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Available in 13 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-13" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">13 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Civic Center (Manhattan) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Civic Center (Manhattan)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Civic Center (Manhattan) – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Civic Center (Manhattan)" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Civic Center (Manhattan) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Civic Center (Manhattan)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Civic Center (Manhattan) – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Civic Center (Manhattan)" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Civic Center (Manhattan) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Civic Center (Manhattan)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9C%EB%B9%85%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0_(%EB%A7%A8%ED%95%B4%ED%8A%BC)" title="시빅센터 (맨해튼) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="시빅센터 (맨해튼)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center,_Manhattan" title="Civic Center, Manhattan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Civic Center, Manhattan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Civic Center (Manhattan) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Civic Center (Manhattan)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B7%E3%83%B4%E3%82%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BB%E3%83%B3%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC_(%E3%83%9E%E3%83%B3%E3%83%8F%E3%83%83%E3%82%BF%E3%83%B3)" title="シヴィック・センター (マンハッタン) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="シヴィック・センター (マンハッタン)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civic_Center_(Manhattan)" title="Civic Center (Manhattan) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Civic Center (Manhattan)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BA-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Цивик-центр (Манхэттен) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цивик-центр (Манхэттен)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%96%D0%BA-%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80_(%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B3%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD)" title="Цивік-центр (Мангеттен) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цивік-центр (Мангеттен)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%82%E6%94%BF%E4%B8%AD%E5%BF%83_(%E6%9B%BC%E5%93%88%E9%A0%93)" title="市政中心 (曼哈頓) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="市政中心 (曼哈頓)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1094453#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" 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style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.71278; -74.00583</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Neighborhood of Manhattan in New York City</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Civic+Center%2C+Manhattan%22">"Civic Center, Manhattan"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Civic+Center%2C+Manhattan%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Civic+Center%2C+Manhattan%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Civic+Center%2C+Manhattan%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Civic+Center%2C+Manhattan%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Civic+Center%2C+Manhattan%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2013</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p> <span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&params=40_42_46_N_74_00_21_W_region:US-NY_type:city_scale:30,000_source:kolossus-dewiki"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">40°42′46″N</span> <span class="longitude">74°00′21″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">40.71278°N 74.00583°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">40.71278; -74.00583</span></span></span></a></span></span> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_Hall_exterior,_October_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/220px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/330px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/440px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12641" data-file-height="5249" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a> in the Civic Center neighborhood of <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <b>Civic Center</b> is an area and <a href="/wiki/Neighborhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Neighborhood">neighborhood</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, New York City, that encompasses <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a>, <a href="/wiki/One_Police_Plaza" class="mw-redirect" title="One Police Plaza">One Police Plaza</a>, the courthouses in <a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley Square</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Correctional_Center,_New_York" title="Metropolitan Correctional Center, New York">Metropolitan Correctional Center</a>, and the surrounding area. The district is bound on the west by <a href="/wiki/Tribeca" title="Tribeca">Tribeca</a> at <a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a>, on the north by <a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Chinatown</a> at <a href="/wiki/Worth_Street" title="Worth Street">Worth Street</a> or Bayard Street, on the east by the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge" title="Brooklyn Bridge">Brooklyn Bridge</a> at <a href="/wiki/South_Street_(Manhattan)" title="South Street (Manhattan)">South Street</a>, and on the south by the <a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a> at <a href="/wiki/Ann_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Ann Street (Manhattan)">Ann Street</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Land_use">Land use</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Land use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although government-related activities are predominant, other pursuits also occur within the district, including entertainment, industrial activity, residential dwellings, and warehousing.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, there are Chinese restaurants near Civic Center's border with Chinatown, in addition to some museums and some residential buildings in the Civic Center area. </p><p>The area is roughly 10 blocks long and 5 blocks wide, but with only approximately 20,000 residents, it is far less dense than most of Manhattan, where the average number of residents for an area that size is around 35,000.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:292px;max-width:292px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:155px;max-width:155px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:203px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building_(48129111092).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building_%2848129111092%29.jpg/153px-Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building_%2848129111092%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="153" height="204" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building_%2848129111092%29.jpg/230px-Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building_%2848129111092%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building_%2848129111092%29.jpg/306px-Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building_%2848129111092%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2474" data-file-height="3298" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building" title="Jacob K. Javits Federal Building">Javits Federal Building</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:133px;max-width:133px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:203px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:8_Spruce_Street_and_Woolworth_Building.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/8_Spruce_Street_and_Woolworth_Building.jpg/131px-8_Spruce_Street_and_Woolworth_Building.jpg" decoding="async" width="131" height="203" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/8_Spruce_Street_and_Woolworth_Building.jpg/197px-8_Spruce_Street_and_Woolworth_Building.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/8_Spruce_Street_and_Woolworth_Building.jpg/262px-8_Spruce_Street_and_Woolworth_Building.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2765" data-file-height="4282" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><a href="/wiki/8_Spruce_Street" title="8 Spruce Street">8 Spruce Street</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building" title="Jacob K. Javits Federal Building">Jacob K. Javits Federal Building</a> is located in the area, which includes the New York <a href="/wiki/FBI_field_office" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI field office">field office</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Non-government buildings include the 387 feet (118 m) <a href="/wiki/15_Park_Row" class="mw-redirect" title="15 Park Row">15 Park Row</a>, an office and residential building which was the city's highest from 1899 to 1908. The 21-story granite <a href="/wiki/150_Nassau_Street" title="150 Nassau Street">150 Nassau Street</a> building was once a publisher's building, as were many in the area, but is now a residential building, as is the <a href="/wiki/Potter_Building" title="Potter Building">Potter Building</a> at 38 Park Row. The 76-story <a href="/wiki/8_Spruce_Street" title="8 Spruce Street">8 Spruce Street</a> is among the world's tallest residential buildings. <a href="/wiki/Southbridge_Towers" title="Southbridge Towers">Southbridge Towers</a>, once <a href="/wiki/Mitchell-Lama" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitchell-Lama">Mitchell-Lama</a> affordable housing, is now market-rate housing.<sup id="cite_ref-nytimes_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nytimes-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lenape_settlement">Lenape settlement</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Lenape settlement"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Collect_Pond-Bayard_Mount-NYC_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Collect_Pond-Bayard_Mount-NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg/220px-Collect_Pond-Bayard_Mount-NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Collect_Pond-Bayard_Mount-NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Collect_Pond-Bayard_Mount-NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Collect_Pond-Bayard_Mount-NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg/440px-Collect_Pond-Bayard_Mount-NYC_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3311" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>A 1798 <a href="/wiki/Watercolor" class="mw-redirect" title="Watercolor">watercolor</a> painting of <a href="/wiki/Collect_Pond" title="Collect Pond">Collect Pond</a> in the Civic Center neighborhood</figcaption></figure> <p>Originally, the Lenape American Indians occupied the Civic Center area due to its rich pastoral fields and its proximity to the <a href="/wiki/East_River" title="East River">East River</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hudson_River" title="Hudson River">Hudson River</a>. There was a series of marshes in the area and a big pond in what is now <a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley Square</a> that the early settlers called "The Collect" or "<a href="/wiki/Collect_Pond" title="Collect Pond">Collect Pond</a>". The area was so low lying that during the spring floods, the Indians could paddle from the East River to the Hudson River through the Collect Pond. </p><p>Then in 1609, <a href="/wiki/Henry_Hudson" title="Henry Hudson">Henry Hudson</a>, an English explorer working for the Dutch, came and claimed the land for the Dutch. The colony there grew and farms began to expand, so the demand for workers increased. The <a href="/wiki/Dutch_West_Indies_Company" class="mw-redirect" title="Dutch West Indies Company">Dutch West Indies Company</a> decided to import slaves in 1625 to the new colony. The Civic Center was known as the commons and the first recorded building was a <a href="/wiki/Windmill" title="Windmill">windmill</a> built by Jan de Wit and Denys Hartogveldt in 1663. The next year, the colony was renamed New York and the state seal was created the following year. Farms continued to grow and slavery expanded rapidly. The slaves built a burial ground in the north area of the Civic Center. The slaves would bury people at night even though it was illegal, to ensure their brethren had a proper burial service. Because of the slaves' sneaking out and racism, the <a href="/wiki/Trinity_Church_(Manhattan)" title="Trinity Church (Manhattan)">Trinity Church</a> banned African burial ceremonies in 1697. This rule was then overturned in 1773. </p><p>The city continued expanding and the government system became increasingly powerful. The local government decided to finance their first public works building through public funding. In 1735, the Almshouse was built as a center to house the ill and impoverished, a jail, a workhouse and infirmary. A score later another jail was built called New Gaol, which was a debtor prison. Soldier barracks were built on the western border of the commons. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Property_development">Property development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Property development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:City_Hall_Park_-_New_York_(1).tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/City_Hall_Park_-_New_York_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-220px-City_Hall_Park_-_New_York_%281%29.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="142" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/City_Hall_Park_-_New_York_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-330px-City_Hall_Park_-_New_York_%281%29.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/98/City_Hall_Park_-_New_York_%281%29.tif/lossy-page1-440px-City_Hall_Park_-_New_York_%281%29.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2102" /></a><figcaption>City Hall Park in the Civic Center neighborhood</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a>, the old British soldiers' barracks were used as temporary barracks.<sup id="cite_ref-New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_&_Recreation_1939_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_&_Recreation_1939-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 1869 and 1880, the <a href="/wiki/City_Hall_Post_Office_and_Courthouse_(New_York_City)" title="City Hall Post Office and Courthouse (New York City)">City Hall Post Office and Courthouse</a> was erected at the southern end of City Hall Park; the building was not well received and was destroyed in 1939.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Tweed_Courthouse" title="Tweed Courthouse">Tweed Courthouse</a> was also built at the north end of City Hall Park at the same time, being completed in 1881. Though the building had begun construction in 1861, work on the building stopped between 1872 and 1877 after the downfall of its patron <a href="/wiki/William_M._Tweed" title="William M. Tweed">Boss Tweed</a> and the death of its primary architect.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1880s, the city of New York was rapidly growing; the population had increased to more than a million residents, and the government was outgrowing its offices. The mayor, <a href="/wiki/Franklin_Edson" title="Franklin Edson">Franklin Edson</a>, recognized the need for more space for government offices and was reluctant to add onto the original City Hall building. Instead, between the years of 1888 and 1907, the city organized a series of competitions to choose designs for several new structures.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On the western edge of the Civic Center, several buildings were completed in the 1890s. The first buildings to be completed were the <a href="/wiki/Home_Life_Building" title="Home Life Building">Home Life and Postal Telegraph Buildings</a> at Broadway and Murray Street, constructed simultaneously between 1892 and 1894, and later combined into one structure.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nysky_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysky-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 211–212">: 211–212 </span></sup> Immediately to the north is the <a href="/wiki/Rogers_Peet_Building" title="Rogers Peet Building">Rogers Peet Building</a>, constructed in 1899 after a fire the previous year had razed its predecessor of the same name.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1900, <a href="/wiki/Cass_Gilbert" title="Cass Gilbert">Cass Gilbert</a> completed his first New York City design, the 18-story <a href="/wiki/Broadway%E2%80%93Chambers_Building" title="Broadway–Chambers Building">Broadway–Chambers Building</a> at Broadway and Chambers Street.<sup id="cite_ref-nysky_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nysky-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 272">: 272 </span></sup> </p><p>On December 3, 1897, people rejoiced by City Hall in celebration of the consolidation of <a href="/wiki/The_Bronx" title="The Bronx">the Bronx</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Queens" title="Queens">Queens</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Staten_Island" title="Staten Island">Staten Island</a> into the <a href="/wiki/City_of_Greater_New_York" title="City of Greater New York">City of Greater New York</a>. The new New York City numbered more than 4.5 million residents. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="20th_century">20th century</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 20th century"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Civic_Center,_Manhattan_from_One_World_Observatory.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Civic_Center%2C_Manhattan_from_One_World_Observatory.JPG/220px-Civic_Center%2C_Manhattan_from_One_World_Observatory.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Civic_Center%2C_Manhattan_from_One_World_Observatory.JPG/330px-Civic_Center%2C_Manhattan_from_One_World_Observatory.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Civic_Center%2C_Manhattan_from_One_World_Observatory.JPG/440px-Civic_Center%2C_Manhattan_from_One_World_Observatory.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The Civic Center neighborhood seen from <a href="/wiki/One_World_Observatory" class="mw-redirect" title="One World Observatory">One World Observatory</a> in June 2015</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pace_University_-_Building_(48126561633).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pace_University_-_Building_%2848126561633%29.jpg/220px-Pace_University_-_Building_%2848126561633%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pace_University_-_Building_%2848126561633%29.jpg/330px-Pace_University_-_Building_%2848126561633%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ac/Pace_University_-_Building_%2848126561633%29.jpg/440px-Pace_University_-_Building_%2848126561633%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3913" data-file-height="3913" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Pace_University" title="Pace University">Pace University</a> in the Civic Center neighborhood</figcaption></figure> <p>Post-consolidation work on the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Early_history_of_the_IRT_subway" title="Early history of the IRT subway">first line</a> began in 1900, and the <a href="/wiki/City_Hall_station_(IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line)" title="City Hall station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)">City Hall</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge%E2%80%93City_Hall/Chambers_Street_station" title="Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall/Chambers Street station">Brooklyn Bridge</a> stations opened in 1904.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Emigrant_Savings_Bank" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigrant Savings Bank">Emigrant Savings Bank</a>, a bank for Irish immigrants established at 51 Chambers Street in 1850, built the <a href="/wiki/Emigrant_Industrial_Savings_Bank_Building" class="mw-redirect" title="Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank Building">Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank Building</a> on the site of their old headquarters between 1909 and 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-nycland_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nycland-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 31">: 31 </span></sup> Immediately to the east, the <a href="/wiki/Surrogate%27s_Courthouse" title="Surrogate's Courthouse">Surrogate's Courthouse</a>, originally called the Hall of Records, was built between 1899 and 1907.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 40-story <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Municipal_Building" title="Manhattan Municipal Building">Municipal Building</a>, at the intersection of Centre and Chambers Streets, was completed in 1914 and has a gilded <i>Civic Fame</i> statue on top of the tower.<sup id="cite_ref-nycland_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nycland-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 33">: 33 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-aia4_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aia4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 71">: 71 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1906, the Pace brothers founded the firm of Pace & Pace to operate their schools of accountancy and business. Taking a loan of $600, the Pace brothers rented a classroom on one of the floors of the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune_Building" title="New York Tribune Building">New York Tribune Building</a>. The school would later become <a href="/wiki/Pace_University" title="Pace University">Pace University</a>. </p><p>The city continued to innovate, and in 1908, <a href="/wiki/City_Hall_Park" title="City Hall Park">City Hall Park</a> was renovated, and the old gaslights were replaced with electric ones. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Gothic_architecture" title="Gothic architecture">Gothic</a> style <a href="/wiki/Woolworth_Building" title="Woolworth Building">Woolworth Building</a>, at Broadway between Park Place and Barclay Street, was designed by Cass Gilbert for <a href="/wiki/Frank_Winfield_Woolworth" title="Frank Winfield Woolworth">Frank Winfield Woolworth</a>, the owner of the "<a href="/wiki/Five_and_dime" class="mw-redirect" title="Five and dime">five and dime</a>" <a href="/wiki/F._W._Woolworth_Company" title="F. W. Woolworth Company">Woolworth</a>'s retail chain. Completed in 1913, the Woolworth Building was the tallest building in the world until 1930; its ornamentation gave it the nickname the "Cathedral of Commerce".<sup id="cite_ref-aia4_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-aia4-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 67">: 67 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As early as 1915, <i><a href="/wiki/Charles_Haviland_Mekeel#Philatelic_literature" title="Charles Haviland Mekeel">Mekeel's Weekly Stamp News</a></i> contained many advertisements for stamp dealers in Nassau Street. In the 1930s, <a href="/wiki/Stamp_collecting" title="Stamp collecting">stamp collecting</a> became very popular, and Nassau Street was the center of New York City's "Stamp District", called its "Street of Stamps", with dozens of stamp and coin dealers along its short length. The Stamp Center Building was located at 116 Nassau Street, and the Subway Stamp Shop was located at 87 Nassau Street. </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, masses gathered in City Hall Park as a place to protest the government. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Renovations">Renovations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Renovations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Under Mayor <a href="/wiki/Fiorello_La_Guardia" title="Fiorello La Guardia">Fiorello La Guardia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Robert_Moses" title="Robert Moses">Robert Moses</a> unveiled an ambitious plan to renovate the park in the late 1930s. The plan called for the Federal Post Office to be torn down, but this plan was stopped due to opposition from city officials and community groups. </p><p>The Delacorte family donated the <i>Shew Fountain</i>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (June 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Twenty-one years later,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (May 2016)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> Mayor <a href="/wiki/Rudy_Giuliani" title="Rudy Giuliani">Rudy Giuliani</a> rededicated the park for 7.5 million dollars and removed the Shew Fountain. </p><p>In 1964, the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_New_York_City" title="Government of New York City">government of New York City</a> was authorized to buy several plots north of City Hall Park.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The redevelopment plans were ultimately scrapped due to the <a href="/wiki/1975_New_York_City_fiscal_crisis" class="mw-redirect" title="1975 New York City fiscal crisis">1975 New York City fiscal crisis</a>, but the city retained ownership of the Emigrant Savings Bank Building.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Tweed_Courthouse" title="Tweed Courthouse">Tweed Courthouse</a> was renovated and redesigned between 1999 and 2001,<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> becoming the Department of Education's headquarters in 2002.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The former Emigrant Bank Building was converted into a condominium development called <a href="/wiki/49_Chambers" title="49 Chambers">49 Chambers</a> in 2017.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Usages">Usages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Usages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="African_Burial_Ground">African Burial Ground</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: African Burial Ground"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lossy-page1-7216px-African_Burial_Ground,_New_York,_New_York_LCCN2010719187_(edited).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Lossy-page1-7216px-African_Burial_Ground%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_LCCN2010719187_%28edited%29.jpg/220px-Lossy-page1-7216px-African_Burial_Ground%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_LCCN2010719187_%28edited%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Lossy-page1-7216px-African_Burial_Ground%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_LCCN2010719187_%28edited%29.jpg/330px-Lossy-page1-7216px-African_Burial_Ground%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_LCCN2010719187_%28edited%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Lossy-page1-7216px-African_Burial_Ground%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_LCCN2010719187_%28edited%29.jpg/440px-Lossy-page1-7216px-African_Burial_Ground%2C_New_York%2C_New_York_LCCN2010719187_%28edited%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="7216" data-file-height="5412" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground National Monument</a> in Civic Center</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1991, while constructing the <a href="/wiki/Ted_Weiss_Federal_Building" title="Ted Weiss Federal Building">Ted Weiss Federal Building</a>, the excavators found thousands of graves. Scientists estimated that the land was the largest cemetery in the world for people of African descent, projecting that approximately 15,000 to 20,000 people were buried there, although only 420 bodies were excavated.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground National Monument</a> was established, and a memorial site was constructed, opening in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The visitor center was opened in 2010 and has a video on the discovery of the graves, sculptures of the burial process, and information on the lives of the slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Newspaper_publishing">Newspaper publishing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Newspaper publishing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Newspaper_Row,_1906.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Newspaper_Row%2C_1906.JPG/220px-Newspaper_Row%2C_1906.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Newspaper_Row%2C_1906.JPG/330px-Newspaper_Row%2C_1906.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Newspaper_Row%2C_1906.JPG/440px-Newspaper_Row%2C_1906.JPG 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="599" /></a><figcaption>Newspaper Row prior to 1903 with the original <a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune_Building" title="New York Tribune Building">New York Tribune Building</a> in the center</figcaption></figure> <p>A wave of newspaper companies arose in 1835 after the invention of the <a href="/wiki/Printing_press" title="Printing press">steam press</a>, which turned out printed sheets mechanically, replacing the old hand-cranked method. The convenience of mass production generated a <a href="/wiki/Penny_press" title="Penny press">penny press</a> and mass consumption of sensational news. The Civic Center was always a desirable location for newspapers because it was so close to City Hall and the courts, but the numbers increased exponentially after the invention of the steam press. <a href="/wiki/Park_Row_(Manhattan)" title="Park Row (Manhattan)">Park Row</a> became known as "Newspaper Row", and between the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">Civil War</a> and <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, 60 newspapers were published there. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Sun" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Sun">New York Sun</a></i> began publication in 1833, as a morning newspaper edited by <a href="/wiki/Benjamin_Day_(publisher)" class="mw-redirect" title="Benjamin Day (publisher)">Benjamin Day</a> with the slogan: "It Shines for All". The newspaper's offices, a converted <a href="/wiki/A.T._Stewart" class="mw-redirect" title="A.T. Stewart">A.T. Stewart</a> department store at <a href="/wiki/280_Broadway" title="280 Broadway">280 Broadway</a>, between <a href="/wiki/Chambers_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Chambers Street (Manhattan)">Chambers</a> and Duane Streets, is famous for the clocks that bear the newspaper's masthead and motto. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Horace_Greeley" title="Horace Greeley">Horace Greeley</a> created the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Tribune">New York Tribune</a></i> in 1841 with the hopes of providing a straightforward, trustworthy media source in an era when newspapers such as the <i>New York Sun</i> and <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Herald" title="New York Herald">New York Herald</a></i> thrived on <a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">sensationalism</a>. The <i>Tribune</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s original building was located on 30 <a href="/wiki/Ann_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Ann Street (Manhattan)">Ann Street</a>, but was moved to the <a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune_Building" title="New York Tribune Building">New York Tribune Building</a> in 1875. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span> first building was located at 113 <a href="/wiki/Nassau_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Nassau Street (Manhattan)">Nassau Street</a> in lower Manhattan. In 1854, it moved to 138 Nassau Street, and in 1858 it moved to <a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Building_(41_Park_Row)" title="New York Times Building (41 Park Row)">41 Park Row</a>, making it the first newspaper in New York City housed in a building built specifically for its use.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Frank Queen bought a small office on Nassau Street and began publishing the <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Clipper" title="New York Clipper">New York Clipper</a></i> in 1853, making it the first American paper devoted entirely to entertainment; the paper eventually shortened its name to <i>The Clipper</i>. The paper was one of the earliest publications in the United States to regularly cover sports, and it played an important role in popularizing <a href="/wiki/Baseball" title="Baseball">baseball</a> in the country. In addition to more popular sporting events, the <i>New York Clipper</i> also wrote about <a href="/wiki/Billiards" class="mw-redirect" title="Billiards">billiards</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bowling" title="Bowling">bowling</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Chess" title="Chess">chess</a>. It began covering <a href="/wiki/American_football" title="American football">American football</a> in 1880. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_World" title="New York World">New York World</a></i> was founded in 1860 but was a relatively unsuccessful New York newspaper from 1860 to 1883. <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Pulitzer" title="Joseph Pulitzer">Joseph Pulitzer</a> purchased it in 1883, and a new, aggressive era of circulation building began. In 1890, Pulitzer built the <a href="/wiki/New_York_World_Building" title="New York World Building">New York World Building</a>, the tallest office building in the world at the time (it was razed in 1955). </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Journal">New York Journal</a></i> was established in 1868, as a paper published every other day. The paper was barely financially stable and in 1895, <a href="/wiki/William_Randolph_Hearst" title="William Randolph Hearst">William Randolph Hearst</a> purchased it. He made major changes to the paper, and adopting the approach used by Joseph Pulitzer, he began competing with the <i>New York World</i>. Each publication would compete by fabricating and embellishing stories more than the other. They increased their title font sizes, and focused more on the title than the actual story. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_Revolution_(newspaper)" title="The Revolution (newspaper)">The Revolution</a></i>, also established in 1868, was a women's rights newspaper founded by <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_Cady_Stanton" title="Elizabeth Cady Stanton">Elizabeth Cady Stanton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Susan_B._Anthony" title="Susan B. Anthony">Susan B. Anthony</a>. </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/New_York_Press" title="New York Press">New York Press</a></i> was a New York City newspaper that began publication in December 1887 and published notable writers such as <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Crane" title="Stephen Crane">Stephen Crane</a>. It also coined the term "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">yellow journalism</a>" in early 1897, to refer to the work of Joseph Pulitzer's <i>New York World</i> and William Randolph Hearst's <i>New York Journal</i>. </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_People_(1891)" class="mw-redirect" title="The People (1891)">The Daily People</a></i> was a weekly newspaper established in New York City in 1891, and is best remembered as a vehicle for the ideas of <a href="/wiki/Daniel_DeLeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel DeLeon">Daniel DeLeon</a> (1852–1914), the dominant ideological leader of the <a href="/wiki/Socialist_Labor_Party_of_America" title="Socialist Labor Party of America">Socialist Labor Party of America</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Yellow_journalism">Yellow journalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Yellow journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>New York Press</i> said, in 1898, about papers practicing "yellow journalism": it "We called them Yellow because they are Yellow." </p><p>The "<a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">yellow journalism</a>" tactics used by the <i>New York Journal</i> and the <i>New York World</i> increased circulation and influenced the content and style of newspapers in most of the America's major cities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (May 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Many aspects of yellow journalism, such as banner headlines, sensational stories, an emphasis on illustrations, and colored supplements, became a permanent feature of popular newspapers in the United States and Europe during the 20th century. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWhiteWillenskyLeadon2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norval_White" title="Norval White">White, Norval</a>; Willensky, Elliot; Leadon, Fran (2010). <i><a href="/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City" title="AIA Guide to New York City">AIA Guide to New York City</a></i> (5th ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 71. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19538-386-7"><bdi>978-0-19538-386-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+New+York+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=71&rft.edition=5th&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-19538-386-7&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Norval&rft.au=Willensky%2C+Elliot&rft.au=Leadon%2C+Fran&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nytimes-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nytimes_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/31/realestate/31living.html?_r=0">"The Verdict: Change and Chinese Food"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. January 31, 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 17,</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Verdict%3A+Change+and+Chinese+Food&rft.date=2010-01-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F01%2F31%2Frealestate%2F31living.html%3F_r%3D0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fbi.gov/newyork">New York Field Office</a>." <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>. Retrieved on June 9, 2015. "26 Federal Plaza, 23rd Floor New York, NY 10278-0004"</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_&_Recreation_1939-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-New_York_City_Department_of_Parks_&_Recreation_1939_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nycgovparks.org/parks/city-hall-park/history">"City Hall Park Highlights : NYC Parks"</a>. <i>New York City Department of Parks & Recreation</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=New+York+City+Department+of+Parks+%26+Recreation&rft.atitle=City+Hall+Park+Highlights+%3A+NYC+Parks&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nycgovparks.org%2Fparks%2Fcity-hall-park%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver2007" class="citation book cs1">Silver, Nathan (2007). <i>Lost New York</i> (Expanded ed.). New York: Mariner Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-05475-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-05475-6"><bdi>978-0-618-05475-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lost+New+York&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=Expanded&rft.pub=Mariner+Books&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-618-05475-6&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerszenhorn1999" class="citation news cs1">Herszenhorn, David M. (October 8, 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/08/nyregion/it-s-city-hall-park-where-everything-old-has-been-made-new.html">"It's City Hall Park, Where Everything Old Has Been Made New"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170915183830/http://www.nytimes.com/1999/10/08/nyregion/it-s-city-hall-park-where-everything-old-has-been-made-new.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 15, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 15,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=It%27s+City+Hall+Park%2C+Where+Everything+Old+Has+Been+Made+New&rft.date=1999-10-08&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Herszenhorn&rft.aufirst=David+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1999%2F10%2F08%2Fnyregion%2Fit-s-city-hall-park-where-everything-old-has-been-made-new.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/dcas/business/dcasmanagedbuildings/david-n-dinkins-manhattan-municipal-building.page">"The David N. Dinkins Manhattan Municipal Building"</a>. New York City Department of Citywide Administrative Services<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 14,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+David+N.+Dinkins+Manhattan+Municipal+Building&rft.pub=New+York+City+Department+of+Citywide+Administrative+Services&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fsite%2Fdcas%2Fbusiness%2Fdcasmanagedbuildings%2Fdavid-n-dinkins-manhattan-municipal-building.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1751.pdf">"(Former) Home Life Insurance Company Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. November 12, 1991. p. 3<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=%28Former%29+Home+Life+Insurance+Company+Building&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1991-11-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F1751.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nysky-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nysky_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nysky_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLandauCondit1996" class="citation book cs1">Landau, Sarah; Condit, Carl W. (1996). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/riseofnewyorksky0000land"><i>Rise of the New York Skyscraper, 1865–1913</i></a></span>. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07739-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-300-07739-1"><bdi>978-0-300-07739-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/32819286">32819286</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rise+of+the+New+York+Skyscraper%2C+1865%E2%80%931913&rft.place=New+Haven%2C+CT&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F32819286&rft.isbn=978-0-300-07739-1&rft.aulast=Landau&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft.au=Condit%2C+Carl+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Friseofnewyorksky0000land&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/2432.pdf">"Rogers, Peet & Company Building"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. December 14, 2010. p. 1<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Rogers%2C+Peet+%26+Company+Building&rft.pages=1&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=2010-12-14&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F2432.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1904/10/28/118948832.html">"Our Subway Open: 150,000 Try It; Mayor McClellan Runs the First Official Train"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. October 28, 1904. p. 1. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 21,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Our+Subway+Open%3A+150%2C000+Try+It%3B+Mayor+McClellan+Runs+the+First+Official+Train.&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1904-10-28&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesmachine.nytimes.com%2Ftimesmachine%2F1904%2F10%2F28%2F118948832.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://s-media.nyc.gov/agencies/lpc/lp/1096.pdf">"Interborough Rapid Transit System, Underground Interior"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>. October 23, 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 19,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Interborough+Rapid+Transit+System%2C+Underground+Interior&rft.pub=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.date=1979-10-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fs-media.nyc.gov%2Fagencies%2Flpc%2Flp%2F1096.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nycland-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nycland_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nycland_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNew_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_CommissionDolkartPostal2009" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Landmarks_Preservation_Commission" title="New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission">New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission</a>; <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Dolkart" title="Andrew Dolkart">Dolkart, Andrew S.</a>; Postal, Matthew A. (2009). Postal, Matthew A. (ed.). <i>Guide to New York City Landmarks</i> (4th ed.). New York: John Wiley & Sons. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-470-28963-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-470-28963-1"><bdi>978-0-470-28963-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guide+to+New+York+City+Landmarks&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=John+Wiley+%26+Sons&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-470-28963-1&rft.au=New+York+City+Landmarks+Preservation+Commission&rft.au=Dolkart%2C+Andrew+S.&rft.au=Postal%2C+Matthew+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www1.nyc.gov/site/dcas/business/dcasmanagedbuildings/surrogate-courthouse.page">"The Surrogate's Courthouse"</a>. <i>Department of Citywide Administrative Services</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Department+of+Citywide+Administrative+Services&rft.atitle=The+Surrogate%27s+Courthouse&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww1.nyc.gov%2Fsite%2Fdcas%2Fbusiness%2Fdcasmanagedbuildings%2Fsurrogate-courthouse.page&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-aia4-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-aia4_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-aia4_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhiteWillensky2000" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Norval_White" title="Norval White">White, Norval</a> & Willensky, Elliot (2000). <i><a href="/wiki/AIA_Guide_to_New_York_City" title="AIA Guide to New York City">AIA Guide to New York City</a></i> (4th ed.). New York: Three Rivers Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3107-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8129-3107-5"><bdi>978-0-8129-3107-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=AIA+Guide+to+New+York+City&rft.place=New+York&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Three+Rivers+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8129-3107-5&rft.aulast=White&rft.aufirst=Norval&rft.au=Willensky%2C+Elliot&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBartnett1962" class="citation news cs1">Bartnett, Edmond J. (February 11, 1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1962/02/11/archives/woolworth-building-after-50-years-is-still-a-cathedral-of-commerce.html">"Woolworth Building After 50 Years Is Still a 'Cathedral of Commerce'; Gothic Tower Is Kept Up to Date, But Retains Charm of Past Era"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 26,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Woolworth+Building+After+50+Years+Is+Still+a+%27Cathedral+of+Commerce%27%3B+Gothic+Tower+Is+Kept+Up+to+Date%2C+But+Retains+Charm+of+Past+Era&rft.date=1962-02-11&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Bartnett&rft.aufirst=Edmond+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1962%2F02%2F11%2Farchives%2Fwoolworth-building-after-50-years-is-still-a-cathedral-of-commerce.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1964/11/17/archives/city-authorized-to-buy-land-for-a-civic-center-goahead-is-given-for.html">"City Authorized to Buy Land for a Civic Center"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 17, 1964. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 4,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+Authorized+to+Buy+Land+for+a+Civic+Center&rft.date=1964-11-17&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1964%2F11%2F17%2Farchives%2Fcity-authorized-to-buy-land-for-a-civic-center-goahead-is-given-for.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPerez-Pena1995" class="citation news cs1">Perez-Pena, Richard (January 9, 1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1995/01/09/nyregion/city-hall-to-let-developer-save-2-landmarks.html">"City Hall to Let Developer Save 2 Landmarks"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=City+Hall+to+Let+Developer+Save+2+Landmarks&rft.date=1995-01-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Perez-Pena&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1995%2F01%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fcity-hall-to-let-developer-save-2-landmarks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2001" class="citation news cs1">Dunlap, David W. (March 9, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/09/nyregion/grandeur-that-graft-built-boss-tweed-s-courthouse-slowly-reveals-its-glory.html">"The Grandeur That Graft Built; Boss Tweed's Courthouse Slowly Reveals Its Glory In a Painstaking and Expensive Restoration"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150527155724/http://www.nytimes.com/2001/03/09/nyregion/grandeur-that-graft-built-boss-tweed-s-courthouse-slowly-reveals-its-glory.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 27, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=The+Grandeur+That+Graft+Built%3B+Boss+Tweed%27s+Courthouse+Slowly+Reveals+Its+Glory+In+a+Painstaking+and+Expensive+Restoration&rft.date=2001-03-09&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F03%2F09%2Fnyregion%2Fgrandeur-that-graft-built-boss-tweed-s-courthouse-slowly-reveals-its-glory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGoodnough2002" class="citation news cs1">Goodnough, Abby (October 15, 2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/15/nyregion/plan-for-school-in-courthouse-is-up-in-air-educators-say.html">"Plan for School In Courthouse Is Up in Air, Educators Say"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180128154957/http://www.nytimes.com/2002/10/15/nyregion/plan-for-school-in-courthouse-is-up-in-air-educators-say.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 28, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 17,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Plan+for+School+In+Courthouse+Is+Up+in+Air%2C+Educators+Say&rft.date=2002-10-15&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Goodnough&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2002%2F10%2F15%2Fnyregion%2Fplan-for-school-in-courthouse-is-up-in-air-educators-say.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLaterman2017" class="citation news cs1">Laterman, Kaya (March 31, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2017/03/31/realestate/historic-bank-building-near-city-hall-becoming-condos.html">"Historic Bank Building Near City Hall Becoming Condos"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 2,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Historic+Bank+Building+Near+City+Hall+Becoming+Condos&rft.date=2017-03-31&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Laterman&rft.aufirst=Kaya&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2017%2F03%2F31%2Frealestate%2Fhistoric-bank-building-near-city-hall-becoming-condos.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archaeology.org/online/features/afrburial/">Spencer P.M. Harrington, "Bones and Bureaucrats"</a>, <i>Archaeology</i>, March/April 1993. Retrieved February 11, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7031142.stm">"New York opens slave burial site"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. October 6, 2007. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071011005507/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/7031142.stm">Archived</a> from the original on October 11, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 6,</span> 2007</span>. <q>The late 18th Century burial site was gradually built over as New York expanded, but was rediscovered during an excavation in 1991. Some 400 remains, many of children, were found during excavations. Half of the remains found at the burial site were of children under the age of 12.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=New+York+opens+slave+burial+site&rft.date=2007-10-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Famericas%2F7031142.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRothstein2010" class="citation news cs1">Rothstein, Edward (February 25, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/26/arts/design/26burial.html">"A Burial Ground and Its Dead Are Given Life"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=A+Burial+Ground+and+Its+Dead+Are+Given+Life&rft.date=2010-02-25&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Rothstein&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2010%2F02%2F26%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F26burial.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunlap2001" class="citation news cs1">Dunlap, David W. (November 14, 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2001/11/14/news/150th-anniversary-1851-2001-six-buildings-that-share-one-story.html">"150th Anniversary: 1851-2001; Six Buildings That Share One Story"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0362-4331">0362-4331</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">September 5,</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=150th+Anniversary%3A+1851-2001%3B+Six+Buildings+That+Share+One+Story&rft.date=2001-11-14&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.aulast=Dunlap&rft.aufirst=David+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2001%2F11%2F14%2Fnews%2F150th-anniversary-1851-2001-six-buildings-that-share-one-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACivic+Center%2C+Manhattan" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Civic_Center,_Manhattan" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Civic Center, Manhattan">Civic Center, Manhattan</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Civic_Center" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Civic_Center,_Manhattan" title="Template:Civic Center, Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Civic_Center,_Manhattan" title="Template talk:Civic Center, Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Civic_Center,_Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Civic Center, Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Civic_Center" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Civic Center</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Government buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Police_Plaza" title="1 Police Plaza">1 Police Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Patrick_Moynihan_United_States_Courthouse" title="Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse">Daniel Patrick Moynihan United States Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Life_Building" title="Home Life Building">Home Life Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_K._Javits_Federal_Building" title="Jacob K. Javits Federal Building">Jacob K. Javits Federal Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_J._Lefkowitz_Building" title="Louis J. Lefkowitz Building">Louis J. Lefkowitz Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Municipal_Building" title="Manhattan Municipal Building">Manhattan Municipal Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Correctional_Center,_New_York" title="Metropolitan Correctional Center, New York">Metropolitan Correctional Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Hall" title="New York City Hall">New York City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_County_Courthouse" title="New York County Courthouse">New York County Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surrogate%27s_Courthouse" title="Surrogate's Courthouse">Surrogate's Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Weiss_Federal_Building" title="Ted Weiss Federal Building">Ted Weiss Federal Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweed_Courthouse" title="Tweed Courthouse">Tweed Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thurgood_Marshall_United_States_Courthouse" title="Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse">Thurgood Marshall United States Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Court_of_International_Trade" title="United States Court of International Trade">United States Court of International Trade</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:New_York_City_Hall_exterior,_October_2016.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="City Hall"><img alt="City Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/100px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="42" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/150px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg/200px-New_York_City_Hall_exterior%2C_October_2016.jpg 2x" data-file-width="12641" data-file-height="5249" /></a></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Municipal_Building_-_New_York_City.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Municipal Building"><img alt="Municipal Building" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Municipal_Building_-_New_York_City.jpg/100px-Municipal_Building_-_New_York_City.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Municipal_Building_-_New_York_City.jpg/150px-Municipal_Building_-_New_York_City.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Municipal_Building_-_New_York_City.jpg/200px-Municipal_Building_-_New_York_City.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Non-government<br />buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Current_buildings" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current buildings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/5_Beekman_Street" title="5 Beekman Street">5 Beekman Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8_Spruce_Street" title="8 Spruce Street">8 Spruce Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/49_Chambers" title="49 Chambers">49 Chambers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/150_Nassau_Street" title="150 Nassau Street">150 Nassau Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/280_Broadway" title="280 Broadway">280 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/287_Broadway" title="287 Broadway">287 Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/375_Pearl_Street" title="375 Pearl Street">375 Pearl Street</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hall_des_Lumieres" title="Hall des Lumieres">Hall des Lumieres</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ahrens_Building" title="Ahrens Building">Ahrens Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadway%E2%80%93Chambers_Building" title="Broadway–Chambers Building">Broadway–Chambers Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firehouse,_Engine_Company_31" title="Firehouse, Engine Company 31">Firehouse, Engine Company 31</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morse_Building" title="Morse Building">Morse Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Building_(41_Park_Row)" title="New York Times Building (41 Park Row)">New York Times Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Row_Building" title="Park Row Building">Park Row Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Potter_Building" title="Potter Building">Potter Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Peet_Building" title="Rogers Peet Building">Rogers Peet Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southbridge_Towers" title="Southbridge Towers">Southbridge Towers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Andrew_Church_(New_York_City)" title="St. Andrew Church (New York City)">St. Andrew Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tower_270" title="Tower 270">Tower 270</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_Building_(Manhattan)" title="Transportation Building (Manhattan)">Transportation Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woolworth_Building" title="Woolworth Building">Woolworth Building</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Astor_House" title="Astor House">Astor House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bridewell_(New_York_City_jail)" title="Bridewell (New York City jail)">Bridewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall_Post_Office_and_Courthouse_(New_York_City)" title="City Hall Post Office and Courthouse (New York City)">City Hall Post Office and Courthouse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Tribune_Building" title="New York Tribune Building">New York Tribune Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_World_Building" title="New York World Building">New York World Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rogers_Peet_Building" title="Rogers Peet Building">Rogers Peet Building</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Osgood_House" title="Samuel Osgood House">Samuel Osgood House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/St._Joachim%27s_Church_(Manhattan)" title="St. Joachim's Church (Manhattan)">St. Joachim's Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Rotunda_(New_York_City)" title="The Rotunda (New York City)">The Rotunda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Hall_(New_York_City)" title="Washington Hall (New York City)">Washington Hall</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other spaces</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Burial_Ground_National_Monument" title="African Burial Ground National Monument">African Burial Ground National Monument</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall_Park" title="City Hall Park">City Hall Park</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drumgoole_Plaza" title="Drumgoole Plaza">Drumgoole Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Points,_Manhattan" title="Five Points, Manhattan">Five Points</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foley_Square" title="Foley Square">Foley Square</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennium_Park_(Manhattan)" title="Millennium Park (Manhattan)">Millennium Park</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Education</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pace_University" title="Pace University">Pace University</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/1_Pace_Plaza" title="1 Pace Plaza">1 Pace Plaza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Times_Building_(41_Park_Row)" title="New York Times Building (41 Park Row)">41 Park Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Schimmel_Center_for_the_Arts" title="Michael Schimmel Center for the Arts">Michael Schimmel Center for the Arts</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Transport</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">Subway</a> stations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_Bridge%E2%80%93City_Hall/Chambers_Street_station" title="Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall/Chambers Street station">Brooklyn Bridge–City Hall/Chambers Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall_station_(BMT_Broadway_Line)" title="City Hall station (BMT Broadway Line)">City Hall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_Hall_station_(IRT_Lexington_Avenue_Line)" title="City Hall station (IRT Lexington Avenue Line)">City Hall</a> (former)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_Street_station" title="Worth Street station">Worth Street</a> (former)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Streets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Broadway_(Manhattan)" title="Broadway (Manhattan)">Broadway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chambers_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Chambers Street (Manhattan)">Chambers Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Centre_Street_(Manhattan)" title="Centre Street (Manhattan)">Centre Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lafayette_Street" title="Lafayette Street">Lafayette Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Park_Row_(Manhattan)" title="Park Row (Manhattan)">Park Row</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Worth_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Worth Street (Manhattan)">Worth Street</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><i>See also:</i> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_1" title="Manhattan Community Board 1">Manhattan Community Board 1</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Neighborhoods_in_the_New_York_City_borough_of_Manhattan" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manhattan" title="Template:Manhattan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manhattan" title="Template talk:Manhattan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manhattan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Neighborhoods_in_the_New_York_City_borough_of_Manhattan" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Manhattan_neighborhoods" title="List of Manhattan neighborhoods">Neighborhoods</a> in the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a> <a href="/wiki/Boroughs_of_New_York_City" title="Boroughs of New York City">borough</a> of <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Manhattan" title="Lower Manhattan">Lower Manhattan</a><br />below 14th St<br />(CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_1" title="Manhattan Community Board 1">1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_2" title="Manhattan Community Board 2">2</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_3" title="Manhattan Community Board 3">3</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_City,_Manhattan" title="Alphabet City, Manhattan">Alphabet City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Battery_Park_City" title="Battery Park City">Battery Park City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bowery" title="Bowery">Bowery</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chinatown,_Manhattan" title="Chinatown, Manhattan">Chinatown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Civic Center</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cooperative_Village" title="Cooperative Village">Cooperative Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Dimes_Square" title="Dimes Square">Dimes Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Village,_Manhattan" title="East Village, Manhattan">East Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Essex_Crossing" title="Essex Crossing">Essex Crossing</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Financial_District,_Manhattan" title="Financial District, Manhattan">Financial District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Greenwich_Village" title="Greenwich Village">Greenwich Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Square" title="Hudson Square">Hudson Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Australia" title="Little Australia">Little Australia</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Fuzhou" title="Little Fuzhou">Little Fuzhou</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Italy,_Manhattan" title="Little Italy, Manhattan">Little Italy</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alphabet_City,_Manhattan#Loisaida" title="Alphabet City, Manhattan">Loisaida</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lower_East_Side" title="Lower East Side">Lower East Side</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Meatpacking_District,_Manhattan" title="Meatpacking District, Manhattan">Meatpacking District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NoHo,_Manhattan" title="NoHo, Manhattan">NoHo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nolita" title="Nolita">Nolita</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/SoHo,_Manhattan" title="SoHo, Manhattan">SoHo</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Street_Seaport" title="South Street Seaport">South Street Seaport</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/South_Village" title="South Village">South Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tribeca" title="Tribeca">Tribeca</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Two_Bridges,_Manhattan" title="Two Bridges, Manhattan">Two Bridges</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/West_Village" title="West Village">West Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Center_(2001%E2%80%93present)" title="World Trade Center (2001–present)">World Trade Center</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown Manhattan</a> (CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5" title="Manhattan Community Board 5">5</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Circle" title="Columbus Circle">Columbus Circle</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/47th_Street_(Manhattan)#Diamond_District" title="47th Street (Manhattan)">Diamond District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Flatiron_District" title="Flatiron District">Flatiron District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Garment_District,_Manhattan" title="Garment District, Manhattan">Garment District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Herald_Square" title="Herald Square">Herald Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Koreatown,_Manhattan" title="Koreatown, Manhattan">Koreatown</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Madison_Square_and_Madison_Square_Park" title="Madison Square and Madison Square Park">Madison Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Midtown_South" title="Midtown South">Midtown South</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/NoMad,_Manhattan" title="NoMad, Manhattan">NoMad</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Alley" title="Silicon Alley">Silicon Alley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Theater_District,_Manhattan" title="Theater District, Manhattan">Theater District</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Times_Square" title="Times Square">Times Square</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/West_Side_(Manhattan)" title="West Side (Manhattan)">West Side</a> (CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_4" title="Manhattan Community Board 4">4</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_7" title="Manhattan Community Board 7">7</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Chelsea,_Manhattan" title="Chelsea, Manhattan">Chelsea</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hell%27s_Kitchen,_Manhattan" title="Hell's Kitchen, Manhattan">Hell's Kitchen</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Yards,_Manhattan" title="Hudson Yards, Manhattan">Hudson Yards</a></span> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Yards_(development)" title="Hudson Yards (development)">development</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Square,_Manhattan" title="Lincoln Square, Manhattan">Lincoln Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Valley" title="Manhattan Valley">Manhattan Valley</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Penn_South" title="Penn South">Penn South</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Pomander_Walk" title="Pomander Walk">Pomander Walk</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Riverside_South,_Manhattan" title="Riverside South, Manhattan">Riverside South</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/East_Side_(Manhattan)" title="East Side (Manhattan)">East Side</a> (CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_6" title="Manhattan Community Board 6">6</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_8" title="Manhattan Community Board 8">8</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Carnegie_Hill" title="Carnegie Hill">Carnegie Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gramercy_Park" title="Gramercy Park">Gramercy Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kips_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Kips Bay, Manhattan">Kips Bay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lenox_Hill" title="Lenox Hill">Lenox Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Murray_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Murray Hill, Manhattan">Murray Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Town%E2%80%93Peter_Cooper_Village" title="Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village">Peter Cooper Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rose_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Rose Hill, Manhattan">Rose Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Square" title="Stuyvesant Square">Stuyvesant Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Town%E2%80%93Peter_Cooper_Village" title="Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village">Stuyvesant Town</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/York_Avenue_and_Sutton_Place" title="York Avenue and Sutton Place">Sutton Place</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tudor_City" title="Tudor City">Tudor City</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Turtle_Bay,_Manhattan" title="Turtle Bay, Manhattan">Turtle Bay</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Union_Square,_Manhattan" title="Union Square, Manhattan">Union Square</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Upper_East_Side" title="Upper East Side">Upper East Side</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Waterside_Plaza" title="Waterside Plaza">Waterside Plaza</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yorkville,_Manhattan" title="Yorkville, Manhattan">Yorkville</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Manhattan" title="Upper Manhattan">Upper Manhattan</a><br />above 110th St<br /> (CB <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_9" title="Manhattan Community Board 9">9</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_10" title="Manhattan Community Board 10">10</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_11" title="Manhattan Community Board 11">11</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_12" title="Manhattan Community Board 12">12</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Astor_Row" title="Astor Row">Astor Row</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/East_Harlem" title="East Harlem">East Harlem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fort_George_(New_York)" title="Fort George (New York)">Fort George</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hamilton_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Hamilton Heights, Manhattan">Hamilton Heights</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harlem" title="Harlem">Harlem</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hudson_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Hudson Heights, Manhattan">Hudson Heights</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Inwood,_Manhattan" title="Inwood, Manhattan">Inwood</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Le_Petit_Senegal" class="mw-redirect" title="Le Petit Senegal">Le Petit Senegal</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattanville,_Manhattan" title="Manhattanville, Manhattan">Manhattanville</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Marble_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Marble Hill, Manhattan">Marble Hill</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bronx_Community_Board_8" class="mw-redirect" title="Bronx Community Board 8">Bx CB 8</a>)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mount_Morris_Park_Historic_District" title="Mount Morris Park Historic District">Mount Morris Park</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Morningside_Heights" title="Morningside Heights">Morningside Heights</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sugar_Hill,_Manhattan" title="Sugar Hill, Manhattan">Sugar Hill</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sylvan_Place" title="Sylvan Place">Sylvan</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Washington_Heights,_Manhattan" title="Washington Heights, Manhattan">Washington Heights</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Islands</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ellis_Island" title="Ellis Island">Ellis Island</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Governors_Island" title="Governors Island">Governors Island</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Liberty_Island" title="Liberty Island">Liberty Island</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Randalls Island</a> (CB 11)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roosevelt_Island" title="Roosevelt Island">Roosevelt Island</a> (CB 8)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Randalls_and_Wards_Islands" title="Randalls and Wards Islands">Wards Island</a> (CB 11)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Five_Points,_Manhattan" title="Five Points, Manhattan">Five Points</a> (CB 3)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stuyvesant_Town%E2%80%93Peter_Cooper_Village#Gas_House_District" title="Stuyvesant Town–Peter Cooper Village">Gas House District</a> (CB 6)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jones%27s_Wood" title="Jones's Wood">Jones's Wood</a> (CB 8)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ladies%27_Mile_Historic_District" title="Ladies' Mile Historic District">Ladies' Mile</a> (CB 5)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Germany,_Manhattan" title="Little Germany, Manhattan">Little Germany</a> (CB 3)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Spain,_Manhattan" title="Little Spain, Manhattan">Little Spain</a> (CB 4)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Little_Syria,_Manhattan" title="Little Syria, Manhattan">Little Syria</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattantown" title="Manhattantown">Manhattantown</a> (CB 7)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Row" title="Radio Row">Radio Row</a> (CB 1)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/San_Juan_Hill,_Manhattan" title="San Juan Hill, Manhattan">San Juan Hill</a> (CB 7)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Seneca_Village" title="Seneca Village">Seneca Village</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tenderloin,_Manhattan" title="Tenderloin, Manhattan">Tenderloin</a> (CB 4)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yiddish_Theatre_District" title="Yiddish Theatre District">Yiddish Theatre District</a> (CB 3)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight: bold;"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Community_boards_of_Manhattan" title="Community boards of Manhattan">Community boards</a>: <a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_1" title="Manhattan Community Board 1">1</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_2" title="Manhattan Community Board 2">2</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_3" title="Manhattan Community Board 3">3</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_4" title="Manhattan Community Board 4">4</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_5" title="Manhattan Community Board 5">5</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_6" title="Manhattan Community Board 6">6</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_7" title="Manhattan Community Board 7">7</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_8" title="Manhattan Community Board 8">8</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_9" title="Manhattan Community Board 9">9</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_10" title="Manhattan Community Board 10">10</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_11" title="Manhattan Community Board 11">11</a></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_Community_Board_12" title="Manhattan Community Board 12">12</a> </span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">Joint interest area:</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Central_Park" title="Central Park">64</a><span class="nobold"> (Central Park)</span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&oldid=1185699286">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Civic_Center,_Manhattan&oldid=1185699286</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" 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