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonan_awal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Konsonan_akhir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Konsonan_akhir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.2 Konsonan akhir </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Konsonan_akhir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gugus_konsonan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gugus_konsonan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.1.3 Gugus konsonan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gugus_konsonan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vokal" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vokal"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Vokal </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vokal-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nada" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nada"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Nada </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nada-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Suku_kata_terbuka" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suku_kata_terbuka"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.1 Suku kata terbuka </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suku_kata_terbuka-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Suku_kata_tertutup" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Suku_kata_tertutup"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3.2 Suku kata tertutup </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Suku_kata_tertutup-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tatabahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tatabahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Tatabahasa </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tatabahasa-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Tatabahasa </button> <ul id="toc-Tatabahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kata_adjektif" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kata_adjektif"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Kata adjektif </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kata_adjektif-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kata_kerja" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kata_kerja"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Kata kerja </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kata_kerja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kata_nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kata_nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 Kata nama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kata_nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Frasa_nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Frasa_nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Frasa nama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Frasa_nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kata_ganti_nama" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kata_ganti_nama"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Kata ganti nama </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kata_ganti_nama-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Partikel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Partikel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Partikel </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Partikel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Laras_bahasa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Laras_bahasa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Laras bahasa </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Laras_bahasa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Perbendaharaan_kata" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Perbendaharaan_kata"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Perbendaharaan kata </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Perbendaharaan_kata-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sistem_tulisan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sistem_tulisan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Sistem tulisan </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Sistem_tulisan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Togol subbahagian Sistem tulisan </button> <ul id="toc-Sistem_tulisan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Transkripsi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transkripsi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Transkripsi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transkripsi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transliterasi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transliterasi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Transliterasi </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Transliterasi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nota_kaki" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nota_kaki"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Nota kaki </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nota_kaki-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rujukan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rujukan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Rujukan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rujukan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pautan_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pautan_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Pautan luar </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pautan_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Kandungan" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Togol isi kandungan" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Togol isi kandungan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bahasa Thai</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke rencana dalam bahasa lain. Tersedia dalam 142 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-142" aria-hidden="true" > 142 bahasa </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai" title="Thai – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Thai" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8C%A3%E1%8B%AD%E1%8A%9B" title="ጣይኛ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ጣይኛ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="थाई भाषा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="थाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="اللغة التايلندية – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="اللغة التايلندية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="থাই ভাষা – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="থাই ভাষা" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tailand%C3%A9s" title="Idioma tailandés – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Idioma tailandés" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="थाई भाषा – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="थाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailandia%C3%B1e%E2%80%99%E1%BA%BD" title="Tailandiañe’ẽ – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Tailandiañe’ẽ" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_dili" title="Tay dili – Azerbaijan" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Tay dili" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تای دیلی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="تای دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Thai" title="Bahasa Thai – Indonesia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Thai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Thai" title="Basa Thai – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Basa Thai" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE" title="থাই ভাষা – Benggali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="থাই ভাষা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Benggali" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A0i-g%C3%AD" title="Thài-gí – Cina Min Nan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thài-gí" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Cina Min Nan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Thai" title="Basa Thai – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Basa Thai" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Тай теле – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Тай теле" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тайская мова – Belarus" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Тайская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarus" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тайская мова – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Тайская мова" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tataramon_na_Thai" title="Tataramon na Thai – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tataramon na Thai" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taieg" title="Taieg – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Taieg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тайски език – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Тайски език" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai" title="Tai – Catalonia" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinaylandiyanhon" title="Tinaylandiyanhon – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tinaylandiyanhon" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaj%C5%A1tina" title="Thajština – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Thajština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitai" title="Chitai – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chitai" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_(iaith)" title="Tai (iaith) – Wales" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Tai (iaith)" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wales" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_(sprog)" title="Thai (sprog) – Denmark" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Thai (sprog)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Denmark" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaigiella" title="Thaigiella – Sami Utara" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Thaigiella" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Sami Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thail%C3%A4ndische_Sprache" title="Thailändische Sprache – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Thailändische Sprache" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_keel" title="Tai keel – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tai keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CF%8A%CE%BB%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Ταϊλανδική γλώσσα – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταϊλανδική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language – Inggeris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Thai language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggeris" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_tailand%C3%A9s" title="Idioma tailandés – Sepanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma tailandés" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sepanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taja_lingvo" title="Taja lingvo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Taja lingvo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thailandiera" title="Thailandiera – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Thailandiera" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زبان تایلندی – Parsi" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان تایلندی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Parsi" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_bhasa" title="Thai bhasa – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Thai bhasa" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailendskt_m%C3%A1l" title="Tailendskt mál – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Tailendskt mál" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tha%C3%AF" title="Thaï – Perancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Thaï" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Perancis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_T%C3%A9alainnis" title="An Téalainnis – Ireland" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Téalainnis" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Ireland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaish" title="Thaish – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Thaish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_tailandesa" title="Lingua tailandesa – Galicia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua tailandesa" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galicia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai-ng%C3%AE" title="Thai-ngî – Cina Hakka" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Thai-ngî" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Cina Hakka" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BD" title="Тагилмудин келн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Тагилмудин келн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Хальмг</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%83%9C%EA%B5%AD%EC%96%B4" title="태국어 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="태국어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaren_Thai" title="Yaren Thai – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Yaren Thai" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="थाई भाषा – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="थाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajski_jezik" title="Tajski jezik – Croatia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Tajski jezik" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai-linguo" title="Tai-linguo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Tai-linguo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pagsasao_a_Tailandes" title="Pagsasao a Tailandes – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Pagsasao a Tailandes" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A5%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87_%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0" title="থাই ঠার – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="থাই ঠার" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%B0%D0%B3_%C3%A6%D0%B2%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Тайаг æвзаг – Ossete" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Тайаг æвзаг" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossete" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ta%C3%ADlenska" title="Taílenska – Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Taílenska" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_thailandese" title="Lingua thailandese – Itali" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua thailandese" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Itali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%AA%D7%90%D7%99%D7%AA_(%D7%A9%D7%A4%D7%94)" title="תאית (שפה) – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="תאית (שפה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basa_Thai" title="Basa Thai – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Basa Thai" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayi_K%CA%8Bn%CA%8B%C5%8B" title="Tayi Kʋnʋŋ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Tayi Kʋnʋŋ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A5%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%AF%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%AD%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%86" title="ಥಾಯ್ ಭಾಷೆ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಥಾಯ್ ಭಾಷೆ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98_%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტაი ენა – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ტაი ენა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%96" title="Тай тілі – Kazakhstan" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Тай тілі" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakhstan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тай тили – Kirghiz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Тай тили" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirghiz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kithai" title="Kithai – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Kithai" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Таи кыв – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Таи кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lang_tayi" title="Lang tayi – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Lang tayi" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ziman%C3%AA_taylend%C3%AE" title="Zimanê taylendî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Zimanê taylendî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9E%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%AA%E0%BA%B2%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%97" title="ພາສາໄທ – Laos" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ພາສາໄທ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Laos" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Thai" title="Lingua Thai – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Thai" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taju_valoda" title="Taju valoda – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Taju valoda" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%87%D3%80%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Тай чӀал – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Тай чӀал" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taj%C5%B3_kalba" title="Tajų kalba – Lithuania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tajų kalba" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_(taol)" title="Thai (taol) – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Thai (taol)" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_(lingua)" title="Tai (lingua) – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Tai (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_nyelv" title="Thai nyelv – Hungary" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Thai nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungary" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="थाई भाषा – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="थाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тајландски јазик – Macedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Тајландски јазик" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiteny_ta%E1%BB%B3" title="Fiteny taỳ – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Fiteny taỳ" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AD%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B7" title="തായ്ഭാഷ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="തായ്ഭാഷ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="थाई भाषा – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="थाई भाषा" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90" title="ტაი ნინა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ტაი ნინა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%89" title="تاى – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="تاى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="تایلندی – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="تایلندی" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%8A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A2_%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%9F" title="ꯊꯥꯢ ꯂꯣꯟ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯊꯥꯢ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahaso_Thai" title="Bahaso Thai – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Bahaso Thai" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A1i-gu%C3%B3k-ng%E1%B9%B3%CC%84" title="Tái-guók-ngṳ̄ – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Tái-guók-ngṳ̄" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%85%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Тай хэл – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Тай хэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%91%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%98%E1%80%AC%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AC%E1%80%85%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B8" title="ထိုင်းဘာသာစကား – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ထိုင်းဘာသာစကား" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_(taal)" title="Thai (taal) – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Thai (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="थाइ भाषा – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="थाइ भाषा" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BF%E3%82%A4%E8%AA%9E" title="タイ語 – Jepun" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="タイ語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepun" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai" title="Thai – Frisian Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Thai" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisian Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai" title="Thai – Bokmal Norway" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Thai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmal Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai" title="Thai – Nynorsk Norway" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Thai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norway" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tai_(lenga)" title="Tai (lenga) – Occitania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tai (lenga)" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tay_tili" title="Tay tili – Uzbekistan" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Tay tili" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbekistan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88_%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਥਾਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਥਾਈ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salitan_Thai" title="Salitan Thai – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Salitan Thai" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangasinan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84%DB%8C" title="تھائی بولی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="تھائی بولی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%8A_%DA%98%D8%A8%D9%87" title="تايي ژبه – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="تايي ژبه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%97%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%90%E1%9F%83" title="ភាសាថៃ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ភាសាថៃ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9C%E1%80%AD%E1%81%B5%E1%80%BA%E1%82%88%E1%80%91%E1%82%86%E1%80%B8" title="လိၵ်ႈထႆး – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="လိၵ်ႈထႆး" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenga_thai" title="Lenga thai – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Lenga thai" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_tajski" title="Język tajski – Poland" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język tajski" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%ADngua_tailandesa" title="Língua tailandesa – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Língua tailandesa" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_thailandez%C4%83" title="Limba thailandeză – Romania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba thailandeză" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thay_simi" title="Thay simi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Thay simi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Тайский язык – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тайский язык" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Тай тыла – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Тай тыла" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%88%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="थाईभाषा – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="थाईभाषा" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%B1%9B%E1%B1%B7%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%AD_%E1%B1%AF%E1%B1%9F%E1%B1%B9%E1%B1%A8%E1%B1%A5%E1%B1%A4" title="ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱛᱷᱟᱭ ᱯᱟᱹᱨᱥᱤ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_leid" title="Thai leid – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Thai leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kari_Taykwo" title="Kari Taykwo – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="Kari Taykwo" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gjuha_tajlandeze" title="Gjuha tajlandeze – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Gjuha tajlandeze" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Thai language" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A_%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%84%D9%8A" title="ٿائي ٻولي – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٿائي ٻولي" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thaj%C4%8Dina" title="Thajčina – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Thajčina" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajsk%C5%8F_g%C5%8Fdka" title="Tajskŏ gŏdka – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Tajskŏ gŏdka" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C_%D8%AA%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%95%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C" title="زمانی تایلەندی – Kurdi Tengah" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زمانی تایلەندی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Tengah" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%98%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Тајски језик – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Тајски језик" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tajski_jezik" title="Tajski jezik – SerboCroatia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tajski jezik" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="SerboCroatia" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thain_kieli" title="Thain kieli – Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Thain kieli" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thai" title="Thai – Sweden" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Thai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweden" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikang_Tailandes" title="Wikang Tailandes – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Wikang Tailandes" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF)" title="தாய் (மொழி) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாய் (மொழி)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5" title="Тай теле – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Тай теле" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A2" title="ภาษาไทย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาไทย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Th%C3%A1i" title="Tiếng Thái – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Thái" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D3%A3" title="Забони таиландӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Забони таиландӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tayca" title="Tayca – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tayca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B0%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0" title="Тайська мова – Ukraine" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тайська мова" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraine" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%DA%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="تھائی زبان – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تھائی زبان" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%DA%86%DB%95" title="تايلاندچە – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="تايلاندچە" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahdai" title="Vahdai – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Vahdai" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailandan_kel%27" title="Tailandan kel' – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Tailandan kel'" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泰语 – Cina Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="泰语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Cina Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%93%D7%99%D7%A9" title="טיילאנדיש – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="טיילאנדיש" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88d%C3%A8_Th%C3%A1%C3%AD" title="Èdè Tháí – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Èdè Tháí" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E6%96%87" title="泰文 – Kantonis" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="泰文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonis" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B3%B0%E8%AF%AD" title="泰语 – Cina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="泰语" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Cina" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaku_Thai" title="Jaku Thai – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Jaku Thai" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kge mw-list-item"><a href="https://kge.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Thai" title="Bahasa Thai – Komering" lang="kge" hreflang="kge" data-title="Bahasa Thai" data-language-autonym="Kumoring" data-language-local-name="Komering" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kumoring</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%A5%98%E1%A5%A4%E1%A5%90_%E1%A5%97%E1%A5%AD%E1%A5%B0" title="ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥘᥤᥐ ᥗᥭᥰ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%9C%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%9C_%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%9C%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%A2%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8F%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%89%E2%B5%9C" title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ – Tamazight Maghribi Standard" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⵓⵜⵍⴰⵢⵜ ⵜⴰⵜⴰⵢⵍⴰⵏⴷⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Tamazight Maghribi Standard" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9217#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pautan antara bahasa" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pautan</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Thai" title="Lihat laman kandungan [c]" accesskey="c">Rencana</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Perbincangan:Bahasa_Thai" rel="discussion" title="Perbincangan mengenai laman kandungan [t]" accesskey="t">Perbincangan</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tukar kelainan bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Bahasa Melayu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Rupa"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Thai">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=history" title="Semakan terdahulu bagi laman ini [h]" accesskey="h">Lihat sejarah</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Peralatan" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Peralatan </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Peralatan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Lagi pilihan" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Thai">Baca</a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit" title="Sunting laman ini [v]" accesskey="v">Sunting</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit" title="Sunting kod sumber untuk laman ini [e]" accesskey="e">Sunting sumber</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=history">Lihat sejarah</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Pautan_ke_sini/Bahasa_Thai" title="Senarai semua laman wiki yang mengandungi pautan ke laman ini [j]" accesskey="j">Pautan ke laman ini</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Perubahan_berkaitan/Bahasa_Thai" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terkini bagi laman yang dipaut dari laman ini [k]" accesskey="k">Perubahan berkaitan</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ms" title="Muat naik fail [u]" accesskey="u">Muat naik fail</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Khas:Laman_khas" title="Senarai semua laman khas [q]" accesskey="q">Laman khas</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&oldid=6201332" title="Pautan kekal ke semakan laman ini">Pautan kekal</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=info" title="Maklumat lanjut mengenai laman ini">Maklumat laman</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Petik_laman_ini&page=Bahasa_Thai&id=6201332&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Maklumat tentang cara memetik laman ini">Petik laman ini</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_Thai">Dapatkan URL pendek</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fms.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FBahasa_Thai">Muat turun kod QR</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/eksport </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Bahasa+Thai">Cipta buku</a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Khas:DownloadAsPdf&page=Bahasa_Thai&action=show-download-screen">Muat turun sebagai PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&printable=yes" title="Versi boleh cetak bagi laman ini [p]" accesskey="p">Versi boleh cetak</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam projek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Thai_language" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q9217" title="Pautan ke item repositori data yang bersambung [g]" accesskey="g">Butir Wikidata</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Alatan laman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Penampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Penampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">alih ke bar sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sorokkan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daripada Wikipedia, ensiklopedia bebas.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ms" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5657302">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-header,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-subheader,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-above,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-title,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-image,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data,body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox-below{text-align:center}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:130%; color: black; background-color: lavender;">Bahasa Thai</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: lavender;">Bahasa Siam</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader" style="font-size:110%; color: black; background-color: lavender;">ภาษาไทย phasa thai</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Sebutan</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">pʰaːsaːtʰɑj</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Asli kepada</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Thailand & Utara Semenanjung Malaysia</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Penutur bahasa</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">46–50 juta</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Keluarga_bahasa" title="Keluarga bahasa">Keluarga bahasa</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Kra-Dai" title="Bahasa-bahasa Kra-Dai">Kra-Dai</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Kam-Tai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Kam-Tai (laman tidak wujud)">Kam-Tai</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Be-Tai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Be-Tai (laman tidak wujud)">Be-Tai</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Tai-Sek&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Tai-Sek (laman tidak wujud)">Tai-Sek</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Tai" title="Bahasa-bahasa Tai">Tai</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa-bahasa_Selatan_Tai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa-bahasa Selatan Tai (laman tidak wujud)">Selatan Tai</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Timur_Tengah_Tai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Timur Tengah Tai (laman tidak wujud)">Timur Tengah</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Chiang_Saeng&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Chiang Saeng (laman tidak wujud)">Chiang Saeng</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li>Bahasa Thai</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lavender;">Status rasmi</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="padding:0.1em 0;line-height:1.2em;">Bahasa rasmi di</div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/Senarai_pengawal_bahasa" title="Senarai pengawal bahasa">Dikawal selia oleh</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Diraja&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Diraja (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Diraja</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: lavender;">Kod bahasa</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-2" title="ISO 639-2">ISO 639-2</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code>th</code></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><code><a href="https://iso639-3.sil.org/code/tha" class="extiw" title="iso639-3:tha">tha</a></code></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5657302"><table class="infobox mw-collapsible collapsed" style="background-color: transparent; border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: [[:Templat:Infobox Bahasa/family-color]];line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><div style="float:left;margin-left:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kotak_info_bahasa/Sampel" title="Templat:Kotak info bahasa/Sampel"><img alt="Informasi penggunaan templat turunan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_external-link-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div>Sampel</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"> <div style="border-radius:0.7em; margin-right:1em;margin-left:1em;margin-bottom:0.2em;opacity:80%;color: black; background-color: [[:Templat:Infobox Bahasa/family-color]];line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><center>Sampel teks</center></div>Logo <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> dalam bahasa Thai yang berisi transkripsi "Wikipedia" (atas) ke dalam ortografi masing-masing dan slogan "Ensiklopedia Bebas" (bawah) yang diterjemahkan ke dalam bahasa tersebut.<div style="font-family: times, Times New Roman, serif; margin-left:0.8em;margin-top:0.4em;margin-right:0.8em"><div class="bg-wp"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Wikipedia-logo-v2-th.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wikipedia-logo-v2-th.svg/170px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-th.svg.png" decoding="async" width="170" height="195" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wikipedia-logo-v2-th.svg/255px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-th.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Wikipedia-logo-v2-th.svg/340px-Wikipedia-logo-v2-th.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="135" data-file-height="155" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:normal;text-align:left;padding-left:0.3em;padding-right:0.3em"><center><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Halaman_artikel_bahasa_dengan_sampel_teks&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Halaman artikel bahasa dengan sampel teks (laman tidak wujud)">Sampel teks lainnya</a></center></td></tr></tbody></table> <a href="/wiki/Fail:Idioma_tailand%C3%A9s.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8e/Idioma_tailand%C3%A9s.png/220px-Idioma_tailand%C3%A9s.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8e/Idioma_tailand%C3%A9s.png 1.5x" data-file-width="324" data-file-height="297" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 323px; height: 250px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="323" data-height="250" data-zoom="7" data-overlays="["_4a10a587c61b7cc08d21086a6ecbd410811a5615"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,323x250.png?lang=ms&domain=ms.wikipedia.org&title=Bahasa_Thai&revid=6201332&groups=_4a10a587c61b7cc08d21086a6ecbd410811a5615" width="323" height="250" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,7,a,a,323x250@2x.png?lang=ms&domain=ms.wikipedia.org&title=Bahasa_Thai&revid=6201332&groups=_4a10a587c61b7cc08d21086a6ecbd410811a5615 2x" alt="Map" /></a></td></tr></tbody></table> Bahasa Thai (ภาษาไทย phasa thai; IPA: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IPA">[pʰaːsaːtʰɑj]</a>) atau Bahasa Siam<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> (ภาษาสยาม phasa sayam) adalah bahasa dalam kumpulan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Tai" title="Bahasa-bahasa Tai">cabang Tai</a> <a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Kra-Dai" title="Bahasa-bahasa Kra-Dai">rumpun bahasa Kra-Dai</a> yang dominan dituturkan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Thai" title="Orang Thai">orang Thai/Siam</a> serta <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Mon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Mon (laman tidak wujud)">orang Mon</a> dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orang_Cina_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orang Cina Thailand (laman tidak wujud)">Cina</a> di tengah kawasan <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a> dalam rantau Indochina dan <a href="/wiki/Semenanjung_Melayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Semenanjung Melayu">Semenanjung Melayu</a> serta kawasan yang berjiranan seperti <a href="/wiki/Orang_Siam_Malaysia" title="Orang Siam Malaysia">diaspora</a> di <a href="/wiki/Pantai_Timur,_Semenanjung_Malaysia" title="Pantai Timur, Semenanjung Malaysia">Pantai Timur</a> <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kemboja_Barat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kemboja Barat (laman tidak wujud)">sempadan Barat Kemboja</a>. Ia <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_bernada" class="mw-redirect" title="Bahasa bernada">bernada</a> ("tonal language") dan analitik. Bahasa Thai turut memiliki <a href="/w/index.php?title=Orthografi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orthografi (laman tidak wujud)">orthografi</a> bahasa dan kaitan hubungan. Penutur bahasa Thai dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lao" title="Bahasa Lao">bahasa Lao</a> saling faham-memahami dengan mudah. Ia dipertuturkan oleh 65 juta orang (1990) jika menghitung penutur Thailand Bangkok (sungguhpun yang terkemudian kadang-kala dianggap sebagai dialek berasingan). Thailand Khorat dipertuturkan oleh sekitar 400,000 (1984) di <a href="/wiki/Nakhon_Ratchasima" title="Nakhon Ratchasima">Nakhon Ratchasima</a>; ia menduduki kedudukan linguistik antara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa-bahasa_Thai_Tengah&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa-bahasa Thai Tengah (laman tidak wujud)">Thai Tengah</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lao" title="Bahasa Lao">bahasa Isan</a> pada penerusan dialek (dialect continuumcode: en is deprecated ) dan oleh itu boleh dianggap variasi atau dialek salah satunya. Majoriti penduduk kawasan Isan di Thailand bertutur dalam dialek bahasa Lao yang mempengaruhi dialek Thai Pusat. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm/220px--WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="124" data-durationhint="151" data-mwtitle="WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/Fail:WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/9c/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/9c/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm/WIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AWIKITONGUES-_Dang_speaking_Thai.webm&lang=th&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="th" label="ไทย ‪(th)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></video><figcaption>Percakapan penduduk tempatan Thai, rakaman suara dari <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a></figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonologi">Fonologi</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bahagian: Fonologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Fonologi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <table role="presentation" class="metadata mbox-small noprint selfref" style="background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle, #f8f9fa);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:1px"></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Laman ini mengandungi <a href="/wiki/Transkripsi_fonetik" title="Transkripsi fonetik">transkripsi fonetik</a> daripada <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa">Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa</a> (AFA). Untuk panduan pengenalan simbol-simbol AFA, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:AFA" title="Bantuan:AFA">Bantuan:AFA</a>. Untuk membezakan simbol [ ], / / dan ⟨ ⟩, sila lihat <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa#Tanda-tanda_kurung_dan_pembatas-pembatas_transkripsi" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa">IPA § Tanda-tanda kurung dan pembatas-pembatas transkripsi</a>.</td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Konsonan">Konsonan</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bahagian: Konsonan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Konsonan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konsonan_awal">Konsonan awal</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bahagian: Konsonan awal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Konsonan awal">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Bahasa Thai Pusat membezakan tiga jenis "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tempoh_onset_suara&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tempoh onset suara (laman tidak wujud)">tempoh onset suara</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/voice_onset_time" class="extiw" title="en:voice onset time">en</a>]" bagi konsonan awal, iaitu <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_bersuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan bersuara">bersuara</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_tenuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan tenuis (laman tidak wujud)">halus</a> (tenuis, tidak bersuara atau berhembus), dan <a href="/wiki/Penghembusan_(fonetik)" title="Penghembusan (fonetik)">berhembus</a>. Sedangkan bahasa Melayu membezakan konsonan bersuara /b/ dan tidak bersuara /p/, bahasa Thai juga membezakan konsonan berhembus tidak bersuara /pʰ/ yang tidak terdapat dalam <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Melayu_Malaysia" title="Bahasa Melayu Malaysia">bahasa Melayu piawai</a> maupun <a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Austronesia" title="Bahasa-bahasa Austronesia">bahasa-bahasa Austronesia</a>. Ini juga terdapat pada konsonan gusi iaitu /d/, /t/, /tʰ/. Konsonan velar pula ada /k/ dan /kʰ/ tetapi tiada /ɡ/, begitu juga konsonan belakang gusi iaitu ada /tɕ/ dan /tɕʰ/ tetapi tiada /dʑ/. (Sebarang konsonan /ɡ/ dan /d͡ʒ/ dari bahasa Inggeris diserap dalam bentuk halus iaitu /k/ dan /tɕ/.) Dalam setiap petak dalam jadual di bawah, baris pertama adalah simbol <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA">Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa</a> (IPA), baris kedua adalah aksara Thai (jika ada berbilang aksara dalam petak sama maka aksara-aksara berkenaan berkongsi bunyi sebutan). Huruf ห, salah satu daripada dua huruf h, juga digunakan untuk menulis nada-nada tertentu (diterangkan di bawah). <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2"> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_bibir" title="Konsonan bibir">Bibir</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gusi" title="Konsonan gusi">Gusi</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_lelangit" title="Konsonan lelangit">Lelangit</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_velar" title="Konsonan velar">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_glotis" title="Konsonan glotis">Glotis</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sengau">Sengau (Nasal)</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #ccf">/<a href="/wiki/Sengauan_dwibibir" title="Sengauan dwibibir">m</a>/ ม </td> <td style="background-color: #cfc">/<a href="/wiki/Sengauan_gusi" title="Sengauan gusi">n</a>/ ณ, น </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color: #fcc">/<a href="/wiki/Sengauan_velar" title="Sengauan velar">ŋ</a>/ ง </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hentian" title="Konsonan hentian">Letupan (Plosif)</a>/ <a href="/wiki/Konsonan_letusan" title="Konsonan letusan">Letusan (Afrikat)</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_bersuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan bersuara">Bersuara</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #ccf">/<a href="/wiki/Letupan_dwibibir_bersuara" title="Letupan dwibibir bersuara">b</a>/ บ </td> <td style="background-color: #cfc">/<a href="/wiki/Letupan_gusi_bersuara" title="Letupan gusi bersuara">d</a>/ ฎ, ด </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/w/index.php?title=Konsonan_tenuis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Konsonan tenuis (laman tidak wujud)">Halus</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #ccf">/<a href="/wiki/Letupan_dwibibir_tak_bersuara" title="Letupan dwibibir tak bersuara">p</a>/ ป </td> <td style="background-color: #cfc">/<a href="/wiki/Letupan_gusi_tak_bersuara" title="Letupan gusi tak bersuara">t</a>/ ฏ, ต </td> <td style="background-color: #fcf">/<a href="/wiki/Letusan_gusi-lelangit_tak_bersuara" title="Letusan gusi-lelangit tak bersuara">tɕ</a>/ จ </td> <td style="background-color: #fcc">/<a href="/wiki/Letupan_velar_tak_bersuara" title="Letupan velar tak bersuara">k</a>/ ก </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc">/<a href="/wiki/Hentian_glotis" title="Hentian glotis">ʔ</a>/ อ<a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Penghembusan_(fonetik)" title="Penghembusan (fonetik)">Berhembus</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #ccf">/<a href="/wiki/Penghembusan_(fonetik)" title="Penghembusan (fonetik)">pʰ</a>/ ผ, พ, ภ </td> <td style="background-color: #cfc">/<a href="/wiki/Penghembusan_(fonetik)" title="Penghembusan (fonetik)">tʰ</a>/ ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ถ, ท, ธ </td> <td style="background-color: #fcf">/<a href="/wiki/Penghembusan_(fonetik)" title="Penghembusan (fonetik)">tɕʰ</a>/ ฉ, ช, ฌ </td> <td style="background-color: #fcc">/<a href="/wiki/Penghembusan_(fonetik)" title="Penghembusan (fonetik)">kʰ</a>/ ข, ฃ, ค, ฅ, ฆ<a href="#cite_note-3">[b]</a> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_geseran" title="Konsonan geseran">Geseran (Frikatif)</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #ccf">/<a href="/wiki/Geseran_bibir-gigi_tak_bersuara" title="Geseran bibir-gigi tak bersuara">f</a>/ ฝ, ฟ </td> <td style="background-color: #ffc">/<a href="/wiki/Sibilan_gusi_tak_bersuara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sibilan gusi tak bersuara">s</a>/ ซ, ศ, ษ, ส </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc">/<a href="/wiki/Geseran_glotis_tak_bersuara" title="Geseran glotis tak bersuara">h</a>/ ห, ฮ </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_malaran_tak_geser" title="Konsonan malaran tak geser">Malaran tak geser</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #cff">/<a href="/wiki/Malaran_tak_geser_bibir-velar_bersuara" title="Malaran tak geser bibir-velar bersuara">w</a>/ ว </td> <td style="background-color: #cff">/<a href="/wiki/Malaran_tak_geser_sisian_gusi" title="Malaran tak geser sisian gusi">l</a>/ ล, ฬ </td> <td style="background-color: #cff">/<a href="/wiki/Malaran_tak_geser_lelangit" title="Malaran tak geser lelangit">j</a>/ ญ, ย </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_getaran" title="Konsonan getaran">Getaran</a> </th> <td> </td> <td style="background-color: #cff">/<a href="/wiki/Getaran_gusi" title="Getaran gusi">r</a>/ ร </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Konsonan_akhir">Konsonan akhir</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bahagian: Konsonan akhir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Konsonan akhir">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Walaupun bahasa Thai memperoleh 21 bunyi konsonan awal dari kesemua 44 huruf konsonan, namun lain pula konsonan akhir yang mana hanya terdapat lapan bunyi di samping satu 'nirbunyi' yang dipanggil mātrā (มาตราcode: th is deprecated ). Sebagai contoh, huruf บ (/b/) dan ด (/d/) di akhir suku kata hilang suaranya, dan oleh itu masing-masing berbunyi /p/ dan /t/. Semua hentian akhir adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hentian_tak_lepas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hentian tak lepas (laman tidak wujud)">tidak terlepas</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No_audible_release" class="extiw" title="en:No audible release">en</a>]. Oleh yang demikian, bunyi akhir /p/, /t/, /k/ masing-masing disebut [p̚], [t̚], [k̚]. Daripada semua huruf konsonan, tidak termasuk ฃ dan ฅ yang sudah lapuk, enam huruf (ฉ ผ ฝ ห อ ฮ) tidak boleh digunakan sebagai akhir, maka 36 huruf yang tinggal digolongkan seperti berikut. <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_bibir" title="Konsonan bibir">Bibir</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_gusi" title="Konsonan gusi">Gusi</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_lelangit" title="Konsonan lelangit">Lelangit</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_velar" title="Konsonan velar">Velar</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_glotis" title="Konsonan glotis">Glotis</a> </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_sengau" class="mw-redirect" title="Konsonan sengau">Sengau (Nasal)</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #ccf">/<a href="/wiki/Sengauan_dwibibir" title="Sengauan dwibibir">m</a>/ ม </td> <td style="background-color: #cfc">/<a href="/wiki/Sengauan_gusi" title="Sengauan gusi">n</a>/ ญ, ณ, น, ร, ล, ฬ </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color: #fcc">/<a href="/wiki/Sengauan_velar" title="Sengauan velar">ŋ</a>/ ง </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_hentian" title="Konsonan hentian">Hentian</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #ccf">/<a href="/wiki/Letupan_dwibibir_tak_bersuara" title="Letupan dwibibir tak bersuara">p</a>/ บ, ป, พ, ฟ, ภ </td> <td style="background-color: #cfc">/<a href="/wiki/Letupan_gusi_tak_bersuara" title="Letupan gusi tak bersuara">t</a>/ จ, ช, ซ, ฌ, ฎ, ฏ, ฐ, ฑ, ฒ, ด, ต, ถ, ท, ธ, ศ, ษ, ส </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color: #fcc">/<a href="/wiki/Letupan_velar_tak_bersuara" title="Letupan velar tak bersuara">k</a>/ ก, ข, ค, ฆ </td> <td style="background-color: #ccc">/<a href="/wiki/Hentian_glotis" title="Hentian glotis">ʔ</a>/<a href="#cite_note-4">[c]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Konsonan_malaran_tak_geser" title="Konsonan malaran tak geser">Malaran tak geser</a> </th> <td style="background-color: #cff">/<a href="/wiki/Malaran_tak_geser_bibir-velar_bersuara" title="Malaran tak geser bibir-velar bersuara">w</a>/ ว </td> <td> </td> <td style="background-color: #cff">/<a href="/wiki/Malaran_tak_geser_lelangit" title="Malaran tak geser lelangit">j</a>/ ย </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Gugus_konsonan">Gugus konsonan</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bahagian: Gugus konsonan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Gugus konsonan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Dalam bahasa Thai, setiap suku kata dilafazkan secara berasingan supaya konsonan dari suku kata bersebelahan langsung tidak kedengaran seperti dalam satu gugus. Bahasa Thai mempunyai corak <a href="/wiki/Fonotaktik" title="Fonotaktik">fonotaktik</a> tertentu yang memaktubkan struktur suku katanya, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Gugus_konsonan" title="Gugus konsonan">gugus konsonan</a> dalam suku kata sama, serta vokal berturut-turut. Dalam kosa kata asli Thai (iaitu tidak termasuk kata serapan) hanya terdapat gugus dua konsonan yang terdiri daripada 11 gabungan, iaitu: <ul><li>/kr/ (กร), /kl/ (กล), /kw/ (กว)</li> <li>/kʰr/ (ขร, คร), /kʰl/ (ขล, คล), /kʰw/ (ขว, คว)</li> <li>/pr/ (ปร), /pl/ (ปล)</li> <li>/pʰr/ (พร), /pʰl/ (ผล, พล)</li> <li>/tr/ (ตร)</li></ul> Jumlah gugus bertambah dengan kata-kata serapan, contohnya: /tʰr/ (ทร) dalam อินทราcode: th is deprecated (/ʔīn.tʰrāː/, dari bahasa Sanskrit indrācode: sa is deprecated ) atau /fr/ (ฟร) dalam ฟรีcode: th is deprecated (/frīː/, dari bahasa Inggeris freecode: en is deprecated ); akan tetapi, semua ini biasanya hanya terjadi di kedudukan awal suku kata dengan /r/, /l/, atau /w/ sebagai konsonan kedua, dan tidak lebih daripada dua bunyi sekali gus. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vokal">Vokal</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bahagian: Vokal" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Vokal">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Di dalam jadual berikut adalah teras-teras vokal yang terdapat dalam bahasa Thai language. Dalam setiap petak ada dua baris, iaitu baris atas yang menyatakan simbol <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA">Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa</a>, dan baris bawah untuk ejaan dalam <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Thai" title="Abjad Thai">tulisan Thai</a>, di mana tanda sempang (–) menandakan kedudukan konsonan awal yang disusuli oleh sebutan vokal berkenaan. Sebarang tanda sempang kedua menandakan hadirnya konsonan akhir yang menyusul. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Thai_vowel_chart_(monophthongs).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Thai_vowel_chart_%28monophthongs%29.svg/250px-Thai_vowel_chart_%28monophthongs%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Thai_vowel_chart_%28monophthongs%29.svg/375px-Thai_vowel_chart_%28monophthongs%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Thai_vowel_chart_%28monophthongs%29.svg/500px-Thai_vowel_chart_%28monophthongs%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Monoftong (vokal tunggal) bahasa Thai. Rujukan: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#CITEREFTingsabadhAbramson1993">Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993</a>:25)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Thai_vowel_chart_(diphthongs).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Thai_vowel_chart_%28diphthongs%29.png/250px-Thai_vowel_chart_%28diphthongs%29.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Thai_vowel_chart_%28diphthongs%29.png/375px-Thai_vowel_chart_%28diphthongs%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Thai_vowel_chart_%28diphthongs%29.png/500px-Thai_vowel_chart_%28diphthongs%29.png 2x" data-file-width="882" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>Diftong (vokal kembar) bahasa Thai. Rujukan: <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#CITEREFTingsabadhAbramson1993">Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993</a>:25)</figcaption></figure> <table class="wikitable" style="text-align: center"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">  </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_depan" title="Vokal depan">Depan</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_pusat" title="Vokal pusat">Tengah</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Vokal_belakang" title="Vokal belakang">Belakang</a> </th></tr> <tr class="small"> <th colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Kebundaran_vokal" title="Kebundaran vokal">Tidak bundar</a> </th> <th colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Kebundaran_vokal" title="Kebundaran vokal">Bundar</a> </th></tr> <tr class="small"> <th>pendek</th> <th>panjang</th> <th>pendek</th> <th>panjang</th> <th>pendek</th> <th>panjang </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vokal_sempit" title="Vokal sempit">Tinggi</a> </th> <td>/i/  -ิ  </td> <td>/iː/  -ี  </td> <td>/ɯ/  -ึ  </td> <td>/ɯː/  -ื-  </td> <td>/u/  -ุ  </td> <td>/uː/  -ู  </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vokal_separuh_sempit" title="Vokal separuh sempit">Pertengahan</a> </th> <td>/e/ เ-ะ </td> <td>/eː/ เ- </td> <td>/ɤ/ เ-อะ </td> <td>/ɤː/ เ-อ </td> <td>/o/ โ-ะ </td> <td>/oː/ โ- </td></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Vokal_luas" title="Vokal luas">Rendah</a> </th> <td>/ɛ/ แ-ะ </td> <td>/ɛː/ แ- </td> <td>/a/ -ะ, -ั- </td> <td>/aː/ -า </td> <td>/ɔ/ เ-าะ </td> <td>/ɔː/ -อ </td></tr></tbody></table> Setiap kualiti vokal terbahagi kepada <a href="/wiki/Kepanjangan_vokal" title="Kepanjangan vokal">pasangan panjang pendek</a> yang terbeza dari segi <a href="/wiki/Fonemik" class="mw-redirect" title="Fonemik">fonemik</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[2]</a> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="5">Panjang </th> <th colspan="5">Pendek </th></tr> <tr> <th>Thai </th> <th>IPA </th> <th colspan="3">Contoh </th> <th>Thai </th> <th>IPA </th> <th colspan="3">Contoh </th></tr> <tr> <td>–า</td> <td>/aː/</td> <td>ฝานcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/fǎːn/</td> <td>'menghiris' </td> <td>–ะ</td> <td>/a/</td> <td>ฝันcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/fǎn/</td> <td>'bermimpi' </td></tr> <tr> <td>–ี </td> <td>/iː/</td> <td>กรีดcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/krìːt/</td> <td>'mengikis' </td> <td>–ิ </td> <td>/i/</td> <td>กริชcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/krìt/</td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Keris" title="Keris">keris</a>' </td></tr> <tr> <td>–ู </td> <td>/uː/</td> <td>สูดcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/sùːt/</td> <td>'menyedut' </td> <td>–ุ </td> <td>/u/</td> <td>สุดcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/sùt/</td> <td>'terbelakang' </td></tr> <tr> <td>เ–</td> <td>/eː/</td> <td>เอนcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/ʔēːn/</td> <td>'bersandar' </td> <td>เ–ะ</td> <td>/e/</td> <td>เอ็นcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/ʔēn/</td> <td>'urat (keting)' </td></tr> <tr> <td>แ–</td> <td>/ɛː/</td> <td>แพ้code: th is deprecated </td> <td>/pʰɛ́ː/</td> <td>'kalah' </td> <td>แ–ะ</td> <td>/ɛ/</td> <td>แพะcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/pʰɛ́ʔ/</td> <td>'kambing' </td></tr> <tr> <td>–ื- </td> <td>/ɯː/</td> <td>คลื่นcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰlɯ̂ːn/</td> <td>'gelombang' </td> <td>–ึ </td> <td>/ɯ/</td> <td>ขึ้นcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰɯ̂n/</td> <td>'naik' </td></tr> <tr> <td>เ–อ</td> <td>/ɤː/</td> <td>เดินcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/dɤ̄ːn/</td> <td>'berjalan kaki' </td> <td>เ–อะ</td> <td>/ɤ/</td> <td>เงินcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/ŋɤ̄n/</td> <td>'perak (logam)' </td></tr> <tr> <td>โ–</td> <td>/oː/</td> <td>โค่นcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰôːn/</td> <td>'menebang' </td> <td>โ–ะ</td> <td>/o/</td> <td>ข้นcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰôn/</td> <td>'pekat (gulai dsb.)' </td></tr> <tr> <td>–อ</td> <td>/ɔː/</td> <td>กลองcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/klɔ̄ːŋ/</td> <td>'gendang' </td> <td>เ–าะ</td> <td>/ɔ/</td> <td>กล่องcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/klɔ̀ŋ/</td> <td>'kotak' </td></tr></tbody></table> Juga terdapat <a href="/wiki/Diftong" title="Diftong">diftong</a> pembuka dan penutup yang dikupas oleh <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#CITEREFTingsabadhAbramson1993">Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993</a>) sebagai /Vj/ dan /Vw/. Dalam jadual berikut, yang bertanda bintang kadang-kadang tergolong sebagai diftong panjang untuk tujuan menandakan nada: <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2">Panjang </th> <th colspan="2">Pendek </th></tr> <tr> <th>Thai </th> <th>IPA </th> <th>Thai </th> <th>IPA </th></tr> <tr> <td>–าย </td> <td>/aːj/ </td> <td>ไ–*, ใ–*, ไ–ย, -ัย </td> <td>/aj/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>–าว </td> <td>/aːw/ </td> <td>เ–า* </td> <td>/aw/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>เ–ีย </td> <td>/ia/ </td> <td>เ–ียะ </td> <td>/iaʔ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td>– </td> <td>–ิว </td> <td>/iw/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>–ัว </td> <td>/ua/ </td> <td>–ัวะ </td> <td>/uaʔ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>–ูย </td> <td>/uːj/ </td> <td>–ุย </td> <td>/uj/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>เ–ว </td> <td>/eːw/ </td> <td>เ–็ว </td> <td>/ew/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>แ–ว </td> <td>/ɛːw/ </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>เ–ือ </td> <td>/ɯa/ </td> <td>เ–ือะ </td> <td>/ɯaʔ/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>เ–ย </td> <td>/ɤːj/ </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>–อย </td> <td>/ɔːj/ </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td></tr> <tr> <td>โ–ย </td> <td>/oːj/ </td> <td>– </td> <td>– </td></tr></tbody></table> Di samping itu, terdapat tiga <a href="/w/index.php?title=Triftong&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Triftong (laman tidak wujud)">triftong</a>. Sekali lagi, yang bertanda bintang kadang-kadang tergolong panjang untuk tujuan menentukan nada: <table class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th>Thai </th> <th>IPA </th></tr> <tr> <td>เ–ียว* </td> <td>/iaw/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>–วย* </td> <td>/uaj/ </td></tr> <tr> <td>เ–ือย* </td> <td>/ɯaj/ </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nada">Nada</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bahagian: Nada" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nada">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5938181/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:240px;max-width:240px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:46px;max-width:46px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:52px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Mid_tone_(Thai).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mid_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/44px-Mid_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mid_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/66px-Mid_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Mid_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/88px-Mid_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:46px;max-width:46px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:52px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Low_tone_(Thai).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Low_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/44px-Low_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Low_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/66px-Low_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Low_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/88px-Low_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:46px;max-width:46px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:52px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Falling_tone_(Thai).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Falling_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/44px-Falling_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Falling_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/66px-Falling_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Falling_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/88px-Falling_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:46px;max-width:46px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:52px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fail:High_tone_(Thai).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/High_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/44px-High_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/High_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/66px-High_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/High_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/88px-High_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:46px;max-width:46px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:52px;overflow:hidden"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Rising_tone_(Thai).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rising_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/44px-Rising_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="44" height="52" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rising_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/66px-Rising_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Rising_tone_%28Thai%29.svg/88px-Rising_tone_%28Thai%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="170" data-file-height="200" /></a></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Lima nada fonemik dalam bahasa Thai baku dibunyikan dengan suku kata /naː/: <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="8" data-mwtitle="Th-Thai_tones_marked_with_IPA_with_na.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a1/Th-Thai_tones_marked_with_IPA_with_na.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a1/Th-Thai_tones_marked_with_IPA_with_na.ogg/Th-Thai_tones_marked_with_IPA_with_na.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></div></div></div> Terdapat lima <a href="/wiki/Nada_(linguistik)" title="Nada (linguistik)">nada</a> fonemik, iaitu tengah, rendah, turun, tinggi, dan naik. Jadual berikut menunjukkan contoh setiap nada <a href="/wiki/Fonem" title="Fonem">fonemik</a> dan realisasi <a href="/wiki/Fonetik" title="Fonetik">fonetik</a> masing-masing dalam simbol <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa">Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa</a>. Analisis-analisis fonetik dan fonologi bagi realisasi nada Thai telah disediakan oleh Moren & Zsiga (2006)<a href="#cite_note-6">[3]</a> dan Zsiga & Nitisaroj (2007).<a href="#cite_note-7">[4]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Thai_tones.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Thai_tones.svg/250px-Thai_tones.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Thai_tones.svg/375px-Thai_tones.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Thai_tones.svg/500px-Thai_tones.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="613" data-file-height="451" /></a><figcaption>Carta nada bahasa Thai</figcaption></figure> Catatan: <ol><li>Nilai nada lima tingkat: Tengah [33], Rendah [21], Turun [43], Tinggi [44], Naik [323]. Secara tradisi, nada tinggi tercatat sebagai [44] atau [45]. Demikianlah untuk generasi tua, tetapi generasi muda semakin kerap menyebutnya sebagai [334].<a href="#cite_note-8">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-9">[6]</a></li> <li>Untuk perubahan diakronik nilai nada, sila rujuk Pittayaporn (2007).<a href="#cite_note-10">[7]</a></li> <li>Kelima-lima nada hanya terpakai dalam "suku kata hidup", iaitu yang berakhir dengan vokal panjang atau <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sonoran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sonoran (laman tidak wujud)">sonoran</a> (/m/, /n/, /ŋ/, /j/, /w/). "Suku kata mati" pula, iaitu yang berakhir dengan hentian (/p/, /t/, /k/) atau vokal pendek, hanya mendapat tiga nada, iaitu rendah, tinggi, dan jatuh. Oleh sebab suku kata yang berakhir dengan vokal pendek mungkin ditutup dengan <a href="/wiki/Hentian_glotis" title="Hentian glotis">hentian glotis</a> (lebih-lebih lagi dalam pertuturan lambat), maka semua "suku kata mati" adalah tertutup dari segi fonetik dan oleh itu terkurang nadanya.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suku_kata_terbuka">Suku kata terbuka</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bahagian: Suku kata terbuka" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Suku kata terbuka">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Nada </th> <th scope="col">Nama Thai </th> <th scope="col">Contoh </th> <th scope="col">Fonemik </th> <th scope="col">Fonetik </th> <th scope="col">Glos </th></tr> <tr> <td>Tengah </td> <td>สามัญcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>คาcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰāː/ </td> <td>[kʰaː˧] </td> <td>'pasung' </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rendah </td> <td>เอกcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>ข่าcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰàː/ </td> <td>[kʰaː˨˩] atau [kʰaː˩] </td> <td>'<a href="/wiki/Lengkuas" title="Lengkuas">lengkuas</a>' </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turun </td> <td>โทcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>ค่าcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰâː/ </td> <td>[kʰaː˥˩] </td> <td>'nilai' </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tinggi </td> <td>ตรีcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>ค้าcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰáː/ </td> <td>[kʰaː˦˥] atau [kʰaː˥] </td> <td>'berdagang' </td></tr> <tr> <td>Naik </td> <td>จัตวาcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>ขาcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/kʰǎː/ </td> <td>[kʰaː˩˩˦] atau [kʰaː˩˦] </td> <td>'kaki' </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Suku_kata_tertutup">Suku kata tertutup</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Sunting bahagian: Suku kata tertutup" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=9" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Suku kata tertutup">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Nada </th> <th scope="col">Nama Thai </th> <th scope="col">Contoh </th> <th scope="col">Fonemik </th> <th scope="col">Fonetik </th> <th scope="col">Glos </th></tr> <tr> <td>Rendah (vokal pendek) </td> <td>เอกcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>หมักcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/màk/ </td> <td>[mak̚˨˩] </td> <td>'perap' </td></tr> <tr> <td>Rendah (vokal panjang) </td> <td>เอกcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>หมากcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/màːk/ </td> <td>[maːk̚˨˩] </td> <td>'pinang (buah)' </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tinggi </td> <td>ตรีcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>มักcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/mák/ </td> <td>[mak̚˦˥] </td> <td>'sering, selalu' </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turun </td> <td>โทcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>มากcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/mâːk/ </td> <td>[maːk̚˥˩] </td> <td>'banyak' </td></tr></tbody></table> Bagi sesetengah kata serapan Inggeris, suku kata tertutup bervokal panjang yang berakhir dengan hentian mempunyai nada tinggi, manakala suku kata tertutup bervokal pendek yang berakhir dengan hentian mempunyai nada turun. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Nada </th> <th scope="col">Nama Thai </th> <th scope="col">Contoh </th> <th scope="col">Fonemik </th> <th scope="col">Fonetik </th> <th scope="col">Glos </th></tr> <tr> <td>Tinggi </td> <td>ตรีcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>มาร์กcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/máːk/ </td> <td>[maːk̚˦˥] </td> <td>'Marc, Mark' (nama orang) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tinggi </td> <td>ตรีcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>ชาร์จcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/tɕʰáːt/ </td> <td>[tɕʰaːt̚˦˥] </td> <td>'mengecas' (dari chargecode: en is deprecated ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turun </td> <td>โทcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>เมกอัปcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/méːk.ʔâp/ </td> <td>[meːk̚˦˥.ʔap̚˥˩] </td> <td>'bersolek' (dari make-upcode: en is deprecated ) </td></tr> <tr> <td>Turun </td> <td>โทcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>แร็กเกตcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>/rɛ́k.kêt/ </td> <td>[rɛk̚˦˥.ket̚˥˩] </td> <td>'raket' (dari racketcode: en is deprecated ) </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tatabahasa">Tatabahasa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Sunting bahagian: Tatabahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=10" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Tatabahasa">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Dari sudut pandangan <a href="/wiki/Tipologi_linguistik" title="Tipologi linguistik">tipologi linguistik</a>, bahasa Thai boleh dianggap sebagai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_analitik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa analitik (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa analitik</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/analytical_language" class="extiw" title="en:analytical language">en</a>]. <a href="/wiki/Urutan_kata" title="Urutan kata">Urutan katanya</a> adalah "subjek-kerja-objek",<a href="#cite_note-11">[8]</a> tetapi subjeknya sering digugurkan. Bahasa Thai adalah <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_isolatif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa isolatif (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa isolatif</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/isolating_language" class="extiw" title="en:isolating language">en</a>] yang tiada sebarang bentuk morfologi <a href="/wiki/Tasrif" title="Tasrif">tasrif</a> sama sekali.<a href="#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a> Kata ganti nama dipilih sesuai dengan jantina dan darjat penutur dan pendengar. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kata_adjektif">Kata adjektif</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Sunting bahagian: Kata adjektif" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=11" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kata adjektif">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Kata adjektif (atau kata sifat) boleh digunakan bagi menerangkan kata nama, kata kerja, atau kata sifat lain. <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">คนkhon[kʰōn</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">อ้วนuanʔûan]</div>คน อ้วนkhon uan[kʰōn ʔûan]'orang gemuk'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">คนkhon[khōn</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ที่thitʰîː</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">อ้วนuanʔûan</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เร็วreorēw]</div>คน ที่ อ้วน เร็วkhon thi uan reo[khōn tʰîː ʔûan rēw]'orang yang cepat menggemuk'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> Ayat perbandingan berbentuk "A X กว่าcode: th is deprecated B" (kwacode: th is deprecated , [kwàː]), 'A lebih X daripada B'. Kepalingan pula terungkap sebagai "A X ที่สุดcode: th is deprecated " (thi sutcode: th is deprecated , [tʰîː sùt]), 'A paling X'. <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">อ้วนuanʔûan</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กว่าkwakwàː</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchantɕʰǎn]</div>เขา อ้วน กว่า ฉันkhao uan kwa chan[kʰǎw ʔûan kwàː tɕʰǎn]'Dia [lebih] gemuk daripada aku.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">อ้วนuanʔûan</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ที่สุดthi suttʰîː sùt]</div>เขา อ้วน ที่สุดkhao uan {thi sut}[kʰǎw ʔûan tʰîː sùt]'Dia [adalah yang] paling gemuk.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> Kata adjektif boleh digunakan sebagai predikat lengkap. Oleh sebab itu, banyak perkataan yang digunakan untuk menandakan kala kata kerja boleh digunakan untuk menerangkan kata adjektif. <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan[tɕʰǎn</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">หิวhiohǐw]</div>ฉัน หิวchan hio[tɕʰǎn hǐw]'Aku lapar.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan[tɕʰǎn</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">จะchatɕàʔ</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">หิวhiohǐw]</div>ฉัน จะ หิวchan cha hio[tɕʰǎn tɕàʔ hǐw]'Aku akan lapar.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan[tɕʰǎn</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กำลังkamlangkāmlāŋ</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">หิวhiohǐw]</div>ฉัน กำลัง หิวchan kamlang hio[tɕʰǎn kāmlāŋ hǐw]'Aku sedang lapar.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan[tɕʰǎn</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">หิวhiohǐw</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">แล้วlaeolɛ́ːw]</div>ฉัน หิว แล้วchan hio laeo[tɕʰǎn hǐw lɛ́ːw]'Aku sudah lapar.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <dl><dd><ul><li>Perhatian: ฉันหิวแล้วcode: th is deprecated pada dasarnya bermakna 'Aku sudah lapar' kerana แล้วcode: th is deprecated ([lɛ́ːw]) lazimnya menandakan perubahan keadaan, tetapi แล้วcode: th is deprecated mempunyai banyak kegunaan lain. Misalnya, dalam ayat แล้วเธอจะไปไหนcode: th is deprecated ([lɛ́ːw tʰɤ̄ː tɕàʔ pāj nǎj]): 'Jadi, awak hendak pergi ke mana?', แล้วcode: th is deprecated ([lɛ́ːw]) digunakan sebagai penanda wacana.</li></ul></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kata_kerja">Kata kerja</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=12" title="Sunting bahagian: Kata kerja" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=12" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kata kerja">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Kata_kerja" title="Kata kerja">Kata kerja</a> tidak mengalami sebarang perubahan <a href="/wiki/Tasrif" title="Tasrif">tasrif</a>. Hubungan antara subjek, objek langsung dan tidak langsung disampaikan melalui urutan kata dan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata_kerja_bantu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata kerja bantu (laman tidak wujud)">kata kerja bantu</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kata_kerja_transitif" title="Kata kerja transitif">Kata kerja transitif</a> mengikut corak subjek-kerja-objek. <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan[tɕʰǎn<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ตีtitīːhit</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhaokʰǎw]<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></div>ฉัน ตี เขาchan ti khao[tɕʰǎn tīː kʰǎw]1SG hit 3SG'Aku pukul dia.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ตีtitīːhit</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchantɕʰǎn]<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="first person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">1SG</abbr></div>เขา ตี ฉันkhao ti chan[kʰǎw tīː tɕʰǎn]3SG hit 1SG'Dia pukul aku.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> Untuk mengungkapkan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kala,_aspek_dan_modus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kala, aspek dan modus (laman tidak wujud)">kala, aspek dan modus</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tense%E2%80%93aspect%E2%80%93mood" class="extiw" title="en:Tense–aspect–mood">en</a>] (KAM), sistem kata kerja Thai menggunakan kata bantu dan turutan kata kerja.<a href="#cite_note-:3-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a> Penanda KAM sebenarnya tidak wajib dan sering digugurkan dalam pertuturan bahasa; oleh yang demikian, erti sebenar ditentukan melalui konteks.<a href="#cite_note-:3-13">[10]</a> Ini menyebabkan ayat-ayat yang ketiadaan penanda KAM dan konteks tersurat menjadi tidak jelas ertinya dan tertakluk kepada pelbagai tafsiran. <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan[tɕʰǎn</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กินkinkīn</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ที่thitʰîː</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">นั่นnannân]</div>ฉัน กิน ที่ นั่นchan kin thi nan[tɕʰǎn kīn tʰîː nân]'Aku makan di situ.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan </div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กินkin </div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ที่thi </div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">นั่นnan </div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เมื่อวานmueawansemalam</div>ฉัน กิน ที่ นั่น เมื่อวานchan kin thi nan mueawan{} {} {} {} semalam'Aku makan di situ semalam.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan </div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กินkin </div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ที่thi </div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">นั่นnan </div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">พรุ่งนี้phrungniesok</div>ฉัน กิน ที่ นั่น พรุ่งนี้chan kin thi nan phrungni{} {} {} {} esok'Aku makan di situ esok.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> Oleh yang demikian, ayat chan kin thi nancode: th is deprecated boleh ditafsirkan sebagai 'Aku sedang makan di situ', 'Aku selalu makan di situ', 'Aku akan makan di situ' atau 'Aku sudah makan di situ'. Penanda aspek terbahagi kepada empat kumpulan mengikut kegunaan masing-masing.<a href="#cite_note-:3-13">[10]</a> Penanda tersebut boleh hadir sebelum atau selepas kata kerja. Senarai yang berikut adalah antara penanda aspek yang paling umum. Sesetengahnya juga merupakan kata kerja sendiri yang membawa maksud berlainan. Misalnya, yucode: th is deprecated (อยู่code: th is deprecated ) sebagai kata kerja penuh bermaksud 'berada', 'tinggal' atau 'kekal', tetapi sebagai kata bantu ia boleh disifatkan sebagai penanda aspek yang bersamaan dengan 'masih'.<a href="#cite_note-:3-13">[10]</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_imperfektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek imperfektif (laman tidak wujud)">Imperfektif</a> ('masih, belum') <ul><li>อยู่code: th is deprecated yucode: th is deprecated </li> <li>ไปcode: th is deprecated paicode: th is deprecated </li> <li>ยังcode: th is deprecated yangcode: th is deprecated </li> <li>กำลังcode: th is deprecated kamlangcode: th is deprecated </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_perfektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek perfektif (laman tidak wujud)">Perfektif</a> <ul><li>ได้code: th is deprecated daicode: th is deprecated </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_sempurna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek sempurna (laman tidak wujud)">Sempurna</a> <ul><li>แล้วcode: th is deprecated laeocode: th is deprecated </li> <li>มาcode: th is deprecated macode: th is deprecated </li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_prospektif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek prospektif (laman tidak wujud)">Prospektif</a>/<a href="/wiki/Kala_depan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kala depan">Depan</a> <ul><li>จะcode: th is deprecated chacode: th is deprecated </li></ul></li></ul> Penanda aspek imperfektif กำลังcode: th is deprecated (kamlangcode: th is deprecated , [kām.lāŋ], 'buat masa sekarang') digunakan sebelum kata kerja untuk menandakan perbuatan yang sedang berlangsung (bersamaan dengan 'sedang', 'tengah' dalam bahasa Melayu). Kamlangcode: th is deprecated pada umumnya ditafsirkan sebagai penanda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_progresif&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek progresif (laman tidak wujud)">aspek progresif</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-14">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[12]</a> Begitu juga, อยู่code: th is deprecated (yucode: th is deprecated , [jùː]) adalah penanda aspek selepas kata kerja yang bersamaan dengan aspek berlanjutan 'masih'.<a href="#cite_note-:3-13">[10]</a> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กำลังkamlangkām.lāŋ</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">วิ่งwingwîŋ]</div>เขา กำลัง วิ่งkhao kamlang wing[kʰǎw kām.lāŋ wîŋ]<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">วิ่งwingwîŋ</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">อยู่yujùː]</div>เขา วิ่ง อยู่khao wing yu[kʰǎw wîŋ jùː]<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กำลังkamlangkām.lāŋ</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">วิ่งwingwîŋ</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">อยู่yujùː]</div>เขา กำลัง วิ่ง อยู่khao kamlang wing yu[kʰǎw kām.lāŋ wîŋ jùː]'Dia sedang berlari.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> Penanda ได้code: th is deprecated (daicode: th is deprecated , [dâːj]) biasanya diulas sebagai penanda kala lampau apabila hadir sebelum kata kerja.<a href="#cite_note-:2-12">[9]</a> Sebagai kata kerja penuh, daicode: th is deprecated bermaksud 'mendapat' atau 'menerima'. Apabila digunakan selepas kata kerja pula, daicode: th is deprecated membawa maksud kemungkinan atau keberhasilan kata kerja utama, yakni bersamaan dengan 'boleh' atau 'dapat'.<a href="#cite_note-:3-13">[10]</a> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ได้daidâːj</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ไปpaipāj</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เที่ยวthiaotʰîaw</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เมืองmueangmɯ̄aŋ</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ลาวlaolāːw]</div>เขา ได้ ไป เที่ยว เมือง ลาวkhao dai pai thiao mueang lao[kʰǎw dâːj pāj tʰîaw mɯ̄aŋ lāːw]Dia telah melawat Laos. (Lampau/Perfektif)<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ตีtitīːpukul</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ได้daidâːj]<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="potential mood" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POT</abbr></div>เขา ตี ได้khao ti dai[kʰǎw tīː dâːj]3SG pukul POT'Dia boleh memukul' atau 'Dia dapat memukul.' (Kemungkinan)<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> แล้วcode: th is deprecated (laeocode: th is deprecated , [lɛ́ːw]; 'sudah') dilayan sebagai penanda <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aspek_sempurna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aspek sempurna (laman tidak wujud)">aspek sempurna</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-14">[11]</a> Dalam erti kata lain, laeocode: th is deprecated menandakan peristiwanya sebagai sudah selesai pada ketika ia disebut. Laeocode: th is deprecated juga membawa maksud lain di samping kegunaannya sebagai penanda KAM. Laeocode: th is deprecated boleh menjadi kata hubung untuk perbuatan berturut-turut, ataupun kata kerja yang bermaksud 'selesai'. <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ได้daidâːj<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PST</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กินkinkīn]makan</div>เขา ได้ กินkhao dai kin[kʰǎw dâːj kīn]3SG PST makanDia pernah makan. (Lampau)<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กินkinkīnmakan</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">แล้วlaeolɛ́ːw]<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="perfect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRF</abbr></div>เขา กิน แล้วkhao kin laeo[kʰǎw kīn lɛ́ːw]3SG makan PRFDia sudah makan. (Sempurna)<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ได้daidâːj<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="past tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PST</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กินkinkīnmakan</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">แล้วlaeolɛ́ːw]<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="perfect" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PRF</abbr></div>เขา ได้ กิน แล้วkhao dai kin laeo[kʰǎw dâːj kīn lɛ́ːw]3SG PST makan PRFDia sudah makan. (Lampau/Sempurna)<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <a href="/wiki/Kala_depan" class="mw-redirect" title="Kala depan">Kala depan</a> terungkap dengan จะcode: th is deprecated (chacode: th is deprecated , [tɕàʔ]; 'akan') sebelum kata kerja, ataupun ungkapan waktu yang menandakan masa depan. Contohnya: <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">จะchatɕàʔ<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="future tense" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">FUT</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">วิ่งwingwîŋ]lari</div>เขา จะ วิ่งkhao cha wing[kʰǎw tɕàʔ wîŋ]3SG FUT lari'Dia akan berlari.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <a href="/wiki/Ragam_pasif" title="Ragam pasif">Ragam pasif</a> ditandakan dengan membubuh ถูกcode: th is deprecated (thukcode: th is deprecated , [tʰùːk]) sebelum kata kerja. Contohnya: <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎw<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="third person, singular" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">3SG</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ถูกthuktʰùːk<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="passive voice" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">PASS</abbr></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ตีtitīː]pukul</div>เขา ถูก ตีkhao thuk ti[kʰǎw tʰùːk tīː]3SG PASS pukul'Dia dipukul.'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <dl><dd><dl><dd>Ini menggambarkan perbuatan yang berlaku di luar kawalan penerima dan oleh itu mengungkapkan pengalaman.</dd></dl></dd></dl> Penafian ditandakan dengan perkataan ไม่code: th is deprecated (maicode: th is deprecated , [mâj]; 'tidak') sebelum kata kerja. <ul><li>เขาไม่ตีcode: th is deprecated , (khao mai ticode: th is deprecated ) 'Dia tidak memukul'.</li></ul> Bahasa Thai menggunakan kata kerja berturutan (atau kata kerja majmuk). Terdapat beberapa kombinasi kata sering digunakan dan boleh dianggap sebagai ungkapan tetap (set phrasecode: en is deprecated ). <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เขาkhao[kʰǎwdia</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ไปpaipājpergi</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">กินkinkīnmakan</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ข้าวkhaokʰâːw]nasi</div>เขา ไป กิน ข้าวkhao pai kin khao[kʰǎw pāj kīn kʰâːw]dia pergi makan nasi'Dia pergi makan nasi'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฉันchan[tɕʰǎnaku</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ฟังfangfāŋdengar</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ไม่maimâjtidak</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เข้าใจkhao chaikʰâw tɕāj]faham</div>ฉัน ฟัง ไม่ เข้าใจchan fang mai {khao chai}[tɕʰǎn fāŋ mâj kʰâw tɕāj]aku dengar tidak faham'Aku tidak faham cakapnya'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">เข้าkhao[kʰâwmasuk</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">มาmamāː]datang</div>เข้า มาkhao ma[kʰâw māː]masuk datang'Masuk' (perintah)<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:4em"><div style="position:absolute;left:1em">ex:</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ออกok[ʔɔ̀ːkkeluar</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ไป!paipāj]pergi</div>ออก ไป!ok pai[ʔɔ̀ːk pāj]keluar pergi'Keluar!'<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kata_nama">Kata nama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=13" title="Sunting bahagian: Kata nama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=13" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kata nama">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Kata_nama" title="Kata nama">Kata nama</a> dalam bahasa Thai tidak mempunyai <a href="/wiki/Tasrif" title="Tasrif">tasrif</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gender_(tata_bahasa)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gender (tata bahasa) (laman tidak wujud)">gender</a> mahupun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata_sandang&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata sandang (laman tidak wujud)">kata sandang</a>. Semuanya adalah "<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata_nama_asas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata nama asas (laman tidak wujud)">kata nama asas</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/bare_nouns" class="extiw" title="en:bare nouns">en</a>]" (bare nouncode: en is deprecated ) yang boleh ditafsirkan sebagai mufrad, jamak, tentu atau tidak tentu.<a href="#cite_note-:0-16">[13]</a> Sesetengah kata nama tertentu <a href="/wiki/Kata_ganda" title="Kata ganda">digandakan</a> untuk membentuk kata kolektif, sama seperti dalam bahasa Melayu; contohnya: เด็กcode: th is deprecated (dekcode: th is deprecated , 'anak') sering digandakan menjadi เด็ก ๆcode: th is deprecated (dek dekcode: th is deprecated ) untuk membawa maksud sekelompok kanak-kanak. Perkataan พวกcode: th is deprecated (phuakcode: th is deprecated , [pʰûak]) boleh digunakan sebagai imbuhan awalan pada kata nama atau kata ganti nama untuk membentuk kata kolektif yang menjamakkan atau menegaskan kata akarnya. (พวกผมcode: th is deprecated , phuak phomcode: th is deprecated , [pʰûak pʰǒm], 'kami', disebut oleh kaum lelaki; พวกเราcode: th is deprecated phuak raocode: th is deprecated , [pʰûak rāw], 'kami/kita', ditegaskan; พวกหมาcode: th is deprecated phuak macode: th is deprecated , 'anjing-anjing'). Kata jamak terungkap dengan menambah <a href="/wiki/Penjodoh_bilangan" title="Penjodoh bilangan">penjodoh bilangan</a> (ลักษณนามcode: th is deprecated ) seperti dalam bahasa Melayu, tetapi mengikut urutan kata nama-bilangan-penjodoh: <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ครูkhru[kʰrūːguru</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ห้าhahâːlima</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">คนkhonkʰōn]orang</div>ครู ห้า คนkhru ha khon[kʰrūː hâː kʰōn]guru lima orang"lima orang guru"<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> Penjodoh bilangan sentiasa digunakan apabila terdapat kata nama dan bilangan. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata_milik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata milik (laman tidak wujud)">Pemilikan</a> terungkap dengan menambah perkataan ของcode: th is deprecated (khongcode: th is deprecated ) sebelum kata nama atau kata ganti nama, tetapi selalunya boleh digugurkan. Contoh: <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ลูกluk[lûːkanak</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ของkhongkʰɔ̌ːŋkepunyaan</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">แม่maemɛ̂ː]emak</div>ลูก ของ แม่luk khong mae[lûːk kʰɔ̌ːŋ mɛ̂ː]anak {kepunyaan} emak"anak emak"<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">นาna[nāːsawah</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">อาaʔāː]pak cik</div>นา อาna a[nāː ʔāː]sawah {pak cik}"sawah pak cik"<a href="#cite_note-17">[14]</a><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Frasa_nama">Frasa nama</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=14" title="Sunting bahagian: Frasa nama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=14" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Frasa nama">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Frasa_nama" title="Frasa nama">Frasa nama</a> dalam bahasa Thai sering menggunakan kelas <a href="/wiki/Penjodoh_bilangan" title="Penjodoh bilangan">penjodoh bilangan</a> yang khusus. Seperti yang dinyatakan tadi, penjodoh bilangan wajib digunakan apabila kata nama hadir dengan bilangan; contohnya: <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ผู้หญิงphuying[pʰûː.jǐŋperempuan</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">สองsongsɔ̌ːŋdua</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">คนkhonkʰōn]<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="classifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CL</abbr></div>ผู้หญิง สอง คนphuying song khon[pʰûː.jǐŋ sɔ̌ːŋ kʰōn]perempuan dua CLdua orang perempuan<a href="#cite_note-:1-18">[15]</a><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> Dalam contoh tadi, khoncode: th is deprecated (คนcode: th is deprecated ) bertindak sebagai penjodoh bilangan dalam frasa nama. Urutan kata nama-bilangan-penjodoh juga dituruti. Penjodoh bilangan juga diperlukan untuk membentuk frasa nama yang mempunyai kata kuantiti seperti ทุกcode: th is deprecated ('semua', 'setiap'), บางcode: th is deprecated ('sesetengah'). Contoh-contoh di bawah ditunjukkan menggunakan penjodoh bilangan khoncode: th is deprecated 'orang': <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">นักเรียนnak rian[nák rīanpelajar</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ทุกthuktʰúksetiap</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">คนkhonkʰōn]<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="classifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CL</abbr></div>{นักเรียน} ทุก คน{nak rian} thuk khon[nák rīan tʰúk kʰōn]pelajar setiap CL"setiap pelajar"<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">ครูkhru[kʰrūːguru</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">บางbangbāːŋsesetengah</div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;">คนkhonkʰōn]<abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="classifier" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">CL</abbr></div>ครู บาง คนkhru bang khon[kʰrūː bāːŋ kʰōn]guru sesetengah CL"sesetengah guru"<div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> Akan tetapi, penjodoh bilangan tidak digunakan untuk bilangan negatif (atau ketiadaan). Ketiadaan terungkap dengan corak ไม่มีcode: th is deprecated (mai micode: th is deprecated , [mâj mīː]) diikuti kata nama. Penjodoh bilangan juga digunakan untuk ungkapan penunjuk seperti นี้code: th is deprecated (nicode: th is deprecated , [níː]; 'ini') dan นั่นcode: th is deprecated (nancode: th is deprecated , [nán]; 'itu'); cuma sintaksnya berbeza dari ungkapan bilangan dan mengikut corak kata nama-penjodoh bilangan-penunjuk. Contohnya, frasa nama "anjing ini" diucapkan sebagai หมาตัวนี้code: th is deprecated ([mǎː tuːa níː], secara harfiah, 'anjing ekor ini').<a href="#cite_note-:1-18">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kata_ganti_nama">Kata ganti nama</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=15" title="Sunting bahagian: Kata ganti nama" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=15" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Kata ganti nama">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/Kata_ganti_nama" title="Kata ganti nama">Kata ganti nama</a> subjek sering digugurkan, dan ada kalanya digantikan dengan <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nama_timangan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nama timangan (laman tidak wujud)">nama timangan</a>. Kata ganti nama diri tersusun mengikut tingkat-tingkat kehormatan perlu dipilih sesuai dengan hubungan kekeluargaan dan darjat antara penutur dan pendengar. Juga terdapat kata ganti nama diri khusus untuk kerabat diraja dan sami Buddha. Yang berikut adalah kata ganti nama kegunaan hari-harian: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Kata</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Am_Transkripsi_Diraja_Thai" title="Sistem Am Transkripsi Diraja Thai">RTGS</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA">AFA</a></th> <th>Maksud </th></tr> <tr> <td>ผมcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>phomcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[pʰǒm] </td> <td>saya (lelaki; formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ดิฉันcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>dichancode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[dī.tɕʰǎn] </td> <td>saya (perempuan; formal) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ฉันcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>chancode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[tɕʰǎn] </td> <td>aku/saya (terutamanya perempuan; informal) Umum disebut [tɕʰán] </td></tr> <tr> <td>กูcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>kucode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[kūː] </td> <td>aku (informal/kasar) </td></tr> <tr> <td>หนูcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>nuucode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[nǔː] </td> <td>saya (disebut oleh perempuan kepada orang tua)<a href="#cite_note-19">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>เราcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>raocode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[rāw] </td> <td>kami/kita, aku (santai), kamu (kadangkala disebut oleh orang tua kepada orang muda) </td></tr> <tr> <td>คุณcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>khuncode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[kʰūn] </td> <td>anda (sopan) </td></tr> <tr> <td>ท่านcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>thancode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[tʰâ(ː)n] </td> <td>anda/tuan (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata_hormat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata hormat (laman tidak wujud)">penghormatan</a> tinggi) </td></tr> <tr> <td>แกcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>kaecode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[kɛ̄ː] </td> <td>engkau (informal, dalan kalangan sahabat handai)<a href="#cite_note-20">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>เธอcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>thoecode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[tʰɤ̄ː] </td> <td>engkau/awak (informal), dia (informal, perempuan) </td></tr> <tr> <td>พี่code: th is deprecated </td> <td>phicode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[pʰîː] </td> <td>abang, kakak (taulan tua-tua) </td></tr> <tr> <td>น้องcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>nongcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[nɔ́ːŋ] </td> <td>adik (taulan muda-muda) </td></tr> <tr> <td>เขาcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>khaocode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[kʰǎw] </td> <td>dia </td></tr> <tr> <td>มันcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>mancode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[mān] </td> <td>ia (bukan manusia), dia (santai, mungkin menghina orang terbabit) </td></tr> <tr> <td>มึงcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>muengcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[mɯ̄ŋ] </td> <td>engkau (informal/tidak sopan/lucah) </td></tr></tbody></table> Terdapat kata ganti nama refleksif iaitu ตัวเองcode: th is deprecated (tua engcode: th is deprecated ) yang membawa maksud 'sendiri'. Ini boleh dicampurkan dengan satu lagi kata ganti nama untuk membentuk <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata_ganti_nama_kediri&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata ganti nama kediri (laman tidak wujud)">kata ganti nama kediri</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/intensive_pronoun" class="extiw" title="en:intensive pronoun">en</a>] (intensive pronouncode: en is deprecated ) seperti ตัวผมเองcode: th is deprecated (tua phom engcode: th is deprecated , secara harfiah: 'saya sendiri') atau ตัวคุณเองcode: th is deprecated (tua khun engcode: th is deprecated , 'anda sendiri'). Bahasa Thai tidak mempunyai <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kata_ganti_milik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kata ganti milik (laman tidak wujud)">kata ganti milik</a>. Sebaliknya, pemilikan terungkap dengan kata partikel ของcode: th is deprecated (khongcode: th is deprecated ). Contohnya, "ibu saya" disebut แม่ของผมcode: th is deprecated (mae khong phomcode: th is deprecated ); frasa milikan menggunakan aturan "<a href="/wiki/Hukum_D-M" title="Hukum D-M">D-M</a>" sama seperti bahasa Melayu. Kata ของcode: th is deprecated selalunya bersifat tersirat, maka frasanya dipendekkan menjadi แม่ผมcode: th is deprecated (mae phomcode: th is deprecated ). Kata ganti diri jamak terbentuk dengan menambah perkataan พวกcode: th is deprecated (phuakcode: th is deprecated ) di hadapan kata ganti diri mufrad; contohnya: พวกเขาcode: th is deprecated (phuak khaocode: th is deprecated , 'mereka'), dan พวกเธอcode: th is deprecated (phuak thoecode: th is deprecated , 'kau orang') . Satu-satunya yang terkecuali ialah เราcode: th is deprecated (raocode: th is deprecated ) yang boleh digunakan sebagai mufrad mahupun jamak, tetapi juga terdapat dalam bentuk พวกเราcode: th is deprecated (phuak raocode: th is deprecated ) yang jamak sahaja. Bahasa Thai mempunyai banyak lagi kata ganti diri selain daripada yang tersenarai di atas, malah penggunaannya banyak nuansanya. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Partikel">Partikel</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=16" title="Sunting bahagian: Partikel" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=16" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Partikel">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Partikel_(linguistik)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Partikel (linguistik) (laman tidak wujud)">Partikel</a> [<a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partikel_(linguistik)" class="extiw" title="id:Partikel (linguistik)">id</a>] merupakan perkataan yang dibubuhkan di akhir ayat untuk menandakan penghormatan, galakan atau bermacam-macam suasana, di samping juga menandakan keformalan. Ia tidak digunakan dalam bahasa bertulis formal. Antara partikel paling am yang menandakan penghormatan termasuk ครับcode: th is deprecated (khrapcode: th is deprecated , [kʰráp], disebut dengan nada tinggi) bagi penutur lelaki, dan ค่ะcode: th is deprecated (khacode: th is deprecated , [kʰâʔ], disebut dengan nama turun) bagi penutur perempuan. Dalam ayat pertanyaan atau permohonan, partikel ค่ะcode: th is deprecated (nada turun) bertukar menjadi คะcode: th is deprecated (nada tinggi). Antara partikel am lain termasuk: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Kata</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Sistem_Am_Transkripsi_Diraja_Thai" title="Sistem Am Transkripsi Diraja Thai">RTGS</a></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:IPA" class="mw-redirect" title="Bantuan:IPA">AFA</a></th> <th>Maksud </th></tr> <tr> <td>จ้ะcode: th is deprecated , จ้าcode: th is deprecated atau จ๋าcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>chacode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[tɕâʔ], [tɕâː] atau [tɕǎː] </td> <td>Menandakan penegasan. Digunakan dalam konteks kurang formal apabila berbual dengan sahabat handai atau orang muda/bawahan<a href="#cite_note-:5-21">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ละcode: th is deprecated or ล่ะcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>lacode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[láʔ] or [lâʔ ~ làʔ] </td> <td>Menandakan penegasan. </td></tr> <tr> <td>สิcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>sicode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[sìʔ] </td> <td>Menandakan penegasan atau perintah. Boleh ditafsirkan sebagai arahan kepada seseorang untuk melakukan sesuatu<a href="#cite_note-:5-21">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>นะcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>nacode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[náʔ] </td> <td>Menandakan penghalusan bahasa; mengungkapkan permintaan atau menjadikan pertuturan kedengaran lebih mesra. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Laras_bahasa">Laras bahasa</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=17" title="Sunting bahagian: Laras bahasa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=17" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Laras bahasa">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Bahasa Thai Pusat terdiri daripada beberapa tingkat <a href="/wiki/Laras_bahasa" title="Laras bahasa">laras bahasa</a>, setiap satunya untuk konteks sosial berbeza: <ul><li>Bahasa basahan (ภาษาพูดcode: th is deprecated , phasa phutcode: th is deprecated , 'bahasa tuturan'): tidak formal, tanpa kata sapaan sopan, digunakan dalam kalangan sahabat handai dan sanak-saudara terdekat.</li> <li>Bahasa simbai (ภาษาเขียนcode: th is deprecated , phasa khiancode: th is deprecated , 'bahasa tulisan'): bentuk bertulis dan rasmi, mempunyai kata sapaan hormat; disiarkan dalam akhbar dalam bentuk ringkas.</li> <li>Bahasa retorik: digunakan dalam ucapan awam.</li> <li>Bahasa keagamaan: sarat dengan pengaruh bahasa <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pali" title="Bahasa Pali">Pāli</a>, digunakan ketika membincangkan agama Buddha atau menyapa biksu (sami).</li> <li>Bahasa istana (ราชาศัพท์code: th is deprecated , racha sapcode: th is deprecated ): dipengaruhi oleh <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Khmer" title="Bahasa Khmer">bahasa Khmer</a>, digunakan bagi menyapa kerabat diraja atau menerangkan aktiviti mereka.</li></ul> Kebanyakan rakyat Thai boleh mempertuturkan dan memahami semua konteks dari tingkatan bahasa-bahasa itu. Bahasa basahan maupun simbai merupakan asas kepada segala pertuturan.<a href="#cite_note-22">[19]</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sumber_petikan" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Sumber petikan">perlu rujukan</a>] Bahasa retorik, keagamaan dan istana diajar dalam kurikulum kebangsaan dan sekolah. Penggunaan perbendaharaan kata berubah sesuai dengan penggunaan laras bahasa. Contohnya dalam jadual berikut: <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>"makan"</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa">AFA</a></th> <th>Laras</th> <th>Catatan tambahan </th></tr> <tr> <td>กินcode: th is deprecated kincode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[kīn]</td> <td>am</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>แดกcode: th is deprecated daekcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[dɛ̀ːk]</td> <td>kasar</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>ยัดcode: th is deprecated yatcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[ját]</td> <td>kasar</td> <td>Maksud asal: 'menyumbat' </td></tr> <tr> <td>บริโภคcode: th is deprecated boriphokcode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[bɔ̄ː.rī.pʰôːk]</td> <td>formal, tulisan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>รับประทานcode: th is deprecated rapprathancode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[ráp.prā.tʰāːn]</td> <td>formal, sopan</td> <td>Juga dipendekkan kepada ทานcode: th is deprecated /tʰāːn/. </td></tr> <tr> <td>ฉันcode: th is deprecated chancode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[tɕʰǎn]</td> <td>keagamaan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>เสวยcode: th is deprecated sawoeicode: th is deprecated </td> <td>[sā.wɤ̌ːj]</td> <td>istana</td> <td>Bersamaan dengan bahasa istana Melayu 'bersantap'. </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Perbendaharaan_kata">Perbendaharaan kata</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=18" title="Sunting bahagian: Perbendaharaan kata" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=18" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Perbendaharaan kata">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Selain daripada <a href="/wiki/Kata_majmuk" title="Kata majmuk">kata majmuk</a> dan kata-kata serapan dari bahasa asing, kebanyakan perkataan Thai <a href="/wiki/Suku_kata" title="Suku kata">ekasukuan</a>. Pernah terdapat pengaruh bahasa Cina yang kuat sehingga abad ke-13 apabila penggunaan aksara Cina diberhentikan dan digantikan oleh aksara Sanskrit dan Pali. Namun demikian, kosa kata Thai mengekalkan banyak perkataan dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Cina_Pertengahan" title="Bahasa Cina Pertengahan">bahasa Cina Pertengahan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-23">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-25">[22]</a> Kemudian, banyak kosa kata diserap dari bahasa Indik (<a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" class="mw-redirect" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pali" title="Bahasa Pali">Pāli</a>), khususnya peristilahan <a href="/wiki/Agama_Buddha" title="Agama Buddha">agama Buddha</a>. Perkataan Indik membawa laras bahasa lebih formal dan boleh diibaratkan dengan perkataan serapan Arab dalam bahasa Melayu. Bahasa Thai juga dipengaruhi oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Khmer_Kuno&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bahasa Khmer Kuno (laman tidak wujud)">bahasa Khmer Kuno</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Khmer_language" class="extiw" title="en:Old Khmer language">en</a>] terutamanya dari segi peristilahan bahasa istana. Semenjak permulaan abad ke-20, pengaruh asing paling kuat datang dari <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Inggeris" title="Bahasa Inggeris">bahasa Inggeris</a>, khususnya dalam peristilahan moden seperti bidang sains dan teknologi dan hubungan antarabangsa. <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Asal=usul</th> <th>Contoh</th> <th><a href="/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa">AFA</a> </th> <th colspan="2">Maksud </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/Bahasa-bahasa_Tai" title="Bahasa-bahasa Tai">Asli</a> </td> <td lang="th">ไฟ </td> <td>[fāj] </td> <td colspan="2">api </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="th">น้ำ </td> <td>[náːm] </td> <td colspan="2">air </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="th">เมือง </td> <td>[mɯ̄aŋ] </td> <td colspan="2">bandar </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="th">รุ่งเรือง </td> <td>[rûŋ.rɯ̄aŋ] </td> <td colspan="2">makmur </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="6">Indik: <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Pali" title="Bahasa Pali">Pāli</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Sanskrit" title="Bahasa Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> </td> <th>Contoh </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Abjad_Fonetik_Antarabangsa" title="Abjad Fonetik Antarabangsa">AFA</a> </th> <th>Kata asal </th> <th>Maksud </th></tr> <tr> <td>สวัสดี </td> <td>[sa.wat.diː] </td> <td>स्वस्ति svasti<a href="#cite_note-26">[23]</a> </td> <td>"salam!" </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="th">อัคนี </td> <td>[ʔàk.kʰā.nīː] </td> <td>अग्नि agni </td> <td>api </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="th">ชล </td> <td>[tɕʰōn] </td> <td>जल jala<a href="#cite_note-27">[24]</a> </td> <td>air </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="th">ธานี </td> <td>[tʰāː.nīː] </td> <td>धानी dhānī </td> <td>bandar </td></tr> <tr> <td lang="th">วิโรจน์ </td> <td>[wí(ʔ).rôːt] </td> <td>विरोचन virócana </td> <td>makmur </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sistem_tulisan">Sistem tulisan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=19" title="Sunting bahagian: Sistem tulisan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=19" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Sistem tulisan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fail:Kingdom_of_Thailand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kingdom_of_Thailand.svg/220px-Kingdom_of_Thailand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="41" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kingdom_of_Thailand.svg/330px-Kingdom_of_Thailand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Kingdom_of_Thailand.svg/440px-Kingdom_of_Thailand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="116" /></a><figcaption>"Kerajaan Thai" dalam tulisan Thai.</figcaption></figure> Bahasa Thai ditulis dalam <a href="/wiki/Abjad_Thai" title="Abjad Thai">aksara Thai</a>, iaitu sebuah sistem tulisan <a href="/wiki/Abugida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abugida">abugida</a> yang ditulis dari kiri ke kanan. Bahasa dan tulisannya serumpun dengan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Lao" title="Bahasa Lao">bahasa</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Tulisan_Lao" title="Tulisan Lao">aksara Lao</a>. Kebanyakan penutur Lao yang celik huruf boleh memahami dan membaca bahasa Thai kerana kedua-dua bahasa mempunyai persamaan dari segi lebih separuh kosa katanya dan juga dari segi tatabahasa dan fonologi. Orang Thai mencipta sistem tulisan sendiri dengan menerima guna dan mengubah suai <a href="/wiki/Aksara_Khmer" class="mw-redirect" title="Aksara Khmer">aksara Khmer</a>. Rata-ratanya sebutan boleh disimpulkan dari tulisan, tetapi ortografinya adalah kompleks kerana terdapat huruf-huruf bisu untuk memelihara ejaan asal, malah terdapat berbilang huruf yang menandakan fonem yang sama. Prasasti dalam bahasa Thai mula muncul sekitar tahun 1292 M walhal prasasti <a href="/wiki/Bahasa_Khmer" title="Bahasa Khmer">Khmer</a> tertua yang diketahui bertarikh 611 M. Antara ciri-cirinya ialah: <ol><li>Merupakan tulisan <a href="/wiki/Abugida" class="mw-redirect" title="Abugida">abugida</a> yang mana <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vokal_tersirat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Vokal tersirat (laman tidak wujud)">vokal tersiratnya</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/implicit_vowel" class="extiw" title="en:implicit vowel">en</a>] adalah /a/ pendek dalam suku kata tanpa <a href="/wiki/Konsonan" title="Konsonan">konsonan</a> akhir, dan /o/ pendek dalam suku kata berkonsonan akhir. Contoh:</li> <li>Tanda nada, jika hadir, terletak di atas konsonan <a href="/wiki/Suku_kata#Onset" title="Suku kata">onset</a> akhir dalam suku kata.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vokal" title="Vokal">Vokal</a> yang disebut selepas konsonan awal terletak sebelum, selepas, di atas atau bawah konsonan itu, ataupun di lebih dari satu posisi sekali gus.</li></ol> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transkripsi">Transkripsi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=20" title="Sunting bahagian: Transkripsi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=20" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Transkripsi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5614044">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Rencana utama: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perumian_bahasa_Thai&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perumian bahasa Thai (laman tidak wujud)">Perumian bahasa Thai</a></div> Tidak terdapat kaedah yang diterima sejagat untuk mentranskripsikan tulisan Thai ke dalam abjad Rumi. Misalnya, nama <a href="/wiki/Lapangan_Terbang_Suvarnabhumi" title="Lapangan Terbang Suvarnabhumi">lapangan terbang utama Bangkok</a> boleh ditranskripsikan sebagai Suvarnabhumi, Suwannaphum, atau Suwunnapoom. Buku panduan, buku teks dan kamus semuanya boleh menggunakan sistem berlainan. Oleh sebab itulah banyak kursus bahasa menyarankan supaya pelajar menguasai tulisan Thai.<a href="#cite_note-28">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-29">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[28]</a> Antara piawaian rasmi termasuk <a href="/wiki/Sistem_Am_Transkripsi_Diraja_Thai" title="Sistem Am Transkripsi Diraja Thai">Sistem Am Transkripsi Diraja Thai</a> (RTGS) yang diterbitkan oleh <a href="/w/index.php?title=Institut_Diraja_Thailand&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Institut Diraja Thailand (laman tidak wujud)">Institut Diraja Thailand</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Institute_of_Thailand" class="extiw" title="en:Royal Institute of Thailand">en</a>],<a href="#cite_note-32">[29]</a> dan sistem <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11940-2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11940-2 (laman tidak wujud)">ISO 11940-2</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_11940-2" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 11940-2">en</a>] yang didefinisikan oleh <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Pemiawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pertubuhan Pemiawaian Antarabangsa">Pertubuhan Pemiawaian Antarabangsa</a> (ISO). Sistem RTGS banyak diterima guna oleh kerajaan pusat dan tempatan Thailand, khususnya untuk papan tanda jalan.<a href="#cite_note-33">[30]</a> Kelemahan utamanya adalah tidak menandakan nada atau kepanjangan vokal. Oleh sebab sistem ini berdasarkan lafazan dan bukan ortografi, maka mustahil untuk membina semula ejaan Thai dari perumian RTGS. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Transliterasi">Transliterasi</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=21" title="Sunting bahagian: Transliterasi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=21" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Transliterasi">sunting sumber</a>]</div> Pertubuhan <a href="/wiki/Pertubuhan_Pemiawaian_Antarabangsa" title="Pertubuhan Pemiawaian Antarabangsa">ISO</a> telah menerbitkan piawaian antarabangsa untuk <a href="/wiki/Transliterasi" title="Transliterasi">transliterasi</a> (alih aksara) bahasa Thai kepada tulisan Rumi pada September 2003, iaitu <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISO_11940&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISO 11940 (laman tidak wujud)">ISO 11940</a> [<a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISO_11940" class="extiw" title="en:ISO 11940">en</a>].<a href="#cite_note-34">[31]</a> Dengan membubuh tanda diakritik pada huruf-huruf Latin, ia menjadikan transkripsi boleh disongsangkan, dan oleh itu ia merupakan transliterasi sejati. Sistem ini digunakan terutamanya oleh <a href="/wiki/Google_Terjemah" title="Google Terjemah">Google Terjemah</a>, tetapi nampaknya tidak kelihatan dalam pelbagai konteks lain seperti buku teks dan bahan-bahan pembelajaran lain. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nota_kaki">Nota kaki</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=22" title="Sunting bahagian: Nota kaki" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=22" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Nota kaki">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> อ awal adalah senyap, oleh itu dikira sebagai <a href="/wiki/Hentian_glotis" title="Hentian glotis">hentian glotis</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> ฃ dan ฅ tidak lagi digunakan, maka bahasa Thai moden dikatakan mempunyai 42 huruf konsonan. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> Hentian glotis hadir di hujung apabila tiada konsonan akhir menyusuli vokal pendek </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rujukan">Rujukan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=23" title="Sunting bahagian: Rujukan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=23" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Rujukan">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r6173370">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> digunakan di <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a> termasuk dalam kalangan <a href="/wiki/Orang_Siam_Malaysia" title="Orang Siam Malaysia">masyarakat Siam</a> sana </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#CITEREFTingsabadhAbramson1993">Tingsabadh & Abramson (1993</a>:25) </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5110723">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite id="CITEREFMorénZsiga2006" class="citation journal cs1">Morén, Bruce; 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Harvard University. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-267-10767-1" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-267-10767-1"><bdi>978-1-267-10767-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:118127511">118127511</a>. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><a href="/wiki/ProQuest" title="ProQuest">ProQuest</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.proquest.com/docview/915016895">915016895</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150503175806/http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/~jenks/Research_files/Jenks_2011.pdf">Diarkibkan</a> (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 2015-05-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+Hidden+Structure+of+Thai+Noun+Phrases&rft.inst=Harvard+University&rft.date=2011&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A118127511%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.isbn=978-1-267-10767-1&rft.aulast=Jenks&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.linguistics.berkeley.edu%2F~jenks%2FResearch_files%2FJenks_2011.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thailanguage.org/thai/grammar.asp">"Thailanguage.org"</a>. Dicapai pada 18 September 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thailanguage.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thailanguage.org%2Fthai%2Fgrammar.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-18">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_18-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFSmyth2014" class="citation book cs1">Smyth, David (2014). Thai (ed. 2nd). Hoboken: Taylor and Francis. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-1-317-97457-4" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-1-317-97457-4"><bdi>978-1-317-97457-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Online_Computer_Library_Center" title="Online Computer Library Center">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/oclc/879025983">879025983</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thai&rft.place=Hoboken&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Taylor+and+Francis&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F879025983&rft.isbn=978-1-317-97457-4&rft.aulast=Smyth&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learnthaiinsingapore.com/the-many-different-ways-to-say-i-in-thai/">"The Many Different Ways To Say "I""</a>. Beginner Thai Speaking (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 28 September 2021. Dicapai pada 2021-11-12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Beginner+Thai+Speaking&rft.atitle=The+Many+Different+Ways+To+Say+%22I%22&rft.date=2021-09-28&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearnthaiinsingapore.com%2Fthe-many-different-ways-to-say-i-in-thai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJoanne_Tan" class="citation web cs1">Joanne Tan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learnthaiinsingapore.com/how-to-say-you-in-thai-language/">"How to say You in Thai Language"</a>. Learn Thai in Singapore.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Learn+Thai+in+Singapore&rft.atitle=How+to+say+You+in+Thai+Language&rft.au=Joanne+Tan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearnthaiinsingapore.com%2Fhow-to-say-you-in-thai-language%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:5-21">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_21-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_21-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://learnthaiinsingapore.com/what-do-krub-and-ka-mean-in-thai/">"What Do 'krub' And 'ka' Mean In Thai Language & When To Use"</a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). 5 October 2021. Dicapai pada 2021-11-01.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=What+Do+%27krub%27+And+%27ka%27+Mean+In+Thai+Language+%26+When+To+Use&rft.date=2021-10-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flearnthaiinsingapore.com%2Fwhat-do-krub-and-ka-mean-in-thai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.studycountry.com/guide/TH-language.htm">"The Languages spoken in Thailand"</a>. Studycountry (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 2017-12-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Studycountry&rft.atitle=The+Languages+spoken+in+Thailand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.studycountry.com%2Fguide%2FTH-language.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHaspelmathTadmor2009" class="citation book cs1">Haspelmath, Martin; Tadmor, Uri (2009). Loanwords in the World's Languages: A Comparative Handbook. m/s. 611. <q>Thai is of special interest to lexical borrowing for various reasons. The copious borrowing of basic vocabulary from Middle Chinese and later from Khmer indicates that, given the right sociolinguistic context, such vocabulary is not at all immune</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Loanwords+in+the+World%27s+Languages%3A+A+Comparative+Handbook&rft.pages=611&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Haspelmath&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft.au=Tadmor%2C+Uri&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFHaarmann1986" class="citation book cs1">Haarmann, Harald (1986). Language in Ethnicity: A View of Basic Ecological Relations. m/s. 165. <q>In Thailand, for instance, where the Chinese influence was strong until the Middle Ages, Chinese characters were abandoned in written Thai in the course of the thirteenth century.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Language+in+Ethnicity%3A+A+View+of+Basic+Ecological+Relations&rft.pages=165&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Haarmann&rft.aufirst=Harald&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFLeppert1992" class="citation book cs1">Leppert, Paul A. (1992). Doing Business With Thailand. m/s. 13. <q>At an early time the Thais used Chinese characters. But, under the influence of Indian traders and monks, they soon dropped Chinese characters in favor of Sanskrit and Pali scripts.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Doing+Business+With+Thailand&rft.pages=13&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Leppert&rft.aufirst=Paul+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> ada digunakan dalam batu bersurat Melayu lama di <a href="/wiki/Batu_Bersurat_Talang_Tuwo" title="Batu Bersurat Talang Tuwo">Batu Bersurat Talang Tuwo</a> dan <a href="/wiki/Batu_Bersurat_Kedukan_Bukit" title="Batu Bersurat Kedukan Bukit">Kedukan Bukit</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> cf. kata Melayu klasik <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5953951">.mw-parser-output .script-Adlm{font-family:"Noto Sans Adlam"}.mw-parser-output .script-Aghb{font-family:"Noto Sans Caucasian 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.script-Batk{font-family:Pangururan,"Noto Sans Batak","Batak-Unicode","Batak Unicode"}.mw-parser-output .script-Beng{font-family:"Noto Serif Bengali","Noto Sans Bengali"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bhks{font-family:"Noto Sans Bhaiksuki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bopo{font-family:"Noto Sans CJK TC"}.mw-parser-output .script-Brah{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Brahmi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Brai{font-family:"Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Bugi{font-family:"LontaraOT","Saweri","Leelawadee UI","Noto Sans Buginese","Code2000"}.mw-parser-output .script-Buhd{font-family:"Quivira","Noto Sans Buhid","Code2000","Sun-ExtA"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cakm{font-family:"Noto Sans Chakma"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cans{font-family:"Euphemia","Noto Sans Canadian Aboriginal Syllabics"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cari{font-family:"Noto Sans Carian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cham{font-family:"Noto Sans Cham"}.mw-parser-output .script-Cher{font-family:Gadugi,"Noto Sans 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.script-Geor{font-family:"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","Kelvinch","Noto Sans Georgian","Noto Serif Georgian","Sylfean","Segoe WP","Segoe UI","Quivira","MPH 2B Damase"}.mw-parser-output .script-Glag{font-family:"Menaion Unicode TT","Menaion Unicode","Vikidemia","Bukyvede","FreeSerif","Ja","Unicode5","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Noto Sans Glagolitic","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gong{font-family:"Noto Sans Gunjala Gondi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gonm{font-family:"Noto Sans Masaram Gondi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Goth{font-family:"Vulcanius","Junicode","Pfeffer Mediæval","Ulfilas","Silubr","Skeirs","Midjungards","ALPHABETUM","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Noto Sans Gothic","Code2001","Segoe UI Historic","Segoe UI Symbol","serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gran{font-family:"Noto Serif Grantha","Noto Sans Grantha"}.mw-parser-output .script-Grek{font-family:"SBL BibLit","SBL Greek","Athena","EB Garamond","EB Garamond 12","Foulis Greek","Garamond Libre","Cardo","Gentium Plus","Gentium","Garamond","Palatino Linotype","DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif","FreeSerif","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Lucida Sans Unicode","Lucida Grande","Code2000","sans-serif"}.mw-parser-output .script-Gujr{font-family:"Noto Sans Gujarati","Noto Serif Gujarati"}.mw-parser-output .script-Guru{font-family:"Noto Sans Gurmukhi","Noto Sans Gurmukhi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hani{font-family:"BabelStone Han","Noto Serif CJK SC","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Sans CJK TC"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hano{font-family:"Noto Sans Hanunoo","FreeSerif","Quivira"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hans{font-family:"Noto Sans SC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Serif SC","Noto Serif CJK SC","Dengxian","微软雅黑","Microsoft YaHei","FangSong","KaiTi","NSimSun","SimHei","SimSun","SimSun-ExtB","BabelStone Han"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hant{font-family:"Noto Sans CJK TC","Noto Sans TC","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Serif TC","Microsoft Jhenghei","PMingLiU","MingLiU","BabelStone Han"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hatr{font-family:"Noto Sans Hatran"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hebr{font-family:"Ezra SIL","Ezra SIL SR","Keter Aram Tsova","Taamey Ashkenaz","Taamey David CLM","Taamey Frank CLM","Frank Ruehl CLM","Keter YG","Shofar","David CLM","Hadasim CLM","Simple CLM","Nachlieli","SBL BibLit","SBL Hebrew","Cardo","Alef","Noto Serif Hebrew","Noto Sans Hebrew","David Libre","David","Times New Roman","Gisha","Arial","FreeSerif","FreeSans"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hluw{font-family:"Noto Sans Anatolian Hieroglyphs"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hmng{font-family:"Noto Sans Pahawh Hmong"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hmnp{font-family:"Noto Serif Hmong Nyiakeng"}.mw-parser-output .script-Hung{font-family:"Noto Sans Old Hungarian"}.mw-parser-output .script-Ital{font-family:"Italica Vetus","Italica Vetus SN","Cardo","FreeMono","DejaVu Sans","Noto Sans Old Italic","Quivira","Aegean","Segoe UI Historic"}.mw-parser-output .script-Java{font-family:"Noto Sans Javanese","Javanese Text"}.mw-parser-output .script-Jpan{font-family:"Noto Sans JP","Noto Sans CJK JP","Noto Serif JP","Noto Serif CJK JP","BIZ UDPGothic","BIZ UDPMincho","BIZ UDGothic","BIZ UDMincho","Yu Gothic","Yu Mincho","Meiryo","MS PGothic","MS PMincho","MS Gothic","MS Mincho"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kali{font-family:"Noto Sans Kayah Li"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kawi{font-family:"Noto Sans Kawi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khar{font-family:"Segoe UI Historic","Noto Sans Kharoshthi"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khmr{font-family:"Khmer Busra","Khmer Mondulkiri","Khmer OS","Khmer OS Battambang","Khmer OS Boker","Khmer OS Content","Khmer OS Fasthand","Khmer OS Freehand","Khmer OS Metal Chrieng","Khmer OS Muol","Khmer OS Muol Pali","Khmer OS Siemreap","Khmer OS System","Khmer Oureang","Khmer Ratanakiri","KH Freehand","Kh Metal Chrieng","Kh Bokor","Hanuman","Noto Sans Khmer","Noto Serif Khmer","Khmer UI","Leelawadee UI","DaunPenh"}.mw-parser-output .script-Khoj{font-family:"Noto Sans Khojki"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kits{font-family:"BabelStone Khitan Small Linear","Noto Serif Khitan Small Script"}.mw-parser-output .script-Knda{font-family:"Noto Serif Kannada","Noto Sans Kannada"}.mw-parser-output .script-Kore{font-family:"함초롬돋움 LVT","HCR Dotum LVT","함초롬바탕 LVT","HCR Batang LVT","본고딕","Source Han Sans K","본고딕 KR","Source Han Sans KR","思源黑體","Source Han Sans TC","思源黑體香港","Source Han Sans HC","思源黑体","Source Han Sans SC","源ノ角ゴシック","Source Han Sans","본명조","Source Han Serif K","본명조 KR","Source Han Serif KR","思源宋體","Source Han Serif TC","思源宋體香港","Source Han Serif HC","思源宋体","Source Han Serif SC","源ノ明朝","Source Han Serif","Noto Sans CJK KR","Noto Sans KR","Noto Sans CJK TC","Noto Sans CJK HC","Noto Sans CJK SC","Noto Sans CJK JP","Noto Serif CJK KR","Noto Serif KR","Noto Serif CJK TC","Noto Serif CJK SC","Noto Serif CJK JP","나눔바른고딕 옛한글","NanumBarunGothic YetHangul","나눔명조 옛한글","NanumMyeongjo YetHangul","은 바탕","Un Batang","돋움 옛한글","Dotum Old Hangul","바탕 옛한글","Batang Old Hangul","굴림 옛한글","NewGulim 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.script-Cyrs{font-family:"Ponomar Unicode","Ponomar Unicode TT","Acathist","Triodion Unicode","Menaion Unicode","Menaion Unicode TT","Shafarik","Fedorovsk Unicode","Fedorovsk Unicode TT","Monomakh Unicode","Monomakh Unicode TT",BukyVede,"Kliment Std","RomanCyrillic Std","Monomachus","Old Standard","Old Standard TT",Dilyana,Menaion,"Menaion Medieval",Lazov,Code2000,"DejaVu Sans","DejaVu Serif",Code2001,"FreeSerif","TITUS Cyberbit Basic","Charis SIL","Doulos SIL","Chrysanthi Unicode","Bitstream Cyberbit","Bitstream CyberBase",Thryomanes,"Lucida Grande","FreeSans","Arial Unicode MS","Microsoft Sans Serif","Lucida Sans Unicode"}</style>جلادري‎ jeladeri "lautan" </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFPronk2013" class="citation book cs1">Pronk, Marco (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ctZBDwAAQBAJ&pg=PR5">The Essential Thai Language Companion: Reference Book: Basics, Structures, Rules</a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Schwabe AG. m/s. v. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-3-9523664-9-3" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-3-9523664-9-3"><bdi>978-3-9523664-9-3</bdi></a>. <q>learn the Thai alphabet as early as possible, and get rid of romanized transcriptions as soon as you can</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Essential+Thai+Language+Companion%3A+Reference+Book%3A+Basics%2C+Structures%2C+Rules&rft.pages=v&rft.pub=Schwabe+AG&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-3-9523664-9-3&rft.aulast=Pronk&rft.aufirst=Marco&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DctZBDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFJuyaso2015" class="citation book cs1">Juyaso, Arthit (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=r6dcEAAAQBAJ&pg=PR12">Read Thai in 10 Days</a> (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Bingo-Lingo. m/s. xii. <q>There have been attempts by Thai language schools to create a perfect phonetic system for learners, but none have been successful so far. ... Only Thai script is prevalent and consistent in Thailand.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Read+Thai+in+10+Days&rft.pages=xii&rft.pub=Bingo-Lingo&rft.date=2015&rft.aulast=Juyaso&rft.aufirst=Arthit&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dr6dcEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPR12&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFWaites2014" class="citation book cs1">Waites, Dan (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gh0dAwAAQBAJ&pg=PT186">"Learning the Language: To Write or Not to Write"</a>. CultureShock! Bangkok (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Marshall Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-981-4516-93-8" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-981-4516-93-8"><bdi>978-981-4516-93-8</bdi></a>. <q>you're far better off learning the Thai alphabet</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Learning+the+Language%3A+To+Write+or+Not+to+Write&rft.btitle=CultureShock%21+Bangkok&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-981-4516-93-8&rft.aulast=Waites&rft.aufirst=Dan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dgh0dAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite id="CITEREFCooper2019" class="citation book cs1">Cooper, Robert (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o7SaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT209">"Learning Thai: Writing Thai in English"</a>. CultureShock! Thailand: A Survival Guide to Customs and Etiquette (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Marshall Cavendish. <a href="/wiki/Nombor_Buku_Piawai_Antarabangsa" title="Nombor Buku Piawai Antarabangsa">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Khas:Sumber_buku/978-981-4841-39-9" title="Khas:Sumber buku/978-981-4841-39-9"><bdi>978-981-4841-39-9</bdi></a>. <q>take a bit of time to learn the letters. The time you spend is saved many times over when you begin to really learn Thai.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Learning+Thai%3A+Writing+Thai+in+English&rft.btitle=CultureShock%21+Thailand%3A+A+Survival+Guide+to+Customs+and+Etiquette&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=978-981-4841-39-9&rft.aulast=Cooper&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do7SaDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.royin.go.th/">Royal Thai General System of Transcription</a>, terbitan Institut Diraja Thailand, hanya dalam bahasa Thai </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r5110723"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ooh5.go.th/book/CA/CA01.pdf">Handbook and standard for traffic signs</a> (PDF) (dalam bahasa Thai), Appendix ง, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171115222340/http://www.ooh5.go.th/book/CA/CA01.pdf">diarkibkan</a> (PDF) daripada yang asal pada 2017-11-15</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+and+standard+for+traffic+signs&rft.pages=Appendix+%E0%B8%87&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ooh5.go.th%2Fbook%2FCA%2FCA01.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fms.wikipedia.org%3ABahasa+Thai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iso.org/iso/home/store/catalogue_tc/catalogue_detail.htm?csnumber=29544">ISO 11940 Standard</a>. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pautan_luar">Pautan luar</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&veaction=edit&section=24" title="Sunting bahagian: Pautan luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor">sunting</a> | <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit&section=24" title="Sunting kod sumber bahagian: Pautan luar">sunting sumber</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wold.livingsources.org/vocabulary/23">Thai Vocabulary List</a>[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pautan_reput" title="Wikipedia:Pautan reput">pautan mati kekal</a>]</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thaitranslate.org/">Thai Translator</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thai-language.com/dict/">Thai Dictionary</a></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5868370">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><a href="/wiki/Fail:Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Ikon tunas" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/25px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/38px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4f/Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg/50px-Tango_Globe_of_Letters.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></td><td>Rencana berkaitan <a href="/wiki/Bahasa" title="Bahasa">bahasa</a> ini ialah <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tunas" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tunas">rencana tunas</a>. Anda boleh membantu Wikipedia dengan <a class="external text" href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bahasa_Thai&action=edit">mengembangkannya</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r5375175">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output 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#a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/40px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="37" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/60px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg/80px-Wikipedia-logo-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="103" data-file-height="94" /></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a> <a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="th:">Bahasa Thai</a>, ensiklopedia bebas</td></tr> </tbody></table>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diambil daripada "<a 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