Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="x-ua-compatible" content="ie=edge"> <title>Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online</title>  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v15-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v25-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-500.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/montserrat-v15-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-700.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v30-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-300.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-regular.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="preload" href="/assets/fonts/merriweather-v22-latin-ext_cyrillic-ext-700.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous">  <link rel="preload" href="/assets/stylesheets/fontawesome.woff2" as="font" type="font/woff2" crossorigin="anonymous"> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/02f295d1f6a8e9c282e7831cd493e8ff-bootstrap.purged.min.css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/5337b0511e7530e28f005276f70cde44-main.min.css' /> <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href='/assets/stylesheets/13761c60ba5201f465803f3005ccd7ef-fontawesome-codes.css' /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/x-icon" href='/assets/images/ec7d7606b4e2f3f921b5e1700948efb6-favicon.ico' /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="en" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/INSO/html?lang=en" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="de" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/INSO/html?lang=de" /> <link rel="alternate" hreflang="x-default" href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/INSO/html" />  <link rel="schema.dcterms" href="http://purl.org/dc/terms/"> <meta name="dcterms.rightsHolder" content="Walter de Gruyter GmbH"> <meta name="dcterms.rights" content="De Gruyter expressly reserves the right to use all content for commercial text and data mining within the meaning of Section 44b of the German Copyright Act."> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://www.google-analytics.com" /> <meta name="google" content="notranslate" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <meta name="description" content="The Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online ( INS ) offers the most up-to-date scholarship on the ideas and ideologies that shaped the ‘Third Reich’ and our understanding of it. Multi-disciplinary in approach, it brings together a diverse group of international scholars to examine how ideology worked (and didn’t work) in different contexts and from multiple perspectives: from the military to the family; from anthropology to philosophy; from racial science to religion; from the law to sport, and everything in between. Nor is the project limited to Germany during the years 1933-1945; it also focuses on Nazi-adjacent ideas and movements before and afterwards, and across the globe. Given such depth and breadth, INS is easily the most ambitious study yet of the thoughts and beliefs that underpinned, inspired, and were inspired by Nazism, and thus of the actions that flowed from it. Aimed at students and scholars alike, it will provide the first comprehensive reference work on the topic. INS will be structured around the four main research areas that form the basis of the project: Ideology and Individuals – focuses on people, presenting biographical essays on senior and low-level functionaries within the regime, as well as on people from society at large. The central aim of the volume is to determine what, if any, ideologies different people engaged with, and how, if at all, their actions were influenced by them. Ideology and Institutions – examines how ideologies functioned in different institutional and organisational settings, such as ministries, prayer groups, and everything in between. It seeks to determine, first, what those ideologies were, before addressing if and how they became the basis for institutional action. History of Ideas – will focus on the ideas and concepts that both inspired and fed into of National Socialism, such as Antisemitism and völkisch nationalism, occultism, and eugenics, and those that grew out of it, like ‘Research on the East’, and the ‘Will of the Führer’. In short, volume 4 will examine the conceptual underpinnings of the Nazi worldview, both in isolation and in different contexts. Terms, Research and Perspectives – will examine the language and linguistic make-up of National Socialism, such as the different languages of violence. It will also provide a glossary of terms relating to different ideologies in different fields."/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.degruyter.com/database/INSO/html"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="De Gruyter"/><meta property="og:title" content="Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:locale" content="en"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://www.degruyter.com/document/cover/dbid/inso/product"/><meta property="og:image:type" content="image/jpeg"/><meta property="og:description" content="The Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online ( INS ) offers the most up-to-date scholarship on the ideas and ideologies that shaped the ‘Third Reich’ and our understanding of it. Multi-disciplinary in approach, it brings together a diverse group of international scholars to examine how ideology worked (and didn’t work) in different contexts and from multiple perspectives: from the military to the family; from anthropology to philosophy; from racial science to religion; from the law to sport, and everything in between. Nor is the project limited to Germany during the years 1933-1945; it also focuses on Nazi-adjacent ideas and movements before and afterwards, and across the globe. Given such depth and breadth, INS is easily the most ambitious study yet of the thoughts and beliefs that underpinned, inspired, and were inspired by Nazism, and thus of the actions that flowed from it. Aimed at students and scholars alike, it will provide the first comprehensive reference work on the topic. INS will be structured around the four main research areas that form the basis of the project: Ideology and Individuals – focuses on people, presenting biographical essays on senior and low-level functionaries within the regime, as well as on people from society at large. The central aim of the volume is to determine what, if any, ideologies different people engaged with, and how, if at all, their actions were influenced by them. Ideology and Institutions – examines how ideologies functioned in different institutional and organisational settings, such as ministries, prayer groups, and everything in between. It seeks to determine, first, what those ideologies were, before addressing if and how they became the basis for institutional action. History of Ideas – will focus on the ideas and concepts that both inspired and fed into of National Socialism, such as Antisemitism and völkisch nationalism, occultism, and eugenics, and those that grew out of it, like ‘Research on the East’, and the ‘Will of the Führer’. In short, volume 4 will examine the conceptual underpinnings of the Nazi worldview, both in isolation and in different contexts. Terms, Research and Perspectives – will examine the language and linguistic make-up of National Socialism, such as the different languages of violence. It will also provide a glossary of terms relating to different ideologies in different fields."/><meta property="og:locale:alternate" content="de"/> <script nonce="PGt+JMlj4qflak2vZJS82g=="> // Define dataLayer and the gtag function. window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} function getCookieValue(name){ const regex = new RegExp(`(^| )${name}=([^;]+)`) const match = document.cookie.match(regex) if (match) { return match[2] } } // Set default consent to 'denied' as a placeholder // Determine actual values based on your own requirements const acceptCookies = getCookieValue('acceptcookies') === "true"; const defaultSettings = (acceptCookies) => ({ 'ad_storage': acceptCookies ? 'granted': 'denied', 'analytics_storage': acceptCookies ? 'granted' : 'denied', 'ad_user_data': acceptCookies ? 'granted': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': acceptCookies ? 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Your documents are now available to view.</p> <div id="orderCompleteItemList"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <main id="main" class='language_en min-vh-100 '> <div class="d-flex mobile-column"> <div id="databaseContent" class="content px-4 pt-2 py-sm-5 flex-grow-2 ms-md-8p"> <div class="d-block d-md-flex gap-20"> <div class="flex-fixed"> <div class="d-none d-xl-block"> <img class="coverImage ga_cover_image_product" alt="database: Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online" src="/document/cover/dbid/inso/product_pages" width="200" height="auto" loading="lazy"/> </div> <div class="d-none d-md-block d-xl-none"> <img class="coverImage ga_cover_image_product" alt="database: Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online" src="/document/cover/dbid/inso/thumbnail" srcset="/document/cover/dbid/inso/product 2x" width="100" height="auto" loading="lazy"/> </div> </div> <div> <div> <h1 class="me-2 d-inline databaseTitle">Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online</h1> <div> <span class="d-none itemAuthorized"> <span class="fa fas fa-icon-authorized"></span> <span class="accessAccessible me-2">Licensed</span> </span> <span class="d-none itemNotAuthorized"> <span class="fa fas fa-icon-not-authorized"></span> <span class="d-none notAuthUserLoggedIn accessRequireAuth me-2">Unlicensed</span> <span class="d-none notAuthUserLoggedOut accessRequireAuth me-2">Requires Authentication</span> </span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="d-none analyticsHolder" data-subjects='HI|HI-01|HI-01-08|HI-01-08-06|HI-03|HI-03-17' data-license='restricted' data-languages='en' data-publisher='De Gruyter Oldenbourg' data-contentName='Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism Online' data-doi='10.1515/inso' ></div> <nav> <tab-nav class="mt-5"> <ul class="nav" role="tablist"> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#overview" id="overviewTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_overview nav-link active"> <div class="productsTabLink"> Overview </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#editorial" id="editorialTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_editorial nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Editorial </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#submit" id="submitTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_submit nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Submit </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#featured" id="featuredTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_featured nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Featured </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#dbPerson" id="dbPersonTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class=" nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Persons A-Z </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#dbPlace" id="dbPlaceTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class=" nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Places A-Z </div> </a> </li> <li class="nav-item" role="presentation"> <a href="#updates" id="updatesTab" data-bs-toggle="tab" role="tab" class="ga_db_tabs_updates nav-link "> <div class="productsTabLink"> Updates </div> </a> </li> </ul> </tab-nav> </nav> <div class="tab-content pb-4"> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show active" id="overview" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="overviewTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Overview</h2> <div> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>About this database</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <P>The <EM>Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism</EM> <EM>Online</EM> (<EM>INS</EM>) offers the most up-to-date scholarship on the ideas and ideologies that shaped the ‘Third Reich’ and our understanding of it. </P> <P>Multi-disciplinary in approach, it brings together a diverse group of international scholars to examine how ideology worked (and didn’t work) in different contexts and from multiple perspectives: from the military to the family; from anthropology to philosophy; from racial science to religion; from the law to sport, and everything in between. Nor is the project limited to Germany during the years 1933-1945; it also focuses on Nazi-adjacent ideas and movements before and afterwards, and across the globe. </P> <P>Given such depth and breadth, <EM>INS</EM> is easily the most ambitious study yet of the thoughts and beliefs that underpinned, inspired, and were inspired by Nazism, and thus of the actions that flowed from it.<BR>Aimed at students and scholars alike, it will provide the first comprehensive reference work on the topic. </P> <P></P> <P><EM>INS</EM> will be structured around the four main research areas that form the basis of the project: </P> <P></P> <UL> <LI><EM>Ideology and Individuals</EM> – focuses on people, presenting biographical essays on senior and low-level functionaries within the regime, as well as on people from society at large. The central aim of the volume is to determine what, if any, ideologies different people engaged with, and how, if at all, their actions were influenced by them. </LI> <LI><EM>Ideology and Institutions</EM> – examines how ideologies functioned in different institutional and organisational settings, such as ministries, prayer groups, and everything in between. It seeks to determine, first, what those ideologies were, before addressing if and how they became the basis for institutional action. </LI> <LI><EM>History of Ideas</EM> – will focus on the ideas and concepts that both inspired and fed into of National Socialism, such as Antisemitism and <EM>völkisch</EM> nationalism, occultism, and eugenics, and those that grew out of it, like ‘Research on the East’, and the ‘Will of the Führer’. In short, volume 4 will examine the conceptual underpinnings of the Nazi worldview, both in isolation and in different contexts. </LI> <LI><EM>Terms, Research and Perspectives</EM> – will examine the language and linguistic make-up of National Socialism, such as the different languages of violence. It will also provide a glossary of terms relating to different ideologies in different fields. </LI></UL> </div> </div> </div> <div> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>Your Benefits</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <UL> <LI>First systematic reference work analyzing the ideas and ideologies of the ‘Third Reich’</LI> <LI>Not limited to the period of 1933-1945, also covering Nazi-adjacent ideas and movements before and afterwards </LI> <LI>Essential research tool for every student and scholar of Nazism and its global dimensions </LI></UL> </div> </div> </div> <div class="supplementaryMaterials mb-3"> <h3 class="subTitleMainContent mb-3"> Supplementary Materials </h3> <ul class="list-unstyled supplementaryMaterialList"> <li class="supplementaryMaterialItem mb-2"> <a href="/publication/dbid/inso/downloadAsset/INSO_INS%20Article%20Word%20template.dotx" class="ga_download_supplementary fw-bold"> <span class="fa fas fa-file-word me-2"></span> <span class="linkAnimation pb-0">INS Article Word template</span> </a> </li> <li class="supplementaryMaterialItem mb-2"> <a href="/publication/dbid/inso/downloadAsset/INSO_INS%20Example%20Article.docx" class="ga_download_supplementary fw-bold"> <span class="fa fas fa-file-word me-2"></span> <span class="linkAnimation pb-0">INS Example Article</span> </a> </li> <li class="supplementaryMaterialItem mb-2"> <a href="/publication/dbid/inso/downloadAsset/INSO_INS%20Style%20Sheet.pdf" class="ga_download_supplementary fw-bold"> <span class="fa fas fa-file-pdf me-2"></span> <span class="linkAnimation pb-0">INS Style Sheet</span> </a> </li> <li class="supplementaryMaterialItem mb-2"> <a href="/publication/dbid/inso/downloadAsset/INSO_Permission%20request.pdf" class="ga_download_supplementary fw-bold"> <span class="fa fas fa-file-pdf me-2"></span> <span class="linkAnimation pb-0">Permission request</span> </a> </li> </ul> </div> <div> <div class="pb-3"> <h3>Topics</h3> <ul class="list-inline pt-2 subjects"> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “Contemporary History until 1945”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=HI-01-08'> Contemporary History until 1945 </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “Historical Periods”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=HI-01'> Historical Periods </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “History”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=HI'> History </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “Nazi Germany”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=HI-01-08-06'> Nazi Germany </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “Political Ideologies and Ideas”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=HI-03-17'> Political Ideologies and Ideas </a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item mb-2 subject"> <a class='subjectSearchLink productsTopicLink ga_productsTopicLink' title='Search for “Topics in History”' href='/search?query=*&subjectFacet=HI-03'> Topics in History </a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="editorial" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="editorialTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Editorial</h2> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>Editorial</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <P><STRONG>Editors</STRONG> </P> <P>Julien Reitzenstein (Heinrich-Heine-University of Düsseldorf) and Darren O’Byrne (University of Cambridge). </P> <P></P> <P><STRONG>Editorial Office</STRONG> </P> <P>Barbara Nowak (Manager), Orli Vogt-Vincent, Bastian Tonk<BR></P> <P><STRONG>Area Editors:</STRONG> </P> <UL> <LI>Patrick Cassitti </LI> <LI>Claus Bundgård Christensen </LI> <LI>Thomas Clausen </LI> <LI>Monica Fioravanzo </LI> <LI>Paolo Fonzi </LI> <LI>Christian Fuhrmeister </LI> <LI>Michael Hanzel </LI> <LI>Stephan Lehnstaedt </LI> <LI>Luitgard Löw </LI> <LI>Daniel Meis </LI> <LI>Yuliya von Saal </LI> <LI>Carmen Scheide </LI> <LI>Dirk Schuster </LI> <LI>Udo Tietz </LI> <LI>Annika Wienert </LI></UL> <P></P> <P><STRONG>Advisory Board</STRONG> </P> <UL> <LI>Per Cornell </LI> <LI>Gisela Miller-Kipp </LI> <LI>Lynn Rother </LI> <LI>Dirk Rupnow </LI> <LI>Bernd-A. 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You can download the template for your article here: </P> <P><A href="https://www.degruyter.com/publication/dbid/INSO/downloadAsset/INSO_INS%20Article%20Word%20template.dotx">Article</A> </P> <P><A href="https://www.degruyter.com/publication/dbid/INSO/downloadAsset/INSO_INS%20Example%20Article.docx">Example article</A> </P> <P>Please make sure to follow the <A href="https://www.degruyter.com/publication/dbid/INSO/downloadAsset/INSO_INS%20Style%20Sheet.pdf">style guide</A> and to respect the maximum entry length. You are welcome to use our <A href="https://degruyter-live-craftcms-assets.s3.amazonaws.com/docs/authors/DG_Permission_Request_for_Authors.pdf?mtime=20210211094748&focal=none">permission request</A> form to to request any permission required for the use of material owned by others. </P> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="featured" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="featuredTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Featured</h2> <div class="productInfo pb-3"> <h3>Featured</h3> <div class="metadataInfoFont"> <P> <H2>Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism, Volume 1: Ideology and Individuals</H2> <P></P> <P> <H3>Introduction: What is National Socialist Ideology?</H3> <P></P> <P><STRONG>National Socialism as Theory and Practice</STRONG></P> <P>For the last forty years or so, research on National Socialism and the "Third Reich" has been defined by what one scholar has called a "return of ideology". Inspired by both the "cultural turn" in the humanities and the perceived limitations of "functionalist" explanations for Nazi mass crimes, this has resulted in considerable attention being paid to the mentalities, rituals, and ideas said to have underpinned those crimes. Yet, for all of the recent focus on ideology, there is as yet no concrete definition of the term. For the most part, Nazi ideology is simply assumed to have existed as a vague combination of different ideas and belief systems, which are generally said to hold the key to understanding the "Third Reich’s" barbarism and what brought people to participate in it. </P> <P>Surveying the vast literature on National Socialism, however, we can see that Nazi ideology is mostly treated in theoretical or praxiological terms: either as a worldview comprising different idea sets and beliefs, or as a range of practices and actions said to be in service of those beliefs. Indeed, the papers presented at the annual <EM>Ideologies in National Socialism</EM> conference series, along with the contributions received for this handbook, have confirmed this, with numerous papers and essays treating ideology as either theory or practice. </P> <P></P> <P>The aim of this present volume – <EM>Ideology and Individuals</EM> – is to examine ideology through the prism of biography: to highlight both the ideological influences and developments that shaped people’s beliefs and behaviours during the period of National Socialism, and the different behaviours which served those beliefs. Since some of those influences both predated and outlived the "Third Reich", however, it also sheds light on people whose ideas inspired the Nazi worldview and who were inspired by it. Biography has long been a fruitful means for such a task, arguably providing the methodological foundations on which the "return of ideology" rests. For belief and thought are innately human phenomena, however much some sociologists have tried to argue otherwise. It should thus come as no surprise that recent scholarly interest in ideology emerged at roughly the same time as what one historian has called the "biographical turn". </P> <P>Nor is it surprising that biography has offered some of the most revealing exposés of Nazism, particularly as theory. Recent studies of Hitler, for example, the man whose beliefs and fears charted the course of the "Third Reich", have revealed the evolving and often vague intellectual foundations on which his movement was founded. Biographical studies of Alfred Rosenberg, Dietrich Eckart, and Joseph Goebbels, moreover, have paid specific attention to the racist and antisemitic theories that legitimised Nazi rule, while studies of people like Carl Schmitt and Hans Frank have shown how legal theories were bent to justify its excesses. Research on Houston Stewart Chamberlain and the like has helped situate Nazi theories in their long-term context, showing how they strongly resembled nineteenth century <EM>völkisch</EM> thought, just as biographies of non-Nazi thinkers such as Oswald Spengler have shown that the grievances Nazi ideology played on, and to which it was supposed to provide answers, also predated Hitler. </P> <P>There have been some attempts to examine National Socialism as theory independently of its theoreticians, to synthesise the thoughts of Nazi thinkers and present them as a coherent ideological belief structure – most notably by Johann Chapoutot and Carl Müller Frøland. But biography has always been and remains a valuable method for exploring Nazism’s theoretical underpinnings, especially when considering its lack of an established canon and how it was open to widely differing interpretations. </P> <P>The same is also true of ideology as a praxiological phenomenon, with biography – both individual and collective – providing the most vivid examples of National Socialism as practice. Scholars like Ulrich Herbert, Michael Wildt, and Christian Ingrao, to name but a few, have all expertly shown how for the leadership cadre of the <EM>Reichssicherheitshauptamt</EM> (Reich Security Main Office, RSHA) National Socialism was a brutal programme of mass murder which they ruthlessly helped implement. Others, like Hans-Christian Jasch, have shown how for senior civil servants like Wilhelm Stuckart it was the creation of legislative and legal frameworks which ultimately enabled that programme. Complicity in the crimes of the "Third Reich" <EM>is</EM> Nazi ideology as practice according to many scholars, who maintain that the best way to understand it is from the perspective of its practitioners. </P> <P><EM>Read the Introduction in full length here</EM></P> <DIV class=gallery> <DIV><A href="https://www.degruyter.com/database/INSO/entry/inso.33500922/html"> <P>Handbook Ideologies in National Socialism, Volume 1: Ideology and Individuals</P></A></DIV> <STYLE type=text/css scopded="scoped"> .gallery{ display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; align-items: flex-start; max-width: 1248px; } .gallery img{ height: 300px; margin: 0; } .gallery img:hover{ opacity: .6; } .gallery div{ margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 20px; } .gallery p{ text-align: center; display: block; padding: .75em 0; font-size: 12px; font-weight: bold; font-family: "Montserrat", sans-serif; line-height: 15px; background: #00627d; color: #fff; text-transform: uppercase; text-decoration: none; height: auto; width: auto; padding-right: 20px; padding-left: 20px;} 　</STYLE> </DIV> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="dbLemma" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="dbLemmaTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Lemmas A-Z</h2> <ajax-frame src="/database/inso/keywordFacets/dbLemma"></ajax-frame> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="dbPerson" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="dbPersonTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Persons A-Z</h2> <ajax-frame src="/database/inso/keywordFacets/dbPerson"></ajax-frame> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="dbPlace" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="dbPlaceTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Places A-Z</h2> <ajax-frame src="/database/inso/keywordFacets/dbPlace"></ajax-frame> </div> <div class="tab-pane fade fade mt-4 mb-4 show" id="updates" role="tabpanel" aria-labelledby="updatesTab"> <h2 class="screen-reader">Updates</h2> <h3>Updates</h3> <div id="updatesDescription"><P>Last updated on 08.04.2024 </P> <P>The updates usually take place in April and October of each year.</P></div> </div> <div class="translationLink"> <a href="/database/INSO/html?lang=de">(Deutsch)</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sidebar shrinking-sidebar bg-light col-lg-3 px-4 py-5"> <div class="mb-4"> <div class="accessBroughtToYouBy" data-idtype="dbid" data-id="inso"></div> <div class="accessNotBroughtToYouBy p-3 bg-white border font-size-14"> <div class="dbSidebarMessageTitle">To gain access</div> <a href="/login">Please authenticate</a>, if your institution has a subscription. <div class="dbSidebarMessageTitle pt-2">To subscribe</div> <a href="/publishing/about-us/contact/sales?lang=en">Contact our sales team.</a> </div> </div> <div class="contributors"> <div class="editor"> <span class="subTitleProductPage">Edited by:</span> <span class="subTitleInfoProductPage">Julien Reitzenstein, Darren M. 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