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for="main-menu-input"></label> </nav> <div class="branding-box"> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page"> <span><img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"/> </span> </a> </div> <form action="/w/index.php" method="get" class="minerva-search-form"> <div class="search-box"> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"/> <input class="search skin-minerva-search-trigger" id="searchInput" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> <span class="search-box-icon-overlay"><span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> </span> </div> <button id="searchIcon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet skin-minerva-search-trigger"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </form> <nav class="minerva-user-navigation" aria-label="User navigation"> </nav> </div> </header> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <div class="banner-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="pre-content heading-holder"> <div class="page-heading"> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Semiaquilegia</i></h1> <div class="tagline"></div> </div> <ul id="p-associated-pages" class="minerva__tab-container"> <li class="minerva__tab selected mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Semiaquilegia" rel="" data-event-name="tabs.main">Article</a> </li> <li class="minerva__tab mw-list-item"> <a class="minerva__tab-text" href="/wiki/Talk:Semiaquilegia" rel="discussion" data-event-name="tabs.talk">Talk</a> </li> </ul> <nav class="page-actions-menu"> <ul id="p-views" class="page-actions-menu__list"> <li id="language-selector" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" href="#p-lang" data-mw="interface" data-event-name="menu.languages" title="Language" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet language-selector"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--language"></span> <span>Language</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-watch" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-watch" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Semiaquilegia" data-event-name="menu.watch" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet menu__item--page-actions-watch"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--star"></span> <span>Watch</span> </a> </li> <li id="page-actions-edit" class="page-actions-menu__list-item"> <a role="button" id="ca-edit" href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia&action=edit" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>Edit</span> </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <p><i><b>Semiaquilegia</b></i> is a <a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">genus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">flowering plants</a> of the family <a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a>, native to eastern Asia. The genus was first proposed by the botanist <a href="/wiki/Tomitaro_Makino" title="Tomitaro Makino">Tomitaro Makino</a> in 1902. Most authorities generally hold that there is only one species in the genus, <i><a href="/wiki/Semiaquilegia_adoxoides" title="Semiaquilegia adoxoides">Semiaquilegia adoxoides</a></i>, though other species have been proposed as members. The <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a> accepts four species of <i>Semiaquilegia</i>. </p><table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><i>Semiaquilegia</i> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Semiaquilegia_adoxoides_a4.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Semiaquilegia_adoxoides_a4.JPG/220px-Semiaquilegia_adoxoides_a4.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Semiaquilegia_adoxoides_a4.JPG/330px-Semiaquilegia_adoxoides_a4.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Semiaquilegia_adoxoides_a4.JPG/440px-Semiaquilegia_adoxoides_a4.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400"></a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center; font-size: 88%"><i>Semiaquilegia adoxoides</i> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_(biology)" title="Taxonomy (biology)">Scientific classification</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy/Semiaquilegia" title="Edit this classification"><img alt="Edit this classification" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Kingdom: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Vascular_plant" title="Vascular plant">Tracheophytes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Flowering_plant" title="Flowering plant">Angiosperms</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Clade</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eudicots" title="Eudicots">Eudicots</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Order: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranunculales" title="Ranunculales">Ranunculales</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Family: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Subfamily: </td> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thalictroideae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thalictroideae (page does not exist)">Thalictroideae</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Genus: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink"><i>Semiaquilegia</i></a><br><small><a href="/wiki/Tomitaro_Makino" title="Tomitaro Makino">Makino</a><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="color:inherit; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Species </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Semiaquilegia_adoxoides" title="Semiaquilegia adoxoides">Semiaquilegia adoxoides</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(DC.) Makino [1902]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia_danxiashanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis (page does not exist)">Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.Wu, J.J.Zhou, Qiang Zhang & W.S.Deng [2019]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia_guangxiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiaquilegia guangxiensis (page does not exist)">Semiaquilegia guangxiensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang [2017]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia_quelpaertensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis (page does not exist)">Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">D.C.Son & K.H.Lee [2017]</span></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238732961">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:transparent}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota tr{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox.biota img{background:white}}.mw-parser-output .infobox.biota .taxobox-edit-taxonomy img{background:transparent!important}body.skin-vector .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox{margin-top:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.biota.infobox tr.taxonrow td{padding:2px 10px}</style> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#Description"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">Description</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Taxonomy"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">Taxonomy</span></a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="#Etymology"><span class="tocnumber">2.1</span> <span class="toctext">Etymology</span></a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Species"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Species</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#Distribution"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Distribution</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Cultivation"><span class="tocnumber">5</span> <span class="toctext">Cultivation</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#References"><span class="tocnumber">6</span> <span class="toctext">References</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Description">Description</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Description" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> <p>The genus <i>Semiaquilegia</i> a <a href="/wiki/Perennial" title="Perennial">perennial</a> <a href="/wiki/Herb" title="Herb">herb</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ranunculaceae" title="Ranunculaceae">Ranunculaceae</a> family. The plants possess <a href="/wiki/Tuber#Root_tubers" title="Tuber">tuberous roots</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Leaf#Arrangement_on_stem" title="Leaf">arrangement of the leaves</a> is basal (protruding from the stem's base) and <a href="/wiki/Cauline" class="mw-redirect" title="Cauline">cauline</a> (attached to aerial stem).<sup id="cite_ref-FOC_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some small leaves will grow on the flower stem during the early summer.<sup id="cite_ref-AGSE_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGSE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i>Semiaquilegia</i> plants flower, with flowers that are actinomorphic (possess radial symmetrical). These flowers possess five petaloid <a href="/wiki/Sepal" title="Sepal">sepals</a> and five <a href="/wiki/Petal" title="Petal">petals</a>. The petals are in a basally gibbous arrangement. There are 8 to 14 <a href="/wiki/Stamen" title="Stamen">stamens</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOC_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Characteristic of the genus, inner stamen can resemble flattened <a href="/wiki/Staminode" title="Staminode">staminodes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Nold_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Anther" class="mw-redirect" title="Anther">anthers</a> are yellow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOC_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While <i>Semiaquilegia</i> flowers can resemble those of <i><a href="/wiki/Aquilegia" title="Aquilegia">Aquilegia</a></i>, <i>Semiaquilegia</i> flowers lack <a href="/wiki/Nectar_spur" title="Nectar spur">nectar spurs</a> or possess extremely short spurs.<sup id="cite_ref-AGSE_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGSE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Fruit appear in groups of three to five <a href="/wiki/Follicle_(fruit)" title="Follicle (fruit)">follicles</a> that diverge.<sup id="cite_ref-AGSE_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGSE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The seeds of the genus are colored brown to black-brown and heavily wrinkled.<sup id="cite_ref-FOC_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Taxonomy" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <p>The Japanese botanist <a href="/wiki/Tomitaro_Makino" title="Tomitaro Makino">Tomitaro Makino</a> proposed the establishment of <i>Semiaquilegia</i> as a genus in 1902. Makino assessed the characteristics of the genus as approximating the appearance of plants in the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Aquilegia" title="Aquilegia">Aquilegia</a></i>, but with several distinctions. Among the features of <i>Semiaquilegia</i> that Makino identified were the absence of <a href="/wiki/Nectar_spur" title="Nectar spur">nectar spurs</a>, the presence of fewer than 15 stamens, and possession of inner stamens that look like flattened staminodes.<sup id="cite_ref-Nold_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45">: 45 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1920, British botanists <a href="/wiki/James_Ramsay_Drummond" title="James Ramsay Drummond">James Ramsay Drummond</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Hutchinson_(botanist)" title="John Hutchinson (botanist)">John Hutchinson</a> published a paper, "A Revision of <i>Isopyrum</i> (Ranunculaceae) and Its Nearer Allies", in the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Bulletin_of_Miscellaneous_Information" class="mw-redirect" title="Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information">Bulletin of Miscellaneous Information</a></i> to address problems that had developed within the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Isopyrum" title="Isopyrum">Isopyrum</a></i>. In order to address the substantial morphological variance that had coexisted within <i>Isopyrum</i>, Drummond and Hutchinson segregated out the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Paraquilegia" title="Paraquilegia">Paraquilegia</a></i> and expanded <i>Semiaquilegia</i> to include species formerly identified as <i>Isopyrum</i> (<i>S. Eastwoodiae</i>, <i>S. simulatrix</i>, <i>S. Henryi</i>).<sup id="cite_ref-Bulletin_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bulletin-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nold_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46">: 46 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American botanist and gardener Robert Nold referred to the 1920 expansion of <i>Semiaquilegia</i> to four species as "rather less fortunate". These new <i>Semiaquilegia</i> have been subsequently removed from the genus, with only <i>S. adoxoides</i> accepted as part of the genus by 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-Nold_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46–47">: 46–47 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Three more species were published in the 2010s. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Etymology">Etymology</h3><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Etymology" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div> <p>The generic name <i>Semiaquilegia</i> is derived from the name for the genus <i>Aquilegia</i> (columbines), to which they are closely related, and literally translates as "half-columbines".<sup id="cite_ref-Nold_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 46">: 46 </span></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Species">Species</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Species" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> <p>Species are regularly described, synonymized, or reassigned to other genera, so presently only one is considered valid by most authorities: the type species <i><a href="/wiki/Semiaquilegia_adoxoides" title="Semiaquilegia adoxoides">Semiaquilegia adoxoides</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOC_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Nold_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nold-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 45–47">: 45–47 </span></sup> There are four species accepted by the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Botanic_Gardens,_Kew" title="Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew">Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Plants_of_the_World_Online" title="Plants of the World Online">Plants of the World Online</a>:<sup id="cite_ref-POWO_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-POWO-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Semiaquilegia_adoxoides" title="Semiaquilegia adoxoides">Semiaquilegia adoxoides</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">(DC.) Makino [1902]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia_danxiashanensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis (page does not exist)">Semiaquilegia danxiashanensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">L.Wu, J.J.Zhou, Qiang Zhang & W.S.Deng [2019]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia_guangxiensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiaquilegia guangxiensis (page does not exist)">Semiaquilegia guangxiensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">Yan Liu & Y.S.Huang [2017]</span></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia_quelpaertensis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis (page does not exist)">Semiaquilegia quelpaertensis</a></i> <span style="font-size:85%;">D.C.Son & K.H.Lee [2017]</span></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Distribution">Distribution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Distribution" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <p><i>Semiaquilegia</i> is native to <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AGSE_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGSE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> If the genus is understood as only encompassing <i>Semiaquilegia adoxoides</i>, its range extends across China, Japan, and <a href="/wiki/Korea" title="Korea">Korea</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOC_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOC-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="Cultivation">Cultivation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cultivation" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <p>According to the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Garden_Society" title="Alpine Garden Society">Alpine Garden Society</a>, <i>Semiaquilegia</i> are well-suited to pot cultivation at alpine houses. The plants require well-drained soil and can be short-lived. Propagation can be achieved by sowing seeds when they are fresh and in the spring. <a href="/wiki/Division_(horticulture)" title="Division (horticulture)">Division</a> can also be used in propagation, if performed carefully.<sup id="cite_ref-AGSE_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AGSE-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><span class="indicator mf-icon mf-icon-expand mf-icon--small"></span><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"> <a role="button" href="/w/index.php?title=Semiaquilegia&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> <span class="minerva-icon minerva-icon--edit"></span> <span>edit</span> </a> </span> </div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Capitalization per 1920 text.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plants of the World Online now treat the three names as following: <i>S. Eastwoodiae</i> → <i><a href="/wiki/Aquilegia_micrantha" title="Aquilegia micrantha">Aquilegia micrantha</a></i> var. <i>micrantha</i>; <i>S. simulatrix</i> → <i><a href="/wiki/Aquilegia_ecalcarata" title="Aquilegia ecalcarata">Aquilegia ecalcarata</a></i>; <i>S. Henryi</i> → <i><a href="/wiki/Urophysa_henryi" title="Urophysa henryi">Urophysa henryi</a></i>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 16: 119. 1902</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOC-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOC_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOC_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOC_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOC_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOC_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOC_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=130061">"<i>Semiaquilegia</i>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Flora_of_China_(series)" title="Flora of China (series)">Flora of China</a></i>. Vol. 6. 2001. pp. <span class="nowrap">276–</span>277 – via efloras.org.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Semiaquilegia&rft.btitle=Flora+of+China&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E276-%3C%2Fspan%3E277&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.efloras.org%2Fflorataxon.aspx%3Fflora_id%3D2%26taxon_id%3D130061&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiaquilegia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AGSE-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AGSE_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AGSE_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AGSE_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AGSE_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AGSE_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://encyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net/plants/Semiaquilegia">"<i>Semiaquilegia</i>"</a>. <i>Alpine Garden Society Encyclopedia</i>. <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Garden_Society" title="Alpine Garden Society">Alpine Garden Society</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 January</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Semiaquilegia&rft.btitle=Alpine+Garden+Society+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Alpine+Garden+Society&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fencyclopaedia.alpinegardensociety.net%2Fplants%2FSemiaquilegia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiaquilegia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Nold-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nold_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nold_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nold_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nold_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nold_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nold_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNold2003" class="citation book cs1">Nold, Robert (2003). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/columbines00robe"><i>Columbines: </i>Aquilegia<i>, </i>Paraquilegia<i>, and </i>Semiaquilegia<i><span></span></i></a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Portland,_Oregon" title="Portland, Oregon">Portland</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oregon" title="Oregon">OR</a>: Timber Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0881925888" title="Special:BookSources/0881925888"><bdi>0881925888</bdi></a> – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Columbines%3A+Aquilegia%2C+Paraquilegia%2C+and+Semiaquilegia&rft.place=Portland%2C+OR&rft.pub=Timber+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0881925888&rft.aulast=Nold&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcolumbines00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASemiaquilegia" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bulletin-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Bulletin_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDrummondHutchinson1920" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_Ramsay_Drummond" title="James Ramsay Drummond">Drummond, J. 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