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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">premjesti na bočnu traku</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sakrij</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Početak</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Povijesni_okvir" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povijesni_okvir"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Povijesni okvir</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povijesni_okvir-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Razdoblja_nastanka_i_razvoja_bizantijske_umjetnosti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Razdoblja_nastanka_i_razvoja_bizantijske_umjetnosti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Razdoblja nastanka i razvoja bizantijske umjetnosti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Razdoblja_nastanka_i_razvoja_bizantijske_umjetnosti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rano-bizantska_umjetnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rano-bizantska_umjetnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Rano-bizantska umjetnost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rano-bizantska_umjetnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ikonoklazam" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ikonoklazam"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Ikonoklazam</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ikonoklazam-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kasno-bizantska_umjetnost" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kasno-bizantska_umjetnost"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Kasno-bizantska umjetnost</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kasno-bizantska_umjetnost-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Izvori" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Izvori"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Izvori</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Izvori-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Povezano" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Povezano"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Povezano</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Povezano-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reference" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reference"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Reference</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reference-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vanjske_veze" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vanjske_veze"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Vanjske veze</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vanjske_veze-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Sadržaj" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Prikaži/sakrij sadržaj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Bizantska umjetnost</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Prijedi na druge jezične varijante članka. Dostupno je na 52 jezika" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-52" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">52 jezika</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%86_%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%B7%D9%8A" title="فن بيزنطي — Arapski" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="فن بيزنطي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arapski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_bizant%C3%ADn" title="Arte bizantín — Asturijski" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arte bizantín" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizans_inc%C9%99s%C9%99n%C9%99ti" title="Bizans incəsənəti — Azerbejdžanski" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bizans incəsənəti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbejdžanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%96" title="Мастацтва Візантыі — Beloruski" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Мастацтва Візантыі" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Beloruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Изкуство на Византия — Bugarski" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Изкуство на Византия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bugarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%87%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F" title="बाइजेंटाइन आर्ट — Biharski" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="बाइजेंटाइन आर्ट" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Biharski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="izabrani članci"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantijska_umjetnost" title="Bizantijska umjetnost — Bosanski" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Bizantijska umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_rom%C3%A0_d%27Orient" title="Art romà d'Orient — Katalonski" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Art romà d'Orient" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A9_v%C3%BDtvarn%C3%A9_um%C4%9Bn%C3%AD" title="Byzantské výtvarné umění — Češki" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Byzantské výtvarné umění" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Češki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantinische_Kunst" title="Byzantinische Kunst — Nemački" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Byzantinische Kunst" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Nemački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%92%CF%85%CE%B6%CE%B1%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%BD%CE%AE_%CF%84%CE%AD%CF%87%CE%BD%CE%B7" title="Βυζαντινή τέχνη — Grčki" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Βυζαντινή τέχνη" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grčki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art — Engleski" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Byzantine art" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engleski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizanca_arto" title="Bizanca arto — Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bizanca arto" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_bizantino" title="Arte bizantino — Španski" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arte bizantino" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Španski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantziar_artea" title="Bizantziar artea — Baskijski" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bizantziar artea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="هنر بیزانسی — Persijski" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="هنر بیزانسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="preporučen članak"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysantin_taide" title="Bysantin taide — Finski" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Bysantin taide" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art_byzantin" title="Art byzantin — Francuski" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Art byzantin" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Francuski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eala%C3%ADn_na_Bios%C3%A1inte" title="Ealaín na Biosáinte — Irski" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ealaín na Biosáinte" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_bizantina" title="Arte bizantina — Galski" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arte bizantina" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA_%D7%91%D7%99%D7%96%D7%A0%D7%98%D7%99%D7%AA" title="אמנות ביזנטית — Hebrejski" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנות ביזנטית" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantska_umjetnost" title="Bizantska umjetnost — Hrvatski" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Bizantska umjetnost" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Hrvatski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biz%C3%A1nci_m%C5%B1v%C3%A9szet" title="Bizánci művészet — Mađarski" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Bizánci művészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Mađarski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A6%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A4%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BE%D5%A5%D5%BD%D5%BF" title="Բյուզանդական արվեստ — Jermenski" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բյուզանդական արվեստ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Jermenski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seni_rupa_Romawi_Timur" title="Seni rupa Romawi Timur — Indonezijski" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Seni rupa Romawi Timur" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonezijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_bizantina" title="Arte bizantina — Italijanski" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Arte bizantina" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italijanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%B6%E3%83%B3%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E7%BE%8E%E8%A1%93" title="ビザンティン美術 — Japanski" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビザンティン美術" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%95%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ბიზანტიური ხელოვნება — Gruzijski" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბიზანტიური ხელოვნება" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Gruzijski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%EC%9E%94%ED%8B%B4_%EB%AF%B8%EC%88%A0" title="비잔틴 미술 — Korejski" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비잔틴 미술" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korejski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ars_Byzantina" title="Ars Byzantina — Latinski" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Ars Byzantina" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantijos_menas" title="Bizantijos menas — Litvanski" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Bizantijos menas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litvanski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Византиска уметност — Makedonski" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Византиска уметност" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantijnse_kunst" title="Byzantijnse kunst — Holandski" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Byzantijnse kunst" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysantinsk_kunst" title="Bysantinsk kunst — Norveški njorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bysantinsk kunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norveški njorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysantinsk_kunst" title="Bysantinsk kunst — Norveški bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bysantinsk kunst" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norveški bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sztuka_bizanty%C5%84ska" title="Sztuka bizantyńska — Poljski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sztuka bizantyńska" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Poljski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A_%D9%87%D9%86%D8%B1" title="بازنتيني هنر — Paštunski" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بازنتيني هنر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Paštunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arte_bizantina" title="Arte bizantina — Portugalski" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arte bizantina" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugalski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arta_bizantin%C4%83" title="Arta bizantină — Rumunski" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arta bizantină" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumunski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%81%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Искусство Византии — Ruski" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Искусство Византии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Ruski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_art" title="Byzantine art — Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Byzantine art" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="dobar članak"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantsk%C3%A9_v%C3%BDtvarn%C3%A9_umenie" title="Byzantské výtvarné umenie — Slovački" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Byzantské výtvarné umenie" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizantinska_umetnost" title="Bizantinska umetnost — Slovenački" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Bizantinska umetnost" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenački" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Византијска уметност — Srpski" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Византијска уметност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Srpski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bysantinsk_konst" title="Bysantinsk konst — Švedski" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bysantinsk konst" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Švedski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="பைசன்டியக் கலை — Tamilski" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பைசன்டியக் கலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamilski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9A%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="ศิลปะไบแซนไทน์ — Tajlandski" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศิลปะไบแซนไทน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Tajlandski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bizans_sanat%C4%B1" title="Bizans sanatı — Turski" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bizans sanatı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%96%D0%B9%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BA%D0%B5_%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Візантійське мистецтво — Ukrajinski" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Візантійське мистецтво" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrajinski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngh%E1%BB%87_thu%E1%BA%ADt_Byzantine" title="Nghệ thuật Byzantine — Vijetnamski" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nghệ thuật Byzantine" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vijetnamski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%AE%E1%83%94%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%91%E1%83%90" title="ბიზანტიური ხელუანობა — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ბიზანტიური ხელუანობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%9C%E5%8D%A0%E5%BA%AD%E8%89%BA%E6%9C%AF" title="拜占庭艺术 — Kineski" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="拜占庭艺术" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Kineski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q211884#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Uredi međujezične poveznice" class="wbc-editpage">Uredi veze</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Imenski prostori"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"> <div 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mw-parser-output" lang="sh-Latn" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Christ_Pantocrator_Deesis_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Christ_Pantocrator_Deesis_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg/240px-Christ_Pantocrator_Deesis_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="305" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Christ_Pantocrator_Deesis_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg/360px-Christ_Pantocrator_Deesis_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/Christ_Pantocrator_Deesis_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg/480px-Christ_Pantocrator_Deesis_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2430" data-file-height="3084" /></a><figcaption>Najčuveniji sačuvani Bizantijski mozaik Isusa Hrista (grčki, Hristos Pantocrator) iz 12. vijeka, <a href="/wiki/Aja_Sofija" title="Aja Sofija">Aja Sofija</a>, Konstantinopolj (današnji Istanbul).</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bizantijska umjetnost</b> je naziv za umjetničko stvaralaštvo <a href="/wiki/Bizantijsko_carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizantijsko carstvo">istočnog dijela Rimskog carstva</a> koje je pored <a href="/wiki/Stara_Gr%C4%8Dka" class="mw-redirect" title="Stara Grčka">stare Grčke</a> u kulturnom kontekstu povezivalo i područja istočnog <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mediteranske_zemlje&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mediteranske zemlje (stranica ne postoji)">Sredozemlja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balkansko_poluostrvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Balkansko poluostrvo">Balkanskog poluostrva</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sirija" title="Sirija">Sirije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sjeverna_Afrika" title="Sjeverna Afrika">Sjeverne Afrike</a>, Italije, a kasnije i veliki dio <a href="/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dna_Evropa" title="Istočna Evropa">Istočne Evrope</a> (Bugarska, Rusija, Ukrajina). Tokom 11 vijekova postojanja Bizantijskog carstva ova vrsta <a href="/wiki/Umjetnost" title="Umjetnost">umjetnosti</a> je započela kao rana hrišćanska umjetnost tokom kasne <a href="/wiki/Antika" title="Antika">antike</a> pa sve do pada <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopolj" title="Konstantinopolj">Konstantinopolja</a> <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>. godine u ruke <a href="/wiki/Osmanlijsko_carstvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Osmanlijsko carstvo">Osmanlijskog carstva</a>. Međutim, bizantijska umjetnost je nastavila sa svojom aktivnošću i nakon ovog događaja, vjerno slijedeći bizantijsku tradiciju, samo što je njeno okruženje tada bilo <a href="/wiki/Islamska_umjetnost" title="Islamska umjetnost">islamsko</a>. Tokom svog razvoja u <a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">srednjem vijeku</a> bizantijska umjetnost je bila važan činilac u ukupnom procesu stvaranja posebnog istočnjačkog identiteta Bizantijskog carstva u odnosu na Rim.<sup id="cite_ref-HOE_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOE-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povijesni_okvir">Povijesni okvir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Uredi odjeljak Povijesni okvir" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=1" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povijesni okvir"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:ConstantineEmpire.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ConstantineEmpire.png/350px-ConstantineEmpire.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="231" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ConstantineEmpire.png/525px-ConstantineEmpire.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/ConstantineEmpire.png/700px-ConstantineEmpire.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="493" /></a><figcaption>Rimska imperija za vrijeme vladavine Konstantina Velikog.</figcaption></figure> <p>Godine <a href="/wiki/323" title="323">323</a>. n. e. <a href="/wiki/Konstantin_Veliki" title="Konstantin Veliki">Konstantin Veliki</a> je donio odluku o premještanju sjedišta Rimskog carstva u grčki grad <a href="/wiki/Bizantijum" title="Bizantijum">Bizantijum</a> na <a href="/wiki/Bosfor" title="Bosfor">Bosforu</a>, a koji ċe kasnije biti poznat pod nazivom Konstantinopolj. Izvorni naziv grada je bio na grčkom jeziku Kōnstantinoúpolis (<a href="/wiki/Srpskohrvatski_jezik" title="Srpskohrvatski jezik">Srpskohrvatski jezik</a>, Konstantinov grad), a zvanična titula je bila na <a href="/wiki/Latinski_jezik" title="Latinski jezik">latinskom jeziku</a> Nova Roma (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Novi_Rim_(grad)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Novi Rim (grad) (stranica ne postoji)">Novi Rim</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-BAAI_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BAAI-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ova sudbonosna odluka Konstantina Velikog ċe imati dalekosežne posljedice koje se osjeċaju i do danas. Za samo 6 godina nevjerovatnom brzinom izgrađen je veliki grad koji je ċe postati najbogatiji i najsjajniji grad u <a href="/wiki/Evropa" title="Evropa">Evropi</a> tokom cijelog <a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">Srednjeg vijeka</a>. Preduzimanjem ovog koraka novi rimski car je potvrdio rastuċu ekonomsku i stratešku važnost istočnih provincija (čiji uspon se odvijao veċ duže vremena). Novi glavni grad je oličavao <a href="/w/index.php?title=Hri%C5%A1%C4%87anski&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hrišćanski (stranica ne postoji)">hrišċanske</a> osnove rimske države, jer se veċ nalazio u središtu područja koje je bilo najviše hristijanizirano u odnosu na ostale krajeve carstva. </p><p>Konstantin jedva da je i mogao predvidjeti da ċe svojom odlukom o premještanju središta carstva uzrokovati potpunu podjelu carstva na istočni i zapadni dio. Vladari zapadnog dijela Rimskog carstva su ubrzo nakon toga bili žrtve osvajačkih pohoda <a href="/wiki/Germani" title="Germani">germanskih</a> plemena <a href="/wiki/Isto%C4%8Dni_Goti" class="mw-redirect" title="Istočni Goti">Istočnih Gota</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vandali" title="Vandali">Vandala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Langobardi" title="Langobardi">Langobarda</a> i <a href="/wiki/Zapadni_Goti" title="Zapadni Goti">Zapadnih Gota</a>. Do kraja <a href="/w/index.php?title=6._vijek_n._e.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="6. vijek n. e. (stranica ne postoji)">6. vijeka n. e.</a> nestao je i zadnji trag središnje vlasti zapadnog dijela Rimskog carstva. Nasuprot tome, Bizantijsko carstvo je preživjelo ove napade i za vrijeme vladavine <a href="/wiki/Justinijan_I" title="Justinijan I">Justinijana I</a> (527-565 n. e.) dostiglo je svoj vrhunac moċi i stabilnosti. </p><p>Podjela Rimskog carstva je ubrzo dovela i do vjerske podjele. Za vrijeme vladavine Konstantina Velikog rimski biskup je bio (zasnivajuċi svoj autoritet od apostola <a href="/wiki/Sveti_Petar" title="Sveti Petar">Svetog Petra</a>) vođa (<a href="/wiki/Papa" title="Papa">papa</a>) jedinstvene Hrišċanske crkve. Njegova nadmoċnost u crkvenim poslovima je ubrzo bila negirana od strane patrijarha iz Konstantinopolja, a razlike u crkvenim doktrinama su počele da se produbljuju što ċe u završnici dovesti do podjele ovog religijskog pokreta na zapadno (<a href="/wiki/Katoli%C4%8Danstvo" title="Katoličanstvo">katoličanstvo</a>) i istočno (<a href="/wiki/Pravoslavlje" title="Pravoslavlje">pravoslavlje</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Bizansist_touchup.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bizansist_touchup.jpg/350px-Bizansist_touchup.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bizansist_touchup.jpg/525px-Bizansist_touchup.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Bizansist_touchup.jpg/700px-Bizansist_touchup.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2516" data-file-height="970" /></a><figcaption><b>Konstantinopol</b> iz zlatnog doba Bizanta, autor: <a href="/w/index.php?title=DeliDumrul&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DeliDumrul (stranica ne postoji)">DeliDumrul</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Razlike su postale veoma duboke pri čemu je rimski katolicizam održavao svoju nezavisnost od carskog ili bilo kog državnog autoriteta, time postajuċi međunarodna institucija koja je odslikavala svoj karakter kao jedinstvena crkva. Pravoslavna crkva je nasuprot tome bila zasnovana na jedinstvu duhovnog i sekularnog autoriteta oličenog u caru koji je birao i postavljao patrijarha u Konstantinopolju. Zbog toga je bila zavisna od moċi <a href="/wiki/Dr%C5%BEava" title="Država">države</a> kojoj je bila strogo odana kao i samim svojim vjernicima, a istovremeno je crkvena hijerarhija uživala blagodeti političke moċi. Ovakva ideja o položaju Pravoslavne crkve u okviru Bizantijskog carstva je hrišċanska prilagodba starog antičkog naslijeđa, a koje se može pratiti još od vremena <a href="/wiki/Stari_Egipat" title="Stari Egipat">Starog Egipta</a> i koje je bilo rasprostranjeno širom Bliskog istoka. Za razliku od božanskog karaktera egipatskih faraona i drugih vladara širom Bliskog istoka, bizantijski carevi su bili smatrani od <a href="/wiki/Bog" title="Bog">boga</a> postavljenim vođama crkve i države. Ovu istu ideju su preuzeli i ruski carevi pokušavajući da iskoriste ugled Bizantijskog carstva i da se narodu predstave kao nastavljači stare tradicije, novog "trećeg Rima." <a href="/wiki/Ruska_pravoslavna_crkva" title="Ruska pravoslavna crkva">Ruska pravoslavna crkva</a> je u to vrijeme također bila blisko povezana sa drżavom kao davno nekad bizantijska crkva. Zbog svih ovih vjerskih razloga (čak više nego političkih) historičarima umjetnosti je nemoguće govoriti o jedinstvenom razvoju hrišćanske umjetnosti u okviru cijelog Rimskog carstva. <sup id="cite_ref-HOA_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Razdoblja_nastanka_i_razvoja_bizantijske_umjetnosti">Razdoblja nastanka i razvoja bizantijske umjetnosti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Uredi odjeljak Razdoblja nastanka i razvoja bizantijske umjetnosti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=2" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Razdoblja nastanka i razvoja bizantijske umjetnosti"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rana hrišćanska umjetnost ne označava samo stil, nego više označava bilo koje umjetničko djelo stvarano od strane hrišċana tokom otprilike 500 godina od nastanka hrišċanstva pa sve do odvajanja Pravoslavne crkve. Za razliku od nje, bizantijska umjetnost označava ne samo umjetnost istočnog dijela Rimskog carstva nego i poseban kvalitet ovog stila. Bizantijska umjetnost je bila razvijana u okviru određenih tendencija koje se mogu ustanoviti još od vremena Konstantina Velikog, pa čak i ranije.<sup id="cite_ref-HOA_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-HOA-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prihvatanje hrišċanstva kao zvanične religije Rimskog carstva od strane Konstantina Velikog putem <a href="/wiki/Milanski_edikt" title="Milanski edikt">Milanskog edikta</a> iz 311. označava veliku prekretnicu za hrišċanstvo. Međutim, to se ne odnosi na umjetnost iz tog vremena koja je nastavila da koristi stare ideje, motive i znakove iz tradicionalne rimske religije. Prebacivanje sjedišta Rimskog carstva iz latinskog Rima u helenistički grčki svijet Konstantinopolja 330. n. e. označava mnogo značajniju prekretnicu za umjetnost iz tog vremena nego za samu Crkvu. Taj događaj je približno označio zvanični početak bizantijske umjetnosti. Zbog svega ovoga historičari umjetnosti nisu bili u stanju uspostaviti oštru liniju razdvajanja između rane hrišċanske i bizantijske umjetnosti.<sup id="cite_ref-AOBE_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AOBE-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Zvanična podjela bizantijske umjetnosti na stvaralačka razdoblja: </p> <ul><li><b>Rana bizantijska umjetnost</b> - od 330. n. e. sa premještanjem sjedišta Rimskog carstva iz Rima u Konstantinopolj pa do dolaska na vlast Justinijana I <a href="/wiki/527" title="527">527</a>. n. e.</li> <li><b>Zlatno doba</b> - vrhunac ove umjetnosti ostvaren za vrijeme vladavine Justinijana I pa sve do <a href="/wiki/726" title="726">726</a>. n. e.</li> <li><b>Doba ikonoklazma (ikonoborstva)</b> - od 726. n. e. pa sve do <a href="/wiki/843" title="843">843</a>. n. e</li> <li><b>Makedonska renesansa</b> - od 843. n. e. do <a href="/wiki/1056" title="1056">1056</a>. n. e. jedno od klasičnih perioda bizantijske umjetnosti u kojem je uspješno nastavljeno stvaralaštvo iz zlatnog doba ove umjetnosti.</li> <li><b>Komnensko doba</b> - od 1081. n .e . do <a href="/wiki/1185" title="1185">1185</a>. n. e. umjetnost za vrijeme dinastije Komnena.</li> <li><b>Doba Paleologa</b> - od <a href="/wiki/1261" title="1261">1261</a>. n. e. do <a href="/wiki/1453" title="1453">1453</a>. n. e. umjetnost za vrijeme dinastije Paleologa sve do pada Konstantinopolja.</li></ul> <p><sup id="cite_ref-BA_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BA-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rano-bizantska_umjetnost">Rano-bizantska umjetnost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Uredi odjeljak Rano-bizantska umjetnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=3" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Rano-bizantska umjetnost"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Basilica_of_San_Vitale.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Basilica_of_San_Vitale.jpg/250px-Basilica_of_San_Vitale.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Basilica_of_San_Vitale.jpg/375px-Basilica_of_San_Vitale.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Basilica_of_San_Vitale.jpg/500px-Basilica_of_San_Vitale.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6728" data-file-height="6160" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/San_Vitale" title="San Vitale">San Vitale</a></i> u Raveni, 526.-547.</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Byggnadskonsten,_San_Vitale_i_Ravenna,_Nordisk_familjebok.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Byggnadskonsten%2C_San_Vitale_i_Ravenna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/220px-Byggnadskonsten%2C_San_Vitale_i_Ravenna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Byggnadskonsten%2C_San_Vitale_i_Ravenna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/330px-Byggnadskonsten%2C_San_Vitale_i_Ravenna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/53/Byggnadskonsten%2C_San_Vitale_i_Ravenna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png/440px-Byggnadskonsten%2C_San_Vitale_i_Ravenna%2C_Nordisk_familjebok.png 2x" data-file-width="864" data-file-height="995" /></a><figcaption>Plan crkve San Vitale u Ravenni</figcaption></figure><p> Najznačajniji spomenici rane bizantske umjetnosti se nalaze u talijanskoj <a href="/wiki/Ravenna" title="Ravenna">Ravenni</a> koja je <a href="/wiki/402" title="402">402</a>. g. bila prijestolnicom Zapadno-Rimskog Carstva, a za vrijeme cara Justinijana tu je sjedište bizantske vlasti u Italiji (<a href="/wiki/535" title="535">535</a>. g.). Crkva <i><a href="/wiki/San_Vitale" title="San Vitale">San Vitale</a></i> u Ravenni (526.-547.g.) ima tlocrt osmerokuta iznad čijeg središnjeg dijela je kupola. Središnja lađa komplicirano je povezana s bočnim brodom i to nizom polukružnih niša. Crkva ovakvog tlocrta s kupolom prevladava u <a href="/wiki/Pravoslavlje" title="Pravoslavlje">Pravoslavlju</a> sve od Justinijana, kao što na Zapadu prevladava <a href="/wiki/Bazilika" title="Bazilika">bazilikalni</a> tip crkve. </p><p><b><a href="/wiki/Mozaik" title="Mozaik">Mozaik</a></b>, kao način ukrašavanja zidova u rimskoj umjetnosti, dobio je posebnu važnost u Bizantu i postao posvuda prisutan u carskim i sakralnim građevinama. </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg/250px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="184" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg/375px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg/500px-Meister_von_San_Vitale_in_Ravenna_003.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2024" data-file-height="1489" /></a><figcaption><b>Justinijan s pratnjom</b>, mozaik u apsidi crkve San Vitale, 547. god., 264x365 cm.</figcaption></figure><p> U crkvi <a href="/wiki/San_Vitale" title="San Vitale">San Vitale</a> s obje strane oltara nalaze se raskošni mozaici (<i>Car s pratnjom i Carica s pratnjom</i>) koji simboliziraju i odražavaju moć i slavu carskog dvora. Oni prikazuju <b>Bizantski ideal ljepote</b>: - visoke istanjene figure, ovalnih glava sa prodornim očima, povijenim obrvama, dugog i tankog nosa, malih usta, malih stopala u odnosu na veličinu tijela, te raskošno dekorirane odjeće. Svaka scena je lišena pokreta. Likovi na tim mozaicima su tipizirani, statični, ceremonijalni, ogromnih očiju, a pozadina je zlatna (nebo je uvijek boje zlata u ranom kršćanstvu). </p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg/220px-EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg/330px-EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ed/EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg/440px-EuphrasiusBasilika.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1712" data-file-height="2288" /></a><figcaption><b><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eufrazijana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eufrazijana (stranica ne postoji)">Eufrazijeva bazilika</a></b> u <a href="/wiki/Pore%C4%8D" title="Poreč">Poreču</a>, 553. god.</figcaption></figure><p> Jedini očuvani rano-bizantski spomenik u Hrvatskoj je trobrodna <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eufrazijana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eufrazijana (stranica ne postoji)">Eufrazijeva bazilika</a></i> u <a href="/wiki/Pore%C4%8D" title="Poreč">Poreču</a> iz 5. st., s mozaicima iz 6. st. (npr. <i>portret biskupa Eufrazija</i>). Sama bazilika je najstariji primjer tro<a href="/wiki/Apsida" title="Apsida">apsidalne</a> crkve na zapadu; izvana poligonalna, a iznutra polukružna (bočne apside su utopljene u zidnu masu i to će postati karakteristika <a href="/wiki/Predromanika" title="Predromanika">predromanike</a> i <a href="/wiki/Romanika" title="Romanika">romanike</a>). Nova je bila i tehnika gradnje zidanjem pločastih udrobljenih lomljenica. Mozaici označavaju prekretnicu u prikazivanju - figurativni likovi s frontalnom kompozicijom, izrazito plošni i simetrični, te dostojanstvene smirene geste.,. </p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg/220px-Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="332" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg/330px-Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg/440px-Ayasofya-Innenansicht.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1090" data-file-height="1646" /></a><figcaption><i>Unutrašnjost Aja Sofije</i> u <a href="/wiki/Konstantinopolj" title="Konstantinopolj">Konstantinopolu</a>, 537. god.</figcaption></figure><p> Crkva <i><a href="/wiki/Aja_Sofija" title="Aja Sofija">Aja Sofija</a></i> (532.-537.) u <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Carigradu</a> je najpoznatija građevina ovog razdoblja. Tlocrt je kombinacija uzdužne bazilike i centralnog tipa s <a href="/wiki/Kupola" title="Kupola">kupolom</a> na sredini. Tada najveću kupolu na svijetu podupiru dvije polu-kupole i sferni (kružni) trokuti zvani pandativi. Kupola je prošarana prozorima i svjetlucavim mozaicima pa se čini kao da je bez težine. Izvana je volumen zatvoren ravnim geometrijskim plohama, dok je iznutra zid potpuno dematerijaliziran mramornim oplatama i mozaicima dajući mu slikarski karakter. </p><p>U kasnijim razdobljima bizantske arhitekture javlja se nekoliko tipova crkava, smanjuju se veliki jedinstveni prostori (koji su dothumbrali u zlatnom dobu), a vanjska obrada volumena dobiva na važnosti gdje se javljaju i ornamentalni ukrasi od opeke (npr. <i>Crkva sv. Luke</i> u Fokidi, <a href="/wiki/Gr%C4%8Dka" title="Grčka">Grčka</a>, ili <i>sv. Pantelejmon</i> kod <a href="/wiki/Skoplje" title="Skoplje">Skopja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Makedonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Makedonija">Makedonija</a>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Vladimirskaya.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vladimirskaya.jpg/220px-Vladimirskaya.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="329" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vladimirskaya.jpg/330px-Vladimirskaya.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/Vladimirskaya.jpg/440px-Vladimirskaya.jpg 2x" data-file-width="456" data-file-height="681" /></a><figcaption><i>Vladimirova Gospa</i>, <a href="/wiki/Ikona" title="Ikona">ikona</a> iz 12. st., <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>.</figcaption></figure><p> U unutrašnjosti se zidovi crkava ukrašavaju pored mozaika i freskama, a glavni brod je naglašen <a href="/wiki/Ikonostas" title="Ikonostas">ikonostasom</a>. <b><a href="/wiki/Ikonostas" title="Ikonostas">Ikonostas</a></b> je oltarna pregrada koja dijeli svetište od ostalog prostora crkve, a čine je kameni <a href="/wiki/Plutej_(skulptura)" title="Plutej (skulptura)">pluteji</a> ili ikone. <b><a href="/wiki/Ikona" title="Ikona">Ikone</a></b> su prenosive slike na platnenoj ili češće drvenoj podlozi. One su rađene po vrlo strogim pravilima prikazivanja likova – po njima prozvanim <a href="/wiki/Ikonografija" title="Ikonografija">ikonografskim</a> pravilima. </p><p>Kiparstvo je u bizantskoj umjetnosti bilo potisnuto, osim male plastike izvedene u slonovoj kosti (<a href="/wiki/Slonova%C4%8Da" title="Slonovača">bjelokost</a>) i metalu (<a href="/wiki/Emajl" title="Emajl">emajl</a>) s izrazitom plošnošću. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ikonoklazam">Ikonoklazam</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Uredi odjeljak Ikonoklazam" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=4" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Ikonoklazam"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Vjernici su obožavali <a href="/wiki/Ikona" title="Ikona">ikone</a> i kipove, ljubeći i moleći ispred njih, vjerujući kako da će im molitve biti djelotvornije – što su vjerske vođe tumačile kao nastavak poganskog idolopoklonstva. Tako dolazi do velikih razmirica između <b>ikonoboraca</b> (protivnici ikona) i <b>ikonofila</b> (pristalice ikona), što je kulthumbralo <a href="/wiki/726" title="726">726</a>. g. zabranom upotrebe ikona od strane cara <a href="/w/index.php?title=Leon_III.&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leon III. (stranica ne postoji)">Leona III.</a> To vrijeme katastrofalnih sukoba, uništavanja mozaika i fresaka, devastacije samostana, ali i progona svećenika i ikonofila, nazivamo doba <b>ikonoklazma</b>. Bizantsko Carstvo se stalno branilo od napada <a href="/wiki/Islam" title="Islam">Islamskih</a> naroda, pa je ovaj zakon bio i političke prirode, jer se podilazilo Islamskoj zabrani prikazivanja svetih likova. </p><p>Napuštanjem sakralnih motiva posezalo se za seoskim motivima, prirode, motivima lova, svakodnevice ili <a href="/wiki/Apstrakcija" title="Apstrakcija">apstraktne</a> <a href="/wiki/Ornament" title="Ornament">ornamentike</a>. Procvata profane umjetnosti se najjasnije očituje u ukrašavanju carskih <a href="/wiki/Palata" class="mw-redirect" title="Palata">palača</a> (pločice, sagovi ...) jer su se carevi nadmetali u raskoši s islamskim <a href="/wiki/Bagdad" title="Bagdad">bagdadskim</a> <a href="/wiki/Kalif" title="Kalif">kalifima</a>. </p><p>God. <a href="/wiki/843" title="843">843</a>., spor je završio pobjedom štovalaca slika i dolazi do procvata slikarstva pod Makedonskom dinastijom. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kasno-bizantska_umjetnost">Kasno-bizantska umjetnost</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Uredi odjeljak Kasno-bizantska umjetnost" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=5" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Kasno-bizantska umjetnost"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Početkom 10. st. potpuno će se ustoličiti tipična građevina Bizanta, to je crkva tlocrta upisanog grčkog križa (istokrakog) u osnovu <a href="/wiki/Kvadrat" title="Kvadrat">kvadrata</a>. Kupole će povećati svoj <b>tambur</b> (donji okvir kupole) i na tom visokom tamburu otvorit će se mnogi prozori te tako obasjati tu građevinu građenu potpuno bez prozora na zidu. </p><p>Takav tip crkve je i crkva <b>Sv. Marko</b> u <a href="/wiki/Venecija" title="Venecija">Veneciji</a> (<a href="/wiki/1063" title="1063">1063</a>.), iako nije bila pod vlašću Bizanta, bila je pod direktnim umjetničkim utjecajem. Ona ima osnovu grčkog križa upisanog u osnovu kvadrata i kupole iznad središnjeg kvadrata i svakog kraka križa - odlike bizantske gradnje. Venecijanske kupole nemaju tambur nego su obložene drvenim krovovima. Unutrašnjost je vrlo prostrana i ukrašena mozaicima. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:Meister_von_Mileseva_001.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meister_von_Mileseva_001.jpg/220px-Meister_von_Mileseva_001.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meister_von_Mileseva_001.jpg/330px-Meister_von_Mileseva_001.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Meister_von_Mileseva_001.jpg/440px-Meister_von_Mileseva_001.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1576" data-file-height="2062" /></a><figcaption><b>Anđeo iz Manastira Mileševo</b> u jugozapadnoj <a href="/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija">Srbiji</a>, 14. st.</figcaption></figure><p> Iako nam se Bizantska umjetnost, zbog svog dugog kontinuiteta doimlje statičnom i nepromijenjenom, možemo uočiti neke razlike. Tako za vrijeme <b>Komnenske dinastije</b> umjetnost ima obilježja <a href="/wiki/Romanika" title="Romanika">romanike</a> na Zapadu: vodoravno stremljenje, načelo zbrajanja relativno samostalnih dijelova, plošno slikarstvo jednostavnih kompozicija ..., dok umjetnost u <b>doba Paleologa</b> teži građenju u visinu, naraciji u slikarstvu, izraženijoj osjećajnosti ..., što podjeća na <a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">Gotiku</a>. </p><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Datoteka:St_Basils_Cathedral-500px.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_Basils_Cathedral-500px.jpg/250px-St_Basils_Cathedral-500px.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/St_Basils_Cathedral-500px.jpg/375px-St_Basils_Cathedral-500px.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ec/St_Basils_Cathedral-500px.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="630" /></a><figcaption><b>Crkva sv. Basila</b>, <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskva</a>, 1561. god.</figcaption></figure><p> U 13. st. Carigrad pada u ruke <a href="/wiki/Kri%C5%BEarski_ratovi" title="Križarski ratovi">križara</a> i formira se <b>latinsko carstvo</b>, što dovodi do intenzivnijeg razvoja umjetničke djelatnosti u periferiji Bizanta kao što je <a href="/wiki/Makedonija" class="mw-redirect" title="Makedonija">Makedonija</a>, <a href="/wiki/Srbija" title="Srbija">Srbija</a> i <a href="/wiki/Rusija" title="Rusija">Rusija</a>. U Srbiji nastaju crkve <b>„Raške škole“</b> u kojoj se osjete utjecaji romanike. Dok <b>Crkva Manastira Gračanice</b> na <a href="/wiki/Kosovo" title="Kosovo">Kosovu</a> (<a href="/wiki/1315" title="1315">1315</a>. god.) zbog svoje visine podsjeća na gotičku gradnju. Ona ima predulaz spojen s centralnim prostor om kvadratnog tlocrta (upisan grčki križ) koji je izvana naglašen stupnjevanjem četiri manje kupole iz kojih se u sredini izdvaja peta – najviša i najveća. Sjajan ritam nižih i viših tijela koja skoro ne izlaze iz kvadratne osnove. </p><p>Kada se <a href="/wiki/Pravoslavlje" title="Pravoslavlje">pravoslavlje</a> potpuno proširilo na teritoriju današnje Rusije počelo se sve više graditi u drvetu, a pomalo se mijenjao i Bizantski tip crkve. Kupola će postajati sve više, veće i raskošnije, i umnožavat će se (oblik lukovice uveo se zbog lakšeg otpora snijegu). O tome svjedoči najreprezentativniji primjer Bizantske arhitekture tzv. <b>Saborna crkva sv. Basila blaženog</b> u <a href="/wiki/Moskva" title="Moskva">Moskvi</a> (<a href="/wiki/1555" title="1555">1555</a>.-<a href="/wiki/1561" title="1561">1561</a>. god.). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Izvori">Izvori</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Uredi odjeljak Izvori" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=6" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Izvori"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=%C5%A0ablon:Portal_Likovna_umjetnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Šablon:Portal Likovna umjetnost (stranica ne postoji)">Šablon:Portal Likovna umjetnost</a> </p> <ul><li>J. Beckwith, <i>Early Christian and Byzantine art</i> (New Haven, 1993).</li> <li>R. Cormack, <i>Byzantine art</i> (Oxford, 2000).</li> <li>H.C. Evans, ed., <i>Byzantium: faith and power (1261-1557)</i> (New York, 2004).</li> <li>H.C. Evans, ed., <i>The glory of Byzantium</i> (New York, 1997).</li> <li>Sharon E. J. Gerstel and Julie A. Lauffenburger, ed., <i>A Lost Art Rediscovered</i> (Penn State, 2001) <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-271-02139-X" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-271-02139-X">0-271-02139-X</a></li> <li>C. Mango, ed., <i>The art of the Byzantine Empire, 312-1453: sources and documents</i> (Englewood Cliffs, 1972).</li> <li>K. Weitzmann, ed., <i>Age of spirituality</i> (New York, 1979).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Povezano">Povezano</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Uredi odjeljak Povezano" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=7" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Povezano"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rimska_umjetnost" title="Rimska umjetnost">Rimska umjetnost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Predromanika" title="Predromanika">Predromanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanika" title="Romanika">Romanika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">Gotika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikona" title="Ikona">Ikona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozaik" title="Mozaik">Mozaik</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reference">Reference</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Uredi odjeljak Reference" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=8" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Reference"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41378145">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-HOE-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-HOE_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Heaven on Earth, Art and the Church in Byzantium, Linda Safran, izdavač The Pensylvania State University Press, 1998. godine, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-271-01669-8" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-271-01669-8">0-271-01669-8</a> str. 2-19</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BAAI-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BAAI_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Byzantine Art and Architecture, an Introduction, Lyn Rodley, izdavač Cambridge University Press, 1994. godine, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-521-35440-4" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-521-35440-4">0-521-35440-4</a>, str. 8-78</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-HOA-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HOA_3-0">3,0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-HOA_3-1">3,1</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text">History of Art, Horst Waldemar Janson, izdavač Harry N. Abrams u New York City, prvo izdanje objavljeno 1962. godine, <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-13-389270-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-13-389270-0">0-13-389270-0</a>, str 157-183</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AOBE-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-AOBE_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Art of the Byzantine Era, David Talbot Rice, izdavač Frederick A. Praeger Inc. New York City 1963. godine, Kongresna biblioteka SAD-a pod brojem 63-16444, str. 9-15</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BA-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-BA_5-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Byzantine Art, Robin Cormack, Oxford University Press, objavljena 2000., <a href="/wiki/ISBN" title="ISBN">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Posebno:Tra%C5%BEi_ISBN/0-19-284211-0" title="Posebno:Traži ISBN/0-19-284211-0">0-19-284211-0</a>, str. 3-15, 20-35</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vanjske_veze">Vanjske veze</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Uredi odjeljak Vanjske veze" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>uredi</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bizantska_umjetnost&action=edit&section=9" title="Uredi kôd odjeljka Vanjske veze"><span>uredi kod</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="infobox sisterproject" style="width: 300px"> <div style="float: left;"><figure class="mw-halign-none" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Byzantine_art" title="commons:Category:Byzantine art"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/15px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/23px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div style="margin-left: 20px;"><i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Byzantine_art" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Byzantine art">Bizantska umjetnost</a></b></i> na <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Glavna_stranica_-_%D0%93%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" class="extiw" title="commons:Glavna stranica - Главна страница">Wikimedijinoj ostavi</a> </div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.metmuseum.org/special/se_event.asp?OccurrenceId={9A19B99B-ECDE-4EF0-A021-01168C413561}"><i>Byzantium, Faith and Power, 1261-1453</i></a>. Izložba u <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan" title="Metropolitan">Metropolitan</a> muzeju u <a href="/wiki/New_York" title="New York">New Yorku</a> (2004).</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9018408/Byzantine-art">"Byzantine art"</a>, iz <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i> Online.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/BUN_CAL/BYZANTINE_ART.html">"Byzantine art"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20061028121407/http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/BUN_CAL/BYZANTINE_ART.html">Arhivirano</a> 2006-10-28 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a>, preuzeto iz <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a> iz 1911.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doaks.org/EconHist/EHB22.pdf">Anthony Cutler on the economic history of Byzantine mosaics, wall-paintings and icons; at Dumbarton Oaks.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070317045056/http://www.doaks.org/EconHist/EHB22.pdf">Arhivirano</a> 2007-03-17 na <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine-u</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r41348688">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 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href="/wiki/Razdoblja_i_pravci_zapadne_umjetnosti" class="mw-redirect" title="Razdoblja i pravci zapadne umjetnosti">Periodi i pravci zapadne umjetnosti</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stari_vijek" title="Stari vijek">Stari vijek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Egejska_umjetnost" title="Egejska umjetnost">egejska umjetnost</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Etru%C5%A1%C4%8Danska_umjetnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Etruščanska umjetnost">etruščanska umjetnost</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Umjetnost_stare_Gr%C4%8Dke" class="mw-redirect" title="Umjetnost stare Grčke">umjetnost stare Grčke</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Umjetnost_starog_Rima" class="mw-redirect" title="Umjetnost starog Rima">umjetnost starog Rima</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Ranokr%C5%A1%C4%87anska_umjetnost" class="mw-redirect" title="Ranokršćanska umjetnost">ranokršćanska umjetnost</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Srednji_vijek" title="Srednji vijek">Srednji vijek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">bizantska umjetnost</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Predromanika" title="Predromanika">predromanika</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Karolin%C5%A1ka_renesansa" title="Karolinška renesansa">karolinška renesansa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Otonska_renesansa" title="Otonska renesansa">otonska renesansa</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Starohrvatska_umjetnost&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Starohrvatska umjetnost (stranica ne postoji)">starohrvatska umjetnost</a>)</small>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Romanika" title="Romanika">romanika</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Romani%C4%8Dka_arhitektura" title="Romanička arhitektura">arhitektura romanike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiparstvo_romanike" title="Kiparstvo romanike">kiparstvo romanike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slikarstvo_romanike" title="Slikarstvo romanike">slikarstvo romanike</a>)</small>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Gotika" title="Gotika">gotika</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Arhitektura_gotike" class="mw-redirect" title="Arhitektura gotike">arhitektura gotike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kiparstvo_gotike" title="Kiparstvo gotike">kiparstvo gotike</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slikarstvo_gotike" title="Slikarstvo gotike">slikarstvo gotike</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Novi_vijek" title="Novi vijek">Novi vijek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Renesansa" title="Renesansa">renesansa</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Rana_renesansa" title="Rana renesansa">rana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Visoka_renesansa" title="Visoka renesansa">visoka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sjevernoevropska_renesansa" title="Sjevernoevropska renesansa">sjevernoevropska</a>)</small>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Manirizam" title="Manirizam">manirizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Barok" title="Barok">barok</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Barokna_arhitektura" title="Barokna arhitektura">barokna arhitektura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barokno_kiparstvo" title="Barokno kiparstvo">barokno kiparstvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barokno_slikarstvo" title="Barokno slikarstvo">barokno slikarstvo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Barokna_glazba" class="mw-redirect" title="Barokna glazba">barokna glazba</a>)</small>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Rokoko" title="Rokoko">rokoko</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Neoklasicizam" title="Neoklasicizam">neoklasicizam</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Directoire" title="Directoire">directoire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ampir" title="Ampir">ampir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bidermajer" title="Bidermajer">bidermajer</a>)</small></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Modernizam" title="Modernizam">Modernizam</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Romantizam" title="Romantizam">romantizam</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Knji%C5%BEevnost_romantizma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Književnost romantizma (stranica ne postoji)">književnost romantizma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Slikarstvo_romantizma" title="Slikarstvo romantizma">slikarstvo romantizma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romantizam_(muzika)" title="Romantizam (muzika)">muzika romantizma</a>, <a href="/wiki/Historicizam" title="Historicizam">historicizam</a>)</small>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Prerafaeliti" title="Prerafaeliti">prerafaeliti</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Realizam" class="mw-disambig" title="Realizam">realizam</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Realizam_(knji%C5%BEevnost)" title="Realizam (književnost)">književnost</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realizam_(likovna_umjetnost)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realizam (likovna umjetnost) (stranica ne postoji)">likovna umjetnost</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Realizam_(glazbena_umjetnost)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Realizam (glazbena umjetnost) (stranica ne postoji)">glazbena umjetnost</a>, <a href="/wiki/Verizam" title="Verizam">verizam</a>)</small> <a href="/wiki/Naturalizam" title="Naturalizam">naturalizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Impresionizam" title="Impresionizam">impresionizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Postimpresionizam" title="Postimpresionizam">postimpresionizam</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Sintetizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sintetizam (stranica ne postoji)">sintetizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poentilizam" title="Poentilizam">poentilizam</a>)</small>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Simbolizam" title="Simbolizam">simbolizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Parnasovstvo" title="Parnasovstvo">parnasovstvo</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Arts_and_Crafts" title="Arts and Crafts">Arts and Crafts</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Secesija" class="mw-disambig" title="Secesija">secesija</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Be%C4%8Dka_moderna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bečka moderna (stranica ne postoji)">bečka moderna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/20._vijek" title="20. vijek">20. vijek</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Fovizam" title="Fovizam">fovizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Ekspresionizam" title="Ekspresionizam">ekspresionizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Naiva" title="Naiva">naiva</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Kubizam" title="Kubizam">kubizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Orfizam" class="mw-disambig" title="Orfizam">orfizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Vorticizam" title="Vorticizam">vorticizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Purizam" class="mw-disambig" title="Purizam">purizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Internacionalni_stil" title="Internacionalni stil">internacionalni stil</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Apstraktna_umjetnost" title="Apstraktna umjetnost">apstraktna umjetnost</a> <small>(<a href="/wiki/Suprematizam" title="Suprematizam">suprematizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/De_Stijl" title="De Stijl">De Stijl</a>, <a href="/wiki/Konstruktivizam_(umjetnost)" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstruktivizam (umjetnost)">konstruktivizam</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinkromizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinkromizam (stranica ne postoji)">sinkromizam</a>)</small>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Futurizam" title="Futurizam">futurizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Dadaizam" title="Dadaizam">dadaizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Metafizi%C4%8Dko_slikarstvo" title="Metafizičko slikarstvo">metafizičko slikarstvo</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Nadrealizam" title="Nadrealizam">nadrealizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Apstraktni_ekspresionizam" title="Apstraktni ekspresionizam">apstraktni ekspresionizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Kineti%C4%8Dka_umjetnost" title="Kinetička umjetnost">kinetička umjetnost</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Pop_art" class="mw-redirect" title="Pop art">pop art</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Op_art" title="Op art">op art</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Ta%C5%A1izam" title="Tašizam">tašizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Informel" title="Informel">informel</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Neorealizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neorealizam (stranica ne postoji)">neorealizam</a> <small>(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Precizionizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Precizionizam (stranica ne postoji)">precizionizam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fotorealizam" title="Fotorealizam">fotorealizam</a>)</small>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Minimalizam" title="Minimalizam">minimalizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Konceptualna_umjetnost" title="Konceptualna umjetnost">konceptualna umjetnost</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Land_art" title="Land art">Land art</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Postmoderna" class="mw-redirect" title="Postmoderna">postmoderna</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Povezano</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Larpurlartizam" title="Larpurlartizam">larpurlartizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Esteticizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Esteticizam (stranica ne postoji)">esteticizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dekadentizam&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dekadentizam (stranica ne postoji)">dekadentizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Avangarda" title="Avangarda">avangarda</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Funkcionalizam" title="Funkcionalizam">funkcionalizam</a>  <span style="font-weight:bold;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Eklekticizam" title="Eklekticizam">eklekticizam</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles nomobile"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r41348688"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Normativna_kontrola_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Uredi_na_Wikidati_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211884#&#124;Uredi_na_Wikidati" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" 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