Wikipedia:Page name

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.hatnote{display:none!important}}</style> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For the policy on choosing the best title for a Wikipedia article, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For a brief explanation of "page name" and "pagename", see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Page name">Help:Page name</a>. </div> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none"> Wikipedia information page </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style> <table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"> <tbody> <tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/60px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/80px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620"></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text"> <div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"> <b>This is an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#How-to_and_information_pages" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">information page</a>.</b><br> <div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is not an <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">encyclopedic article</a>, nor one of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</a>; rather, its purpose is to explain certain aspects of Wikipedia's norms, customs, technicalities, or practices. It may reflect differing levels of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">consensus</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Achieving_consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">vetting</a>. </div> </div></td> <td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="WP:PNAME"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:PNAME%26redirect%3Dno">WP:PNAME</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Pagename_explanation2.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f3/Pagename_explanation2.png" decoding="async" width="270" height="130" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="130"></a> <figcaption> Name of a Wikipedia article. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikilink?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikilink">wikilink</a> for that article is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Salvo_D%27Acquisto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Salvo D'Acquisto">Salvo D'Acquisto</a>, and the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/URL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="URL">URL</a> is <a class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvo_D'Acquisto">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvo_D'Acquisto</a> </figcaption> </figure> <p><i><b>Page name</b></i> is a term that is used to refer to any page that is sent from a Wikipedia <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Database?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Database">database</a>. It does not usually refer to <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Virtual_namespaces" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">virtual namespaces</a>, like Special or Media pages. The page name is normally the same as the <i>displayed title</i>, shown on the title line, near the top of the page, in a large font size. The displayed title can, however, be altered slightly from the page name without affecting things much; see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Changing_the_displayed_title">Changing the displayed title</a> below.</p> <p>Page names are used to title pages, to navigate to pages, to search for pages, and for things like <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">transclusion</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Substitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Substitution">substitution</a>. Page names also conveniently serves as link names in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikitext?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikitext">wikitext</a>, if enclosed in double square brackets, like <code>[[Page name]]</code>. If a page is moved, the page name will also move.</p> <p>Page names are also the same as the last part of the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/URL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="URL">URL</a> of Wikipedia pages, that is, after the last slash (/); except that some translation occurs, such as spaces being replaced with underscores. For example, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Main_Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Main Page">Main page</a> of Wikipedia has no title, but a link can be formed from the last part of the URL, such as <code>[[Main_Page]]</code> or <code>[[Main Page]]</code>. The <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MediaWiki_software?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="MediaWiki software">MediaWiki software</a>, which drives Wikipedia, will interpret all the possible URL characters correctly; see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Spaces,_underscores,_and_character_encoding">Spaces, underscores, and character encoding</a>, below. But with pages in the revision-history database, URLs are different, and only the full URL can be linked; the URL includes the page name, but also an <i>oldid</i> value, in the permanent and unique form <code>Page_name&oldid=value</code>. See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Page_history?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Page history">Help:Page history</a> for more details.</p> <p>The MediaWiki software set in motion the terminology of page names when they stored aspects of the page name in three "<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Magic words">magic words</a>": <code>{{NAMESPACE}}</code>, <code>{{PAGENAME}}</code>, and <code>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</code>. We now write that a <i>fullpagename</i> is "<i>namespace</i>:<i>pagename</i>" to refer to those aspects of a page name. Their content management uses namespaces, and it embeds the namespace name in the title for each page except for the main content, for which the namespace aspect is hidden. Wikipedia <i>articles</i> have no namespace because they are <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Content?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Content">the main purpose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Wikipedia, then an article's page name has a <i>fullpagename</i> of <i>pagename</i>, but outside the main namespace, the MediaWiki titles don't hide the namespace name, so there the <i>page name</i> (or <i>fullpagename</i>) show as <i>namespace</i>:<i>pagename</i> with a colon between. This makes a few restrictions on pagenames, which we fully cover.</p> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Namespace, pagename, and fullpagename</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-2"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Use_cases"><span class="tocnumber">1.1</span> <span class="toctext">Use cases</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Subpagename_and_basepagename"><span class="tocnumber">1.2</span> <span class="toctext">Subpagename and basepagename</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-4"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Titles_in_the_Special_and_Media_namespaces"><span class="tocnumber">1.3</span> <span class="toctext">Titles in the Special and Media namespaces</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Magic_words_and_page_name"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Magic words and page name</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#FULLPAGENAME,_fullpagename_and_page_name"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">FULLPAGENAME, fullpagename and page name</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#PAGENAME_and_pagename"><span class="tocnumber">2.2</span> <span class="toctext">PAGENAME and pagename</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#NAMESPACE_and_namespace"><span class="tocnumber">2.3</span> <span class="toctext">NAMESPACE and namespace</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-9"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Subpages"><span class="tocnumber">2.4</span> <span class="toctext">Subpages</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Some_examples"><span class="tocnumber">2.5</span> <span class="toctext">Some examples</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-11"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Related_magic_words"><span class="tocnumber">2.6</span> <span class="toctext">Related magic words</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-12"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Technical_restrictions_and_limitations"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Technical restrictions and limitations</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-13"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Changing_the_displayed_title"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Changing the displayed title</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-14"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Draft_articles"><span class="tocnumber">4.1</span> <span class="toctext">Draft articles</span></a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-15"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Alphabetical_order"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Alphabetical order</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-16"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Spaces,_underscores,_and_character_encoding"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">Spaces, underscores, and character encoding</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-17"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#See_also"><span class="tocnumber">7</span> <span class="toctext">See also</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-18"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Notes"><span class="tocnumber">8</span> <span class="toctext">Notes</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename" data-mw-thread-id="h-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"><span id="Namespace.2C_pagename.2C_and_fullpagename"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"></span>Namespace, pagename, and fullpagename<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p><span class="anchor" id="Namespace_and_base_name"></span><span class="anchor" id="fullpagename"></span><span class="anchor" id="namespace"></span><span class="anchor" id="pagename"></span></p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/File:Pagename_explanation_en-wikibooks.png?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pagename_explanation_en-wikibooks.png/220px-Pagename_explanation_en-wikibooks.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="68" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="310" data-file-height="96"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 68px;" data-mw-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Pagename_explanation_en-wikibooks.png/220px-Pagename_explanation_en-wikibooks.png" data-width="220" data-height="68" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/63/Pagename_explanation_en-wikibooks.png 1.5x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </span></a> <figcaption> The page name is <i>Help:Categories</i>. The pagename is <i>Categories</i>. </figcaption> </figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="WP:PGN"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:PGN%26redirect%3Dno">WP:PGN</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <p>The terminology for referencing pages is set by the MediaWiki software, where three <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Variable_(computer_science)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Variable (computer science)">variables</a> name every page: <i>pagename</i>, <i>namespace</i>, and <i>fullpagename</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that "pagename" (without a space in the middle), has a different meaning than "page name"</p> <p>A title is a "page name" and, always as well, a "fullpagename". Both terms are equally synonymous with <i>title</i>. Because a namespace is just a way of categorizing the functional purpose (or type) of a set of pages, it could be argued that the pagename is the title <i>proper</i>, and in the most important case it is: for articles, a "page name" is a "pagename". This is made true by having the default namespace (when no <i>namespace</i> is given) be article space (or mainspace), so that for an article <i>fullpagename</i> is just <i>pagename</i>.</p> <p>The analogy to common, everyday computing is the following. 1) the search box is the command line interface of a terminal. 2) Article namespace is always the current working directory. 3) Each namespace is one directory below. This way an article title is always a simple basename, and a <i>namespace:pagename</i> is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dirname?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dirname">dirname</a>/<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Basename?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Basename">basename</a>. The two exceptions are that 1) Special pages are not in the database (or "on the disk"), so their title does not follow the scheme: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:SpecialPages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:SpecialPages">special pages</a> show no namespace like all other titles do, and 2) wrapping a pagename in double curly braces switches to the Template namespace (or directory) as the default.</p> <p>Navigating from the search box requires a fullpagename, for example the Potato article is <kbd>potato</kbd>, and the Potato template is <kbd>Template:Potato</kbd>.</p> <p>The article namespaces needs no name <i>normally</i>, but, for advancing users, the name of article space is <b><big>:</big></b> (a colon), found in these common uses:</p> <ul> <li>In <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Searching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Searching">the search box</a> (for users who reset their default search domain): <ul> <li><code><b><big>:</big></b> <i>query</i></code> indicates a query in article space only, just as <span class="nowrap"> </span><kbd>Template: <i>query</i></kbd><span class="nowrap"> </span> indicates the Template namespace.</li> <li>as the first character in the argument to the <i>prefix:</i> parameter: <kbd>prefix:<b><big>:</big></b></kbd> (compare <kbd>prefix:Template:</kbd>)</li> </ul></li> <li>On a page in the wikitext: <ul> <li>{{<b><big>:</big></b><i>pagename</i>}} to transclude a page from article space</li> <li>{{subst:<b><big>:</big></b><i>pagename</i>}} to substitute a page from article space</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>A given namespace is required to name (or reference) a page on Wikipedia that is not in article space, because the wiki can have the same pagename in many different namespaces, for example <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Category?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Category">Help:Category</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Category?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Category">Wikipedia:Category</a>. The Wikipedia term <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Namespace"><i>namespace</i></a> derives from the computer science concept of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Namespace">namespace</a>. It can be thought as specifying a collection of pages serving a functional purpose, such as templates, or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> software messages, with each individual page specified by a pagename that is unique <i>for that collection</i>.</p> <p>A <i><code>fullpagename</code></i> is a <code><i>namespace</i>:<i>pagename</i></code>: a namespace name followed by a colon, then a pagename.</p> <ul> <li>In article space a fullpagename is a pagename. (The namespace part defaults to article space.)</li> <li>In all other namespaces a fullpagename is a namespace:pagename.</li> <li>Fullpagename, page name, and the page's displayed title are always the same letters (keys on the keyboard). (Except see DISPLAYTITLE below)</li> <li>In a URLs it is the fullpagename that is encoded.</li> <li>In the revision history database the same fullpagename is commensurate with all the <i>oldid</i> number.</li> </ul> <p>For more helpful examples:</p> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Wikipedia:Disambiguation</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Disambiguation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Disambiguation">Help:Disambiguation</a>: <ul> <li>The page name and fullpagename <code>Wikipedia:Disambiguation</code>, has <code>Wikipedia</code> as namespace, and <code>Disambiguation</code> as pagename.</li> <li>The page name and fullpagename <code>Help:Disambiguation</code>, has <code>Help</code> as namespace, and <code>Disambiguation</code> as pagename.</li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Copyright">Copyright</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Copyright">Help:Copyright</a> <ul> <li>The page <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Copyright">Help:Copyright</a> has <code>Help:Copyright</code> as page name and fullpagename; <code>Help</code> as namespace; and <code>Copyright</code> as pagename.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Use_cases" data-mw-thread-id="h-Use_cases-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Use_cases-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"></span>Use cases<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Use_cases-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"></span></h3> </div> <p>Terminology is an organization's way to communicate quickly. The terms "fullpagename" and "pagename" in italics specify the variable type, for example:</p> <ul> <li>The statements: "Writing <code>{{Template:<i>pagename</i>}}</code> is redundant. Why use <code>{{<i>fullpagename</i>}}</code>, when <code>{{<i>pagename</i>}}</code> will suffice?"</li> </ul> <ul> <li>The instructions: "Add a level 3 header (i.e. <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-moin mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="gh">===</span> <span class="k">[[Example title]]</span> <span class="gh">===</span></code>) with the namespace if not an article."<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> </ul> <dl> <dd> could be written more succinctly </dd> <dd> "Add <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-moin mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr"><span class="gh">===</span> <span class="k">[[fullpagename]]</span> <span class="gh">===</span></code>" </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Documenting template parameters that take a namespaces and a series of different pagenames:</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <code> <i>namespace</i> | <i>pagename</i> | <i>pagename</i> ... | <i>pagename</i> </code> </dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Or if it cannot be made clear, then resort to numbering:</li> </ul> <dl> <dd> <code> <i>fullpagename1</i> | <i>fullpagename2</i> ... | <i>fullpagenameN</i></code>. </dd> </dl> <p>For more examples of these lowercased terms in template documentation see the searches <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dtemplate%253A%2Bfullpagename%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">template: fullpagename</a></span> and <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dtemplate%253A%2Bpagename%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">template: pagename</a></span>.</p> <p><br></p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Subpagename_and_basepagename" data-mw-thread-id="h-Subpagename_and_basepagename-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subpagename_and_basepagename-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"></span>Subpagename and basepagename<span class="anchor" id="sub"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subpagename_and_basepagename-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"></span></h3> </div> <p>The terminology for referencing a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">subpage</a> (and its parent page) is suggested by the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Magic words">MediaWiki software</a>'s {{SUBPAGENAME}} (and {{BASEPAGENAME}}). These can be a clear and concise way to talk about <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">subpages</a>. See where <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dall%253A%2Bsubpagename%2BOR%2Bbasepagename%2Binsource%253A%252Fsubpagename%257Cbasepagename%252F%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch"><i>subpagename</i> or <i>basepagename</i></a></span> are used on pages.</p> <p>Subpagenames and subpage links are used to abbreviate linking and transclusion among closely interworking subpages, where they are seen near the top of every subpage in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breadcrumb_(navigation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Breadcrumb (navigation)">nav list</a>, and in <kbd>[[wikilinks]]</kbd>, and in <kbd>{{templates}}</kbd>.</p> <p>Navigating or linking to any page requires <kbd>[[<i>fullpagename</i>]]</kbd> except when to and from subpages. For example, at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> (<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dprefix%253AWikipedia%253AManual%2Bof%2Bstyle%252F%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">subpages</a></span>) or at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Help: <i>Wikipedia: The Missing Manual</i></a> (<span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dprefix%253AHelp%253A%2BWikipedia%253A%2BThe%2BMissing%2BManual%252F%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">subpages</a></span>). The construct <code>../</code> is <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Path_(computing)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Representations_of_paths_by_operating_system_and_shell" title="Path (computing)">an abbreviation borrowed from computing</a>, and using it in a wikilink renders the fullpagename.</p> <p>The table below shows a live demo of subpage naming relations, and subpage linking.<br> See this table on subpages <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name/one/two/three/four?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Page name/one/two/three/four">/one/two/three/four</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name/sub/page/name1/sub/page/name2/subpage_level_3?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Page name/sub/page/name1/sub/page/name2/subpage level 3">/sub/page/name1/sub/page/name2/subpage level 3</a>.</p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption> <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Subpage_help?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Subpage help">Subpage help</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> </caption> <tbody> <tr> <th>Equalities?</th> <th><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:VAR?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VAR">Variables</a> and markup</th> <th>Live rendering</th> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3;" style="width:8em">On subpages, these three:</td> <td>fullpagename</td> <td><i>Wikipedia:Page name</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td>namespace<kbd>:</kbd><span style="color:green;">basepagename</span><kbd>/</kbd><span style="color:violet;">subpagename</span></td> <td><i>Wikipedia:<span style="color:green;">Page name</span></i> or <i>Wikipedia:<span style="color:violet;">Page name</span></i></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:right"><kbd>../</kbd><span style="color:violet;">subpagename</span></td> <td style="text-align:right"><i><kbd>../</kbd><span style="color:violet;">Page name</span></i></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">On subpages, these two:</td> <td>pagename</td> <td><i>Page name</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td><span style="color:green;">basepagename</span><kbd>/</kbd><span style="color:violet;">subpagename</span></td> <td><i><span style="color:green;">Page name</span></i> or <i><span style="color:violet;">Page name</span></i></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">On root and 1st sub/page:</td> <td>basepagename</td> <td><i>Page name</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td>rootpagename</td> <td><i>Page name</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">On subpages, these equal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Breadcrumb_(navigation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Breadcrumb (navigation)">nav links</a>.</td> <td style="text-align:center"><kbd>[[../]]</kbd></td> <td><i>[[../]]</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><kbd>[[../../]]</kbd></td> <td><i>[[../../]]</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="text-align:center"><kbd>[[../../../]]</kbd></td> <td><i>[[../../../]]</i></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" style="text-align:center"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:PrefixIndex/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:PrefixIndex/Wikipedia:Page name">List subpages of this page</a></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>It shows that</p> <ul> <li>A subpagename is just a label inside its pagename, with a software-added / slash delimiter.</li> <li>The basepagename is just the pagename of the parent, so it absorbs child subpagenames.</li> <li>A fullpagename is a namespace:basepagename/subpagename, or a ../subpagename.</li> <li>The pagename includes the subpagename. There really is a sub-pagename, (although there is no full-pagename or full pagename).</li> <li>The pagename of a subpage is basename/subpagename.</li> <li>Basepagename only lacks the namespace needed for linking or navigating.</li> <li>When not on a subpage: <ul> <li>the terms are synonymous: pagename, subpagename, basepagename.</li> <li><code>[[../]]</code> renders [[../]], [[../../]], etc.</li> </ul></li> <li>When the subpagename has a <kbd>/</kbd> slash character in it, a subpage link to it <kbd>[[../]]</kbd> renders a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Red_link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Red link">red-linked</a> fullpagename.</li> </ul> <p>Other facts concerning subpages are that</p> <ul> <li>A wikilink <kbd>[[/<i>subpagename</i>]]</kbd> can create a subpage.</li> <li>While editing a subpage you don't see subpagenames to know for sure how to reference parent pages in subpage links. You only a have view of the title.</li> <li>The subpage navigation list only shows subpages above. You can list subpages below <ul> <li>indirectly from the "Page information" item on every page.</li> <li>directly from <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/User:PrimeHunter/Subpages.js?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="User:PrimeHunter/Subpages.js">a "Subpages" item</a> on every page, by adding a bit of JavaScript to your <span class="example" style="font-family: Georgia, serif;"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Preferences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Preferences">Preferences</a></span>.</li> <li>indirectly using <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Search?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Search">Search</a> with the <i>prefix</i> parameter.</li> </ul></li> </ul> <p>You can find standardized subpagenames by using the <i>intitle</i> parameter. See common subpagenames from these searches:</p> <table> <tbody> <tr> <td> <ul> <li>Template <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dtemplate%253A%2Bintitle%253Adoc%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">doc</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dtemplate%253A%2Bintitle%253Atestcases%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">testcases</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dtemplate%253A%2Bintitle%253Asandbox%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">sandbox</a></span></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> <td> <ul> <li>Portal <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dportal%253A%2Bintitle%253A%2Bfeatured%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">featured</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dportal%253A%2Bintitle%253A%2Bselected%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">selected</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dportal%253A%2Bintitle%253A%2Bintro%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">intro</a></span></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> <td style="vertical-align:top"> <ul> <li>Other <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dwp%253A%2Bintitle%253Ainfoboxes%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">infoboxes</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dtalk%253A%2Bintitle%253Aarchive%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">archives</a></span></li> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:Search%26search%3Dcategory%253A%2Bintitle%253Asubpage%2Bintitle%253Aredirects%26ns0%3D1%26fulltext%3DSearch">related categories</a></span></li> </ul></li> </ul></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> <p>Each pagename in a namespaces is unique, but those searches show how subpagenames are standardized, and repeated many times.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Titles_in_the_Special_and_Media_namespaces" data-mw-thread-id="h-Titles_in_the_Special_and_Media_namespaces-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Titles_in_the_Special_and_Media_namespaces-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"></span>Titles in the Special and Media namespaces<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Titles_in_the_Special_and_Media_namespaces-Namespace,_pagename,_and_fullpagename"></span></h3> </div> <p>In the two <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Virtual_namespaces" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">virtual namespaces</a> — <i>Special</i> and <i>Media</i> — the title line of the page is <i>not</i> the fullpagename.</p> <p>Even with irregular titles, virtual pages are readily navigated, linked, and transcluded using <i>namespace</i>:<i>pagename</i>.</p> <ul> <li>The title line of a Media page is File:<i>pagename</i>. (This title is only helpful <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#File_link" title="Help:Files">in some cases</a>.)</li> <li>A Special page follows no such rules. Its title displays no namespace, and can change its pagename. See for example the title of any page listed at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:SpecialPages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special:SpecialPages</a>.</li> </ul> <p>A virtual page is not a page name stored in the database as wikitext.</p> <ul> <li>Special pages are automatically generated in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HTML?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HTML">HTML</a>.</li> <li>Media pages are stored as binary data at the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> wiki.</li> </ul> <p>Additionally, for page naming Special pages:</p> <ul> <li>The URL of a Special page can differ from normal <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:URL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:URL">Wikipedia:URLs</a>, especially when it involves several operating parameters.</li> <li>Their fullpagename can be {{transcluded}}, but only in some cases.</li> <li>Searching for Special pages is not possible, although suggestions are given from the search box, and when you type <kbd>special:</kbd> followed by anything not a pagename, you get a link to <i>Special pages</i>.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Magic_words_and_page_name" data-mw-thread-id="h-Magic_words_and_page_name"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span>Magic words and page name<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>As explained earlier, the fullpagename, pagename and namespace of a page can be rendered by placing the '<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Magic words">magic words</a>' <code>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</code>, <code>{{PAGENAME}}</code> and <code>{{NAMESPACE}}</code> in the wikitext. These three magic words must be in all capitals. These and related magic words also have <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Parsing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Computer_languages" title="Parsing">parsing</a> abilities, see <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Help:Page_name" class="extiw" title="meta:Help:Page name">meta:Help:Page name</a> for more information on this.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="FULLPAGENAME,_fullpagename_and_page_name" data-mw-thread-id="h-FULLPAGENAME,_fullpagename_and_page_name-Magic_words_and_page_name"><span id="FULLPAGENAME.2C_fullpagename_and_page_name"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-FULLPAGENAME,_fullpagename_and_page_name-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span>FULLPAGENAME, fullpagename and page name<span data-mw-comment-end="h-FULLPAGENAME,_fullpagename_and_page_name-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span></h3> </div> <p>The magic word <code>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</code> renders the <i>fullpagename</i> of a page if inserted in the wikitext of a page. Now the fullpagename of a page will generally be the same as the <i>page name</i> (note the space in page name), and hence the page's title as explained earlier. The only time the fullpagename will differ from the page's title, is if the displayed title is changed by a method detailed in the 'Changing the displayed title' section beneath; for example, by using the magic word <code>{{DISPLAYTITLE:title}}</code>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="PAGENAME_and_pagename" data-mw-thread-id="h-PAGENAME_and_pagename-Magic_words_and_page_name"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-PAGENAME_and_pagename-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span>PAGENAME and pagename<span data-mw-comment-end="h-PAGENAME_and_pagename-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span></h3> </div> <p>The magic word <code>{{PAGENAME}}</code> renders the <i>pagename</i> (note there is no space in pagename) of a page if inserted in the wikitext of a page. As explained earlier, the fullpagename will be the same as pagename only if the page is in Main namespace (e.g. for encyclopedic articles); in other namespaces, fullpagename will be the same as 'namespace:pagename'.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="NAMESPACE_and_namespace" data-mw-thread-id="h-NAMESPACE_and_namespace-Magic_words_and_page_name"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-NAMESPACE_and_namespace-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span>NAMESPACE and namespace<span data-mw-comment-end="h-NAMESPACE_and_namespace-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span></h3> </div> <p>The magic word <code>{{NAMESPACE}}</code> usually renders the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Namespace"><i>namespace</i></a> of a page if inserted in the wikitext of a page. The only time this doesn't happen is in Main namespace, where <code>{{NAMESPACE}}</code> will render a blank instead.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Subpages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Subpages-Magic_words_and_page_name"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Subpages-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span>Subpages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Subpages-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span></h3> </div> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a> (except for article pages) are also rendered by these magic words. For example, for the page named <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes/Media/Film?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes/Media/Film">Wikipedia:Userboxes/Media/Film</a>, fullpagename would be <code>Wikipedia:Userboxes/Media/Film</code>, pagename would be <code>Userboxes/Media/Film</code>, and namespace would be <code>Wikipedia</code>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Some_examples" data-mw-thread-id="h-Some_examples-Magic_words_and_page_name"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Some_examples-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span>Some examples<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Some_examples-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span></h3> </div> <p>As an example, for the article <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Notability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Notability">Notability</a>: the page name, <code>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</code> and <code>{{PAGENAME}}</code> would be <code>Notability</code>; and <code>{{NAMESPACE}}</code> would be blank. And for the page <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Wikipedia:Notability</a>: the page name and <code>{{FULLPAGENAME}}</code> would be <code>Wikipedia:Notability</code>; <code>{{NAMESPACE}}</code> would be <code>Wikipedia</code>; and <code>{{PAGENAME}}</code> would be <code>Notability</code>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Related_magic_words" data-mw-thread-id="h-Related_magic_words-Magic_words_and_page_name"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Related_magic_words-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span>Related magic words<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Related_magic_words-Magic_words_and_page_name"></span></h3> </div> <p>Adding an E to the end of these variables, like <span class="nowrap"><code>{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</code></span>, renders these variables encoded for use in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/MediaWiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="MediaWiki">MediaWiki</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/URL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="URL">URLs</a>, i.e. with underscores replacing any spaces. Additional magic words for related variables include <span class="nowrap"><code>{{ARTICLEPAGENAME}}</code></span>, <span class="nowrap"><code>{{ARTICLESPACE}}</code></span>, <span class="nowrap"><code>{{BASEPAGENAME}}</code></span>, <span class="nowrap"><code>{{SUBJECTPAGENAME}}</code></span>, <span class="nowrap"><code>{{SUBJECTSPACE}}</code></span>, <span class="nowrap"><code>{{SUBPAGENAME}}</code></span>, <span class="nowrap"><code>{{TALKPAGENAME}}</code></span>, <span class="nowrap"><code>{{TALKSPACE}}</code></span>. See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Variables" title="Help:Magic words">Help:Magic words</a> for more details.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Technical_restrictions_and_limitations" data-mw-thread-id="h-Technical_restrictions_and_limitations"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Technical_restrictions_and_limitations"></span><span class="anchor" id="Invalid_page_names"></span>Technical restrictions and limitations<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Technical_restrictions_and_limitations"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Main page: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)</a> </div> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles</a> describes the policy for the correct naming of an article, but there are also technical restrictions to the naming of articles on Wikipedia, most of which are listed at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)</a>. The section <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Changing_the_displayed_title">Changing the displayed title</a> explains how some technical restrictions may be overcome.</p> <p><i>Forward slash</i> (/) in page names provides special functionality in a namespace where the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">subpage feature</a> has been enabled. This feature is not active in Wikipedia's Main namespace, so a forward slash in an article name has no particular effect; but it may affect the behaviour of the corresponding talk page, as subpages are enabled in the Main Talk namespace. An example is the article <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/GNU/Linux_naming_controversy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="GNU/Linux naming controversy">GNU/Linux naming controversy</a>; it doesn't have a subpage, but the talk page <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:GNU/Linux_naming_controversy?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talk:GNU/Linux naming controversy">Talk:GNU/Linux naming controversy</a> is a subpage of <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talk:GNU?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Talk:GNU">Talk:GNU</a>. But this doesn't particularly cause problems.</p> <dl> <dd> <i>For information on how to treat pages whose titles are affected by these limitations, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)</a>.</i> </dd> </dl> <p>In general, a page name can be any string of one or more Unicode characters. However, some strings of Unicode characters cause technical problems with the way Wikipedia functions, and so are limited or restricted.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Note that these rules mostly apply to namespace as well as pagename. These limitations and restrictions include:</p> <ul> <li>A page name cannot begin with a lowercase letter in any alphabet, except for the German letter <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%9F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ß">ß</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>A page name cannot contain any of the following characters: <code><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Number_sign?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Number sign">#</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Less-than_sign?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Less-than sign"><</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Greater-than_sign?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Greater-than sign">></a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Square_brackets?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Square brackets">[</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Square_brackets?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Square brackets">]</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vertical_bar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vertical bar">|</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curly_brackets?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly brackets">{</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Curly_brackets?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Curly brackets">}</a> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Underscore?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Underscore">_</a></code> (which all have special meanings in wiki syntax); the Unicode <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Specials_(Unicode_block)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Specials (Unicode block)">replacement character</a> U+FFFD <code>�</code>; or any <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HTML_character_codes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="HTML character codes">HTML character codes</a>, such as <code>&amp;</code>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A pagename also cannot contain 3 or more continuous <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tilde?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tilde">tildes</a> <code>~~~</code>, as these are used for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">marking signatures on Wikipedia</a>.</li> <li>A pagename cannot begin with a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Colon_(punctuation)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Colon (punctuation)">colon</a> <code>:</code>.</li> <li>A pagename cannot be <code>.</code> or <code>..</code>; or begin with <code>./</code> or <code>../</code>; or contain <code>/./</code> or <code>/../</code>; or end with <code>/.</code> or <code>/..</code>.</li> <li>A pagename cannot exceed 255 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Byte?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Byte">bytes</a> in length. Be aware that non-ASCII characters may take up to four bytes in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTF-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> encoding, so the total number of <i>characters</i> that can fit into a title may be less than 255.</li> <li>A pagename cannot begin with any kind of namespace prefix, except a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pseudo-namespaces" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">pseudo-namespace</a> prefix, by definition.</li> </ul> <p>Namespace prefixes include: all <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">subject and talk namespace</a> prefixes (e.g., <code>Wikipedia:</code> and <code>User:</code>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Virtual_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Virtual namespace">virtual namespace</a> prefixes (<code>Special:</code> and <code>Media:</code>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aliases" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Namespace">namespace aliases</a> (e.g., <code>WT:</code>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki linking</a> prefixes (e.g. <code>Wikt:</code> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiktionary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wiktionary">Wiktionary</a>; <code>Q:</code> for <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikiquote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikiquote">Wikiquote</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage link</a> prefixes (e.g. <code>fr:</code>, <code>en:</code>). For example, an article about the album <i>Q: Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!</i> has the pagename <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Q._Are_We_Not_Men%3F_A:_We_Are_Devo!?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Q. Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!">Q. Are We Not Men? A: We Are Devo!</a></i> because of the <code>Q:</code>.</p> <p>Article titles beginning with a namespace prefix (e.g. <span class="nowrap"><i>Wikipedia: The big adventure</i></span>) are <i>technically</i> possible. However, the article would be in the wrong namespace, which would interfere with search and other functionality, and that space after the colon would have to be added with DISPLAYTITLE as described below. In such situations, the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Colons" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">naming conventions</a> recommend redirecting to an alternative title within mainspace. For example, the article <i>Project: Mersh</i> is named <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Project_Mersh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Project Mersh">Project Mersh</a>, as <i>Project:</i> is a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Aliases" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">namespace alias</a> for the <i>Wikipedia:</i> namespace.</p> <ul> <li>A pagename cannot consist of only a namespace prefix.</li> <li>A pagename cannot begin or end with a space (which would be translated to an underscore in the URL).</li> <li>A pagename cannot contain % followed by 2 <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hexadecimal_digit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hexadecimal digit">hexadecimal digits</a> (a pagename <i>can</i> have the character <code>%</code>, but it must be <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Percent-encoding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Percent-encoding">percent-encoded</a> as <code>%25</code> in the URL, to prevent it from being interpreted as a single character. To prevent ambiguity, pagenames cannot contain % followed by 2 hexadecimal digits).</li> <li>With namespaces, no capitalization of a namespace name, apart from the first letter, is allowed. Also, no spaces (which are translated to underscores) are allowed before or after the colon of a namespace name. For example, the following are not allowed: <code>HELP:</code>, <code>HeLp:</code>, <code>Help_:</code> or <code>Help:_</code> (with spaces rather than underscores).</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Changing_the_displayed_title" data-mw-thread-id="h-Changing_the_displayed_title"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Changing_the_displayed_title"></span>Changing the displayed title<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Changing_the_displayed_title"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"> <div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"> <span id="WP:DISPLAYTITLE"></span> </div> <div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"> <div class="module-shortcutlist"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="plainlist"> <ul> <li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:DISPLAYTITLE%26redirect%3Dno">WP:DISPLAYTITLE</a></span></li> </ul> </div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> For more information, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:DISPLAYTITLE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:DISPLAYTITLE">Template:DISPLAYTITLE</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)</a>. </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> This page is about changing the displayed title at the top of an article. For actually changing the page title, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Wikipedia:Moving a page</a>. </div> <p>Although it is not possible to change a page title via the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_word?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Magic word">magic word</a> <kbd>{{DISPLAYTITLE:}}</kbd>, it is possible to stylize the way a page title is displayed at the top of its page to the reader. This should be done only if the article meets the criteria for a non-standard title format, as detailed in the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Wikipedia:Article titles</a> policy. Unlike on <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://github.com/wikimedia/operations-mediawiki-config/blob/ff3d2179963176d644170bb11df4ac38dbf74e8d/wmf-config/InitialiseSettings.php%23L14763-L14785">a few other wikis</a>, <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:%2524wgRestrictDisplayTitle" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:$wgRestrictDisplayTitle">$wgRestrictDisplayTitle</a> is true on English Wikipedia, so only limited modifications can be made: the displayed title must still <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Canonical?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Canonical">resolve</a> to the true name of the page</b>; i.e. if the displayed title is copied and pasted into a wikilink, the link should point to the original page.</p> <p>To be more specific on when it can be used: DISPLAYTITLE allows changing the initial letter to lower case; changing the case of any letter in the namespace; adding one initial colon; changing spaces to underscores; adding a space after a namespace prefix; adding w: or en: at the start of a title; and adding formatting such as italics, bolding, superscripts, subscripts, etc. Some <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(technical_restrictions)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Forbidden_characters" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (technical restrictions)">forbidden characters</a> are not supported by DISPLAYTITLE (< and > are allowed in markup, and { and } are allowed for template transclusions). Since 2013 it is not possible to hide part of the title with <code><span style="display:none;">...</span></code>.</p> <p>The syntax to use DISPLAYTITLE is <code>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<var>Desired title</var>}}</code>. However it is often applied through a <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Template?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Template">template</a>, which includes <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Lowercase_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Lowercase title">lowercase title</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (used on such articles as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/EBay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="EBay">eBay</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/IPod?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="IPod">iPod</a>, and on categories such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:MacOS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:MacOS">Category:macOS</a>), <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Lowercase?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Lowercase">lowercase</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (used on templates such as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:IPhone_models?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:IPhone models">Template:iPhone models</a>), and <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Italic_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Italic title">italic title</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> (commonly used for scientific names). Some infoboxes (such as <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Infobox_film?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Infobox film">Infobox film</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>) include a built-in DISPLAYTITLE to automatically italicize the page title.</p> <p><span class="anchor" id="DISPLAYTITLE_conflicts"></span>If there is more than one instance of DISPLAYTITLE with allowed modifications, and they do not all specify the same title, only the last such instance is enacted, with an error message generated. For example:</p> <p><span class="error">Warning: Display title "<i>Desired title</i>" overrides earlier display title "<i>Desired</i> title" (<a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#DISPLAYTITLE_conflicts">help</a>).</span></p> <p>The preferred solution to this problem is to remove one of the instances of DISPLAYTITLE. While it is possible to suppress the error via the "noerror" parameter, i.e. <code>{{DISPLAYTITLE:<var>Desired title</var>|noerror}}</code>, it is preferable to tweak the template that automatically includes the conflicting DISPLAYTITLE via parameter(s) usually described in its documentation. Many infoboxes have the option <code>|italic title = no</code> or <code>|italic_title = no</code> to omit an automatic display title.</p> <p>A DISPLAYTITLE is applied when previewing in the Source Editor. Please test it before saving. A DISPLAYTITLE with disallowed modifications produces a warning in <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:PREVIEW?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PREVIEW">preview</a>. It will not prevent a previous DISPLAYTITLE with allowed modifications from working. When using the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a>, the DISPLAYTITLE is not applied in the preview, nor are warnings given.</p> <p>Please use <kbd>{{DISPLAYTITLE<span style="margin-right:0.1em; padding:3px 4px 2px; background-color:lightgreen; border:1px; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:2px 2px 4px #A0A080;"><b>:</b></span><var>Desired title</var>}}</kbd>, rather than <kbd>{{DISPLAYTITLE<span style="margin-right:0.1em; padding:3px 4px 2px; background-color:lightsalmon; border:1px; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:2px 2px 4px #A0A080;"><b>|</b></span><var>Desired title</var>}}</kbd>. This invokes the <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/magic_word" class="extiw" title="m:magic word">magic word</a> directly instead of using the template. <i>See <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:DISPLAYTITLE?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Instructions" title="Template:DISPLAYTITLE">Template:DISPLAYTITLE § Instructions</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Behavior_switches" title="Help:Magic words">Help:Magic words § Behavior switches</a></i>.</p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Draft_articles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Draft_articles-Changing_the_displayed_title"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Draft_articles-Changing_the_displayed_title"></span>Draft articles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Draft_articles-Changing_the_displayed_title"></span></h3> </div> <p>The normal usage of <code>{{DISPLAYTITLE:Draft:<var>Desired title</var>}}</code> will appear to work but it will stop working when the draft is accepted since the new page name will be <b>Desired title</b> instead of <b>Draft:Desired title</b>.</p> <p>The preferred way is to use templates (see above). If that is not practical, <code>{{DISPLAYTITLE:{{NAMESPACE}}:<var>Desired title</var>}}</code> works and will continue to work if the page is moved into the main encyclopedia.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Alphabetical_order" data-mw-thread-id="h-Alphabetical_order"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Alphabetical_order"></span>Alphabetical order<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Alphabetical_order"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>Where page titles are placed in alphabetical order by the system (as at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:AllPages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:AllPages">Special:AllPages</a>), <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unicode?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unicode">Unicode</a>-based ordering is used rather than the truly alphabetical ordering that would be expected. For details, see <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Alphabetical_order?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Alphabetical order">Help:Alphabetical order</a>.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Spaces,_underscores,_and_character_encoding" data-mw-thread-id="h-Spaces,_underscores,_and_character_encoding"><span id="Spaces.2C_underscores.2C_and_character_encoding"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Spaces,_underscores,_and_character_encoding"></span>Spaces, underscores, and character encoding<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Spaces,_underscores,_and_character_encoding"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <p>In page names, a blank space is equivalent to an underscore. A blank space is displayed in the large font title at the top of the page, while the URLs show an underscore. Wikilinks can use either spaces or underscores (spaces are preferred in article space).</p> <p><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Percent-encoding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Percent-encoding">Percent-encoded</a> character codes, such as <code>%41</code> (which codes <code>A</code>) and <code>%C3%80</code> (which codes <code>À</code> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="À">A-grave</a>), are treated in pagenames as equivalent to their corresponding characters. The codes are generally used for most non-alphanumeric and non-<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ASCII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="ASCII">ASCII</a> characters in URLs; although the characters themselves may sometimes work as well, depending on browser. The reason why <code>%C3%80</code> works is because the <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/UTF-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="UTF-8">UTF-8</a> for A-grave is <code>C380</code> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hexadecimal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hexadecimal">hex</a>.</p> <p>Codes are converted into corresponding characters in link labels: <code>[[%41]]</code> and <code>[[%C3%80]]</code> are rendered as <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/A?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="A">A</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/%C3%80?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="À">À</a>. The URL of the latter page is <a class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2580">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80</a> or <a class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C3%2580">https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/À</a>. It can be disputed whether the "real" name of the page is <code>%C3%80</code> or <code>À</code>, but in any case there cannot be distinct pages with these names.</p> <p>In some cases, such as in templates, it is necessary to convert a page name represented by a variable into a form suitable for use in URLs: with underscores for spaces and with % codes for special characters. This can be done using the magic words described below; for full details, see <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Help:Magic_words" class="extiw" title="mw:Help:Magic words">mw:Help:Magic words</a>.</p> <ul> <li>Certain magic words ending with an extra "E", such as PAGENAMEE, NAMESPACEE, etc., return URL-encoded page names. For example, for this page, <code>{{FULLPAGENAMEE}}</code> gives <code>Wikipedia:Page_name</code>.</li> <li>The <i>localurl</i> and <i>fullurl</i> functions can be used to generate relative and full URLs to a particular page. Fullurl can also be used for interwiki references; but may not work for links to pages on a project with a different <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:%2524wgScript" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:$wgScript">$wgScript</a>.</li> </ul> <p>If pagename variables are used <i>within</i> the localurl or fullurl functions, then use standard variables like <code>{{PAGENAME}}</code> etc., in the first parameter, where they will be encoded anyway; but then use "EE" variables, like <code>{{PAGENAMEE}}</code> etc., in the second parameter, the query string, if present. For example:</p> <ul> <li><code>{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=12&from={{PAGENAMEE}}}}</code> gives here:</li> </ul> <p><code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Allpages&namespace=12&from=Page_name</code></p> <ul> <li><code>{{fullurl:Special:Allpages/{{PAGENAME}}|namespace=12}}</code> gives here:</li> </ul> <p><code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Allpages/Page_name&namespace=12</code></p> <p>It is wrong to use:</p> <ul> <li><code>{{fullurl:Special:Allpages|namespace=12&from={{PAGENAME}}}}</code> gives here:</li> </ul> <p><code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Allpages&namespace=12&from=Page name</code>, which is the wrong link.</p> <ul> <li><code>{{fullurl:Special:Allpages/{{PAGENAMEE}}|namespace=12}}</code> gives here:</li> </ul> <p><code>//en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Allpages/Page_name&namespace=12</code> . It works here, as the underscore, converted from a space, is not affected by the second conversion; but it does not work with special characters.</p> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Page name">Help:Page name</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Module:Page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Module:Page">Module:Page</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span> <h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Per <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:Statistics?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:Statistics">Special:Statistics</a> community pages (operations and maintenance) outnumber "main" pages seven to one.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> The variables are activated (filled in) by putting them in ALL CAPS in double curly braces. For example, at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:SAND?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SAND">WP:SAND</a>: <dl> <dd> The title of this page, {{FULLPAGENAME}}, is a namespace, {{NAMESPACE}}, plus a pagename, {{PAGENAME}}. shows: </dd> <dd> The title of this page, Wikipedia:Sandbox, is a namespace, Wikipedia, plus a pagename, Sandbox. </dd> </dl></span></li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Requests_for_page_protection?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Requests for page protection">Wikipedia:Requests for page protection</a></span></li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Page name naming is different on other projects.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">This is not true in all projects; for example, Wiktionary allows initial lower-case letters. This setting is configured using <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Manual:%2524wgCapitalLinks" class="extiw" title="mw:Manual:$wgCapitalLinks">$wgCapitalLinks</a>. A title can be <i>displayed</i> with an initial lower-case letter, when needed, by using DISPLAYTITLE, or the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Lowercase_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Lowercase title">lowercase title</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template.</span></li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The plus sign + <i>is</i> allowed in page titles, although in the default setup for MediaWiki it is not. This is configured by setting the value of <i>$wgLegalTitleChars</i> in LocalSettings.php.</span></li> </ol> </div> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output 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class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_help_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia help pages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Wikipedia_help_pages2185" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia help pages</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div> <ul> <li><b>Visit the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">Teahouse</a></i> or the <i><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">Help desk</a></i> for an interactive <abbr title="questions and answers">Q & A</abbr> forum.</b></li> </ul> <hr> <ul> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:FAQ">FAQs</a></b> <b><abbr title="This is a list of frequently asked questions about using and contributing to Wikipedia.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Reference_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Reference desk">Reference desks</a></b> <b><abbr title="Works like a library reference desk. Ask a question here and Wikipedia volunteers will try to answer it.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Noticeboards?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Noticeboards">Noticeboards</a></b> <b><abbr title="Pages where editors can ask questions and request assistance from people who are familiar with the policies and guidelines covered by each individual board.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of the most commonly used Wiki markup and templates.">(?)</abbr></b></li> <li><b> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a></b> <b><abbr title="For a list of Wikipedia's directories and indexes.">(?)</abbr></b></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:About?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's governess and customs">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Administration</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Purpose?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Purpose">Purpose</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Principles</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">Policies and guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:General disclaimer">Disclaimer</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Advice_for_parents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Advice for parents">parental advice</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Request_directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Request directory">Making requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Who_writes_Wikipedia%3F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Who writes Wikipedia?">Who writes Wikipedia?</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Reader%27s_index_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Reader's index to Wikipedia">Help for readers</a> <abbr title="Concerns and questions readers may have about Wikipedia">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Readers">FAQ</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_book_creator_status?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia book creator status">Books</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Copyright?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Copyright">Copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Mobile_access?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Navigation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Navigation">Navigation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Other_languages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Other languages">Other languages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Searching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Student_help?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Student help">Students</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Viewing_media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Viewing media">Viewing media</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Contributing_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Contributing to Wikipedia">Contributing<br> to Wikipedia</a> <abbr title="Overviews and resources needed to comprehend, comment on, and edit">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guidance_for_younger_editors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guidance for younger editors">Advice for young editors</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoiding_common_mistakes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Avoiding common mistakes">Avoiding common mistakes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Simplified Manual of Style</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_ruleset?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Simplified ruleset">Simplified rule-set</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">"Ignore all rules"</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:The_rules_are_principles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:The rules are principles">"The rules are principles"</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Style-tips</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tip_of_the_day?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tip of the day">Tip of the day</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Your_first_article?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Your first article">Your first article</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_wizard?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article wizard">article wizard</a>)</li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Getting_started?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Getting started">Getting started</a> <abbr title="Introductions and tutorials">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Why_create_an_account%3F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Why create an account?">Why create an account?</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Introduction">Introductions by topic</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pictures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">IRC <span style="font-size:85%;">(live chat)</span> tutorial</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User_guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor/User guide">VisualEditor user guide</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Dos and don'ts">Dos and don'ts</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia policies, guidelines, and formatting standards in bullet points">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Accessibility_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Accessibility dos and don'ts">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Biography_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Biography dos and don'ts">Biographies</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons dos and don'ts">Biographies (living)</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Categorization dos and don'ts">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Consensus dos and don'ts">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Talk dos and don'ts">Discussions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation dos and don'ts">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Images</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lead_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Lead dos and don'ts">Leads</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Linking_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Linking dos and don'ts">Links</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:List_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:List dos and don'ts">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:References_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:References dos and don'ts">References</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Table_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Table dos and don'ts">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_title_dos_and_don%27ts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Article title dos and don'ts">Titles (of articles)</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">How-to pages</a> and<br><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">information pages</a> <abbr title="Topic specific informative and instructional pages">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_appealing_blocks?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guide to appealing blocks">Appealing blocks</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_deletion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guide to deletion">Article deletion</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Category?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Category">Categories</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citations_quick_reference?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citations quick reference">Citations/references</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">Referencing for beginners</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_Style_1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation Style 1">Citation Style 1</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cite_errors?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cite errors">Cite errors</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:References_and_page_numbers?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:References and page numbers">References and page numbers</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Convert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Convert">Convert</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Diff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Diff">Diff</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Editing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Minor_edit?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Minor edit">Minor edit</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Edit toolbar">toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Edit conflict">edit conflict</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Find_sources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Find sources">Find sources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Files">Files</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Footnotes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Footnotes">Footnotes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Infobox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Infobox">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Link">Linking</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Link_color?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Link color">link color</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Logging_in?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Merging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Merging">Merging</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Page name">Page name</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:How_to_move_a_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:How to move a page">Renaming pages</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Redirect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Redirect">Redirect</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Reset_password?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Reset password">Passwords</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Email_confirmation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Email confirmation">Email confirmation</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Reverting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Simple_guide_to_vandalism_cleanup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Simple guide to vandalism cleanup">Simple vandalism cleanup</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Talk_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk pages</a> (<a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">archiving</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">simple archiving</a>)</li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:User_contributions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:WP_search_protocol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:WP search protocol">WP search protocol</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wiki_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wiki markup">Coding</a> <abbr title="Wikitext information consists of the syntax used to format a page">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Wikitext?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Wikitext">Wiki markup</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Barchart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Calculation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Calculation">Calculations</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Special_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Special characters">Characters</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Columns?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Elevation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Elevation">Elevation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:List?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Musical symbols">Music symbols</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Section">Sections</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sounds</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Table?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Table">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Template?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion">Transclusion</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:URL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:URL">URL</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual files</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Directories_and_indexes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Directories and indexes">Directories</a> <abbr title="Wikipedia's directories and indexes">(?)</abbr></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikipedia_abbreviations?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikipedia abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Contents">Contents</a> <small>(Encyclopedia proper)</small></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Department_directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Department directory">Departments</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Editor%27s_index_to_Wikipedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Editor's index to Wikipedia">Editor's index</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Essay_directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Essay directory">Essays</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Index">FAQs</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Glossary?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Glossary">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">Guidelines</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Manual of Style </a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">Policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Maintenance?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Maintenance">Tasks</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tips?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tips">Tips</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"> <div> <b> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Wikipedia:_The_Missing_Manual?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Wikipedia: The Missing Manual">Missing Manual</a></b> <hr><span class="noprint plainlinks" title="Edit Special:MyTalk"><a class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DSpecial:MyTalk%26action%3Dedit%26section%3Dnew%26preload%3DHelp:Contents/helpmepreload%26preloadtitle%3DHelp%2Bme%2521"><b>Ask for help on your talk page</b></a></span> <b><abbr title="If you need help, you can use this link to ask a question on your talk page; a volunteer will visit you there shortly!">(?)</abbr></b> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"> </div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_technical_help1389" style="padding:3px"> <table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"> <tbody> <tr> <th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"> <div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"> <ul> <li class="nv-view"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-talk"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_technical_help?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template talk:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li> <li class="nv-edit"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_technical_help?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia technical help"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li> </ul> </div> <div id="Wikipedia_technical_help1389" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"> <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Directory?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Technical_help" title="Help:Directory">Wikipedia technical help</a> </div></th> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <div> <b>Get personal technical help at <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Teahouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Teahouse">the Teahouse</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_desk?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Help desk">help desk</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(technical)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (technical)">village pump (technical)</a>, <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_talk_pages/1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Introduction to talk pages/1">talk pages</a> or <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a>.</b> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:FAQ/Technical">General<br> technical help</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Browser_notes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Browser notes">Browser notes</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Bypass_your_cache?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Bypass your cache">Bypass cache</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Keyboard_shortcuts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Keyboard shortcuts">Keyboard shortcuts</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Editing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Editing">Editing</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:CharInsert?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:CharInsert">CharInsert</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Edit_conflict?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Edit conflict">Edit conflict</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Edit_toolbar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Edit toolbar">Edit toolbar</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Reverting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Reverting">Reverting</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_a_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:How to create a page">How to create a page</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:IRC">IRC</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:IRC/Tutorial">Tutorial</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Mobile_access?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Mobile access">Mobile access</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Multilingual_support?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Multilingual support">Multilingual support</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Page_history?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Page history">Page history</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Page_information?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Page information">Page information</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Page name</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Page_name?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Page name">Help</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Printing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Printing">Printing</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Software_notices?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Software notices">Software notices</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Editnotice?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Editnotice">Editnotice</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Special_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Special characters">Special Characters</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Entering_special_characters?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Entering special characters">Entering</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:User_access_levels?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:User access levels">User access levels</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:VisualEditor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:VisualEditor">VisualEditor</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:VisualEditor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:VisualEditor">Help</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Special:SpecialPages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Special:SpecialPages">Special<br> page</a>-related</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Special_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Special page">Special page help</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:AllPages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:AllPages">AllPages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_filter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Edit filter">Edit filter</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Emailing_users?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Emailing users">Emailing users</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Logging_in?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Logging in">Logging in</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Reset_password?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Reset password">Reset passwords</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Log?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Log">Logs</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_a_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Moving a page">Moving a page</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:History_merging?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:History merging">History merging</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:When_to_place_technical_requests_in_%22Administrator_needed%22?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:When to place technical requests in "Administrator needed"">Non-admin and admin-only page moves</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Notifications?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Notifications">Notifications/Echo</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Notifications/FAQ?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Notifications/FAQ">FAQ</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Page_Curation/Help?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Page Curation/Help">Page Curation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Import?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Import">Page import</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Pending_changes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Pending changes">Pending changes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Random?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Random">Random pages</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Recent_changes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Recent changes">Recent changes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Related_changes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Related changes">Related changes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Searching?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Searching">Searching</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Linksearch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Linksearch">Linksearch</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tags?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tags">Tags</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:User_contributions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:User contributions">User contributions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Watchlist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Watchlist">Watchlist</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:What_links_here?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:What links here">What links here</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Wikitext?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Wikitext?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Wikitext">Wikitext</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cheatsheet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cheatsheet">Cheatsheet</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Columns?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Line-break_handling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Line-break handling">Line-break handling</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:List?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:List">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Magic words">Magic words</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Magic_words_for_beginners?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Magic words for beginners">For beginners</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Conditional_expressions?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Conditional expressions">Conditional expressions</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Switch_parser_function?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Switch parser function">Switch parser function</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Time_function?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Time function">Time function</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Redirect?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Redirect">Redirects</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Section?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Section">Sections and TOCs</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Table?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Table">Tables</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_tables_with_Wiki_Markup/1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Introduction to tables with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Basic_table_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Basic table markup">Basics</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Advanced_table_formatting?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Advanced table formatting">Advanced table formatting</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Collapsing_tables_and_more?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Collapsing tables and more">Collapsing</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Conditional_tables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Conditional tables">Conditional tables</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Sortable_tables?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Sortable tables">Sortable tables</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Using_colours?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Using colours">Using colours</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Link">Links</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Diff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Diff">diffs</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Link">Links</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Interlanguage links">Interlanguage</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Interwiki_linking?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Interwiki linking">Interwiki</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Permanent_link?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Permanent link">Permanent</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Diff?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Diff">Diffs</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplest_diff_guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Simplest diff guide">Simplest diff guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Simple_diff_and_link_guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Simple diff and link guide">Simple diff and link guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Complete_diff_and_link_guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Complete diff and link guide">Complete diff and link guide</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Colon_trick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Colon trick">Colon trick</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Link_color?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Link color">Link color</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pipe_trick?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pipe trick">Pipe trick</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:URL?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:URL">URLs</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Wikipedia:Media">Media</a> files: images,<br> videos and sounds</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Media?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Media">Media help</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Files">Files</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Creation_and_usage_of_media_files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Creation and usage of media files">Creation and usage</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Moving_files_to_Commons?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Moving files to Commons">Moving files to Commons</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Images?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Images">Images</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Introduction_to_images_with_Wiki_Markup/1?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Introduction to images with Wiki Markup/1">Introduction to images</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Pictures?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Pictures">Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:SVG_help?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:SVG help">SVG help</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Gallery_tag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Gallery tag">Gallery tag</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">Graphics tutorials</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_bitmap_image_editing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Basic bitmap image editing">Basic bitmap image editing</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab/Resources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab/Resources">Graphics Lab resources</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Sound_file_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Sound file markup">Sound file markup</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Visual file markup">Visual file markup</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Other graphics</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Family_trees?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphs_and_charts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Graphs and charts">Graphs and charts</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">How to create</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Barchart?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Barchart">Barcharts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:To_scale_charts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:To scale charts">To scale charts</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math formulas</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Displaying_a_formula?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Use_of_HTML_templates" title="Help:Displaying a formula">Math symbols</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Score?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Score">Musical scores</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Musical_symbols?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Musical symbols">Musical symbols</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Timeline?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Timeline">Timeline</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:EasyTimeline_syntax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:EasyTimeline syntax">EasyTimeline syntax</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:WikiHiero_syntax?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:WikiHiero syntax">WikiHiero syntax</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:A_quick_guide_to_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:A quick guide to templates">Templates</a> and<br><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a> modules</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Template?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Template">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Advanced_template_coding?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Advanced template coding">Advanced template coding</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_documentation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Template documentation">Template documentation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_index?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Template index">Template index</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Template_limits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Template limits">Template limits</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_sandbox_and_test_cases?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Template sandbox and test cases">Template sandbox and test cases</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Citation templates">Citation templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Lua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Lua">Lua help</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Lua project</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/Resources?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Lua/Resources">Resources</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua/To_do?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Lua/To do">To do</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Substitution?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Substitution">Substitution</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Purge?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Purge">Purge</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Job_queue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Job queue">Job queue</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Transclusion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Transclusion">Transclusion</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Labeled_section_transclusion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Labeled section transclusion">Labeled section</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Transclusion_costs_and_benefits?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Transclusion costs and benefits">Costs and benefits</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_Scribbling?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Guide to Scribbling">Guide to Scribbling</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Administration?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Data_structure_and_development" title="Wikipedia:Administration">Data structure</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">Namespaces</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:What_is_an_article%3F?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:What is an article?">Main/Article</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Category?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Category">Category</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Drafts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Drafts">Draft</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Files?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Files">File</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:File_description_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:File description page">File description page</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Help_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Help namespace">Help</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Portal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Portal">Portal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project/Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Talk_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Talk pages">Talk</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Archiving_a_talk_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Archiving a talk page">Archiving</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Archiving_(plain_and_simple)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Archiving (plain and simple)">Simple</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:User_page_design_guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:User page design guide">User page design</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:MediaWiki_namespace?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:MediaWiki namespace">MediaWiki</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Bug_reports_and_feature_requests?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Bug reports and feature requests">Bug reports and feature requests</a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:TimedMediaHandler" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:TimedMediaHandler">TimedMediaHandler extension</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Lua?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Lua">Module</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Special_page?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Special page">Special</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/HTML?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="HTML">HTML</a> and <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/CSS?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="CSS">CSS</a></th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Cascading_Style_Sheets?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Cascading Style Sheets">Cascading Style Sheets</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:HTML_in_wikitext?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:HTML in wikitext">HTML in wikitext</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Catalogue_of_CSS_classes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Catalogue of CSS classes">Catalogue of CSS classes</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Common.js_and_common.css?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Common.js and common.css">Common.js and common.css</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Mxt/User_CSS_for_a_monospaced_coding_font?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Mxt/User CSS for a monospaced coding font">User CSS for monospaced coding font</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Microformats/classes?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Microformats/classes">Classes in microformats</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Markup_validation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Markup validation">Markup validation</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Span_tags?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Span tags">Span tags</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Useful_styles?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Useful styles">Useful styles</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Customisation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Customisation">Customisation</a><br> and tools</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Preferences?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Gadget?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Gadget">Gadgets</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Skin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Skin">Skins</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Citation_tools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Citation tools">Citation tools</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleaning_up_vandalism/Tools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Cleaning up vandalism/Tools">Cleaning up vandalism tools</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Customizing_watchlists?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Customizing watchlists">Customizing watchlists</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Hide_Pages_in_Watchlist?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Hide Pages in Watchlist">Hide pages</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Scripts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Scripts">IRC Scripts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:User scripts">User scripts</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Guide">Guide</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/List?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/List">List</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Techniques?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Techniques">Techniques</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:User_style?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:User style">User style</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools">Tools</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative_browsing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Alternative browsing">Alternative browsing</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Browser_tools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Browser tools">Browser tools</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Editing_tools?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Editing tools">Editing tools</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_shortcuts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation shortcuts">Navigation shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum_tool_set?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Optimum tool set">Optimum tool set</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Cloud_Services?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Cloud Services">Wikimedia Cloud Services</a></li> <li><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Beta_Features" class="extiw" title="mw:Beta Features">Beta Features at MediaWiki</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Automated editing</th> <td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"> <div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Articles_for_creation/Helper_script?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Articles for creation/Helper script">AfC helper script</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:AntiVandal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:AntiVandal">AntiVandal</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:AutoWikiBrowser">AutoWikiBrowser</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Bots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Bots">Bots</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Help:Creating_a_bot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Help:Creating a bot">Creating</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:History_of_Wikipedia_bots?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:History of Wikipedia bots">history</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:HotCat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:HotCat">HotCat</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Huggle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Huggle">Huggle</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation_popups?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Tools/Navigation popups">Navigation popups</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:RedWarn?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:RedWarn">RedWarn</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Twinkle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Twinkle">Twinkle</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Ultraviolet?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Ultraviolet">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WPCleaner?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WPCleaner">WPCleaner</a></li> <li>Inactive <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:Igloo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:Igloo">igloo</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:STiki?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:STiki">STiki</a></li> </ul></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"> <div> <ul> <li>See also: <b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_how-to?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia how-to">Category:Wikipedia how-to</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_information_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Category:Wikipedia information pages">Category:Wikipedia information pages</a></b><br> Further navigation at: <a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_help_pages?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia help pages">Help pages</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Administrators%27_guide?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Administrators' guide">Administrators</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Accessibility/Navigation_menu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Accessibility/Navigation menu">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_accounts?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia accounts">Accounts</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Botnav?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Botnav">Bots</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_referencing?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia referencing">Referencing</a> <ul> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Citation_metadata_navbox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Citation metadata navbox">Citation metadata</a></li> </ul></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_templates?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Template:Wikipedia templates">Templates</a></li> <li><a href="https://en-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wikipedia:User_scripts/Navbox?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wikipedia:User scripts/Navbox">User scripts</a></li> </ul> </div></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div>   </section> </div> <noscript> <img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=mobile&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"> </noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet=""> Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title%3DWikipedia:Page_name%26oldid%3D1272885020">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:Page_name&oldid=1272885020</a>" </div> </div> </div> <div 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href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EC%259C%2584%25ED%2582%25A4%25EB%25B0%25B1%25EA%25B3%25BC:%25ED%258E%2598%25EC%259D%25B4%25EC%25A7%2580_%25EC%259D%25B4%25EB%25A6%2584" title="위키백과:페이지 이름 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:페이지 이름" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%25B5%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2580%25E0%25A4%25A1%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25AF%25E0%25A4%25BE:%25E0%25A4%25AA%25E0%25A5%2583%25E0%25A4%25B7%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A0%25E0%25A4%25A8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="विकिपीडिया:पृष्ठनाम – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विकिपीडिया:पृष्ठनाम" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2599%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%259E%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590:%25E1%2583%2592%25E1%2583%2595%25E1%2583%2594%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2593%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1_%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%2597%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%25A3%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598" title="ვიკიპედია:გვერდის სათაური – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ვიკიპედია:გვერდის სათაური" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:%25E3%2583%259A%25E3%2583%25BC%25E3%2582%25B8%25E5%2590%258D" title="Help:ページ名 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Help:ページ名" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B7%2580%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25B4%25E0%25B7%2593%25E0%25B6%25A9%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F:Page_name" title="විකිපීඩියා:Page name – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="විකිපීඩියා:Page name" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a 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