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href="/page/ombre-sul-sole-quando-il-progresso-fu-oscurato">Ombre sul sole: quando il progresso fu oscurato</a></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-419"><a href="/page/energia-idroelettrica">Idroelettrico</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-420"><a href="/page/idroelettrico-cenni-storici">Cenni storici</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-421"><a href="/page/impianti-idroelettrici">Impianti</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-423"><a href="/page/turbine-idroelettriche">Turbine</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-424"><a href="/page/ricerca-e-sviluppo-sistemi-marini">R.& S. Sistemi marini</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-425"><a href="/page/idroelettrico-impatto-ambientale">Impatto ambientale</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-426"><a href="/page/idroelettrico-potenziale">Potenziale</a></li> <li class="last leaf menu-mlid-427"><a href="/page/idroelettrico-aspetti-economici">Aspetti economici</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="expanded menu-mlid-428"><a href="/page/energia-eolica">Eolico</a><ul class="menu clearfix"><li class="first leaf menu-mlid-429"><a href="/page/eolico-cenni-storici">Cenni storici</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-430"><a href="/page/aerogeneratori-ad-asse-orizzontale">Ad asse orizzontale</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-431"><a href="/page/aerogeneratori-ad-asse-verticale">Ad asse verticale</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-432"><a href="/page/sistemi-eolici-shore">Sistemi off-shore</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-433"><a href="/page/eolico-ricerca-e-sviluppo">Ricerca e Sviluppo</a></li> <li class="leaf menu-mlid-434"><a 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href="/page/fogli-di-calcolo-glossari-convertitori-ed-altre-utilita-web">Utilit脿</a></li> </ul></div> </div> </div> <div id="block-block-10" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <p> </p> <p><a href="https://www.enostra.it" style="font-size: 11.8181819915771px;" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/files/page/banner/enostra/enostra-buona-logo.png" style="height:93px; width:230px" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://www.soleinrete.org" style="font-size: 11.8182px;" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/files/page/banner/275x160.gif" style="height:134px; width:230px" /></a></p> <p><a href="https://altreconomia.it/?ec_dettaglio=224" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="/files/page/images/news/questa_svolta_tocca_a_noi_kindle.jpg" style="height:345px; width:230px" /></a></p> <p><a href="/page/il-5x1000-energoclub-ecco-i-progetti-che-puoi-sostenere" style="font-size: 11.8181819915771px;" target="_blank"><img alt="5x1000" src="/files/page/banner/5x1000_energoclub2012_rev2.gif" 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termini da cercare." type="text" id="edit-search-block-form--2" name="search_block_form" value="" size="15" maxlength="128" class="form-text" /> </div> <div class="form-actions form-wrapper" id="edit-actions"><input type="submit" id="edit-submit" name="op" value="Cerca" class="form-submit" /></div><input type="hidden" name="form_build_id" value="form-GqS2jrcJa-gbBtqwvvzxilL96jnjg0QiI4lr4ZbMbYk" /> <input type="hidden" name="form_id" value="search_block_form" /> </div> </div></form> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <!-- /.section, /#sidebar-first --> <div id="content" class="column"><div class="section"> <a id="main-content"></a> <h1 class="title" id="page-title"> AFC </h1> <div class="tabs"> </div> <div class="region region-content"> <div id="block-system-main" class="block block-system"> <div class="content"> <div id="node-980" class="node node-page node-full clearfix" about="/page/afc" typeof="foaf:Document"> <span property="dc:title" content="AFC" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span><span property="sioc:num_replies" content="0" datatype="xsd:integer" class="rdf-meta element-hidden"></span> <div class="content clearfix"> <div class="field field-name-body field-type-text-with-summary field-label-hidden"><div class="field-items"><div class="field-item even" property="content:encoded"><div class="contentblock_1" id="block_1221"> <div class="titleBlock"> <strong>Pile a combustibile alcaline:</strong></div> <font face="Verdana" size="2">AFC (Alkali Fuel Cell)<br /> <br /> La soluzione elettrolita e' usualmente una soluzione acquosa di KOH ossia idrossido di potassio. Hanno elettrodi porosi, nelle condizioni più comuni a base di Nichel, meglio se della famiglia del Platino: questo permette ad esse di operare a temperature di esercizio tra i 60 e 100°C.<br /> La chiave per l'innesco della reazione nelle celle è un eccesso di OH-ioni.<br /> <br /> La reazione all'interno di ogni elettrodo:<br /> <br /> <img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116017182968_reazioneanodo.gif" title="" /><img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116051288414_afc_anodo.gif" title="" /><br /> Il gas d'Idrogeno reagisce con gli OH-ioni, producendo acqua e rilasciando elettroni: Gli elettroni percorrono il circuito elettrico connesso alla cella, e giungono al catodo.<br /> <br /> <br /> <img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116017184661_reazionecatodo.gif" title="" /><img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116051290494_afc_catodo.gif" title="" /><br /> Qui gli ioni reagiscono con l'ossigeno e l'acqua producendo ancora OH-ioni per rifornire quelli usati nell'anodo:<br /> <br /> <br /> <img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116017186361_reazionetotale.gif" title="" /><img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116051292038_afc_overall.gif" title="" /><br /> Gli OH-ioni si muovono attraverso la soluzione elettrolita e gli elettroni attraverso il circuito.<br /> L'acqua è prodotta nell'anodo due volte più velocemente quanto più è usata nel catodo. Il catodo è il terminale positivo, gli elettroni scorrono verso di lui.<br /> <br /> <br /> <img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116017151830_carburante.gif" title="" /><br /> Il carburante e' l'idrogeno, in alcuni casi viene usata anche Idrazina.<br /> Non possono operare con Biossido di Carbonio o altri carburanti o ossidanti; perfino la piccola quantità di Biossido di carbonio nell'aria e' inutilizzabile. Per quanto riguarda le potenzialità specifiche delle singole filiere, la tecnologia delle celle alcaline AFC si può considerare ormai matura, ma le caratteristiche di queste pile le rendono adatte solo quando siano disponibili idrogeno e ossigeno puri.<br /> <br /> <br /> <img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116017154120_efficienza.gif" title="" /><br /> Operano a varie temperature, ad esempio sui veicoli spaziali operavano a 250°C.<br /> L'efficienza e' elevata e può arrivare oltre il 70% in esercizio a piena potenza.<br /> Il vantaggio e' che riescono ad avere uno start-up veloce a freddo.<br /> <br /> <br /> <img alt="" border="0" src="/files/doceboCms/media/116017156148_applicazioni.gif" title="" /><br /> A dispetto dell'efficienza il costo dei materiali di costruzione ne impediscono una distribuzione di massa. Esse sono state sperimentate soprattutto in applicazioni spaziali (Apollo, Shuttle ) e militari (sommergibile con celle a combustibile da 100 kW della Siemens ) e di trasporto terrestre (autobus ELENCO, alimentato a idrogeno), ma la mancanza di flessibilità nei riguardi del combustibile da impiegare rallenta il loro sviluppo.</font><br /> <br /> </div> <div class="titleBlock"> Principali società e sviluppi</div> <p>Il principale sviluppatore delle pile a combustibile alcaline è la <a href="http://www.utcfuelcells.com/fs/com/bin/fs_com_PowerHomePage/" style="font-weight: bold;">UTC Power</a><br /> <br /> oltre a fornire i sistemi per gli Shuttle produce sistemi di cogenerazione, anche abbinabili a digestori anaerobici, le taglie sono nell'ordine di 0,1 MW.<br /> la UTC collabora anche con la Hyundai, la Nissan e la BMW per sistemi di trasporto.<br /> <br /> Altre società che stanno sviluppando sistemi con fuel cell di tipo AFC:<br /> <a href="http://www.fuelcellcontrol.com/about.html" style="font-weight: bold;">www.fuelcellcontrol.com</a><span style="font-weight: bold;"> </span><br style="font-weight: bold;" /> <a href="http://www.astrisfuelcell.com/HO/HO00.php" style="font-weight: bold;">www.astrisfuelcell.com</a></p> </div></div></div> <iframe src="//www.facebook.com/plugins/like.php?href=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.energoclub.org%2Fpage%2Fafc&layout=standard&show_faces=true&width=450&font=arial&height=80&action=like&colorscheme=light&locale=it_IT&send=false&share=false" scrolling="no" frameborder="0" style="border: none; overflow: hidden; width: 450px; height: 80px; " allowTransparency="true"></iframe> <div class="g-plusone-wrapper" style="margin: 0 1em 1em 1em;float:right" ><g:plusone href="https://www.energoclub.org/page/afc" size="medium" annotation="bubble" width="250" ></g:plusone></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> <!-- /.section, /#content --> </div></div> <!-- /#main, /#main-wrapper --> <div id="footer-wrapper"><div class="section"> <div id="footer-columns" class="clearfix"> <div class="region region-footer-firstcolumn"> <div id="block-block-23" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <ul> <li><a href="/page/informativa-sulla-privacy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/page/cookie-policy">Cookie Policy</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="region region-footer-secondcolumn"> <div id="block-block-25" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <ul> <li><a href="/user/register">Aderisci a Energoclub</a></li> <li><a href="/socio/rinnova">Rinnova adesione</a></li> <li><a href="/socio/dona">Donazione</a></li> <li><a href="/page/il-5x1000-energoclub-ecco-i-progetti-che-puoi-sostenere">5 x 1000</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#footer-columns --> <div id="footer" class="clearfix"> <div class="region region-footer"> <div id="block-block-1" class="block block-block"> <div class="content"> <center> <p> <a href="http://www.energoclub.it"><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"><b>EnergoClub Onlus</b></span></a><span style="color: rgb(255, 255, 255);"> - Via Isonzo 10 - 31100 Treviso (Italia) - Tel. +39 0422 1991188 - C.F. 94104800266 - P.IVA 04068070269</span></p> </center> </div> </div> </div> </div> <!-- /#footer --> </div></div> <!-- /.section, /#footer-wrapper --> </div></div> <!-- /#page, /#page-wrapper --> <div class="region region-page-bottom"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://apis.google.com/js/plusone.js">{lang:"it"}</script> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> <!--//--><![CDATA[//><!-- window.eu_cookie_compliance_cookie_name = ""; //--><!]]> </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.energoclub.org/files/js/js_jivA82RtTl2Z-nRvtg7e7oQz4m1UgQq2pnwLWV_-jjk.js"></script> </body> </html>