Ask the pilot | Salon.com

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="no-js page-article " lang="en"> <head>  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-MGRKVFC2');</script>    <script> (function(o,n,e,p,l,u,s){o[l]=o[l]||function(){(o[l].q=o[l].q||[]).push(arguments);}; u=n.createElement(e);u.async=1;u.src=p;s=n.getElementsByTagName(e)[0];s.parentNode.insertBefore(u,s); }(window,document,"script","https://cdn.opecloud.com/ope-dmplite.js","ope")); ope("dmplite", "init", "b157", "implied"); </script>   <script async src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-7VPPFM7ET6"></script> <script> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag('js', new Date()); gtag('set', { custom_map: { dimension1: 'salon_author_1', dimension2: 'salon_category_1', dimension3: 'salon_editor', }, }); gtag('config', 'G-7VPPFM7ET6', {"salon_author_1":"Patrick Smith","salon_editor":"N\/A","salon_category_1":"culture"}); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var site_htl_settings = { "adx" : "yes", // yes/no if we should include adx on page "is_testing" : "no", // yes/no if in testing mode "split_testing" : "0", // 0/1, 0=control, 1=test, for a/b testing "send_reports" : "0", // 1/0 if reports should be sent for logging in DataBricks "report_url" : "https://analytics.salon.com/analytics-data/salon/", // Endpoint for logging (data stream) "logging_turned_on": "1", // true/false if console logging should be turned on "site_name" : "salon", // Site name for display in logging "sticky_slot_names": ["salon_dt_sticky_article", "salon_m_sticky_article", "salon_dt_sticky_food", "salon_m_sticky_food", "salon_m_sticky_cat", "salon_m_sticky_home"], // Site name for display in logging } // Check if it's mobile function is_mobile() { if(document.body.clientWidth && document.body.clientWidth<=768) return true; else return false; } // Used for Video players on Salon var salon_videos_commands = salon_videos_commands || []; </script>  <script> var salon_config = { live_server : "1", live_ads : "1", admin_toolbar : "0", page_type : "article", category : "", in_brief: "false", video_onpage : 1, featured_video : 0, lazy_load: {"rev_content":{"time":0,"pixels":3000,"status":"on"},"video_player":{"time":0,"pixels":300,"status":"on"},"twitter":{"time":0,"pixels":500,"status":"on"},"related":{"time":0,"pixels":2000,"status":"on"},"comments":{"time":0,"pixels":2000,"status":"on"},"trending":{"time":0,"pixels":1000,"status":"on"}}, page_id: "1479264", user_name: "", }; </script>  <style> @font-face{font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal;font-weight:300;src:local("Helvetica-Light"),url(https://media2.salon.com/fonts/helvetica-light-587ebe5a59211.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local("Helvetica"),url(https://media2.salon.com/fonts/Helvetica.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Helvetica;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;src:local("Helvetica-Oblique"),url(https://media2.salon.com/fonts/Helvetica-Oblique.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Helvetica;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local("Helvetica-Bold"),url(https://media2.salon.com/fonts/Helvetica-Bold.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Helvetica;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;src:local("Helvetica-BoldOblique"),url(https://media2.salon.com/fonts/Helvetica-BoldOblique.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Helvetica Compressed;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;src:local("Helvetica-Compressed"),url(https://media2.salon.com/fonts/helvetica-compressed-5871d14b6903a.woff) format("woff")}@font-face{font-family:Helvetica Rounded;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;src:local("Helvetica-Rounded-Bold"),url(https://media2.salon.com/fonts/helvetica-rounded-bold-5871d05ead8de.woff) format("woff")}.header{font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;z-index:99}.header *,.header :after,.header :before{box-sizing:border-box;outline:none!important}.header h1,.header h2,.header h3,.header h4,.header h5,.header h6,.header p{margin:0;padding:0}.header ol,.header ul{list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.header a{text-decoration:none}.header button,.header input,.header select{appearance:none;background:none;border:none;outline:none}.header .container{margin:0 auto;max-width:1230px;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;width:100%}@media(max-width:901px){.header .container{padding-left:24px;padding-right:24px}}.header button{bottom:0;padding:0}.header .burger{cursor:pointer}@media(max-width:901px){.header .burger{order:2}}.header .burger.open .burger-icon,.header .burger:not(.open) .burger-close-icon{display:none}.header .search-input{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='16' height='16' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='m12.02 11.078 2.856 2.855-.944.943-2.854-2.855a6.002 6.002 0 0 1-9.745-4.687c0-3.313 2.688-6 6-6a6.002 6.002 0 0 1 4.687 9.744Zm-1.337-.494a4.665 4.665 0 0 0-3.35-7.917 4.665 4.665 0 0 0-4.667 4.667 4.665 4.665 0 0 0 7.917 3.35l.1-.1Z' fill='%23666'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-position:16px;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:16px;border:1px solid #a6a6a6;border-radius:2px;color:#666;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:16px;padding:8px 16px 8px 40px;width:100%}.header .search-input::placeholder{color:#666;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:16px}.header__top-inner{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;padding:14px 0}@media(max-width:901px){.header__top-inner{padding-bottom:16px;padding-top:24px}.header__top{background:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid var(--color-neutral-black,#1e1e1e);position:relative}}.header__top-left{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:16px;position:relative}@media(max-width:901px){.header__top-left{position:static;width:100%}}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper{background:#fff;border:1px solid #f5f5f5;box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(23,15,73,.05),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(23,15,73,.05),0 2px 10px 0 rgba(8,15,52,.1);display:none;left:0;max-height:calc(100vh - 60px);max-width:400px;overflow-y:auto;padding:24px;position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 16px);width:100%;z-index:1000000000}@media(max-width:901px){.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper{box-shadow:none;display:unset;max-height:calc(100vh - 74px);max-width:100%;top:-100vh;transition:opacity .3s ease-out,visibility .3s ease-out,top .3s ease-out;visibility:hidden}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper.opened{top:75px;visibility:visible}}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .mobile-menu__footer{border-top:1px solid #f5f5f5;padding-bottom:24px;padding-top:24px}@media(min-width:992px){.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .mobile-menu__footer{display:none}}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .mobile-menu__footer a{align-items:center;color:#1e1e1e;display:flex;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;gap:8px;line-height:24px;margin-bottom:24px}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .mobile-menu__footer .socials{align-items:center;border-top:1px solid #f5f5f5;display:flex;gap:16px;justify-content:center;margin-top:24px;padding-top:24px}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .mobile-menu__footer .socials a:hover svg path{fill:#1e1e1e!important}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .mobile-menu__footer .socials a{margin-bottom:0}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper.opened{display:block}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .search-input{margin-bottom:24px}@media(min-width:901px){.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .search-input{display:none}}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul{display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:8px}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li{border:1px solid transparent;width:100%}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li a{color:#1e1e1e;display:inline-block;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;line-height:24px;padding:12px 16px;text-transform:uppercase;width:100%}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li a:hover{background:#f5f5f5}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li a.active{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#b20000;text-underline-offset:4px}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li ul li a{font-size:16px}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li ul li ul li a{font-size:14px;text-transform:none!important}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li ul li ul li ul li a{text-transform:none}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children>a{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:8px}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children>a:after{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M18 12.857h-5.143V18h-1.714v-5.143H6v-1.714h5.143V6h1.714v5.143H18v1.714Z' fill='%23ED2C1D'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;content:"";display:block;height:24px;width:24px}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children.active>a{background:#f5f5f5}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children.active>a:after{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M17 12.998H5v-2h12v2Z' fill='%231E1E1E'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children.active{border:1px solid #e0e0e0;padding:4px}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children.active .active{margin-left:16px;width:calc(100% - 16px)}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children.active>ul{display:block}.header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children ul{display:none}.header__top-left .subscribe{background:#ed2c1d;color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:24px;padding:4px 8px;text-transform:uppercase}.header__top-left .subscribe:hover{background:#b20000;text-decoration:none}.header__top-left .mobile-logo{margin-right:auto}@media(min-width:902px){.header__top-left .mobile-logo{display:none}}.header__top-left .mobile-logo img{margin-top:-10px;max-width:135px}.header__top-left .text{color:#666;font-size:14px;font-style:normal;font-style:italic;font-weight:700;line-height:24px}@media(max-width:901px){.header__top-left .text{display:none}}.header__top-right{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:24px}@media(max-width:901px){.header__top-right{display:none}}.header__top-right .newsletter{border:1px solid #ed2c1d;color:#ed2c1d;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:22px;padding:4px 8px;text-transform:uppercase}.header__top-right .newsletter:hover{border:1px solid #b20000;color:#b20000;text-decoration:none}.header__top-right .socials{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:16px}.header__top-right .socials a svg path{transition:.2s linear}.header__top-right .socials a:hover svg path{fill:#1e1e1e}.header__bottom{border-bottom:2px solid #1e1e1e;border-top:2px solid #1e1e1e;padding:12px 0}@media(max-width:901px){.header__bottom{display:none}}.header__bottom-inner{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-between}.header__bottom-inner ul{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-around;padding:0 13px;width:100%}@media(max-width:1020px){.header__bottom-inner ul{padding:0}}.header__bottom-inner ul li{font-size:calc(13.53846px + .15385vw);list-style:none;margin:0 11px}@media(max-width:963px){.header__bottom-inner ul li{margin:0 5px}}.header__bottom-inner ul li a{color:#1e1e1e;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:24px;text-transform:uppercase;text-underline-offset:4px}.header__bottom-inner ul li a:hover{color:#b20000;text-decoration:underline}.header__bottom-inner ul li a.active{text-decoration:underline;text-decoration-color:#b20000}.header__bottom-inner .logo{background:#fff;display:block;margin-bottom:-30px;margin-top:-68px;padding:9px}@media(max-width:1200px){.header__bottom-inner .logo{margin-bottom:-40px}.header__bottom-inner .logo img{max-width:300px}}@media(max-width:1125px){.header__bottom-inner .logo{margin-bottom:-47px}.header__bottom-inner .logo img{max-width:250px}}@media(max-width:1071px){.header__bottom-inner .logo{margin-bottom:-55px}.header__bottom-inner .logo img{max-width:200px}}@media(max-width:934px){.header__bottom-inner .logo{padding:2px}}.header__search{padding:16px 0}@media(max-width:901px){.header__search{display:none}}.header__search-inner{display:flex;justify-content:flex-end}.header__search input{max-width:342px}.breadcrubms{padding:16px 0}.breadcrubms ul{align-items:center;display:flex;gap:8px}.breadcrubms ul li{color:#666}.breadcrubms ul li,.breadcrubms ul li a{font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;text-transform:uppercase}.breadcrubms ul li a{color:#b20000}.breadcrubms ul .breadcrubms-colapsed{position:relative}.breadcrubms ul .breadcrubms-colapsed:hover .breadcrubms-colapsed__links{display:block}.breadcrubms ul .breadcrubms-colapsed__links{box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(23,15,73,.05),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(23,15,73,.05),0 2px 10px 0 rgba(8,15,52,.1);display:flex;display:none;flex-direction:column;gap:0;left:50%;position:absolute;top:calc(100% + 5px);transform:translateX(-50%);width:320px}.breadcrubms ul .breadcrubms-colapsed__links:before{border-bottom:8px solid #fff;border-left:8px solid transparent;border-right:8px solid transparent;content:"";height:0;left:50%;margin-left:-8px;position:absolute;top:-8px;width:0}.breadcrubms ul .breadcrubms-colapsed__links li{width:100%}.breadcrubms ul .breadcrubms-colapsed__links li a{color:#b20000;display:inline-block;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700;line-height:16px;padding:16px;text-transform:uppercase;width:100%}.admin_authorized .mobile-menu__wrapper{max-height:calc(100vh - 92px)}@media(max-width:901px){.admin_authorized .mobile-menu__wrapper{max-height:calc(100vh - 106px)}}.switcher:hover img:not(.switch-hovered){display:none}.switcher:hover img.switch-hovered{display:block!important}.switcher img.switch-hovered{display:none}.footer-link:hover{color:#ed2c1d!important}.footer-link:hover svg path{fill:#ed2c1d!important}.switcher input{display:none}.switcher label{align-items:center;cursor:pointer;display:flex;gap:8px}.switcher label:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='39' height='26' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M3 12a7 7 0 0 1 7-7h22a7 7 0 1 1 0 14H10a7 7 0 0 1-7-7Z' fill='%239E9E9E'/%3E%3Cg filter='url(%23a)'%3E%3Ccircle cx='13' cy='12' r='10' fill='%23fff'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath d='M23 12s-4.477 10-10 10S3 17.523 3 12 7.477 2 13 2s10 4.477 10 10Z' fill='%23FAFAFA'/%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cfilter id='a' x='0' y='0' width='26' height='26' filterUnits='userSpaceOnUse' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeFlood flood-opacity='0' result='BackgroundImageFix'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeMorphology radius='1' in='SourceAlpha' result='effect1_dropShadow_10_1934'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='2'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='BackgroundImageFix' result='effect1_dropShadow_10_1934'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='1'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='effect1_dropShadow_10_1934' result='effect2_dropShadow_10_1934'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='1'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='1.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.26 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='effect2_dropShadow_10_1934' result='effect3_dropShadow_10_1934'/%3E%3CfeBlend in='SourceGraphic' in2='effect3_dropShadow_10_1934' result='shape'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3C/defs%3E%3C/svg%3E");background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;content:"";display:block;height:20px;min-width:36px;width:36px}.switcher label:hover{color:#ed2c1d}.switcher label:hover:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='39' height='26' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M3 12a7 7 0 0 1 7-7h22a7 7 0 1 1 0 14H10a7 7 0 0 1-7-7Z' fill='%23F99494'/%3E%3Cg filter='url(%23a)'%3E%3Ccircle cx='13' cy='12' r='10' fill='%23B20000'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath d='M3 12s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S18.523 2 13 2 3 6.477 3 12Z' fill='%23B20000'/%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cfilter id='a' x='0' y='0' width='26' height='26' filterUnits='userSpaceOnUse' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeFlood flood-opacity='0' result='BackgroundImageFix'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeMorphology radius='1' in='SourceAlpha' result='effect1_dropShadow_1_3842'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='2'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='BackgroundImageFix' result='effect1_dropShadow_1_3842'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='1'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='effect1_dropShadow_1_3842' result='effect2_dropShadow_1_3842'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='1'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='1.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.26 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='effect2_dropShadow_1_3842' result='effect3_dropShadow_1_3842'/%3E%3CfeBlend in='SourceGraphic' in2='effect3_dropShadow_1_3842' result='shape'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3C/defs%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.switcher input:checked+label:before{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='39' height='26' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath fill-rule='evenodd' clip-rule='evenodd' d='M36 12a7 7 0 0 0-7-7H7a7 7 0 0 0 0 14h22a7 7 0 0 0 7-7Z' fill='%23F99494'/%3E%3Cg filter='url(%23a)'%3E%3Ccircle cx='10' cy='10' r='10' transform='matrix(-1 0 0 1 36 2)' fill='%23B20000'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3Cpath d='M36 12s-4.477 10-10 10-10-4.477-10-10S20.477 2 26 2s10 4.477 10 10Z' fill='%23B20000'/%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cfilter id='a' x='13' y='0' width='26' height='26' filterUnits='userSpaceOnUse' color-interpolation-filters='sRGB'%3E%3CfeFlood flood-opacity='0' result='BackgroundImageFix'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeMorphology radius='1' in='SourceAlpha' result='effect1_dropShadow_9_2631'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='2'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.08 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='BackgroundImageFix' result='effect1_dropShadow_9_2631'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='1'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.12 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='effect1_dropShadow_9_2631' result='effect2_dropShadow_9_2631'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix in='SourceAlpha' values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 0' result='hardAlpha'/%3E%3CfeOffset dy='1'/%3E%3CfeGaussianBlur stdDeviation='1.5'/%3E%3CfeColorMatrix values='0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0.26 0'/%3E%3CfeBlend in2='effect2_dropShadow_9_2631' result='effect3_dropShadow_9_2631'/%3E%3CfeBlend in='SourceGraphic' in2='effect3_dropShadow_9_2631' result='shape'/%3E%3C/filter%3E%3C/defs%3E%3C/svg%3E")}.popover{position:relative}.popover .user_menu_img:hover{cursor:pointer}.popover .hover-popup{background:var(--color-surface-color,#fff);border-radius:2px;box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(23,15,73,.05),0 1px 1px 0 rgba(23,15,73,.05),0 2px 10px 0 rgba(8,15,52,.1);display:flex;flex-direction:column;gap:24px;left:50%;min-width:280px;opacity:0;padding:24px 16px;position:absolute;top:100%;transform:translateX(-50%);transition:.2s linear;visibility:hidden;z-index:3}@media(max-width:1440px){.popover .hover-popup{left:auto;right:0;transform:translateX(0)}}.popover .hover-popup:before{border:5px solid transparent;border-bottom-color:#fff;content:"";left:50%;margin-left:-5px;position:absolute;top:-10px}.popover .hover-popup .user-menu-link{align-items:center;color:#1e1e1e;display:flex;font-family:Helvetica;font-size:16px;font-style:normal;font-weight:400;gap:12px;line-height:24px}.popover .hover-popup .user-menu-link:hover{color:#ed2c1d}.popover .hover-popup .user-menu-link:hover svg path,.popover:hover svg path{fill:#ed2c1d}.popover:hover .hover-popup{opacity:1;visibility:visible}.hidden{display:none!important}.sticky_nav{background-color:#fff;box-shadow:0 2px 9px #cecece;width:100%;z-index:10}.nav_filler{display:block;height:178px;width:100%}@media(max-width:901px){.nav_filler{height:75px}}.header__bottom-inner ul li ul{display:none}.nav-link{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;color:#fff;display:block;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;padding:.5rem .6rem;text-decoration:none;text-transform:uppercase}.nav-link:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:none!important}.nav-link.active{color:#000}.container-fluid{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;justify-content:space-between;padding-left:15px;padding-right:15px;position:relative;width:100%}.container-fluid svg.s_logos:hover{color:#fff!important}@media(max-width:1120px){.navbar>.container-fluid{justify-content:center;line-height:1;margin:0;padding:0}.nav-link{color:#222;font-size:21px;margin:0;padding:.6em .7em;text-transform:capitalize}.nav-link:hover{color:#fff!important}}@media (-ms-high-contrast:none),screen and (-ms-high-contrast:active){.navbar .container-fluid{display:inline-block}.navbar .container-fluid .nav-link.active{color:#000}}@media(max-width:1119px){.container-fluid .navbar-brand{display:block;text-align:center}}.admin-toolbar{background:#905353;margin-bottom:0;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:100%;z-index:99999}.admin-toolbar .sticky{left:0;position:fixed;top:0}.admin-toolbar .alert{position:absolute;right:0;top:0;z-index:999}.admin-toolbar .alert .alert-icon{display:inline-block;font-size:18px;top:0}.admin-toolbar .alert .alert-icon,.admin-toolbar .alert .alert-msg{background:orange;color:#fff;padding:0 15px;position:absolute;right:0}.admin-toolbar .alert .alert-msg{border-bottom-left-radius:3px;display:block;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;line-height:28px;top:32px;white-space:nowrap}.admin-toolbar .main-nav{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap;list-style:none;margin:auto;max-width:1245px;padding:0;position:relative;width:100%}.admin-toolbar .main-nav li a{border-right:1px solid #fff;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;padding:9px 15px;text-decoration:none;transition:.3s ease}.admin-toolbar .main-nav li a:hover{background:#fff;color:#000}.admin-toolbar .main-nav li:first-child a{border-left:1px solid #fff}.admin-toolbar .main-nav li:last-child a{border-right:none}.admin-toolbar .main-nav li.logout_admin{position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.admin-toolbar .main-nav li.logout_admin a{border-left:1px solid #fff;border-right:1px solid #fff}@media(max-width:900px){.admin-toolbar{margin:0}}@media(max-width:600px){.admin-toolbar .mobile_hidden_tab{display:none}}.sticky_admin{position:fixed;width:100%}.admin_filler{display:block;height:31px;width:100%}.right-rail{height:100%;padding-top:2em;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:300px}@media(max-width:991px){.right-rail{display:none}}.right-rail .sticky,.right-rail div[class*=sticky-wrapper]>.outer-ad-unit-wrapper:first-child{position:-webkit-sticky;position:sticky!important;top:100px}.right-rail .sticky .proper-ad-unit,.right-rail div[class*=sticky-wrapper]>.outer-ad-unit-wrapper:first-child .proper-ad-unit{margin:0}.right-rail .sticky-wrapper{height:27%;max-height:1200px;padding-bottom:108.5px;width:300px}.right-rail .no-sticky{align-items:center;display:flex;height:auto;justify-content:center}.right-rail .sticky-wrapper-1{height:100%;margin-bottom:30%;width:300px}.right-rail .sticky-wrapper-2{height:1855px;margin:30% 0;width:300px}.right-rail .sticky-cont{position:sticky;position:-webkit-sticky;top:15px}.right-rail .trending_articles{border:2px dashed #d9d9d9;border-radius:6px;padding:10px;text-align:center;width:100%}.right-rail .trending_article_container{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-bottom:4em}.right-rail .trending_title_section{color:#fff;font-family:Georgia,sans-serif;font-size:24px;margin:0;padding:10px;position:relative;text-align:left}.right-rail .trending_title_section :before{border-color:#ed2c1d;border-style:solid none none solid;border-width:6.09px;content:"";display:inline-block;height:17px;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:14px}.right-rail .trending_title_section span{background-color:#ee2c1d;padding:0 6px}.right-rail .trending_article{display:inline-flex;margin:20px auto auto;width:128px}.right-rail .trending_article .badge{background-color:#ee2c1d;border-radius:0;color:#fff;font-size:13px;left:10%;position:absolute}.right-rail .trending_left{margin-right:20px}.right-rail .trending_picture{display:block;margin:auto;width:100%}.right-rail .trending_title{color:#000;font-size:1rem;margin:0}.page-about #about-page .nav-pills .nav-link{color:#000;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;font-size:12px}.page-about #about-page .nav-pills .nav-link:hover{background:#000;color:#fff}.page-about #about-page .nav-link.active{background:#ee2c1d;color:#fff}.page-about #about-page .nav-link.active:hover{background:#ee2c1d}.page-about #about-page .tab-content{padding:0 2em;width:80%}.page-about #about-page .tab-content a{color:#e42a1d}.page-about #about-page .tab-content a:hover{color:#000}@media(max-width:768px){.page-about #about-page .tab-content{margin-top:2em;padding:0 1em;width:100%}}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper h1{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:19px;font-weight:400;margin:0}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer{margin:25px 0}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .mobile_apps_wrapper,.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .social_media_wrapper,.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .syndicates_wrapper{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many{align-items:center;border:1px solid #e6e6e6;border-radius:4px;box-shadow:1px 1px 5px 0 #d8d8d8;display:flex;height:70px;margin-bottom:25px;margin-right:17px;max-width:200px;padding:1em;width:100%}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many a{align-items:center;color:gray;display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-size:18px;font-weight:600;justify-content:center;opacity:1;width:100%}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many a .roku_image{width:75px}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many a:hover{color:red;opacity:.8}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many svg{color:#000;height:100%;margin-right:10px;width:2em}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_flipboard_logo{color:#c00}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_apple_logo{color:#666}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_android_logo{color:#78c257}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_youtube_logo{color:red}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_tiktok_logo{color:#666}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_whatsapp_logo{color:#25d366}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_facebook_logo{color:#3b579d}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_twitter_logo{color:#1da0f2}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many .s_instagram_logo{color:#b400d3}.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many img{margin-right:10px;width:2em}@media(max-width:550px){.page-about #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many{margin-right:0;max-width:100%}}.page-about #about-page h3{font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:500;margin-bottom:.5rem;margin-top:0}.page-about #about-page p{font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:100;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:1rem;margin-top:0}.page-about #about-page h2{color:#565656;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1.1em;font-weight:300;margin:0 0 1em}.page-about main{margin:auto;padding:0 15px}.page-about .row{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;margin-left:-15px;margin-right:-15px}@media(max-width:768px){.page-about .row{margin-top:0!important}}.page-about #side-nav{width:20%}@media(max-width:768px){.page-about #side-nav{display:none}}.page-about #about-mobile-nav{background-color:#343a40;display:none;padding:.5rem 1rem;position:relative}.page-about #about-mobile-nav .nav-link{color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;font-size:13px;padding-left:0;vertical-align:top;width:49%}@media(max-width:768px){.page-about #about-mobile-nav{display:block}}.page-about #about-mobile-nav .navbar-brand{color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:700}.page-about .collapsing{display:inline-block;height:0;overflow:hidden;position:relative}.page-about .collapse{display:none}.page-about .collapse.show{display:block}.page-about .navbar-collapse{align-items:center;flex-basis:100%;flex-grow:1;transition:height .3s}.page-about .navbar-toggler-right{background:none;border:none;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:1em;outline:none;padding:5px 0 0;position:absolute;right:24px;top:8px}.page-about .navbar-toggler-right .s_logos{height:1em}footer{border-top:1px solid #939597;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:1.5em;padding:15px 4.5vw 155px;width:100%}footer .copyright_wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%}footer .copyright_wrapper .one-trust-wrapper{text-align:center}footer .copyright_wrapper .one-trust-wrapper a,footer .copyright_wrapper .one-trust-wrapper button#ot-sdk-btn.optanon-show-settings,footer .copyright_wrapper .one-trust-wrapper button#ot-sdk-btn.ot-sdk-show-settings{background:transparent;border:none;color:#747677;font-size:.75em;padding:0;text-decoration:underline}footer .copyright_wrapper .one-trust-wrapper a{margin-right:10px}footer .copyright_wrapper a{color:#58585b}@media(min-width:576px){footer.container{max-width:540px}}@media(min-width:768px){footer.container{max-width:720px}}@media(min-width:992px){footer.container{max-width:960px}}@media(min-width:1200px){footer.container{max-width:1186px}}footer ul{line-height:1.9;list-style:none;margin:1em 0;padding:0;text-align:center}footer ul a{color:#58585b;margin-right:35px}footer ul a:hover{color:#0046a8}@media(max-width:900px){footer ul a{margin-right:auto}}footer ul li{cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;margin-right:10px}footer p{color:#747677!important;font-size:.75em;line-height:1.5}iframe[name=__cmpLocator]{display:none}.sr-only{height:1px;left:-10000px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;top:auto;width:1px}main{display:block;margin:-39px auto 0;max-width:100%;width:1186px}main #salon_featured_ad{right:0;top:0}main #salon_featured_ad .outer-ad-unit-wrapper{margin:auto!important;width:100%!important}main #salon_featured_ad .outer-ad-unit-wrapper .proper-ad-unit{display:block;margin:0}main .proper-content-dynamic.proper-dynamic-insertion{display:flex;margin:auto;width:100%}main article .propervideo-main_player_container{margin:0}main article .outer-ad-unit-wrapper .propervideo-main_player_container{margin:20px 20px 8px}@media(max-width:900px){.page-category main{margin-top:30px}}.page-article main #cover-main .salon-premium-badge{background:#ee2c1d;bottom:0;color:#fff;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13px;padding:4px 7px;position:absolute}@media(max-width:768px){.page-article main{margin:-73px auto 0}}.page-article main .title-container{position:relative}.page-article main .title-container .article_badge_wrapper{position:relative;top:-20px}.page-article main .title-container .article_badge_wrapper span{color:#cf3c34;font-weight:700;position:relative}.page-article main .article-content .video_template{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin:30px 10px;text-decoration:none;width:auto}.page-article main .article-content .video_template .img_wrap{margin-right:15px;max-width:250px;position:relative;width:100%}.page-article main .article-content .video_template .img_wrap .img_wrap_inner{height:0;padding-top:56.2%;position:relative;z-index:2}.page-article main .article-content .video_template img{left:0;margin:auto;outline:none;padding:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%;z-index:3}.page-article main .article-content .video_template a{display:block;text-decoration:none}.page-article main .article-content .video_template .img_wrap_inner:before{border-color:#ed2c1d;border-style:solid none none solid;border-width:9px;content:"";display:inline-block;height:87px;left:-6px;position:absolute;top:-6px;width:150px}.page-article main .article-content .video_template .img_wrap_inner:after{border-color:#ed2c1d;border-style:none none solid solid;border-width:9px;bottom:-6px;content:"";display:inline-block;height:87px;left:-6px;position:absolute;width:80px}.page-article main .article-content .video_template p.time_box{background:#000;bottom:0;color:#fff;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;left:0;margin:0;padding:1px 7px;position:absolute;z-index:3}.page-article main .article-content .video_template p.title_box{color:#000;font-size:21px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.3;margin:0}.page-article main .article-content .video_template p.title_box a{color:#000!important}.page-article main .article-content .video_template p.watch_box{align-items:center;display:flex;font-weight:700;margin-top:10px}.page-article main .article-content .video_template p.watch_box svg{color:#ee2c1d;height:17px;margin-right:5px;width:17px}@media(max-width:660px){.page-article main .article-content .video_template{flex-direction:column}.page-article main .article-content .video_template .img_wrap{margin-bottom:20px;max-width:350px}.page-article main .article-content .video_template .img_wrap .img_wrap_inner:before{height:117px}.page-article main .article-content .video_template .img_wrap .img_wrap_inner:after{height:107px}}.promotion_image_box img{display:flex;margin:auto;max-width:700px;width:100%}#posts .main-content .proper-ad-unit:not(.ad-sticky):not(.ad-oop){display:flex;justify-content:center;min-height:150px}#posts .main-content .proper-ad-unit>div:first-of-type{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;width:100%}main .outer-ad-unit-wrapper{display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:auto;min-height:290px;width:100%}main .outer-ad-unit-wrapper .proper-ad-unit{width:100%}.page-home-page main .outer-ad-unit-wrapper{min-height:280px}@media(max-width:990px){.page-article article .outer-ad-unit-wrapper{background:#fafafa;margin:20px calc(50% - 50vw)!important;width:100vw}.proper-ad-unit:not(.ad-sticky):not(.ad-oop){display:flex;justify-content:center}.proper-ad-unit>div:first-of-type{width:100%}}.home-newsletter img{height:42px;width:42px}#newsletter-social .s_logos{height:2em;padding:0;width:2em}#newsletter-social .s_logos.s_youtube_logo{width:2.5em}.modal .s_logos{color:#fff;width:.8em}.modal .s_logos.s_user_x_logo{margin-right:7px;width:1.5em}.user-popup-modal .sign_up_logo svg{height:1em;padding:0;vertical-align:-.125em;width:1em}svg.s_twitter_logo{height:28px;padding-top:5px;width:22px}svg.s_bookmark_logo{height:20px;margin-right:5px;width:22px}svg.social_shares.s_email_logo{width:20px}.page-writer .writer-title{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-weight:bolder}.page-writer #writer-page h1{margin:0}.right-rail .furthest_container{padding-top:24px;position:sticky;top:15px}.right-rail .furthest_container .advertise_text{color:#656565;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:italic;left:0;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;top:0;width:100%}.right-rail .furthest_container .outer_ad_container,.right-rail .furthest_container .siderail_rev_ad{background:#fafafa;display:flex;height:600px;justify-content:center;margin:auto;width:300px}.right-rail .no-sticky.sidebar_ad{position:sticky;top:15px}.page-article .right-rail .no-sticky{padding-bottom:4em}.page-article section{margin:1.5em 0}.page-article main{margin:0 auto;max-width:1300px;padding:0 20px;width:100%}.page-article main .main-content{margin:36px 0;padding:0 2em;position:relative}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper{margin-top:0}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper,.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video{background:#e6e6e6;height:0;margin:2em 0;overflow:hidden;padding-top:42%;position:relative}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video{background:#000!important}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video #salon_featured_video{background-position:50%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:cover;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video #salon_featured_video .play_button{align-items:center;background:rgba(0,0,0,.2);cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:100%;justify-content:center;width:100%}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video #salon_featured_video .play_button svg{border:6px solid #ed2c1d;border-radius:20px;box-shadow:0 0 10px #4f4f4f;color:#ed2c1d;height:100px;padding:16px;width:100px}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video #salon_featured_video .play_button svg path{stroke:rgba(0,0,0,.122);stroke-width:13px}@media(max-width:600px){.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video #salon_featured_video .play_button svg{height:80px;width:80px}}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video #salon_featured_video video{background:#000;width:100%}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper{position:relative;top:0}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper .right-rail{height:100%;padding:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:300px}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper .left-column .no_bullet{list-style:none}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper .left-column .span_vector_red{background-image:url(https://media2.salon.com/2021/08/listicle_number_border.png);background-size:cover;color:#da463a;font-weight:600}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper .left-column .span_vector_black{background-image:url(https://media2.salon.com/2021/08/listicle_number_border.png);background-size:cover;color:#000;font-weight:600}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper .left-column .vector_padding{padding:11px 10px 10px 15px}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper .left-column .list-info{padding-left:42px}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper strong.article_img_desc{color:#6b6b6b;display:block;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:13px;margin-bottom:25px;margin-top:-28px;width:100%}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper strong.insert_image{line-height:130%;margin-top:-5px}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box{min-height:400px}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box #topic_section{max-width:600px;padding-bottom:15px}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box #topic_section h2{color:#535353;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:1.1em;font-weight:300;line-height:1.42;margin-bottom:1em}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box #topic_section .topic_button{border:2px solid #ddd;-moz-border-radius:27px;-webkit-border-radius:27px;border-radius:15px;color:#e42a1d;display:inline-block;font-size:16px;font-style:italic;font-weight:400;margin-bottom:8px;padding:3px 7px}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box #topic_section .topic_button,.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box #topic_section .topic_button:hover{animation-delay:.4s;-moz-animation-delay:.4s;-webkit-animation-delay:.4s;-webkit-transition:all .2s ease-in;-moz-transition:all .2s ease-in;-ms-transition:all .2s ease-in;-o-transition:all .2s ease-in;transition:all .2s ease-in}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box #topic_section .topic_button:hover{background-color:#e42a1d;border:2px solid #e42a1d;-moz-border-radius:2px;-webkit-border-radius:2px;border-radius:2px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box .explore_section{min-height:318px}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box .explore_section .article-rows .explore_titles{height:0;padding-top:66%;position:relative}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box .explore_section .article-rows .explore_titles img.explore_images{bottom:0;left:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:0;top:0}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box .explore_section h2{color:#fff;font-family:Georgia,sans-serif;font-size:24px;margin:0;padding:10px;position:relative;text-align:left}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box .explore_section h2 :before{border-color:#ed2c1d;border-style:solid none none solid;border-width:6.09px;content:"";display:inline-block;height:17px;left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:14px}.page-article main .main-content .topic_explore_box .explore_section h2 span{background-color:#ee2c1d;padding:0 6px}.page-article .sorting_buttons{margin-right:0}.page-article .source_section{color:dimgray;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:.9em;font-style:italic;line-height:1.42}.page-article .source_section .source_description{color:dimgray;font-size:.9em;line-height:1.42;margin-bottom:.5em}.page-article .source_section .source_image{height:100%;max-width:300px;width:100%}.page-article .title-container{border-bottom:4px solid #cf3c34;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;margin:0}.page-article .title-container h2{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:1.1em;font-weight:400;line-height:1.42;margin:0 0 10px}.page-article .title-container h1{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:2.5em;margin-bottom:.2em;margin-top:0}.page-article .left-column{flex:0 0 66.66667%;max-width:66.66667%;padding-left:0;padding-right:15px}.page-article .left-column .footer-ad-unit{padding:0}.page-article .left-column .social_comments_app_wrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-bottom:2em;width:100%}.page-article .related_article,.page-article .sub_promo{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.page-article .related_article .related_text,.page-article .related_article .sub_text,.page-article .sub_promo .related_text,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_text{display:flex;flex:1;flex-direction:column;font-family:georgia;font-size:32px;justify-content:center;margin:40px 0;text-align:center}.page-article .related_article .sub_text,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_text{font-size:28px;margin:20px 10px 20px 0;min-width:250px}.page-article .related_article .related_link,.page-article .related_article .sub_link,.page-article .sub_promo .related_link,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_link{display:flex;flex:4;flex-direction:column;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:600;justify-content:center;text-decoration:none}.page-article .related_article .related_link a,.page-article .related_article .related_link div,.page-article .related_article .related_link p,.page-article .related_article .sub_link a,.page-article .related_article .sub_link div,.page-article .related_article .sub_link p,.page-article .sub_promo .related_link a,.page-article .sub_promo .related_link div,.page-article .sub_promo .related_link p,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_link a,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_link div,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_link p{border-bottom:3px solid #ee2c1d;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.page-article .related_article .sub_link,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_link{flex:2}@media(max-width:550px){.page-article .related_article,.page-article .sub_promo{border-radius:4px;box-shadow:0 1px 3px 1px #c9c9c9;flex-direction:column;padding:20px 15px}.page-article .related_article .related_text,.page-article .related_article .sub_text,.page-article .sub_promo .related_text,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_text{border-left:4px solid #ee2c1d;margin:0;padding:0 0 15px 10px;position:relative;text-align:left;width:auto}.page-article .related_article .related_link,.page-article .related_article .sub_link,.page-article .sub_promo .related_link,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_link{border-left:4px solid #ee2c1d;padding:0 0 0 10px}.page-article .related_article .related_link a,.page-article .related_article .sub_link a,.page-article .sub_promo .related_link a,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_link a{border:none}}@media(max-width:800px){.page-article .related_article .related_link,.page-article .related_article .sub_link,.page-article .sub_promo .related_link,.page-article .sub_promo .sub_link{flex:3}}.page-article .red_white_box{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.page-article .red_white_box p{margin:0}.page-article .red_white_box .red_box{background-color:#ee2c1d;color:#fff;font-weight:600;padding:0 5px}.page-article .red_white_box .white_box{border:2px solid #ee2c1d;font-weight:700;padding:0 5px}.page-article .red_white_box .red_box,.page-article .red_white_box .white_box{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}@media(max-width:601px){.page-article .red_white_box{flex-direction:column}}.page-article .commerce_widget{align-items:center;border-left:4px solid #cf3d34;display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin:30px 0;padding:0 0 0 20px;width:auto}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info{align-self:flex-start;display:flex;flex:1;flex-direction:column;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;position:relative;word-break:break-word}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info h3,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info h4{line-height:1.2;margin:0}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info p{bottom:0;margin-bottom:0;position:absolute}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div p{color:#515151;font-size:16px;margin:0;position:unset}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info h4{margin-bottom:7px}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info h3{color:#cf3c34;font-size:24px;margin-bottom:10px}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info h3 a{color:#cf3c34}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info h3 a:hover{color:#ee2c1d!important}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div{color:#515151;font-style:italic;line-height:1.4;margin-bottom:50px}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_title{font-size:24px;font-style:inherit;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:0}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_title a{color:#cf3c34;font-size:24px;font-weight:600;text-decoration:none}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_title a:hover{color:#ef2c1d;text-decoration:underline}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_header{color:inherit;font-size:18px;font-style:inherit;font-weight:600;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:7px;margin-top:0}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_description h1,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_description h2,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_description h3,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_description h4,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_description h5,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_description h6,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_description p,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_header h1,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_header h2,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_header h3,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_header h4,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_header h5,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_header h6,.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info div.commerce_header p{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_image{align-items:center;display:flex;flex:1;max-width:450px;padding-right:20px;width:100%}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_image .image_holder{align-items:center;display:flex;height:0;overflow:hidden;padding-top:75%;position:relative;width:100%}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_image .image_holder img{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;margin:auto;object-fit:cover;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_image .image_holder strong.insert_image{background:#000;bottom:0;color:#fff;font-style:italic;left:0;line-height:normal;margin:0;padding:2px 6px;position:absolute;text-align:center}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_image p{display:none}.page-article .commerce_widget .buy_button{background:#ef2c1d;border-radius:5px;box-shadow:0 1px 2px #979797;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;padding:6px 18px;text-transform:uppercase;white-space:nowrap}.page-article .commerce_widget .buy_button:hover{opacity:.9}@media(max-width:700px){.page-article .commerce_widget{flex-direction:column}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_image{max-width:100%;padding:0 0 12px}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info p{display:flex;width:100%}.page-article .commerce_widget .commerce_info p a.buy_button{line-height:1;text-align:center;width:100%}}.page-article p{color:#222;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-weight:400;margin:20px 0;overflow-wrap:break-word}.page-article p span{font-weight:400}.page-article .share_containers{align-items:center;background:#5f5f5f;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;display:flex;height:32px;min-width:115px;overflow:hidden;text-align:center;text-transform:none;transition:background-color .1s ease-in-out;width:100%}.page-article .share_containers svg{fill:#fff;background:#797777;border-radius:5px 0 0 5px;height:100%;max-width:36px;padding:9px 0;width:100%!important}.page-article .share_containers span{font-size:13px;width:100%}.page-article #facebook_share_container.share_containers:hover{background:#3a5697}.page-article #facebook_share_container.share_containers:hover svg.s_facebook_f_logo{background:#2c4788}.page-article #twitter_share_container.share_containers:hover{background:#03a2e0}.page-article #twitter_share_container.share_containers:hover svg.s_twitter_logo{background:#048cc1}.page-article #reddit_share_container.share_containers:hover{background:#ff661e}.page-article #reddit_share_container.share_containers:hover svg.s_reddit_alien_logo{background:#ea5a16}.page-article #email_share_container.share_containers:hover{background:#3d4e66}.page-article #email_share_container.share_containers:hover svg.s_email_logo{background:#2d394a}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;margin:0;padding:0}@media(max-width:475px){.page-article .writer-app-wrapper{flex-direction:column}}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:space-between;line-height:1.5;margin:0;padding:20px 0;width:100%}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper h5{margin:0;padding-right:10px}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper h5 span{font-weight:400;text-transform:none}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper h6{padding:0 10px 0 0}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper h6 span{font-style:italic}@media(max-width:600px){.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper{align-items:baseline;flex-direction:column;padding:10px 0}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper .writer_box{margin-bottom:8px}}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:row;width:100%}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper a{background:none;border:none;cursor:pointer;display:block;outline:none;padding:10px 0}@media(max-width:800px){.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper a{font-size:12px;padding:5px}}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper a:hover{color:#e42416}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper a:focus{outline:1px solid #000}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper div#try_in_app_wrapper a{border:none;margin-left:0;min-width:100px;padding-right:0}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper div#try_in_app_wrapper a svg.s_view_in_app_icon{width:10px}@media(max-width:550px){.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper div#try_in_app_wrapper a{min-width:82px}}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper{display:none}@media(max-width:800px){.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper{display:block}}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a{margin-left:0;margin-right:15px;text-decoration:none!important}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a svg,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a svg{height:16px;margin-right:4px;width:18px}@media(max-width:800px){.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a svg,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a svg{width:16px}}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#save_button_holder,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#app_button_holder,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder{border:2px solid #5f5f5f;border-radius:4px;color:#5f5f5f;display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;height:32px;padding:6px;position:relative}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder svg,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#save_button_holder svg,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#app_button_holder svg,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder svg{float:left}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder span,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#save_button_holder span,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#app_button_holder span,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder span{position:absolute;right:7px}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder:hover,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#save_button_holder:hover,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#app_button_holder:hover,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder:hover{border:2px solid #e42416;color:#e42416}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#app_button_holder{width:112px}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#save_button_holder,.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder{width:70px}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container{display:block}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a{border:none;padding-left:0}@media(max-width:990px){.page-article main .main-content{padding:0 1em}}@media(max-width:800px){.page-article main{padding:0}.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper,.page-article main .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .cover-wrapper-video{margin:2em calc(50% - 50vw)!important;padding-top:54%;width:100vw}.page-article main .left-column section.writer-app-wrapper{margin:0;padding:0}.page-article main article p{font-size:17px}}.page-article article p{font-size:20px}.page-article .outer_loader_box{bottom:0;display:block;height:100%;left:0;margin:auto;opacity:.6;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}.page-article .outer_loader_box .inner_loader_box{-webkit-animation:spin 2s linear infinite;animation:spin 2s linear infinite;border:5px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;border-top-color:#0179d2;height:40px;left:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:0;top:36%;vertical-align:middle;width:40px}@media(max-width:500px){.page-article .title-container h1{font-size:1.7em}}.ad-topper{min-height:50px}.header-wrapper{margin:18px auto;min-height:200px}@media(max-width:1024px){.header-wrapper{margin:4px;min-height:100px}}#cover-main{bottom:0;height:auto;margin:auto;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.card-article-img-cont .image_position_top,.cover-wrapper .image_position_top{bottom:auto!important}.card-article-img-cont .image_position_bottom,.cover-wrapper .image_position_bottom{top:auto!important}#cover-main.image_position_top,#cover-wrapper.image_position_top{bottom:auto!important}#cover-main.image_position_bottom,#cover-wrapper.image_position_bottom{top:auto!important}.page-marketplace #cover-main{width:100%}@media(min-width:1186px){#cover-main h1{font-size:3.5em!important}}#cover-main h1{color:#fff;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:calc(100% + 3vw);height:100%;margin-bottom:.5rem;margin-top:0;padding:20px;width:75%}#cover-main h4{background:rgba(0,0,0,.8);bottom:30px;color:#ee2c1d;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:.77em;font-weight:700;left:30px;padding:3px 5px;position:absolute;text-transform:uppercase}#cover-main h4 a{color:#ee2c1d}h1 span{background:rgba(0,0,0,.5);box-shadow:-10px 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5),10px 0 0 0 rgba(0,0,0,.5)}.category-page-title,.topic-page-title{display:flex;padding-top:3.5em;width:100%}.category-page-title h1,.category-page-title h2,.topic-page-title h1,.topic-page-title h2{font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:calc(28.15385px + .61538vw);font-weight:800;margin:0;padding:0 20px;text-transform:uppercase}.category-page-title h1 span,.topic-page-title h1 span{background:none;box-shadow:none;font-size:calc(18.15385px + .61538vw)}.category-page-title .badge,.topic-page-title .badge{border-radius:2px;height:18px;margin-top:11px;position:relative}@media(max-width:900px){.category-page-title,.topic-page-title{padding:0}}.category-page-static-text,.topic-page-static-text{font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;padding:0 20px}.writer{color:#e42a1d;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}.writer-container{font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;margin-bottom:2em;padding:0 11px}@media(max-width:900px){.writer-container{padding-left:0}}.writer-container a{color:#e42a1d}.writer-container h3{font-size:1.2em;font-weight:700;line-height:1em;text-transform:uppercase}.writer-container h5{display:block;font-weight:900;margin-bottom:.5rem;margin-top:1em;text-transform:uppercase}.writer-container h6{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:.7em;font-weight:900;margin:0;padding-bottom:.5rem;text-transform:uppercase}.writer-container .writer_name{display:block;font-size:14px;font-weight:900;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding-right:10px;text-transform:uppercase}.writer-container .writer_name span{font-size:14px;font-weight:400;text-transform:none}.writer-container .publish_date{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:.7em;font-weight:900;line-height:2;margin:0;text-transform:uppercase}.writer-container p{font-size:16px;line-height:1.3}.writer-container strong{font-size:15px;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}.writer-container .writer_box{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap}.writer-container .writer_box img.writer_image{border-radius:50%;height:70px;margin-right:15px;width:70px}.writer-container .writer_box h3.writer-name{font-weight:400;margin:0;padding-bottom:7px;text-transform:none}.writer-container .writer_box h3.writer-name span{color:#ee2c1d;font-weight:700;text-transform:uppercase}.writer-container .writer_box .writer-socials{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;width:100%}.writer-container .writer_box .writer-socials a.writer-social{align-items:center;background:#ee2c1d;border-radius:50%;display:flex;height:30px;justify-content:center;margin-right:8px;transition:padding .8s ease-in-out;width:30px}.writer-container .writer_box .writer-socials a.writer-social span{height:20px;transition:transform .25s;width:20px}.writer-container .writer_box .writer-socials a.writer-social span svg{color:#fff;height:20px;padding:0;width:20px}.writer-container .writer_box .writer-socials a.writer-social span:hover{transform:scale(1.2)}.title-container .writer-container .writer_info_wrapper .writer_box{line-height:1}.title-container .writer-container .writer_info_wrapper .writer_box h3.writer_name{padding-bottom:4px}.title-container .writer-container .writer_info_wrapper .writer_box img.writer_image.top_image{height:40px;width:40px}#trending_articles_sidebar{min-height:1000px}#trending_articles_sidebar h3{font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif}#trending_articles_sidebar .trending_article{display:inline-flex;margin:auto auto 30px;text-align:left;width:100%}#trending_articles_sidebar .trending_article a.trending_link{opacity:.8;text-decoration:none;width:100%}#trending_articles_sidebar .trending_article a.trending_link .trending_img_wrapper{background:#f1f1f1;box-shadow:inset 0 0 2px 1px #b9b9b9;height:0;overflow:hidden;padding-top:65%;position:relative}#trending_articles_sidebar .trending_article a.trending_link .trending_img_wrapper img.trending_picture{bottom:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}#trending_articles_sidebar .trending_article a.trending_link h6.trending_title{color:#3c3c3c;font-size:1rem;margin:10px 0 0}#trending_articles_sidebar .trending_article a.trending_link:hover{opacity:1}#rc-widget-58399f{min-height:571px}@media(max-width:500px){#rc-widget-58399f{min-height:1000px}}.card-article{flex:1 200px;max-width:400px;width:100%}.card-article-img-cont{background:#f5f5f5;overflow:hidden;padding-top:66%;position:relative;top:0}.card-article:first-child{margin-right:28px}.card-article img{bottom:0;margin:auto;max-width:100%;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.card-article h2{color:#000;font-size:19px;font-weight:700;line-height:1.42;margin-bottom:0;margin-top:5px}#outstream_container{min-height:360px}@media(max-width:768px){#outstream_container{min-height:190px}}.card-row{border-bottom:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;font-family:sans-serif;justify-content:space-between;margin-bottom:1.5em;margin-top:1.5em;padding-bottom:1.5em}.flex-center{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center}.post-section{padding-left:37px;position:relative}.post-section .right-rail{overflow-y:visible;padding-top:60px;right:30px}.posts{margin-right:370px;max-width:100%}@media(max-width:768px){#cover-main{width:100%}.page-article .row.cover-wrapper{margin-top:73px}.page-article .header-wrapper{display:none}.page-article #posts .row.cover-wrapper{height:0;padding-top:60%}}@media(max-width:990px){.page-article .main-content{padding:0 1em}.posts,.sorting_buttons{margin-right:0!important;padding:0 15px}.post-section{padding:0!important}.card-article{padding-bottom:15px}}@media(max-width:991px){.page-article .left-column{flex:0 0 100%;max-width:100%;padding-right:0}.title-container h1{font-size:1.5em}.page-article .right-rail{display:none}}@media(max-width:860px){main #salon_featured_ad{display:none}}@media(max-width:800px){.ad-topper{min-height:16px}}@media(max-width:500px){.card-row{display:block}.page-article .title-container strong{background:#000;color:#fff;display:block;font-size:11px;font-weight:400;margin-left:-16px;margin-right:-16px;padding:4px 15px}#cover-main h4{margin:0}.card-article{padding-bottom:15px}}#loginModal,#userModal{display:none}@media(max-width:768px){.outer-ad-unit-wrapper#outer_ad_unit_1{display:block;min-height:450px}.outer-ad-unit-wrapper#outer_ad_unit_1 div[class^=htlad-salon_m_incontent]{position:sticky;top:15px}}.page-article article{line-height:1.9em}.page-article article .mceTemp{display:flex;width:100%}.page-article article ul{overflow-wrap:break-word}.page-article article li{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:20px;padding-bottom:10px}@media(max-width:800px){.page-article article li{font-size:16px}}.page-article article .outer-ad-unit-wrapper{background:#fafafa;margin:20px 0;padding:28px 0 12px;position:relative}.page-article article .outer-ad-unit-wrapper .htlad-salon_dt_incontent_article{align-items:center;display:flex}.page-article article span.ad-caption,.page-article article span.proper-caption{color:#656565;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:14px;font-style:italic;line-height:1;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:7px;width:100%}.page-article article .proper-ad-unit,.page-article article .salon-ad-unit{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;line-height:1;padding-top:22px;position:unset;text-align:center;width:100%}.page-article article #salon_auto_video,.page-article article #salon_in_article_rev_content{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;margin:auto;max-width:640px;padding-top:22px;width:100%}.page-article article #salon_auto_video .proper-ad-unit,.page-article article #salon_auto_video .salon-ad-unit,.page-article article #salon_in_article_rev_content .proper-ad-unit,.page-article article #salon_in_article_rev_content .salon-ad-unit{border:none;margin:0;min-height:auto;padding:0}.page-article article .outer_youtube_embed{display:block;height:100%;overflow:hidden;position:relative;width:auto}.page-article article .outer_youtube_embed:before{content:"";display:block;padding-bottom:56.25%}.page-article article .outer_youtube_embed .inner_youtube_embed{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100%;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.page-article article .outer_youtube_embed .inner_youtube_embed iframe{height:100%;object-fit:cover;width:100%}article:first-letter{float:left;font-family:Georgia,serif;font-size:625%;line-height:.9;margin:-1px 9px 0 0}.page-article a:hover{text-decoration:underline}#try_in_app_wrapper button{align-items:center;background:none;border:2px solid #7c7c7c;border-radius:4px;color:#7c7c7c;cursor:pointer;display:none;font-size:12px;font-weight:600;height:30px;margin:0;outline:none}@media(max-width:800px){#try_in_app_wrapper button{display:flex}}#try_in_app_wrapper button svg{height:16px;margin-right:4px;width:14px}#try_in_app_wrapper button:hover{border-color:#ed2c1d;color:#ed2c1d}#try_in_app_wrapper button:hover svg{color:#ed2c1d}#try_in_app_wrapper button:focus{outline:1px solid #000}#social_total{display:flex}#social_total a{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-right:15px;position:relative}#social_total a:hover{text-decoration:none}#social_total .outer_share_num_wrapper{display:flex;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center;top:-15px}@media(max-width:800px){#social_total .share_containers{min-width:36px}#social_total .share_containers span{display:none}#social_total .outer_share_num_wrapper{right:-6px;top:-18px}}.total-cont{display:none}.page-article .shares{background:#5f5f5f;border:2px solid #fff;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:none;font-size:11px;font-weight:700;min-width:30px;padding:2px 4px;position:relative}.page-article .shares:after{border-left:7px solid transparent;border-right:7px solid transparent;border-top:7px solid #fff;bottom:-7px;clear:both;content:"";height:0;left:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:0;width:0}svg.social_shares{color:#fff;height:28px;padding-top:5px;width:22px}hr{border-top:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);margin:1.5em 0}a{background-color:transparent;color:#e42a1d;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;text-decoration:none}.article-content p a:not(.buy_button){color:#e42a1d!important}.article-content .dish_name_container{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-bottom:10px}.article-content .dish_name_container .share_buttons{display:flex;flex:1;flex-direction:row;justify-content:center}.article-content .dish_name_container .share_buttons a{border:1px solid #000;display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:27px;justify-content:center;margin:auto 10px auto 0;padding:2px;text-align:center;width:27px}.article-content .dish_name_container .share_buttons a svg{color:#ee2c1d;height:18px}.article-content .dish_name_container .share_buttons a:hover{background-color:#000}.article-content .dish_name_container .dish_name{flex:1;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:600}@media(max-width:700px){.article-content .dish_name_container{flex-direction:column}.article-content .dish_name_container .share_buttons{justify-content:right}.article-content .dish_name_container .dish_name{margin-bottom:5px}}.article-content .article_template{border-bottom:1px solid #dfdfdf;display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding-bottom:35px}.article-content .article_template .template_header{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-family:sans-serif;margin-bottom:15px;margin-top:25px;width:100%}.article-content .article_template .template_header .template_number{border-left:4px solid #cf3c34;color:#525252;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:37px;font-weight:700;margin:0;padding:13px}.article-content .article_template .template_header .template_title{color:#cf3c34;display:flex;font-size:20px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:6px 0;overflow-wrap:break-word;padding:5px;white-space:pre-wrap}@media(max-width:800px){.article-content .article_template .template_header .template_title{font-size:17px}}.article-content .article_template .template_header .template_title a{color:#cf3c34}@media(max-width:700px){.article-content .article_template .template_header{align-items:baseline;border-left:4px solid #cf3c34;flex-direction:column;margin-bottom:17px;padding-left:10px}.article-content .article_template .template_header .template_number{border:none;padding:0 0 0 4px}.article-content .article_template .template_header .template_title{margin:5px 0 0;padding-bottom:0}}.article-content .article_template .template_content{font-family:sans-serif}.article-content .article_template .template_content p{margin:0}.article-content .article_template .template_content .image_holder{background:#eaeaea;display:flex;float:left;height:0;margin-right:15px;max-width:50%;overflow:hidden;padding-top:37%;position:relative;width:100%}.article-content .article_template .template_content .image_holder img{bottom:0;height:100%;left:0;margin:auto;object-fit:cover;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:100%}@media(max-width:700px){.article-content .article_template .template_content .image_holder{max-width:100%;padding-top:67%}}.article-content .article_template .template_content .image_holder strong.insert_image{background:#000;bottom:0;color:#fff;font-style:italic;left:0;line-height:normal;margin:0;padding:2px 6px;position:absolute;text-align:center}.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description{color:#222;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:20px;font-weight:400;margin:0;overflow-wrap:break-word}@media(max-width:800px){.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description{font-size:17px}}.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description h1,.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description h2,.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description h3,.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description h4,.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description h5,.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description h6,.article-content .article_template .template_content .template_description p,.article-content .article_template .template_title h1,.article-content .article_template .template_title h2,.article-content .article_template .template_title h3,.article-content .article_template .template_title h4,.article-content .article_template .template_title h5,.article-content .article_template .template_title h6,.article-content .article_template .template_title p{font-family:sans-serif;font-size:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin:0}.article-content .article_template:last-of-type{border-bottom:none}body{background-color:#fff;margin:0;overflow-x:hidden;padding:0;position:relative}*,:after,:before{box-sizing:border-box}#trending_now_button{border-bottom:none!important}.row{display:flex}.sorting_buttons{display:block;margin-right:370px;max-width:100%;padding:17px 0 0;text-align:center}.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs{display:flex;flex-wrap:nowrap;justify-content:space-around;padding-bottom:10px;width:100%}.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs button{cursor:pointer}.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs a,.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs button{background:transparent;border:none;color:#f23923;font-size:18px;font-weight:500;opacity:.4;padding-bottom:10px;transition:.3s;width:95px}.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs a:hover,.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs button:hover{opacity:1;text-decoration:none}.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs .selected{border-bottom:4px solid #e42a1d;color:#e42a1d;font-weight:700;opacity:1;padding-bottom:8px;padding-left:5px;padding-right:5px}.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs .selected:hover{text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none}.sorting_buttons .filter-tabs .no-border{border-bottom:none}.sorting_buttons .trending-sub{border:1px solid red;border-radius:4px;text-align:center}.sorting_buttons .trending-sub .selected{background:#f23923;border-radius:1px;color:#fff;font-weight:700;padding-top:4px}.sorting_buttons .trending-sub a,.sorting_buttons .trending-sub button{border:none;color:#000;display:table-cell;font-weight:400;padding:3px 11px;width:92px}.sorting_buttons .trending-sub a:first-child,.sorting_buttons .trending-sub button:first-child{margin-right:-4px}.sorting_buttons .trending-sub a:nth-child(2),.sorting_buttons .trending-sub button:nth-child(2){border-left:1px solid red;border-right:1px solid red}.sorting_buttons .trending-sub a:nth-child(3),.sorting_buttons .trending-sub button:nth-child(3){margin-left:-4px}.sorting_buttons .hide{display:none}.sorting_buttons .display{display:inline-block}@media(max-width:350px){.posts .sorting_buttons a,.posts .sorting_buttons button{font-size:18px}}.active_loader{background:#000;display:block;height:100%;left:0;opacity:.6;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;z-index:100001}.active_loader #loader{-webkit-animation:spin 2s linear infinite;animation:spin 2s linear infinite;border:10px solid #fff;border-radius:50%;border-top-color:red;bottom:0;height:80px;left:0;margin:auto;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:80px}@keyframes spin{0%{transform:rotate(0deg)}to{transform:rotate(1turn)}}.inactive_loader{display:none}.page_loader{height:110%;top:-55px}.latest_row{display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-bottom:15px}.latest_row div{width:100%}.latest_row hr{color:#000;margin:5px}.latest_row .latest_footer{color:#000;padding:10px 0 0 10px}.latest_row img{flex-basis:33.33%;max-height:150px;max-width:200px}.latest_row .latest_header{display:flex;flex-direction:column;padding:10px 0 10px 10px}.latest_row .latest_header .latest_title{color:#000;font-size:18px;font-weight:600}.latest_row .latest_header .latest_date{color:#6b6b6b;font-size:14px;margin-left:auto}.latest_row .latest_header div{display:flex;flex-direction:row}.latest_row .latest_header div .writer{flex-basis:75%}.latest_break{color:#e5e6e6}body.night_vision_mode{background:#1d1d1d}body.night_vision_mode main .saved-title,body.night_vision_mode main div{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode .cook_time_table{border:2px solid #fff;border-right:none;border-top:10px solid #ee2c1d}body.night_vision_mode .cook_time_table>div{border-right:2px solid #fff}body.night_vision_mode .span_vector_black{color:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode #profile_holder .profile_left_wrapper .partner_sites,body.night_vision_mode #profile_holder .profile_left_wrapper .profile_options div span,body.night_vision_mode #profile_holder .profile_left_wrapper .profile_options div span a,body.night_vision_mode #profile_holder .profile_right_wrapper .profile_info_box .profile_title{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode #profile_holder .profile_right_wrapper .profile_info_box p{color:#e6e6e6}body.night_vision_mode #profile_holder .profile_right_wrapper .profile_info_box p span{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode #new_navbar_wrapper .user-logged-in svg.s_logos{color:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode #new_navbar_wrapper .outer_navbar_container{border-color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode #new_navbar_wrapper .outer_navbar_container .main_navbar_wrap .logo_link_container{background:#1d1d1d}body.night_vision_mode #new_navbar_wrapper .outer_navbar_container .main_navbar_wrap #navbar_cats_container .navbar_cats .nav_cat a.nav_link{color:#fff}@media(max-width:900px){body.night_vision_mode #new_navbar_wrapper .mobile_nav_wrapper,body.night_vision_mode #new_navbar_wrapper .nav_wrap{background:#2d2d2d;border-color:#d4d4d4}body.night_vision_mode #new_navbar_wrapper .mobile_burger div{background:#fff;border-color:#fff}}body.night_vision_mode .sticky_nav{background-color:#1d1d1d;box-shadow:0 2px 9px #292929}body.night_vision_mode .video-title a,body.night_vision_mode h2{color:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode main .header_title_wrapper p{border-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#fff,transparent) 100% 1!important}body.night_vision_mode main .header_title_wrapper span{background:#1d1d1d}body.night_vision_mode main .header_title_wrapper a{color:#ed2c1d!important}body.night_vision_mode main .header_title_wrapper span:after,body.night_vision_mode main .header_title_wrapper span:before{border-color:#cecece!important}body.night_vision_mode main .trending_section .header_title_wrapper p span{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode main .inner_writer_wrap h2 span,body.night_vision_mode main .writer{color:#b1b1b1!important}body.night_vision_mode main a.featured_video_more_button,body.night_vision_mode main h3.readers-choice-deck{color:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode footer a{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode .justify-content-lg-center{background:#2f2f2f}body.night_vision_mode .video-rail{background:#1d1d1d}body.night_vision_mode .video-rail #main-options-row .main-tabs .main-tabs-cont .s_play_button_logo,body.night_vision_mode .video-rail #main-options-row .main-tabs .main-tabs-cont .siderail-icon{color:#ed2c1d}body.night_vision_mode .video-rail #main-options-row .main-tabs:hover{background:#2f2f2f}body.night_vision_mode .video-rail .siderail-title,body.night_vision_mode .video-rail a.main-tabs-cont{color:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode .video-bar{background:#1d1d1d}body.night_vision_mode .video-bar #video-description{background:#2f2f2f}body.night_vision_mode .video-bar .btn-toolbar .back-to-page,body.night_vision_mode .video-bar .description-row-cont,body.night_vision_mode .video-bar h1,body.night_vision_mode .video-bar p{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode section.row #video-description{background:#2f2f2f}body.night_vision_mode main#posts .title-container h1,body.night_vision_mode section.row #video-description h1{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .writer_info_wrapper h6,body.night_vision_mode main#posts strong.article_img_desc{color:#d8d8d8!important}body.night_vision_mode main#posts .editors_note{color:#d8d8d8}body.night_vision_mode main#posts article blockquote{background:#8a8a8a}body.night_vision_mode main#posts article p{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode main#posts article span.ad-caption,body.night_vision_mode main#posts article span.proper-caption{color:#8a8a8a}body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder{border-color:#b5b5b5;color:#b5b5b5}body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder svg,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder svg{color:#b5b5b5}body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder:hover,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder:hover{border-color:#ed2c1d;color:#ed2c1d}body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper #try_in_app_wrapper a span#app_button_holder:hover svg,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a span#save_button_holder:hover svg{color:#ed2c1d}body.night_vision_mode #writer-page .writer-title,body.night_vision_mode #writer-page section,body.night_vision_mode .user_info_box p,body.night_vision_mode .user_info_box p span,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .explore_section h5,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .rating_font,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .right-rail #trending_articles_sidebar .trending_article a.trending_link h6.trending_title,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .right-rail #trending_articles_sidebar h3,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-container h3,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-container p,body.night_vision_mode main#posts .writer-container strong{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium{background:#636363;border-color:#8a8a8a}body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .wrapper_page_title h1.page_title,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium p,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium p.px-3{color:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card-deck{background:#8a8a8a;border-color:#a5a5a5}body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card-deck .card{border-color:#a5a5a5}body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card .card-body:hover,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card-deck .card .card-body:hover{background:#1d1d1d}body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card .card-body h1,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card .card-body h2,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card .card-body h3,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card-deck .card .card-body h1,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card-deck .card .card-body h2,body.night_vision_mode #salon-premium .container .card-deck .card .card-body h3{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode .search-container .search-clear{background:#fff;border-bottom:3px solid #000}body.night_vision_mode section .search-post{border-color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode #searchbox-results p,body.night_vision_mode .pagenumber,body.night_vision_mode .results-for,body.night_vision_mode .source_section .source_description,body.night_vision_mode article li,body.night_vision_mode p,body.night_vision_mode section .search-post .deck,body.night_vision_mode section .search-post .search-title,body.night_vision_mode section .search-post .time{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode main .main-content .topic_explore_box #topic_section .topic_button:hover{border-color:#fff;color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode main .banner_ad_between_sections .outer-ad-unit-wrapper{background:#616161;border-color:#a2a2a2}body.night_vision_mode .card-row{border-color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode #rc-widget-58399f .rc-uid-110459 .rc-headline,body.night_vision_mode #rc-widget-58399f .rc-widget-header h3{color:#fff!important}@media(max-width:900px){body.night_vision_mode main#posts section.article_outer_wrapper article .outer-ad-unit-wrapper{background:#616161;border-color:#a2a2a2}body.night_vision_mode main#posts section.article_outer_wrapper article span.ad-caption,body.night_vision_mode main#posts section.article_outer_wrapper article span.proper-caption{color:#a9a9a9}}body.night_vision_mode #about-page .nav-pills .nav-link,body.night_vision_mode #about-page .tab-content div,body.night_vision_mode #about-page .tab-content h1,body.night_vision_mode #about-page .tab-content h3,body.night_vision_mode #about-page .tab-content li,body.night_vision_mode #about-page .tab-content strong{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many{background:#2b2b2b}body.night_vision_mode #about-page #ways_to_get_wrapper #ways_to_find_outer .one_of_many a{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode #about-page .tab-content a:hover{color:#ee2c1d;text-decoration:underline}body.night_vision_mode #about-mobile-nav{background-color:#2d2d2d}body.night_vision_mode .latest_row .latest_date,body.night_vision_mode .latest_row .latest_footer,body.night_vision_mode .latest_row .latest_header .latest_title,body.night_vision_mode .latest_row hr{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode .container .quotes_wrap .quotes_box{border-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#fff,transparent) 100% 1}body.night_vision_mode .container .quotes_wrap .quotes_box .quote_headers{background:#1d1d1d;color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode .container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card,body.night_vision_mode .container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2{background:#242424;border:1px solid #686868;box-shadow:0 2px 4px #272727}body.night_vision_mode .container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body .price_number,body.night_vision_mode .container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body h3,body.night_vision_mode .container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body .price_number,body.night_vision_mode .container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body h3,body.night_vision_mode .container #subscription-box p:not(.disclaimer){color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode .container .disclaimer{color:#a5a5a5}body.night_vision_mode .container .mission_wrap h3.mission_statement_header{color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode .container .mission_wrap .mission_statement_wrap{color:#e0e0e0}body.night_vision_mode .header__bottom-inner .logo,body.night_vision_mode .header__top,body.night_vision_mode .header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper,body.night_vision_mode .header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children.active>a{background:#1d1d1d}body.night_vision_mode .header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper .has-children.active>a:after{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='M17 12.998H5v-2h12v2Z' fill='%23FFF'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}body.night_vision_mode .header__bottom{border-color:#fff}body.night_vision_mode .header .burger,body.night_vision_mode .header__bottom-inner ul a,body.night_vision_mode .header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li a{color:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode .header__top-left .mobile-menu__wrapper ul li a:hover{background:#666}body.night_vision_mode .auth.popover svg path{fill:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode .header .burger svg path{stroke:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode .site-container .accordion-header,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .accordion.active,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article .exceptr .read-more,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article .partners__table-col:first-child,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article .partners__table-col:first-child .title,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article h3,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article__content,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article__content .author,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article__content .author__info-name,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article__content .partner__info-title,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article__content .partner__table-row>div:first-child,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article__content .partner__table-row>div:nth-child(2),body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article__header h1,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article__meta .author__name,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .author-title,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .external span,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .link,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .partners__table-bonus-title,body.night_vision_mode .site-container .table .table-wrapper table tbody tr td{background:#1d1d1d!important;color:#fff!important}body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article .exceptr .read-more{background:linear-gradient(270deg,#1d1d1d 85%,rgba(29,29,29,.71) 100%,rgba(29,29,29,.944) 0)!important}body.night_vision_mode .site-container .article .exceptr .read-more:after{background-image:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf-8,%3Csvg width='16' height='16' fill='none' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cpath d='m8 8.781 3.3-3.3.943.943L8 10.667 3.758 6.424l.942-.943 3.3 3.3Z' fill='%23FFF'/%3E%3C/svg%3E")}@media(max-width:1130px){.episode-page-cont{padding:.5em}}@media screen and (min-width:1130px){.latest_row .latest_header .latest_date{float:right}.latest_row .latest_header div{display:block}.latest_row .latest_header div .writer{float:left}}@media screen and (min-width:990px){.latest_row .latest_header div .writer{flex-basis:55%}}@media screen and (max-width:990px){.latest_row .latest_header div .writer{flex-basis:60%}}@media only screen and (max-width:800px){.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a{margin:0}.page-article .writer-app-wrapper .view_app_wrapper .save_container a svg{width:16px}}@media screen and (max-width:750px){.latest_row{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.latest_row img{margin:auto;max-height:400px;max-width:500px;width:100%}.latest_row .latest_header .latest_title{font-size:22px}.latest_row .latest_header div .writer{flex-basis:60%}}@media screen and (max-width:450px){.latest_row .latest_header .latest_title{font-size:19px}.latest_row .latest_header .latest_date{margin-left:0}.latest_row .latest_header div{flex-direction:column}}#login-box{text-align:center}#login-box button{-webkit-appearance:none;background:#3977ea;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:4px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:21px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.5;opacity:1;outline:0;padding:.375rem .75rem;width:110px}#login-box button:hover{opacity:.9}.page-article .cook_time_table{border:2px solid #000;border-right:none;border-top:10px solid #ee2c1d;display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;justify-content:space-between}@media(max-width:575px){.page-article .cook_time_table{border-bottom:none;flex-direction:column}}.page-article .cook_time_table>div{border-right:2px solid #000;display:flex;flex:3;flex-direction:column;text-align:center}@media(max-width:575px){.page-article .cook_time_table>div{border-bottom:2px solid #000}}.page-article .cook_time_table>div>div:first-child{flex:1;padding-top:15px}.page-article .cook_time_table>div>div:nth-child(2){display:flex;flex:1;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;padding-bottom:13px}.page-article .cook_time_table>div div:nth-child(2)>div>span{color:#ee2c1d;font-size:27px}.page-article .recipe_section{display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif}@media(max-width:575px){.page-article .recipe_section{flex-direction:column}}.page-article .recipe_section .recipe_step{list-style-type:none;padding-left:0}.page-article .recipe_section .recipe_step li{counter-increment:customlistcounter;margin-bottom:15px;margin-left:25px;position:relative}.page-article .recipe_section .recipe_step li:before{background-color:#ee2c1d;color:#fff;content:counter(customlistcounter) " ";font-size:20px;font-weight:700;left:-38px;padding:3px 2px 0 0;position:absolute;text-align:center;top:-4px;width:1.4em}@media(max-width:800px){.page-article .recipe_section .recipe_step li:before{font-size:16px}}@media(max-width:575px){.page-article .recipe_section .recipe_step li:before{padding:3px 2px 0 0}}.page-article .recipe_section .recipe_step:first-child{counter-reset:customlistcounter}.page-article .recipe_section>div:first-child{border-right:2px solid #ee2c1d;flex:4;margin-right:13px;padding-right:15px;position:relative;width:100%}@media(max-width:575px){.page-article .recipe_section>div:first-child{border-bottom:2px solid #ee2c1d;border-right:none}}.page-article .recipe_section div:nth-child(2){flex:6;width:100%}.page-article .cook_notes{font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif}.page-article .cook_notes>p>span{font-size:28px}.page-article .rating_container{margin-left:auto}.page-article .rating_container .recipe_ratings{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:nowrap}.page-article .rating_container .recipe_ratings .red_star{background:#ed3833}.page-article .rating_container .recipe_ratings .portion_star{background:linear-gradient(to right,#ee2c1d 0,#ee2c1d var(--p),#929493 var(--p))}.page-article .rating_container .recipe_ratings .score_info{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center}.page-article .rating_container #user_score{text-align:center}.page-article .top_quote{border-top:5px solid #ee2c1d;margin-bottom:20px;position:relative}.page-article .top_quote p{font-size:24px;font-weight:600;line-height:34px;margin:0;padding:10px 15px 0}@media(max-width:600px){.page-article .top_quote p{font-size:22px;line-height:30px}}.page-article .top_quote:after,.page-article .top_quote:before{background:#ee2c1d;content:"";height:40px;position:absolute;width:5px}.page-article .top_quote:after{right:0;top:0}.page-article .left_quote{border-left:5px solid #ee2c1d;position:relative}.page-article .left_quote p{font-size:24px;font-weight:600;line-height:34px;margin:0;padding:10px 15px}@media(max-width:600px){.page-article .left_quote p{font-size:22px;line-height:30px}}@media(min-width:601px){.page-article .left_quote{float:left;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:20px;width:65%}}.page-article .left_quote:before{top:0;width:200px}.page-article .left_quote:after,.page-article .left_quote:before{background:#ee2c1d;content:"";height:5px;left:0;position:absolute}.page-article .left_quote:after{bottom:0;width:100px}.page-article .right_quote{border-right:5px solid #ee2c1d;position:relative}.page-article .right_quote p{font-size:24px;font-weight:600;line-height:34px;margin:0;padding:10px 15px;text-align:right}@media(max-width:600px){.page-article .right_quote p{font-size:22px;line-height:30px}}@media(min-width:601px){.page-article .right_quote{float:right;margin-bottom:10px;margin-top:20px;width:65%}}.page-article .right_quote:before{background:#ee2c1d;content:"";height:5px;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;width:200px}.page-article .right_quote:after{background:#ee2c1d;bottom:0;content:"";height:5px;position:absolute;right:0;width:100px}.page-article .loading{animation:blinker 1s linear infinite;margin-left:auto;white-space:nowrap}.page-article .rating_font{color:#6b6b6b;font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:.7em;font-weight:900}@keyframes blinker{50%{opacity:0}}.page-article .hide{display:none}.page-article .ratings_bar{border-top:2px solid #ee2c1d;display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-top:10px;min-height:72px;padding-top:10px}@media(max-width:425px){.page-article .ratings_bar{border-top:2px solid #000}}.page-article .ratings_bar .rating_title{font-family:Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;font-weight:600}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription{background:#f1e2e7;border-radius:16px;margin:5em auto;max-width:960px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer{display:flex;flex-direction:column;min-height:350px;width:100%}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper{background:#fff;border-bottom:2px solid #757575;border-radius:14px 14px 0 0;border-right:none;padding:30px;position:relative;width:100%}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper .logo_artwork_wrap{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:auto;text-align:center;width:100%}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper .logo_artwork_wrap h2.logo_title_img{display:flex;font-family:serif;font-size:70px;justify-content:end;margin:0;padding-right:7px;width:auto}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper .logo_artwork_wrap img{width:180px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper p{font-size:25px;line-height:1.3;margin-bottom:45px;margin-top:30px;padding:10px 20px;position:relative;text-align:center}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper p span{position:relative}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper span:before{border-color:#ed2c1d;border-style:solid none none solid;border-width:6.09px;content:"";display:inline-block;height:17px;left:-12px;position:absolute;top:-7px;width:14px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper a{background:#ee2c1d;border:solid #ee2c1d;border-radius:50px;bottom:30px;box-shadow:0 0 4px #a3a3a3;color:#fff;left:0;margin:auto;padding:5px 10px;position:absolute;right:0;text-align:center!important;width:145px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second-third_wrapper{display:flex;flex-direction:row;width:100%}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper{border-right:2px dashed gray}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper h3{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-family:serif;font-size:24px;justify-content:center;margin:0;padding-bottom:35px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper h3 svg{color:#000;margin-left:4px;width:12px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper .marketing_section .subscribe_row{align-items:center;display:flex;flex-direction:row;margin-bottom:20px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper .marketing_section .subscribe_row svg{color:#ee2c1d;height:25px;margin-right:9px;width:25px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper .marketing_section .subscribe_row p{font-size:18px;margin:0;width:100%}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .third_box_wrapper{position:relative}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .third_box_wrapper a{border:1px solid gray;border-radius:5px;bottom:12px;display:flex;justify-content:center;left:0;margin:auto;padding:8px 10px;position:absolute;right:0;transition:background-color .5s ease,color .5s ease;width:70%}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .third_box_wrapper a:hover{background:red;color:#fff}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .third_box_wrapper p{margin-bottom:75px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .third_box_wrapper p span{font-size:18px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .third_box_wrapper .sub_artwork_wrap{text-align:center}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .third_box_wrapper .sub_artwork_wrap img{width:85%}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper,.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .third_box_wrapper{margin:20px 0;padding:0 20px;width:100%}@media(max-width:650px){.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second-third_wrapper{flex-direction:column}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second-third_wrapper .second_box_wrapper{border-bottom:2px dashed gray;border-right:none;margin:0 20px;padding:20px 0;width:auto}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second-third_wrapper .third_box_wrapper a{background:red;color:#fff}}@media(max-width:500px){.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper .logo_artwork_wrap h2.logo_title_img{font-size:45px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper .logo_artwork_wrap img{width:115px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper p{margin-bottom:55px;padding:0}}@media(max-width:375px){.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper{padding:20px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper .logo_artwork_wrap h2.logo_title_img{font-size:38px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper .logo_artwork_wrap img{width:100px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .first_box_wrapper p{font-size:22px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper h3{font-size:20px}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription .subscription_modal_outer .second_box_wrapper .marketing_section .subscribe_row p{font-size:15px}}.page-article #modal-box .modal.modal-type-subscription img{width:100%}#outer_sticky{bottom:0;display:block;height:90px;position:fixed;width:100%!important;z-index:100000}#outer_sticky #close_sticky{align-items:center;background:#949494;border-radius:5px 0 0;bottom:90px;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:25px;justify-content:center;position:absolute;right:0;width:40px;z-index:9999999}#outer_sticky #close_sticky svg{color:#fff;height:13px;margin-right:1px;width:13px}@media(max-width:550px){#outer_sticky #close_sticky{height:20px;right:0;top:-20px;width:20px}#outer_sticky #close_sticky svg{height:10px;padding-left:1px;width:10px}}#outer_sticky div[id*=google_ads_iframe_]{width:100%!important}@media(max-width:550px){#outer_sticky{height:50px}}#outer_sticky .htlad-salon_dt_sticky_article,#outer_sticky .htlad-salon_m_sticky_article{position:relative;z-index:2}#outer_sticky:before{background:hsla(0,0%,64%,.431);bottom:0;content:"";display:block;height:90px;position:absolute;width:100%;z-index:1}@media(max-width:550px){#outer_sticky:before{height:50px}}.in_between_article_ad_container{min-height:250px}.video_cont_wrapper .first_video_wrapper #salon_main_video{position:absolute;top:0}#salon_featured_video,[id^=salon_main_video]{background-color:#000;display:flex;height:100%;position:relative;width:100%}#salon_featured_video #control_bar,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar{background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,hsla(0,0%,100%,0),rgba(0,0,0,.56));bottom:-1px;height:43px;left:0;opacity:0;position:absolute;right:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out;transition:opacity .3s ease-in-out;width:100%;z-index:4}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .top-progress-bar,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .top-progress-bar{left:15px;position:absolute;top:0;width:calc(100% - 30px);z-index:9}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .top-progress-bar #progress_bar::-webkit-slider-thumb,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .top-progress-bar #progress_bar::-webkit-slider-thumb{-webkit-appearance:none;background:#ef2b1d;border-radius:50px;height:14px;margin-left:-2px;opacity:0;transition:opacity .3s ease-in-out;visibility:hidden;width:14px}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .top-progress-bar #progress_bar,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .top-progress-bar #progress_bar{-webkit-appearance:none;background:none;background-color:hsla(0,0%,87%,.702);background-image:-webkit-gradient(linear,50% 0,50% 100%,color-stop(0,#ef2b1d),color-stop(100%,#ef2b1d));background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:0 100%;cursor:pointer;display:block;height:4px;margin:0;padding:0;transition:height .3s ease-in-out;width:100%}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .top-progress-bar #progress_bar:hover::-webkit-slider-thumb,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .top-progress-bar #progress_bar:hover::-webkit-slider-thumb{opacity:1;visibility:visible}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .bottom-controls,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .bottom-controls{bottom:2px;display:flex;height:36px;justify-content:space-between;position:absolute;width:100%}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .bottom-controls .left-group,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .bottom-controls .left-group{align-items:center;display:flex;height:100%}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .bottom-controls .left-group button#play_button,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .bottom-controls .left-group button#play_button{margin:0 8px 0 14px}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .bottom-controls #right-group,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .bottom-controls #right-group{align-items:center;display:flex;margin-right:14px;padding-right:30px}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .bottom-controls button,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .bottom-controls button{align-items:center;background:transparent;border:none;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:flex;font-size:16px;height:30px;justify-content:center;opacity:.8;padding:0;width:30px}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .bottom-controls button svg,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .bottom-controls button svg{height:15px;width:15px}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .bottom-controls button:hover,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .bottom-controls button:hover{opacity:1}#salon_featured_video #control_bar .bottom-controls #time span,[id^=salon_main_video] #control_bar .bottom-controls #time span{color:#fff;font-size:13px;opacity:.8}#salon_featured_video #volume-group,[id^=salon_main_video] #volume-group{align-items:center;bottom:11px;display:flex;line-height:normal;position:absolute;right:18px;z-index:5}#salon_featured_video #volume-group button,[id^=salon_main_video] #volume-group button{background:transparent;border:none;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;height:18px;padding:0;width:20px}#salon_featured_video #volume-group button svg,[id^=salon_main_video] #volume-group button svg{height:18px;width:18px}#salon_featured_video #volume-group button svg.mute_icon,[id^=salon_main_video] #volume-group button svg.mute_icon{height:14px;margin-right:2px;margin-top:2px}#salon_featured_video #volume-group input,[id^=salon_main_video] #volume-group input{-webkit-appearance:none;background:#fff;bottom:70px;cursor:pointer;height:3px;opacity:0;padding:0;position:absolute;right:-29px;transform:rotate(-90deg);transition:visibility .5s,opacity .5s linear;vertical-align:middle;visibility:hidden;width:75px}#salon_featured_video #volume-group input::-webkit-slider-thumb,[id^=salon_main_video] #volume-group input::-webkit-slider-thumb{-webkit-appearance:none;background:#ef2b1d;border-radius:50px;height:12px;margin-right:-3px;width:12px}#salon_featured_video #volume-group:hover input,[id^=salon_main_video] #volume-group:hover input{opacity:1;visibility:visible}#salon_featured_video:hover #control_bar,[id^=salon_main_video]:hover #control_bar{opacity:1}#overlay_container{align-items:center;background-image:linear-gradient(180deg,hsla(0,0%,100%,0),rgba(0,0,0,.36));bottom:0;cursor:pointer;display:flex;justify-content:center;left:0;opacity:0;position:absolute;right:0;top:0;-webkit-transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out;transition:opacity .3s ease-in-out;width:100%;z-index:4}#overlay_container svg{color:#fff;height:50px;width:50px}#overlay_container:hover,#overlay_container:hover #title_container{opacity:1}#title_container{cursor:auto;left:14px;line-height:1.2;max-width:250px;opacity:0;position:absolute;top:10px;-webkit-transition:opacity .5s ease-in-out;transition:opacity .3s ease-in-out}#title_container span{box-shadow:inset 0 0 0 20px #ef2b1d;color:#dadada;font-size:14px;font-weight:700;padding:2px 6px}#quality_change_dropdown{align-items:center;background:#2e2e2e;border-radius:5px;bottom:45px;flex-direction:column;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;right:80px}#quality_change_dropdown span{border-bottom:1px solid #3d3d3d;color:#ddd;cursor:pointer;font-size:13px;font-weight:700;padding:10px 15px;width:60px}#quality_change_dropdown span.selected,#quality_change_dropdown span:hover{background:#3d3d3d}#quality_change_dropdown span:last-child{border-bottom:none}@media(max-width:550px){#quality_change_dropdown{max-height:100px;overflow:scroll}}@media(min-width:992px){#in_brief_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts,#infinite_scroll_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts{display:flex;flex-direction:row}#in_brief_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_article_cont_wrapper,#infinite_scroll_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_article_cont_wrapper{margin-right:40px}#in_brief_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_article_cont_wrapper .left-column,#infinite_scroll_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_article_cont_wrapper .left-column{max-width:none}#in_brief_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_article_cont_wrapper #social_total .share_containers,#infinite_scroll_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_article_cont_wrapper #social_total .share_containers{min-width:34px}#in_brief_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_article_cont_wrapper #social_total .share_containers span,#infinite_scroll_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_article_cont_wrapper #social_total .share_containers span{display:none}#in_brief_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_sidebar_wrapper,#infinite_scroll_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_sidebar_wrapper{border:4px dashed #fafafa;padding:15px;position:sticky;top:15px}#in_brief_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_sidebar_wrapper .right-rail,#infinite_scroll_container .container_in_brief .main-content .scroll-posts #briefs_sidebar_wrapper .right-rail{padding-top:0;position:unset}#in_brief_container .container_in_brief .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper,#infinite_scroll_container .container_in_brief .main-content .article_outer_wrapper .article_rail_wrapper{position:unset}}#in_brief_container .in_between_article_ad_container.outer-ad-unit-wrapper,#infinite_scroll_container .in_between_article_ad_container.outer-ad-unit-wrapper{background:#fafafa;margin:60px 0;min-height:290px;padding:20px 0}.openpass_login_button{margin:0!important}.openpass_login_button #openpass-login{align-items:center;background:#fff!important;border-color:#030a40!important;color:#030a40!important;display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:0}.openpass_login_button #openpass-login #openpass_img{height:auto;margin-right:6px;width:110px}.openpass_login_button #openpass-login #openpass_text{font-weight:700}.openpass_login_button #openpass-login:hover{opacity:.8}.term-item.openpass{margin:0!important}.term-item.openpass #openpass-login{align-items:center;background:#fff!important;border-color:#030a40!important;border-radius:4px;color:#030a40!important;cursor:pointer;display:flex;height:40px;justify-content:center;margin:1em auto;width:100%}.term-item.openpass #openpass-login #openpass_img{height:auto;margin-right:6px;width:110px}.term-item.openpass #openpass-login #openpass_text{font-size:19px;font-weight:700}.term-item.openpass #openpass-login:hover{opacity:.8}@media screen and (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio:0){input,select,textarea{font-size:16px!important}} #newsletter-form{background-color:#ee2c1d;background-position:105% 115%;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:140px;margin:0;overflow:hidden;padding:1.5em;position:relative}#newsletter-form>div{border:2px dotted #000;position:relative;z-index:2}#newsletter-form>div a{display:flex;margin:0 5px}#newsletter-form .form-check{font-size:12px;font-weight:700;margin:5px auto;text-align:left;text-transform:none;width:330px}#newsletter-form hr{margin:1.5em 0}#newsletter-form #newsletter-s{bottom:-30px;position:absolute;right:-30px;width:140px;z-index:1}#newsletter-form ::placeholder{color:#000;font-size:15px;font-weight:700}#newsletter-form p{margin:1em auto}#newsletter-form form{padding:1em 0 0;position:relative;text-align:center;text-transform:uppercase}#newsletter-form form h2{border-bottom:1px solid #fff;color:#fff;display:inline-block;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;font-size:35px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin:0 0 20px;padding:0 .5em .5em}#newsletter-form form h3{font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;font-size:larger;font-weight:700;margin:0 0 5px}#newsletter-form input{font-family:Roboto,sans-serif}#email{background:transparent;background:#f0f0f0;border:3px solid #000;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;margin-right:-4px;padding:5px;width:200px}#submit-btn{border:none;height:35px;line-height:1.2;vertical-align:top}.btn-dark{background:#000;cursor:pointer}.btn{border-radius:0;color:#fff;font-size:16px;font-weight:900;padding:.375rem .75rem}.tv-newsletter{padding-top:30px;text-align:center}.tv-newsletter .d-flex{display:flex}.tv-newsletter .d-flex h2{font-size:18px;margin-top:0}.tv-newsletter input.btn{border:none;line-height:1.5}.page-tv-channel .tv-newsletter{padding:0}#newsletter-social{align-items:center;display:flex;justify-content:center;margin:1em 0}#newsletter-social a{color:#fff}#newsletter-social a:hover{color:#000!important}@media(max-width:500px){#newsletter-form{background-position:113% 129%;overflow:visible;padding:0}#newsletter-form>div{border:none;padding:10px 5px}#newsletter-form form h2{font-size:22px}#newsletter-form form h3{font-size:18px}#newsletter-form p{margin:1em 0}}@media(max-width:900px){#newsletter-form{width:100%}}@media(max-width:320px){#submit-btn{margin-top:.5em}#newsletter-form h3{font-size:15px}}.home-newsletter{background:#ee2c1d;margin-bottom:2em;width:300px}.home-newsletter form{padding:10px}.home-newsletter img{vertical-align:top;width:42px}.home-newsletter h4{color:#000;font-family:Poppins,sans-serif;font-size:18px;font-weight:700;line-height:1;margin-bottom:2px;text-align:right}.home-newsletter input{display:block;margin-top:5px;width:100%}.home-newsletter small{color:#000;display:block;font-size:10px;margin-top:2px;text-align:center}.home-newsletter .e-mail{background:#f0f0f0;border:none;font-family:Roboto,sans-serif;font-size:14px;padding:5px;text-align:center} .container{margin:auto;max-width:830px;padding:0 25px}.container .laterpay_button{margin-bottom:30px;text-align:center}.container .disclaimer{color:#6b6b6b;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:12px;margin:0 0 50px;padding:0 16px;text-align:left}.container .quotes_wrap{align-items:center;display:flex;height:36px;justify-content:center;line-height:.2;margin:2em auto;overflow:hidden;padding:0 0 18px;text-align:center;width:100%}.container .quotes_wrap .quotes_box{border:2px solid;border-image:linear-gradient(90deg,transparent,#000,transparent) 100% 1;height:14px;margin:0;width:90%}.container .quote_headers{background:#fff;color:#383838;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:32px;font-weight:700;line-height:.5;margin:auto;padding:0 11px;position:relative;text-align:center}.container .quote_headers:after,.container .quote_headers:before{border-top:2px solid #777;bottom:4px;content:"";height:1px;margin:auto;position:absolute;top:0;width:600px}.container .quote_headers:before{right:100%}.container .quote_headers:after{left:100%}.container #salon-premium{border:6px solid #f3f3f3;border-radius:10px;margin:2em auto 15px;text-align:center}.container #salon-premium .wrapper_page_title{padding:1em}.container #salon-premium .wrapper_page_title img{width:170px}.container #salon-premium .wrapper_page_title h1.page_title{color:#383838;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:33px;margin:0;padding-top:15px}.container #salon-premium p.px-3{color:#383838;font-family:sans-serif;font-size:18px;margin-bottom:2em;padding:0 12px}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box{padding:6px 0}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box p{color:#464646;font-family:sans-serif;line-height:1.2;padding-left:20px;text-align:left;width:100%}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box p span.partner_links{font-size:14px;padding-left:20px}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box p span.partner_links a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box .popup{cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;height:1em;position:relative}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box .popup svg{opacity:.8;width:14px}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box .popup svg:hover{opacity:1}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box .popup .popuptext{background-color:#d8d8d8;border-radius:6px;bottom:130%;color:#484848;display:none;font-size:14px;left:50%;margin-left:-80px;padding:10px;position:absolute;text-align:center;width:160px;z-index:1}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box .popup .popuptext:after{border:5px solid transparent;border-top-color:#d8d8d8;content:"";left:50%;margin-left:-5px;position:absolute;top:100%}.container #salon-premium .user_ability_box .popup .show{display:block}.container #salon-premium .container{background:#fafafa;border:1px solid #ddd;border-radius:4px;margin:1em;padding:16px 7px}.container #subscription-box{margin:auto;text-align:center}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck{display:flex;width:100%}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2{background:#f8f8f8;border:1px solid #e1e1e1;border-radius:10px;box-shadow:0 2px 4px #d8d8d8;display:flex;height:200px;margin:20px;overflow:hidden;position:relative;text-transform:uppercase;width:100%;z-index:2}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-family:sans-serif;height:auto;margin:28px auto auto;width:100%}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body .price_wrap,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body .price_wrap{position:relative}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body .price_number,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body .price_number{display:flex;flex-direction:column;font-size:55px;font-weight:700;justify-content:center}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body .price_number .dollar_sign,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body .price_number .dollar_sign{font-size:27px;vertical-align:super}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body .price_number p,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body .price_number p{font-size:18px;justify-content:center;margin-bottom:7px;margin-top:0}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body h3,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body h3{font-size:11px;font-weight:400;padding:0 10px}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body h3 span,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body h3 span{color:#da3826}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body h3,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body h3{bottom:2px;color:#383838;left:0;position:absolute;right:0}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body button.btn,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body button.btn{-webkit-appearance:none;background:#3977ea;border:1px solid transparent;border-radius:24px;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;font-size:17px;font-weight:500;line-height:1.5;margin:auto;opacity:1;outline:0;padding:.375rem .75rem;width:60%}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body button.btn:hover,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body button.btn:hover{opacity:.8}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card .card-body button.btn:focus,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2 .card-body button.btn:focus{outline:3px solid #000}.container #subscription-box p:not(.disclaimer){align-items:center;color:#464646;display:flex;flex-direction:row;font-family:sans-serif;font-weight:700;line-height:1.2;text-align:left;width:100%}.container #subscription-box p:not(.disclaimer) span.partner_links{font-size:14px;padding-left:20px}.container #subscription-box p:not(.disclaimer) span.partner_links a:hover{text-decoration:underline}.container #subscription-box p:not(.disclaimer) .bullet_container{background:#e6e7ea;border:1px solid #e6e7ea;border-radius:6px;margin-right:10px;padding:7px}.container #subscription-box p:not(.disclaimer) svg{color:#3977ea;display:block;height:22px;margin:0;width:22px}.container #subscription-box p:not(.disclaimer) a{font-weight:600}.container .mission_wrap{font-family:sans-serif;position:relative}.container .mission_wrap h3.mission_statement_header{font-size:28px;margin:45px 0 30px;position:relative;text-align:center;top:0}.container .mission_wrap .mission_statement_wrap{color:#5c5858;font-size:16px;line-height:1.5;margin-bottom:60px}.container .mission_wrap:after{border-color:#ed2c1d;border-style:solid solid none none;border-width:6.09px;right:-14px}.container .mission_wrap:after,.container .mission_wrap:before{content:"";display:inline-block;height:17px;position:absolute;top:-6px;width:14px}.container .mission_wrap:before{border-color:#ed2c1d;border-style:solid none none solid;border-width:6.09px;left:-14px}.container .subscription_artwork_wrap{display:block;height:0;overflow:hidden;padding-top:40.6%;position:relative;top:0;width:100%}.container .subscription_artwork_wrap img{left:0;position:absolute;top:0;width:100%}.container .perks_art_wrap{align-items:center;display:flex;width:100%}.container .perks_art_wrap .user_ability_box{width:100%}@media(max-width:700px){.container .quote_headers{font-size:25px}.container .quote_headers:after,.container .quote_headers:before{bottom:-1px}.container .perks_art_wrap{flex-direction:column-reverse}.container .perks_art_wrap .user_ability_box{padding:0 20px}.container .perks_art_wrap .subscription_artwork_wrap{padding-top:56%}.container .perks_art_wrap .subscription_artwork_wrap img{height:100%;margin:auto;right:0;width:auto}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck{flex-direction:column}.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card,.container #subscription-box .subscribe-container .card-deck .card2{margin:20px auto;max-width:300px}}@media(max-width:500px){.container .quotes_wrap{margin:2em auto 0;padding:0 0 10px}.container .quote_headers{font-size:20px}.container .perks_art_wrap .subscription_artwork_wrap{padding-top:72%}}@media(max-width:400px){.container .quote_headers{font-size:18px}}@media(max-width:350px){.container .quote_headers{font-size:16px}}footer{border-top:1px solid #939597;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;margin-top:1.5em;padding:15px 4.5vw 120px;width:100%}@media(min-width:576px){footer.container{max-width:540px}}@media(min-width:992px){footer.container{max-width:960px}}@media(min-width:1200px){footer.container{max-width:1186px}}footer ul{line-height:1.9;list-style:none;margin:1em 0;padding:0}footer a{color:#58585b;font-size:.875rem;margin-right:35px}footer a:hover{color:#0046a8}@media(max-width:900px){footer a{margin-right:auto}}footer ul li{cursor:pointer;display:inline-block;font-size:13px;margin-right:10px}footer p{color:#a7a9ab;font-size:.75em;line-height:1.5} </style>  <script async src="https://edge-auth.microsoft.com/js/ms_auth_client.min.js"></script> <script> window.video_enabled = 1; var testDropRevContent, testDropQuantCast, testDropLaterpay = null; </script>  <script> (()=>{var e={8354:e=>{e.exports="// Filter trending tabs\nfunction visual_change(sort, type, button, sub_button){\n var sorty = document.getElementById(\"sort\");\n var typey = document.getElementById(\"type\");\n sorty.value = sort;\n typey.value = type;\n\n var old_button = document.getElementsByClassName(\"filter-tabs\")[0].querySelector(\".selected\");\n old_button.classList.remove(\"selected\");\n var new_button = document.getElementById(button);\n new_button.classList.add(\"selected\");\n\n var sub_sub = document.getElementsByClassName(\"trending-sub\")[0];\n sub_sub.classList.remove(\"display\");\n sub_sub.classList.add(\"hide\");\n\n var old_sub = sub_sub.querySelector(\".selected\");\n if(old_sub) old_sub.classList.remove(\"selected\");\n\n if(button == \"trending_now_button\"){\n sub_sub.classList.remove(\"hide\");\n sub_sub.classList.add(\"display\");\n var new_sub = document.getElementById(sub_button);\n new_sub.classList.add(\"selected\");\n }\n}\n// Disable send email button\nfunction disable_btn(){\n document.getElementById(\"sending_email\").disabled = true;\n document.getElementById(\"sending_email\").className = \"\";\n}\n// Open up a modal\nfunction show_modal(type, message = \"\", token, token_type, user_email, user_name, user_id){\n kill_modal();\n //add loading graphic\n $('#modal-box').append(\"<div class='modal-loading-graphic'></div>\");\n var url = \"/design/parts/modal_boxes.php?window=\"+type;\n\n if(type == 'invoice') document.body.style.cursor = 'wait';\n if(type == \"email_share_article\"){\n $(\"#modal-box\").addClass('active').load(url, function(){\n disable_btn();\n });\n }\n // Login modal\n else{\n if(token_type == 'google' || token_type == 'msn'){\n url += \"&message=\" + encodeURIComponent(message)\n + '&email=' + encodeURIComponent(user_email)\n + '&name=' + encodeURIComponent(user_name)\n + '&user_id=' + encodeURIComponent(user_id)\n + \"&token_type=\" + token_type;\n }else{\n // fetch and load #modal-box (found in header.php)\n url += \"&message=\" + encodeURIComponent(message)\n + (token ? ('&token=' + encodeURIComponent(token) + \"&token_type=\" + token_type) : \"\");\n }\n\n if(type == \"login\"){\n if(!message) message = \"free\";\n cookies.create('login_type', message, .1, '/');\n }\n\n $(\"#modal-box\").addClass('active').load(url, function(){\n if(type == \"signup\" && (message == \"yearly\" || message == \"monthly\")) show_signup(message)\n });\n }\n\n //kill modal if blackout is clicked\n $(\"#modal-box\").click(function(e){ if(e.target == e.currentTarget){ kill_modal(); }});\n}\n\n//toggle open/close mobile navbar\nfunction toggle_mobile_nav(event) {\n if(event && event.keyCode != 13) return;\n\n var burger = document.getElementsByClassName('mobile_burger')[0];\n var nav = document.getElementsByClassName('nav_wrap')[0];\n nav.classList.toggle('nav_wrap_active');\n\n burger.classList.toggle('burger_x_button');\n //adjust focus element for easier control\n if(event && event.keyCode == 13){\n if(burger.classList.contains('burger_x_button')) document.getElementById('news_link').focus();\n else document.getElementById('mobile_nav_menu').focus();\n }\n\n document.getElementById('nav_user_menu').classList.remove('active'); return false;\n}\n// Disclaimer button\nfunction disclaimerButton(){\n var popup = document.getElementById(\"myPopup\");\n popup.classList.toggle(\"show\");\n}\n// Modal kill function\nfunction kill_modal(redirect = ''){\n $(\"#modal-box\").removeClass('active').html('');\n\n if (redirect.length > 0) {\n // Perform the action here\n window.location.href = redirect; // Example action: redirecting the page\n }\n}\n\n// Get a cookie\nfunction getCookie(cname){\n var name = cname + \"=\";\n var decodedCookie = decodeURIComponent(document.cookie);\n var ca = decodedCookie.split(';');\n\n for(var i = 0; i <ca.length; i++){\n var c = ca[i];\n\n while(c.charAt(0) == ' ') c = c.substring(1);\n\n if(c.indexOf(name) == 0) return c.substring(name.length, c.length);\n }\n\n return \"\";\n}\n// Parse json cookie\nfunction parseCookie(cvalue) {\n try { return JSON.parse(cvalue); }\n catch(err) { return []; }\n}\n// Set a cookie\nfunction setCookie(cname, cvalue, minutes){\n\n var d = new Date();\n d.setTime(d.getTime() + (minutes*60*1000));\n\n var expires = \"expires=\"+ d.toUTCString();\n document.cookie = cname + \"=\" + cvalue + \";\" + expires + \";domain=.salon.com;path=/\";\n}\n// Search Function\nfunction focustime(){\n var input = document.getElementById (\"search_input\");\n input.focus();\n}\n\n\n//Ad-free check (LaterPay / Stripe / Shared Premium)\nvar adsRemovedWith = false;\n// LaterPay check\nif(getCookie('access') != \"\"){\n console.log('ads removed by Laterpay');\n adsRemovedWith = 'laterpay';\n salon_config.live_ads = 0;\n}\n// Salon (stripe) check\nelse if(getCookie('salon_ad_free_user') != \"\"){\n console.log('ads removed by Salon.com');\n adsRemovedWith = 'salon';\n salon_config.live_ads = 0;\n}\n// Shared Premium check\nelse if(getCookie('shared_premium') != \"\"){\n //parse cookie\n window.sharedPremium = parseCookie(getCookie('shared_premium'));\n\n //test if active shared subscription (exclude salon users who save $guid's for visitng partner sites)\n if (window.sharedPremium.active && window.sharedPremium.active==\"yes\" && window.sharedPremium.site && window.sharedPremium.site!=\"salon\") {\n console.log('ads removed by shared premium - '+window.sharedPremium.site);\n adsRemovedWith = 'shared_premium_'+window.sharedPremium.site;\n salon_config.live_ads = 0;\n }\n}\n\n\n// Hide ad containers for ad-free users\nif(salon_config.live_ads == 0){\n // Fix css\n var style = document.createElement('style');\n style.innerHTML = '#subscription-mobile, #inline-subscription, #rc-widget-58399f, .outer-ad-unit-wrapper, .proper-ad-unit, #salon_auto_video { display: none !important; } .ad-topper { min-height:1em !important; height:1em !important; } .page-category .black-container { min-height:60px !important; height:60px !important;}.sidebar_ad { display: none !important; } ';\n document.head.appendChild(style);\n}\n\n// Counter for load-more button\nif(!window.counter) window.counter = 2;\n\nfunction handle_toggle(toggleId, relatedToggleId, cookie){\n let toggleElement = document.getElementById(toggleId);\n let relatedToggleElement = document.getElementById(relatedToggleId);\n\n if(!getCookie('salon_logged_in')){\n toggleElement.checked = false;\n relatedToggleElement.checked = false;\n show_modal('login','display_options');\n return;\n }\n\n let navbar = document.getElementById('new_navbar_wrapper');\n let navFiller = document.getElementById('nav_filler');\n let night_body = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0];\n //occurs when the display setting is currently on\n if(toggleElement.checked == true){\n //handles elements accordingly\n toggleElement.checked = false;\n relatedToggleElement.checked = false;\n //sets cookie to proper setting and changes nav bar css\n setCookie(cookie, 'off', (60 * 24 * 30));\n //adds needed changes for sticky header\n if(cookie == 'sticky_header'){\n navbar.classList.remove('sticky_nav');\n navbar.style.position = \"relative\"\n navFiller.classList.remove('nav_filler');\n let adminBar = document.getElementById('admin-toolbar');\n if(!!adminBar){\n adminBar.classList.remove('sticky_admin');\n let adminFiller = document.getElementById('admin_filler');\n adminFiller.classList.remove('admin_filler')\n }\n }\n //removes nightvision class\n if(cookie == 'night_mode'){\n night_body.classList.remove(\"night_vision_mode\");\n }\n }else{\n toggleElement.checked = true;\n relatedToggleElement.checked = true;\n setCookie(cookie, 'on', (60 * 24 * 30));\n\n if(cookie == 'sticky_header'){\n navbar.classList.add('sticky_nav');\n navbar.style.position = \"fixed\"\n navFiller.classList.add('nav_filler');\n let adminBar = document.getElementById('admin-toolbar');\n if(!!adminBar){\n adminBar.classList.add('sticky_admin');\n let adminFiller = document.getElementById('admin_filler');\n adminFiller.classList.add('admin_filler')\n }\n }\n //adds nightvision class\n if(cookie == 'night_mode'){\n night_body.classList.add('night_vision_mode');\n }\n }\n}\n//removes change password form from dom\nfunction remove(id){\n document.getElementById(id).remove();\n}\n\n//toggles submit button accessibility\nfunction updateInput(input_id, submit_id){\n let email = document.getElementById(input_id).value;\n let regex = /^(([^<>()[\\]\\.,;:\\s@\\\"]+(\\.[^<>()[\\]\\.,;:\\s@\\\"]+)*)|(\\\".+\\\"))@(([^<>()[\\]\\.,;:\\s@\\\"]+\\.)+[^<>()[\\]\\.,;:\\s@\\\"]{2,})$/i;\n if(regex.test(email)){\n document.getElementById(submit_id).classList.remove('no_click');\n document.getElementById(submit_id).disabled = false;\n }else{\n document.getElementById(submit_id).classList.add('no_click');\n document.getElementById(submit_id).disabled = true;\n }\n}\n\n//subscribes user to newsletter\nfunction handle_newsletter(action, email, checkbox, name = ''){\n if(name) name = $(`#${name}`).val();\n email = $(`#${email}`).val();\n let newsletters = Array.from(document.querySelectorAll(`.${checkbox}:checked`)).map(node => node.value);\n if(newsletters.length < 1){\n let verb = (action == 'subscribe') ? 'subscribe to' : 'unsubscribe from';\n show_modal('alert', `Please select at least one newsletter to ${verb}.`)\n return;\n }\n add_loader(\"page_loader\");\n $.ajax({\n url: \"/ajax/subscribe_newsletter.php\",\n type: 'POST',\n data: {action: action, name:name, email:email, newsletters:newsletters},\n success: function(data){\n data = JSON.parse(data);\n close_loader();\n let text = (newsletters.length > 1) ? 'newsletters' : 'newsletter';\n //shows alert and clears out newsletter form\n if(data.success && action == 'subscribe'){\n show_modal('alert', `Thank you for subscribing to our ${text}! A confirmation letter has been sent to the email you provided.`);\n $(\".checkbox\").prop(\"checked\", false);\n $('#newsletter_name').val('');\n $('#newsletter_email').val('');\n $('#newsletter_submit').addClass('no_click');\n }else if(data.success && action == 'unsubscribe'){\n show_modal('alert', `You have successfully unsubscribed from the chosen ${text}.`);\n $(\".unsub_checkbox\").prop(\"checked\", false);\n $(\"#unsub_email\").val('');\n $('#unsub_submit').addClass('no_click');\n }\n },\n error: function(result){\n close_loader();\n console.log(\"server error occurred\", result);\n }\n });\n}\n\nfunction insert_propervideo_script(){\n // Check data attributes to see if we load our video, or a youtube video\n if($(\"#salon_featured_video\").data(\"video-youtube\") == \"yes\"){\n var featured_id = $(\"#salon_featured_video\").data(\"featured-id\");\n console.log($(\"#salon_featured_video\").data(\"featured-id\"));\n var html = `<iframe src=\"https://www.youtube.com/embed/${featured_id}?feature=oembed\" style=\"width: 100%; height: 100%;\" frameborder='0' allow='accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture' allowfullscreen></iframe>`;\n }\n else{\n var html = `<script>salon_videos_commands.push(function(){ new_video_project.start_video_player_creation(\"salon_featured_video\"); });<\/script>`;\n }\n\n $(\"#salon_featured_video\").html(html);\n}\n\n// hardcoded variables so they can be over-written with in_brief scrolling\nvar adCount = 0, name, ad_ending_name, article, article_url, pHeight, pCount, embedExists, abTest, videoType, paragraph, page_id, totalAdCount, ad_display_count, siderailAdCount = 0;\n"},4642:e=>{e.exports=function(e){function n(e){"undefined"!=typeof console&&(console.error||console.log)("[Script Loader]",e)}try{"undefined"!=typeof execScript&&"undefined"!=typeof attachEvent&&"undefined"==typeof addEventListener?execScript(e):"undefined"!=typeof eval?eval.call(null,e):n("EvalError: No eval function available")}catch(e){n(e)}}}},n={};function t(o){var a=n[o];if(void 0!==a)return a.exports;var s=n[o]={exports:{}};return e[o](s,s.exports,t),s.exports}t(4642)(t(8354))})(); </script> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js"></script> <script> if(window.salon_config.live_ads == 0) { console.log('ad-free user'); } else{ // Create the ad project var ads_project = (function(sent_in_settings){ var is_mobile = (document.innerWidth <= 768) ? true : false; //default settings var setting_defaults = { "adx" : "yes", "groupname" : "", "is_testing" : "no", "split_testing" : "0", "send_reports" : "0", "logging_turned_on": "false", "site_name" : "site_name", "report_url" : "", "page_template" : "", "sticky_slot_names": [] } // Combine defaults with sent in parameters var project_settings = {...setting_defaults, ...sent_in_settings}; /*************************************** --------------- AD CODE --------------- ***************************************/ // Variables for refresh logic (sticky) var refresh = true; var sticky_refresh_counter = 1; var refresh_timer; var global_ad_slot_name = ""; var global_bidder_name = ""; var last_refresh_time = ""; var unfilled_count = 0; window.htlbid = window.htlbid || {}; htlbid.cmd = htlbid.cmd || []; htlbid.cmd.push(function() { htlbid.layout('universal'); if(project_settings.groupname != "") htlbid.setTargeting("groupname", project_settings.groupname); if(project_settings.page_template != "") htlbid.setTargeting("page_template", project_settings.page_template); htlbid.setTargeting("adx", project_settings.adx); htlbid.setTargeting('is_testing', project_settings.is_testing); htlbid.setTargeting('split_testing', project_settings.split_testing); htlbid.setTargeting('website', project_settings.site_name); // On slot rendering (or unfilled) googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded', function(event){ var slot_targeting = event.slot.getTargetingMap(); var bidder_name, size = 0; // If it's empty, no bids? var cpm = (slot_targeting["hb_pb"]) ? slot_targeting["hb_pb"][0] : 0; // In case there is no size from anywhere if(event.size && event.size.length > 0) size = event.size[0]+"x"+event.size[1]; // Either Amazon/ADX or Unfilled if(event.advertiserId != 5280547887){ if(event.advertiserId == 4467125037){ bidder_name = "adx"; if(cpm == 0) cpm = 0.11; } else if(event.advertiserId == 5279698200){ bidder_name = "amazon"; if(cpm == 0) cpm = 0.11; } else if(event.advertiserId == 5291323376) bidder_name = "house"; else if(!event.advertiserId || event.isEmpty) bidder_name = "unfilled"; else bidder_name = "unknown"; if(bidder_name != "unknown" && bidder_name != "unfilled") output_logging("ADX/Amazon bid report"); else output_logging("unknown/unfilled bid report"); } // Bidder won the auction else{ output_logging("Bidders bid report"); bidder_name = (slot_targeting["hb_bidder"]) ? slot_targeting["hb_bidder"][0] : "unknown"; } var slot = { "slotName" : validate_value(event.slot.getAdUnitPath().replace("/1026302/", ""), "string", 50), "cpm" : validate_value(parseFloat(cpm), "number"), "bidder" : validate_value(bidder_name, "string", 50), "size" : validate_value(size, "string", 50), "adUnitCode": validate_value(event.slot.getSlotId().getDomId(), "string", 50), "empty" : validate_value(event.isEmpty, "boolean") }; var slot_tracking = Object.assign({}, page_tracking_data); // Override ad-unit with this ad unit to send reporting data slot_tracking.ad_unit = slot; // Loggin out bid report output_logging(slot_tracking); output_logging(slot_tracking.ad_unit.slotName + " "+ slot_tracking.ad_unit.bidder + ", "+ slot_tracking.ad_unit.cpm); if(project_settings.send_reports == "1"){ try{ // Send actual bid report send_bid_report(slot_tracking); } catch(e){ output_logging("Bid report error"); } } // Sticky changes if(project_settings.sticky_slot_names.includes(slot_tracking.ad_unit.slotName)){ // Check if the bidder is one of these bidders, if so, hide the sticky container if(["gumgum", "kargo", "unknown", "unfilled"].includes(bidder_name)){ document.getElementById("outer_sticky").style.display = "none"; } // All other bidders use our sticky container, show it else{ document.getElementById("outer_sticky").style.display = ""; } // Unfilled slot if(bidder_name == "unfilled"){ unfilled_count++; // Stop refreshing after 3 unfilled impressions if(unfilled_count >= 3){ refresh = false; console.log("Refreshed turned off after 3 unfilled impressions"); } } // Reset unfilled count if it's not in a row else if(bidder_name != "house") unfilled_count = 0; // Start refresh check after every sticky ad has been filled (refreshed) start_refresh(slot_tracking.ad_unit.adUnitCode, bidder_name); } }); }); // Functions for Refresh function start_refresh(ad_slot_name, bidder_name){ // Remove old listener before adding a new one document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", visibility_change_logic); // Stop here if we don't need to refresh the sticky (or max number of refreshes has been reached) if(!refresh || sticky_refresh_counter > 10){ output_logging("no timer needed"); refresh = false; return; } global_ad_slot_name = ad_slot_name; global_bidder_name = bidder_name; document.addEventListener("visibilitychange", visibility_change_logic); output_logging('refresh timer started'); // Use 35 second tracker on mobile, 40 on desktop if(is_mobile) refresh_timer = refresh_timer_tracker(35, refresh_sticky); else refresh_timer = refresh_timer_tracker(40, refresh_sticky); } // Logic for visibility change function visibility_change_logic(){ // Pause refresh timer if(document.hidden){ refresh_timer.pause() } // Start refresh timer else if(refresh){ refresh_timer.resume(); } } // Timer ended, do refresh function refresh_sticky(){ // If you aren't supposed to refresh output_logging('refresh timer ended'); refresh_timer.delete(); // Kargo if(global_bidder_name == "kargo"){ //close if Kargo container exists, otherwise don't refresh (must have been manually closed) if(window.Kargo) Kargo.CreativeRegister.getCreativesOfType('Hover')[0].destroy(); else refresh = false; } // Gumgum else if(global_bidder_name == "gumgum") { //close if GumGum container exists, otherwise don't refresh (must have been manually closed) if(document.getElementById("GG_PXS") && document.getElementById("GG_PXS").parentNode){ document.getElementById("GG_PXS").parentNode.remove(); } else refresh = false; } // Ogury else if(global_bidder_name == "ogury"){ if(document.getElementById("ogy-ad-slot")){ window.top.dispatchEvent(new Event('ogy_hide')); if(document.getElementById("ogy-ad-slot")) document.getElementById("ogy-ad-slot").remove(); } else refresh=false; } // Refresh slot (if container wasn't manually closed) if(refresh){ sticky_refresh_counter++; //safeguards (max refresh check, minimum time between refreshes) if(sticky_refresh_counter > 12){ refresh = false; refresh_timer.delete(); document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", visibility_change_logic); return; } if(last_refresh_time != ""){ var current_time = new Date().getTime(); var diff_time = current_time - last_refresh_time; if(diff_time<(30*1000)){ output_logging(diff_time + " less than 30 seconds since last refresh, something wrong with timer"); refresh = false; refresh_timer.delete(); document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange", visibility_change_logic); return; } } last_refresh_time = new Date().getTime(); output_logging("slot "+global_ad_slot_name+" refreshed"); var sticky_refresh_counter_display = (sticky_refresh_counter < 10) ? "0"+sticky_refresh_counter : sticky_refresh_counter; if(document.getElementById('sticky_ad_container')) document.getElementById('sticky_ad_container').dataset.targeting="{\"sticky_refresh\":\""+sticky_refresh_counter_display+"\"}"; htlbid.forceRefresh([global_ad_slot_name]); } else{ output_logging('no refresh - container must have been closed') } } // Force close sticky area function close_sticky(){ document.getElementById('outer_sticky').remove(); refresh = false; output_logging('refresh timer ended'); refresh_timer.delete(); } /*************************************** ------------ REPORTING CODE ------------ ***************************************/ // Get $_GET variables var uri = decodeURIComponent(window.location.search.substring(1)).split('&'); var get_vars = {}; for(var x = 0; x < uri.length; x++){ var parts = uri[x].split('='); get_vars[parts[0]] = parts[1]; } // UTM options we track var utm_vars = [ 'utm_medium', 'utm_source', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_term', 'utm_content', 'utm_template', 'utm_referrer', 'utm_adset', 'utm_subid', 'gclid', 'fbclid' ]; var utm_confirmed = {}, this_utm_var; // See if any UTM variables are defined in the query parameters or session storage utm_vars.forEach(function(utm_var){ // (can be blank, so check for null (not set)) if(sessionStorage.getItem(utm_var) !== null) this_utm_var = sessionStorage.getItem(utm_var); else{ this_utm_var = (typeof get_vars[utm_var] == 'undefined') ? "" : get_vars[utm_var]; sessionStorage.setItem(utm_var, this_utm_var); } utm_confirmed[utm_var] = this_utm_var; }); // Determine browser var browser = ''; if(navigator.userAgent.match(/iPhone/i) || navigator.userAgent.match(/iPod/i)) browser = 'iOS'; else if(/Opera[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'opera'; else if(/MSIE (\d+\.\d+);/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'MSIE'; else if(/Navigator[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'netscape'; else if(/Chrome[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'chrome'; else if(/Safari[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'safari'; else if(/Firefox[\/\s](\d+\.\d+)/.test(navigator.userAgent)) browser = 'firefox'; else browser = 'internet_explorer'; var session_guid, session_referrer; // Check for session guid in session storage if(sessionStorage.getItem("session_guid")) session_guid = sessionStorage.getItem("session_guid"); else{ session_guid = generate_uuid(); sessionStorage.setItem("session_guid", session_guid); } // Check for referrer in session storage (can be blank, so check for null (not set)) if(sessionStorage.getItem("session_referrer") !== null) session_referrer = sessionStorage.getItem("session_referrer"); else{ session_referrer = document.referrer || ""; sessionStorage.setItem("session_referrer", session_referrer); } var page_tracking_data = { "referrer" : validate_value(session_referrer, "string"), // UTM variables "utm_variables" : { "utm_source" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_source, "string", 100), "utm_campaign" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_campaign, "string"), "utm_medium" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_medium, "string", 100), "utm_term" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_term, "string", 100), "utm_content" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_content, "string", 100), "utm_template" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_template, "string", 100), "utm_referrer" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_referrer, "string", 100), "utm_adset" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_adset, "string", 100), "utm_subid" : validate_value(utm_confirmed.utm_subid, "string", 100) }, // User information "user" : { "session_guid" : validate_value(session_guid, "string"), "os" : validate_value(get_os(), "string", 50), "browser" : validate_value(browser, "string", 50), "device" : validate_value((is_mobile ? "mobile" : "desktop"), "string", 15), "country" : "" }, // Page information "page" : { "page_guid" : validate_value(generate_uuid(), "string"), "url" : validate_value(window.location.href, "string"), "url_path" : validate_value(window.location.pathname, "string", 200) // "editor" : validate_value(properPage.page_meta.editor, "string", 150), // "writer" : validate_value(properPage.page_meta.writer, "string", 150) }, // Ad unit information "ad_unit" : {} // Not sure if we are going to use these, comment out for now // "category" : validate_value(page_meta.category), // "tags" : validate_value(page_meta.tags.join(",")), // "website" : validate_value(site_name), // "is_mobile" : validate_value(device_type), // "is_isolated" : validate_value(isolated), // "session_depth" : validate_value(sessionData.depth), // "page_type" : validate_value(page_meta.page_type), // "custom" : validateCustom(page_meta.custom), // // "use_ssl" : validate_value(use_ssl), // "resolution_width" : validate_value(width), // "resolution_height" : validate_value(height), // "gclid" : validate_value(sessionData.gclid), // "fbclid" : validate_value(sessionData.fbclid), // "buyer" : validate_value(page_meta.buyer), // "split" : validate_value(page_meta.split), // "adblock" : validate_value(adblock.detected) }; // Logging function output_logging(content){ if(project_settings.logging_turned_on){ if(typeof content == "string") console.log(project_settings.site_name + " Ads: " + content); else console.log(content); } } // Get OS function get_os(){ var os = navigator.userAgent; var return_os = ""; if(os.search('Windows') !== -1) return_os = "Windows"; else if(os.search('Mac') !== -1) return_os = "MacOS"; else if(os.search('X11') !== -1 && !(os.search('Linux') !== -1)) return_os = "UNIX"; else if(os.search('Linux') !== -1 && os.search('X11') !== -1) return_os = "Linux" return return_os; } // Validate any value benig sent in reporting function validate_value(value, type, max_length = 255){ // Validate string logic if(type == "string"){ // Convert number to string if(typeof value === 'number') value = value.toString(); // If it's not a string, make it empty by default if(typeof value !== 'string') value = ""; // Trim max length if(value.length > max_length) value = value.substring(0, max_length); } // Validate number logic else if(type == "number"){ // Convert string to number if(typeof value === 'string') value = value.toString(); // If it's not a number, make it 0 by default if(typeof value !== 'number') value = 0; } // Validate boolean logic else if(type == "boolean"){ // Convert string to boolean if(typeof value === 'string'){ if(['false', '0'].includes(value)) value = false; else if(['true', '1'].includes(value)) value = true; } // Convert number to boolean else if(typeof value === 'number'){ if(value == 0) value = false; else if(value == 1) value = true; } // If it's not a boolean, make it false by default if(typeof value !== 'boolean') value = false; } return value; } // Generate UUID (unique ID) function generate_uuid(){ var d = new Date().getTime(); // Use high-precision timer if available (time on page) if(window.performance && typeof window.performance.now === "function"){ d += performance.now(); } var uuid = 'xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx'.replace(/[xy]/g, function(c) { var r = (d + Math.random()*16)%16 | 0; d = Math.floor(d/16); return (c == 'x' ? r : (r&0x3|0x8)).toString(16); }); return uuid; } // Function to send Requests for data logging function send_bid_report(data){ return; // Turn off analytics for now, it's not used anymore // // If there is no report endpoint // if(project_settings.report_url == "") return; // var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); // request.open("post", project_settings.report_url, 1); // request.setRequestHeader("Content-Type", "application/json; charset=UTF-8") // request.onload = function(){ // if(request.status == 200) output_logging("Bid Report sent"); // else output_logging("Failed to send bid report"); // } // request.send(JSON.stringify(data)); } // Timer for leaving the page and pausing refresh function refresh_timer_tracker(seconds, oncomplete){ console.log('refresh_timer_tracker: called'); var timerId, start, remaining = parseInt(seconds)*1000; this.pause = function() { window.clearTimeout(timerId); timerId = null; remaining -= Date.now() - start; output_logging('refresh_timer_tracker: pause = '+remaining); }; this.resume = function() { if (timerId) return; start = Date.now(); timerId = window.setTimeout(oncomplete, remaining); output_logging('refresh_timer_tracker: resume = '+remaining); }; this.delete = function(){ if (!timerId) return; clearInterval(timerId); output_logging('refresh_timer_tracker: delete'); } this.resume(); return this; } return { data: page_tracking_data, validate_value: validate_value, close_sticky: close_sticky }; })(site_htl_settings); } </script> <script async src="https://htlbid.com/v3/salon.com/htlbid.js"></script>  <script> !function(e,t,c,n,o,a,m){e._bmb||(o=e._bmb=function(){o.x?o.x.apply(o,arguments):o.q.push(arguments)},o.q=[],a=t.createElement(c),a.async=true,a.src="https://vi.ml314.com/get?eid=90820&tk=wh2f3nQiCsEF22bcOc3am6J9QS7SqBu7WCIKhTJmEBRc03d&fp="+(e.localStorage&&e.localStorage.getItem(n)||""),m=t.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m))}(window,document,"script","_ccmaid"); window.googletag = window.googletag || {cmd: []}; googletag.cmd.push(function() { _bmb('vi', function(data){ if (data != null) { var tmpSegment = [ data.industry_id, data.revenue_id, data.size_id, data.functional_area_id, data.professional_group_id, data.seniority_id, data.decision_maker_id, data.install_data_id, data.topic_id, data.interest_group_id, data.segment, data.b2b_interest_cluster_id ].filter(Boolean).join(','); tmpSegment != '' && googletag.pubads().setTargeting("bmb",tmpSegment.split(',')); } }); }); </script> <script> (function (w,d,t) { _ml = w._ml || {}; _ml.eid = '90820'; var s, cd, tag; s = d.getElementsByTagName(t)[0]; cd = new Date(); tag = d.createElement(t); tag.async = 1; tag.src = 'https://ml314.com/tag.aspx?' + cd.getDate() + cd.getMonth(); s.parentNode.insertBefore(tag, s); })(window,document,'script'); </script>  <script> // If this is NOT a user, load funding choices if(getCookie("mylogin") == "" && getCookie("salon_logged_in") == ""){ // Add the fundingchoices script to the head var script = document.createElement('script'); script.src = "https://fundingchoicesmessages.google.com/i/pub-2575788690798282?ers=1"; script.async = true; script.nonce = "ZGji1MGG73JgcFq9PNV6dQ"; // Add second script to the head var script2 = document.createElement('script'); script2.nonce = "ZGji1MGG73JgcFq9PNV6dQ"; script2.innerHTML = "(function() {function signalGooglefcPresent() {if (!window.frames['googlefcPresent']) {if (document.body) {const iframe = document.createElement('iframe'); iframe.style = 'width: 0; height: 0; border: none; z-index: -1000; left: -1000px; top: -1000px;'; iframe.style.display = 'none'; iframe.name = 'googlefcPresent'; document.body.appendChild(iframe);} else {setTimeout(signalGooglefcPresent, 0);}}}signalGooglefcPresent();})();"; // Add both scripts to head document.head.appendChild(script); document.head.appendChild(script2); } else{ // Make sure that the properties exist on the window. window.googlefc = window.googlefc || {}; window.googlefc.ccpa = window.googlefc.ccpa || {} window.googlefc.callbackQueue = window.googlefc.callbackQueue || []; // To guarantee functionality, this must go before the FC tag on the page. googlefc.controlledMessagingFunction = (message) => { message.proceed(false); }; } </script>  <title>Ask the pilot | Salon.com</title> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large">  <meta name="description" content=" Should America emulate Israel's crack air security? Only if we want to turn ourselves into a full-blown police state."/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.salon.com/2006/06/09/askthepilot189/">  <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=549374205"/> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0,minimum-scale=1.0, maximum-scale=5.0"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/favicon-32x32.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/favicon-16x16.png"> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="/favicon.ico"> <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#000000"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">  <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/>  <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"/> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black"/> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Salon.com"/>  <link rel="preconnect" href="https://media2.salon.com"/> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://mediaproxy.salon.com"/> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://mediaproxy.salon.com">  <meta property="fb:pages" content="120680396518" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="456294607741273" />  <meta name="p:domain_verify" content="afd252c603232fed8ddf2554b144079b"/>  <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://global.proper.io"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://connector-script.uselaterpay.com">  <script> !function(){if('PerformanceLongTaskTiming' in window){var g=window.__tti={e:[]}; g.o=new PerformanceObserver(function(l){g.e=g.e.concat(l.getEntries())}); g.o.observe({entryTypes:['longtask']})}}(); </script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org/", "@type": "Organization", "url": "https://www.salon.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://www.salon.com/design/images/salon-logo.svg" }, "sameAs": [ "https://www.facebook.com/salon", "https://www.instagram.com/salonofficial", "https://twitter.com/salon", "https://www.instagram.com/salondotcom/" ] } </script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "http://schema.org", "@type": "NewsArticle", "headline": "Ask the pilot", "url": "https://www.salon.com/2006/06/09/askthepilot189/", "thumbnailUrl": "", "alternativeHeadline": " Should America emulate Israel's crack air security? Only if we want to turn ourselves into a full-blown police state.", "dateCreated": "2006-06-09T12:00:00Z", "datePublished": "2006-06-09T12:00:00Z", "dateModified": "2006-06-09T10:08:05Z", "articleSection": "All Salon, Culture, Food, Life, Life Stories", "image": [], "author": [], "publisher": { "@type": "Organization", "name": "Salon.com", "logo": { "@type": "ImageObject", "url": "https://media2.salon.com/2017/09/salon-logo-black.png" } }, "mainEntityOfPage": { "@type": "WebPage", "@id": "https://www.salon.com/2006/06/09/askthepilot189/" }, "keywords": "Air Travel, Ask the Pilot, Business, Transportation Security Administration", "description": "" } </script>  <script type="application/ld+json"> { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "BreadcrumbList", "itemListElement": [ { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 1, "name": "Homepage", "item": "https://www.salon.com" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 2, "name": "Culture Articles", "item": "https://www.salon.com/category/culture" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 3, "name": "Food Articles", "item": "https://www.salon.com/category/food" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 4, "name": "Life Articles", "item": "https://www.salon.com/category/life" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 5, "name": "Life Stories Articles", "item": "https://www.salon.com/category/life-stories" }, { "@type": "ListItem", "position": 6, "name": "Patrick Smith's Articles", "item": "https://www.salon.com/writer/patrick_smith" } ] } </script> <meta property="twitter:title" content="Ask the pilot"/> <meta property="twitter:description" content=" Should America emulate Israel's crack air security? Only if we want to turn ourselves into a full-blown police state."/> <meta property="twitter:image" content="https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/1200/"/> <meta property="twitter:site" content="@Salon"/> <meta property="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/> <meta property="twitter:creator" content="@Salon"/> <meta property="og:title" content="Ask the pilot"/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Salon"/> <meta property="og:description" content=" Should America emulate Israel's crack air security? Only if we want to turn ourselves into a full-blown police state."/> <meta property="og:image" content="https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/1200/"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.salon.com/2006/06/09/askthepilot189/"/> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US"/> <meta property="og:type" content="article"/> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2006-06-09 16:00:00"/> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2011-09-25 14:08:05"/> <meta property="article:author" content="Patrick Smith"/> <meta property="article:publisher" content="120680396518"/> <meta property="article:section" content="Culture"/> <meta property="article:tag" content="Air Travel"/> <meta property="article:tag" content="Ask the Pilot"/> <meta property="article:tag" content="Business"/> <meta property="article:tag" content="Transportation Security Administration"/> <meta property="fb:pages" content="120680396518"/>  <script type="text/javascript"> (function() { let path = window.location.pathname; var _sf_async_config = window._sf_async_config = (window._sf_async_config || {}); _sf_async_config.uid = 1614; _sf_async_config.domain = 'salon.com'; //CHANGE THIS TO THE ROOT DOMAIN _sf_async_config.flickerControl = false; _sf_async_config.path = path; _sf_async_config.sections = "All Salon, Culture, Food, Life, Life Stories"; // CHANGE THIS TO YOUR SECTION NAME(s) _sf_async_config.authors = "Patrick Smith"; // CHANGE THIS TO YOUR AUTHOR NAME(s) var _cbq = window._cbq = (window._cbq || []); _cbq.push(["_acct", "lgdin"]); function loadChartbeat() { var e = document.createElement('script'); var n = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; e.type = 'text/javascript'; e.async = true; e.src = '//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat.js';; n.parentNode.insertBefore(e, n); } loadChartbeat(); })(); </script> <script async src="//static.chartbeat.com/js/chartbeat_mab.js"></script> <script async src="//tru.am/scripts/custom/salon.js"></script>  <script> (function(i,s,o,g,r,a,m){i['GoogleAnalyticsObject']=r;i[r]=i[r]||function(){ (i[r].q=i[r].q||[]).push(arguments)},i[r].l=1*new Date();a=s.createElement(o), m=s.getElementsByTagName(o)[0];a.async=1;a.src=g;m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m) })(window,document,'script','https://www.google-analytics.com/analytics.js','ga'); </script> <script> ga('create', 'UA-1232497-1', 'auto'); </script> <script> var cookies ={ create: function(name, value, days2expire, path){ var date = new Date(); date.setTime(date.getTime() + (days2expire * 24 * 60 * 60 * 1000)); var expires = date.toUTCString(); document.cookie = name + '=' + value + ';' + 'expires=' + expires + ';' + 'path=' + path + ';'; }, read: function(name){ var cookie_value = "", current_cookie = "", name_expr = name + "=", all_cookies = document.cookie.split(';'), n = all_cookies.length; for(var i = 0; i < n; i++){ current_cookie = all_cookies[i].trim(); if(current_cookie.indexOf(name_expr) === 0){ cookie_value = current_cookie.substring(name_expr.length, current_cookie.length); break; } } return cookie_value; }, update: function(name, val){ this.create(name, val, 300, "/"); }, remove: function(name){ document.cookie = name + "=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/"; } }; </script> </head>  <body >  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MGRKVFC2" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <script> const bodyElement = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]; if(getCookie('night_mode') == "on" && getCookie('salon_logged_in') && getCookie('mylogin') != ""){ bodyElement.classList.add('night_vision_mode'); } </script> <div id="page_loader" class="inactive_loader"></div> <header id="new_navbar_wrapper" class="header"> <div class="header__top"> <div class="container"> <div class="header__top-inner"> <div class="header__top-left"> <a aria-label="To Salon Homepage" href="/" class="mobile-logo"> <img src="/design/images/mobile-logo.svg" alt=""> </a> <div class="mobile-menu__wrapper"> <input type="search" class="search-input" placeholder="Search"> <ul><li class="category level-1"><a href="/category/news-and-politics" target="_self">News & Politics</a></li><li class="category level-1"><a href="/category/culture" target="_self">Culture</a></li><li class="category level-1"><a href="/category/food" target="_self">Food</a></li><li class="category level-1"><a href="/category/science-and-health" target="_self">Science & Health</a></li><li class="category level-1"><a href="/category/money" target="_self">Money</a></li><li class="category level-1"><a href="/category/life-stories" target="_self">Life Stories</a></li><li class="link level-1"><a href="/tv/" target="_self">Video</a></li><li class="link has-children level-1"><a href="javascript:void();" target="_self">Reviews</a><ul><li class="link has-children level-2"><a href="javascript:void();" target="_self">Lifestyle</a><ul><li class="post level-3"><a href="/2023/12/16/navigating-the-new-sober-boom-where-a-persons-sobriety-is-as-unique-as-their-fingerprint/" target="_self">The New Sober Boom</a></li><li class="post level-3"><a href="/2023/12/30/secrets-of-a-serial-addict-how-i-got-hooked-on-quitting-over-and-over-again/" target="_self">Getting Hooked on Quitting</a></li></ul></li><li class="link has-children level-2"><a href="javascript:void();" target="_self">Education</a><ul><li class="post level-3"><a href="/2024/03/16/ignorance-and-democracy-capitalisms-long-against-higher-education/" target="_self">Liberal Arts Cuts Are Dangerous</a></li><li class="post level-3"><a href="/2022/09/16/college-was-necessary-for-me-will-my-own-child-need-it-like-i-did/" target="_self">Is College Necessary?</a></li></ul></li><li class="link has-children level-2"><a href="javascript:void();" target="_self">Finance</a><ul><li class="post level-3"><a href="/2023/08/26/my-parents-are-deadcan-i-afford-avocado-toast-now/" target="_self">Dying Parents Costing Millennials Dear</a></li><li class="post level-3"><a href="/2023/09/09/how-did-le-creuset-the-self-described-heirloom-quality-cookware-change-the-cooking-game/" target="_self">Gen Z Investing In Le Creuset</a></li></ul></li><li class="link has-children level-2"><a href="javascript:void();" target="_self">Crypto</a><ul><li class="link has-children level-3"><a href="javascript:void();" target="_self">Gambling</a><ul><li class="page level-4"><a href="/crypto/gambling/best/bitcoin-gambling-sites" target="_self">Bitcoin Gambling</a></li><li class="page level-4"><a href="/crypto/gambling/best/bitcoin-casinos" target="_self">Bitcoin Casinos</a></li><li class="page level-4"><a href="/crypto/gambling/best/crypto-sports-betting" target="_self">Bitcoin Sports Betting</a></li><li class="page level-4"><a href="/crypto/gambling/best/crypto-casinos-in-canada" target="_self">Best Crypto Casinos in Canada</a></li><li class="page level-4"><a href="/crypto/gambling/best/crypto-gambling-sites-in-canada" target="_self">Best Crypto Gambling in Canada</a></li></ul></li><li class="link has-children level-3"><a href="javascript:void();" target="_self">Investing</a><ul><li class="post level-4"><a href="/2023/03/23/on-thursdays-we-wear-orange-sec-sues-lindsay-lohan-and-others-over-crypto-money-laundering-scam/" target="_self">SEC vs Celebrity Crypto Promoters</a></li><li class="post level-4"><a href="/2022/04/16/impulsive-psychopaths-like-crypto-dark-personality-traits-increase-bitcoin-enthusiasm_partner/" target="_self">'Dark' Personalities Drawn to BTC</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mobile-menu__footer"> <a id="nav_profile_m" class="footer-link" href="/profile" tabindex="0">Profile</a> <a id="nav_login_m" href="" onkeydown="if(event.keyCode == 13) show_modal('login')" onclick="event.preventDefault(); show_modal('login')" class="footer-link"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M5 15H7V20H19V4H7V9H5V3C5 2.73478 5.10536 2.48043 5.29289 2.29289C5.48043 2.10536 5.73478 2 6 2H20C20.2652 2 20.5196 2.10536 20.7071 2.29289C20.8946 2.48043 21 2.73478 21 3V21C21 21.2652 20.8946 21.5196 20.7071 21.7071C20.5196 21.8946 20.2652 22 20 22H6C5.73478 22 5.48043 21.8946 5.29289 21.7071C5.10536 21.5196 5 21.2652 5 21V15ZM11 11V8L16 12L11 16V13H3V11H11Z" fill="#111111" /> </svg> Log In/Sign Up </a> <a href="" class="switcher"> <input type="checkbox" id="sticky_mobile" name="sticky_mobile" onclick="handle_toggle('sticky_desktop','sticky_mobile','sticky_header')"> <label for="sticky_mobile">Sticky Header</label> </a> <a href="" class="switcher"> <input type="checkbox" id="night_mobile" name="night_mobile" onclick="handle_toggle('night_desktop','night_mobile','night_mode')"> <label for="night_mobile">Night Mode</label> </a> <a id="nav_saved_articles_m" class="footer-link" href="/profile/saved-articles">Saved Articles</a> <a id="ad_free_dropdown_link_m" href="/premium?source=user-dropdown-link" class="footer-link ad_free_dropdown_link hidden" tabindex="0">Go Ad-Free</a> <a id="nav_logout_m" href="" class="footer-link" onkeydown="if(event.keyCode == 13) logOut();" onclick="logOut();" tabindex="0">Logout</a> <div class="socials"> <a href="https://twitter.com/Salon" target="_blank"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.86694 12.512L2 4H8.23118L13.0874 9.26103L18.2755 4.02369H21.7073L14.7467 11.0587L23 20H16.7874L11.5291 14.3105L5.91541 19.9842H2.46501L9.86694 12.512ZM17.6929 18.4229L5.82075 5.57713H7.32495L19.1822 18.4229H17.6929Z" fill="#ED2C1D"></path> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/salonofficial/" target="_blank"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11.9978 9.3322C10.5289 9.3322 9.3301 10.531 9.3301 12C9.3301 13.469 10.5289 14.6678 11.9978 14.6678C13.4668 14.6678 14.6656 13.469 14.6656 12C14.6656 10.531 13.4668 9.3322 11.9978 9.3322ZM19.9991 12C19.9991 10.8953 20.0091 9.80051 19.9471 8.69777C19.885 7.4169 19.5928 6.28014 18.6562 5.3435C17.7176 4.40487 16.5829 4.11467 15.302 4.05263C14.1973 3.99059 13.1026 4.0006 11.9999 4.0006C10.8951 4.0006 9.80041 3.99059 8.69768 4.05263C7.41684 4.11467 6.28009 4.40687 5.34348 5.3435C4.40486 6.28214 4.11467 7.4169 4.05263 8.69777C3.99059 9.80252 4.0006 10.8973 4.0006 12C4.0006 13.1027 3.99059 14.1995 4.05263 15.3022C4.11467 16.5831 4.40686 17.7199 5.34348 18.6565C6.28209 19.5951 7.41684 19.8853 8.69768 19.9474C9.80241 20.0094 10.8971 19.9994 11.9999 19.9994C13.1046 19.9994 14.1993 20.0094 15.302 19.9474C16.5829 19.8853 17.7196 19.5931 18.6562 18.6565C19.5948 17.7179 19.885 16.5831 19.9471 15.3022C20.0111 14.1995 19.9991 13.1047 19.9991 12ZM11.9978 16.1048C9.72636 16.1048 7.89315 14.2715 7.89315 12C7.89315 9.72847 9.72636 7.89523 11.9978 7.89523C14.2693 7.89523 16.1025 9.72847 16.1025 12C16.1025 14.2715 14.2693 16.1048 11.9978 16.1048ZM16.2707 8.68576C15.7403 8.68576 15.312 8.25747 15.312 7.72711C15.312 7.19675 15.7403 6.76847 16.2707 6.76847C16.801 6.76847 17.2293 7.19675 17.2293 7.72711C17.2294 7.85305 17.2048 7.97778 17.1566 8.09416C17.1085 8.21054 17.0379 8.31628 16.9489 8.40533C16.8598 8.49438 16.7541 8.56499 16.6377 8.61311C16.5213 8.66123 16.3966 8.68592 16.2707 8.68576Z" fill="#ED2C1D"></path> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/SalonDotCom" target="_blank"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M21.9954 9.58161C22.0403 8.3787 21.7559 7.18479 21.1686 6.11075C20.7702 5.67004 20.2172 5.37263 19.606 5.27034C17.0781 5.05816 14.5397 4.9712 12.0017 5.00982C9.47298 4.96944 6.94372 5.0536 4.42467 5.26194C3.92663 5.34574 3.46574 5.56183 3.09823 5.88384C2.28056 6.58137 2.18971 7.77474 2.09886 8.78323C1.96705 10.5964 1.96705 12.4158 2.09886 14.229C2.12514 14.7966 2.21651 15.3601 2.37142 15.9098C2.48096 16.3343 2.70259 16.727 3.01646 17.0528C3.38647 17.3919 3.8581 17.6202 4.37015 17.7083C6.32884 17.9319 8.30242 18.0246 10.2755 17.9856C13.4553 18.0277 16.2445 17.9856 19.5424 17.7503C20.067 17.6677 20.5519 17.439 20.9324 17.0948C21.1868 16.8594 21.3768 16.5713 21.4866 16.2544C21.8115 15.3322 21.9711 14.367 21.9591 13.397C21.9954 12.9264 21.9954 10.0858 21.9954 9.58161ZM9.94845 13.9013V8.69919L15.3269 11.3128C13.8187 12.086 11.8291 12.96 9.94845 13.9013Z" fill="#ED2C1D"></path> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/salon/" target="_blank"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M16.4103 13.0485L16.8767 9.81553H13.9589V7.71845C13.9589 6.83374 14.3658 5.97087 15.6726 5.97087H17V3.21845C17 3.21845 15.7959 3 14.6452 3C12.2411 3 10.6712 4.54879 10.6712 7.35146V9.81553H8V13.0485H10.6712V20.8646C11.2075 20.9541 11.7562 21 12.3151 21C12.874 21 13.4226 20.9541 13.9589 20.8646V13.0485H16.4103Z" fill="#ED2C1D"></path> </svg> </a> </div> </div> </div> <button class="burger "> <svg class="burger-icon" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none"> <path d="M3 12H21M3 6H21M3 18H21" stroke="#1E1E1E" stroke-width="2" stroke-linecap="square" stroke-linejoin="round" /> </svg> <svg class="burger-close-icon" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12.0007 10.586L16.9507 5.63599L18.3647 7.04999L13.4147 12L18.3647 16.95L16.9507 18.364L12.0007 13.414L7.05072 18.364L5.63672 16.95L10.5867 12L5.63672 7.04999L7.05072 5.63599L12.0007 10.586Z" fill="#1E1E1E" /> </svg> </button> <a href="/premium?source=header-link-desktop" class="subscribe hidden" id="subscribe_button">subscribe</a> <div class="text">Help keep Salon independent</div> </div> <div class="header__top-right"> <a href="/newsletter?source=header-link-desktop-newsletter" class="newsletter">Newsletter</a> <div class="socials"> <a href="https://twitter.com/Salon" target="_blank"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M9.86694 12.512L2 4H8.23118L13.0874 9.26103L18.2755 4.02369H21.7073L14.7467 11.0587L23 20H16.7874L11.5291 14.3105L5.91541 19.9842H2.46501L9.86694 12.512ZM17.6929 18.4229L5.82075 5.57713H7.32495L19.1822 18.4229H17.6929Z" fill="#ED2C1D" /> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/salonofficial/" target="_blank"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M11.9978 9.3322C10.5289 9.3322 9.3301 10.531 9.3301 12C9.3301 13.469 10.5289 14.6678 11.9978 14.6678C13.4668 14.6678 14.6656 13.469 14.6656 12C14.6656 10.531 13.4668 9.3322 11.9978 9.3322ZM19.9991 12C19.9991 10.8953 20.0091 9.80051 19.9471 8.69777C19.885 7.4169 19.5928 6.28014 18.6562 5.3435C17.7176 4.40487 16.5829 4.11467 15.302 4.05263C14.1973 3.99059 13.1026 4.0006 11.9999 4.0006C10.8951 4.0006 9.80041 3.99059 8.69768 4.05263C7.41684 4.11467 6.28009 4.40687 5.34348 5.3435C4.40486 6.28214 4.11467 7.4169 4.05263 8.69777C3.99059 9.80252 4.0006 10.8973 4.0006 12C4.0006 13.1027 3.99059 14.1995 4.05263 15.3022C4.11467 16.5831 4.40686 17.7199 5.34348 18.6565C6.28209 19.5951 7.41684 19.8853 8.69768 19.9474C9.80241 20.0094 10.8971 19.9994 11.9999 19.9994C13.1046 19.9994 14.1993 20.0094 15.302 19.9474C16.5829 19.8853 17.7196 19.5931 18.6562 18.6565C19.5948 17.7179 19.885 16.5831 19.9471 15.3022C20.0111 14.1995 19.9991 13.1047 19.9991 12ZM11.9978 16.1048C9.72636 16.1048 7.89315 14.2715 7.89315 12C7.89315 9.72847 9.72636 7.89523 11.9978 7.89523C14.2693 7.89523 16.1025 9.72847 16.1025 12C16.1025 14.2715 14.2693 16.1048 11.9978 16.1048ZM16.2707 8.68576C15.7403 8.68576 15.312 8.25747 15.312 7.72711C15.312 7.19675 15.7403 6.76847 16.2707 6.76847C16.801 6.76847 17.2293 7.19675 17.2293 7.72711C17.2294 7.85305 17.2048 7.97778 17.1566 8.09416C17.1085 8.21054 17.0379 8.31628 16.9489 8.40533C16.8598 8.49438 16.7541 8.56499 16.6377 8.61311C16.5213 8.66123 16.3966 8.68592 16.2707 8.68576Z" fill="#ED2C1D" /> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/SalonDotCom" target="_blank"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M21.9954 9.58161C22.0403 8.3787 21.7559 7.18479 21.1686 6.11075C20.7702 5.67004 20.2172 5.37263 19.606 5.27034C17.0781 5.05816 14.5397 4.9712 12.0017 5.00982C9.47298 4.96944 6.94372 5.0536 4.42467 5.26194C3.92663 5.34574 3.46574 5.56183 3.09823 5.88384C2.28056 6.58137 2.18971 7.77474 2.09886 8.78323C1.96705 10.5964 1.96705 12.4158 2.09886 14.229C2.12514 14.7966 2.21651 15.3601 2.37142 15.9098C2.48096 16.3343 2.70259 16.727 3.01646 17.0528C3.38647 17.3919 3.8581 17.6202 4.37015 17.7083C6.32884 17.9319 8.30242 18.0246 10.2755 17.9856C13.4553 18.0277 16.2445 17.9856 19.5424 17.7503C20.067 17.6677 20.5519 17.439 20.9324 17.0948C21.1868 16.8594 21.3768 16.5713 21.4866 16.2544C21.8115 15.3322 21.9711 14.367 21.9591 13.397C21.9954 12.9264 21.9954 10.0858 21.9954 9.58161ZM9.94845 13.9013V8.69919L15.3269 11.3128C13.8187 12.086 11.8291 12.96 9.94845 13.9013Z" fill="#ED2C1D" /> </svg> </a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/salon/" target="_blank"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M16.4103 13.0485L16.8767 9.81553H13.9589V7.71845C13.9589 6.83374 14.3658 5.97087 15.6726 5.97087H17V3.21845C17 3.21845 15.7959 3 14.6452 3C12.2411 3 10.6712 4.54879 10.6712 7.35146V9.81553H8V13.0485H10.6712V20.8646C11.2075 20.9541 11.7562 21 12.3151 21C12.874 21 13.4226 20.9541 13.9589 20.8646V13.0485H16.4103Z" fill="#ED2C1D" /> </svg> </a> </div> <div class="auth popover"> <svg class="user_menu_img" width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M12 4C9.525 4 7.5 5.74435 7.5 8.80435C7.5 11.8643 9.525 13.2391 12 13.2391C14.475 13.2391 16.5 11.8643 16.5 8.80435C16.5 5.74435 14.475 4 12 4ZM7.2975 14.3478C4.9125 14.4587 3 16.3878 3 18.7826V21H21V18.7826C21 16.3878 19.11 14.4587 16.7025 14.3478C15.4875 15.7004 13.8225 16.5652 12 16.5652C10.1775 16.5652 8.5125 15.7004 7.2975 14.3478Z" fill="#1E1E1E" /> </svg> <div class="hover-popup"> <a id="nav_profile" class="user-menu-link" href="/profile" tabindex="0">Profile</a> <a id="nav_login" href="" onkeydown="if(event.keyCode === 13) show_modal('login')" onclick="event.preventDefault(); show_modal('login')" class="user-menu-link"> <svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <path d="M5 15H7V20H19V4H7V9H5V3C5 2.73478 5.10536 2.48043 5.29289 2.29289C5.48043 2.10536 5.73478 2 6 2H20C20.2652 2 20.5196 2.10536 20.7071 2.29289C20.8946 2.48043 21 2.73478 21 3V21C21 21.2652 20.8946 21.5196 20.7071 21.7071C20.5196 21.8946 20.2652 22 20 22H6C5.73478 22 5.48043 21.8946 5.29289 21.7071C5.10536 21.5196 5 21.2652 5 21V15ZM11 11V8L16 12L11 16V13H3V11H11Z" fill="#111111" /> </svg> Login/Sign Up </a> <div class="switcher"> <input type="checkbox" id="sticky_desktop" name="sticky_desktop" onclick="handle_toggle('sticky_mobile','sticky_desktop','sticky_header')"> <label for="sticky_desktop">Sticky Header</label> </div> <div class="switcher"> <input type="checkbox" id="night_desktop" name="night_desktop" onclick="handle_toggle('night_mobile','night_desktop','night_mode')"> <label for="night_desktop">Night Mode</label> </div> <a id="nav_saved_articles" class="user-menu-link" href="/profile/saved-articles">Saved Articles</a> <a id="ad_free_dropdown_link" href="/premium?source=user-dropdown-link" class="user-menu-link ad_free_dropdown_link hidden" tabindex="0">Go Ad-Free</a> <a id="nav_logout" href="" class="user-menu-link" onkeydown="if(event.keyCode == 13) logOut();" onclick="logOut();" tabindex="0">Logout</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header__bottom"> <div class="container"> <div class="header__bottom-inner"> <ul> <li><a href="/category/news-and-politics" target="_self">News & Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/category/culture" target="_self">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/category/food" target="_self">Food</a></li> </ul> <a aria-label="To Salon Homepage" href="/" class="logo"> <img src="/design/images/salon-logo.svg" alt="salon logo"> </a> <ul> <li><a href="/category/science-and-health" target="_self">Science & Health</a></li> <li><a href="/category/money" target="_self">Money</a></li> <li><a href="/tv" target="_self">Video</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header__search"> <div class="container"> <div class="header__search-inner"> <input type="search" class="search-input" placeholder="Search"> </div> </div> </div> </header>  <div id="nav_filler"></div> <script type="text/javascript"> if(getCookie('salon_logged_in') && getCookie('mylogin') != ""){ document.getElementById("nav_login").style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById("nav_login_m").style.display = 'none'; if((!adsRemovedWith) && salon_config.page_type != "premium"){ document.querySelector(".ad_free_dropdown_link").classList.remove("hidden"); } } else { document.getElementById("nav_profile").style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById("nav_profile_m").style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById("nav_saved_articles").style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById("nav_saved_articles_m").style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById("nav_logout").style.display = 'none'; document.getElementById("nav_logout_m").style.display = 'none'; } if ((!adsRemovedWith) && salon_config.page_type != "premium") { document.getElementById("subscribe_button").classList.remove("hidden"); } //called when page loads so that toggles and nav settings are updated function display_onload(desktopToggleId, mobileToggleId, cookie){ let desktopToggleElement = document.getElementById(desktopToggleId); let mobileToggleElement = document.getElementById(mobileToggleId); if(getCookie(cookie) == "on"){ //modifies both display elements accordinly mobileToggleElement.checked = true; desktopToggleElement.checked = true; if(cookie == 'sticky_header'){ //makes nav bar stick let navbar = document.getElementById('new_navbar_wrapper'); navbar.classList.add('sticky_nav'); navbar.style.position = "fixed" //makes railrode toolbar sticky let adminBar = document.getElementById('admin-toolbar'); if(!!adminBar){ adminBar.classList.add('sticky_admin'); let adminFiller = document.getElementById('admin_filler'); adminFiller.classList.add('admin_filler') } let navFiller = document.getElementById('nav_filler'); navFiller.classList.add('nav_filler'); } //adds nightvision class let night_body = document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]; if(cookie == 'night_mode' && !night_body.hasAttribute('best-sites')){ night_body.className = 'night_vision_mode'; } }else{ desktopToggleElement.checked = false; } } if(getCookie('salon_logged_in') && getCookie('mylogin') != ""){ display_onload('sticky_desktop','sticky_mobile','sticky_header'); display_onload('night_desktop','night_mobile','night_mode'); }else{ document.getElementById('sticky_desktop').checked = false; document.getElementById('night_desktop').checked = false; } </script>  <div id="modal-box"></div>  <div id="outer_sticky" style="display: none;"> <div id="close_sticky" onclick="ads_project.close_sticky(); return false;"><svg class="x_close_logo" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 320 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M310.6 150.6c12.5-12.5 12.5-32.8 0-45.3s-32.8-12.5-45.3 0L160 210.7 54.6 105.4c-12.5-12.5-32.8-12.5-45.3 0s-12.5 32.8 0 45.3L114.7 256 9.4 361.4c-12.5 12.5-12.5 32.8 0 45.3s32.8 12.5 45.3 0L160 301.3 265.4 406.6c12.5 12.5 32.8 12.5 45.3 0s12.5-32.8 0-45.3L205.3 256 310.6 150.6z"/> </svg></div> <script> if(is_mobile()) { document.write("<div id=\"sticky_ad_container\" class=\"htlad-salon_m_sticky_food\" data-targeting='{\"sticky_refresh\": \"01\"}'></div>"); } else { document.write("<div id=\"sticky_ad_container\" class=\"htlad-salon_dt_sticky_food\" data-targeting='{\"sticky_refresh\": \"01\"}'></div>"); } </script> </div> <div class="infinite_scroll_container" id="infinite_scroll_container"> <input type ="hidden" id="highest_pub_date" value="2006-06-09 16:00:00"> <input type ="hidden" id="lowest_pub_date" value="2006-06-09 16:00:00"> <input type ="hidden" id="post_ids" name="post_ids" value="1479264"> <div class="container_main_article"> <input type="hidden" name="hidden_post_id" id="hidden_post_id" value="1479264" /> <input type="hidden" name="hidden_rating_status" id="hidden_rating_status" value="hide" /> <input type="hidden" name="hidden_post_year" id="hidden_post_year" value="2006" /> <main id="posts"> <div class="in_brief_article" data-url="2006/06/09/askthepilot189/" data-title="Ask the pilot" data-authors="Patrick Smith" data-sections="All Salon, Culture, Food, Life, Life Stories"> <section class="main-content no-gutters"> <section class="article_outer_wrapper"> <div class="scroll-posts" id="2006/06/09/askthepilot189/"> <section class="title-container">  <div class="article_badge_wrapper"> </div> <h1>Ask the pilot</h1> <h2> Should America emulate Israel's crack air security? Only if we want to turn ourselves into a full-blown police state.</h2>  <section class="writer-container writer-app-wrapper"> <div class="writer_info_wrapper"> <div class="writer_box"> <div class="writer_name_box"> <h3 class="writer_name"><span>By </span> <a href="/writer/patrick_smith">Patrick Smith</a> </h3> <span class="top_writer_desc"></span> </div> </div> <div class="published_date">  <h3 class="publish_date"> Published June 9, 2006 12:00PM (EDT) </h6> </div> </div> </section> </section> <section class="cover-wrapper"> <img id="cover-main" class="" srcset="https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/600/https://www.salon.com/design/images/salon_default_image.jpg 600w, https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/960/https://www.salon.com/design/images/salon_default_image.jpg 960w, https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/1200/https://www.salon.com/design/images/salon_default_image.jpg 1200w" sizes="100vw" src="https://mediaproxy.salon.com/width/1200/https://www.salon.com/design/images/salon_default_image.jpg" alt=""> </section> <strong class="article_img_desc"> </strong> <div class="article_rail_wrapper"> <div class="left-column"> <div class="social_comments_app_wrapper">  <div id="social_total" class="d-flex"> <div class="total-cont hidden"> <div id='total_share_count' class="total_shares">--</div> <h3>Shares</h3> </div> <a href="#" onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2006%2F06%2F09%2Faskthepilot189%2F','facebook-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); ga('send', 'event','Social Buttons', 'click', 'Facebook'); return false;" rel="nofollow" share_url="https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2006%2F06%2F09%2Faskthepilot189%2F" target="_blank"> <div class="share_containers" id="facebook_share_container"><svg class="s_logos social_shares s_facebook_f_logo" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 264 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M76.7 512V283H0v-91h76.7v-71.7C76.7 42.4 124.3 0 193.8 0c33.3 0 61.9 2.5 70.2 3.6V85h-48.2c-37.8 0-45.1 18-45.1 44.3V192H256l-11.7 91h-73.6v229"></path> </svg><span>Facebook</span></div> <div class="outer_share_num_wrapper"> <div id='facebook_share_count' class="shares"></div> </div> </a> <a href="#" onclick="window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2006%2F06%2F09%2Faskthepilot189%2F&text=Ask+the+pilot','twitter-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); ga('send', 'event','Social Buttons', 'click', 'Twitter'); return false;" rel="nofollow" share_url="https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2006%2F06%2F09%2Faskthepilot189%2F" target="_blank"> <div class="share_containers" id="twitter_share_container"><svg class="s_logos s_twitter_logo" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z"></path> </svg><span>Twitter</span></div> <div class="outer_share_num_wrapper"> <div id='twitter_share_count' class="shares"></div> </div> </a> <a href="#" onclick="window.open('https://www.reddit.com/submit?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2006%2F06%2F09%2Faskthepilot189%2F','reddit-share-dialog', 'width=626,height=436'); ga('send', 'event','Social Buttons', 'click', 'Reddit'); return false;" rel="nofollow" share_url="https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2006%2F06%2F09%2Faskthepilot189%2F" target="_blank"> <div class="share_containers" id="reddit_share_container"><svg class="s_logos social_shares s_reddit_alien_logo" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M440.3 203.5c-15 0-28.2 6.2-37.9 15.9-35.7-24.7-83.8-40.6-137.1-42.3L293 52.3l88.2 19.8c0 21.6 17.6 39.2 39.2 39.2 22 0 39.7-18.1 39.7-39.7s-17.6-39.7-39.7-39.7c-15.4 0-28.7 9.3-35.3 22l-97.4-21.6c-4.9-1.3-9.7 2.2-11 7.1L246.3 177c-52.9 2.2-100.5 18.1-136.3 42.8-9.7-10.1-23.4-16.3-38.4-16.3-55.6 0-73.8 74.6-22.9 100.1-1.8 7.9-2.6 16.3-2.6 24.7 0 83.8 94.4 151.7 210.3 151.7 116.4 0 210.8-67.9 210.8-151.7 0-8.4-.9-17.2-3.1-25.1 49.9-25.6 31.5-99.7-23.8-99.7zM129.4 308.9c0-22 17.6-39.7 39.7-39.7 21.6 0 39.2 17.6 39.2 39.7 0 21.6-17.6 39.2-39.2 39.2-22 .1-39.7-17.6-39.7-39.2zm214.3 93.5c-36.4 36.4-139.1 36.4-175.5 0-4-3.5-4-9.7 0-13.7 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 27.8 28.5 120 29 149 0 3.5-3.5 9.7-3.5 13.2 0 4.1 4 4.1 10.2.1 13.7zm-.8-54.2c-21.6 0-39.2-17.6-39.2-39.2 0-22 17.6-39.7 39.2-39.7 22 0 39.7 17.6 39.7 39.7-.1 21.5-17.7 39.2-39.7 39.2z"></path> </svg><span>Reddit</span></div> <div class="outer_share_num_wrapper"> <div id='reddit_share_count' class="shares"></div> </div> </a> <a href="#" onclick="show_modal('email_share_article'); ga('send', 'event','Social Buttons', 'click', 'Email'); return false;" id="send_email"> <div class="share_containers" id="email_share_container"><svg class="s_logos social_shares s_email_logo" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M502.3 190.8c3.9-3.1 9.7-.2 9.7 4.7V400c0 26.5-21.5 48-48 48H48c-26.5 0-48-21.5-48-48V195.6c0-5 5.7-7.8 9.7-4.7 22.4 17.4 52.1 39.5 154.1 113.6 21.1 15.4 56.7 47.8 92.2 47.6 35.7.3 72-32.8 92.3-47.6 102-74.1 131.6-96.3 154-113.7zM256 320c23.2.4 56.6-29.2 73.4-41.4 132.7-96.3 142.8-104.7 173.4-128.7 5.8-4.5 9.2-11.5 9.2-18.9v-19c0-26.5-21.5-48-48-48H48C21.5 64 0 85.5 0 112v19c0 7.4 3.4 14.3 9.2 18.9 30.6 23.9 40.7 32.4 173.4 128.7 16.8 12.2 50.2 41.8 73.4 41.4z"></path> </svg><span>Email</span></div> <div class="outer_share_num_wrapper"> <div id='email_share_count' class="shares"></div> </div> </a> </div>  <div class="writer-app-wrapper"> <div class="view_app_wrapper"> <div class="save_container"> <a id="save-button" style="visibility:hidden; min-height: 30px; min-width: 58px;" onkeydown="if(event.keyCode == 13) event.target.click()" tabindex="0"></a> <script> //populates button if user is not logged in if(!getCookie('salon_logged_in') || getCookie('mylogin') == ""){ let button = document.getElementById('save-button'); button.style.visibility = "visible"; button.setAttribute('onclick', "show_modal('login'); return false"); button.innerHTML = `<span id="save_button_holder"><svg focusable="false" data-prefix="far" data-icon="bookmark" class="svg-inline--fa fa-bookmark fa-w-12" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 384 512"><path fill="currentColor" d="M336 0H48C21.49 0 0 21.49 0 48v464l192-112 192 112V48c0-26.51-21.49-48-48-48zm0 428.43l-144-84-144 84V54a6 6 0 0 1 6-6h276c3.314 0 6 2.683 6 5.996V428.43z"></path> </svg><span>save</span></span>`; } </script> </div> </div> </div> </div>  <article class="article-content"> <input type="hidden" id="article_url" value="2006/06/09/askthepilot189/"> <script> if(is_mobile()){ var adCount = adCount || 0; adCount++; var ad_display_count = ((adCount < 10) ? "0"+adCount : adCount); if(ad_ending_name == "food") name = "salon_m_incontent_food"; else name = "salon_m_incontent_article"; // Add the ad unit to the page document.write("<div class=\"outer-ad-unit-wrapper\" id=\"outer_ad_unit_"+adCount+"\"><span class=\"ad-caption\">Advertisement:</span><div class=\"htlad-"+name+"\" data-targeting='{\"slot_number\": \""+ad_display_count+"\"}'></div></div>"); } </script> <p>What's left to say about airport security that hasn't been thrashed, mashed and rehashed in this column 10 times over? More than it may seem, perhaps. In an age when matters of safety have, to great chagrin, become the heart and soul of the American consciousness, few topics are more bottomlessly exasperating and, by the same token, worthy of careful and repeated analysis. Whether picking apart <a href="http://www.salon.com/tech/col/smith/2005/06/10/askthepilot140/index.html">the follies of our beleaguered Transportation Safety Administration,</a> or taking on the reactionary fear-mongering of <a href="http://www.salon.com/tech/col/smith/2004/08/06/askthepilot97_doc/index.html">Annie Jacobsen,</a> it's a dirty job that requires, if nothing else, tenacity. </p> <p>Isn't that a splendid disclaimer? It popped to mind as I sat aboard a Jordanian bus, preparing to cross the border from Jordan into Israel at the Allenby Bridge, east of Jerusalem. At such a peculiar ground zero of geopolitical tension, the subject felt ripe for another tour. </p> <p>Between Galilee and the Dead Sea, the border between Jordan and Israel is formed by what's left of the ancient Jordan River. In places, the snaking, heavily polluted waterway is 3 meters or less from bank to bank -- nearly thin enough to connect with a pair of outstretched arms. There's a frustrating irony, and maybe a certain poetry too, in the idea of so much unease being separated by little more than a reed-clogged creek. For an American tourist, traversing this narrow strip of demarcation can take two hours or more. If you're unlucky enough to be a Palestinian, it might be 12 hours. As a guard stamped my passport and waved me through, I saw throngs of Arabs corralled in a nearby waiting area. Soldiers rummaged through their belongings, swabbing for explosives. Ethnic profiling at its most unabashed. </p> <p>The bridge crossing was an adventure, but it was the airport in Tel Aviv that I was most interested in seeing. Americans have a way of holding up the Israeli example of air security as the gold standard to which we are obliged to strive. Readers of this column certainly seem to think so. Our airports, letter writers consistently urge, need to be more like Israel's, and our airlines more like that country's impenetrable national carrier, El Al. To wit, not long after Sept. 11, Raphael "Rafi" Ron, retired security czar of Tel Aviv's Ben Gurion International, was brought in to revamp procedures at Boston-Logan, departure point for both of the World Trade Center aircraft. </p> <p>I'd been to Ben Gurion, which is named in honor of Israel's original prime minister, once before. My first-ever trip overseas, as a high school sophomore in 1982, brought me to Tel Aviv on an El Al 747 from New York. Memories are foggy, and in any case the airport has been completely rebuilt. Opened in 2004 at a cost of $1 billion, the central passenger complex, called Terminal 3, is the largest and most expensive aviation project in Israel's history. It is operated and managed by the Israel Airports Authority, a government administration that also runs land crossings like the one at Allenby Bridge. Terminal 3 is an impressive, four-story structure of glass and steel, attractively accented in desert tones. The spacious departure hall is somewhat reminiscent of <a href="http://www.salon.com/tech/col/smith/2003/02/21/askthepilot29/index.html">Terminal One</a> at New York's JFK. </p> <p>Security? Yes, it's tight and it's everywhere, even before you step inside. Arriving by taxi, we were briefly detained at a roadway checkpoint well short of the terminal itself. Our driver, a Palestinian, was asked to show his identity card while an M-16-toting guard asked for passports. "Where are you coming from?" </p> <p>"Jerusalem," the driver answered. This was half true. Indeed we'd set out from there, albeit with a stop along the way at Bethlehem, in the West Bank. Such detours, however innocuous, are best not divulged when hurrying to catch a flight at TLV. </p> <p>Once you're in the building, a security agent has a look at your ticket, thumbs through your passport, and conducts a brief interview. The process isn't unlike the short, Lockerbie-induced Q-and-A debriefings one goes through at European airports, though for us, fresh from a neighboring Arab country, it entailed a mini-interrogation. Why we had chosen to visit Jordan? (To see Jerash, Petra, Wadi Rum and everything in between.) How long were we there? (Six days.) How did we get around? (Rented a car.) Were we asked to carry gifts or packages? (No, but I did have a souvenir Palestinian flag tucked inside a magazine.) </p> <p>All bags, carry-ons and otherwise, are next run through InVision machines prior to check-in. These igloo-shaped CT scanners probe for bombs and explosives. InVision units have become common in the United States too, but TLV has the process streamlined to a science. Any luggage flagged for extra scrutiny is routed, along with its owner, to a separate station for a hand inspection. There, the staff is able to pull up the resultant scan on a touch-screen monitor, pinpointing whatever offending item roused suspicion (such as a piece of ceramic pottery from the Jordanian city of Madaba). </p> <p>After check-in and seat assignment, passengers head to the immigration line, where the formalities are about the same as in most other countries. Then, down a short corridor for a quick, straightforward trip through the metal detector, and one more X-ray for carry-ons. </p> <p>Total time from curbside to boarding lounge, excluding several minutes in the check-in queue, was approximately 25 minutes. Less than half an hour for an explosives scan, open-bag hand search, documents check, security interview and X-ray inspection. That's a shorter time than it takes to pass through a single metal detector in many U.S. terminals. </p> <p>And a note to the TSA: There is no foolish shoe removal in Israel. I don't know what recommendations old Rafi Ron passed along to his counterparts in America, but more than four years after Sept. 11, our own airport protocols, woefully preoccupied with footwear and hobby knives, remain embarrassingly disorganized and jury-rigged. Culled from the army, Tel Aviv's security staff is young, fit, polite and extremely attentive. How to say this without insulting the hard-working TSA employees out there, but on top of all else, Israel's airport guardians simply look like professionals. </p> <p>Quantitatively, Ben Gurion's security is obviously tighter and more apparent than security in the United States. At the same time, it is far more orderly, and it's administered with a clear sense of purpose and competence. In the end, it feels less obtrusive, while simultaneously more productive, than the rigmarole we've created at home. To underscore just how farcical our methods are, I was required to take off my boots and place them on the X-ray belt after landing in the United States, en route to an adjacent concourse for a connecting flight, while still within the secure zone. </p> <p>And if there's one thing at Ben Gurion that has a more dignified presence than the security, it is -- and I can hardly believe I'm saying this -- the sense of peace and quiet. Even amid a busy departure push the terminal is pleasantly hushed. There are no infernal CNN monitors blaring at the gates and, best of all, no <a href="http://www.salon.com/tech/col/smith/2006/04/07/askthepilot180/">endless barrage of P.A. announcements</a> cautioning travelers about unattended bags and suspicious packages. </p> <p>A brief recording plays every 20 minutes or so, emphasizing the prohibition against firearms on the premises. If this seems an unnecessary reminder, you've never been to Israel, where soldiers and their weapons are everywhere. Possibly this is the only place on earth to see groups of teenage girls, giggling and chatting on their cellphones, with automatic rifles slung over their shoulders. </p> <p>"It is totally forbidden to take firearms or any parts of any weapons on board the airplane." That from a brochure, Security Information for Passengers, available at kiosks throughout the terminal. </p> <p>Otherwise, a certain level of vigilance on the part of travelers is assumed and understood. Not to suggest that the guards, for their part, aren't watching or paying attention. After I wandered away from my backpack for fewer than 20 seconds, an officer was there making sure it was mine, requesting that I keep closer proximity. </p> <p>But it's not draconian strictness or bullying regulations that make Tel Aviv so impressive -- not on the surface, anyway. It's common sense and efficiency. The place isn't merely safeguarded; it's downright passenger friendly. So it would seem those letter writers are right. We could do worse than emulate our allies in the Middle East. Why can't we, or why don't we, have a system like theirs? </p> <p>Unfortunately, that's a bit like asking why America's streets can't be as clean as Singapore's. Mostly it's a case of scale. The United States has dozens of mega-terminals, and hundreds more of varying sizes; the nation's top 25 airports each process more than 20 million people a year. Tel Aviv is Israel's sole major airport, handling 9 million passengers annually -- about the same as Raleigh-Durham, N.C. The ability to focus on this single, consolidated portal makes the job comparatively simple. There are aspects worth borrowing, for sure, but it's naive to think Israeli protocols can, in whole, be fitted to a nation that is 50 times more populous, and immeasurably more diverse and decentralized. </p> <p>The same applies when talking about El Al, the Israeli national airline. No carrier has taken more care to protect its fleet against sabotage, it's true. Among other measures, every El Al jet is outfitted with an anti-missile system. Crews are trained in hand-to-hand combat, and a minimum of six armed marshals ride aboard every El Al flight. But in addition to being one-third owned and funded by the state, El Al is a relatively tiny airline. It operates fewer than 40 aircraft, all hubbed from a single city, and transports just over 3 million passengers yearly. Compare that with American, United or Delta, just to name three, each with more than 500 planes. American Airlines carries roughly 1.7 million passengers every week. </p> <p>To protect our airports and skies, our expenditures have increased multifold in the past several years. The TSA budget alone is now close to $6 billion. In many regards, return on the investment has been paltry. We have every right to be disappointed and frustrated, and to demand something better. What we shouldn't do, however, is fantasize about a system as button-down and foolproof as Israel's. </p> <p>Don't get me wrong, it's certainly possible. That is, at the cost of turning our airports into fortresses, and our nation into a full-blown security state -- which Israel certainly is. That's something I hope never to see, though many would argue we're already well along that path -- the tipping point merely one more terrorist attack, one more explosion away. </p> <p>SOME TIDBITS </p> <p>In 1972, when Ben Gurion International was still known as Lod Airport (after the city in which the field is physically located), a terrorist attack by the Japanese Red Army killed 26 people in the arrivals lounge. </p> <p>The last successful hijacking of an El Al aircraft occurred in 1968. </p> <p>In 1986, an Irish citizen named Anne Murphy was caught attempting to board an El Al flight in London with 3 pounds of plastic explosives concealed in her luggage. The stash had been planted by Murphy's boyfriend, Nezar Hindawi, allegedly with cooperation from the Syrian government, prompting Britain to suspend diplomatic relations with that country. </p> <p>In 1995, as part of Operation Solomon, an airlift of Ethiopian Jews, an El Al Boeing 747 set the all-time record for passengers aboard a commercial airliner, carrying 1,087 people from Addis Ababa. </p> <p>An El Al 747 freighter slammed into an apartment complex near Amsterdam in 1992, killing at least 47 people (the actual total is disputed, as the building was home to many illegal immigrants). A corroded fuse pin caused the plane's No. 3 engine to detach after takeoff. The wayward power plant then collided with an adjacent engine, knocking it too from the airframe. The plane crashed while maneuvering for an emergency landing. </p> <p>In Hebrew, El Al literally means "to on," or "to the highest," but is traditionally translated as "skyward." </p> <p>Some of El Al's freighters travel in <a target="new" href="http://www.airliners.net/open.file/1003957/M/">unmarked stealth mode.</a> </p> <p>El Al's <a target="new" href="http://www.airliners.net/open.file/1003442/M/">newest livery</a> isn't half as handsome as <a target="new" href="http://www.airliners.net/open.file/1042949/M/">the one it supersedes.</a> <p class="dottedLine">- - - - - - - - - - - -</p> <p>Do you have questions for Salon's aviation expert? Send them to <a href="mailto:PatrickSmith@salon.com">AskThePilot</a> and look for answers in a future column. </p> </article> <script> //makes premium article visible for ad free users if(getCookie('salon_ad_free_user')){ let hiddenParagraphs = document.getElementsByClassName('hidden-paragraph'); for(let i = 0; i < hiddenParagraphs.length; i++){ hiddenParagraphs[i].setAttribute("style",""); } if(document.getElementsByClassName("ad_paid-content") && document.getElementsByClassName("ad_paid-content")[0]) document.getElementsByClassName("ad_paid-content")[0].setAttribute("style","display: none;"); //removes paragraphs content from dom if not ad free }else{ let hiddenParagraphs = document.getElementsByClassName('hidden-paragraph'); for(let i = 0; i < hiddenParagraphs.length; i++){ hiddenParagraphs[i].innerHTML = ""; } } </script> <script> function insert_ad(adCount, paragraph, adName, playlist = "salon_featured", abTest = "control"){ if(playlist.length == 0) playlist = "salon_featured"; // Video ad unit if(adName == "video_proper"){ //creates video player ad let adUnit = document.createElement('div'); adUnit.setAttribute("data-video-id", `salon-playlist-${playlist}`); adUnit.setAttribute("data-video-url", ""); adUnit.setAttribute("data-mpd-url", ""); adUnit.setAttribute("data-hls-url", ""); adUnit.setAttribute("id", "salon_main_video"); let adScript = document.createElement('script'); adScript.innerHTML = `salon_videos_commands.push(function(){ new_video_project.start_video_player_creation("salon_main_video"); });`; adUnit.append(adScript); let adLabel = document.createElement("span"); adLabel.innerHTML = "Advertisement:" adLabel.setAttribute("class","proper-caption"); adWrapper = document.createElement("div"); adWrapper.setAttribute("class","outer-ad-unit-wrapper"); adWrapper.appendChild(adLabel); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); // Insert into DOM paragraph.parentNode.insertBefore(adWrapper, paragraph.nextSibling); } // Video ad unit // Keep in case we need it back? if(adName == "video_exco"){ // Creates ExCo Player let adUnit = document.createElement('div'); adUnit.setAttribute("id", `7769e860-28b3-4382-875f-26ef697c0546`); let adScript = document.createElement('script'); adScript.innerHTML = `(function (d, s, n) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; js = d.createElement(s); js.className = n; js.src = "//player.ex.co/player/7769e860-28b3-4382-875f-26ef697c0546"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'exco-player'));`; let adLabel = document.createElement("span"); adLabel.innerHTML = "Advertisement:" adLabel.setAttribute("class","proper-caption"); let container = document.createElement("div"); container.setAttribute("id","salon_auto_video"); adWrapper = document.createElement("div"); adWrapper.setAttribute("class","outer-ad-unit-wrapper"); container.appendChild(adLabel); container.appendChild(adScript); container.appendChild(adUnit); adWrapper.appendChild(container); // Insert into DOM paragraph.parentNode.insertBefore(adWrapper, paragraph.nextSibling); } // Video ad unit if(adName == "video_vidazoo"){ // Creates Vidazoo Player let adScript = document.createElement('script'); adScript.setAttribute("src", "https://static.vidazoo.com/basev/vwpt.js"); adScript.setAttribute("data-widget-id", "63480adb81eb6fc6e03cbea7"); adScript.setAttribute("defer", ""); let adLabel = document.createElement("span"); adLabel.innerHTML = "Advertisement:" adLabel.setAttribute("class","proper-caption"); let adWrapper = document.createElement("div"); adWrapper.setAttribute("class","outer-ad-unit-wrapper"); adWrapper.appendChild(adLabel); adWrapper.appendChild(adScript); // Insert into DOM paragraph.parentNode.insertBefore(adWrapper, paragraph.nextSibling); } // Asteri else if(adName == "asteri"){ // wait for dom for trending div to exist document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded', (event) => { // Container for it all let adWrapper = document.createElement("div"); if (/Android|webOS|iPhone|iPad|iPod|BlackBerry|IEMobile|Opera Mini/i.test(navigator.userAgent)) { var width = (window.innerWidth > 0) ? window.innerWidth : screen.width; var ad_unit_width = width - 30; var ad_unit_height = ad_unit_width * .8; adWrapper.setAttribute("style","margin:auto !important; width:" + ad_unit_width + "px; padding-top: 15px;"); } else { var ad_unit_width = 300; var ad_unit_height = 250; adWrapper.setAttribute("style", "margin-bottom: 55px !important"); var trending = document.getElementById("trending_articles_sidebar") } // Create div for ad unit let adUnit = document.createElement('div'); adUnit.setAttribute("asterilivestream_profile", "45_41"); adUnit.setAttribute("asterilivestream_width", ad_unit_width); adUnit.setAttribute("asterilivestream_height", ad_unit_height); // Create script for ad unit let adUnitScript = document.createElement('script'); adUnitScript.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); adUnitScript.setAttribute("src", "https://asteriresearch.com/livestream-latest.min.js"); adUnitScript.setAttribute("defer", "defer"); // Merge all pieces adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnitScript); // Insert into DOM if (trending) { trending.parentNode.insertBefore(adWrapper, trending.nextSibling); } else { paragraph.parentNode.insertBefore(adWrapper, paragraph.nextSibling); } }); } // Normal ad slot (HTL) else{ // Create element for ad unit let adUnit = document.createElement('div'); adUnit.setAttribute("class", `htlad-${adName}`); adUnit.setAttribute("data-targeting", "{\"slot_number\": \""+(adCount < 10 ? "0"+adCount : adCount)+"\"}"); // Add Advertisement label let adLabel = document.createElement("span"); adLabel.innerHTML = "Advertisement:" adLabel.setAttribute("class","ad-caption"); let adWrapper = document.createElement("div"); adWrapper.setAttribute("class","outer-ad-unit-wrapper"); adWrapper.setAttribute("id",`outer_ad_unit_${adCount}`); // Merge all pieces adWrapper.appendChild(adLabel); adWrapper.appendChild(adUnit); // Insert into DOM paragraph.parentNode.insertBefore(adWrapper, paragraph.nextSibling); } } //doesn't parse ads for premium pages or writers var name = ""; let ad_ending_name = "food"; if(1 && 1){ let article = document.getElementsByClassName("article-content")[0].childNodes; let article_url = document.getElementById("article_url").value; let pHeight = 0; let pCount = 0; let embedExists = ""; let abTest = "control"; let videoType = ""; // Mobile or Desktop if(is_mobile()){ if(ad_ending_name == "food") videoType = "salon_m_incontent_food"; else videoType = "salon_m_incontent_article"; } else{ // videoType = "video_vidazoo"; if(ad_ending_name == "food") videoType = "salon_dt_incontent_food"; else videoType = "salon_dt_incontent_article"; } for(i = 0; i < article.length - 2; i++){ let paragraph = article[i]; //handles paragraph tags, and elements that contain paragraph tags if(paragraph.nodeName == "P" || (paragraph.hasChildNodes() && paragraph.querySelectorAll('p').length > 0)){ pHeight += paragraph.offsetHeight; pCount++ //only adds a paragraph is the total height and paragraph count conditions are met if(pHeight >= 400 && pCount >=2){ // Second ad on page is video, but only if no embed if(adCount == 1 && !embedExists) name = videoType; else{ if(is_mobile()){ if(ad_ending_name == "food") name = "salon_m_incontent_food"; else name = "salon_m_incontent_article"; } else{ if(ad_ending_name == "food") name = "salon_dt_incontent_food"; else name = "salon_dt_incontent_article"; } } adCount++; insert_ad(adCount, paragraph, name,"salon_featured", abTest); pHeight = 0; pCount = 0; } } } } </script> <br />  <section class="writer-container"> <div class="writer_box"> <div class="writer_name_box"> <h3 class="writer-name">By <span>Patrick Smith</span></h3> <div class="writer-socials"> <a class="writer-social" href="https://www.facebook.com/http://www.facebook.com/group.php?gid=104172892991&v=info" target="_blank"><span><svg class="s_logos social_shares s_facebook_f_logo" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 264 512"> <path fill="currentColor" d="M76.7 512V283H0v-91h76.7v-71.7C76.7 42.4 124.3 0 193.8 0c33.3 0 61.9 2.5 70.2 3.6V85h-48.2c-37.8 0-45.1 18-45.1 44.3V192H256l-11.7 91h-73.6v229"></path> </svg></span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class=""> <p><a href="mailto:patricksmith@askthepilot.com">Patrick Smith</a> is an airline pilot. </p> <strong>MORE FROM <a href="/writer/patrick_smith">Patrick Smith</a></strong> </div> </section>   <hr> <script> adCount++; var ad_display_count = ((adCount < 10) ? "0"+adCount : adCount); if(is_mobile()){ document.write("<div class=\"htlad-"+name+"\" data-targeting='{\"slot_number\": \""+ad_display_count+"\"}'></div>"); } else { document.write("<div class=\"htlad-"+name+"\" data-targeting='{\"slot_number\": \""+ad_display_count+"\"}'></div>"); } </script> <hr> <div class="topic_explore_box"> <div id="topic_section"> <h2>Related Topics <span id="topics_title_line"> ------------------------------------------</span></h2> <a class="topic_button" href="https://www.salon.com/topic/air_travel">Air Travel</a> <a class="topic_button" href="https://www.salon.com/topic/ask_the_pilot">Ask The Pilot</a> <a class="topic_button" href="https://www.salon.com/topic/business">Business</a> <a class="topic_button" href="https://www.salon.com/topic/transportation_security_administration">Transportation Security Administration</a> </div> <div class="explore_section"> <div id="related_articles_div" class="related_articles"> <h2><span>Related Articles</span></h2> <div class="article-rows"> </div> </div> </div> </div> <hr> </div>  <div class="right-rail"> <div class="no-sticky sidebar_ad"> <div class="furthest_container"> <span class="advertise_text">Advertisement:</span> <div id="siderail_1479264" class="outer_ad_container"> <script> if(typeof is_mobile == 'undefined'){ function is_mobile() { if(document.body.clientWidth && document.body.clientWidth<=768) return true; else return false; } } // Only for the first time this page is loaded if(!is_mobile()){ siderailAdCount++; document.getElementById("siderail_1479264").innerHTML = "<div class=\"htlad-salon_dt_inview_article\" data-targeting=\"{'slot_number': '"+(siderailAdCount < 10 ? "0"+siderailAdCount : siderailAdCount)+"'}\"></div>"; } </script> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </section> </div> </main> <iframe style="display:none" height="0" width="0" id="loader"></iframe> </div> </div> <footer class="container"> <ul> <li><a href="/">Home</a></li> <li><a href="/about">About</a></li> <li><a href="/about/staff">Staff</a></li> <li><a href="/about/contact">Contact</a></li> <li><a href="/about/policy">Privacy</a></li> <li><a href="/about/tos">Terms of Service</a></li> <li><a href="/archive">Archive</a></li> <li><a href="/premium?source=footer-link">Go Ad Free</a></li> </ul> <div class="copyright_wrapper"> <p>Copyright 漏 2024 Salon.com, LLC. Reproduction of material from any Salon pages without written permission is strictly prohibited. SALON 庐 is registered in the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office as a trademark of Salon.com, LLC. Associated Press articles: Copyright 漏 2016 The Associated Press. All rights reserved. This material may not be published, broadcast, rewritten or redistributed.</p> <br> <div class="one-trust-wrapper"> <a href="/about/dmca">DMCA Policy</a> </div> </div> <style> div.fc-ccpa-root { position: absolute !important; width: 100% !important; bottom: 115px !important; z-index: 99999 !important; } .fc-ccpa-root .fc-dns-dialog .fc-dns-link .fc-button-background { background: none !important; } .fc-ccpa-root .fc-dns-dialog .fc-dns-link p { color: #969696 !important; font-weight: 600 !important; outline: none !important; text-decoration: underline !important; font-size: .75em !important; } </style> </footer>  <script> if('IntersectionObserver' in window && typeof(observer) === "undefined"){ // We don't need to build the observer here anymore since we are building observers per item group var observers = []; } // If observer doesn't exist, add event listeners else if(typeof(observer) === "undefined"){ window.addEventListener('scroll', throttle(classic_lazy_load, 16)); window.addEventListener('resize', throttle(classic_lazy_load, 16)); } var global_items = []; var device_type = get_device_type(); // Lazy Load images lazy_load(".lazy-image", // Query "forever", // How long event listener should last ("forever" or "once") 300, // Pixels 0, // Time "on", // Status "" // Callback ); // Lazy Load iframes (ie: youtube, podcast, etc.) lazy_load(".lazy_load_iframe", // Query "forever", // How long event listener should last ("forever" or "once") 500, // Pixels 0, // Time "on", // Status "" // Callback ); var req_id = 0; // Initial call for lazy load function lazy_load(query, style, in_advance, backup_time, status, callback){ console.log("Lazy Loading items in query: "+query); req_id++; // If you just don't want to lazy load it, and you want it to load right away if(status == "off" || (status != "on" && device_type != status)){ if(status == "off") var reason = "status is set to off"; else var reason = "device type is: "+device_type+" and your status is set to: "+status; console.log("not lazy loading because "+reason); callback(); return; } var intersection_observer = false; if('IntersectionObserver' in window){ intersection_observer = true; var interactSettings = { rootMargin: in_advance+'px 0px '+in_advance+'px 0px' }; var observer = new IntersectionObserver(on_intersection, interactSettings); observers.push(observer); } // Get all items from query var items = document.querySelectorAll(query); // Add callback to each item for(var i = 0; i < items.length; i++){ var item = items[i]; // If item has been tracked before, skip it if(item.dataset.callback) continue; if(callback != ""){ var mycallback = 'lazy_load_'+guid()+"_"+req_id; window[mycallback] = callback; item.dataset.callback = mycallback; } // Setting timers to execute on item if not loaded in a certain amount of time (if specified) if(backup_time > 0) setTimeout(function(){ window[item.dataset.callback](); }, backup_time); if(intersection_observer) observer.observe(item); } // Lazy loaded classic style if(!intersection_observer){ global_items.push({"style": style, "items": items, "in_advance": in_advance, "used": 0}); classic_lazy_load(); } } // On item intersection for IntersectionObserver function on_intersection(items, this_observer){ items.forEach(function(item){ if(item.isIntersecting){ this_observer.unobserve(item.target); // Images if(item.target.tagName == "IMG" || item.target.tagName == "IFRAME"){ if(item.target.dataset.src) item.target.src = item.target.dataset.src; if(item.target.dataset.srcset) item.target.srcset = item.target.dataset.srcset; item.target.onload = function(item){ item.target.classList.add('loaded') } } // Images in disguise as divs else if(item.target.classList.contains("video-background-image")){ item.target.style.backgroundImage = "url('"+item.target.dataset.src+"')"; item.target.classList.add('loaded'); } // Load from the id else window[item.target.dataset.callback](); } }); } // Classic lazy load if IntersectionObserver doesn't exist function classic_lazy_load(){ for(var i = 0; i < global_items.length; i++){ var item_array = global_items[i]; if(item_array.style == "once" && item_array.used > 0) continue; for(var x = 0; x < item_array.items.length; x++){ var item = item_array.items[x]; if(item.offsetTop < window.innerHeight + window.pageYOffset + item_array.in_advance){ // Images if(item.tagName == "IMG"){ if(item.target.dataset.src) item.target.src = item.target.dataset.src; if(item.target.dataset.srcset) item.target.srcset = item.target.dataset.srcset; item.onload = function(e){ item.classList.add('loaded'); } } // Load from the id else window[item.dataset.callback](); item_array.used++; } } } } // Called on scroll or resize for when IntersectionObserver doesn't exist function throttle(func, wait, options){ var context, args, result; var timeout = null; var previous = 0; if(!options) options = {}; var later = function(){ previous = options.leading === false ? 0 : Date.now(); timeout = null; result = func.apply(context, args); if(!timeout) context = args = null; }; return function(){ var now = Date.now(); if(!previous && options.leading === false) previous = now; var remaining = wait - (now - previous); context = this; args = arguments; if(remaining <= 0 || remaining > wait){ if(timeout){ clearTimeout(timeout); timeout = null; } previous = now; result = func.apply(context, args); if(!timeout) context = args = null; } else if(!timeout && options.trailing !== false){ timeout = setTimeout(later, remaining); } return result; }; } // Get random string function guid(){ function s4(){ return Math.floor((1 + Math.random()) * 0x10000) .toString(16) .substring(1,5); } return s4() + s4() + '_' + s4() + s4(); } // Get device type function get_device_type(){ var ua = navigator.userAgent.toLowerCase(); var device_type = ""; // This is usually "tablet", but for this case we are going to call it mobile if(/(ipad|tablet|(android(?!.*mobile))|(windows(?!.*phone)(.*touch))|kindle|playbook|silk|(puffin(?!.*(IP|AP|WP))))/.test(ua)) device_type = "mobile"; // This is mobile else if(/(mobi|ipod|phone|blackberry|opera mini|fennec|minimo|symbian|psp|nintendo ds|archos|skyfire|puffin|blazer|bolt|gobrowser|iris|maemo|semc|teashark|uzard)/.test(ua)) device_type = "mobile"; // Otherwise desktop else device_type = "desktop"; return device_type; } </script>  <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.salon.com/design/assets/main.css?rev=d5f677710ab2c521687cea994258d116b119de12" media="print" onload="this.media='all'"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.salon.com/design/assets/main.css?rev=d5f677710ab2c521687cea994258d116b119de12"></noscript>  <script src="https://assets.salon.com/design/assets/bundle.js?rev=d5f677710ab2c521687cea994258d116b119de12" async></script>  <script> ga('send', 'pageview', { 'dimension1': "Ask the pilot" , // title 'dimension2': "article", // type 'dimension3': "Patrick Smith", // writer 'dimension5': "culture", // categories 'dimension9': "original", // source }); if(adsRemovedWith){ ga('send', 'event', 'ad-free', adsRemovedWith, 'removed', {'nonInteraction': 1}); } </script>  <script> var _comscore = _comscore || []; _comscore.push({ c1: "2", c2: "38282684" }); (function() { var s = document.createElement("script"), el = document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0]; s.async = true; s.src = "https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/38282684/beacon.js"; el.parentNode.insertBefore(s, el); })(); </script> <noscript> <img src="https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=38282684&cv=3.6.0&cj=1"> </noscript>  </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Ask the pilot | Salon.com